question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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how can many animals breed with their offspring without the issues presented when humans do it? | They still face the same in-breeding issues. Probably a layman's way to start:
_URL_0_ | [
"Natural breedings include inbreeding by necessity, and most animals only migrate when necessary. In many cases, the closest available mate is a mother, sister, grandmother, father, brother, or grandfather. In all cases, the environment presents stresses to remove from the population those individuals who cannot su... |
if world war ii era guns were so good, why did we replace them? what advancements have modern firearms made that warrants replacing standard issue weapons? | After WWII there was a pretty strong effort to look at how small unit engagements had happened and to figure out better weapons and so on from that information. Two big things that became apparent was that it was very rare for small arms to matter much beyond around 300 yards, and that the big factor in small unit suc... | [
"After World War II, the company's introduction of new firearms slowed to a trickle. Increasingly, company fortunes depended upon sales of its increasingly outmoded revolvers and single-barrel shotguns. Without new research and development, most firearms changes were limited to cosmetic updates of existing designs.... |
Is there a point after quitting nicotine where the chemical addiction is back to that of a life-time non-smoker? | The brain goes through chemical changes after years of using addictive substances. These changes seem to be irreversible, the changes to chemical receptors in the brain, coupled with habituation, are reasons why a person becomes addicited in the first place. There is a saying in NA circles "Once an addict, always an ad... | [
"Most smokers, when denied access to nicotine, exhibit withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, jitteriness, dry mouth, and rapid heart beat. The onset of these symptoms is very fast, nicotine's half-life being only 2 hours. The psychological dependence may linger for months or even many years. Unlike some recreat... |
Is there ANY truth to the Atlantis myth and could it be connected to ideas of ancient cultures actually being really technologically advanced? | I am no expert on Plato or the Atlantis story, but there are a couple of things I can add here that may be of use.
The first thing is that Atlantis is a story, used by Plato in the 4th century BC to make a philosophical point about his image of the ideal state. No other ancient source tells us anything about Atlantis.... | [
"Many of its theories are the source of many modern-day concepts about Atlantis, including these: the civilization and technology beyond its time, the origins of all present races and civilizations, and a civil war between good and evil. Much of Donnelly's writing, especially with regard to Atlantis as an explanati... |
When Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter, what did the comets hit? And why didn't they just go straight through the planet...? | Jupiter is believed to have a rocky core, albeit a very small one compared to the planet's volume. The comet fragments hit the gasses that comprise the outer layers of Jupiter; either the fragments disintegrated on impact, or the atmosphere slowed them down until they sank down towards the core. [Marks left by the frag... | [
"The comet was never seen again. Lexell, after conducting further work in cooperation with Pierre-Simon Laplace, argued that a subsequent interaction with Jupiter in 1779 had further perturbed its orbit, either placing it too far from Earth to be seen or perhaps ejecting it from the Solar System altogether. The com... |
how could small mentions and logos on tv possibly convince consumers to buy a product? | No, but it makes you more aware.
Not to mention often times it's to show the quality of what they have.
If you see a NASCAR that wins a lot with a Mr. Lube logo, you are gonna go "Hmm, maybe their stuff is a little better than the other stuff"
Take a show for instance, like Walking Dead. When they are scavenging, if... | [
"To some observers, consumer psychologists have already made the choice for people before they buy a certain product. Marketing is often based on themes and symbols that unconsciously influence consumer behavior.\n",
"Evidence suggests that consumers use information obtained from advertising not only to assess th... |
why can't i rename a file when it's open in another window? | In Windows a program can request something called a "lock" on a file.
This makes it easier for the program to manage the file, because it knows that nothing can alter the file until the program is finished with it. It also protects the user from overwriting the file with another program.
For example, Microsoft Word ... | [
"One artifact of this approach is that the system can easily be tricked into treating a file as a different format simply by renaming it—an HTML file can, for instance, be easily treated as plain text by renaming it from to . Although this strategy was useful to expert users who could easily understand and manipula... |
how do they get scenes with mirrors in movies without showing the camera in the mirror? | I'm friends with one of the compositors from Black Swan (who also did CGI on one of the movies I did). To film around a mirror and not see the camera is a complex dance of geometry and software. One of the first things that the scene compositor is going to need is what is called "clean plates". What a clean plate is is... | [
"In a mirror rig the two cameras look through a beamsplitter. One camera sees right through it. The other one captures the reflected image. One camera is placed above or below the other one at a ninety-degree angle.\n",
"Originally a small device, called the video tap, was installed inside a movie camera that all... |
Why don't I get an electric shock touching the pan on my induction cooktop? | There is a current induced, but the metallic pan does not build up an electrical charge. The net voltage of the pan remains the same as it was, the mobile charges within the pan are simply "pushed around" by the magnetic field. | [
"In power transmission systems, one side of the circuit, known as the neutral, is grounded to dissipate static electricity and to reduce hazardous voltages caused by insulation failure and other electrical faults. It is possible to get a shock by only touching the \"hot\" wire, due to the person's body being capaci... |
i've heard that we are attracted to those that differ genetically, but also those that are similar in physical appearance...but i feel like someone who doesn't look like us is more likely to have more genetic differences. how do these two work together? | > will I be more physically attracted to (or will my "chemistry" work more with) someone of another race (with very little physical similarities) who also has wildly different genetics than me
A key thing to understand here is that differing races are *not* a good indicator of wildly divergent genetics. You can easi... | [
"People tend to select mates who are like themselves. This holds for both physical appearance and mental traits. People commonly rank faces similar to their own as more attractive, trustworthy, etc. than average. However, Bereczkei (2004) attributes this in part to childhood imprinting on the opposite-sex parent. T... |
how exactly does medicine work? | The most common route is taking medication by mouth - the oral route. From here the medication has a journey to make that starts from our mouths to the target area.
**Drugs In The Digestive System:**
Once medicines reach the stomach they may start to dissolve. However, some pills that are in capsule form will remai... | [
"Medicine is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedic... |
why pointing a laser in someone's eye is bad? | Lasers are concentrated lights and produces alot of heat in a single spot, it can burn part of the retina (essential part of the eye) and you can go blind from it. | [
"Some lasers have the potential to cause eye damage if aimed directly into the eye, or if someone were to stare directly into a stationary laser beam. Some high-power lasers used in entertainment applications can also cause burns or skin damage if enough energy is directed onto the human body and at a close enough ... |
What is the difference in carbon the humans created vs. natural? | The difference is in the carbon atom of the carbondioxide molecule. Carbon exists in multiple variations, called isotopes. The most common isotope is carbon-12 (^(12)C). ^(12)C is stable and makes up for about 99% of all the carbon. ^(13)C is also stable and makes up for about 1% of all the carbon. ^(14)C is where thin... | [
"Carbon is a key element to all known life. It is in all organic compounds, for example, DNA, steroids, and proteins. Carbon's importance to life is primarily due to its ability to form numerous bonds with other elements. There are 16 kilograms of carbon in a typical 70-kilogram human.\n",
"Carbon is a key compon... |
why does my body only let me sleep in one position? | Doctors tend to suggest establishing a bedtime routine to make falling asleep easier. That's because your brain makes associations between, say, being in bed and sleeping. Subconsciously, you're like "Oh, okay I'm in this place, there's these sounds and smells etc, it's sleep time". In this case, you're used to sleepin... | [
"Sleeping in the supine position is believed to make the sleeper more vulnerable to episodes of sleep paralysis because in this sleeping position it is possible for the soft palate to collapse and obstruct the airway. This is a possibility regardless of whether the individual has been diagnosed with sleep apnea or ... |
Why were German tank engines in WW2 terrible when it came to power to weight ratios? Specifically the panzer 4, panther and Tiger tanks. | In general, power-to-weight ratio (in terms of the power and weight of just the engine itself) is not a very important property in a tank engine (compactness is much more important). This is because the performance of the tank is determined by the ratio of the engine's horsepower to the overall weight of the vehicle, o... | [
"Engine power was a primary limitation on the tanks; the roughly one hundred horsepower engines gave a power-to-weight ratio of 3.3 hp/ton (2.5 kW/ton). By the end of the 20th century, power-to-weight ratios exceeded 20 hp/ton (15 kW/ton).\n",
"The United Kingdom, the USA, the Soviet Union, and France produced si... |
Is my central heating system any more efficient at converting power to heat than my PC or computer monitors? | Do you have a heat pump or does it just use resistive heating (like a stove)? A heat pump moves much more energy from the surrounding environment than it consumes in electricity so if your home uses a heat pump then your hvac will be much more efficient. _URL_0_ | [
"A test in 2005 revealed computer power supplies are generally about 70–80% efficient. For a 75% efficient power supply to produce 75 W of DC output it would require 100 W of AC input and dissipate the remaining 25 W in heat. Higher-quality power supplies can be over 80% efficient; as a result, energy-efficient PSU... |
Were there any civilian casualties, massacres, or war crimes during the American revolutionary war like those portrayed in Mel Gibson's "The Patriot?" | The scene from the movie was actually based on German war crimes carried out in Italy during World War II. No none instance of anything similar occurred during the Revolutionary War. That's not to say war crimes didn't happen or that civilians were never targeted. However there is simply [no evidence](_URL_0_) of Br... | [
"BULLET::::- 1778 – Cherry Valley massacre: Loyalists and Seneca Indian forces attack a fort and village in eastern New York during the American Revolutionary War, killing more than forty civilians and soldiers.\n",
"During the American Revolutionary War, Walter Butler, a New York Loyalist, led a mixed force of I... |
what is the limiting factor that prevents an object from traveling at (or close to) the speed of light? | It's not a friction or loss of energy, it's a fundamental law of the universe (at least in relativity, which is our best explanation of how the universe works so far). What happens is that the faster something is moving, the more energy it takes to accelerate it further, and to reach *c* it takes an infinite amount of ... | [
"This formula shows that the work expended accelerating an object from rest approaches infinity as the velocity approaches the speed of light. Thus it is impossible to accelerate an object across this boundary.\n",
"For distances \"D\" larger than the radius of the Hubble sphere \"r\" , objects recede at a rate f... |
how does anarcho-communism take effect without immediately turning into anarcho-capitalism? | It doesn't.
Although 'anarco-capitalism' doesn't exist either. Both concepts rely on a failure to grasp the fundamental indifference between themselves and 'normal' capitalism. | [
"Anarcho-capitalism advocates the elimination of the state in favour of self-ownership in a free market. Anarcho-capitalism developed from radical American anti-state libertarianism and individualist anarchism, drawing from Austrian School economics, study of law and economics and public choice theory. There is a s... |
how does c-4 detonation work? | C-4 is an engineered explosive, specifically made to be insensitive to shock. You want soldiers to carry it around in case they need it, and if a stray bullet could cause someone's backpack to explode - there would be less volunteers to carry it around.
The key is to create a highly concentrated shockwave. A detonat... | [
"In the two-point linear implosion, the nuclear fuel is cast into a solid shape and placed within the center of a cylinder of high explosive. Detonators are placed at either end of the explosive cylinder, and a plate-like insert, or \"shaper\", is placed in the explosive just inside the detonators. When the detonat... |
people say the quran is about peace and love, and that terrorists take certain texts out of context. what texts are those and what context are they mistaking it for? | The true answer is nobody is right.
All major holy books including the Bible, the Torah and the Quran have some seriously immoral passage in them. Different people have different interpretation of their holy book and for most of them their interpretation is the right one and others are wrong.
People will found what t... | [
"The Quran, the holy book of Islam, contains verses believed by Muslims to be revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad at different times and under different circumstances – some exhorting violence against enemies and others urging restraint and conciliation. Because some verses abrogate others, and because some ar... |
how do territories, specifically puerto rico, work in the u.s.? | They have a non voting representative in the House of Representatives. They have no representation in the US Senate or electoral college. They do not pay Federal Income tax, although they do have Social Security and Medicare taxes pulled from their paychecks, and are eligible to receive benefits from those programs. Fe... | [
"Puerto Rico is an organized unincorporated U.S. territory which has been given internal self-governing powers which are referred to as \"Commonwealth\" status. (The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, located in the western Pacific Ocean, has a similar delegation of self-government powers by the United S... |
What is the probability of having a completely normal child? (ie no genetic disease, defects and such) | What do you count as a defect? Some people might count a birthmark as a defect, others might say a short kid is defective. | [
"Some genetic susceptibility may play a minor role in most cases. Overall, however, genetics is believed to be the primary cause of 5–10% of all cases. Women whose mother was diagnosed before 50 have an increased risk of 1.7 and those whose mother was diagnosed at age 50 or after has an increased risk of 1.4. In th... |
how do animals freeze to death while moving? | "Freezing" means allowing the body to cool to a temperature that isn't compatible to live. Movement (and live in general) generates heat, so freezing means the animal is losing more heat than it can produce by muscular effort or other means under the circumstances it is in.
To put that in numbers: A human is able to ... | [
"Freezing behavior or the freeze response is a reaction to specific stimuli, most commonly observed in prey animals. When a prey animal has been caught and completely overcome by the predator, it may respond by \"freezing up\" of in other words by staying complety still. Studies typically assess a conditioned freez... |
why is it that during takeoff, you are not supposed to be using laptops and phones on a flight? does it really mess with stuff in the cockpit? | Your cell phone is not going to make a plane crash. Trust me, we put a lot of work into these things.
What you might do is cause some noise on some of the communication lines, if a bunch of people are all doing it at once. You're not going to kill anything, but when the pilot keeps having to ask the tower to repeat ... | [
"Mobile phone use on aircraft is starting to be allowed with several airlines already offering the ability to use phones during flights. Mobile phone use during flights used to be prohibited and many airlines still claim in their in-plane announcements that this prohibition is due to possible interference with airc... |
Why does the gravitational force seem to dominate the universe as opposed to the electrical force. | Because planets, galaxies and other astronomical objects are, for the most part, electrically neutral. The fact that they're electrically neutral, in turn, can be partially explained by the relative strength of electrical forces versus gravitational forces. At close distance, electrical forces are much more powerful, a... | [
"Even though electromagnetism is far stronger than gravitation, electrostatic attraction is not relevant for large celestial bodies, such as planets, stars, and galaxies, simply because such bodies contain equal numbers of protons and electrons and so have a net electric charge of zero. Nothing \"cancels\" gravity,... |
During the times of the supercontinents, could there have been other, separate land masses that simply no longer exist? | Continental crust is not subducted like ocean crust is, and so is not lost. It can be compressed in continent-continent collisions, and it can be eroded down so that previous land area is turned into a shallow sea, but it's still pretty clearly distinct from ocean crust. So any large landmasses that existed during the ... | [
"As the surface continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke apart. They migrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly , the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pan... |
why are western powers declining military intervention in crimea, in favor of strong language and sanctions? | You want world war 3? Cause this is how you get world war 3. We don't need to flex our muscles to anyone (that's childish). | [
"By the end of January 2012, a resolution proposal, competing with the Russian proposal of December 2011, had been drafted by Western and Arab powers which did not condemn violence by both sides and did not rule out military intervention. Russia indicated that it would not agree to the Western-Arab draft, and that ... |
what does a radiation treatment for cancer actually entail? what do the doctors do? is it different for different kinds/locations of cancer? | There are 2 main types of radiation treatment which depend on what kind of cancer, location, equipment available, etc. for which one you get. The first type is a general area radiation dose: imagine the area pictured in an x-ray, and that area getting the radiation dose because that's generally where the cancer is. T... | [
"Radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, is often used to treat all stages of prostate cancer. It is also often used after surgery if the surgery was not successful at curing the cancer. Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation to kill prostate cancer cells. When absorbed in tissue, ionizing radiation such as ga... |
why is one of the most patriotic british anthems used as the american graduation song? | Simple answer, because it's a catchy tune.
But then you said
> It's like British graduation ceremonies using Star Spangled Banner.
I guess you don't know where the music to the Star Spangled Banner came from.
| [
"Joseph Hopkinson arranged the piece with lyrics and titled it \"Hail Columbia\". It was first performed by at the Chestnut Street Theatre on April 25, 1798. It is best known under this title and was once a strong candidate for U.S. national anthem, though today it has, unlike other candidates, such as \"America th... |
is it a crazy coincidence that the moon perfectly blocks out the sun? | Yes, it's just luck.
The Moon is slowly moving away and the Sun is slowly growing. In a million years it won't be big enough for total eclipses anymore. | [
"If the Moon were in a perfectly circular orbit, a little closer to the Earth, and in the same orbital plane, there would be total solar eclipses every new moon. However, since the Moon's orbit is tilted at more than 5 degrees to the Earth's orbit around the Sun, its shadow usually misses Earth. A solar eclipse can... |
when water evaporates, what happens? | Individual water molecules bump around, some gaining energy while others lose energy. Some gain enough energy to escape into the air. This is evaporation. If there's energy being added to the system such as sunlight or your body's heat, molecules will overall gain energy faster and thus release into the air faster. Con... | [
"Evaporation generally deals with evaporation of water from a mixture or solution, containing another liquid or fine solids. This concentrated stream is in most cases the product and as such the only waste stream is pure water, which poses no risk to the environment and may be disposed into the stormwater/ sewage s... |
stocks, dividends and this questions | Think of a share as a little black box. The share price is the amount of money someone is willing to buy or sell that box for.
Sometimes, this box shoots out some money. This is a dividend. In your case these dividends happen twice a year.
| [
"A high dividend yield indicates undervaluation of the stock because the stock's dividend is high relative to the stock price. High dividend yields are a particularly sought after by income and value investors. High-yield stocks tend to outperform low yield and no yield stocks during bear markets because many inves... |
What would be the effects of a baby being conceived and being born on a larger or smaller planet? | [This article] (_URL_0_) reviews research on the effects of gravity on cell signaling in the immune system. The research suggests cell signaling is *gravisensitive*, susceptible to gravity or absence thereof. Development relies heavily on cell signaling, I know for certain neural migration is majorly dependent on cell ... | [
"Infants born to young mothers who are not fully developed are found to have low birth weights. The level of maternal nutrition during pregnancy can affect newborn baby body size and composition. Iodine-deficiency in mothers usually causes brain damage in their offspring, and some cases cause extreme physical and m... |
why are there different answers as to how many countries there are in the world? | First, let me explain three different things:
* State: A region that is unified by an officially recognized governing body.
* Country: A region with its unique political structure and culture, but it may not necessarily have an officially recognized government on the international level. Historically, they might hav... | [
"The randomly selected countries could be any country (or territory) in the world. This included the large and well-known regions (Russia, Canada, United States, etc.) as well as smaller and more obscure nations (Palau, Djibouti, Togo, etc.). Most participants had little trouble recognizing the major European and A... |
where do internet providers get their internet from and why can't we make our own? | The Internet is the colloquial term for Interconnected Networks. Your ISP has an arrangement with one or more other companies, who in turn have agreements with yet more companies.
Some of these organisations spend lots of money to run physical cables across the planet in the expectation that their cables will be used ... | [
"Many large companies that are not Internet service providers need to be permanently connected to the web to send email, files, etc. to other sites. The company may use the computer as a website host to provide details of their goods and services and facilities for online orders.\n",
"Public internet services are... |
if you voluntarily took a lot of antibiotics everyday of your life would you eventually ruin your immune system? | It wouldn’t even be eventually. Antibiotics ruin your gut flora right away. You have to rebuild it. | [
"Prevention is by hand washing, terminal room cleaning in hospital, and limiting antibiotic use. Discontinuation of antibiotics may result in resolution of symptoms within three days in about 20% of those infected. Often the antibiotics metronidazole, vancomycin or fidaxomicin will cure the infection. Retesting aft... |
So, I just heard about 4K TVs. How high can screen resolution get before the human eye can't perceive the increasing quality anymore? | There is are some studies that say we cannot perceive differences above about 300ppi (points per inch) at reading distance. Which is actually the resolution Apple is trying to get with their Retina displays (which are more than 200ppi in the Iphone). So the answer depends on how far you are from the screen and what ang... | [
"The human visual system has a limited ability to discern improvements in resolution when picture elements are already small enough or distant enough from the viewer. At some home-viewing distances and current TV sizes, HD resolution is near the limits of resolution for the eye and increasing resolution to 4K has l... |
if king (maker of candy crush saga) can trademark the words 'candy' and 'saga', why aren't other companies doing the same, for things like 'chips' (in lay's potato chips), or other common words? | They try. Frequently. It usually just gets thrown out of court. | [
"In January 2014, King attracted controversy after attempting to trademark the words \"Candy\" and \"Saga\" in game titles. This directly impacted Stoic's trademark request for \"The Banner Saga\", to which King filed an opposition, calling the name \"deceptively similar\" to King games. Stoic said that the dispute... |
How many times has the Milgram experiment been conducted since its first try, and has there been a significant change in results? | _URL_0_
It would seem the results are still the same.
In general the experiment would not pass Human Subject Review in most Universities today so any replication is going to be outside of the US and/or for "entertainment." | [
"The results of the LEP experiments allowed precise values of many quantities of the Standard Model—most importantly the mass of the Z boson and the W boson (which were discovered in 1983 at an earlier CERN collider, the Proton-Antiproton Collider) to be obtained—and so confirm the Model and put it on a solid basis... |
why do many movies have knock-off looking user interfaces and operating systems when showing a computer or cell phone? | Because licensing the rights to Microsoft or Verizon or anything cost money everything in a movie or show that shows a brand name is there because the company paid for the advertisement. It is more economical for them to go with whatever is cheaper. And if a company doesn't want to pay for the product placement or the ... | [
"Common 21st-century computer technology not depicted in the film include keyboards, mice, mobile phones, touch screens, interfaces with windows/menus/icons. Although there are devices that resemble tablet computers, they are only used in the film as portable video screens.\n",
"Computer screen film or desktop fi... |
Recommended reading on the history of medieval guilds? | The standard work on the subject is probably Steven A. Epstein's *Wage Labor and Guilds in Medieval Europe*. While I haven't had a chance to read it yet myself, the reviews are overall positive. Germany is apparently almost entirely ignored, while parts of the Low Countries and Rhineland receive less focus than they de... | [
"Through the medieval and early modern period, Worcester developed a system of craft guilds. Guilds regulated who could work in a trade, trade practices and training, and provided social support for members.\n",
"The guilds of Florence were secular corporations that controlled the arts and trades in Florence from... |
Why the reverence for the Founding Fathers? | It's not just about the enduring power of the Constitution, though that certainly has a lot to do with it. It is about national mythologies. Every nation has some sense of what defines them against other peoples. In many European countries this often includes an ethnic element- look at modern France where there is a lo... | [
"The \"Founding Fathers\" were strong advocates of republican values, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.\n",
"Within the large group known as \"the Founding Fathers\", there are two key sub... |
starcraft 2 (in terms of the competitive game play) | This is a really basic introduction _URL_0_ | [
"Multiplayer on \"StarCraft\" is powered through Blizzard Entertainment's Battle.net Internet service. Through this, a maximum of eight players can compete in a variety of game modes, including simply destroying all other players (which may be competitive, as in Ladder play, or non-ranked, as in melee play), to kin... |
why can't most people clear their mind (or thinking about nothing)? | You can't think about nothing because you're thinking about thinking about nothing, and thinking about what you're trying not to think about. | [
"One may wonder why we continue to think in counterfactual ways if these thoughts tend to make us feel guilty or negatively about an outcome. One of the functional reasons for this is to correct for mistakes and to avoid making them again in the future. If a person is able to consider another outcome based on a dif... |
Inherited Musket, Can Anyone Identify? | If nobody on here can help you, it might be worth posting to /r/guns :D | [
"Cossack with rifle, sometimes as Knight with rifle or Cossack with musket (, Lytsar iz samopalom) is a former national emblem of the Cossack Hetmanate (Zaporizhian Host). In 20th century it was the official national emblem of Ukrainian State.\n",
"The Heilongjiang hand cannon is also often considered by some to ... |
why do we seek thrill through dangerous activities if from a benificiary perspective, that would be detrimental to the well-being of the species? | The vast majority of people do *not* do that. What percentage of the population rides motorcycles, or has gone bungie jumping, or skydiving? Also consider that *most* of those dangerous activities are perfectly safe if done with the correct safety measures. We have a *lot* of stuff in place to keep us safe. | [
"The effect of beliefs about dangers on behaviors intended to protect what is considered valuable is pointed at as an example of total decoupling of ought from is being impossible. A very basic example is that if the value is that rescuing people is good, different beliefs on whether or not there is a human being i... |
When someone suffers brain damage due to lack of oxygen to the brain, what is happening and what affects their degree of recovery? | When there is hypoxia the brain undergoes ischemia and necrosis. The degree which this happens depends on blood supply to the area. If it is a watershed area there is greater damage as there isn't enough collateral circulation to the point of injury.
As for recovery - yes. The penumbra is the area at risk during a ... | [
"Brain damage can occur both during and after oxygen deprivation. During oxygen deprivation, cells die due to an increasing acidity in the brain tissue (acidosis). Additionally, during the period of oxygen deprivation, materials that can easily create free radicals build up. When oxygen enters the tissue these mate... |
how are translators able to translate a large volume of text spoken by someone else in a live setting with near perfect accuracy? | These aren't *translators*, but *interpreters*. Interpreters work with spoken language, translators with written language.
The answer really is that it's a highly specialized skill. And at an event as prestigious as the Cannes Festival, they will have some of the best and most experienced interpreters on hand.
Such a... | [
"Depending on the translator's experience and nature or the text, the translator might need to assess the degree of difficulty and type of difficulty in a text, such as whether they are able to translate the text properly in a timely manner, or whether there are more specific translation problems that they do not u... |
why can dry heaving make you feel better even though nothing comes up? | Your body is dry heaving because it wants you to vomit. It knows that something is in your body which shouldn't be (alcohol, or a virus), and it is attempting to get it out ASAP.
However, your body can't always detect whether you've actually vomited or not, so it will often shut off the instinct after you've been hea... | [
"Retching (also known as dry heaving) is the reverse movement (retroperistalsis) of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting. It can be caused by bad smell or choking, or by withdrawal from some medications after vomiting stops. Retching can also occur as a result of an emotional response or from stress, which pr... |
why do benzodiazepines relieve my neck pain? | Muscles being tense is actually a brain issue. The brain has 'forgotten' to send the correct relaxation signal to a muscle that has been tensed for a while. The brain gets used to the muscle's current state and doesn't do anything about it, just continuing to tell it to do the same thing. If the muscles are very tense,... | [
"Benzodiazepines are often used to reduce anxiety symptoms, muscle tension, seizure disorders, insomnia, symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, and panic attack symptoms. Their action is primarily on specific benzodiazepine sites on the GABA receptor. This receptor complex is thought to mediate the anxiolytic, sedative, a... |
how do radio stations get traffic reports? | * Call in tips
* Live Cameras on some roads
* Communication with the police / transportation authority for accidents, incidents and construction.
* Google maps
* Airplanes and helicopters
These are the main ones and aside from google most have been in use for decades. | [
"Traffic Radio was not designed as a competitor to local radio stations in the UK, many of whom provide travel information. It was a continuous spoken information service meaning people can quickly switch on for the latest traffic information before switching back to whichever station they were listening to.\n",
... |
How is a child born addicted to something? | It's not necessarily that the baby is addicted, but rather it has a tolerance to the drugs it was exposed to in the womb.
When someone (adult or baby) uses drugs for a while the body responds by creating more receptors which the drug binds to, so after a while a dose which is higher than a previous dose would give the... | [
"Some claim the existence of “addictive beliefs” in people more likely to develop addictions, such as “I cannot make an impact on my world” or “I am not good enough”, which may lead to developing traits associated with addiction, such as depression and emotional insecurity. People who strongly believe that they con... |
How do arrangements of atoms produce odor? | Our sense of smell, known as Olfaction, is controlled by[ a host of sensory cells in our nose](_URL_0_). To put it simply, our sense of smell is just a translation of chemicals that enter our nose and come into contact with the [Olfactory receptor neuron ](_URL_1_)to something our brain can perceive as good or bad. If... | [
"When atoms/molecules are separated by a third medium(rather than vacuum), the situation becomes more complex. In aqueous solutions, the effects of dispersion forces between atoms/molecules are frequently less pronounced due to competition with polarizable solvent molecules. That is, the instantaneous fluctuations ... |
Is there a theoretical limit to the melting point of a material? | Certainly.
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a material. Which also means that temperature is a measure of the average available energy for reactions, in the form of molecular kinetic energy. Depending on the structure of a molecule it may be possible that it would take less en... | [
"An attempt to predict the bulk melting point of crystalline materials was first made in 1910 by Frederick Lindemann. The idea behind the theory was the observation that the average amplitude of thermal vibrations increases with increasing temperature. Melting initiates when the amplitude of vibration becomes large... |
the difference between a cat5 cable and a cat6 cable, and how will it affect my bandwidth? | The only differences between the different cable types are how they're rated to stand up against interference. CAT-5 can handle 100Mb Ethernet. CAT-5E can generally handle Gigabit Ethernet, except in the worst environments. CAT-6 is certified to carry Gigabit Ethernet, even in the worst environments. | [
"Category 2 cable, also known as Cat 2, is a grade of unshielded twisted pair cabling designed for telephone and data communications. The maximum frequency suitable for transmission over Cat 2 cable is 4 MHz, and the maximum bandwidth is 4 Mbit/s. Cat 2 cable contains 4 pairs of wires, or 8 wires total.\n",
"Cate... |
Do certain colors in a digital image affect its size (in bytes) | For an uncompressed image format, no. All pixels are saved using the full range of data for each pixel (ex, 24 bits per pixel is 3 bytes per colour.)
For compressed pictures, it's not the colour itself, but rather the variations around it that will affect size, since lossy compression (such as jpeg) saves data by ... | [
"The number of distinct colors a pixel can represent depends on color depth expressed in the number of bits per pixel. A common way to reduce the amount of data required in digital video is by chroma subsampling (e.g., 4:4:4, 4:2:2, etc.). Because the human eye is less sensitive to details in color than brightness,... |
How did the PRC reconstruct the narrative of historical Sino-Tibetan relations to justify Tibet's inclusion within Communist China? | Though someone might want to give a more detailed response the short answer is the PRC's justification for their borders is a historically revisionist maximum, or in other terms Mao looked at the historical maximum that any one border once was at any time in known Chinese history and decided that that would be where th... | [
"Both the PRC and their predecessors the Kuomintang (ROC) had always maintained that Tibet was a part of China. The PRC also proclaimed an ideological motivation to liberate the Tibetans from a theocratic feudal system. In September 1949, shortly before the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China, the Chines... |
Why did the collapse of the Soviet Union not lead to Belarus's liberalization and integration into 'Europe'? | There is no direct connection between Lukashenko and Soviet Communist regime - he only come to power in 1994, and it probably took him some time to neutralize all the opposition etc. In the period immediately after 1991, Belarus was a democracy* .
* at least theoretically, don't really know enough about that. | [
"From 1991–1995, all sectors of the national economy were affected by the profound economic crisis, triggered by the collapse of the Soviet Union. At first, this event triggered the end of traditional economic processes, the sharp drop in the economic capacity of enterprises and of the population of the republics o... |
why are there multiple methods for measuring electricity? (volts, amps, watts, etc.) | They mean different things. Instead of electrons, imagine you're measuring a water pipe.
How wide is it? That's resistance.
How much pressure is inside? That's voltage.
How fast is the water flowing? That's amperage.
The water is turning a waterwheel as it passes, how much energy is that using? That's wattage. | [
"Since power is defined as the product of current and voltage, the ampere can alternatively be expressed in terms of the other units using the relationship I=P/V, and thus 1 ampere equals 1 W/V. Current can be measured by a multimeter, a device that can measure electrical voltage, current, and resistance.\n",
"Th... |
What happened when Attila tried to take Constantinople? | Ya pretty much throwing money, although I haven't seen the movie.
In the fifth century Constantinople's defenses were strengthened during the reign of Theodosius II. At this time the Byzantines were facing numerous "Barbarian" threats, particularly the Vandals raiding maritime trade and coasts. Constantinople could ... | [
"Constantinople was considered as a bastion of Christianity that defended Europe from the advancing forces of Islam, and the Fourth Crusade's sack of the city dealt an irreparable blow to this eastern bulwark. Although the Greeks retook Constantinople after 57 years of Latin rule, the Byzantine Empire had been crip... |
What is Quantum Field Theory? | This had just popped up on the front page a few days ago, take a look at the explanation by [Sean Carroll](_URL_0_). He answers the question very basically there, though if you watch the entire lecture he goes into further detail. | [
"A classical field theory is a physical theory that predicts how one or more physical fields interact with matter through field equations. The term 'classical field theory' is commonly reserved for describing those physical theories that describe electromagnetism and gravitation, two of the fundamental forces of na... |
how come we speak louder when our ears are suppressed, despite knowing that we don't need to? | It's an unconscious feedback mechanism meant to counter a loud environment, but doesn't take into account biological or artificial lessened hearing ability. | [
"\"We are so accustomed to silence, but silence doesn’t mean surrender. We can’t stop shouting simply because our voices are low; we can’t do nothing simply because our power is weak. It’s okay to be chided, it’s okay to be misunderstood, it’s okay to be overlooked. But it’s just I no longer want to keep silent.\"\... |
is it possible for a liquid (or any other material) to save your life when falling at terminal velocity? | [Someone jumped out of a plane with no parachute at 25,000 ft and landed on a net](_URL_0_). | [
"Liquid immersion provides a way to reduce the physical stress of G forces. Forces applied to fluids are distributed as omnidirectional pressures. Because liquids cannot be practically compressed, they do not change density under high acceleration such as performed in aerial maneuvers or space travel. A person imme... |
why do i get insane amounts of motivation right before i fall asleep? | Probably because we realise we're out of time for the day, and that's when we regret the day's inaction and try and make amends. | [
"Kirkham told the \"Yorkshire Post\": \"It's something that's caused me fitful sleep in the time I've been thinking about it. I've no hobby, this is my hobby – it's what I do. I'm an entrepreneur. It's almost as if I can feel the adrenaline running through my veins.\"\n",
"A person, then, who fears (i.e. experien... |
Did ancient South/Central American people use the wheel? | Yes, but not for carts. Instead Mesoamericans made fantastic [ceramic toys, mainly dogs, on wheels](_URL_0_). [Spindle whorls](_URL_1_) were used throughout South and North America for twisting yarn. The Nazca culture of Peru created rotating discs for painting ceramics in the round (*not* pottery wheels) that have bee... | [
"Although large-scale use of wheels did not occur in the Americas prior to European contact, numerous small wheeled artifacts, identified as children's toys, have been found in Mexican archeological sites, some dating to about 1500 BCE. It is thought that the primary obstacle to large-scale development of the wheel... |
How are lungs able to hold air and not deflate when punctured by a needle in hospitals to get fluids out and such? | Also, fluid is rarely aspirated from the lungs, it's more than likely taken from the pleural sac that surrounds the lungs. Fluid in the lungs is managed differently than fluid between the lungs and the pleural lining. | [
"Sectors in the syringe and needle market include disposable and safety syringes, injection pens, needleless injectors, insulin pumps, and specialty needles. Hypodermic syringes are used with hypodermic needles to inject liquid or gases into body tissues, or to remove from the body. Injecting of air into a blood ve... |
Why do plant cells contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria? Couldn't the cells use energy from chloroplasts alone? | Contrary to the answers below ATP **is** produced within the chloroplast. ATP synthase is located in the thylakoid membrane/space and does make use of the proton motive force generated by either cyclic or non cyclic photophosphorylation. But - the ATP produced in the chloroplast just isn't enough to compared to the amo... | [
"Chloroplasts and mitochondria are energy-converting organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts in plant cells perform photosynthesis; the capture and conversion of the energy of sunlight. Mitochondria in both plant and animal cells perform respiration; the release of this stored energy when work... |
how did colors get their names? | Okay, ignore all the folk etymology bullshit that people are telling you.
First of all: [Etymonline](_URL_0_) will allow you to trace any individual color word's evolution.
Second of all: In our language, the colors underwent a strange and hazy transformation that is difficult to reconstruct. We know that many of the... | [
"Most names of colors originate from the names of plants, flowers, and animals that bore or resembled them. Certain colors and dyeing techniques have been used since the Asuka period, while others had been developed as late as the Meiji period when synthetic dyes became common.\n",
"\"Systematic color names\": Th... |
does tourette's really cause some people to cuss randomly and if so why those phrases? or if that is just a stereotype why is it such a common false stereotype? | People with Tourette’s have a tic. A tic is an uncontrollable, repeated movement or sound, this would include cuss words. I think the reason it’s become so widely associated with Tourette’s is because it’s such a strange symptom of a disorder. I have a tic disorder (must last longer than a year to be classified as Tou... | [
"The typical clinomorphism of Tourette's is both an oversimplification and a conflation of various aspects and conditions pertaining to some persons with Tourette syndrome. Some people with Tourette syndrome do have involuntary offensive speech which is termed coprolalia and is sometimes clinomorphised into the ter... |
Why do you always need an article in Romance languages? | This question is probably better for /r/linguistics.
However, there are an important note I can make. Latin's descendants didn't get articles from Germanic invaders. They're all Latin words, repurposed into articles. Use of articles was likely a feature developed in Vulgar Latin, which is the ancestor of the Romanc... | [
"It is difficult to place the point in which the definite article, absent in Latin but present in all Romance languages, arose, largely because the highly colloquial speech in which it arose was seldom written down until the daughter languages had strongly diverged; most surviving texts in early Romance show the ar... |
What would happen if we got rid of the the junk dna in us? | The short answer is that we don't know. It's an area of active research.
In fact, the term "junk DNA" itself is falling out of vogue. It's much more proper to refer to DNA sequence as coding or non-coding. The role of coding DNA is more obvious and thus was discovered first, but we're coming to find the non-coding ... | [
"In response to the claim that uses have been found for \"junk\" DNA, proponents note that the fact that some non-coding DNA has a purpose does not establish that all non-coding DNA has a purpose, and that the human genome does include pseudogenes that are nonfunctional \"junk\", with others noting that some sectio... |
How does natural selection work for bees/ants/etc.? | Try not to think of the workers as an individual looking out for themselves but as a part of the entire process.
The ant colony has evolved to produce workers as a means of defense, food collection, etc... the reproductive elements are a waste of the genetic resources. Nature rewards economic simplicity.
| [
"Natural Selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are selected to survive and reproduce more offspring. Natural selection selects for the phenotype or the characteristics of an organism that gives the organism a reproductive advantage in which it becomes the gene pool... |
how is sound quality increased? | Here's the analogy - a computer understands data as straight lines - a square is 4 straight lines at 90 degree angles. An octagon is 8 straight lines at 135 degree angles, etc. Sound is like a circle. In order to understand it, the computer has to turn it into a shape made of straight lines. Software encoding and bit r... | [
"Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (such as sound cards, speakers and headphones). Furthermore, sufficient quality may be achieved by a lesser quality setting for lectures and human sp... |
Is there such a thing is DNA reprogramming? | Nonsense?
I think you are showing a great deal of restraint to describe *that* as nonsense.
I'm trying to describe just how insane that article is but words are failing me. | [
"In biology, reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. Such control is also often associated with alternative covalent modifications of histones.\n",
"PCR allows isolation of DNA fragments from genomic DNA by selec... |
why do we call that bone in our elbow the "funny bone" if it's not even a bone? | The name of the bone in the upper arm is the humerus which, obviously, sounds just like the word humorous which means funny. When you hit your "funny bone," it's the ulnar nerve that you're actually hitting which runs just underneath the skin at the end of the humerus/actual funny bone. | [
"The ulnar nerve lies at the distal end of the humerus near the elbow. When struck, it can cause a distinct tingling sensation, and sometimes a significant amount of pain. It is sometimes popularly referred to as 'the funny bone', possibly due to this sensation (a \"funny\" feeling), as well as the fact that the bo... |
Was there ever any statehood movements in areas occupied by American Troops in the years following WW2? | The US offered to purchase Greenland (which we had occupied during the war) from Denmark in 1946; Denmark declined the offer. In Sicily, among the various nationalist/secessionist movements, there was one which sought to breakaway from Italy and become a US state. | [
"On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the Secretary of War to designate military commanders to prescribe military areas and to exclude \"any or all persons\" from such areas. The order also authorized the construction of what would later be called \"rel... |
What happens to the empty space when an oil well or oil rig depletes the source? | [The ground subsides as the immense pressure of the crust above forces the oil out of the ground](_URL_0_). | [
"A stranded gas reserve is a natural gas field that has been discovered, but remains unusable for either physical or economic reasons. Gas found in an oil well is generally called associated gas rather than stranded gas but some flared gases from oil wells are stranded gases that are unusable due to economic reason... |
When they measure the distance between objects like planets and suns, at what point do they start the measurement? | It depends on the application. Typically in the solar system, we do it between the centers of mass of objects. This is good for figuring out where planets will be if you want to send a lander to them, for example, but then you really care about where the lander will actually land and so you also need a measurement of s... | [
"The same method of measuring parallax angles and applying the skinny triangle can be used to measure the distances to stars, at least the nearer ones. In the case of stars, however, a longer baseline than the diameter of the Earth is usually required. Instead of using two stations on the baseline, two measurements... |
why do indian and chinese pop stars get very little to no attention outside their home countries? | First and foremost would be the language barrier - English is still the most widely accepted language, which is why American (and to a lesser extent, British and Canadian) stars can be so globally admired. In Indian star singing in Hindi, on the other hand, is unlikely to be understood outside of people in, or from, I... | [
"One reason for its success in East Asian markets such as China and Hong Kong is because of their similar education systems, thus many students were able to identify with the characters. Chaerim Oh of \"KAIST Herald\" wrote that the \"popularity of the movie, particularly in South Korea, can be traced back to the n... |
wax toilet seals | Wax is a more malleable substance. You want an airtight seal between the sewer pipe and the bottom of the toilet. The water invthecS bend in the toilet acts as stopper and keeps sewer gases from backing up into your house. | [
"Sealing wax is a wax material of a seal which, after melting, hardens quickly (to paper, parchment, ribbons and wire, and other material) forming a bond that is difficult to separate without noticeable tampering. Wax is used to verify something such as a document is unopened, to verify the sender's identity, for e... |
Why does dark matter only have an effect on a larger scale and not on our sun system? | The primary reason is that the amount of dark matter which is proposed to be within the solar system is negligible compared to the mass of the sun; it completely dominates the gravitational effects on the planets. As for whether there is any dark matter in the solar system, [this](_URL_0_) study found that if there is ... | [
"Dark matter plays a crucial role in structure formation because it feels only the force of gravity: the gravitational Jeans instability which allows compact structures to form is not opposed by any force, such as radiation pressure. As a result, dark matter begins to collapse into a complex network of dark matter ... |
how do those spam comments on youtube get so much upvotes on youtube? | Likely spam bots. I've noticed this recently as well. I'd imagine youtube is aware of it and will likely be rolling out some sort of protection against it soon. | [
"This type of spam originally appeared in Internet guestbooks, where spammers repeatedly filled a guestbook with links to their own site and with no relevant comment, to increase search engine rankings. If an actual comment is given it is often just \"cool page\", \"nice website\", or keywords of the spammed link.\... |
how do scientists record rainfall? | [Rain gauges](_URL_0_). They're just a little tube that collects water & lets you measure it.
It doesn't really matter how big the tube is (within reason) - an inch of rainfall is an inch of rainfall whether it's the size of a DVD or football field. | [
"The aim of rainfall climatology is to measure, understand and predict rain distribution across different regions of planet Earth, a factor of air pressure, humidity, topography, cloud type and raindrop size, via direct measurement and remote sensing data acquisition. Current technologies accurately predict rainfal... |
why does inflation have to be a thing? why can't we all just agree to keep the value of currency the same regardless of how much we have? | > Why can't we all just agree to keep the value of currency the same regardless of how much we have?
Because the value of currency isn't something that people set. All of the money in a country is equal to the total value of that country's economy, because that's what a national currency *is*.
So if the value of ... | [
"Conceptually, inflation refers to the general trend of prices, not changes in any specific price. For example, if people choose to buy more cucumbers than tomatoes, cucumbers consequently become more expensive and tomatoes cheaper. These changes are not related to inflation; they reflect a shift in tastes. Inflati... |
Why isn't Chinese historiography known in the West? | Hi there! You’ve asked a question along the lines of ‘why didn’t I learn about X’. We’re happy to let this question stand, but there are a variety of reasons why you may find it hard to get a good answer to this question on /r/AskHistorians.
Firstly, school curricula and how they are taught vary strongly between diffe... | [
"The tendency of both Chinese and Western scholars to view China's history in a dynastic framework is thought to be a direct result of Ban Gu's decision to write the Book of Han in the manner in which he did.\n",
"Chinese history is often explained in terms of several strategic areas, defined by particular topogr... |
how does quantum entanglement not imply information traveling faster than light or how was the epr paradox solved? | Say that we have two balls, a red one and a blue one. I am on earth, you are next to the sun (roughly 8 light minutes away). Before you left, you took one ball and placed it in a bag. You don't know which one however. I have the other ball, also in a bag. At a given time (we're both wearing synchronized watches), we ta... | [
"No physicist believes the results of the EPR experiment in general and of Aspect's experiment in particular—in perfect agreement with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics—challenge, in any way whatsoever, the relativity principle according to which no form of energy (matter or force), and therefore n... |
why does music get "old", or is "too overplayed" ? | At first the music is stimulating. You haven't heard it before, and it provokes a response in your brain releasing dopamine. Over time your brain gets used to hearing the song, and the dopamine response stops.
The chemical reaction that occurs to dopamine is the basis for all pleasure that you experience. Once yo... | [
"Players traditionally learn old-time music by ear; even musicians who can read music. A broad selection of written music does exist, although many believe that the style of old-time music cannot be practically notated by written music. This is in part because there are many regional and local variations to old-tim... |
How often did tank crew, especially commanders, turn out of their vehicles during a battle? | Tank commanders often did stick their heads or upper bodies out of their hatches in order to have a better view of the battlefield. If the tank commander had only a fixed periscope or no periscope at all, he would be forced to do this. Sometimes, it could have unfortunate consequences; the scene of Pitt's comrade being... | [
"To man the tank required a crew of twelve: driver, commander, gunner, loader, four machine gunners, mechanic, electrician, assistant-electrician/mechanic and a radio operator. Some sources report thirteen, probably due to pictures of the crews that included the company commander. The assistant-mechanic was seated ... |
How can there not be a limit on heat? | The idea that "temperature is a measurement of the speed of the particles" is a simplification that really only applies to ideal gases. An ideal gas is a collection of point particles (no structure) which do not interact in any way- therefore the only way for them to exhibit energy is to be moving. But of course, real ... | [
"However, this law is inaccurate at lower temperatures, due to quantum effects; it is also inconsistent with the experimentally derived third law of thermodynamics, according to which the molar heat capacity of any substance must go to zero as the temperature goes to absolute zero. A more accurate theory, incorpora... |
Since pigs were off limits to eat or sacrifice in ancient Israel, why were there so many pigs around in the Bible it or for Antiochus IV to sacrifice etc? | So, it’s not that they were entirely off limits. Only a few laws in the Hebrew Bible outlaw eating the חזיר (pig). (We don’t know *why* pigs are treyf, only that they’re not clean for eating.)
We do have pig bones that have been recovered from archaeological dig sites in the Central Highlands throughout the Iron Age ... | [
"This led to pigs being reviled, and he argues this gave rise to the pig as a non-kosher food in the Old Testament. He briefly discuss the other Jewish food taboos. Harris notes that pigs were also taboo in Ancient Egypt and continue to be forbidden by Islam, suggesting that environmental rather than cultural facto... |
Who are the most badass women in history? | Hildegard of Bingen. Mystic, botanist, composer, philosopher, physician, abbess, correspondent of popes and other senior clerics - and, incidentally, to be canonised later this year. Maybe the only saint with a discography? | [
"Bertha Heyman (born ) was a 19th-century American criminal, also known as \"Big Bertha\" or the \"Confidence Queen.\" She was described by famed New York City detective Thomas F. Byrnes as \"one of the smartest confidence women in America\", and was considered by the New York City police to be \"the boldest and mo... |
How long after JFK's assassination did it take for conspiracy theories about the murder to become popular? | In September 1964 Bertrand Russell published Sixteen Questions on the Kennedy Assassination. I'm sure there were some earlier instances but that's one example from less than a year after.
_URL_0_ | [
"The conspiracy theories relating to the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, a United States Senator and brother of assassinated President John F. Kennedy, relate to non-standard accounts of the assassination that took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. Robert F. Kennedy was a... |
how do people pirate windows keys and sell them for really cheap? | The main trick for this is breaking regional reselling rules.
The price of windows varies greatly by country.
These people buy a key whereever it is cheapest, and sell it on the internet.
This is not against the law. It could be against the Terms of Service of Microsoft. I've never heard of a version of Windows being ... | [
"Another method consists of modding the BIOS to insert the SLP 2.1 table, which can be used to replace blacklisted keys, or to add the SLP table to motherboards that do not have it (such as Gigabyte). Some brand-name computers such as Dell, already have the SLP table in their BIOS, which means that using software r... |
If we were able to predict through DNA sequencing roughly how long an animal was going to live, could we breed them for longevity like we do for other traits such as size? In other words, would it be possible to eventually end up with a breed of dog that lives to 100+ years old? | You wouldn't need the sequence, you would just need to wait to see how old the parents were when they died and than select amongst the offspring accordingly. This is done routinely in studies of aging in model animals like fruitflies and mice. Regardless of the underlying proximate mechanisms, aging can be thought of a... | [
"The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed.\n",
"The longest-lived breeds, including toy p... |
the marching cubes algorithm | Your friend Timmy has a toy car that you like. Your dad has a 3D printing machine and says he can make a replica of Timmy's car if you provide him with a 3D polygon mesh of the car.
Timmy agrees to let you look at his car, but only gives you ten minutes to look at it before he wants it back. Ten minutes isn't enough... | [
"Marching cubes is a computer graphics algorithm, published in the 1987 SIGGRAPH proceedings by Lorensen and Cline, for extracting a polygonal mesh of an isosurface from a three-dimensional discrete scalar field (sometimes called a voxel). The applications of this algorithm are mainly concerned with medical visuali... |
Has the exoplanet search changed the Drake Equation results? | "Results" is too strong a word for the Drake equation, but yes, we know much more about the astronomical factors that go into it than we did 20 years ago, definitely. For instance, there seem to be about as many planets in the galaxy as there are stars!
We don't have much information yet about habitability. Even plan... | [
"The exoplanet's discovery was announced on October 6, 1995, by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the University of Geneva in the journal \"Nature\". They used the radial velocity method with the ELODIE spectrograph on the Observatoire de Haute-Provence telescope in France and made world headlines with their announ... |
Is the volume of Earth's atmosphere constant or does it change? | No the volume of the atmosphere is not constant and it’s constantly changing with time. However, it’s a whole lot more complicated than the example that you gave.
Here’s an explanation of all the factors that play into how the earths atmosphere is changing, hope this help!
_URL_0_ | [
"The composition of Earth's atmosphere is largely governed by the by-products of the life that it sustains. Dry air from Earth's atmosphere contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and traces of hydrogen, helium, and other \"noble\" gases (by volume), but generally a variable amou... |
how can dwarf stars have subzero temperatures? | They don't, but they could. Dwarf stars don't swell and violently explode like normal stars do when they get old, they slowly radiate their heat away and become a black dwarf, a star so cool it doesn't even produce really any light anymore! They fizzle out. However, there is no dwarf star like this that we know of. ... | [
"The category of ultra-cold dwarf stars was introduced in 1997 by J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Todd J. Henry, and Michael J. Irwin. Today it includes very low mass M-dwarf stars with spectral types of M7 and later, and extends beyond the coolest stars to brown dwarfs as cool as spectral type T6.5. Together, they represent ... |
What happened to the 'creeping barrage' as a tactic after WW1? | The creeping barrage today it is one of many options of how to use artillery. It can be very effective in situations where communication is limited, there is sufficient concentration of guns, enemy position is fixed, and the objective is to gain ground or lines of defense. However, it is wasteful and it requires that t... | [
"During World War I a creeping barrage was first used in a small section of the line at the battle of Loos in September 1915, but the infantry did not advance behind it. The first day of the battle of the Somme saw the first attempt at a large-scale creeping barrage which had been planned in anticipation of the inf... |
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