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superior.[5] == References == ^ F. Rösel, H.M. Fries, K. Alder, H.C. Pauli: At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 21 (1978) 91. ^ R.S. Hager and E.C. Seltzer, Nucl. Data Tables A4 (1968) 1. ^ I.M. Band, M.B. Trzhaskovskaya: Tables of the gamma–ray internal conversion coefficients for the K, L, M shells, 10<Z<104 (Leningrad: Nucle...	{ "page_id": 2098622, "source": null, "title": "Internal conversion coefficient" }
A momordicine is any of several compounds found in the bitter melon vine, Momordica charantia. They are glycosides of cucurbitane derivatives. They include Momordicine II Momordicine IV, 7-O-D-glucopyranosyl-3,23-dihydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al Momordicine II and IV can be extracted from the leaves of M. charantia b...	{ "page_id": 30344639, "source": null, "title": "Momordicine" }
"The Monkey Suit" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 14, 2006. In the episode, Ned Flanders is shocked after seeing a new display at the museum about evolution. ...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
by Kellogg's. Faced with an incredibly long line, Homer notices Ned Flanders and his sons at the front of the line and cuts in front of them. Everyone else starts taking advantage of Ned's kindness as well until the Flanders family is stuck at the end. At the end of the day, they are still waiting, and are denied entry...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
an overweight, southern lawyer. The trial does not go smoothly for Lisa, as Professor Frink gives ambiguous answers regarding God's existence, while a creationist says that evolution cannot be real, as there is no proof of a "missing link" (depicted in a picture as a savage hominid, holding a rock over his head). After...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
and pulls off his mask. == Production == "The Monkey Suit" was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Raymond S. Persi as part of the seventeenth season of The Simpsons (2005–2006). Burns received inspiration for the episode from the Scopes Monkey Trial, a 1925 legal case in which high school science teacher John ...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
"The Monkey Suit" is an episode that tackles the creation–evolution controversy, and according to Theresa Sanders in her book Approaching Eden: Adam and Eve in Popular Culture, "skewered antievolution legislation." The authors of the book Chronology of the Evolution-Creationism Controversy commented that the episode "c...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
but ultimately is unable to address the rise of Christian fundamentalism in the United States [...]". Gournelos noted that the episode focuses on the old Scopes Monkey Trial and does not address contemporary creation–evolution debates, adding: "Interestingly, The Simpsons continues to place creationism at a higher popu...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
Monkey Suit" won an award from the Independent Investigations Group (IIG) for being "one of those rare shows in the media that encourage science, critical thinking, and ridicule those shows that peddle pseudoscience and superstition." J. Stewart Burns, the writer of the episode, was present at the awards ceremony to ac...	{ "page_id": 4195776, "source": null, "title": "The Monkey Suit" }
Thomas Robert Bolam FRSE MM (1893–1969) was a 20th century British chemist. == Life == He was born in Bristol on 7 September 1893. He was educated at the Fairfield Higher Grade school and the Merchant Venturers School in Bristol. He graduated BSc from Bristol University in 1914 and then at the start of the First World ...	{ "page_id": 55903681, "source": null, "title": "Thomas Robert Bolam" }
Blinatumomab, sold under the brand name Blincyto, is a biopharmaceutical medication used for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It belongs to a class of constructed monoclonal antibodies, bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), that exert action selective...	{ "page_id": 18875843, "source": null, "title": "Blinatumomab" }
as part of consolidation therapy for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome negative CD19 positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. == Mechanism of action == Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). It enables a patient's T cells to recognize malignant B cells. A m...	{ "page_id": 18875843, "source": null, "title": "Blinatumomab" }
indication for blinatumomab. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center calculated that according to "value-based pricing," assuming that the value of a year of life is US$121,000 with a 15% "toxicity discount," the market price of blinatumomab should be US$12,612 a month, compared to the market price of US$64,260 a month....	{ "page_id": 18875843, "source": null, "title": "Blinatumomab" }
== Thermal expansion == == Notes == All values refer to 25 °C unless noted. == References == === CRC === As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physic...	{ "page_id": 1967556, "source": null, "title": "Thermal expansivities of the elements" }
Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.	{ "page_id": 1967556, "source": null, "title": "Thermal expansivities of the elements" }
The mix of ammonium salts of phosphorylated glycerides can be either made synthetically or from mixture of glycerol and partially hardened plant (most often used: rapeseed oil) oils. == Applications == It is most often used in chocolate industry as an emulsifier, often as alternative to lecithin. == Properties == At ro...	{ "page_id": 11797961, "source": null, "title": "Mixed ammonium salts of phosphorylated glycerides" }
A stabiliser or stabilizer is an additive to food which helps to preserve its structure. Typical uses include preventing oil-water emulsions from separating in products such as salad dressing; preventing ice crystals from forming in frozen food such as ice cream; and preventing fruit from settling in products such as j...	{ "page_id": 28771786, "source": null, "title": "Stabiliser (food)" }
Crotonyl-coenzyme A is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. It is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. == Crotonyl-CoA and reductases == Before a 2007 report by Alber and coworkers, crotonyl-CoA carboxylases and reductases (CCRs) wer...	{ "page_id": 11470282, "source": null, "title": "Crotonyl-CoA" }
Callows (Irish: caladh) are a type of wetland found in Ireland. They are a seasonally flooded grassland ecosystem found on low-lying river floodplains. The callows are located at the center of Ireland. 5856 hectares of the callows are protected as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC). At the heart of the callows is the...	{ "page_id": 47580620, "source": null, "title": "Callows" }
Thus, pollination services are provided and the diversity of life in the callows will prevail. Even though the area is mainly free of human interaction, there are still some aspects of the callows that are regulated by people. First, since floodplains typically support hay meadows, there are farmers that still cut hay ...	{ "page_id": 47580620, "source": null, "title": "Callows" }
The speed of sound in any chemical element in the fluid phase has one temperature-dependent value. In the solid phase, different types of sound wave may be propagated, each with its own speed: among these types of wave are longitudinal (as in fluids), transversal, and (along a surface or plate) extensional. == Speed of...	{ "page_id": 1967563, "source": null, "title": "Speeds of sound of the elements" }
and Xenon. Selover (Eng. ed.) Hemisphere, Washington DC, 1988. Zuckerwar: A. J. Zuckerwar, Handbook of the Speed of Sound in Real Gases. Academic Press, 2002.	{ "page_id": 1967563, "source": null, "title": "Speeds of sound of the elements" }
Hal Whitehead is a biologist specializing in the study of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Whitehead is professor at Dalhousie University. The primary field research vessel of his laboratory is the Balaena, a Valiant 40 ocean-going cruising boat, which normally does its work off the coast of Nova Scotia. Other...	{ "page_id": 4392398, "source": null, "title": "Hal Whitehead" }
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are artificial neural networks (ANN) that mimic natural neural networks. These models leverage timing of discrete spikes as the main information carrier. In addition to neuronal and synaptic state, SNNs incorporate the concept of time into their operating model. The idea is that neurons i...	{ "page_id": 10159567, "source": null, "title": "Spiking neural network" }
lower value. Various decoding methods exist for interpreting the outgoing spike train as a real-value number, relying on either the frequency of spikes (rate-code), the time-to-first-spike after stimulation, or the interval between spikes. == History == Many multi-layer artificial neural networks are fully connected, r...	{ "page_id": 10159567, "source": null, "title": "Spiking neural network" }
differential equation). An input pulse causes the potential to rise and then gradually decline. Encoding schemes can interpret these pulse sequences as a number, considering pulse frequency and pulse interval. Using the precise time of pulse occurrence, a neural network can consider more information and offer better co...	{ "page_id": 10159567, "source": null, "title": "Spiking neural network" }
(PCNN) are often confused with SNNs. A PCNN can be seen as a kind of SNN. Researchers are actively working on various topics. The first concerns differentiability. The expressions for both the forward- and backward-learning methods contain the derivative of the neural activation function which is not differentiable bec...	{ "page_id": 10159567, "source": null, "title": "Spiking neural network" }
SFA achieve levels of accuracy that rival those of conventional ANNs, while also requiring fewer neurons for comparable tasks. This efficiency streamlines the computational workflow and conserves space and energy, while maintaining technical integrity. High-performance deep spiking neural networks can operate with 0.3 ...	{ "page_id": 10159567, "source": null, "title": "Spiking neural network" }
These simulate complex neural models. Large networks usually require lengthy processing. Candidates include: Brian – developed by Romain Brette and Dan Goodman at the École Normale Supérieure; GENESIS (the GEneral NEural SImulation System) – developed in James Bower's laboratory at Caltech; NEST – developed by the NEST...	{ "page_id": 10159567, "source": null, "title": "Spiking neural network" }
Magnesium transporters are proteins that transport magnesium across the cell membrane. All forms of life require magnesium, yet the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ uptake from the environment and the distribution of this vital element within the organism are only slowly being elucidated. The ATPase function of MgtA is hig...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
the yeast vacuole. In higher, multicellular organisms, it seems that many Mg2+ transporting proteins await discovery. The CorA-domain-containing Mg2+ transporters (CorA, Alr-like and Mrs2-like) have a similar but not identical array of affinities for divalent cations. In fact, this observation can be extended to all of...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
be shown to be functional in bacteria (S. typhimurium), then a combination of the techniques of mag-fura 2, quantification of protein in the envelope membrane, and structure of the proteins (X-ray crystal or cryo-TEM) might allow the determination of the basic mechanisms involved in the recognition and transport of the...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
that was caused by the gene's inactivation. The gene was genetically identified in E. coli by Park et al., but wasn't cloned until Hmiel et al. isolated the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) homologue. Later it would be shown by Smith and Maguire that the CorA gene was present in 17 gram-negative...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
Groisman suggest that this allows the bacteria to escape metal ion toxicity caused by the transport of other ions, particularly Fe(II), by CorA in the absence of Mg2+. Papp and Maguire offer a conflicting report on the source of the toxicity. The figure (not to scale) shows the originally published transmembrane (TM) d...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
of all three genes created a bacterial strain requiring 100 mM external Mg2+ for normal growth. Mg2+ is transported into cells containing only the CorA transport system with similar kinetics and cation sensitivities as the Mg2+ uptake described in the earlier papers, and has additionally been quantified(see table). The...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
to external Mg2+, which showed that CorA is the major uptake system for Mg2+ in bacteria. The authors also showed for the first time that the changes in the electric potential (ΔΨ) across the plasma membrane of the cell affected both the rate of Mg2+ uptake and the free Mg2+ content of the cell; depolarisation suppress...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
to the 250 pm radius of the first hydration shell of Mg2+. This analog is a potent inhibitor of the CorA transport system, more so than Mg2+, Co2+ or Ni2+. The additional strength of the Co(III)Hex inhibition might come from the blocking of the transport pore due to the inability of the protein to ‘dehydrate’ the subst...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
upregulated in vitro when the Mg2+ concentration falls below 50 μM (Snavely et al., 1991a). Although the proteins have km values similar to CorA and transport rates approximately 10 times less, the genes may be part of a Mg2+ scavenging system. Chamnongpol and Groisman (2002) presents evidence that the role of these pr...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
and MgtA are inhibited by different ranges of cations (Table A10.1). The table lists cation transport characteristics of the MgtA and MgtB proteins in S. typhimurium as well as the kinetic data for the MgtA and MgtB transport proteins at 37 °C. The Vmax numbers listed in parentheses are those for uptake at 20 °C. The i...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
The Pfam database lists seven distinct groups of MgtE domain containing proteins, of which six contain an archaic or eubacterial member. The expression of MgtE is frequently controlled by a conserved RNA structure, YkoK leader or M-box. The figure (right), adapted from Smith et al. (1995) and the PFAM database entry, s...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
lower than that of CorA. The strongest inhibitor of Co2+ uptake was Zn2+, with a Ki of 20 μM. The transport of Zn2+ by this protein may be as important as that of Mg2+. The table shows a comparison of the transport kinetics of MgtE and CorA, and key kinetic parameter values for them are listed. As shown, the data has b...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
yeast and the transformants were screened for growth on toxic levels of Al3+. ALR1 and ALR2 containing plasmids allowed the growth of yeast in these conditions. The Alr1p and Alr2p proteins consist of 859 and 858 amino acids respectively and are 70% identical. In a region in the C-terminal, half of these proteins are w...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
GMN motif like that of CorA, with the exception of the second N. crassa gene. No ALR-like genes have been identified in species outside of the fungi. Membrane fractionation and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion studies established that Alr1p is localised to the plasma membrane. The localisation of the Alr1p was ob...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
Gardner, unpublished data), but the Ki for Mg2+ inhibition of this transport is currently unknown. The transport of other cations by the Alr1p protein was assayed by the inhibition of yeast growth. The overexpression of Alr1p led to increased sensitivity to Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, La3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+, an array of catio...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
the uptake process. The expression of ALR1 in S. typhimurium without Mg2+ uptake genes may be an alternative, but, as stated earlier, the effects of a heterologous expression system would need to be taken into account. === MNR2 === The MNR2 gene encodes a protein closely related to the Alr proteins, but includes conser...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
identified in the nuclear genome of yeast in a screen for suppressors of a mitochondrial gene RNA splicing mutation, and was cloned and sequenced by Wiesenberger et al. (1992). Mrs2p was not identified as a putative Mg2+ transporter until Bui et al. (1999). Gregan et al. (2001a) identified LPE10 by homology to MRS2 and...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
not show a fast Mg2+ uptake, only a slow ‘leak’, and overaccumulation of Mrs2p leads to an increase in the initial rate of uptake. Additionally, CorA, when fused to the mitochondrial leader sequence of Mrs2p, can partially complement the mitochondrial defect conferred by the loss of either Mrs2p or Lpe10p. Hence, Mrs2p...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
al. (2002). The open reading frame for the XNTA gene is 1707 bp in size, contains two introns and produces a predicted protein of 550 amino acids. The protein has been predicted to contain 11 TM domains and also contains the α1 and α2 motifs (see figure) of the SLC8 (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger) and SLC24 (K+ dependent Na+/Ca2+...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
humans, has lagged behind that in bacteria and yeast. This is largely because of the complexity of the systems involved, but also because of the impression within the field that Mg2+ was maintained at high levels in all cells and was unchanged by external influences. Only in the last 25 years has a series of reports be...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
seven groups. All of the metazoa proteins contain two MgtE domains, but some of these have been predicted only by context recognition (Coin, Bateman and Durbin, unpublished. See the pFAM website for further details). The human SLC41A1 protein contains two MgtE domains with 52% and 46% respective similarity to the PF017...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
the research into the TRPM genes. The TRPM family of ion channels has members throughout the metazoa. The TRPM6 and TRPM7 proteins are highly unusual, containing both an ion channel domain and a kinase domain (Figure 1.7), the role of which brings about the most heated debate. The activity of these two proteins has bee...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
of the Voets et al. (2004) paper are probably incorrect in attributing the Mg2+ dependent currents to TRPM7 alone, and their kinetic data are likely to reflect the combined TRPM7/ TRPM6 channel. The report presents a robust collection of data consistent with a channel-like activity passing Mg2+, based on both electroph...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
plants that is distantly related to CorA. Another gene, a Mg2+/H+ exchanger (AtMHX), unrelated to this gene family and to CorA has also been identified, is localised to the vacuolar membrane, and will be described last. === The AtMRS2 gene family === Schock et al. (2000) identified and named the family AtMRS2 based on ...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
significantly more effective at transporting Mg2+ at low extracellular concentrations, suggesting that the affinity of AtMRS2-11 for Mg2+ is lower than that of Alr1p. An electrophysiological (voltage clamp) analysis of the AtMRS2-11 protein in Xenopus oocytes also showed a Mg2+-dependent current at membrane potentials ...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
T1 and T2 generations) for a homozygote line, but this phenotype was lost in the T3 generation and could not be reproduced when the earlier generations were screened a second time. The author suggested that environmental effects were the most likely cause of the inconsistent phenotype. === AtMHX === The first magnesium...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
both directions, but the Mg2+ out current required a ‘cytoplasmic’ pH of 5.5, a condition not found in plant cells under normal circumstances. In addition to the transport of Mg2+, Shaul et al. (1999) also showed that the protein could transport Zn2+ and Fe2+, but did not report on the capacity of the protein to transp...	{ "page_id": 3474896, "source": null, "title": "Magnesium transporter" }
In chemistry, an unpaired electron is an electron that occupies an orbital of an atom singly, rather than as part of an electron pair. Each atomic orbital of an atom (specified by the three quantum numbers n, l and m) has a capacity to contain two electrons (electron pair) with opposite spins. As the formation of elect...	{ "page_id": 18679245, "source": null, "title": "Unpaired electron" }
with the environment they are in and this prevents them from being paired. The ions with the largest number of unpaired electrons are Gd3+ and Cm3+ with seven unpaired electrons. An unpaired electron has a magnetic dipole moment, while an electron pair has no dipole moment because the two electrons have opposite spins ...	{ "page_id": 18679245, "source": null, "title": "Unpaired electron" }
TaqMan probes are hydrolysis probes that are designed to increase the specificity of quantitative PCR. The method was first reported in 1991 by researcher David Gefland at Cetus Corporation, and the technology was subsequently developed by Hoffmann-La Roche for diagnostic assays and by Applied Biosystems (now part of T...	{ "page_id": 8979919, "source": null, "title": "TaqMan" }
extends the primer and synthesizes the nascent strand (from the single-stranded template), the 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of the Taq polymerase degrades the probe that has annealed to the template. Degradation of the probe releases the fluorophore from it and breaks the proximity to the quencher, thus relieving the ...	{ "page_id": 8979919, "source": null, "title": "TaqMan" }
Craniosynostosis, a condition in which the sutures of the head (joints between the bones of the skull) prematurely fuse and subsequently alter the shape of the head, is seen in multiple conditions, as listed below. The level of involvement varies by condition and can range from minor, single-suture craniosynostosis to ...	{ "page_id": 74384851, "source": null, "title": "List of conditions with craniosynostosis" }
Peter John Dornan FRS (born 1939) is a British physicist, and professor at Imperial College London where he advised his PhD student Ann Heinson. On 18 September 2009, a festschrift was held in his honor. Dornan was awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 2002. == References == == External links == Google Scholar	{ "page_id": 34014669, "source": null, "title": "Peter Dornan" }
For detection systems that record discrete events, such as particle and nuclear detectors, the dead time is the time after each event during which the system is not able to record another event. An everyday life example of this is what happens when someone takes a photo using a flash – another picture cannot be taken i...	{ "page_id": 1246675, "source": null, "title": "Dead time" }
signal over the longest possible time (usually 0.5–10 microseconds) to attain the best possible resolution, such that the user needs to choose a compromise between event rate and resolution. Trigger logic is another possible source of dead time; beyond the proper time of the signal processing, spurious triggers caused ...	{ "page_id": 1246675, "source": null, "title": "Dead time" }
occur in an infinitesimal time interval dt is then f dt. It follows that the probability P(t) that an event will occur at time t to t+dt with no events occurring between t=0 and time t is given by the exponential distribution (Lucke 1974, Meeks 2008): P ( t ) d t = f e − f t d t {\displaystyle P(t)dt=fe^{-ft}dt\,} The ...	{ "page_id": 1246675, "source": null, "title": "Dead time" }
the dead time is known, the actual number of events (N) may be estimated by N ≈ N m 1 − N m τ T {\displaystyle N\approx {\frac {N_{m}}{1-N_{m}{\frac {\tau }{T}}}}} If the dead time is not known, a statistical analysis can yield the correct count. For example, (Meeks 2008), if t i {\displaystyle t_{i}} are a set of inte...	{ "page_id": 1246675, "source": null, "title": "Dead time" }
power generating stations. == See also == Data acquisition (DAQ) Allan variance Photomultiplier Positron emission tomography Class-D amplifier == References == == Further reading == Lucke, Robert L. (June 1976). "Counting Statistics for Nonnegligible Dead Time Corrections". Rev. Sci. Instrum. 47 (6): 766. Bibcode:1976R...	{ "page_id": 1246675, "source": null, "title": "Dead time" }
Leticia del Rosario or Leticia R. del Rosario Mejía (June 4, 1914 – October 9, 2009) was the first Puerto Rican woman with a PhD in Physics and a professor and researcher in nuclear physics at the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). == Early years == Leticia del Rosario (full name: Leticia Rafaela del Rosario Mejía) was b...	{ "page_id": 74843608, "source": null, "title": "Leticia del Rosario" }
hired as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras campus. At the time, Jaime Benítez Rexach was the chancellor, physicist Facundo Bueso Sanllehí was dean of natural sciences, and Amador Cobas was chair of the physics department. After one year, she took a leave o...	{ "page_id": 74843608, "source": null, "title": "Leticia del Rosario" }
scientific research and power generation. In 1959, she transferred from the School of Natural Sciences to the Department of Physical Sciences in the School of General Studies at UPR. In 1961, she was director of a training program for physics high school teachers funded by the National Science Foundation. She was chair...	{ "page_id": 74843608, "source": null, "title": "Leticia del Rosario" }
George Streisinger (December 27, 1927 – August 11, 1984) was an American molecular biologist and co-founder of the Institute of Molecular Biology at the University of Oregon. He was the first person to clone a vertebrate, cloning zebrafish in his University of Oregon laboratory. He also pioneered work in the genetics o...	{ "page_id": 20776409, "source": null, "title": "George Streisinger" }
was a noted artist and community activist, and the founder of the Eugene Saturday Market, the inspiration for the Portland Oregon Saturday Market. == Research == Following his graduation from Cornell, George under- took graduate studies in the genetics of T-even coliphage with Salvador Luria in the Bacteriology Departm...	{ "page_id": 20776409, "source": null, "title": "George Streisinger" }
Blue raspberry is a manufactured flavoring and food coloring for candy, snack foods, syrups, and soft drinks. The flavor does not derive from any species of raspberry, but rather was developed using esters that are part of the flavor profile of pineapple, banana and cherry. Sugar is commonly added to create taste appea...	{ "page_id": 28181980, "source": null, "title": "Blue raspberry flavor" }
Cellomics is the discipline of quantitative cell analysis using bioimaging methods and informatics with a workflow involving three major components: image acquisition, image analysis, and data visualization and management. These processes are generally automated. All three of these components depend on sophisticated so...	{ "page_id": 2164190, "source": null, "title": "Cellomics" }
order to extract data from single-cells or from a population of cells. Once an image is acquired using high content technology hardware, cell data is extracted from that image using image analysis software. Single cell data or population data may be of interest, but for both, a series of steps is followed with varying ...	{ "page_id": 2164190, "source": null, "title": "Cellomics" }
The Journal of Luminescence is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Xueyuan Chen (Chinese Academy of Sciences). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 3.3. The journal covers all aspects related to the emission of light (lum...	{ "page_id": 10028510, "source": null, "title": "Journal of Luminescence" }
Dr. Johan N. Lundström (born 1973) is a Swedish biologist and psychologist. He was awarded his Ph.D. in 2005 from Uppsala University and is most notable for his chemosensory work, and currently works at the Monell Chemical Senses Center. His experiments involve the use of neuroimaging and testing of human behaviour. Jo...	{ "page_id": 18744801, "source": null, "title": "Johan Lundström" }
A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, when the solution is at equilibrium. Due to the many o...	{ "page_id": 27395553, "source": null, "title": "Bjerrum plot" }
K 2 × DIC , [ HCO 3 − ] eq = K 1 [ H + ] eq [ H + ] eq 2 + K 1 [ H + ] eq + K 1 K 2 × DIC , [ CO 3 2 − ] eq = K 1 K 2 [ H + ] eq 2 + K 1 [ H + ] eq + K 1 K 2 × DIC , {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}[]\left[{\textrm {CO}}_{2}\right]_{\text{eq}}&={\frac {\left[{\textrm {H}}^{+}\right]_{\text{eq}}^{2}}{\left[{\textrm {H}}^...	{ "page_id": 27395553, "source": null, "title": "Bjerrum plot" }
intersection. An example with linear Y axis is shown in the accompanying graph. The values of K1 and K2, and therefore the curves in the Bjerrum plot, vary substantially with temperature and salinity. == Chemical and mathematical derivation of Bjerrum plot equations for carbonate system == Suppose that the reactions be...	{ "page_id": 27395553, "source": null, "title": "Bjerrum plot" }
{HCO}}_{3}^{-}\right]-k_{2}\left[{\textrm {HCO}}_{3}^{-}\right]+k_{-2}\left[{\textrm {H}}^{+}\right]\left[{\textrm {CO}}_{3}^{2-}\right],\\{\frac {{\textrm {d}}\left[{\textrm {CO}}_{3}^{2-}\right]}{{\textrm {d}}t}}&=k_{2}\left[{\textrm {HCO}}_{3}^{-}\right]-k_{-2}\left[{\textrm {H}}^{+}\right]\left[{\textrm {CO}}_{3}^{...	{ "page_id": 27395553, "source": null, "title": "Bjerrum plot" }
for HCO−3 and CO2−3 are obtained by substituting this into 5 and 6. == See also == Charlot equation Gran plot (also known as Gran titration or the Gran method) Henderson–Hasselbalch equation Hill equation (biochemistry) Ion speciation Fresh water Seawater Thermohaline circulation == References ==	{ "page_id": 27395553, "source": null, "title": "Bjerrum plot" }
Acetylpropionyl, also known as acetyl propionyl or 2,3-pentanedione, is an organic compound, specifically a diketone. Uses for acetylpropionyl include as a: Solvent for cellulose acetate, paints, inks, and lacquers Starting material for dyes, pesticides, and drugs Flavor, with an odor described as "buttery, cheesy, swe...	{ "page_id": 46335459, "source": null, "title": "Acetylpropionyl" }
Since the first printing of Carl Linnaeus's Species Plantarum in 1753, plants have been assigned one epithet or name for their species and one name for their genus, a grouping of related species. Thousands of plants have been named for people, including botanists and their colleagues, plant collectors, horticulturists,...	{ "page_id": 66258404, "source": null, "title": "List of plant genera named for people (A–C)" }
Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners In addition, Burkhardt's Index is used as a reference for every row in the table not cited to Stearn. == Genera == == See also == List of plant genus names with etymologies: A–C, D–K, L–P, Q–Z List of plant family names with etymologies == Notes == == Citations == == References =...	{ "page_id": 66258404, "source": null, "title": "List of plant genera named for people (A–C)" }
David (2008). The Names of Plants. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.	{ "page_id": 66258404, "source": null, "title": "List of plant genera named for people (A–C)" }
ISO 16610: Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Filtration is a standard series on filters for surface texture, and provides guidance on the use of these filters in various applications. Filters are used in surface texture in order reduce the bandwidth of analysis in order to obtain functional correlation with ph...	{ "page_id": 47908321, "source": null, "title": "ISO 16610" }
(published in 2011) ISO 16610-22: Linear profile filters: Spline filters (published in 2015) ISO 16610-28: Linear profile filters: End effects (published in 2016) ISO 16610-29: Linear profile filters: Spline wavelets (published in 2015) ISO 16610-30: Robust profile filters: Basic concepts (published in 2015) ISO 16610-...	{ "page_id": 47908321, "source": null, "title": "ISO 16610" }
where a particular filter can be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments or analyses to provide significant results. Part 21 - Profile Gaussian filter Microroughness filtering (lambda S) Separation of roughness and waviness profiles (lambda C) Band-pass filtering Part 22 - Profile Spline filter Part 29 - Pro...	{ "page_id": 47908321, "source": null, "title": "ISO 16610" }
Weatherization (American English) or weatherproofing (British English) is the practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements, particularly from sunlight, precipitation, and wind, and of modifying a building to reduce energy consumption and optimize energy efficiency. Weatherization is distinct fro...	{ "page_id": 67042, "source": null, "title": "Weatherization" }
techniques to protect a building from both surface water and ground water. Providing proper ventilation to unconditioned spaces to protect a building from the effects of condensation. See Ventilation issues in houses Installing roofing, building wrap, siding, flashing, skylights or solar tubes and making sure they are ...	{ "page_id": 67042, "source": null, "title": "Weatherization" }
of pollutants in the air when ventilation is not sufficiently addressed during weatherization work. However, the situation may be different in case of a house situated in an area with high outdoor air pollution levels such as in close proximity (<200 m) from a busy major road. In such a scenario, a more airtight buildi...	{ "page_id": 67042, "source": null, "title": "Weatherization" }
== References == == External links == Houston Advanced Research Center The Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC) The WAP System for Identifying and Reviewing New Technologies and Techniques Weatherization Information Portal Home Energy Weatherization Articles https://www.rhinoshie...	{ "page_id": 67042, "source": null, "title": "Weatherization" }
In quantum field theory, a Slavnov–Taylor identity is the non-Abelian generalisation of a Ward–Takahashi identity, which in turn is an identity between correlation functions that follows from the global or gauged symmetries of a theory, and which remains valid after renormalization. The identity was originally discover...	{ "page_id": 27002337, "source": null, "title": "Slavnov–Taylor identities" }
The Ehrenfest paradox concerns the rotation of a "rigid" disc in the theory of relativity. In its original 1909 formulation as presented by Paul Ehrenfest in relation to the concept of Born rigidity within special relativity, it discusses an ideally rigid cylinder that is made to rotate about its axis of symmetry. The ...	{ "page_id": 2819556, "source": null, "title": "Ehrenfest paradox" }
said to be "rigid"). == Essence of the paradox == Imagine a disk of radius R rotating with constant angular velocity ω {\displaystyle \omega } . The reference frame is fixed to the stationary center of the disk. Then the magnitude of the relative velocity of any point in the circumference of the disk is ω R {\displayst...	{ "page_id": 2819556, "source": null, "title": "Ehrenfest paradox" }
relativity an object cannot be spun up from a non-rotating state while maintaining Born rigidity, but once it has achieved a constant nonzero angular velocity it does maintain Born rigidity without violating special relativity, and then (as Einstein later showed) a disk-riding observer will measure a circumference: C ′...	{ "page_id": 2819556, "source": null, "title": "Ehrenfest paradox" }
with respect to K' do not agree with the laws of configuration of rigid bodies that are in accordance with Euclidean geometry. If, further, we place two similar clocks (rotating with K'), one upon the periphery, and the other at the centre of the circle, then, judged from K, the clock on the periphery will go slower th...	{ "page_id": 2819556, "source": null, "title": "Ehrenfest paradox" }
that Born rigidity only allows three degrees of freedom for bodies in motion. For instance, it's possible that a rigid body is executing uniform rotation, yet accelerated rotation is impossible. So a Born rigid body cannot be brought from a state of rest into rotation, confirming Ehrenfest's result. 1910: Max Planck ca...	{ "page_id": 2819556, "source": null, "title": "Ehrenfest paradox" }
Relativity (p. 113), calculates a contraction of the radius of the rotating disc (compared to stationary scales) of one quarter of the 'Lorentz contraction' factor applied to the circumference. 1935: Paul Langevin essentially introduces a moving frame (or frame field in modern language) corresponding to the family of d...	{ "page_id": 2819556, "source": null, "title": "Ehrenfest paradox" }

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