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gr-qc/9912031
Scott A. Hughes
Scott A. Hughes
Gravitational waves from inspiral into massive black holes
7 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 3rd Edoardo Amaldi meeting
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
Space-based gravitational-wave interferometers such as LISA will be sensitive to the inspiral of stellar mass compact objects into black holes with masses in the range of roughly 10^5 solar masses to (a few) 10^7 solar masses. During the last year of inspiral, the compact body spends several hundred thousand orbits spiraling from several Schwarzschild radii to the last stable orbit. The gravitational waves emitted from these orbits probe the strong-field region of the black hole spacetime and can make possible high precision tests and measurements of the black hole's properties. Measuring such waves will require a good theoretical understanding of the waves' properties, which in turn requires a good understanding of strong-field radiation reaction and of properties of the black hole's astrophysical environment which could complicate waveform generation. In these proceedings, I review estimates of the rate at which such inspirals occur in the universe, and discuss what is being done and what must be done further in order to calculate the inspiral waveform.
[ { "created": "Wed, 8 Dec 1999 21:47:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Hughes", "Scott A.", "" ] ]
Space-based gravitational-wave interferometers such as LISA will be sensitive to the inspiral of stellar mass compact objects into black holes with masses in the range of roughly 10^5 solar masses to (a few) 10^7 solar masses. During the last year of inspiral, the compact body spends several hundred thousand orbits spiraling from several Schwarzschild radii to the last stable orbit. The gravitational waves emitted from these orbits probe the strong-field region of the black hole spacetime and can make possible high precision tests and measurements of the black hole's properties. Measuring such waves will require a good theoretical understanding of the waves' properties, which in turn requires a good understanding of strong-field radiation reaction and of properties of the black hole's astrophysical environment which could complicate waveform generation. In these proceedings, I review estimates of the rate at which such inspirals occur in the universe, and discuss what is being done and what must be done further in order to calculate the inspiral waveform.
gr-qc/9703080
Maartens R. Staf
Roy Maartens, William Lesame, George Ellis
Consistency of dust solutions with div H=0
3 pages Revtex
Phys.Rev. D55 (1997) 5219-5221
10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5219
Portsmouth RCG 96/17
gr-qc
null
One of the necessary covariant conditions for gravitational radiation is the vanishing of the divergence of the magnetic Weyl tensor H_{ab}, while H_{ab} itself is nonzero. We complete a recent analysis by showing that in irrotational dust spacetimes, the condition div H=0 evolves consistently in the exact nonlinear theory.
[ { "created": "Thu, 27 Mar 1997 10:43:30 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-30
[ [ "Maartens", "Roy", "" ], [ "Lesame", "William", "" ], [ "Ellis", "George", "" ] ]
One of the necessary covariant conditions for gravitational radiation is the vanishing of the divergence of the magnetic Weyl tensor H_{ab}, while H_{ab} itself is nonzero. We complete a recent analysis by showing that in irrotational dust spacetimes, the condition div H=0 evolves consistently in the exact nonlinear theory.
gr-qc/0101096
Masayuki Tanimoto
Masayuki Tanimoto
Symmetries of the Gowdy Equations and Spatial Topologies
6 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX. To appear in the proceedings of JGRG10, Osaka, Sept. 11-14, 2000
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We examine some kinds of discrete symmetries which are dynamically preserved, using the (generalized) Gowdy models of the first kind.
[ { "created": "Thu, 25 Jan 2001 14:49:21 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Tanimoto", "Masayuki", "" ] ]
We examine some kinds of discrete symmetries which are dynamically preserved, using the (generalized) Gowdy models of the first kind.
0705.4120
Carlos A. S. Almeida
M. O. Tahim, R. R. Landim, and C. A. S. Almeida
Spacetime as a deformable solid
5 pages, RevTex4
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
In this letter we discuss the possibility of treating the spacetime by itself as a kind of deformable body for which we can define an fundamental lattice, just like atoms in crystal lattices. We show three signs pointing in that direction. We simulate the spacetime manifold by a very specific congruence of curves and use the Landau-Raychadhuri equation to study the behavior of such a congruence. The lattice appears because we are forced to associate to each curve of the congruence a sort of fundamental "particle". The world-lines of these particles should be identified with the congruence fulfilling the spacetime manifold. The conclusion is that when describing the deformations of the spacetime the Einstein equations emerge and the spacetime metric should be treated as a secondary (not fundamental) object of the theory.
[ { "created": "Mon, 28 May 2007 22:33:16 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-30
[ [ "Tahim", "M. O.", "" ], [ "Landim", "R. R.", "" ], [ "Almeida", "C. A. S.", "" ] ]
In this letter we discuss the possibility of treating the spacetime by itself as a kind of deformable body for which we can define an fundamental lattice, just like atoms in crystal lattices. We show three signs pointing in that direction. We simulate the spacetime manifold by a very specific congruence of curves and use the Landau-Raychadhuri equation to study the behavior of such a congruence. The lattice appears because we are forced to associate to each curve of the congruence a sort of fundamental "particle". The world-lines of these particles should be identified with the congruence fulfilling the spacetime manifold. The conclusion is that when describing the deformations of the spacetime the Einstein equations emerge and the spacetime metric should be treated as a secondary (not fundamental) object of the theory.
1603.05337
Rod Aros Mr.
Rodrigo Aros and Milko Estrada
Study of branes with variable tension
null
Commun.Theor.Phys. 68 (2017) no.5, 595
10.1088/0253-6102/68/5/595
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this work we study a brane world model with variable tension which gives rise to four dimensional cosmologies. The brane worlds obtained correspond to E\"{o}tv\"{o}s branes whose (internal) geometry can be casted as either a four dimensional (A)dS$_{4}$ or a standard radiation period cosmology. The matter dominated period is discussed as well.
[ { "created": "Thu, 17 Mar 2016 02:30:55 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-11-21
[ [ "Aros", "Rodrigo", "" ], [ "Estrada", "Milko", "" ] ]
In this work we study a brane world model with variable tension which gives rise to four dimensional cosmologies. The brane worlds obtained correspond to E\"{o}tv\"{o}s branes whose (internal) geometry can be casted as either a four dimensional (A)dS$_{4}$ or a standard radiation period cosmology. The matter dominated period is discussed as well.
2212.10413
Vinod Bhardwaj Dr.
Archana Dixit, Anirudh Pradhan, Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj, A. Beesham
Observational constraints for an axially symmetric transitioning model with bulk viscosity parameterization
25 pages, 14 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
In this paper, we have analyzed the significance of bulk viscosity in an axially symmetric Bianchi type-I model to study the accelerated expansion of the universe. We have considered four bulk viscosity parameterizations for the matter-dominated cosmological model. The function of the two significant Hubble $H(z)$ and deceleration parameters are discussed in detail. The energy parameters of the universe are computed using the most recent observational Hubble data (57 data points) in the redshift range $0.07 \leq z \leq 2.36)$. In this model, we obtained all feasible solutions with the viscous component and analyzed the universe's expansion history. Finally, we analyzed the statefinder diagnostic and found some interesting results. The outcomes of our developed model now properly align with observational results.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Dec 2022 16:42:47 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-12-21
[ [ "Dixit", "Archana", "" ], [ "Pradhan", "Anirudh", "" ], [ "Bhardwaj", "Vinod Kumar", "" ], [ "Beesham", "A.", "" ] ]
In this paper, we have analyzed the significance of bulk viscosity in an axially symmetric Bianchi type-I model to study the accelerated expansion of the universe. We have considered four bulk viscosity parameterizations for the matter-dominated cosmological model. The function of the two significant Hubble $H(z)$ and deceleration parameters are discussed in detail. The energy parameters of the universe are computed using the most recent observational Hubble data (57 data points) in the redshift range $0.07 \leq z \leq 2.36)$. In this model, we obtained all feasible solutions with the viscous component and analyzed the universe's expansion history. Finally, we analyzed the statefinder diagnostic and found some interesting results. The outcomes of our developed model now properly align with observational results.
gr-qc/0101098
R. M. Kiehn
R. M. Kiehn
Falaco Solitons, Cosmic Strings in a Swimming Pool
6 pages pdf 3 figures included
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
Topological defects experimentally induced by rotational dynamics in a continuous media replicate the coherent structure features of cosmic strings as well as hadrons.
[ { "created": "Thu, 25 Jan 2001 20:34:12 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Kiehn", "R. M.", "" ] ]
Topological defects experimentally induced by rotational dynamics in a continuous media replicate the coherent structure features of cosmic strings as well as hadrons.
1305.5409
Cosimo Bambi
Cosimo Bambi
Measuring the Kerr spin parameter of a non-Kerr compact object with the continuum-fitting and the iron line methods
1+14 pages, 5 figures. v2: refereed version
JCAP 1308:055,2013
10.1088/1475-7516/2013/08/055
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Under the assumption that astrophysical black hole candidates are the Kerr black holes of general relativity, the continuum-fitting method and the analysis of the K$\alpha$ iron line are today the only available techniques capable of providing a relatively reliable estimate of the spin parameter of these objects. If we relax the Kerr black hole hypothesis and we try to test the nature of black hole candidates, we find that there is a strong correlation between the measurement of the spin and possible deviations from the Kerr solution. The properties of the radiation emitted in a Kerr spacetime with spin parameter $a_*$ are indeed very similar, and practically indistinguishable, from the ones of the radiation emitted around a non-Kerr object with different spin. In this paper, I address the question whether measuring the Kerr spin with both the continuum-fitting method and the K$\alpha$ iron line analysis of the same object can be used to claim the Kerr nature of the black hole candidate in the case of consistent results. In this work, I consider two non-Kerr metrics and it seems that the answer does depend on the specific background. The two techniques may either provide a very similar result (the case of the Bardeen metric) or show a discrepancy (Johannsen-Psaltis background).
[ { "created": "Thu, 23 May 2013 13:19:35 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 12 Aug 2013 11:36:47 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-09-02
[ [ "Bambi", "Cosimo", "" ] ]
Under the assumption that astrophysical black hole candidates are the Kerr black holes of general relativity, the continuum-fitting method and the analysis of the K$\alpha$ iron line are today the only available techniques capable of providing a relatively reliable estimate of the spin parameter of these objects. If we relax the Kerr black hole hypothesis and we try to test the nature of black hole candidates, we find that there is a strong correlation between the measurement of the spin and possible deviations from the Kerr solution. The properties of the radiation emitted in a Kerr spacetime with spin parameter $a_*$ are indeed very similar, and practically indistinguishable, from the ones of the radiation emitted around a non-Kerr object with different spin. In this paper, I address the question whether measuring the Kerr spin with both the continuum-fitting method and the K$\alpha$ iron line analysis of the same object can be used to claim the Kerr nature of the black hole candidate in the case of consistent results. In this work, I consider two non-Kerr metrics and it seems that the answer does depend on the specific background. The two techniques may either provide a very similar result (the case of the Bardeen metric) or show a discrepancy (Johannsen-Psaltis background).
1207.3873
Sergei Kopeikin
Sergei Kopeikin (University of Missouri, Columbia, USA)
Celestial Ephemerides in an Expanding Universe
27 pages, accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Phys. Rev. D 86, 064004 (2012)
10.1103/PhysRevD.86.064004
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO physics.space-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Post-Newtonian theory was instrumental in conducting the critical experimental tests of general relativity and in building the astronomical ephemerides of celestial bodies in the solar system with an unparalleled precision. The cornerstone of the theory is the postulate that the solar system is gravitationally isolated from the rest of the universe and the background spacetime is asymptotically flat. The present article extends this theoretical concept and formulates the principles of celestial dynamics of particles and light moving in gravitational field of a localized astronomical system embedded to the expanding Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. We formulate the precise mathematical concept of the Newtonian limit of Einstein's field equations in the conformally-flat FLRW spacetime and analyze the geodesic motion of massive particles and light in this limit. We prove that by doing conformal spacetime transformations, one can reduce the equations of motion of particles and light to the classical form of the Newtonian theory. However, the time arguments in the equations of motion of particles and light differ from each other in terms being proportional to the Hubble constant, H. This leads to the important conclusion that the equations of light propagation used currently by Space Navigation Centers for fitting range and Doppler-tracking observations of celestial bodies are missing some terms of the cosmological origin that are proportional to the Hubble constant, H. We also prove that the Hubble expansion does not affect the atomic time scale used in creation of astronomical ephemerides. We derive the cosmological correction to the light travel time equation and argue that their measurement opens an exciting opportunity to determine the local value of the Hubble constant, H, in the solar system independently of cosmological observations.
[ { "created": "Tue, 17 Jul 2012 04:07:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2012-09-06
[ [ "Kopeikin", "Sergei", "", "University of Missouri, Columbia, USA" ] ]
Post-Newtonian theory was instrumental in conducting the critical experimental tests of general relativity and in building the astronomical ephemerides of celestial bodies in the solar system with an unparalleled precision. The cornerstone of the theory is the postulate that the solar system is gravitationally isolated from the rest of the universe and the background spacetime is asymptotically flat. The present article extends this theoretical concept and formulates the principles of celestial dynamics of particles and light moving in gravitational field of a localized astronomical system embedded to the expanding Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. We formulate the precise mathematical concept of the Newtonian limit of Einstein's field equations in the conformally-flat FLRW spacetime and analyze the geodesic motion of massive particles and light in this limit. We prove that by doing conformal spacetime transformations, one can reduce the equations of motion of particles and light to the classical form of the Newtonian theory. However, the time arguments in the equations of motion of particles and light differ from each other in terms being proportional to the Hubble constant, H. This leads to the important conclusion that the equations of light propagation used currently by Space Navigation Centers for fitting range and Doppler-tracking observations of celestial bodies are missing some terms of the cosmological origin that are proportional to the Hubble constant, H. We also prove that the Hubble expansion does not affect the atomic time scale used in creation of astronomical ephemerides. We derive the cosmological correction to the light travel time equation and argue that their measurement opens an exciting opportunity to determine the local value of the Hubble constant, H, in the solar system independently of cosmological observations.
1906.07014
Yurij Baryshev
Yurij Baryshev and Sergey Oschepkov
A solution of the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity problem in the frame of the Poincare-covariant field gravitation theory
12 pages, 31 ref
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov (vDVZ) mass discontinuity problem can be solved in the frame of the linear approximation of the Poincare-covariant second rank symmetric tensor field gravitation theory. Conservation of the source energy-momentum tensor, together with gauge invariance of the field equations, lead to generation of two intrinsic irreducible non-ghost dynamical fields: 4-traceless symmetric tensor (spin-2 universal attraction) and 4-trace (spin-0 universal repulsion). Due to difference in the signs of these forces the total free field Lagrangian contains different signs for the tensor and scalar dynamical fields. Generalized Fierz-Pauli mass term in total spin-2 plus spin-0 Lagrangian gives natural massless limit for mg --> 0, so the mass discontinuity paradox is absent. The Newtonian gravity and relativistic gravity effects, including positive localizable energy density of both parts of the gravitational field, are derived. Experimental test of the reality of the dynamical spin-0 repulsive field can be performed by LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave observations.
[ { "created": "Fri, 14 Jun 2019 17:46:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-06-18
[ [ "Baryshev", "Yurij", "" ], [ "Oschepkov", "Sergey", "" ] ]
The van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov (vDVZ) mass discontinuity problem can be solved in the frame of the linear approximation of the Poincare-covariant second rank symmetric tensor field gravitation theory. Conservation of the source energy-momentum tensor, together with gauge invariance of the field equations, lead to generation of two intrinsic irreducible non-ghost dynamical fields: 4-traceless symmetric tensor (spin-2 universal attraction) and 4-trace (spin-0 universal repulsion). Due to difference in the signs of these forces the total free field Lagrangian contains different signs for the tensor and scalar dynamical fields. Generalized Fierz-Pauli mass term in total spin-2 plus spin-0 Lagrangian gives natural massless limit for mg --> 0, so the mass discontinuity paradox is absent. The Newtonian gravity and relativistic gravity effects, including positive localizable energy density of both parts of the gravitational field, are derived. Experimental test of the reality of the dynamical spin-0 repulsive field can be performed by LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave observations.
gr-qc/9808053
S. Mignemi
S. Mignemi (Universita di Cagliari)
Charged gravitational instantons in five-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell theory
8 pages, plain TeX
Gen.Rel.Grav. 30 (1998) 1795-1801
10.1023/A:1026671212653
INFNCA-TH9806
gr-qc
null
We study a solution of the Einstein-Gauus-Bonnet theory in 5 dimensions coupled to a Maxwell field, whose euclidean continuation gives rise to an instanton describing black hole pair production. We also discuss the dual theory with a 3-form field coupled to gravity.
[ { "created": "Wed, 19 Aug 1998 17:13:06 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Mignemi", "S.", "", "Universita di Cagliari" ] ]
We study a solution of the Einstein-Gauus-Bonnet theory in 5 dimensions coupled to a Maxwell field, whose euclidean continuation gives rise to an instanton describing black hole pair production. We also discuss the dual theory with a 3-form field coupled to gravity.
2010.05061
Orlando Luongo
Roberto Giamb\`o, Orlando Luongo and Hernando Quevedo
Repulsive regions in Lema\^itre-Tolman-Bondi gravitational collapse
12 pages, 3 figures
Phys. dark univ., 30, 100721, (2020)
10.1016/j.dark.2020.100721
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that in the inhomogeneous Lema{\^i}tre-Tolman-Bondi space-time there are specific regions in which repulsive gravity exists. To find these regions, we use an invariant definition of repulsive gravity based upon the behavior of the curvature eigenvalues. In addition, we analyze the effects of repulsive gravity on the dynamics of the gravitational collapse. In particular, we investigate the collapse in the case of the parabolic solution for the effective scale factor of the Lema{\^i}tre-Tolman-Bondi metric, corresponding to the marginally bound case. Exploring the corresponding cut-offs at which gravity becomes repulsive, we notice that black holes with dominant repulsive effects are not excluded \emph{a priori}. Indeed, we demonstrate that the collapse leads, in general, to the formation of a central naked singularity; however, for particular values of the free parameters entering the model, black holes with dominant repulsive gravity can exist. We show that the expected physical process is not modified as the marginally bound condition is dropped out. Moreover, we show that this is true independently of the hypothesis that the energy-momentum tensor is built up in terms of pressureless matter. Further, we demonstrate that geodesic deviations can depend on the sign of the curvature eigenvalues. Finally, we give an astrophysical interpretation of black holes with dominant repulsive gravity. Indeed, we argue that compact objects with dominant repulsive gravity could be interpreted as progenitors of Gamma Ray Bursts.
[ { "created": "Sat, 10 Oct 2020 18:18:26 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-10-13
[ [ "Giambò", "Roberto", "" ], [ "Luongo", "Orlando", "" ], [ "Quevedo", "Hernando", "" ] ]
We show that in the inhomogeneous Lema{\^i}tre-Tolman-Bondi space-time there are specific regions in which repulsive gravity exists. To find these regions, we use an invariant definition of repulsive gravity based upon the behavior of the curvature eigenvalues. In addition, we analyze the effects of repulsive gravity on the dynamics of the gravitational collapse. In particular, we investigate the collapse in the case of the parabolic solution for the effective scale factor of the Lema{\^i}tre-Tolman-Bondi metric, corresponding to the marginally bound case. Exploring the corresponding cut-offs at which gravity becomes repulsive, we notice that black holes with dominant repulsive effects are not excluded \emph{a priori}. Indeed, we demonstrate that the collapse leads, in general, to the formation of a central naked singularity; however, for particular values of the free parameters entering the model, black holes with dominant repulsive gravity can exist. We show that the expected physical process is not modified as the marginally bound condition is dropped out. Moreover, we show that this is true independently of the hypothesis that the energy-momentum tensor is built up in terms of pressureless matter. Further, we demonstrate that geodesic deviations can depend on the sign of the curvature eigenvalues. Finally, we give an astrophysical interpretation of black holes with dominant repulsive gravity. Indeed, we argue that compact objects with dominant repulsive gravity could be interpreted as progenitors of Gamma Ray Bursts.
2309.09474
Mohamed Fawzy Abbas Aly Mr.
Fawzi Aly, Dejan Stojkovic
In Horizon Penetrating Coordinates: Kerr Black Hole Metric Perturbation Construction and Completion
null
null
null
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We investigate the Teukolsky equation in horizon-penetrating coordinates to study the behavior of perturbation waves crossing the outer horizon. For this purpose, we use the null ingoing/outgoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. The first derivative of the radial equation is a Fuchsian differential equation with an additional regular singularity to the ones the radial one has. The radial functions satisfy the physical boundary conditions without imposing any regularity conditions. We also observe that the Hertz-Weyl scalar equations preserve their angular and radial signatures in these coordinates. Using the angular equation, we construct the metric perturbation for a circularly orbiting perturber around a black hole in Kerr spacetime in a horizon-penetrating setting. Furthermore, we completed the missing metric pieces due to the mass M and angular momentum J perturbations. We also provide an explicit formula for the metric perturbation as a function of the radial part, its derivative, and the angular part of the solution to the Teukolsky equation. Finally, we discuss the importance of the extra singularity in the radial derivative for the convergence of the metric expansion.
[ { "created": "Mon, 18 Sep 2023 04:13:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-09-19
[ [ "Aly", "Fawzi", "" ], [ "Stojkovic", "Dejan", "" ] ]
We investigate the Teukolsky equation in horizon-penetrating coordinates to study the behavior of perturbation waves crossing the outer horizon. For this purpose, we use the null ingoing/outgoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. The first derivative of the radial equation is a Fuchsian differential equation with an additional regular singularity to the ones the radial one has. The radial functions satisfy the physical boundary conditions without imposing any regularity conditions. We also observe that the Hertz-Weyl scalar equations preserve their angular and radial signatures in these coordinates. Using the angular equation, we construct the metric perturbation for a circularly orbiting perturber around a black hole in Kerr spacetime in a horizon-penetrating setting. Furthermore, we completed the missing metric pieces due to the mass M and angular momentum J perturbations. We also provide an explicit formula for the metric perturbation as a function of the radial part, its derivative, and the angular part of the solution to the Teukolsky equation. Finally, we discuss the importance of the extra singularity in the radial derivative for the convergence of the metric expansion.
1501.04879
Giuseppe d'Ambrosi
G. d'Ambrosi, S. Satish Kumar, J.W. van Holten
Covariant hamiltonian spin dynamics in curved space-time
14 pages, accepted version for Phys Lett B, added a footnote and two references
Phys. Lett. B 743 (2015), 478
10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.007
NIKHEF/2015-001
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The dynamics of spinning particles in curved space-time is discussed, emphasizing the hamiltonian formulation. Different choices of hamiltonians allow for the description of different gravitating systems. We give full results for the simplest case with minimal hamiltonian, constructing constants of motion including spin. The analysis is illustrated by the example of motion in Schwarzschild space-time. We also discuss a non-minimal extension of the hamiltonian giving rise to a gravitational equivalent of the Stern-Gerlach force. We show that this extension respects a large class of known constants of motion for the minimal case.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Jan 2015 16:59:30 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 5 Mar 2015 10:38:41 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-11-24
[ [ "d'Ambrosi", "G.", "" ], [ "Kumar", "S. Satish", "" ], [ "van Holten", "J. W.", "" ] ]
The dynamics of spinning particles in curved space-time is discussed, emphasizing the hamiltonian formulation. Different choices of hamiltonians allow for the description of different gravitating systems. We give full results for the simplest case with minimal hamiltonian, constructing constants of motion including spin. The analysis is illustrated by the example of motion in Schwarzschild space-time. We also discuss a non-minimal extension of the hamiltonian giving rise to a gravitational equivalent of the Stern-Gerlach force. We show that this extension respects a large class of known constants of motion for the minimal case.
2007.13165
Gabriel German
Gabriel German
Evolution of the universe during the inflationary epoch
14 pages, 13 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We often find in the literature solutions to the Friedmann and fluid equations for simple cosmological models during the matter, radiation or cosmological constant dominated epochs. However no solutions appear for the inflationary era dominated by the potential energy of a scalar field due, perhaps, to the fact that we do not have as yet a strongly favored model of inflation; there are, of course, very well motivated models which fit the data. The purpose of this article is to study with some detail the evolution of the Universe during inflation in the slow-roll approximation. Taking the Starobinsky model as an example, we display exact solutions for the time evolution of the scalar field $\phi(t)$, scale factor $a(t)$, Hubble function $H(t)$, equation of state parameter $\omega(t)$ and acceleration of the scale factor $\ddot{a}(t)$ among other quantities of interest.
[ { "created": "Sun, 26 Jul 2020 16:18:29 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-07-30
[ [ "German", "Gabriel", "" ] ]
We often find in the literature solutions to the Friedmann and fluid equations for simple cosmological models during the matter, radiation or cosmological constant dominated epochs. However no solutions appear for the inflationary era dominated by the potential energy of a scalar field due, perhaps, to the fact that we do not have as yet a strongly favored model of inflation; there are, of course, very well motivated models which fit the data. The purpose of this article is to study with some detail the evolution of the Universe during inflation in the slow-roll approximation. Taking the Starobinsky model as an example, we display exact solutions for the time evolution of the scalar field $\phi(t)$, scale factor $a(t)$, Hubble function $H(t)$, equation of state parameter $\omega(t)$ and acceleration of the scale factor $\ddot{a}(t)$ among other quantities of interest.
1309.3503
Jose Javier Arenas Ferrer
Jose J. Arenas
The effect of the cosmological expansion on local systems: Post-Newtonian approximation
null
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.EP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Frequently, the quantitative effect of the large-scale cosmological expansion on local systems is studied in the light of Newtonian approach, and the General Relativity Theory is neglected. We, however, analyze the influence of cosmological expansion on small systems in the light of Post-Newtonian approximation. The equations show the product Hc=6.99*10^-10 ms^-2, and it so happens that the magnitude of this acceleration is very close the apparently anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. Furthermore, we obtain the new radius at which the acceleration due to the cosmological expansion has the same magnitude as the two-body attraction, and the classical critical radius is obtained when the Schwarzschild radius approaches zero (for example, the Solar System).
[ { "created": "Fri, 13 Sep 2013 16:40:07 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 19 Sep 2013 18:44:37 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 2 Oct 2013 18:13:27 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Sat, 30 Nov 2013 10:51:20 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2013-12-03
[ [ "Arenas", "Jose J.", "" ] ]
Frequently, the quantitative effect of the large-scale cosmological expansion on local systems is studied in the light of Newtonian approach, and the General Relativity Theory is neglected. We, however, analyze the influence of cosmological expansion on small systems in the light of Post-Newtonian approximation. The equations show the product Hc=6.99*10^-10 ms^-2, and it so happens that the magnitude of this acceleration is very close the apparently anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. Furthermore, we obtain the new radius at which the acceleration due to the cosmological expansion has the same magnitude as the two-body attraction, and the classical critical radius is obtained when the Schwarzschild radius approaches zero (for example, the Solar System).
1910.05908
Ratchaphat Nakarachinda
Pitayuth Wongjun, Chun-Hung Chen, and Ratchaphat Nakarachinda
Quasinormal modes of a massless Dirac field in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity
35 pages, 7 figures
Phys. Rev. D 101, 124033 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.101.124033
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The quasinormal modes of a massless Dirac field in the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity theory with asymptotically de Sitter spacetime are investigated using the Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The effective potential for the massless Dirac field due to the dRGT black hole is derived. It is found that the shape of the potential depends crucially on the structure of the graviton mass and the behavior of the quasinormal modes is controlled by the graviton mass parameters. Higher potentials give stronger damping of the quasinormal modes. We compare our results to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter case. Our numerical calculations are checked using Pad$\acute{e}$ approximation and found that the quasinormal mode frequencies converge to ones with reasonable accuracy.
[ { "created": "Mon, 14 Oct 2019 03:59:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 18 Jun 2020 06:51:29 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-06-19
[ [ "Wongjun", "Pitayuth", "" ], [ "Chen", "Chun-Hung", "" ], [ "Nakarachinda", "Ratchaphat", "" ] ]
The quasinormal modes of a massless Dirac field in the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity theory with asymptotically de Sitter spacetime are investigated using the Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The effective potential for the massless Dirac field due to the dRGT black hole is derived. It is found that the shape of the potential depends crucially on the structure of the graviton mass and the behavior of the quasinormal modes is controlled by the graviton mass parameters. Higher potentials give stronger damping of the quasinormal modes. We compare our results to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter case. Our numerical calculations are checked using Pad$\acute{e}$ approximation and found that the quasinormal mode frequencies converge to ones with reasonable accuracy.
1107.0242
S Habib Mazharimousavi
S. Habib Mazharimousavi, M. Halilsoy and T. Tahamtan
Regular charged black hole construction in 2+1 -dimensions
9 pages, 2 figures, final version for publication in Physics Letters A
Physics Letters A 376 (2012) 893
10.1016/j.physleta.2012.01.001
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It is well-known that unlike its chargeless version the charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole solution in 2+1- dimensional spacetime is singular. We construct a charged, regular extension of the BTZ black hole solution by employing nonlinear Born-Infeld electrodynamics, supplemented with the Hoffmann term and gluing different spacetimes. The role of the latter term is to divide spacetime in a natural way into two regions by a circle and eliminate the inner singularity. Thermodynamics of such a black hole is investigated by Kaluza-Klein reduction to the 1+1-dimensional dilaton gravity.
[ { "created": "Fri, 1 Jul 2011 14:51:10 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 3 Jan 2012 10:03:18 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2012-02-13
[ [ "Mazharimousavi", "S. Habib", "" ], [ "Halilsoy", "M.", "" ], [ "Tahamtan", "T.", "" ] ]
It is well-known that unlike its chargeless version the charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole solution in 2+1- dimensional spacetime is singular. We construct a charged, regular extension of the BTZ black hole solution by employing nonlinear Born-Infeld electrodynamics, supplemented with the Hoffmann term and gluing different spacetimes. The role of the latter term is to divide spacetime in a natural way into two regions by a circle and eliminate the inner singularity. Thermodynamics of such a black hole is investigated by Kaluza-Klein reduction to the 1+1-dimensional dilaton gravity.
gr-qc/9802029
Nivaldo A. Lemos
Flavio G. Alvarenga and Nivaldo A. Lemos
Dynamical Vacuum in Quantum Cosmology
Latex, 19 pages, to appear in Gen. Rel. Grav
Gen.Rel.Grav. 30 (1998) 681-694
10.1023/A:1018896900336
null
gr-qc
null
By regarding the vacuum as a perfect fluid with equation of state p=-rho, de Sitter's cosmological model is quantized. Our treatment differs from previous ones in that it endows the vacuum with dynamical degrees of freedom. Instead of being postulated from the start, the cosmological constant arises from the degrees of freedom of the vacuum regarded as a dynamical entity, and a time variable can be naturally introduced. Taking the scale factor as the sole degree of freedom of the gravitational field, stationary and wave-packet solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation are found. It turns out that states of the Universe with a definite value of the cosmological constant do not exist. For the wave packets investigated, quantum effects are noticeable only for small values of the scale factor, a classical regime being attained at asymptotically large times.
[ { "created": "Fri, 13 Feb 1998 17:55:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Alvarenga", "Flavio G.", "" ], [ "Lemos", "Nivaldo A.", "" ] ]
By regarding the vacuum as a perfect fluid with equation of state p=-rho, de Sitter's cosmological model is quantized. Our treatment differs from previous ones in that it endows the vacuum with dynamical degrees of freedom. Instead of being postulated from the start, the cosmological constant arises from the degrees of freedom of the vacuum regarded as a dynamical entity, and a time variable can be naturally introduced. Taking the scale factor as the sole degree of freedom of the gravitational field, stationary and wave-packet solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation are found. It turns out that states of the Universe with a definite value of the cosmological constant do not exist. For the wave packets investigated, quantum effects are noticeable only for small values of the scale factor, a classical regime being attained at asymptotically large times.
gr-qc/9602054
Neil Cornish
Neil J. Cornish
Time and Chaos in General Relativity
4 pages, RevTeX, 1 figure
null
null
CWRU-P14-95
gr-qc
null
The study of dynamics in general relativity has been hampered by a lack of coordinate independent measures of chaos. Here we present a variety of invariant measures for quantifying chaotic dynamics in relativity by exploiting the coordinate independence of fractal dimensions. We discuss how preferred choices of time naturally arise in chaotic systems and how the existence of invariant signals of chaos allow us to reinstate standard coordinate dependent measures. As an application, we study the Mixmaster universes and find it to exhibit transient soft chaos.
[ { "created": "Tue, 27 Feb 1996 19:11:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Cornish", "Neil J.", "" ] ]
The study of dynamics in general relativity has been hampered by a lack of coordinate independent measures of chaos. Here we present a variety of invariant measures for quantifying chaotic dynamics in relativity by exploiting the coordinate independence of fractal dimensions. We discuss how preferred choices of time naturally arise in chaotic systems and how the existence of invariant signals of chaos allow us to reinstate standard coordinate dependent measures. As an application, we study the Mixmaster universes and find it to exhibit transient soft chaos.
2006.01763
Kavoos Abbasi
Kavoos Abbasi, Shirvan Gharaati
A Tsallisian Universe
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we adopt the Verlinde hypothesis on the origin of gravity as the consequence of the tendency of systems to increase their entropy, and employ the Tsallis statistics. Thereinafter, modifications to the Newtonian second law of motion, its gravity and radial velocity profile are studied. In addition and in a classical framework, the corresponding cosmology and also its ability in describing the inflationary phases are investigated.
[ { "created": "Tue, 2 Jun 2020 16:42:57 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-06-03
[ [ "Abbasi", "Kavoos", "" ], [ "Gharaati", "Shirvan", "" ] ]
In this paper, we adopt the Verlinde hypothesis on the origin of gravity as the consequence of the tendency of systems to increase their entropy, and employ the Tsallis statistics. Thereinafter, modifications to the Newtonian second law of motion, its gravity and radial velocity profile are studied. In addition and in a classical framework, the corresponding cosmology and also its ability in describing the inflationary phases are investigated.
2203.05461
Atul Kedia
Atul Kedia, Hee Il Kim, In-Saeng Suh, Grant J. Mathews
Binary neutron star mergers as a probe of quark-hadron crossover equations of state
8 pages, 3 figures
Phys. Rev. D 106, 103027 (2022)
10.1103/PhysRevD.106.103027
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE nucl-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It is anticipated that the gravitational radiation detected in future gravitational wave (GW) detectors from binary neutron star (NS) mergers can probe the high-density equation of state (EOS). We perform the first simulations of binary NS mergers which adopt various parametrizations of the quark-hadron crossover (QHC) EOS. These are constructed from combinations of a hadronic EOS ($n_{b} < 2~n_0$) and a quark-matter EOS ($n_{b} >~5~n_0$), where $n_{b}$ and $n_0$ are the baryon number density and the nuclear saturation density, respectively. At the crossover densities ($2~ n_0 < n_{b} < 5~ n_0$) the QHC EOSs continuously soften, while remaining stiffer than hadronic and first-order phase transition EOSs, achieving the stiffness of strongly correlated quark matter. This enhanced stiffness leads to significantly longer lifetimes of the postmerger NS than that for a pure hadronic EOS. We find a dual nature of these EOSs such that their maximum chirp GW frequencies $f_{max}$ fall into the category of a soft EOS while the dominant peak frequencies ($f_{peak}$) of the postmerger stage fall in between that of a soft and stiff hadronic EOS. An observation of this kind of dual nature in the characteristic GW frequencies will provide crucial evidence for the existence of strongly interacting quark matter at the crossover densities for QCD.
[ { "created": "Thu, 10 Mar 2022 16:34:30 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 2 Nov 2022 21:53:10 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 22 Nov 2022 16:18:57 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2023-11-15
[ [ "Kedia", "Atul", "" ], [ "Kim", "Hee Il", "" ], [ "Suh", "In-Saeng", "" ], [ "Mathews", "Grant J.", "" ] ]
It is anticipated that the gravitational radiation detected in future gravitational wave (GW) detectors from binary neutron star (NS) mergers can probe the high-density equation of state (EOS). We perform the first simulations of binary NS mergers which adopt various parametrizations of the quark-hadron crossover (QHC) EOS. These are constructed from combinations of a hadronic EOS ($n_{b} < 2~n_0$) and a quark-matter EOS ($n_{b} >~5~n_0$), where $n_{b}$ and $n_0$ are the baryon number density and the nuclear saturation density, respectively. At the crossover densities ($2~ n_0 < n_{b} < 5~ n_0$) the QHC EOSs continuously soften, while remaining stiffer than hadronic and first-order phase transition EOSs, achieving the stiffness of strongly correlated quark matter. This enhanced stiffness leads to significantly longer lifetimes of the postmerger NS than that for a pure hadronic EOS. We find a dual nature of these EOSs such that their maximum chirp GW frequencies $f_{max}$ fall into the category of a soft EOS while the dominant peak frequencies ($f_{peak}$) of the postmerger stage fall in between that of a soft and stiff hadronic EOS. An observation of this kind of dual nature in the characteristic GW frequencies will provide crucial evidence for the existence of strongly interacting quark matter at the crossover densities for QCD.
1301.3927
Christopher Pope
G. W. Gibbons, A. H. Mujtaba and C. N. Pope
Ergoregions in Magnetised Black Hole Spacetimes
31 pages. Typos corrected, references added, discussion of asymptotic structure extended
null
null
DAMTP-2013-5, MIFPA-13-02
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The spacetimes obtained by Ernst's procedure for appending an external magnetic field $B$ to a seed Kerr-Newman black hole are commonly believed to be asymptotic to the static Melvin solution. We show that this is not in general true. Unless the electric charge of the black hole satisfies $Q= jB(1+ 1/4 j^2 B^4)$, where $j$ is the angular momentum of the original seed solution, an ergoregion extends all the way from the black hole horizon to infinity. We give a self-contained account of the solution-generating procedure, including including explicit formulae for the metric and the vector potential. In the case when $Q= jB(1+ 1/4 j^2 B^4)$, we show that there is an arbitrariness in the choice of asymptotically timelike Killing field $K_\Omega= \partial/\partial t+ \Omega \partial/\partial \phi$, because there is no canonical choice of $\Omega$. For one choice, $\Omega=\Omega_s$, the metric is asymptotically static, and there is an ergoregion confined to the neighbourhood of the horizon. On the other hand, by choosing $\Omega=\Omega_H$, so that $K_{\Omega_H}$ is co-rotating with the horizon, then for sufficiently large $B$ numerical studies indicate there is no ergoregion at all. For smaller values, in a range $B_-<B<B_+$, there is a toroidal ergoregion outside and disjoint from the horizon. If $B\le B_-$ this ergoregion expands all the way to infinity in a cylindrical region near to the rotation axis. For black holes whose size is small compared to the Melvin radius 2/B, we recover Wald's result that it is energetically favourable for the hole to acquire a charge $2jB$.
[ { "created": "Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:34:12 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 24 Apr 2013 14:18:58 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-04-25
[ [ "Gibbons", "G. W.", "" ], [ "Mujtaba", "A. H.", "" ], [ "Pope", "C. N.", "" ] ]
The spacetimes obtained by Ernst's procedure for appending an external magnetic field $B$ to a seed Kerr-Newman black hole are commonly believed to be asymptotic to the static Melvin solution. We show that this is not in general true. Unless the electric charge of the black hole satisfies $Q= jB(1+ 1/4 j^2 B^4)$, where $j$ is the angular momentum of the original seed solution, an ergoregion extends all the way from the black hole horizon to infinity. We give a self-contained account of the solution-generating procedure, including including explicit formulae for the metric and the vector potential. In the case when $Q= jB(1+ 1/4 j^2 B^4)$, we show that there is an arbitrariness in the choice of asymptotically timelike Killing field $K_\Omega= \partial/\partial t+ \Omega \partial/\partial \phi$, because there is no canonical choice of $\Omega$. For one choice, $\Omega=\Omega_s$, the metric is asymptotically static, and there is an ergoregion confined to the neighbourhood of the horizon. On the other hand, by choosing $\Omega=\Omega_H$, so that $K_{\Omega_H}$ is co-rotating with the horizon, then for sufficiently large $B$ numerical studies indicate there is no ergoregion at all. For smaller values, in a range $B_-<B<B_+$, there is a toroidal ergoregion outside and disjoint from the horizon. If $B\le B_-$ this ergoregion expands all the way to infinity in a cylindrical region near to the rotation axis. For black holes whose size is small compared to the Melvin radius 2/B, we recover Wald's result that it is energetically favourable for the hole to acquire a charge $2jB$.
gr-qc/9405004
Mark Trodden
R. Moessner and M. Trodden (Brown University)
Singularity-Free Two Dimensional Cosmologies
15 pages, uses LaTeX, 7 figures (available from the authors), significant changes to conformal matter section, more figures added
Phys.Rev.D51:2801-2807,1995
10.1103/PhysRevD.51.2801
BROWN-HET-942
gr-qc hep-th
null
We present a class of theories of two dimensional gravity which admits homogeneous and isotropic solutions that are nonsingular and asymptotically approach a FRW matter dominated universe at late times. These models are generalizations of two dimensional dilaton gravity and both vacuum solutions and those including conformally coupled matter are investigated. In each case our construction leads to an inflationary stage driven by the gravitational sector. Our work comprises a simple example of the `Nonsingular Universe' constructions of ref. [1].
[ { "created": "Mon, 2 May 1994 17:41:49 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 3 Nov 1994 18:36:25 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2011-07-19
[ [ "Moessner", "R.", "", "Brown University" ], [ "Trodden", "M.", "", "Brown University" ] ]
We present a class of theories of two dimensional gravity which admits homogeneous and isotropic solutions that are nonsingular and asymptotically approach a FRW matter dominated universe at late times. These models are generalizations of two dimensional dilaton gravity and both vacuum solutions and those including conformally coupled matter are investigated. In each case our construction leads to an inflationary stage driven by the gravitational sector. Our work comprises a simple example of the `Nonsingular Universe' constructions of ref. [1].
1512.03684
Edward Wilson-Ewing
Edward Wilson-Ewing
Anisotropic loop quantum cosmology with self-dual variables
16 pages, v2: Clarifications added, typos corrected
Phys. Rev. D 93, 083502 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.93.083502
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A loop quantization of the diagonal class A Bianchi models starting from the complex-valued self-dual connection variables is presented in this paper. The basic operators in the quantum theory correspond to areas and generalized holonomies of the Ashtekar connection and the reality conditions are implemented via the choice of the inner product on the kinematical Hilbert space. The action of the Hamiltonian constraint operator is given explicitly for the case when the matter content is a massless scalar field (in which case the scalar field can be used as a relational clock), and it is shown that the big-bang and big-crunch singularities are resolved in the sense that singular and non-singular states decouple under the action of the Hamiltonian constraint operator.
[ { "created": "Fri, 11 Dec 2015 15:54:26 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 30 Mar 2016 12:24:29 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-04-13
[ [ "Wilson-Ewing", "Edward", "" ] ]
A loop quantization of the diagonal class A Bianchi models starting from the complex-valued self-dual connection variables is presented in this paper. The basic operators in the quantum theory correspond to areas and generalized holonomies of the Ashtekar connection and the reality conditions are implemented via the choice of the inner product on the kinematical Hilbert space. The action of the Hamiltonian constraint operator is given explicitly for the case when the matter content is a massless scalar field (in which case the scalar field can be used as a relational clock), and it is shown that the big-bang and big-crunch singularities are resolved in the sense that singular and non-singular states decouple under the action of the Hamiltonian constraint operator.
1412.3991
Tommi Markkanen Ph.D.
Tommi Markkanen
Curvature induced running of the cosmological constant
4 pages. Version 2; minor changes, added references. Published version (PRD)
Phys. Rev. D 91, 124011; 2 June 2015
null
HIP-2014-36/TH
gr-qc hep-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this work we investigate the renormalization group flow of the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ induced by the change in space-time curvature in the electroweak vacuum. We calculate the generic magnitude resulting from running in the standard model in a subtraction scheme that respects the Appelquist-Carazzone decoupling theorem. Interestingly, we find in this prescription that for a non-minimal coupling $\xi\lesssim 10^4$ the magnitude of the generated contribution remains below the value consistent with observations.
[ { "created": "Fri, 12 Dec 2014 13:49:43 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 4 Jun 2015 17:36:31 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-06-05
[ [ "Markkanen", "Tommi", "" ] ]
In this work we investigate the renormalization group flow of the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ induced by the change in space-time curvature in the electroweak vacuum. We calculate the generic magnitude resulting from running in the standard model in a subtraction scheme that respects the Appelquist-Carazzone decoupling theorem. Interestingly, we find in this prescription that for a non-minimal coupling $\xi\lesssim 10^4$ the magnitude of the generated contribution remains below the value consistent with observations.
1308.3308
Tetsuya Shiromizu
Tetsuya Shiromizu, Sumio Yamada, Kentaro Tanabe
Quasi-local characteristics of dynamical extreme black holes
4pages
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Introducing the concept of the extreme trapping horizon, we discuss geometric features of dynamical extreme black holes in four dimensions and then derive the integral identities which hold for the dynamical extreme black holes. We address the causal/geometrical features too.
[ { "created": "Thu, 15 Aug 2013 05:26:59 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-08-16
[ [ "Shiromizu", "Tetsuya", "" ], [ "Yamada", "Sumio", "" ], [ "Tanabe", "Kentaro", "" ] ]
Introducing the concept of the extreme trapping horizon, we discuss geometric features of dynamical extreme black holes in four dimensions and then derive the integral identities which hold for the dynamical extreme black holes. We address the causal/geometrical features too.
gr-qc/0107010
Marc Lachi\`eze-Rey
M. Lachi\`eze-Rey (Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, France)
Space and Observers in Cosmology
21 pages, 6 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press
null
10.1051/0004-6361:20010952
CEA-00999
gr-qc
null
I provide a prescription to define space, at a given moment, for an arbitrary observer in an arbitrary (sufficiently regular) curved space-time. This prescription, based on synchronicity (simultaneity) arguments, defines a foliation of space-time, which corresponds to a family of canonically associated observers. It provides also a natural global reference frame (with space and time coordinates) for the observer, in space-time (or rather in the part of it which is causally connected to him), which remains Minkowskian along his world-line. This definition intends to provide a basis for the problem of quantization in curved space-time, and/or for non inertial observers. Application to Mikowski space-time illustrates clearly the fact that different observers see different spaces. It allows, for instance, to define space everywhere without ambiguity, for the Langevin observer (involved in the Langevin pseudoparadox of twins). Applied to the Rindler observer (with uniform acceleration) it leads to the Rindler coordinates, whose choice is so justified with a physical basis. This leads to an interpretation of the Unruh effect, as due to the observer's dependence of the definition of space (and time). This prescription is also applied in cosmology, for inertial observers in the Friedmann - Lemaitre models: space for the observer appears to differ from the hypersurfaces of homogeneity, which do not obey the simultaneity requirement. I work out two examples: the Einstein - de Sitter model, in which space, for an inertial observer, is not flat nor homogeneous, and the de Sitter case.
[ { "created": "Tue, 3 Jul 2001 14:33:59 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 31 Aug 2001 15:20:09 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-07
[ [ "Lachièze-Rey", "M.", "", "Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, France" ] ]
I provide a prescription to define space, at a given moment, for an arbitrary observer in an arbitrary (sufficiently regular) curved space-time. This prescription, based on synchronicity (simultaneity) arguments, defines a foliation of space-time, which corresponds to a family of canonically associated observers. It provides also a natural global reference frame (with space and time coordinates) for the observer, in space-time (or rather in the part of it which is causally connected to him), which remains Minkowskian along his world-line. This definition intends to provide a basis for the problem of quantization in curved space-time, and/or for non inertial observers. Application to Mikowski space-time illustrates clearly the fact that different observers see different spaces. It allows, for instance, to define space everywhere without ambiguity, for the Langevin observer (involved in the Langevin pseudoparadox of twins). Applied to the Rindler observer (with uniform acceleration) it leads to the Rindler coordinates, whose choice is so justified with a physical basis. This leads to an interpretation of the Unruh effect, as due to the observer's dependence of the definition of space (and time). This prescription is also applied in cosmology, for inertial observers in the Friedmann - Lemaitre models: space for the observer appears to differ from the hypersurfaces of homogeneity, which do not obey the simultaneity requirement. I work out two examples: the Einstein - de Sitter model, in which space, for an inertial observer, is not flat nor homogeneous, and the de Sitter case.
1406.0497
Chris Vuille Ph.D.
Chris Vuille, James Ipser, and Jeff Gallagher
Einstein-Proca Model, Micro Black Holes, and Naked Singularities
null
General Relativity and Gravitation, Volume 34, Number 5, May 2002, pp.689-696
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The Einstein-Proca equations, describing a spin-1 massive vector field in general relativity, are studied in the static, spherically-symmetric case. The Proca field equation is a highly nonlinear wave equation, but can be solved to good accuracy in perturbation theory, which should be very accurate for a wide range of mass scales. The resulting first order metric reduces to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution in the limit as the range parameter $\mu$ goes to zero. The additional terms in the $g_{00}$ metric are positive, as in Reissner-Nordstrom, in agreement with previous numerical solutions, and hence involve naked singularities.
[ { "created": "Sat, 31 May 2014 01:59:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-06-04
[ [ "Vuille", "Chris", "" ], [ "Ipser", "James", "" ], [ "Gallagher", "Jeff", "" ] ]
The Einstein-Proca equations, describing a spin-1 massive vector field in general relativity, are studied in the static, spherically-symmetric case. The Proca field equation is a highly nonlinear wave equation, but can be solved to good accuracy in perturbation theory, which should be very accurate for a wide range of mass scales. The resulting first order metric reduces to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution in the limit as the range parameter $\mu$ goes to zero. The additional terms in the $g_{00}$ metric are positive, as in Reissner-Nordstrom, in agreement with previous numerical solutions, and hence involve naked singularities.
1104.5002
Luca Fabbri
Luca Fabbri
Metric Solutions in Torsionless Gauge for Vacuum Conformal Gravity
11 pages
J.Math.Phys.54,062501,2013
10.1063/1.4808257
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In a recent paper we have established the form of the metric-torsional conformal gravitational field equations, and in the present paper we study their vacuum configurations; we will consider a specific situation that will enable us to look for the torsionless limit: two types of special exact solutions are found eventually. A discussion on general remarks will follow.
[ { "created": "Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:45:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 31 May 2013 15:48:20 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 10 Apr 2014 12:33:14 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2014-04-11
[ [ "Fabbri", "Luca", "" ] ]
In a recent paper we have established the form of the metric-torsional conformal gravitational field equations, and in the present paper we study their vacuum configurations; we will consider a specific situation that will enable us to look for the torsionless limit: two types of special exact solutions are found eventually. A discussion on general remarks will follow.
2112.07730
Todd Oliynyk
Florian Beyer and Todd A. Oliynyk
Localized big bang stability for the Einstein-scalar field equations
Final version; agrees with published article
Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 248, 3 (2024)
10.1007/s00205-023-01939-9
null
gr-qc math.AP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We prove the nonlinear stability in the contracting direction of Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) solutions to the Einstein-scalar field equations in $n\geq 3$ spacetime dimensions that are defined on spacetime manifolds of the form $(0,t_0]\times \mathbb{T}^{n-1}$, $t_0>0$. Stability is established under the assumption that the initial data is \textit{synchronized}, which means that on the initial hypersurface $\Sigma= \{t_0\}\times \mathbb{T}^{n-1}$ the scalar field $\tau= \exp\bigl(\sqrt{\frac{2(n-2)}{n-1}}\phi\bigr) $ is constant, that is, $\Sigma=\tau^{-1}(\{t_0\})$. As we show that all initial data sets that are sufficiently close to FRLW ones can be evolved via the Einstein-scalar field equation into new initial data sets that are \textit{synchronized}, no generality is lost by this assumption. By using $\tau$ as a time coordinate, we establish that the perturbed FLRW spacetime manifolds are of the form $M = \bigcup_{t\in (0,t_0]}\tau^{-1}(\{t\})\cong (0,t_0]\times \mathbb{T}^{n-1}$, the perturbed FLRW solutions are asymptotically pointwise Kasner as $\tau \searrow 0$, and a big bang singularity, characterised by the blow up of the scalar curvature, occurs at $\tau=0$. An important aspect of our past stability proof is that we use a hyperbolic gauge reduction of the Einstein-scalar field equations. As a consequence, all of the estimates used in the stability proof can be localized and we employ this property to establish a corresponding localized past stability result for the FLRW solutions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 14 Dec 2021 20:18:57 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 22 Oct 2022 02:00:36 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 15 Jan 2024 21:13:42 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2024-01-17
[ [ "Beyer", "Florian", "" ], [ "Oliynyk", "Todd A.", "" ] ]
We prove the nonlinear stability in the contracting direction of Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) solutions to the Einstein-scalar field equations in $n\geq 3$ spacetime dimensions that are defined on spacetime manifolds of the form $(0,t_0]\times \mathbb{T}^{n-1}$, $t_0>0$. Stability is established under the assumption that the initial data is \textit{synchronized}, which means that on the initial hypersurface $\Sigma= \{t_0\}\times \mathbb{T}^{n-1}$ the scalar field $\tau= \exp\bigl(\sqrt{\frac{2(n-2)}{n-1}}\phi\bigr) $ is constant, that is, $\Sigma=\tau^{-1}(\{t_0\})$. As we show that all initial data sets that are sufficiently close to FRLW ones can be evolved via the Einstein-scalar field equation into new initial data sets that are \textit{synchronized}, no generality is lost by this assumption. By using $\tau$ as a time coordinate, we establish that the perturbed FLRW spacetime manifolds are of the form $M = \bigcup_{t\in (0,t_0]}\tau^{-1}(\{t\})\cong (0,t_0]\times \mathbb{T}^{n-1}$, the perturbed FLRW solutions are asymptotically pointwise Kasner as $\tau \searrow 0$, and a big bang singularity, characterised by the blow up of the scalar curvature, occurs at $\tau=0$. An important aspect of our past stability proof is that we use a hyperbolic gauge reduction of the Einstein-scalar field equations. As a consequence, all of the estimates used in the stability proof can be localized and we employ this property to establish a corresponding localized past stability result for the FLRW solutions.
1006.1614
Theo Verwimp
Theo Verwimp
Anti-de Sitter gauge theory for gravity
36 pages;typos corrected on page 18 eqs (5.20)&(5.23)
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
First a review is given of Riemann-Cartan space-time and Einstein-Cartan gravity. This gives us the necessary tools to handle the SO(2,3) Yang-Mills gauge theory for gravity. New here is the derivation of the conservation laws. Finally possible solutions of the field equations are discussed. They depend on the scale of the de Sitter length. Solutions to the anti-de Sitter field equations are given in the case of a Schwarzschild and FRW-geometry.
[ { "created": "Tue, 8 Jun 2010 17:08:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 14 Dec 2017 14:05:17 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 14 Jun 2021 15:03:05 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Fri, 8 Oct 2021 11:06:59 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2021-10-11
[ [ "Verwimp", "Theo", "" ] ]
First a review is given of Riemann-Cartan space-time and Einstein-Cartan gravity. This gives us the necessary tools to handle the SO(2,3) Yang-Mills gauge theory for gravity. New here is the derivation of the conservation laws. Finally possible solutions of the field equations are discussed. They depend on the scale of the de Sitter length. Solutions to the anti-de Sitter field equations are given in the case of a Schwarzschild and FRW-geometry.
1605.00764
Hang Liu
Hang Liu, Xin-he Meng, Wei Xu and Bin Zhu
Universal entropy relations: entropy formulae and entropy bound
null
Europhys.Lett. 119 (2017) no.2, 20003
10.1209/0295-5075/119/20003
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We survey the applications of universal entropy relations in black holes with multi-horizons. In sharp distinction to conventional entropy product, the entropy relationship here not only improve our understanding of black hole entropy but was introduced as an elegant technique trick for handling various entropy bounds and sum. Despite the primarily technique role, entropy relations have provided considerable insight into several different types of gravity, including massive gravity, Einstein-Dilaton gravity and Horava-Lifshitz gravity. We present and discuss the results for each one.
[ { "created": "Tue, 3 May 2016 07:26:56 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-10-09
[ [ "Liu", "Hang", "" ], [ "Meng", "Xin-he", "" ], [ "Xu", "Wei", "" ], [ "Zhu", "Bin", "" ] ]
We survey the applications of universal entropy relations in black holes with multi-horizons. In sharp distinction to conventional entropy product, the entropy relationship here not only improve our understanding of black hole entropy but was introduced as an elegant technique trick for handling various entropy bounds and sum. Despite the primarily technique role, entropy relations have provided considerable insight into several different types of gravity, including massive gravity, Einstein-Dilaton gravity and Horava-Lifshitz gravity. We present and discuss the results for each one.
1203.2471
Alan D. Rendall
Ho Lee and Alan D. Rendall
The Einstein-Boltzmann system and positivity
24 pages
null
null
AEI-2012-022
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The Einstein-Boltzmann system is studied, with particular attention to the non-negativity of the solution of the Boltzmann equation. A new parametrization of post-collisional momenta in general relativity is introduced and then used to simplify the conditions on the collision cross-section given by Bancel and Choquet-Bruhat. The non-negativity of solutions of the Boltzmann equation on a given curved spacetime has been studied by Bichteler and by Tadmon. By examining to what extent the results of these authors apply in the framework of Bancel and Choquet-Bruhat, the non-negativity problem for the Einstein-Boltzmann system is resolved for a certain class of scattering kernels. It is emphasized that it is a challenge to extend the existing theory of the Cauchy problem for the Einstein-Boltzmann system so as to include scattering kernels which are physically well-motivated.
[ { "created": "Mon, 12 Mar 2012 12:30:59 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2012-03-13
[ [ "Lee", "Ho", "" ], [ "Rendall", "Alan D.", "" ] ]
The Einstein-Boltzmann system is studied, with particular attention to the non-negativity of the solution of the Boltzmann equation. A new parametrization of post-collisional momenta in general relativity is introduced and then used to simplify the conditions on the collision cross-section given by Bancel and Choquet-Bruhat. The non-negativity of solutions of the Boltzmann equation on a given curved spacetime has been studied by Bichteler and by Tadmon. By examining to what extent the results of these authors apply in the framework of Bancel and Choquet-Bruhat, the non-negativity problem for the Einstein-Boltzmann system is resolved for a certain class of scattering kernels. It is emphasized that it is a challenge to extend the existing theory of the Cauchy problem for the Einstein-Boltzmann system so as to include scattering kernels which are physically well-motivated.
1704.07713
Bobir Toshmatov
Zden\v{e}k Stuchl\'ik, Jan Schee, Bobir Toshmatov, Jan Hlad\'ik, Jan Novotn\'y
Gravitational instability of polytropic spheres containing region of trapped null geodesics: a possible explanation of central supermassive black holes in galactic halos
28 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
JCAP 06 (2017) 056
10.1088/1475-7516/2017/06/056
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study behaviour of gravitational waves in the recently introduced general relativistic polytropic spheres containing a region of trapped null geodesics extended around radius of the stable null circular geodesic that can exist for the polytropic index $N>2.138$ and the relativistic parameter, giving ratio of the central pressure $p_\mathrm{c}$ to the central energy density $\rho_\mathrm{c}$, higher than $\sigma = 0.677$. In the trapping zones of such polytropes, the effective potential of the axial gravitational wave perturbations resembles those related to the ultracompact uniform density objects, giving thus similar long-lived axial gravitational modes. These long-lived linear perturbations are related to the stable circular null geodesic and due to additional non-linear phenomena could lead to conversion of the trapping zone to a black hole. We give in the eikonal limit examples of the long-lived gravitational modes, their oscillatory frequencies and slow damping rates, for the trapping zones of the polytropes with $N \in (2.138,4)$. However, in the trapping polytropes the long-lived damped modes exist only for very large values of the multipole number $\ell>50$, while for smaller values of $\ell$ the numerical calculations indicate existence of fast growing unstable axial gravitational modes. We demonstrate that for polytropes with $N \geq 3.78$, the trapping region is by many orders smaller than extension of the polytrope, and the mass contained in the trapping zone is about $10^{-3}$ of the total mass of the polytrope. Therefore, the gravitational instability of such trapping zones could serve as a model explaining creation of central supermassive black holes in galactic halos or galaxy clusters.
[ { "created": "Tue, 25 Apr 2017 14:31:24 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 3 Jul 2017 05:02:43 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-07-04
[ [ "Stuchlík", "Zdeněk", "" ], [ "Schee", "Jan", "" ], [ "Toshmatov", "Bobir", "" ], [ "Hladík", "Jan", "" ], [ "Novotný", "Jan", "" ] ]
We study behaviour of gravitational waves in the recently introduced general relativistic polytropic spheres containing a region of trapped null geodesics extended around radius of the stable null circular geodesic that can exist for the polytropic index $N>2.138$ and the relativistic parameter, giving ratio of the central pressure $p_\mathrm{c}$ to the central energy density $\rho_\mathrm{c}$, higher than $\sigma = 0.677$. In the trapping zones of such polytropes, the effective potential of the axial gravitational wave perturbations resembles those related to the ultracompact uniform density objects, giving thus similar long-lived axial gravitational modes. These long-lived linear perturbations are related to the stable circular null geodesic and due to additional non-linear phenomena could lead to conversion of the trapping zone to a black hole. We give in the eikonal limit examples of the long-lived gravitational modes, their oscillatory frequencies and slow damping rates, for the trapping zones of the polytropes with $N \in (2.138,4)$. However, in the trapping polytropes the long-lived damped modes exist only for very large values of the multipole number $\ell>50$, while for smaller values of $\ell$ the numerical calculations indicate existence of fast growing unstable axial gravitational modes. We demonstrate that for polytropes with $N \geq 3.78$, the trapping region is by many orders smaller than extension of the polytrope, and the mass contained in the trapping zone is about $10^{-3}$ of the total mass of the polytrope. Therefore, the gravitational instability of such trapping zones could serve as a model explaining creation of central supermassive black holes in galactic halos or galaxy clusters.
2211.08159
Sahazada Aziz
Sahazada Aziz, Sohan Kumar Jha and Anisur Rahaman
The inflationary scenario in the $f(R)$ gravity model with a $R^4$ term
Published version; 14 pages, 7 figures
2021 Class. Quantum Grav. 38 225008
10.1088/1361-6382/ac2dd0
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the cosmic inflation scenario of a specific $f(R)$ model that contains more than one higher-order term in $R$. The $f(R)$ considered here has the terms $R^2$, $R^3$, and $R^4$ along with the linear term. A rigorous investigation has been carried out in the presence of these higher-order terms to figure out whether it leads to a physically sensible cosmic inflationary model. We examine in detail, subject to which conditions this $f(R)$ model renders a viable inflationary scenario, and it has been found that the outcomes of our study agree well with the recent PLANCK results.
[ { "created": "Tue, 15 Nov 2022 14:12:01 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-11-16
[ [ "Aziz", "Sahazada", "" ], [ "Jha", "Sohan Kumar", "" ], [ "Rahaman", "Anisur", "" ] ]
We investigate the cosmic inflation scenario of a specific $f(R)$ model that contains more than one higher-order term in $R$. The $f(R)$ considered here has the terms $R^2$, $R^3$, and $R^4$ along with the linear term. A rigorous investigation has been carried out in the presence of these higher-order terms to figure out whether it leads to a physically sensible cosmic inflationary model. We examine in detail, subject to which conditions this $f(R)$ model renders a viable inflationary scenario, and it has been found that the outcomes of our study agree well with the recent PLANCK results.
gr-qc/9908046
Andrei V. Frolov
Andrei V. Frolov
Continuous Self-Similarity Breaking in Critical Collapse
RevTeX 3.1, 28 pages, 5 figures; discussion rewritten to clarify several issues
Phys.Rev. D61 (2000) 084006
10.1103/PhysRevD.61.084006
null
gr-qc
null
This paper studies near-critical evolution of the spherically symmetric scalar field configurations close to the continuously self-similar solution. Using analytic perturbative methods, it is shown that a generic growing perturbation departs from the critical Roberts solution in a universal way. We argue that in the course of its evolution, initial continuous self-similarity of the background is broken into discrete self-similarity with echoing period $\Delta = \sqrt{2}\pi = 4.44$, reproducing the symmetries of the critical Choptuik solution.
[ { "created": "Mon, 16 Aug 1999 23:20:14 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 24 Dec 1999 03:17:00 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-10-31
[ [ "Frolov", "Andrei V.", "" ] ]
This paper studies near-critical evolution of the spherically symmetric scalar field configurations close to the continuously self-similar solution. Using analytic perturbative methods, it is shown that a generic growing perturbation departs from the critical Roberts solution in a universal way. We argue that in the course of its evolution, initial continuous self-similarity of the background is broken into discrete self-similarity with echoing period $\Delta = \sqrt{2}\pi = 4.44$, reproducing the symmetries of the critical Choptuik solution.
1004.4007
Vitor Cardoso
C. Molina, Paolo Pani, Vitor Cardoso, Leonardo Gualtieri
Gravitational signature of Schwarzschild black holes in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity
RevTex4, 12 pages, 8 figures, 3 Tables. v2: minor typos corrected and references added. Published version
Phys.Rev.D81:124021,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.81.124021
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Dynamical Chern-Simons gravity is an extension of General Relativity in which the gravitational field is coupled to a scalar field through a parity-violating Chern-Simons term. In this framework, we study perturbations of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes, assuming that the background scalar field vanishes. Our results suggest that these spacetimes are stable, and small perturbations die away as a ringdown. However, in contrast to standard General Relativity, the gravitational waveforms are also driven by the scalar field. Thus, the gravitational oscillation modes of black holes carry imprints of the coupling to the scalar field. This is a smoking gun for Chern-Simons theory and could be tested with gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO or LISA. For negative values of the coupling constant, ghosts are known to arise, and we explicitly verify their appearance numerically. Our results are validated using both time evolution and frequency domain methods.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Apr 2010 20:07:28 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 9 Jun 2010 01:11:33 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-12-04
[ [ "Molina", "C.", "" ], [ "Pani", "Paolo", "" ], [ "Cardoso", "Vitor", "" ], [ "Gualtieri", "Leonardo", "" ] ]
Dynamical Chern-Simons gravity is an extension of General Relativity in which the gravitational field is coupled to a scalar field through a parity-violating Chern-Simons term. In this framework, we study perturbations of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes, assuming that the background scalar field vanishes. Our results suggest that these spacetimes are stable, and small perturbations die away as a ringdown. However, in contrast to standard General Relativity, the gravitational waveforms are also driven by the scalar field. Thus, the gravitational oscillation modes of black holes carry imprints of the coupling to the scalar field. This is a smoking gun for Chern-Simons theory and could be tested with gravitational-wave detectors, such as LIGO or LISA. For negative values of the coupling constant, ghosts are known to arise, and we explicitly verify their appearance numerically. Our results are validated using both time evolution and frequency domain methods.
1804.01941
Grigorios Fournodavlos
Grigorios Fournodavlos, Jan Sbierski
Generic blow-up results for the wave equation in the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole
Minor improvements, version accepted for publication
null
10.1007/s00205-019-01434-0
null
gr-qc math.AP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the behaviour of smooth solutions to the wave equation, $\square_g\psi=0$, in the interior of a fixed Schwarzschild black hole. In particular, we obtain a full asymptotic expansion for all solutions towards $r=0$ and show that it is characterised by its first two leading terms, the principal logarithmic term and a bounded second order term. Moreover, we characterise an open set of initial data for which the corresponding solutions blow up logarithmically on the entirety of the singular hypersurface $\{r=0\}$. Our method is based on deriving weighted energy estimates in physical space and requires no symmetries of solutions. However, a key ingredient in our argument uses a precise analysis of the spherically symmetric part of the solution and a monotonicity property of spherically symmetric solutions in the interior.
[ { "created": "Thu, 5 Apr 2018 16:31:03 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 17 Jul 2019 14:33:41 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-09-04
[ [ "Fournodavlos", "Grigorios", "" ], [ "Sbierski", "Jan", "" ] ]
We study the behaviour of smooth solutions to the wave equation, $\square_g\psi=0$, in the interior of a fixed Schwarzschild black hole. In particular, we obtain a full asymptotic expansion for all solutions towards $r=0$ and show that it is characterised by its first two leading terms, the principal logarithmic term and a bounded second order term. Moreover, we characterise an open set of initial data for which the corresponding solutions blow up logarithmically on the entirety of the singular hypersurface $\{r=0\}$. Our method is based on deriving weighted energy estimates in physical space and requires no symmetries of solutions. However, a key ingredient in our argument uses a precise analysis of the spherically symmetric part of the solution and a monotonicity property of spherically symmetric solutions in the interior.
gr-qc/0312048
Merced Montesinos
Mauricio Mondragon and Merced Montesinos
Covariant description of parametrized nonrelativistic Hamiltonian systems
15 pages, latex file. corrected typos, minor changes done to match published version
Int.J.Mod.Phys. A19 (2004) 2473-2493
10.1142/S0217751X04018063
null
gr-qc hep-th physics.class-ph
null
The various phase spaces involved in the dynamics of parametrized nonrelativistic Hamiltonian systems are displayed by using Crnkovic and Witten's covariant canonical formalism. It is also pointed out that in Dirac's canonical formalism there exists a freedom in the choice of the symplectic structure on the extended phase space and in the choice of the equations that define the constraint surface with the only restriction that these two choices combine in such a way that any pair (of these two choices) generates the same gauge transformation. The consequence of this freedom on the algebra of observables is also discussed.
[ { "created": "Mon, 8 Dec 2003 23:09:26 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 9 Dec 2003 22:50:50 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 30 Jan 2006 22:46:11 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Mondragon", "Mauricio", "" ], [ "Montesinos", "Merced", "" ] ]
The various phase spaces involved in the dynamics of parametrized nonrelativistic Hamiltonian systems are displayed by using Crnkovic and Witten's covariant canonical formalism. It is also pointed out that in Dirac's canonical formalism there exists a freedom in the choice of the symplectic structure on the extended phase space and in the choice of the equations that define the constraint surface with the only restriction that these two choices combine in such a way that any pair (of these two choices) generates the same gauge transformation. The consequence of this freedom on the algebra of observables is also discussed.
0909.4500
Willians Barreto
W. Barreto (ULA), L. Castillo (UDO) and E. Barrios (ULA)
Central equation of state in spherical characteristic evolutions
4 pages; to appear in Physical Review D
Phys.Rev.D80:084007,2009
10.1103/PhysRevD.80.084007
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the evolution of a perfect--fluid sphere coupled to a scalar radiation field. By ensuring a Ricci invariant regularity as a conformally flat spacetime at the central world line we find that the fluid coupled to the scalar field satisfies the equation of state $\rho_c+3p_c=$ constant at the center of the sphere, where the energy $\rho_c$ density and the pressure $p_c$ do not necessarily contain the scalar field contribution. The fluid can be interpreted as anisotropic and radiant because of the scalar field, but it becomes perfect and non radiative at the center of the sphere. These results are being currently considered to build up a numerical relativistic hydrodynamic solver.
[ { "created": "Thu, 24 Sep 2009 17:04:59 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-05-12
[ [ "Barreto", "W.", "", "ULA" ], [ "Castillo", "L.", "", "UDO" ], [ "Barrios", "E.", "", "ULA" ] ]
We study the evolution of a perfect--fluid sphere coupled to a scalar radiation field. By ensuring a Ricci invariant regularity as a conformally flat spacetime at the central world line we find that the fluid coupled to the scalar field satisfies the equation of state $\rho_c+3p_c=$ constant at the center of the sphere, where the energy $\rho_c$ density and the pressure $p_c$ do not necessarily contain the scalar field contribution. The fluid can be interpreted as anisotropic and radiant because of the scalar field, but it becomes perfect and non radiative at the center of the sphere. These results are being currently considered to build up a numerical relativistic hydrodynamic solver.
0905.1984
Mauricio Bellini
Mariano Anabitarte, Mauricio Bellini, Jose Edgar Madriz Aguilar
Scale invariant scalar metric fluctuations during inflation: non-perturbative formalism from a 5D vacuum
final version to be published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Eur.Phys.J.C65:295-301,2010
10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1180-2
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We extend to 5D an approach of a 4D non-perturbative formalism to study scalar metric fluctuations of a 5D Riemann-flat de Sitter background metric. In contrast with the results obtained in 4D, the spectrum of cosmological scalar metric fluctuations during inflation can be scale invariant and the background inflaton field can take sub-Planckian values.
[ { "created": "Tue, 12 May 2009 23:19:12 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 28 Sep 2009 11:57:55 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 27 Oct 2009 17:39:11 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2014-11-18
[ [ "Anabitarte", "Mariano", "" ], [ "Bellini", "Mauricio", "" ], [ "Aguilar", "Jose Edgar Madriz", "" ] ]
We extend to 5D an approach of a 4D non-perturbative formalism to study scalar metric fluctuations of a 5D Riemann-flat de Sitter background metric. In contrast with the results obtained in 4D, the spectrum of cosmological scalar metric fluctuations during inflation can be scale invariant and the background inflaton field can take sub-Planckian values.
2104.09007
Vladimir Dergachev Ph.D.
Vladimir Dergachev and Maria Alessandra Papa
The search for continuous gravitational waves from small-ellipticity sources at low frequencies
6 pages, comments welcome
Phys. Rev. D 104, 043003 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevD.104.043003
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present the results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational wave signals with frequencies in the 20-500 Hz range from neutron stars with ellipticity of 1e-8. This frequency region is particularly hard to probe because of the quadratic dependence of signal strength on frequency. The search employs the Falcon analysis pipeline on LIGO O2 public data. Compared to previous Falcon analyses the coherence length has been quadrupled, with a corresponding increase in sensitivity. This enables us to search for small ellipticity neutron stars in this low frequency region up to 44 pc away. The frequency derivative range is up to 3e-13 Hz/s easily accommodating sources with ellipticities of 1e-7 and a corresponding factor of 10 increase in reach. New outliers are found, many of which we are unable to associate with any instrumental cause.
[ { "created": "Mon, 19 Apr 2021 01:50:59 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 20 Jul 2021 00:09:04 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-08-11
[ [ "Dergachev", "Vladimir", "" ], [ "Papa", "Maria Alessandra", "" ] ]
We present the results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational wave signals with frequencies in the 20-500 Hz range from neutron stars with ellipticity of 1e-8. This frequency region is particularly hard to probe because of the quadratic dependence of signal strength on frequency. The search employs the Falcon analysis pipeline on LIGO O2 public data. Compared to previous Falcon analyses the coherence length has been quadrupled, with a corresponding increase in sensitivity. This enables us to search for small ellipticity neutron stars in this low frequency region up to 44 pc away. The frequency derivative range is up to 3e-13 Hz/s easily accommodating sources with ellipticities of 1e-7 and a corresponding factor of 10 increase in reach. New outliers are found, many of which we are unable to associate with any instrumental cause.
2304.08584
Marcelo E. Rubio
Pablo Montes, Marcelo E. Rubio and Oscar A. Reula
Numerical simulations of divergence-type theories for conformal dissipative fluids
22 pages, 14 figures
Phys. Rev. D 107, 103041 (2023)
10.1103/PhysRevD.107.103041
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We present the first numerical simulations of the symmetric--hyperbolic theory for conformal dissipative relativistic fluids developed in [1]. In this theory, the information of the fluid dynamics is encoded in a scalar generating function which depends on three free parameters. By adapting the WENO-Z high-resolution shock-capturing central scheme, we show numerical solutions restricted to planar symmetry in Minkowski spacetime, from two qualitatively different initial data: a smooth bump and a discontinuous step. We perform a detailed exploration of the effect of the different parameters of the theory, and numerically assess the constitutive relations associated with the shear viscosity by analyzing the entropy production rate when shocks are produced.
[ { "created": "Mon, 17 Apr 2023 19:57:00 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-05-26
[ [ "Montes", "Pablo", "" ], [ "Rubio", "Marcelo E.", "" ], [ "Reula", "Oscar A.", "" ] ]
We present the first numerical simulations of the symmetric--hyperbolic theory for conformal dissipative relativistic fluids developed in [1]. In this theory, the information of the fluid dynamics is encoded in a scalar generating function which depends on three free parameters. By adapting the WENO-Z high-resolution shock-capturing central scheme, we show numerical solutions restricted to planar symmetry in Minkowski spacetime, from two qualitatively different initial data: a smooth bump and a discontinuous step. We perform a detailed exploration of the effect of the different parameters of the theory, and numerically assess the constitutive relations associated with the shear viscosity by analyzing the entropy production rate when shocks are produced.
1503.07413
Saira Waheed
Saira Waheed, M. Zubair
Energy Constraints and $F(T,T_{G})$ Cosmology
24 pages, 11 figures
null
10.1007/s10509-015-2438-9
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The present paper is elaborated to discuss the energy condition bounds in a modified teleparallel gravity namely $F(T,T_{G})$, involving torsion invariant $T$ and contribution from a term $T_G$, the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term. For this purpose, we consider flat FRW universe with matter contents as perfect fluid. We formulate the SEC, NEC, WEC and DEC in terms of some cosmic parameters including Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. By taking two interesting models for $F(T,T_{G})$ and some recent limits of these cosmic parameters, we explore the constraints on the free parameters present in both assumed models. We also discuss these constraints graphically in terms of cosmic time by taking power law cosmology into account.
[ { "created": "Thu, 19 Mar 2015 07:33:09 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-09-23
[ [ "Waheed", "Saira", "" ], [ "Zubair", "M.", "" ] ]
The present paper is elaborated to discuss the energy condition bounds in a modified teleparallel gravity namely $F(T,T_{G})$, involving torsion invariant $T$ and contribution from a term $T_G$, the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term. For this purpose, we consider flat FRW universe with matter contents as perfect fluid. We formulate the SEC, NEC, WEC and DEC in terms of some cosmic parameters including Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. By taking two interesting models for $F(T,T_{G})$ and some recent limits of these cosmic parameters, we explore the constraints on the free parameters present in both assumed models. We also discuss these constraints graphically in terms of cosmic time by taking power law cosmology into account.
gr-qc/0405134
Shinya Tomizawa
Shinya Tomizawa, Yuki Uchida and Tetsuya Shiromizu
Twist of stationary black hole/ring in five dimensions
5 pages, 1 figure, reference added
Phys.Rev. D70 (2004) 064020
10.1103/PhysRevD.70.064020
null
gr-qc
null
It is unlikely that uniqueness theorem holds for stationary black holes in higher dimensional spacetimes. However, we will examine the possibility that the higher multipole moments classify vacuum solutions uniquely. Especially, we compute the potentials associated with rotational Killing vectors and look at the dependence on the total mass M and angular momentum J. Consequently, there is a potential $\sigma$ which we cannot write down in terms of integer power of M and J explicitly. This may be regarded as an evidence for the uniqueness using multipole moments generated by $\sigma$.
[ { "created": "Thu, 27 May 2004 02:56:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 31 May 2004 05:21:59 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Tomizawa", "Shinya", "" ], [ "Uchida", "Yuki", "" ], [ "Shiromizu", "Tetsuya", "" ] ]
It is unlikely that uniqueness theorem holds for stationary black holes in higher dimensional spacetimes. However, we will examine the possibility that the higher multipole moments classify vacuum solutions uniquely. Especially, we compute the potentials associated with rotational Killing vectors and look at the dependence on the total mass M and angular momentum J. Consequently, there is a potential $\sigma$ which we cannot write down in terms of integer power of M and J explicitly. This may be regarded as an evidence for the uniqueness using multipole moments generated by $\sigma$.
2104.13761
Muhammad Zaeem-Ul-Haq Bhatti
M. Z. Bhatti, Z. Yousaf, Z. Tariq
Role of Structure Scalars on the evolution of Compact Objects in Palatini $f(R)$ Gravity
33 pages, version accepted for publications in Chinese Journal of Physics
Chin. J. Phys. 72, 18 (2021)
10.1016/j.cjph.2021.04.019
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The utmost concern of this article is the construction of modified scalar functions (structure scalars) by taking Palatini $f(R)$ gravitational theory into account. At first, a general formalism is established in which we assess gravitational stellar equations by putting into use the Palatini's technique. Later, from the perspective of tilted observer, we Lorentz boosted the components of energy-momentum tensor using relative velocity $\omega$. To examine the physical as well as mathematical aspects of the fluid source, we carry out a detailed analysis of kinematical variables by evaluating shear tensor and scalar, four-acceleration and expansion scalar. For the fluid content inside our spherical star, we inferred the mass function (geometric mass) and the active gravitational mass. Raychaudhuri equation, Bianchi identities in addition to few other equations are worked out to discern the structure formation and analyze the object's evolutionary stages. The Riemann tensor is then broken up orthogonally to set up few scalar functions connected with fundamental physical characteristics of the fluid source like energy density, effects of tidal forces and anisotropic stresses etc.
[ { "created": "Tue, 27 Apr 2021 09:59:08 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-09-02
[ [ "Bhatti", "M. Z.", "" ], [ "Yousaf", "Z.", "" ], [ "Tariq", "Z.", "" ] ]
The utmost concern of this article is the construction of modified scalar functions (structure scalars) by taking Palatini $f(R)$ gravitational theory into account. At first, a general formalism is established in which we assess gravitational stellar equations by putting into use the Palatini's technique. Later, from the perspective of tilted observer, we Lorentz boosted the components of energy-momentum tensor using relative velocity $\omega$. To examine the physical as well as mathematical aspects of the fluid source, we carry out a detailed analysis of kinematical variables by evaluating shear tensor and scalar, four-acceleration and expansion scalar. For the fluid content inside our spherical star, we inferred the mass function (geometric mass) and the active gravitational mass. Raychaudhuri equation, Bianchi identities in addition to few other equations are worked out to discern the structure formation and analyze the object's evolutionary stages. The Riemann tensor is then broken up orthogonally to set up few scalar functions connected with fundamental physical characteristics of the fluid source like energy density, effects of tidal forces and anisotropic stresses etc.
gr-qc/0508081
Frank B. Estabrook
Frank B. Estabrook
Conservation laws for vacuum tetrad gravity
Final version with additional references
Class.Quant.Grav.23:2841-2848,2006
10.1088/0264-9381/23/9/005
null
gr-qc
null
Ten conservation laws in useful polynomial form are derived from a Cartan form and Exterior Differential System (EDS) for the tetrad equations of vacuum relativity. The Noether construction of conservation laws for well posed EDS is introduced first, and an illustration given, deriving 15 conservation laws of the free field Maxwell Equations from symmetries of its EDS. The Maxwell EDS and tetrad gravity EDS have parallel structures, with their numbers of dependent variables, numbers of generating 2-forms and generating 3-forms, and Cartan character tables all in the ratio of 1 to 4. They have 10 corresponding symmetries with the same Lorentz algebra, and 10 corresponding conservation laws.
[ { "created": "Sat, 20 Aug 2005 00:01:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 27 Sep 2005 20:38:49 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 3 Apr 2006 18:27:51 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2014-11-17
[ [ "Estabrook", "Frank B.", "" ] ]
Ten conservation laws in useful polynomial form are derived from a Cartan form and Exterior Differential System (EDS) for the tetrad equations of vacuum relativity. The Noether construction of conservation laws for well posed EDS is introduced first, and an illustration given, deriving 15 conservation laws of the free field Maxwell Equations from symmetries of its EDS. The Maxwell EDS and tetrad gravity EDS have parallel structures, with their numbers of dependent variables, numbers of generating 2-forms and generating 3-forms, and Cartan character tables all in the ratio of 1 to 4. They have 10 corresponding symmetries with the same Lorentz algebra, and 10 corresponding conservation laws.
gr-qc/0504008
Vladimir Dzhunushaliev
Vladimir Dzhunushaliev and Ratbay Myrzakulov
Physical singularity in the regular spacetime and fundamental length
changes in the text
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, Vol. 16, 755-761 (2007)
10.1142/S0218271807008638
IC/IR/2005/009
gr-qc hep-th
null
It is shown that formally regular solutions in 5D Kaluza-Klein gravity have singularities. This phenomenon is connected with the existence of a minimal length in nature. The calculation of the derivative of the $G_{55}$ metric component leads to the appearance of the Dirac's $\delta-$function. In this case the Ricci scalar becomes singular since there is a square of this derivative.
[ { "created": "Sat, 2 Apr 2005 04:12:01 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 25 Jun 2005 11:46:13 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 7 Jun 2007 03:54:17 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2009-11-11
[ [ "Dzhunushaliev", "Vladimir", "" ], [ "Myrzakulov", "Ratbay", "" ] ]
It is shown that formally regular solutions in 5D Kaluza-Klein gravity have singularities. This phenomenon is connected with the existence of a minimal length in nature. The calculation of the derivative of the $G_{55}$ metric component leads to the appearance of the Dirac's $\delta-$function. In this case the Ricci scalar becomes singular since there is a square of this derivative.
1002.4488
Sergey Pavluchenko
I.V. Kirnos, S.A. Pavluchenko, A.V. Toporensky
New features of flat (4+1)-dimensional cosmological model with a perfect fluid in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; v2 minor corrections, conclusions unchanged
Grav.Cosmol.16:274-282,2010
10.1134/S0202289310040043
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigated a flat multidimensional cosmological model in Gauss-Bonnet gravity in presence of a matter in form of perfect fluid. We found analytically new stationary regimes (these results are valid for arbitrary number of spatial dimensions) and studied their stability by means of numerical recipes in 4+1-dimensional case. In the vicinity of the stationary regime we discovered numerically another non-singular regime which appears to be periodical. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of matter in form of a perfect fluid lifts some constraints on the dynamics of the 4+1-dimensional model which have been found earlier.
[ { "created": "Wed, 24 Feb 2010 08:32:10 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 31 Mar 2010 15:51:12 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-03-13
[ [ "Kirnos", "I. V.", "" ], [ "Pavluchenko", "S. A.", "" ], [ "Toporensky", "A. V.", "" ] ]
We investigated a flat multidimensional cosmological model in Gauss-Bonnet gravity in presence of a matter in form of perfect fluid. We found analytically new stationary regimes (these results are valid for arbitrary number of spatial dimensions) and studied their stability by means of numerical recipes in 4+1-dimensional case. In the vicinity of the stationary regime we discovered numerically another non-singular regime which appears to be periodical. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of matter in form of a perfect fluid lifts some constraints on the dynamics of the 4+1-dimensional model which have been found earlier.
2103.06862
Ismael Delgado Gaspar PhD
Ismael Delgado Gaspar, Roberto A. Sussman, David D. McNutt, Alan A. Coley
Comment on "Szekeres universes with homogeneous scalar fields"
2 pages. Comment on "Szekeres universes with homogeneous scalar fields" and "Cyclic Szekeres universes" by Barrow and Paliathanasis, Eur. Phys. J. C. (2018, 2019); arXiv:1808.00173 and arXiv:1901.09173
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09113-9
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Two recently published papers (J.D. Barrow and A. Paliathanasis, Eur. Phys. J. C. (2018, 2019)) claim to have found exact solutions of Einstein's field equations belonging to the class of non-trivial Szekeres models, whose source is a mixture of dust and a homogeneous time-dependent scalar field, where the energy-momentum tensors of both mixture components are independently conserved. We prove that the independent conservation of these two mixture components necessarily leads to solutions belonging to the set of spatially homogeneous subcases of the Szekeres family: Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker for class I, and Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi-Behr I or Bianchi-Behr $\mbox{VI}_{\tiny{\mbox{-1}}}$ for class II.
[ { "created": "Thu, 11 Mar 2021 18:47:24 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-04-28
[ [ "Gaspar", "Ismael Delgado", "" ], [ "Sussman", "Roberto A.", "" ], [ "McNutt", "David D.", "" ], [ "Coley", "Alan A.", "" ] ]
Two recently published papers (J.D. Barrow and A. Paliathanasis, Eur. Phys. J. C. (2018, 2019)) claim to have found exact solutions of Einstein's field equations belonging to the class of non-trivial Szekeres models, whose source is a mixture of dust and a homogeneous time-dependent scalar field, where the energy-momentum tensors of both mixture components are independently conserved. We prove that the independent conservation of these two mixture components necessarily leads to solutions belonging to the set of spatially homogeneous subcases of the Szekeres family: Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker for class I, and Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi-Behr I or Bianchi-Behr $\mbox{VI}_{\tiny{\mbox{-1}}}$ for class II.
1905.07724
Behzad Tajahmad
Behzad Tajahmad
Late-time-accelerated expansion arisen from gauge fields in an anisotropic background and a fruitful trick for Noether's approach
27 pages, 13 figures (26 plots), 1 Table
null
10.1007/JHEP02(2020)084
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, a modified teleparallel gravity action containing a coupling between a scalar field potential and magnetism, in anisotropic and homogeneous backgrounds, is investigated through Noether symmetry approach. The focus of this work is to describe late-time-accelerated expansion. Since finding analytical solutions carrying all conserved currents emerged by Noether symmetry approach, is very difficult, hence regularly in the literature, the authors split the total symmetry into sub-symmetries and then select, usually, some of them to be carried by the solutions. This manner limits the forms of unknown functions obtained. However, in ref. [68], B.N.S. approach was proposed in order to solve such problems but its main motivation was carrying more conserved currents by solutions. In this paper, by eliminating the aforementioned limitation as much as possible, a trick leading to some graceful forms of unknown functions is suggested. Through this fruitful approach, the solutions may carry more conserved currents than usual ways and maybe new forms of symmetries. I named this new approach to be CSSS-trick (Combination of Sub-symmetries through Special Selections). With this approach, it is demonstrated that the unified dark matter potential is deduced by the gauge fields. Utilizing the $\mathfrak{B}\text{-function}$ method, a detailed data analysis of results obtained yielding perfect agreements with recent observational data are performed. And finally, the Wheeler-De Witt (WDW) equation is discussed to demonstrate recovering the Hartle criterion due to the oscillating feature of the wave function of the universe.
[ { "created": "Sun, 19 May 2019 11:13:39 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-03-18
[ [ "Tajahmad", "Behzad", "" ] ]
In this paper, a modified teleparallel gravity action containing a coupling between a scalar field potential and magnetism, in anisotropic and homogeneous backgrounds, is investigated through Noether symmetry approach. The focus of this work is to describe late-time-accelerated expansion. Since finding analytical solutions carrying all conserved currents emerged by Noether symmetry approach, is very difficult, hence regularly in the literature, the authors split the total symmetry into sub-symmetries and then select, usually, some of them to be carried by the solutions. This manner limits the forms of unknown functions obtained. However, in ref. [68], B.N.S. approach was proposed in order to solve such problems but its main motivation was carrying more conserved currents by solutions. In this paper, by eliminating the aforementioned limitation as much as possible, a trick leading to some graceful forms of unknown functions is suggested. Through this fruitful approach, the solutions may carry more conserved currents than usual ways and maybe new forms of symmetries. I named this new approach to be CSSS-trick (Combination of Sub-symmetries through Special Selections). With this approach, it is demonstrated that the unified dark matter potential is deduced by the gauge fields. Utilizing the $\mathfrak{B}\text{-function}$ method, a detailed data analysis of results obtained yielding perfect agreements with recent observational data are performed. And finally, the Wheeler-De Witt (WDW) equation is discussed to demonstrate recovering the Hartle criterion due to the oscillating feature of the wave function of the universe.
gr-qc/0611060
E. Kyriakopoulos
E. Kyriakopoulos
Black Hole in a Model with Dilaton and Monopole Fields II
8 pages
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D15:2223-2228,2006
10.1142/S0218271806009650
null
gr-qc
null
We present an exact black hole solution in a model having besides gravity a dilaton and a monopole field, which is a generalization of a black hole solution we have found. The new solution, as the previous one, has three free parameters, one of which can be identified with the monopole charge, and another with the ADM mass. Its metric is asymptotically flat, has two horizon, irremovable singularity only at $r=0$, and the dilaton field is singular only at $r=0$. The dominant and the strong energy condition are satisfied outside and on the external horizon. According to a formulation of the no hair conjecture the solution is "hairy". Also a reformulation of the model with two monopole fields is given, which results in the appearance of an additional symmetry and therefore in the appearance of a conserved dilaton charge.
[ { "created": "Fri, 10 Nov 2006 19:32:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Kyriakopoulos", "E.", "" ] ]
We present an exact black hole solution in a model having besides gravity a dilaton and a monopole field, which is a generalization of a black hole solution we have found. The new solution, as the previous one, has three free parameters, one of which can be identified with the monopole charge, and another with the ADM mass. Its metric is asymptotically flat, has two horizon, irremovable singularity only at $r=0$, and the dilaton field is singular only at $r=0$. The dominant and the strong energy condition are satisfied outside and on the external horizon. According to a formulation of the no hair conjecture the solution is "hairy". Also a reformulation of the model with two monopole fields is given, which results in the appearance of an additional symmetry and therefore in the appearance of a conserved dilaton charge.
gr-qc/0606060
Leonardo Augusto Pach\'on Contreras
Leonardo. A. Pachon, Jorge A. Rueda, Jose D. Sanabria-Gomez
Realistic Exact Solution for the Exterior Field of a Rotating Neutron Star
13 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX document
Phys.Rev.D73:104038,2006
10.1103/PhysRevD.73.104038
null
gr-qc
null
A new six-parametric, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat exact solution of Einstein-Maxwell field equations having reflection symmetry is presented. It has arbitrary physical parameters of mass, angular momentum, mass--quadrupole moment, current octupole moment, electric charge and magnetic dipole, so it can represent the exterior field of a rotating, deformed, magnetized and charged object; some properties of the closed-form analytic solution such as its multipolar structure, electromagnetic fields and singularities are also presented. In the vacuum case, this analytic solution is matched to some numerical interior solutions representing neutron stars, calculated by Berti & Stergioulas (Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 350, 1416 (2004)), imposing that the multipole moments be the same. As an independent test of accuracy of the solution to describe exterior fields of neutron stars, we present an extensive comparison of the radii of innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) obtained from Berti & Stergioulas numerical solutions, Kerr solution (Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 237 (1963)), Hartle & Thorne solution (Ap. J. 153, 807, (1968)), an analytic series expansion derived by Shibata & Sasaki (Phys. Rev. D. 58 104011 (1998)) and, our exact solution. We found that radii of ISCOs from our solution fits better than others with realistic numerical interior solutions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 13 Jun 2006 18:54:47 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Pachon", "Leonardo. A.", "" ], [ "Rueda", "Jorge A.", "" ], [ "Sanabria-Gomez", "Jose D.", "" ] ]
A new six-parametric, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat exact solution of Einstein-Maxwell field equations having reflection symmetry is presented. It has arbitrary physical parameters of mass, angular momentum, mass--quadrupole moment, current octupole moment, electric charge and magnetic dipole, so it can represent the exterior field of a rotating, deformed, magnetized and charged object; some properties of the closed-form analytic solution such as its multipolar structure, electromagnetic fields and singularities are also presented. In the vacuum case, this analytic solution is matched to some numerical interior solutions representing neutron stars, calculated by Berti & Stergioulas (Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 350, 1416 (2004)), imposing that the multipole moments be the same. As an independent test of accuracy of the solution to describe exterior fields of neutron stars, we present an extensive comparison of the radii of innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) obtained from Berti & Stergioulas numerical solutions, Kerr solution (Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 237 (1963)), Hartle & Thorne solution (Ap. J. 153, 807, (1968)), an analytic series expansion derived by Shibata & Sasaki (Phys. Rev. D. 58 104011 (1998)) and, our exact solution. We found that radii of ISCOs from our solution fits better than others with realistic numerical interior solutions.
0711.2084
Lee Lindblom
Lee Lindblom, Keith D. Matthews, Oliver Rinne, and Mark A. Scheel
Gauge Drivers for the Generalized Harmonic Einstein Equations
17 pages, 9 figures
Phys.Rev.D77:084001,2008
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.084001
null
gr-qc
null
The generalized harmonic representation of Einstein's equation is manifestly hyperbolic for a large class of gauge conditions. Unfortunately most of the useful gauges developed over the past several decades by the numerical relativity community are incompatible with the hyperbolicity of the equations in this form. This paper presents a new method of imposing gauge conditions that preserves hyperbolicity for a much wider class of conditions, including as special cases many of the standard ones used in numerical relativity: e.g., K-freezing, Gamma-freezing, Bona-Masso slicing, conformal Gamma-drivers, etc. Analytical and numerical results are presented which test the stability and the effectiveness of this new gauge driver evolution system.
[ { "created": "Tue, 13 Nov 2007 23:33:36 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Lindblom", "Lee", "" ], [ "Matthews", "Keith D.", "" ], [ "Rinne", "Oliver", "" ], [ "Scheel", "Mark A.", "" ] ]
The generalized harmonic representation of Einstein's equation is manifestly hyperbolic for a large class of gauge conditions. Unfortunately most of the useful gauges developed over the past several decades by the numerical relativity community are incompatible with the hyperbolicity of the equations in this form. This paper presents a new method of imposing gauge conditions that preserves hyperbolicity for a much wider class of conditions, including as special cases many of the standard ones used in numerical relativity: e.g., K-freezing, Gamma-freezing, Bona-Masso slicing, conformal Gamma-drivers, etc. Analytical and numerical results are presented which test the stability and the effectiveness of this new gauge driver evolution system.
2004.00870
Daniele Vigan\`o
Daniele Vigan\`o, Ricard Aguilera-Miret, Federico Carrasco, Borja Mi\~nano, Carlos Palenzuela
GRMHD large eddy simulations with gradient subgrid-scale model
15 pages, 7 figures Submitted to PRD
Phys. Rev. D 101, 123019 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123019
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The detection of binary neutron star mergers represents one of the most important astrophysical discoveries of the recent years. Due to the extreme matter and gravity conditions and the rich dynamics developed, it becomes a tremendous challenge to accurately simulate numerically all the scales present during the collision. Here we present how to study such systems by using large eddy simulations with a self-consistent subgrid-scale gradient model, that we generalized to the special relativistic case in a previous work and now extend to the general relativistic case. Adapted from nonrelativistic scenarios, the so-called gradient model allows to capture part of the effects of the hidden dynamics on the resolved scales, by means of a physically-agnostic, mathematically-based Taylor expansion of the nonlinear terms in the conservative evolution equations' fluxes. We assess the validity of this approach in bounding-box simulations of the magnetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Several resolutions and a broad range of scenarios are considered in order to carefully test the performance of the model under three crucial aspects: (i) highly curved backgrounds, (ii) jumps on the fluid density profiles and (iii) strong shocks. The results suggest our extension of the gradient subgrid-scale model to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics is a promising approach for studying binary neutron stars mergers, and potentially to other relevant astrophysical scenarios.
[ { "created": "Thu, 2 Apr 2020 08:34:58 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-07-01
[ [ "Viganò", "Daniele", "" ], [ "Aguilera-Miret", "Ricard", "" ], [ "Carrasco", "Federico", "" ], [ "Miñano", "Borja", "" ], [ "Palenzuela", "Carlos", "" ] ]
The detection of binary neutron star mergers represents one of the most important astrophysical discoveries of the recent years. Due to the extreme matter and gravity conditions and the rich dynamics developed, it becomes a tremendous challenge to accurately simulate numerically all the scales present during the collision. Here we present how to study such systems by using large eddy simulations with a self-consistent subgrid-scale gradient model, that we generalized to the special relativistic case in a previous work and now extend to the general relativistic case. Adapted from nonrelativistic scenarios, the so-called gradient model allows to capture part of the effects of the hidden dynamics on the resolved scales, by means of a physically-agnostic, mathematically-based Taylor expansion of the nonlinear terms in the conservative evolution equations' fluxes. We assess the validity of this approach in bounding-box simulations of the magnetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Several resolutions and a broad range of scenarios are considered in order to carefully test the performance of the model under three crucial aspects: (i) highly curved backgrounds, (ii) jumps on the fluid density profiles and (iii) strong shocks. The results suggest our extension of the gradient subgrid-scale model to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics is a promising approach for studying binary neutron stars mergers, and potentially to other relevant astrophysical scenarios.
1211.4631
Marco Cariglia Dr
Marco Cariglia, Valeri P. Frolov, Pavel Krtous, David Kubiznak
Electron in higher-dimensional weakly charged rotating black hole spacetimes
12 pages, no figures
Phys. Rev. D 87, 064003 (2013)
10.1103/PhysRevD.87.064003
pi-stronggrv-303
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We demonstrate separability of the Dirac equation in weakly charged rotating black hole spacetimes in all dimensions. The electromagnetic field of the black hole is described by a test field approximation, with vector potential proportional to the primary Killing vector field. It is shown that the demonstrated separability can be intrinsically characterized by the existence of a complete set of mutually commuting first order symmetry operators generated from the principal Killing-Yano tensor. The presented results generalize the results on integrability of charged particle motion and separability of charged scalar field studied in [1].
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Nov 2012 00:00:18 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-04-10
[ [ "Cariglia", "Marco", "" ], [ "Frolov", "Valeri P.", "" ], [ "Krtous", "Pavel", "" ], [ "Kubiznak", "David", "" ] ]
We demonstrate separability of the Dirac equation in weakly charged rotating black hole spacetimes in all dimensions. The electromagnetic field of the black hole is described by a test field approximation, with vector potential proportional to the primary Killing vector field. It is shown that the demonstrated separability can be intrinsically characterized by the existence of a complete set of mutually commuting first order symmetry operators generated from the principal Killing-Yano tensor. The presented results generalize the results on integrability of charged particle motion and separability of charged scalar field studied in [1].
2111.13501
Naoki Tsukamoto
Naoki Tsukamoto
Gravitational lensing by a Bronnikov-Kim wormhole under a weak-field approximation and in a strong deflection limit
11 pages, 5 figures, minor correction, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Phys. Rev. D 105, 064013 (2022)
10.1103/PhysRevD.105.064013
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We consider gravitational lensing under a weak-field approximation and in a strong deflection limit by a Bronnikov-Kim wormhole with the same metric as the one of a wormhole which has been suggested in Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell theory. The metric approaches into the metric of an extreme charged Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole in a black hole limit and it becomes the metric of an spatial Schwarzschild wormhole in an ultrastatic limit. In both of the black hole limit and the ultrastatic limit, the coefficient of a divergent term and the constant term of the deflection angle of a light in the strong deflection limit can be obtained exactly without expanding of parameters of the spacetime. Interestingly, in the both limits to the black hole and the ultrastatic wormhole, we obtain exactly the same coefficient and constant term in the strong deflection limit.
[ { "created": "Fri, 26 Nov 2021 13:59:01 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 10 Feb 2022 13:44:21 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 22 Feb 2022 15:50:53 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2022-03-08
[ [ "Tsukamoto", "Naoki", "" ] ]
We consider gravitational lensing under a weak-field approximation and in a strong deflection limit by a Bronnikov-Kim wormhole with the same metric as the one of a wormhole which has been suggested in Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell theory. The metric approaches into the metric of an extreme charged Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole in a black hole limit and it becomes the metric of an spatial Schwarzschild wormhole in an ultrastatic limit. In both of the black hole limit and the ultrastatic limit, the coefficient of a divergent term and the constant term of the deflection angle of a light in the strong deflection limit can be obtained exactly without expanding of parameters of the spacetime. Interestingly, in the both limits to the black hole and the ultrastatic wormhole, we obtain exactly the same coefficient and constant term in the strong deflection limit.
gr-qc/9405056
Yongsung Yoon
Jewan Kim, C.J. Park and Yongsung Yoon
Phase Transition in Conformally Induced Gravity with Torsion
7pages, no figure
Phys.Rev.D51:562-567,1995
10.1103/PhysRevD.51.562
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
We have considered the quantum behavior of a conformally induced gravity in the minimal Riemann-Cartan space. The regularized one-loop effective potential considering the quantum fluctuations of the dilaton and the torsion fields in the Coleman-Weinberg sector gives a sensible phase transition for an inflationary phase in De Sitter space. For this effective potential, we have analyzed the semi-classical equation of motion of the dilaton field in the slow-rolling regime.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 May 1994 00:17:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-01
[ [ "Kim", "Jewan", "" ], [ "Park", "C. J.", "" ], [ "Yoon", "Yongsung", "" ] ]
We have considered the quantum behavior of a conformally induced gravity in the minimal Riemann-Cartan space. The regularized one-loop effective potential considering the quantum fluctuations of the dilaton and the torsion fields in the Coleman-Weinberg sector gives a sensible phase transition for an inflationary phase in De Sitter space. For this effective potential, we have analyzed the semi-classical equation of motion of the dilaton field in the slow-rolling regime.
2210.07458
Viqar Husain
Viqar Husain, Muhammad Muzammil
Semiclassical geometrodynamics of homogeneous cosmology
13 pages, 5 figures; substantially extended, title changed, version to appear in Phys Rev D
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We study the classical-quantum (CQ) hybrid dynamics of homogeneous cosmology from a Hamiltonian perspective where the classical gravitational phase space variables and matter state evolve self-consistently with full backreaction. We compare numerically the classical and CQ dynamics for isotropic and anisotropic models, including quantum scalar-field induced corrections to the Kasner exponents. Our results indicate that full backreaction effects leave traces at late times in cosmological evolution; in particular, the scalar energy density at late times provides a potential contribution to dark energy. We also show that the CQ equations admit exact static solutions for the isotropic, and the anisotropic Bianchi IX universes with the scalar field in a stationary state.
[ { "created": "Fri, 14 Oct 2022 02:05:03 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 22 Feb 2024 16:30:58 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-02-23
[ [ "Husain", "Viqar", "" ], [ "Muzammil", "Muhammad", "" ] ]
We study the classical-quantum (CQ) hybrid dynamics of homogeneous cosmology from a Hamiltonian perspective where the classical gravitational phase space variables and matter state evolve self-consistently with full backreaction. We compare numerically the classical and CQ dynamics for isotropic and anisotropic models, including quantum scalar-field induced corrections to the Kasner exponents. Our results indicate that full backreaction effects leave traces at late times in cosmological evolution; in particular, the scalar energy density at late times provides a potential contribution to dark energy. We also show that the CQ equations admit exact static solutions for the isotropic, and the anisotropic Bianchi IX universes with the scalar field in a stationary state.
1711.10660
Sumanta Chakraborty
Sumanta Chakraborty and Kinjalk Lochan
Decoding infrared imprints of quantum origins of black holes
v3: Published Version; 18 pages, 2 figures
Phys. Lett. B 789, 276 (2019)
10.1016/j.physletb.2018.12.028
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze the emission spectrum of a (fundamentally quantum) black hole in the Kerr-Newman family by assuming a discretization of black hole geometry and the holographic entropy-area relation. We demonstrate that, given the above structure of black hole entropy, a macroscopic black hole always has non-continuously separated mass states and therefore they descend down in discrete manner. We evaluate the step size of the discrete spectrum, which vanishes in the extremal limit, leading to a continuum spectrum as expected from thermal nature of black holes. This further reveals an interesting relation, in each class, between the dynamic and kinematic length scales for all black holes belonging to the Kerr-Newman family, pointing towards a possible universal character across the class, dependent only on black hole mass. Further, we have presented the computation of maximum number of emitted quanta from the black hole as well as an estimation of its lifetime. We also argue the independence of these features from the presence of additional spacetime dimensions.
[ { "created": "Wed, 29 Nov 2017 03:29:06 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 13 Jun 2018 11:44:30 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 9 Jan 2019 01:33:54 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2019-01-10
[ [ "Chakraborty", "Sumanta", "" ], [ "Lochan", "Kinjalk", "" ] ]
We analyze the emission spectrum of a (fundamentally quantum) black hole in the Kerr-Newman family by assuming a discretization of black hole geometry and the holographic entropy-area relation. We demonstrate that, given the above structure of black hole entropy, a macroscopic black hole always has non-continuously separated mass states and therefore they descend down in discrete manner. We evaluate the step size of the discrete spectrum, which vanishes in the extremal limit, leading to a continuum spectrum as expected from thermal nature of black holes. This further reveals an interesting relation, in each class, between the dynamic and kinematic length scales for all black holes belonging to the Kerr-Newman family, pointing towards a possible universal character across the class, dependent only on black hole mass. Further, we have presented the computation of maximum number of emitted quanta from the black hole as well as an estimation of its lifetime. We also argue the independence of these features from the presence of additional spacetime dimensions.
gr-qc/0606071
Stefano Viaggiu
Stefano Viaggiu
Generating anisotropic fluids from vacuum Ernst equations
Version published on IJMPD, title changed by the review
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D19:1783-1795,2010
10.1142/S0218271810018025
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Starting with any stationary axisymmetric vacuum metric, we build anisotropic fluids. With the help of the Ernst method, the basic equations are derived together with the expression for the energy-momentum tensor and with the equation of state compatible with the field equations. The method is presented by using different coordinate systems: the cylindrical coordinates $\rho, z$ and the oblate spheroidal ones. A class of interior solutions matching with stationary axisymmetric asymptotically flat vacuum solutions is found in oblate spheroidal coordinates. The solutions presented satisfy the three energy conditions.
[ { "created": "Fri, 16 Jun 2006 07:08:39 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 31 Aug 2010 12:00:36 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-11-17
[ [ "Viaggiu", "Stefano", "" ] ]
Starting with any stationary axisymmetric vacuum metric, we build anisotropic fluids. With the help of the Ernst method, the basic equations are derived together with the expression for the energy-momentum tensor and with the equation of state compatible with the field equations. The method is presented by using different coordinate systems: the cylindrical coordinates $\rho, z$ and the oblate spheroidal ones. A class of interior solutions matching with stationary axisymmetric asymptotically flat vacuum solutions is found in oblate spheroidal coordinates. The solutions presented satisfy the three energy conditions.
1708.05911
Rodrigo Avalos
Rodrigo Avalos, F\'abio Dahia and Carlos Romero
On the $C^k$-embedding of Lorentzian manifolds in Ricci-flat spaces
null
Journal of Mathematical Physics 59, 052503 (2018)
10.1063/1.5017492
null
gr-qc math.DG
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we investigate the problem of non-analytic embeddings of Lorentzian manifolds in Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian spaces. In order to do this, we first review some relevant results in the area, and then motivate both the mathematical and physical interest in this problem. We show that any $n$-dimensional compact Lorentzian manifold $(M^{n},g)$, with $g$ in the Sobolev space $H_{s+3}$, $s>\frac{n}{2}$, admits an isometric embedding in an $(2n+2)$-dimensional Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian manifold. The sharpest result available for this type of embeddings, in the general setting, comes as a corollary of Greene's remarkable embedding theorems [R. Greene, Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 97, 1 (1970)], which guarantee the embedding of a compact $n$-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifold into an $n(n+5)$-dimensional semi-Euclidean space, thereby guaranteeing the embedding into a Ricci-flat space with the same dimension. The theorem presented here improves this corollary in $n^{2}+3n-2$ codimensions by replacing the Riemann-flat condition with the Ricci-flat one from the beginning. Finally, we will present a corollary of this theorem, which shows that a compact strip in an $n$-dimensional globally hyperbolic space-time can be embedded in a $(2n+2)$-dimensional Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian manifold.
[ { "created": "Sat, 19 Aug 2017 23:22:56 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 19 May 2018 01:29:55 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-05-22
[ [ "Avalos", "Rodrigo", "" ], [ "Dahia", "Fábio", "" ], [ "Romero", "Carlos", "" ] ]
In this paper we investigate the problem of non-analytic embeddings of Lorentzian manifolds in Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian spaces. In order to do this, we first review some relevant results in the area, and then motivate both the mathematical and physical interest in this problem. We show that any $n$-dimensional compact Lorentzian manifold $(M^{n},g)$, with $g$ in the Sobolev space $H_{s+3}$, $s>\frac{n}{2}$, admits an isometric embedding in an $(2n+2)$-dimensional Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian manifold. The sharpest result available for this type of embeddings, in the general setting, comes as a corollary of Greene's remarkable embedding theorems [R. Greene, Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 97, 1 (1970)], which guarantee the embedding of a compact $n$-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifold into an $n(n+5)$-dimensional semi-Euclidean space, thereby guaranteeing the embedding into a Ricci-flat space with the same dimension. The theorem presented here improves this corollary in $n^{2}+3n-2$ codimensions by replacing the Riemann-flat condition with the Ricci-flat one from the beginning. Finally, we will present a corollary of this theorem, which shows that a compact strip in an $n$-dimensional globally hyperbolic space-time can be embedded in a $(2n+2)$-dimensional Ricci-flat semi-Riemannian manifold.
gr-qc/9303016
Carsten Gundlach
Carsten Gundlach
The Isaacson expansion in quantum cosmology
Revtex, 11 journal or 24 preprint pages. REPLACEMENT: A comment on previous work by Dowker and Laflamme is corrected. Utah preprint UU-REL-93/3/10
Phys.Rev.D48:1700-1709,1993
10.1103/PhysRevD.48.1700
null
gr-qc
null
This paper is an application of the ideas of the Born-Oppenheimer (or slow/fast) approximation in molecular physics and of the Isaacson (or short-wave) approximation in classical gravity to the canonical quantization of a perturbed minisuperspace model of the kind examined by Halliwell and Hawking. Its aim is the clarification of the role of the semiclassical approximation and the backreaction in such a model. Approximate solutions of the quantum model are constructed which are not semiclassical, and semiclassical solutions in which the quantum perturbations are highly excited.
[ { "created": "Wed, 10 Mar 1993 23:35:39 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 8 Apr 1993 00:03:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-11-01
[ [ "Gundlach", "Carsten", "" ] ]
This paper is an application of the ideas of the Born-Oppenheimer (or slow/fast) approximation in molecular physics and of the Isaacson (or short-wave) approximation in classical gravity to the canonical quantization of a perturbed minisuperspace model of the kind examined by Halliwell and Hawking. Its aim is the clarification of the role of the semiclassical approximation and the backreaction in such a model. Approximate solutions of the quantum model are constructed which are not semiclassical, and semiclassical solutions in which the quantum perturbations are highly excited.
2405.03510
Karol Urba\'nski
Karol Urba\'nski (Szko{\l}a Doktorska Nauk \'Scis{\l}ych i Przyrodniczych, Jagiellonian University)
Prolonging The Inevitable: Maximising survival time of an engine-equipped spacecraft between spatial hypersurfaces, as applied to the Schwarzschild spacetime
28 pages, 11 figures, preprint
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The fate of an astronaut unfortunate -- or foolish -- enough to find themselves hurtling towards spaghettification after passing the event horizon of a black hole is a common anecdote told by scientists to the regular population. However, despite the fact the Schwarzschild spacetime has been discovered over a century ago, the simple question of how long can such a space traveller live has not been fully elaborated on since. In fact, a few textbooks even give a mistaken or easily misread description of what happens. We address those inconsistencies. We calculate the proper time a space traveller equipped with means of propulsion can expect to live in these circumstances, giving analytical expressions (as elliptic integrals) wherever possible. We prove a principle that explains the best strategy to extend their life, and show its' generalisation for other spacetimes. Finally, we give quantitative answers to what gains due to optimal control can be expected in typical and somewhat `realistic' circumstances.
[ { "created": "Mon, 6 May 2024 14:23:29 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 7 May 2024 14:06:56 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-05-08
[ [ "Urbański", "Karol", "", "Szkoła Doktorska Nauk Ścisłych i\n Przyrodniczych, Jagiellonian University" ] ]
The fate of an astronaut unfortunate -- or foolish -- enough to find themselves hurtling towards spaghettification after passing the event horizon of a black hole is a common anecdote told by scientists to the regular population. However, despite the fact the Schwarzschild spacetime has been discovered over a century ago, the simple question of how long can such a space traveller live has not been fully elaborated on since. In fact, a few textbooks even give a mistaken or easily misread description of what happens. We address those inconsistencies. We calculate the proper time a space traveller equipped with means of propulsion can expect to live in these circumstances, giving analytical expressions (as elliptic integrals) wherever possible. We prove a principle that explains the best strategy to extend their life, and show its' generalisation for other spacetimes. Finally, we give quantitative answers to what gains due to optimal control can be expected in typical and somewhat `realistic' circumstances.
gr-qc/0012081
Burkhard Kleihaus
B. Kleihaus (University College, Dublin) and J. Kunz (University Oldenburg)
Rotating Hairy Black Holes
13 pages, including 4 eps figures, LaTex format
Phys.Rev.Lett. 86 (2001) 3704-3707
10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3704
null
gr-qc
null
We construct stationary black holes in SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, which carry angular momentum and electric charge. Possessing non-trivial non-abelian magnetic fields outside their regular event horizon, they represent non-perturbative rotating hairy black holes.
[ { "created": "Wed, 20 Dec 2000 16:03:42 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-31
[ [ "Kleihaus", "B.", "", "University College, Dublin" ], [ "Kunz", "J.", "", "University\n Oldenburg" ] ]
We construct stationary black holes in SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, which carry angular momentum and electric charge. Possessing non-trivial non-abelian magnetic fields outside their regular event horizon, they represent non-perturbative rotating hairy black holes.
0906.2162
Federico Urban
Federico R. Urban and Ariel R. Zhitnitsky
The cosmological constant from the QCD Veneziano ghost
4 pages, uses revtex4, v2 as published
Phys.Lett.B688:9-12,2010
10.1016/j.physletb.2010.03.080
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-lat hep-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We suggest that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle is linked to the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity interacting with standard model fields, with QCD fields specifically. We work in the framework of low energy quantum gravity as an effective field theory. In particular, we compute the vacuum energy in terms of QCD parameters and the Hubble constant $H$ such that the vacuum energy is $\epsilon_{vac} \sim H \cdot m_q\la\bar{q}q\ra /m_{\eta'} \sim (3.6\cdot 10^{-3} \text{eV})^4$, which is amazingly close to the observed value today. The QCD ghost (responsible for the solution of the $U(1)_A$ problem) plays a crucial r\^ole in the computation of the vacuum energy, because the ghost's properties at very large but finite distances slightly deviate (as $\sim H / \Lqcd $) from their infinite volume Minkowski values. Another important prediction of this framework states that the vacuum energy owes its existence to the asymmetry of the cosmos. Indeed, this effect is a direct consequence of the embedding of our Universe on a non-trivial manifold such as a torus with (slightly) different linear sizes. Such a violation of cosmological isotropy is apparently indeed supported by WMAP, and will be confirmed (or ruled out) by future PLANCK data.
[ { "created": "Thu, 11 Jun 2009 17:26:33 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 20 Apr 2010 15:49:01 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-05-12
[ [ "Urban", "Federico R.", "" ], [ "Zhitnitsky", "Ariel R.", "" ] ]
We suggest that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle is linked to the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity interacting with standard model fields, with QCD fields specifically. We work in the framework of low energy quantum gravity as an effective field theory. In particular, we compute the vacuum energy in terms of QCD parameters and the Hubble constant $H$ such that the vacuum energy is $\epsilon_{vac} \sim H \cdot m_q\la\bar{q}q\ra /m_{\eta'} \sim (3.6\cdot 10^{-3} \text{eV})^4$, which is amazingly close to the observed value today. The QCD ghost (responsible for the solution of the $U(1)_A$ problem) plays a crucial r\^ole in the computation of the vacuum energy, because the ghost's properties at very large but finite distances slightly deviate (as $\sim H / \Lqcd $) from their infinite volume Minkowski values. Another important prediction of this framework states that the vacuum energy owes its existence to the asymmetry of the cosmos. Indeed, this effect is a direct consequence of the embedding of our Universe on a non-trivial manifold such as a torus with (slightly) different linear sizes. Such a violation of cosmological isotropy is apparently indeed supported by WMAP, and will be confirmed (or ruled out) by future PLANCK data.
1704.06151
Tien-Tien Yu
Vitor Cardoso, Paolo Pani, Tien-Tien Yu
Superradiance in rotating stars and pulsar-timing constraints on dark photons
13 pages, 4 figures
Phys. Rev. D 95, 124056 (2017)
10.1103/PhysRevD.95.124056
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph physics.class-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In the presence of massive bosonic degrees of freedom, rotational superradiance can trigger an instability that spins down black holes. This leads to peculiar gravitational-wave signatures and distribution in the spin-mass plane, which in turn can impose stringent constraints on ultralight fields. Here, we demonstrate that there is an analogous spindown effect for conducting stars. We show that rotating stars amplify low frequency electromagnetic waves, and that this effect is largest when the time scale for conduction within the star is of the order of a light crossing time. This has interesting consequences for dark photons, as massive dark photons would cause stars to spin down due to superradiant instabilities. The time scale of the spindown depends on the mass of the dark photon, and on the rotation rate, compactness, and conductivity of the star. Existing measurements of the spindown rate of pulsars place direct constraints on models of dark sectors. Our analysis suggests that dark photons of mass $m_V \sim 10^{-12}$ eV are excluded by pulsar-timing observations. These constraints also exclude superradiant instabilities triggered by dark photons as an explanation for the spin limit of observed pulsars.
[ { "created": "Tue, 18 Apr 2017 18:00:03 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-07-05
[ [ "Cardoso", "Vitor", "" ], [ "Pani", "Paolo", "" ], [ "Yu", "Tien-Tien", "" ] ]
In the presence of massive bosonic degrees of freedom, rotational superradiance can trigger an instability that spins down black holes. This leads to peculiar gravitational-wave signatures and distribution in the spin-mass plane, which in turn can impose stringent constraints on ultralight fields. Here, we demonstrate that there is an analogous spindown effect for conducting stars. We show that rotating stars amplify low frequency electromagnetic waves, and that this effect is largest when the time scale for conduction within the star is of the order of a light crossing time. This has interesting consequences for dark photons, as massive dark photons would cause stars to spin down due to superradiant instabilities. The time scale of the spindown depends on the mass of the dark photon, and on the rotation rate, compactness, and conductivity of the star. Existing measurements of the spindown rate of pulsars place direct constraints on models of dark sectors. Our analysis suggests that dark photons of mass $m_V \sim 10^{-12}$ eV are excluded by pulsar-timing observations. These constraints also exclude superradiant instabilities triggered by dark photons as an explanation for the spin limit of observed pulsars.
1707.05011
Julio Fernando Abalos
Fernando Abalos
A necessary condition for strong hyperbolicity of general first order systems
null
null
10.1142/S0219891619500073
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study strong hyperbolicity of first order partial differential equations for systems with differential constraints. In these cases, the number of equations is larger than the unknown fields, therefore, the standard Kreiss necessary and sufficient conditions of strong hyperbolicity do not directly apply. To deal with this problem one introduces a new tensor, called a reduction, which selects a subset of equations with the aim of using them as evolution equations for the unknown. If that tensor leads to a strongly hyperbolic system we call it a hyperbolizer. There might exist many of them or none. A question arises on whether a given system admits any hyperbolization at all. To sort-out this issue, we look for a condition on the system, such that, if it is satisfied, there is no hyperbolic reduction. To that purpose we look at the singular value decomposition of the whole system and study certain one parameter families ($\varepsilon $) of perturbations of the principal symbol. We look for the perturbed singular values around the vanishing ones and show that if they behave as $O\left( \varepsilon ^{l}\right) $, with $l\geq 2$, then there does not exist any hyperbolizer. In addition, we further notice that the validity or failure of this condition can be established in a simple and invariant way. Finally we apply the theory to examples in physics, such as Force-Free Electrodynamics in Euler potentials form and charged fluids with finite conductivity. We find that they do not admit any hyperbolization.
[ { "created": "Mon, 17 Jul 2017 06:36:19 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-11-17
[ [ "Abalos", "Fernando", "" ] ]
We study strong hyperbolicity of first order partial differential equations for systems with differential constraints. In these cases, the number of equations is larger than the unknown fields, therefore, the standard Kreiss necessary and sufficient conditions of strong hyperbolicity do not directly apply. To deal with this problem one introduces a new tensor, called a reduction, which selects a subset of equations with the aim of using them as evolution equations for the unknown. If that tensor leads to a strongly hyperbolic system we call it a hyperbolizer. There might exist many of them or none. A question arises on whether a given system admits any hyperbolization at all. To sort-out this issue, we look for a condition on the system, such that, if it is satisfied, there is no hyperbolic reduction. To that purpose we look at the singular value decomposition of the whole system and study certain one parameter families ($\varepsilon $) of perturbations of the principal symbol. We look for the perturbed singular values around the vanishing ones and show that if they behave as $O\left( \varepsilon ^{l}\right) $, with $l\geq 2$, then there does not exist any hyperbolizer. In addition, we further notice that the validity or failure of this condition can be established in a simple and invariant way. Finally we apply the theory to examples in physics, such as Force-Free Electrodynamics in Euler potentials form and charged fluids with finite conductivity. We find that they do not admit any hyperbolization.
0901.0261
Farook Rahaman
F.Rahaman, S.Mal and M. Kalam
Vacuumless topological defects in Lyra geometry
14 pages, 9 figures. To appear in Astrophys.Space.Sci
Astrophys.Space Sci.319:169-175,2009
10.1007/s10509-009-9979-8
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Few years ago, Cho and Vilenkin have proposed that topological defects can arise in symmetry breaking models without having degenerate vacua. These types of defects are known as vacuumless defects. In the present work, the gravitational field of a vacuumless global string and global monopole have been investigated in the context of Lyra geometry. We find the metric of the vacuumless global string and global monopole in the weak field approximations. It has been shown that the vacuumless global string can have repulsive whereas global monopole exerts attractive gravitational effects on a test particle. It is dissimilar to the case studied in general relativity.
[ { "created": "Fri, 2 Jan 2009 17:47:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-18
[ [ "Rahaman", "F.", "" ], [ "Mal", "S.", "" ], [ "Kalam", "M.", "" ] ]
Few years ago, Cho and Vilenkin have proposed that topological defects can arise in symmetry breaking models without having degenerate vacua. These types of defects are known as vacuumless defects. In the present work, the gravitational field of a vacuumless global string and global monopole have been investigated in the context of Lyra geometry. We find the metric of the vacuumless global string and global monopole in the weak field approximations. It has been shown that the vacuumless global string can have repulsive whereas global monopole exerts attractive gravitational effects on a test particle. It is dissimilar to the case studied in general relativity.
1902.04504
Geoffrey Comp\`ere
Geoffrey Comp\`ere
Are quantum corrections on horizon scale physically motivated?
16 pages, 8 figures. v3: published version
null
10.1142/S0218271819300192
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The aim of this short review is to give an overview to non-specialists of recent arguments from fundamental physics in favor and disfavor of quantum corrections to black hole horizons. I will mainly discuss the black hole information paradox, its possible resolutions and shortly address its relevance or irrelevance to astronomy.
[ { "created": "Tue, 12 Feb 2019 17:12:19 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 20 Feb 2019 08:49:45 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 22 Jul 2019 22:16:16 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2020-01-08
[ [ "Compère", "Geoffrey", "" ] ]
The aim of this short review is to give an overview to non-specialists of recent arguments from fundamental physics in favor and disfavor of quantum corrections to black hole horizons. I will mainly discuss the black hole information paradox, its possible resolutions and shortly address its relevance or irrelevance to astronomy.
1608.05223
Gabriele Gionti S.J.
Gabriele Gionti, S.J
O(d,d) duality transformations in F(R) theories of gravity
6 pages ,contribution to the proceedings of the 14th Marcel Grossmann Meeting , Rome 12-18 July 2015
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The argument of Hodge duality symmetry is introduced starting from the electromagnetic field. Introducing bosonic string theory, O(d,d) duality symmetry can be implemented when there exist d-symmetries, which allows one to write Hodge-dual fields. A tree-level effective gravitational action of bosonic string theory coupled with the dilaton field is considered. This theory inherits the Busher's duality of its parent string theory. The dilaton field can be recast into the Weyl's mode of the metric tensor in the Jordan frame. This maps the effective one-loop bosonic string theory of gravity into a Lagrangian of a f(R) function. Constraining this f(R)-Lagrangian on a FLRW metric and using Noether symmetries approach for extended theory of gravity, it is possible to show that the Lagrangian exibits a Gasperini-Veneziano duality symmetry.
[ { "created": "Thu, 18 Aug 2016 10:10:12 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-08-19
[ [ "Gionti", "Gabriele", "" ], [ "J", "S.", "" ] ]
The argument of Hodge duality symmetry is introduced starting from the electromagnetic field. Introducing bosonic string theory, O(d,d) duality symmetry can be implemented when there exist d-symmetries, which allows one to write Hodge-dual fields. A tree-level effective gravitational action of bosonic string theory coupled with the dilaton field is considered. This theory inherits the Busher's duality of its parent string theory. The dilaton field can be recast into the Weyl's mode of the metric tensor in the Jordan frame. This maps the effective one-loop bosonic string theory of gravity into a Lagrangian of a f(R) function. Constraining this f(R)-Lagrangian on a FLRW metric and using Noether symmetries approach for extended theory of gravity, it is possible to show that the Lagrangian exibits a Gasperini-Veneziano duality symmetry.
1712.01326
Itzhak Bars
Ignacio J. Araya and Itzhak Bars
Extended Rindler Spacetime and a New Multiverse Structure
61 pages, 11 figures. Version 2 adds a new section VI and includes minor corrections
Phys. Rev. D 97, 085009 (2018)
10.1103/PhysRevD.97.085009
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This is the first of a series of papers in which we use analyticity properties of quantum fields propagating on a spacetime to uncover a new multiverse geometry when the classical geometry has horizons and/or singularities. The nature and origin of the multiverse idea presented in this paper, that is shared by the fields in the standard model coupled to gravity, is different from other notions of a multiverse. Via analyticity we are able to establish definite relations among the universes. In this paper we illustrate these properties for the extended Rindler space, while black hole spacetime and the cosmological geometry of mini-superspace (see Appendix B) will appear in later papers. In classical general relativity, extended Rindler space is equivalent to flat Minkowski space; it consists of the union of the four wedges in (u,v) light-cone coordinates as in Fig.(1). In quantum mechanics, the wavefunction is an analytic function of (u,v) that is sensitive to branch points at the horizons u=0 or v=0, with branch cuts attached to them. The wavefunction is uniquely defined by analyticity on an infinite number of sheets in the cut analytic (u,v) spacetime. This structure is naturally interpreted as an infinite stack of identical Minkowski geometries, or universes, connected to each other by analyticity across branch cuts, such that each sheet represents a different Minkowski universe when (u,v) are analytically continued to the real axis on any sheet. We show in this paper that, in the absence of interactions, information doesn't flow from one Rindler sheet to another. By contrast, for an eternal black hole spacetime, which may be viewed as a modification of Rindler that includes gravitational interactions, analyticity shows how information is lost due to a flow to other universes, enabled by an additional branch point and cut due to the black hole singularity.
[ { "created": "Mon, 4 Dec 2017 20:10:22 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 19 Mar 2018 23:30:55 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-04-18
[ [ "Araya", "Ignacio J.", "" ], [ "Bars", "Itzhak", "" ] ]
This is the first of a series of papers in which we use analyticity properties of quantum fields propagating on a spacetime to uncover a new multiverse geometry when the classical geometry has horizons and/or singularities. The nature and origin of the multiverse idea presented in this paper, that is shared by the fields in the standard model coupled to gravity, is different from other notions of a multiverse. Via analyticity we are able to establish definite relations among the universes. In this paper we illustrate these properties for the extended Rindler space, while black hole spacetime and the cosmological geometry of mini-superspace (see Appendix B) will appear in later papers. In classical general relativity, extended Rindler space is equivalent to flat Minkowski space; it consists of the union of the four wedges in (u,v) light-cone coordinates as in Fig.(1). In quantum mechanics, the wavefunction is an analytic function of (u,v) that is sensitive to branch points at the horizons u=0 or v=0, with branch cuts attached to them. The wavefunction is uniquely defined by analyticity on an infinite number of sheets in the cut analytic (u,v) spacetime. This structure is naturally interpreted as an infinite stack of identical Minkowski geometries, or universes, connected to each other by analyticity across branch cuts, such that each sheet represents a different Minkowski universe when (u,v) are analytically continued to the real axis on any sheet. We show in this paper that, in the absence of interactions, information doesn't flow from one Rindler sheet to another. By contrast, for an eternal black hole spacetime, which may be viewed as a modification of Rindler that includes gravitational interactions, analyticity shows how information is lost due to a flow to other universes, enabled by an additional branch point and cut due to the black hole singularity.
1701.04910
Takeshi Chiba
Takeshi Chiba, Masashi Kimura
A Note on Geodesics in Hayward Metric
14 pages, 10 figures, typos corrected, to appear in PTEP
PTEP 2017 (2017) 4, 043E01
10.1093/ptep/ptx037
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study timelike and null geodesics in a non-singular black hole metric proposed by Hayward. The metric contains an additional length-scale parameter $\ell$ and approaches the Schwarzschild metric at large radii while approaches a constant at small radii so that the singularity is resolved. We tabulate the various critical values of $\ell$ for timelike and null geodesics: the critical values for the existence of horizon, marginally stable circular orbit and photon sphere. We find the photon sphere exists even if the horizon is absent and two marginally stable circular orbits appear if the photon sphere is absent and a stable circular orbit for photons exists for a certain range of $\ell$. We visualize the image of a black hole and find that blight rings appear even if the photon sphere is absent.
[ { "created": "Wed, 18 Jan 2017 00:59:41 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 6 Mar 2017 04:22:20 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 3 Apr 2017 01:28:03 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-05-10
[ [ "Chiba", "Takeshi", "" ], [ "Kimura", "Masashi", "" ] ]
We study timelike and null geodesics in a non-singular black hole metric proposed by Hayward. The metric contains an additional length-scale parameter $\ell$ and approaches the Schwarzschild metric at large radii while approaches a constant at small radii so that the singularity is resolved. We tabulate the various critical values of $\ell$ for timelike and null geodesics: the critical values for the existence of horizon, marginally stable circular orbit and photon sphere. We find the photon sphere exists even if the horizon is absent and two marginally stable circular orbits appear if the photon sphere is absent and a stable circular orbit for photons exists for a certain range of $\ell$. We visualize the image of a black hole and find that blight rings appear even if the photon sphere is absent.
2307.04141
Yu Zhang
Qian Li, Chen Ma, Yu Zhang, Zhi-Wen Lin, Peng-Fei Duan
Gray-body factor and absorption of the Dirac field in ESTGB gravity
11 pages, 7 figures
Chinese Journal of Physics 77 (2022) 1269-1277
10.1016/j.cjph.2022.03.027
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The gray-body factor and the absorption cross section of the 4D ESTGB gravity with a mode of nonlinear electrodynamics for the massless Dirac field are studied in this paper. The magnetic charge value varies between $-2^{(\frac{5}{3})}/3$ and $0$ as well as the ADM mass is set to $1$, which corresponds to a non-extreme black hole. The gray-body factor is obtained using the semi-analytic WKB method after solving the massless Dirac equation. When the absolute value of magnetic charge is increasing, the gray-body factor $\gamma(\omega)$ is decreasing. In addition, the partial absorption cross section and the total absorption cross section are calculated by using the partial wave method. We find that the maximum value of partial absorption cross section decreases as $\kappa$ increases. And the existence of magnetic charge causes the diminishing of the total absorption cross section. Finally, we find that the absorption cross section of the Dirac field is more sensitive to electric charge than magnetic charge by comparing the absorption cross section of the Reissner-Nordstr$\rm\ddot{o}$m and ESTGB-NLED black holes.
[ { "created": "Sun, 9 Jul 2023 10:05:39 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-07-11
[ [ "Li", "Qian", "" ], [ "Ma", "Chen", "" ], [ "Zhang", "Yu", "" ], [ "Lin", "Zhi-Wen", "" ], [ "Duan", "Peng-Fei", "" ] ]
The gray-body factor and the absorption cross section of the 4D ESTGB gravity with a mode of nonlinear electrodynamics for the massless Dirac field are studied in this paper. The magnetic charge value varies between $-2^{(\frac{5}{3})}/3$ and $0$ as well as the ADM mass is set to $1$, which corresponds to a non-extreme black hole. The gray-body factor is obtained using the semi-analytic WKB method after solving the massless Dirac equation. When the absolute value of magnetic charge is increasing, the gray-body factor $\gamma(\omega)$ is decreasing. In addition, the partial absorption cross section and the total absorption cross section are calculated by using the partial wave method. We find that the maximum value of partial absorption cross section decreases as $\kappa$ increases. And the existence of magnetic charge causes the diminishing of the total absorption cross section. Finally, we find that the absorption cross section of the Dirac field is more sensitive to electric charge than magnetic charge by comparing the absorption cross section of the Reissner-Nordstr$\rm\ddot{o}$m and ESTGB-NLED black holes.
2311.18493
Salvatore Mignemi
S. Mignemi
Dyonic black holes in Kaluza-Klein theory with a Gauss-Bonnet action
8 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We consider a five-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model, which gives rise after dimensional reduction to Einstein gravity nonminimally coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics. The black hole solutions of the four-dimensional model modify the Reissner-Nordstrom solutions of general relativity. The gravitational field presents the standard singularity at $r=0$, while the electric field can be regular everywhere if the magnetic charge vanishes
[ { "created": "Thu, 30 Nov 2023 12:07:47 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-12-01
[ [ "Mignemi", "S.", "" ] ]
We consider a five-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model, which gives rise after dimensional reduction to Einstein gravity nonminimally coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics. The black hole solutions of the four-dimensional model modify the Reissner-Nordstrom solutions of general relativity. The gravitational field presents the standard singularity at $r=0$, while the electric field can be regular everywhere if the magnetic charge vanishes
gr-qc/0409038
Dejan Stojkovic
Dejan Stojkovic
Energy flux through the horizon in the black hole-domain wall systems
references added, accepted for publication in JHEP
JHEP 0409:061,2004
10.1088/1126-6708/2004/09/061
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We study various configurations in which a domain wall (or cosmic string), described by the Nambu-Goto action, is embedded in a background space-time of a black hole in $(3+1)$ and higher dimensional models. We calculate energy fluxes through the black hole horizon. In the simplest case, when a static domain wall enters the horizon of a static black hole perperdicularly, the energy flux is zero. In more complicated situations, where parameters which describe the domain wall surface are time and position dependent, the flux is non-vanishing is principle. These results are of importance in various conventional cosmological models which accommodate the existence of domain walls and strings and also in brane world scenarios.
[ { "created": "Wed, 8 Sep 2004 17:34:10 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 4 Oct 2004 13:35:57 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-11-19
[ [ "Stojkovic", "Dejan", "" ] ]
We study various configurations in which a domain wall (or cosmic string), described by the Nambu-Goto action, is embedded in a background space-time of a black hole in $(3+1)$ and higher dimensional models. We calculate energy fluxes through the black hole horizon. In the simplest case, when a static domain wall enters the horizon of a static black hole perperdicularly, the energy flux is zero. In more complicated situations, where parameters which describe the domain wall surface are time and position dependent, the flux is non-vanishing is principle. These results are of importance in various conventional cosmological models which accommodate the existence of domain walls and strings and also in brane world scenarios.
1403.5243
Ricardo Lopez-Fernandez Dr.
Tonatiuh Matos and Ricardo Lopez-Fernandez
A SM Singlet Scalar as Dark Matter
5 pages, 1 figure
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this work we investigate the possibility that a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM) can be the dark matter of the universe. We postulate the existence of a scalar field singlet like the Higgs as an extra term in the SM Lagrangian. We find that from the astrophysical point of view a very small mass and self-interaction is more convenient to agree with observations and from particle detectors observations we do not see any essential constrain to this settings. Thus, we conclude that a scalar field singlet with a small mass and self-interaction is a good candidate to be the nature of the dark matter.
[ { "created": "Thu, 20 Mar 2014 19:35:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-03-21
[ [ "Matos", "Tonatiuh", "" ], [ "Lopez-Fernandez", "Ricardo", "" ] ]
In this work we investigate the possibility that a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM) can be the dark matter of the universe. We postulate the existence of a scalar field singlet like the Higgs as an extra term in the SM Lagrangian. We find that from the astrophysical point of view a very small mass and self-interaction is more convenient to agree with observations and from particle detectors observations we do not see any essential constrain to this settings. Thus, we conclude that a scalar field singlet with a small mass and self-interaction is a good candidate to be the nature of the dark matter.
2107.11915
Martin Lesourd Mr
Martin Lesourd and Eric Ling
Topological censorship in spacetimes compatible with $\Lambda > 0$
Comments are welcome
null
10.1007/s00023-022-01200-1
null
gr-qc math.DG
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Currently available topological censorship theorems are meant for gravitationally isolated black hole spacetimes with cosmological constant $\Lambda=0$ or $\Lambda<0$. Here, we prove a topological censorship theorem that is compatible with $\Lambda>0$ and which can be applied to whole universes containing possibly multiple collections of black holes. The main assumption in the theorem is that distinct black hole collections eventually become isolated from one another at late times, and the conclusion is that the regions near the various black hole collections have trivial fundamental group, in spite of there possibly being nontrivial topology in the universe.
[ { "created": "Mon, 26 Jul 2021 00:39:45 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 3 Nov 2021 23:12:13 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-11-30
[ [ "Lesourd", "Martin", "" ], [ "Ling", "Eric", "" ] ]
Currently available topological censorship theorems are meant for gravitationally isolated black hole spacetimes with cosmological constant $\Lambda=0$ or $\Lambda<0$. Here, we prove a topological censorship theorem that is compatible with $\Lambda>0$ and which can be applied to whole universes containing possibly multiple collections of black holes. The main assumption in the theorem is that distinct black hole collections eventually become isolated from one another at late times, and the conclusion is that the regions near the various black hole collections have trivial fundamental group, in spite of there possibly being nontrivial topology in the universe.
0807.4542
Johan Brannlund
J Brannlund, A Coley, S Hervik
Supersymmetry, holonomy and Kundt spacetimes
14 pages. Accepted by Class. Quant. Grav. Some misprints fixed
Class.Quant.Grav.25:195007,2008
10.1088/0264-9381/25/19/195007
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Supersymmetric solutions of supergravity theories, and consequently metrics with special holonomy, have played an important role in the development of string theory. We describe how a Lorentzian manifold is either completely reducible, and thus essentially known, or not completely reducible so that there exists a degenerate holonomy invariant lightlike subspace and consequently admits a covariantly constant or a recurrent null vector and belongs to the higher-dimensional Kundt class of spacetimes. These Kundt spacetimes (which contain the vanishing and constant curvature invariant spacetimes as special cases) are genuinely Lorentzian and have a number of interesting and unusual properties, which may lead to novel and fundamental physics.
[ { "created": "Mon, 28 Jul 2008 20:44:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 31 Jul 2008 01:00:14 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Brannlund", "J", "" ], [ "Coley", "A", "" ], [ "Hervik", "S", "" ] ]
Supersymmetric solutions of supergravity theories, and consequently metrics with special holonomy, have played an important role in the development of string theory. We describe how a Lorentzian manifold is either completely reducible, and thus essentially known, or not completely reducible so that there exists a degenerate holonomy invariant lightlike subspace and consequently admits a covariantly constant or a recurrent null vector and belongs to the higher-dimensional Kundt class of spacetimes. These Kundt spacetimes (which contain the vanishing and constant curvature invariant spacetimes as special cases) are genuinely Lorentzian and have a number of interesting and unusual properties, which may lead to novel and fundamental physics.
gr-qc/0211021
Edward Anderson
Julian Barbour
Scale-Invariant Gravity: Particle Dynamics
28 pages. Published version (minor changes from previous version)
Class.Quant.Grav. 20 (2003) 1543-1570
10.1088/0264-9381/20/8/310
null
gr-qc
null
A new and universal method for implementing scale invariance, called best matching, is presented. It extends to scaling the method introduced by Bertotti and the author to create a fully relational dynamics that satisfies Mach's principle. The method is illustrated here in the context of non-relativistic gravitational particle dynamics.. It leads to far stronger predictions than general Newtonian dynamics. The energy and angular momentum of an `island universe' must be exactly zero and its size, measured by its moment of inertia, cannot change. This constancy is enforced because the scale invariance requires all potentials to be homogeneous of degree -2. It is remarkable that one can nevertheless exactly recover the standard observed Newtonian laws and forces, which are merely accompanied by an extremally weak universal force like the one due to Einstein's cosmological constant. In contrast to Newtonian and Einsteinian dynamics, both the gravitational constant G and the strength of the cosmological force are uniquely determined by the matter distribution of the universe. Estimates of their values in agreement with observations are obtained. Best matching implements a dynamics of pure shape for which the action is a dimensionless number. If the universe obeys such scale invariant law, steadily increasing inhomogeneity, not expansion of the universe, causes the Hubble red shift. The application of best matching to geometrodynamics is treated in a companion paper.
[ { "created": "Wed, 6 Nov 2002 20:43:56 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 2 May 2003 20:35:49 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-08-23
[ [ "Barbour", "Julian", "" ] ]
A new and universal method for implementing scale invariance, called best matching, is presented. It extends to scaling the method introduced by Bertotti and the author to create a fully relational dynamics that satisfies Mach's principle. The method is illustrated here in the context of non-relativistic gravitational particle dynamics.. It leads to far stronger predictions than general Newtonian dynamics. The energy and angular momentum of an `island universe' must be exactly zero and its size, measured by its moment of inertia, cannot change. This constancy is enforced because the scale invariance requires all potentials to be homogeneous of degree -2. It is remarkable that one can nevertheless exactly recover the standard observed Newtonian laws and forces, which are merely accompanied by an extremally weak universal force like the one due to Einstein's cosmological constant. In contrast to Newtonian and Einsteinian dynamics, both the gravitational constant G and the strength of the cosmological force are uniquely determined by the matter distribution of the universe. Estimates of their values in agreement with observations are obtained. Best matching implements a dynamics of pure shape for which the action is a dimensionless number. If the universe obeys such scale invariant law, steadily increasing inhomogeneity, not expansion of the universe, causes the Hubble red shift. The application of best matching to geometrodynamics is treated in a companion paper.
0804.1360
Larry Ford
Carlos H. G. Bessa, Valdir B. Bezerra and L. H. Ford
Brownian Motion in Robertson-Walker Space-Times from electromagnetic Vacuum Fluctuations
29 pages, 7 figures
J.Math.Phys.50:062501,2009
10.1063/1.3133946
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider classical particles coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field in the background of a spatially flat Robertson-Walker universe. We find that these particles typically undergo Brownian motion and acquire a non-zero mean squared velocity which depends upon the scale factor of the universe. This Brownian motion can be interpreted as due to non-cancellation of anti-correlated vacuum fluctuations in the time dependent background space-time. We consider several types of coupling to the electromagnetic field, including particles with net electric charge, a magnetic dipole moment, and electric polarizability. We also investigate several different model scale factors.
[ { "created": "Tue, 8 Apr 2008 20:32:15 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-07-19
[ [ "Bessa", "Carlos H. G.", "" ], [ "Bezerra", "Valdir B.", "" ], [ "Ford", "L. H.", "" ] ]
We consider classical particles coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field in the background of a spatially flat Robertson-Walker universe. We find that these particles typically undergo Brownian motion and acquire a non-zero mean squared velocity which depends upon the scale factor of the universe. This Brownian motion can be interpreted as due to non-cancellation of anti-correlated vacuum fluctuations in the time dependent background space-time. We consider several types of coupling to the electromagnetic field, including particles with net electric charge, a magnetic dipole moment, and electric polarizability. We also investigate several different model scale factors.
gr-qc/9511074
Leonid Grishchuk
L. P. Grishchuk
Statistics of the Microwave Background Anisotropies Caused by Cosmological Perturbations of Quantum-Mechanical Origin
34 pages, REVTEX 3.0
null
null
WUGRAV-95-16
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph
null
The genuine quantum gravity effects can already be around us. It is likely that the observed large-angular-scale anisotropies in the microwave background radiation are induced by cosmological perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin. Such perturbations are placed in squeezed vacuum quantum states and, hence, are characterized by large variances of their amplitude. The statistical properties of the anisotropies should reflect the underlying statistics of the squeezed vacuum quantum states. In this paper, the theoretical variances for the temperature angular correlation function are described in detail. It is shown that they are indeed large and must be present in the observational data, if the anisotropies are truly caused by the perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin. Unfortunately, these large theoretical statistical uncertainties will make the extraction of cosmological information from the measured anisotropies a much more difficult problem than we wanted it to be. This contribution to the Proceedings is largely based on references~[42,8]. The Appendix contains an analysis of the ``standard'' inflationary formula for density perturbations.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 Nov 1995 18:04:10 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Grishchuk", "L. P.", "" ] ]
The genuine quantum gravity effects can already be around us. It is likely that the observed large-angular-scale anisotropies in the microwave background radiation are induced by cosmological perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin. Such perturbations are placed in squeezed vacuum quantum states and, hence, are characterized by large variances of their amplitude. The statistical properties of the anisotropies should reflect the underlying statistics of the squeezed vacuum quantum states. In this paper, the theoretical variances for the temperature angular correlation function are described in detail. It is shown that they are indeed large and must be present in the observational data, if the anisotropies are truly caused by the perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin. Unfortunately, these large theoretical statistical uncertainties will make the extraction of cosmological information from the measured anisotropies a much more difficult problem than we wanted it to be. This contribution to the Proceedings is largely based on references~[42,8]. The Appendix contains an analysis of the ``standard'' inflationary formula for density perturbations.
1401.6871
Eugeny Babichev
Eugeny Babichev and Alessandro Fabbri
Stability analysis of black holes in massive gravity: a unified treatment
4 pages; v2: matches the published version
Phys. Rev. D 89, 081502 (2014)
10.1103/PhysRevD.89.081502
LPT-Orsay-14-20
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider the analytic solutions of massive (bi)gravity which can be written in a simple form using advanced Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. We analyse the stability of these solutions against radial perturbations. First we recover the previously obtained result on the instability of the bidiagonal bi-Schwarzschild solutions. In the non-bidiagonal case (which contains, in particular, the Schwarzschild solution with Minkowski fiducial metric) we show that generically there are physical spherically symmetric perturbations, but no unstable modes.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 Jan 2014 14:48:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 9 Apr 2014 09:00:52 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-04-23
[ [ "Babichev", "Eugeny", "" ], [ "Fabbri", "Alessandro", "" ] ]
We consider the analytic solutions of massive (bi)gravity which can be written in a simple form using advanced Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. We analyse the stability of these solutions against radial perturbations. First we recover the previously obtained result on the instability of the bidiagonal bi-Schwarzschild solutions. In the non-bidiagonal case (which contains, in particular, the Schwarzschild solution with Minkowski fiducial metric) we show that generically there are physical spherically symmetric perturbations, but no unstable modes.
gr-qc/0101034
Roh Suan Tung
Roh S. Tung
Gravitation as a Super SL(2,C) Gauge Theory
4 pages, Proceedings of the 9th Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Rome, 2-8 July, 2000
null
10.1142/9789812777386_0168
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
We present a gauge theory of the super SL(2,C) group. The gauge potential is a connection of the Super SL(2,C) group. A MacDowell-Mansouri type of action is proposed where the action is quadratic in the Super SL(2,C) curvature and depends purely on gauge connection. By breaking the symmetry of the Super SL(2,C) topological gauge theory to SL(2,C), a metric is naturally defined.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Jan 2001 23:04:25 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-08-23
[ [ "Tung", "Roh S.", "" ] ]
We present a gauge theory of the super SL(2,C) group. The gauge potential is a connection of the Super SL(2,C) group. A MacDowell-Mansouri type of action is proposed where the action is quadratic in the Super SL(2,C) curvature and depends purely on gauge connection. By breaking the symmetry of the Super SL(2,C) topological gauge theory to SL(2,C), a metric is naturally defined.
2212.12901
Guangzhou Guo
Guangzhou Guo, Yuhang Lu, Peng Wang, Houwen Wu and Haitang Yang
Black Holes with Multiple Photon Spheres
25 pages, 8 figures, references added
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.107.124037
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Recently, asymptotically-flat black holes with multiple photon spheres have been discovered and found to produce distinctive observational signatures. In this paper, we focus on whether these black hole solutions are physically viable, e.g., satisfying energy conditions of interest. Intriguingly, black hole and naked singularity solutions with two photon spheres and one anti-photon sphere are shown to exist in physically reasonable models, which satisfy the null, weak, dominant and strong energy conditions. Our findings reveal that black holes with multiple photon spheres may not be frequent, but they are not exotic.
[ { "created": "Sun, 25 Dec 2022 13:35:03 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 27 Dec 2022 02:22:57 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 5 Jan 2023 13:41:05 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2023-06-28
[ [ "Guo", "Guangzhou", "" ], [ "Lu", "Yuhang", "" ], [ "Wang", "Peng", "" ], [ "Wu", "Houwen", "" ], [ "Yang", "Haitang", "" ] ]
Recently, asymptotically-flat black holes with multiple photon spheres have been discovered and found to produce distinctive observational signatures. In this paper, we focus on whether these black hole solutions are physically viable, e.g., satisfying energy conditions of interest. Intriguingly, black hole and naked singularity solutions with two photon spheres and one anti-photon sphere are shown to exist in physically reasonable models, which satisfy the null, weak, dominant and strong energy conditions. Our findings reveal that black holes with multiple photon spheres may not be frequent, but they are not exotic.
1605.01989
Alexey Toporensky
Maria Skugoreva and Alexey Toporensky
Asymptotic cosmological regimes in scalar-torsion gravity with a perfect fluid
14 pages with 2 tables and 1 eps figure. Minor changes, published version
Eur.Phys.J. C76 (2016) no.6, 340
10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4190-x
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider cosmological dynamics of nonminimally coupled scalar field in the scalar-torsion gravity in the presence of a hydrodynamical matter. Potential of the scalar field have been chosen as power-law with negative index, this type of potentials is usually used in quintessence scenarios. We identify several asymptotic regimes, including de Sitter, kinetic dominance, kinetic tracker and tracker solution and study conditions for their existence and stability. We show that for each combination of coupling constant and potential power index one of regimes studied in the present paper is stable to the future.
[ { "created": "Fri, 6 May 2016 16:12:50 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 1 Jan 2017 14:03:16 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-01-03
[ [ "Skugoreva", "Maria", "" ], [ "Toporensky", "Alexey", "" ] ]
We consider cosmological dynamics of nonminimally coupled scalar field in the scalar-torsion gravity in the presence of a hydrodynamical matter. Potential of the scalar field have been chosen as power-law with negative index, this type of potentials is usually used in quintessence scenarios. We identify several asymptotic regimes, including de Sitter, kinetic dominance, kinetic tracker and tracker solution and study conditions for their existence and stability. We show that for each combination of coupling constant and potential power index one of regimes studied in the present paper is stable to the future.
2011.14682
Roberto Dale
R. Dale and D. S\'aez
Spherical symmetric dust collapse in a Vector-Tensor gravity
22 pages, 1 table
Phys. Rev. D 98, 064007 (2018)
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.064007
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
There is a viable vector-tensor gravity (VTG) theory, whose vector field produces repulsive forces leading to important effects. In the background universe, the effect of these forces is an accelerated expansion identical to that produced by vacuum energy (cosmological constant). Here, we prove that another of these effects arises for great enough collapsing masses which lead to Schwarzschild black holes and singularities in general relativity (GR). For these masses, pressure becomes negligible against gravitational attraction and the complete collapse cannot be stopped in the context of GR; however, in VTG, a strong gravitational repulsion could stop the falling of the shells towards the symmetry center. A certain study of a collapsing dust cloud is then developed and, in order to undertake this task, the VTG equations in comoving coordinates are written. In this sense and, as it happens in general relativity for a pressureless dust ball, three different solutions are found. These three situations are analyzed and the problem of the shell crossings is approached. The apparent horizons and trapped surfaces, whose analysis will lead to diverse situations, depending on certain theory characteristic parameter value, are also examined.
[ { "created": "Mon, 30 Nov 2020 10:48:23 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-12-01
[ [ "Dale", "R.", "" ], [ "Sáez", "D.", "" ] ]
There is a viable vector-tensor gravity (VTG) theory, whose vector field produces repulsive forces leading to important effects. In the background universe, the effect of these forces is an accelerated expansion identical to that produced by vacuum energy (cosmological constant). Here, we prove that another of these effects arises for great enough collapsing masses which lead to Schwarzschild black holes and singularities in general relativity (GR). For these masses, pressure becomes negligible against gravitational attraction and the complete collapse cannot be stopped in the context of GR; however, in VTG, a strong gravitational repulsion could stop the falling of the shells towards the symmetry center. A certain study of a collapsing dust cloud is then developed and, in order to undertake this task, the VTG equations in comoving coordinates are written. In this sense and, as it happens in general relativity for a pressureless dust ball, three different solutions are found. These three situations are analyzed and the problem of the shell crossings is approached. The apparent horizons and trapped surfaces, whose analysis will lead to diverse situations, depending on certain theory characteristic parameter value, are also examined.
1802.07371
Robert R. Caldwell
R. R. Caldwell and C. Devulder
Gravitational Wave Opacity from Gauge Field Dark Energy
17 pages, 19 figures, revised and clarified text, results unchanged. V3 minor changes, including additional analysis of opacity effect for 3G detectors. New version matches published version
Phys. Rev. D 100, 103510 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.103510
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that astrophysical gravitational waves can undergo an anomalous modulation when propagating through cosmic gauge field dark energy. A sufficiently strong effect, dependent on the gauge field energy density, would appear as a redshift-dependent opacity, thereby impacting the use of gravitational wave standard sirens to constrain the expansion history of the Universe. We investigate a particular model of cosmic gauge field dark energy and show that at early times it behaves like dark radiation, whereas a novel interaction causes it to drive cosmic acceleration at late times. Joint constraints on the cosmological scenario due to type 1a supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background data are presented. In view of these constraints, we show that standard siren luminosity distances in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.5 would systematically dim by up to 1%, which may be distinguishable by third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Feb 2018 23:11:58 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 9 Mar 2018 18:10:09 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 16 Dec 2019 02:26:53 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2019-12-17
[ [ "Caldwell", "R. R.", "" ], [ "Devulder", "C.", "" ] ]
We show that astrophysical gravitational waves can undergo an anomalous modulation when propagating through cosmic gauge field dark energy. A sufficiently strong effect, dependent on the gauge field energy density, would appear as a redshift-dependent opacity, thereby impacting the use of gravitational wave standard sirens to constrain the expansion history of the Universe. We investigate a particular model of cosmic gauge field dark energy and show that at early times it behaves like dark radiation, whereas a novel interaction causes it to drive cosmic acceleration at late times. Joint constraints on the cosmological scenario due to type 1a supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background data are presented. In view of these constraints, we show that standard siren luminosity distances in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.5 would systematically dim by up to 1%, which may be distinguishable by third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
1602.02687
Kofinas Georgios
Georgios Kofinas, Eleftherios Papantonopoulos, Emmanuel N. Saridakis
Modified Brans-Dicke cosmology with matter-scalar field interaction
Minor changes
null
10.1088/0264-9381/33/15/155004
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We discuss the cosmological implications of an extended Brans-Dicke theory presented recently, in which there is an energy exchange between the scalar field and ordinary matter, determined by the theory. A new mass scale is generated in the theory which modifies the Friedmann equations with field-dependent corrected kinetic terms. In a radiation universe the general solutions are found and there are branches with complete removal of the initial singularity, while at the same time a transient accelerating period can occur within deceleration. Entropy production is also possible in the early universe. In the dust era, late-times acceleration has been found numerically in agreement with the correct behaviour of the density parameters and the dark energy equation of state, while the gravitational constant has only a slight variation over a large redshift interval in agreement with observational bounds.
[ { "created": "Mon, 8 Feb 2016 18:36:43 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 10 Mar 2016 10:27:53 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Fri, 17 Jun 2016 09:58:19 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Wed, 6 Jul 2016 20:43:03 GMT", "version": "v4" }, { "created": "Tue, 29 Nov 2016 10:42:21 GMT", "version": "v5" } ]
2016-11-30
[ [ "Kofinas", "Georgios", "" ], [ "Papantonopoulos", "Eleftherios", "" ], [ "Saridakis", "Emmanuel N.", "" ] ]
We discuss the cosmological implications of an extended Brans-Dicke theory presented recently, in which there is an energy exchange between the scalar field and ordinary matter, determined by the theory. A new mass scale is generated in the theory which modifies the Friedmann equations with field-dependent corrected kinetic terms. In a radiation universe the general solutions are found and there are branches with complete removal of the initial singularity, while at the same time a transient accelerating period can occur within deceleration. Entropy production is also possible in the early universe. In the dust era, late-times acceleration has been found numerically in agreement with the correct behaviour of the density parameters and the dark energy equation of state, while the gravitational constant has only a slight variation over a large redshift interval in agreement with observational bounds.
2211.15151
Di Wu
Di Wu
Topological classes of rotating black holes
6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, revtex4-1.cls, to appear in PRD
Phys. Rev. D 107, 024024 (2023)
10.1103/PhysRevD.107.024024
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we investigate the topological numbers for singly rotating Kerr black holes in arbitrary dimensions and four-dimensional Kerr-Newman black hole. We show that for uncharged black holes, the rotation parameter has a significant effect on the topological number, and for rotating black holes, the dimension of spacetime has a remarkable effect on the topological number too. In addition, we find that the topological numbers of the four-dimensional Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes are the same, which seems to indicate that the electric charge parameter has no effect on the topological number of rotating black holes. Our current research provides more evidence that the conjecture put forward in Wei et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191101 (2022)], according to which all black hole solutions should be separated into three different topological classes, is accurate, at least in the pure Einstein-Maxwell gravity theory.
[ { "created": "Mon, 28 Nov 2022 09:03:10 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 30 Nov 2022 07:58:12 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sat, 14 Jan 2023 03:15:48 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2023-01-20
[ [ "Wu", "Di", "" ] ]
In this paper, we investigate the topological numbers for singly rotating Kerr black holes in arbitrary dimensions and four-dimensional Kerr-Newman black hole. We show that for uncharged black holes, the rotation parameter has a significant effect on the topological number, and for rotating black holes, the dimension of spacetime has a remarkable effect on the topological number too. In addition, we find that the topological numbers of the four-dimensional Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes are the same, which seems to indicate that the electric charge parameter has no effect on the topological number of rotating black holes. Our current research provides more evidence that the conjecture put forward in Wei et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191101 (2022)], according to which all black hole solutions should be separated into three different topological classes, is accurate, at least in the pure Einstein-Maxwell gravity theory.
gr-qc/0003080
Martin Goliath
Alan Coley and Martin Goliath
Self-similar spherically symmetric cosmological models with a perfect fluid and a scalar field
31 pages, 4 figures
Class.Quant.Grav.17:2557-2588,2000
10.1088/0264-9381/17/13/309
null
gr-qc
null
Self-similar, spherically symmetric cosmological models with a perfect fluid and a scalar field with an exponential potential are investigated. New variables are defined which lead to a compact state space, and dynamical systems methods are utilised to analyse the models. Due to the existence of monotone functions global dynamical results can be deduced. In particular, all of the future and past attractors for these models are obtained and the global results are discussed. The essential physical results are that initially expanding models always evolve away from a massless scalar field model with an initial singularity and, depending on the parameters of the models, either recollapse to a second singularity or expand forever towards a flat power-law inflationary model. The special cases in which there is no barotropic fluid and in which the scalar field is massless are considered in more detail in order to illustrate the asymptotic results. Some phase portraits are presented and the intermediate dynamics and hence the physical properties of the models are discussed.
[ { "created": "Mon, 20 Mar 2000 09:22:55 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-19
[ [ "Coley", "Alan", "" ], [ "Goliath", "Martin", "" ] ]
Self-similar, spherically symmetric cosmological models with a perfect fluid and a scalar field with an exponential potential are investigated. New variables are defined which lead to a compact state space, and dynamical systems methods are utilised to analyse the models. Due to the existence of monotone functions global dynamical results can be deduced. In particular, all of the future and past attractors for these models are obtained and the global results are discussed. The essential physical results are that initially expanding models always evolve away from a massless scalar field model with an initial singularity and, depending on the parameters of the models, either recollapse to a second singularity or expand forever towards a flat power-law inflationary model. The special cases in which there is no barotropic fluid and in which the scalar field is massless are considered in more detail in order to illustrate the asymptotic results. Some phase portraits are presented and the intermediate dynamics and hence the physical properties of the models are discussed.
2004.09384
Shintaro Nakamura
Antonio De Felice, Shintaro Nakamura, Shinji Tsujikawa
Suppressed cosmic growth in coupled vector-tensor theories
25 pages, 3 figures
Phys. Rev. D 102, 063531 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063531
YITP-20-56, WUCG-20-02
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study a coupled dark energy scenario in which a massive vector field $A_{\mu}$ with broken $U(1)$ gauge symmetry interacts with the four-velocity $u_c^{\mu}$ of cold dark matter (CDM) through the scalar product $Z=-u_c^{\mu} A_{\mu}$. This new coupling corresponds to the momentum transfer, so that the background vector and CDM continuity equations do not have explicit interacting terms analogous to the energy exchange. Hence the observational preference of uncoupled generalized Proca theories over the $\Lambda$CDM model can be still maintained at the background level. Meanwhile, the same coupling strongly affects the evolution of cosmological perturbations. While the effective sound speed of CDM vanishes, the propagation speed and no-ghost condition of a longitudinal scalar of $A_{\mu}$ and the CDM no-ghost condition are subject to nontrivial modifications by the $Z$ dependence in the Lagrangian. We propose a concrete dark energy model and show that the gravitational interaction on scales relevant to the linear growth of large-scale structures can be smaller than the Newton constant at low redshifts. This leads to the suppression of growth rates of both CDM and total matter density perturbations, so our model allows an interesting possibility for reducing the tension of matter density contrast $\sigma_8$ between high- and low-redshift measurements.
[ { "created": "Mon, 20 Apr 2020 15:35:26 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 27 Sep 2020 07:40:54 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-09-29
[ [ "De Felice", "Antonio", "" ], [ "Nakamura", "Shintaro", "" ], [ "Tsujikawa", "Shinji", "" ] ]
We study a coupled dark energy scenario in which a massive vector field $A_{\mu}$ with broken $U(1)$ gauge symmetry interacts with the four-velocity $u_c^{\mu}$ of cold dark matter (CDM) through the scalar product $Z=-u_c^{\mu} A_{\mu}$. This new coupling corresponds to the momentum transfer, so that the background vector and CDM continuity equations do not have explicit interacting terms analogous to the energy exchange. Hence the observational preference of uncoupled generalized Proca theories over the $\Lambda$CDM model can be still maintained at the background level. Meanwhile, the same coupling strongly affects the evolution of cosmological perturbations. While the effective sound speed of CDM vanishes, the propagation speed and no-ghost condition of a longitudinal scalar of $A_{\mu}$ and the CDM no-ghost condition are subject to nontrivial modifications by the $Z$ dependence in the Lagrangian. We propose a concrete dark energy model and show that the gravitational interaction on scales relevant to the linear growth of large-scale structures can be smaller than the Newton constant at low redshifts. This leads to the suppression of growth rates of both CDM and total matter density perturbations, so our model allows an interesting possibility for reducing the tension of matter density contrast $\sigma_8$ between high- and low-redshift measurements.
2209.02330
Davide Batic
Davide Batic, Joud Mojahed Faraji, Marek Nowakowski
Possible Connection between Dark Matter and Supermassive Black Holes
23 pages, 19 figures, 13 tables
The European Physical Journal C volume 82, Article number: 759 (2022)
10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10731-0
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Dark Matter (DM) is usually studied in connection with rotational curves in the outskirts of the galaxies. However, the role of DM might be different in the galactic bulges and centers where Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) dominate the gravitational interaction. Indeed, given the fact that DM is the dominant matter species in the Universe, it is natural to assume a close connection between DM and SMBHs. Here we probe into this possibility by constructing stable objects with fuzzy mass distributions based on standard DM profiles. These astrophysical objects come out in three types: a fuzzy droplet without horizon and fuzzy Black Holes (BHs) with one or two horizons. We emphasize that all objects are solutions of Einstein equations. Their effective potentials which govern the motion of a test body, can display a reasonable similarity to the effective potential of a Schwarzschild BH at the galactic center. Therefore, some of our solutions could, in principle, replace the standard BH-picture of the galactic center and, at the same time, have the advantage that they have been composed of the main matter ingredient of the Universe.
[ { "created": "Tue, 6 Sep 2022 09:39:15 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-09-07
[ [ "Batic", "Davide", "" ], [ "Faraji", "Joud Mojahed", "" ], [ "Nowakowski", "Marek", "" ] ]
Dark Matter (DM) is usually studied in connection with rotational curves in the outskirts of the galaxies. However, the role of DM might be different in the galactic bulges and centers where Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) dominate the gravitational interaction. Indeed, given the fact that DM is the dominant matter species in the Universe, it is natural to assume a close connection between DM and SMBHs. Here we probe into this possibility by constructing stable objects with fuzzy mass distributions based on standard DM profiles. These astrophysical objects come out in three types: a fuzzy droplet without horizon and fuzzy Black Holes (BHs) with one or two horizons. We emphasize that all objects are solutions of Einstein equations. Their effective potentials which govern the motion of a test body, can display a reasonable similarity to the effective potential of a Schwarzschild BH at the galactic center. Therefore, some of our solutions could, in principle, replace the standard BH-picture of the galactic center and, at the same time, have the advantage that they have been composed of the main matter ingredient of the Universe.
0908.2895
Haryanto Siahaan
Haryanto M. Siahaan and Triyanta
Semiclassical Methods for Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole
REVTeX 4, 11 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in IJMPA; v2: eq.5 is corrected
Int.J.Mod.Phys.A25:145-153,2010
10.1142/S0217751X1004749X
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
We derive the general form of Hawking temperature for Vaidya black hole in the tunneling pictures. This kind of black hole is regarded as the description of a more realistic one since it's time dependent decreasing mass due to the evaporation process. Clearly, the temperature would be time dependent as our findings. We use the semiclassical methods, namely radial null geodesic and complex paths methods. Both methods are found to give the same results. Then, we discuss the possible form of corresponding entropy.
[ { "created": "Thu, 20 Aug 2009 10:10:21 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 24 Jun 2011 15:36:45 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2011-06-27
[ [ "Siahaan", "Haryanto M.", "" ], [ "Triyanta", "", "" ] ]
We derive the general form of Hawking temperature for Vaidya black hole in the tunneling pictures. This kind of black hole is regarded as the description of a more realistic one since it's time dependent decreasing mass due to the evaporation process. Clearly, the temperature would be time dependent as our findings. We use the semiclassical methods, namely radial null geodesic and complex paths methods. Both methods are found to give the same results. Then, we discuss the possible form of corresponding entropy.
1807.11779
James Read
James Read and Nicholas Teh
The Teleparallel Equivalent of Newton-Cartan Gravity
7 pages, forthcoming in Classical and Quantum Gravity (letters)
null
10.1088/1361-6382/aad70d
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We construct a notion of teleparallelization for Newton-Cartan theory, and show that the teleparallel equivalent of this theory is Newtonian gravity; furthermore, we show that this result is consistent with teleparallelization in general relativity, and can be obtained by null-reducing the teleparallel equivalent of a five-dimensional gravitational wave solution. This work thus strengthens substantially the connections between four theories: Newton-Cartan theory, Newtonian gravitation theory, general relativity, and teleparallel gravity.
[ { "created": "Tue, 31 Jul 2018 12:05:01 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-08-29
[ [ "Read", "James", "" ], [ "Teh", "Nicholas", "" ] ]
We construct a notion of teleparallelization for Newton-Cartan theory, and show that the teleparallel equivalent of this theory is Newtonian gravity; furthermore, we show that this result is consistent with teleparallelization in general relativity, and can be obtained by null-reducing the teleparallel equivalent of a five-dimensional gravitational wave solution. This work thus strengthens substantially the connections between four theories: Newton-Cartan theory, Newtonian gravitation theory, general relativity, and teleparallel gravity.
1111.2177
Zhoujian Cao Dr
Zhoujian Cao, David Hilditch
Numerical stability of the Z4c formulation of general relativity
submitted to PRD
Phys. Rev. D 85, 124032 (2012)
10.1103/PhysRevD.85.124032
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study numerical stability of different approaches to the discretization of a conformal decomposition of the Z4 formulation of general relativity. We demonstrate that in the linear, constant coefficient regime a novel discretization for tensors is formally numerically stable with a method of lines time-integrator. We then perform a full set of apples with apples tests on the non-linear system, and thus present numerical evidence that both the new and standard discretizations are, in some sense, numerically stable in the non-linear regime. The results of the Z4c numerical tests are compared with those of BSSNOK evolutions. We typically do not employ the Z4c constraint damping scheme and find that in the robust stability and gauge wave tests the Z4c evolutions result in lower constraint violation at the same resolution as the BSSNOK evolutions. In the gauge wave tests we find that the Z4c evolutions maintain the desired convergence factor over many more light-crossing times than the BSSNOK tests. The difference in the remaining tests is marginal.
[ { "created": "Wed, 9 Nov 2011 11:33:57 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-01-08
[ [ "Cao", "Zhoujian", "" ], [ "Hilditch", "David", "" ] ]
We study numerical stability of different approaches to the discretization of a conformal decomposition of the Z4 formulation of general relativity. We demonstrate that in the linear, constant coefficient regime a novel discretization for tensors is formally numerically stable with a method of lines time-integrator. We then perform a full set of apples with apples tests on the non-linear system, and thus present numerical evidence that both the new and standard discretizations are, in some sense, numerically stable in the non-linear regime. The results of the Z4c numerical tests are compared with those of BSSNOK evolutions. We typically do not employ the Z4c constraint damping scheme and find that in the robust stability and gauge wave tests the Z4c evolutions result in lower constraint violation at the same resolution as the BSSNOK evolutions. In the gauge wave tests we find that the Z4c evolutions maintain the desired convergence factor over many more light-crossing times than the BSSNOK tests. The difference in the remaining tests is marginal.
gr-qc/0111083
Guest User
G. S. Khadekar and Shilpa Samdurkar (Nagpur University, Nagpur, India)
Multidimensional Homogeneous Cosmological Models in Wesson Theory of Gravitation
latex 4 pages, no figure
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
Higher dimensional solutions are obtained for a homogeneous, spatially isotropic cosmological model in Wesson theory of gravitation. Some cosmological parameter are also calculated for this model.
[ { "created": "Sun, 25 Nov 2001 18:35:57 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 27 Nov 2001 18:03:34 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Khadekar", "G. S.", "", "Nagpur University, Nagpur, India" ], [ "Samdurkar", "Shilpa", "", "Nagpur University, Nagpur, India" ] ]
Higher dimensional solutions are obtained for a homogeneous, spatially isotropic cosmological model in Wesson theory of gravitation. Some cosmological parameter are also calculated for this model.
2308.00111
Marcell Howard
Tatsuya Daniel, Marcell Howard, and Morgane K\"onig
An SZ-Like Effect on Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
29 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to JCAP; Updated draft commensurate with published version: 30 pages, 3 figures
JCAP12(2023)041
10.1088/1475-7516/2023/12/041
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds (CGWBs) are the conglomeration of unresolved gravitational wave signals from early Universe sources, which make them a promising tool for cosmologists. Because gravitons decouple from the cosmic plasma early on, one can consider interactions between gravitons and any particle species that were present in the very early Universe. We show that analogous to the cosmic microwave background, elastic scattering on any cosmological background will induce small distortions in its energy density spectrum. We then quantify the magnitude of these spin-dependent spectral distortions when attributed to the dark matter in the early Universe. Lastly, we give estimates for potentially measurable distortions on CGWBs due to gravitational scattering by primordial black holes.
[ { "created": "Mon, 31 Jul 2023 19:30:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 23 Dec 2023 04:07:27 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-12-27
[ [ "Daniel", "Tatsuya", "" ], [ "Howard", "Marcell", "" ], [ "König", "Morgane", "" ] ]
Cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds (CGWBs) are the conglomeration of unresolved gravitational wave signals from early Universe sources, which make them a promising tool for cosmologists. Because gravitons decouple from the cosmic plasma early on, one can consider interactions between gravitons and any particle species that were present in the very early Universe. We show that analogous to the cosmic microwave background, elastic scattering on any cosmological background will induce small distortions in its energy density spectrum. We then quantify the magnitude of these spin-dependent spectral distortions when attributed to the dark matter in the early Universe. Lastly, we give estimates for potentially measurable distortions on CGWBs due to gravitational scattering by primordial black holes.
gr-qc/9611044
Max Banados
Maximo Banados and Andres Gomberoff
Black Hole Entropy in the Chern-Simons Formulation of 2+1 Gravity
6 pages, RevTeX, minor changes. Old title "Some remarks on Carlip's derivation of the 2+1 black hole entropy". Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Phys.Rev.D55:6162-6167,1997
10.1103/PhysRevD.55.6162
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
We examine Carlip's derivation of the 2+1 Minkowskian black hole entropy. A simplified derivation of the boundary action -valid for any value of the level k- is given.
[ { "created": "Thu, 14 Nov 1996 21:32:08 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 30 Jan 1997 19:04:09 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2011-09-09
[ [ "Banados", "Maximo", "" ], [ "Gomberoff", "Andres", "" ] ]
We examine Carlip's derivation of the 2+1 Minkowskian black hole entropy. A simplified derivation of the boundary action -valid for any value of the level k- is given.