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of the propagator in the case of the thermal Green function, defined as G ( x , τ ∣ x ′ , τ ′ ) = ⟨ T ψ ( x , τ ) ψ ¯ ( x ′ , τ ′ ) ⟩ . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {G}}(\mathbf {x} ,\tau \mid \mathbf {x} ',\tau ')=\langle T\psi (\mathbf {x} ,\tau ){\bar {\psi }}(\mathbf {x} ',\tau ')\rangle .} Due to translational symmetr... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
} |
, the Heisenberg operators can be rewritten in terms of Schrödinger operators, giving G ( x , τ | 0 , 0 ) = 1 Z ∑ α , α ′ e − β E α ′ e τ ( E α ′ − E α ) ⟨ α ′ ∣ ψ ( x ) ∣ α ⟩ ⟨ α ∣ ψ † ( 0 ) ∣ α ′ ⟩ . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {G}}(\mathbf {x} ,\tau |\mathbf {0} ,0)={\frac {1}{\mathcal {Z}}}\sum _{\alpha ,\alpha '}e^{-... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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the expectation value of the commutator, 1 = 1 Z ∑ α ⟨ α ∣ e − β ( H − μ N ) [ ψ k , ψ k † ] − ζ ∣ α ⟩ , {\displaystyle 1={\frac {1}{\mathcal {Z}}}\sum _{\alpha }\langle \alpha \mid e^{-\beta (H-\mu N)}[\psi _{\mathbf {k} },\psi _{\mathbf {k} }^{\dagger }]_{-\zeta }\mid \alpha \rangle ,} and then inserting a complete s... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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, where ξ k = ϵ k − μ {\displaystyle \xi _{\mathbf {k} }=\epsilon _{\mathbf {k} }-\mu } is the single-particle dispersion relation measured with respect to the chemical potential. The spectral density therefore becomes ρ 0 ( k , ω ) = 1 Z 2 π δ ( ξ k − ω ) ∑ α ′ ⟨ α ′ ∣ ψ k ψ k † ∣ α ′ ⟩ ( 1 − ζ e − β ξ k ) e − β E α ′... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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( k , ω ) = 1 − ( ω + i η ) + ξ k . {\displaystyle G_{0}^{\mathrm {R} }(\mathbf {k} ,\omega )={\frac {1}{-(\omega +i\eta )+\xi _{\mathbf {k} }}}.} ==== Zero-temperature limit ==== As β → ∞, the spectral density becomes ρ ( k , ω ) = 2 π ∑ α [ δ ( E α − E 0 − ω ) | ⟨ α ∣ ψ k † ∣ 0 ⟩ | 2 − ζ δ ( E 0 − E α − ω ) | ⟨ 0 ∣ ψ... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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1 ( τ 1 ) … ψ α n ( τ n ) ψ ¯ β n ( τ n ′ ) … ψ ¯ β 1 ( τ 1 ′ ) ⟩ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {G}}_{\alpha _{1}\ldots \alpha _{n}|\beta _{1}\ldots \beta _{n}}^{(n)}(\tau _{1}\ldots \tau _{n}|\tau _{1}'\ldots \tau _{n}')=\langle T\psi _{\alpha _{1}}(\tau _{1})\ldots \psi _{\alpha _{n}}(\tau _{n}){\bar {\psi }}_{\beta _{n}}... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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+\beta ),} for τ < 0 {\displaystyle \tau <0} . === Spectral representation === In this case, ρ α β ( ω ) = 1 Z ∑ m , n 2 π δ ( E n − E m − ω ) ⟨ m ∣ ψ α ∣ n ⟩ ⟨ n ∣ ψ β † ∣ m ⟩ ( e − β E m − ζ e − β E n ) , {\displaystyle \rho _{\alpha \beta }(\omega )={\frac {1}{\mathcal {Z}}}\sum _{m,n}2\pi \delta (E_{n}-E_{m}-\omega... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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states that are chosen are 'single-particle energy eigenstates', i.e. [ H − μ N , ψ α † ] = ξ α ψ α † , {\displaystyle [H-\mu N,\psi _{\alpha }^{\dagger }]=\xi _{\alpha }\psi _{\alpha }^{\dagger },} then for | n ⟩ {\displaystyle |n\rangle } an eigenstate: ( H − μ N ) ∣ n ⟩ = E n ∣ n ⟩ , {\displaystyle (H-\mu N)\mid n\r... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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ξ β ⟨ m ∣ ψ α ∣ n ⟩ ⟨ n ∣ ψ β † ∣ m ⟩ e − β E m ( 1 − ζ e − β ξ α ) , {\displaystyle \rho _{\alpha \beta }(\omega )={\frac {1}{\mathcal {Z}}}\sum _{m,n}2\pi \delta (\xi _{\alpha }-\omega )\delta _{\xi _{\alpha },\xi _{\beta }}\langle m\mid \psi _{\alpha }\mid n\rangle \langle n\mid \psi _{\beta }^{\dagger }\mid m\rangl... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
} |
{\mathcal {G}}_{\alpha \beta }(\omega _{n})={\frac {\delta _{\alpha \beta }}{-i\omega _{n}+\xi _{\beta }}}} and the retarded Green function is G α β ( ω ) = δ α β − ( ω + i η ) + ξ β . {\displaystyle G_{\alpha \beta }(\omega )={\frac {\delta _{\alpha \beta }}{-(\omega +i\eta )+\xi _{\beta }}}.} Note that the noninterac... | {
"page_id": 7864709,
"source": null,
"title": "Green's function (many-body theory)"
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Hemerochory (Ancient Greek ἥμερος, hemeros: 'tame, ennobled, cultivated, cultivated' and Greek χωρίς choris: separate, isolated), or anthropochory, is the distribution of cultivated plants or their seeds and cuttings, consciously or unconsciously, by humans into an area that they could not colonize through their natura... | {
"page_id": 68551049,
"source": null,
"title": "Hemerochory"
} |
the Stone Age, but demonstrably at the latest in antiquity, namely along old trade routes. Fruits such as apples and pears gradually made their way along the Silk Road from the area around the Altai Mountains to Greece and from there to the gardens of the Romans, who in turn brought these cultivated plants to Central E... | {
"page_id": 68551049,
"source": null,
"title": "Hemerochory"
} |
be common in harbors, at train stations or along railway lines. However, mainly aquatic plants are spread through agochory. Ballast water plays a major role in the agochoric spread of aquatic plants. Around the world, around ten billion tons of seawater and the organisms it contains are shipped in this way. Exporting c... | {
"page_id": 68551049,
"source": null,
"title": "Hemerochory"
} |
for agricultural and gardening purposes. Numerous crops that are important for human nutrition have been willingly spread by humans. Wheat, barley, lentil, beans, flax and poppy seeds, for example, are not typical plants for Central Europe, although they are all archaeotypes. People brought them after the beginning of ... | {
"page_id": 68551049,
"source": null,
"title": "Hemerochory"
} |
their competitors, the "weeds", were also sold through the trade in the seeds of the useful plant. The real chamomile is one of the plants that were unintentionally spread as a companion to seeds. Speirochoric plants are sown on human-prepared soil and are competitors of the crops. Plants that are considered to be arch... | {
"page_id": 68551049,
"source": null,
"title": "Hemerochory"
} |
The following timeline starts with the invention of the modern computer in the late interwar period. == 1930s == John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry create the first electronic non-programmable, digital computing device, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, that lasted from 1937 to 1942. == 1940s == Nuclear bomb and bal... | {
"page_id": 35520902,
"source": null,
"title": "Timeline of computational physics"
} |
P. H. Cowell and A. C. C. Crommelin in 1909, and by Carl Fredrik Störmer in 1907, hence the alternative names Störmer's method or the Verlet-Störmer method) for dynamics, and the Verlet list. == 1970s == Computer algebra replicates the work of Boris Delaunay in Lunar theory. Martinus Veltman's calculations at CERN lead... | {
"page_id": 35520902,
"source": null,
"title": "Timeline of computational physics"
} |
SHEEP is one of the earliest interactive symbolic computation systems. It is specialized for computations with tensors, and was designed for the needs of researchers working with general relativity and other theories involving extensive tensor calculus computations. SHEEP is a freeware package (copyrighted, but free fo... | {
"page_id": 2687374,
"source": null,
"title": "SHEEP (symbolic computation system)"
} |
The Enrico Fermi Prize, first awarded in 2001, is given by the Italian Physical Society (Società Italiana di Fisica). It is a yearly award of €30,000 honoring one or more Members of the Society who have "particularly honoured physics with their discoveries." == Recipients == == See also == List of physics awards == Ref... | {
"page_id": 4850065,
"source": null,
"title": "Enrico Fermi Prize"
} |
The molecular formula C3H3N3 may refer to: Aminomalononitrile Triazine | {
"page_id": 23921045,
"source": null,
"title": "C3H3N3"
} |
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for its specified maximum load. Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the str... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
as a minimum target for design (second use). == Calculation == There are several ways to compare the factor of safety for structures. All the different calculations fundamentally measure the same thing: how much extra load beyond what is intended a structure will actually take (or be required to withstand). The differe... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
at twice the design load. === Margin of safety === Many government agencies and industries (such as aerospace) require the use of a margin of safety (MoS or MS) to describe the ratio of the strength of the structure to the requirements. There are two separate definitions for the margin of safety so care is needed to de... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
part is at exactly the required strength (the safety factor would equal the design factor). If there is a part with a required design factor of 3 and a margin of 1, the part would have a safety factor of 6 (capable of supporting two loads equal to its design factor of 3, supporting six times the design load before fail... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
margin" when it does not. In the field of nuclear safety (as implemented at US government-owned facilities) the margin of safety has been defined as a quantity that may not be reduced without review by the controlling government office. The US Department of Energy publishes DOE G 424.1-1, "Implementation Guide for Use ... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
plastically. The ultimate calculation will determine the safety factor until failure. In brittle materials the yield and ultimate strengths are often so close as to be indistinguishable, so it is usually acceptable to only calculate the ultimate safety factor. == Choosing design factors == Appropriate design factors ar... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
is 1.5, but for pressurized fuselage it is 2.0, and for main landing gear structures it is often 1.25. In some cases it is impractical or impossible for a part to meet the "standard" design factor. The penalties (mass or otherwise) for meeting the requirement would prevent the system from being viable (such as in the c... | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
- 2nd Ed., ISTE-Wiley, 2009 | {
"page_id": 262553,
"source": null,
"title": "Factor of safety"
} |
The molecular formula C18H37NO2 (molar mass: 299.49 g/mol, exact mass: 299.2824 u) may refer to: Ammonium oleate Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Sphingosine | {
"page_id": 24838559,
"source": null,
"title": "C18H37NO2"
} |
Metabolic flexibility is the capacity to alter metabolism in response to exercise or available fuel (especially fats and carbohydrates). Metabolic inflexibility was first described as the ability to generate energy through either aerobic or anaerobic respiration or as the inability of muscle to increase glucose oxidati... | {
"page_id": 69534115,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic flexibility"
} |
A g-factor (also called g value) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the magnetic moment and angular momentum of an atom, a particle or the nucleus. It is the ratio of the magnetic moment (or, equivalently, the gyromagnetic ratio) of a particle to that expected of a classical particle of the same charge and ... | {
"page_id": 6095269,
"source": null,
"title": "G-factor (physics)"
} |
magneton, e is the elementary charge, and mp is the proton rest mass. == Calculation == === Electron g-factors === There are three magnetic moments associated with an electron: one from its spin angular momentum, one from its orbital angular momentum, and one from its total angular momentum (the quantum-mechanical sum ... | {
"page_id": 6095269,
"source": null,
"title": "G-factor (physics)"
} |
angular momentum of an electron, L is its orbital angular momentum, and μB is the Bohr magneton. For an infinite-mass nucleus, the value of gL is exactly equal to one, by a quantum-mechanical argument analogous to the derivation of the classical magnetogyric ratio. For an electron in an orbital with a magnetic quantum ... | {
"page_id": 6095269,
"source": null,
"title": "G-factor (physics)"
} |
mostly explained by quantum electrodynamics and its calculation of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment. Almost all of the small difference between the two values (99.96% of it) is due to a well-understood lack of heavy-particle diagrams contributing to the probability for emission of a photon representing the magnetic... | {
"page_id": 6095269,
"source": null,
"title": "G-factor (physics)"
} |
PMID 35705815. S2CID 249710367. | {
"page_id": 6095269,
"source": null,
"title": "G-factor (physics)"
} |
Dangerous Things is a Seattle-based cybernetic microchip biohacking implant retailer formed in 2013 by Amal Graafstra, following a crowdfunding campaign. Dangerous Things built the first personal publicly available implantable NFC compliant transponder in 2013. In September 2020, Dangerous Things began another highly s... | {
"page_id": 65405351,
"source": null,
"title": "Dangerous Things"
} |
In electrochemistry, electrosynthesis is the synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell. Compared to ordinary redox reactions, electrosynthesis sometimes offers improved selectivity and yields. Electrosynthesis is actively studied as a science and also has industrial applications. Electrooxidation has p... | {
"page_id": 6160807,
"source": null,
"title": "Electrosynthesis"
} |
susceptible to oxidation at the anode. == Reactions == Organic oxidations take place at the anode. Compounds are reduced at the cathode. Radical intermediates are often invoked. The initial reaction takes place at the surface of the electrode and then the intermediates diffuse into the solution where they participate i... | {
"page_id": 6160807,
"source": null,
"title": "Electrosynthesis"
} |
is called a Shono oxidation. An example is the α-methoxylation of N-carbomethoxypyrrolidine Oxidation of a carbanion can lead to a coupling reaction for instance in the electrosynthesis of the tetramethyl ester of ethanetetracarboxylic acid from the corresponding malonate ester α-amino acids form nitriles and carbon di... | {
"page_id": 6160807,
"source": null,
"title": "Electrosynthesis"
} |
promoted under supercritical carbon dioxide. Cathodic reduction of a carboxylic acid (oxalic acid) to an aldehyde (glyoxylic acid, shows as the rare aldehyde form) in a divided cell: Originally phenylpropanoic acid could be prepared from reduction of cinnamic acid by electrolysis. An electrocatalysis by a copper comple... | {
"page_id": 6160807,
"source": null,
"title": "Electrosynthesis"
} |
The molecular formula C9H9NO2 (molar mass: 163.17 g/mol, exact mass: 163.0633 u) may refer to: 2,6-Diacetylpyridine Phenyl-2-nitropropene (P2NP) | {
"page_id": 23921063,
"source": null,
"title": "C9H9NO2"
} |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on barium nitrate. == Material Safety Data Sheet == The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions. SIRI MSDS f... | {
"page_id": 8323499,
"source": null,
"title": "Barium nitrate (data page)"
} |
Metabolic network modelling, also known as metabolic network reconstruction or metabolic pathway analysis, allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (s... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
Haemophilus influenzae. The first multicellular organism, C. elegans, was reconstructed in 1998. Since then, many reconstructions have been formed. For a list of reconstructions that have been converted into a model and experimentally validated, see http://sbrg.ucsd.edu/InSilicoOrganisms/OtherOrganisms. == Drafting a r... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
reactions (Oct 2013). ENZYME: An enzyme nomenclature database (part of the ExPASy proteonomics server of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics). After searching for a particular enzyme on the database, this resource gives you the reaction that is catalyzed. ENZYME has direct links to other gene/enzyme/literature databa... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
to fragmentary reactions within the pathway to allow simulations on those. KEGGtranslator converts these files to SBML, BioPAX, SIF, SBGN, SBML with qualitative modeling extension, GML, GraphML, JPG, GIF, LaTeX, etc. ModelSEED: An online resource for the analysis, comparison, reconstruction, and curation of genome-scal... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
reactions are carried over from the known reconstructions to form the draft reconstruction of the organism of interest. Tools such as ERGO, Pathway Tools and Model SEED can compile data into pathways to form a network of metabolic and non-metabolic pathways. These networks are then verified and refined before being mad... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
metabolic reconstructions require additional information about the reversibility and preferred physiological direction of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction which can come from databases such as BRENDA or MetaCyc database. == Model refinement == An initial metabolic reconstruction of a genome is typically far from perfect du... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
phenotypical output of the cell. The presence or absence of certain reactions of the metabolism will affect the amount of reactants/products that are present for other reactions within the particular pathway. This is because products in one reaction go on to become the reactants for another reaction, i.e. products of o... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
approaches, such as extreme pathways, elementary mode analysis, flux balance analysis, and a number of other constraint-based modeling methods. === Extreme pathways === Price, Reed, and Papin, from the Palsson lab, use a method of singular value decomposition (SVD) of extreme pathways in order to understand regulation ... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
analysis of metabolic networks. Like elementary modes or extreme pathways, these are uniquely determined by the network, and yield a complete description of the flux cone. However, the new description is much more compact. In contrast with elementary modes and extreme pathways, which use an inner description based on g... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
gene that needs to be removed is given a constraint value of 0. Then, the reaction that the particular enzyme catalyzes is completely removed from the analysis. === Dynamic simulation and parameter estimation === In order to perform a dynamic simulation with such a network it is necessary to construct an ordinary diffe... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
needed to traverse the metabolic network graph from the inputs, those metabolites available to the organism from the environment, to the outputs, metabolites needed by the organism to survive. To simulate a gene knockout, the reactions enabled by the gene are removed from the network and the synthetic accessibility met... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
like biofuels, or polyhydroxybutyrates also known as bioplastics. Metabolic network reconstructions and models are used to understand how an organism or parasite functions inside of the host cell. For example, if the parasite serves to compromise the immune system by lysing macrophages, then the goal of metabolic recon... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
Stanford Genomic Resources Pathway Hunter Tool IMG The Integrated Microbial Genomes system, for genome analysis by the DOE-JGI. Systems Analysis, Modelling and Prediction Group at the University of Oxford, Biochemical reaction pathway inference techniques. efmtool provided by Marco Terzer SBMLsqueezer Cellnet analyzer ... | {
"page_id": 3408308,
"source": null,
"title": "Metabolic network modelling"
} |
Peptone water is a microbial growth medium composed of peptic digest of animal tissue and sodium chloride. The pH of the medium is 7.2±0.2 at 25 °C and is rich in tryptophan. Peptone water is also a non-selective broth medium which can be used as a primary enrichment medium for the growth of bacteria. == References == | {
"page_id": 52167095,
"source": null,
"title": "Peptone water"
} |
This is a list of genetic algorithm (GA) applications. == Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Science == Bayesian inference links to particle methods in Bayesian statistics and hidden Markov chain models Artificial creativity Chemical kinetics (gas and solid phases) Calculation of bound states and local-density ... | {
"page_id": 28311992,
"source": null,
"title": "List of genetic algorithm applications"
} |
problem. == Earth Sciences == Climatology: Estimation of heat flux between the atmosphere and sea ice Climatology: Modelling global temperature changes Design of water resource systems Groundwater monitoring networks == Finance and Economics == Financial mathematics Real options valuation Portfolio optimization Genetic... | {
"page_id": 28311992,
"source": null,
"title": "List of genetic algorithm applications"
} |
physics. Design of particle accelerator beamlines == Other Applications == Clustering, using genetic algorithms to optimize a wide range of different fit-functions. Multidimensional systems Multimodal Optimization Multiple criteria production scheduling Multiple population topologies and interchange methodologies Mutat... | {
"page_id": 28311992,
"source": null,
"title": "List of genetic algorithm applications"
} |
The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the global conservation organization, as priorities for conservation. According to WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a la... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
action typically takes place at the country level, patterns of biodiversity and ecological processes (e.g., migration) do not conform to political boundaries", which is why ecoregion-based conservation strategies are deemed essential. === Classification === Historically, zoologists and botanists have developed various ... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Selection of the Global 200 relied on extensive studies of 19 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine major habitat types. Selection of the ecoregions was based on analyses of species richness, species endemism, unique higher taxa, unusual ecological or evolutionary phenomena, and global rarity of major habitat type. Globa... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Madagascar subhumid forests Seychelles and Mascarene Islands moist forests AT0113 Granitic Seychelles forests AT0120 Mascarene forests ==== Australasia ==== Sulawesi moist forests AA0123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests AA0124 Sulawesi montane rain forests Moluccas moist forests (Indonesia) AA0106 Halmahera rain forests A... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Sulu Archipelago rain forests Palawan moist forests IM0143 Palawan rain forests Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests IM0119 Kayah–Karen montane rain forests IM0163 Tenasserim–South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests Peninsular Malaysian lowland and montane forests IM0144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests IM01... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Zealand, Fiji, French Polynesia - France, Niue - New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna Islands - France) OC0102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests OC0103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests OC0104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests OC0105 Fiji tropical moist forests OC0112 Samoan tropical moist for... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
forests AA0402 Eastern Australian temperate forests Tasmanian temperate rain forests AA0413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests New Zealand temperate forests AA0403 Fiordland temperate forests AA0404 Nelson Coast temperate forests AA0405 Northland temperate forests AA0406 Northland temperate kauri forests AA0407 Rakiura I... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
==== Palearctic ==== Ural Mountains taiga PA0610 Urals montane tundra and taiga East Siberian taiga PA0601 East Siberian taiga Kamchatka taiga and grasslands PA0603 Kamchatka–Kurile meadows and sparse forests PA0604 Kamchatka–Kurile taiga === Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands === ==== Afrotr... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
African moorlands AT1005 East African montane moorlands Drakensberg montane shrublands and woodlands AT1003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands AT1004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests ==== Australasian ==== New Guinea Central Range subalpine grasslands AA 1002 Central Range subalpine ... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
==== Chilean Matorral NT1201 Chilean Matorral ==== Palearctic ==== Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub PA1214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests === Deserts and xeric shrublands === ==== Afrotropic ==== Namib - Karoo - Kaokoveld deserts (Angola, Namibia, South Africa) AT1310 Kaokoveld desert AT1314 Nama Karoo ... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo) ==== Indomalaya ==== Mekong River (Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam) ==== Nearctic ==== Colorado River (Mexico, United States) Lower Mississippi River (United States) ==== Neotropic ==== Amazon River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru) Orinoco River and fl... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Southeastern rivers and streams (United States) Pacific Northwest coastal rivers and streams (United States) Gulf of Alaska coastal rivers and streams (Canada, United States) ==== Neotropic ==== Guianan freshwater (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela) Greater Antillean freshwater (Cuba, Dominican Republi... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
North Korea, South Korea) Sea of Okhotsk (Japan, Russia) ==== Southern Ocean ==== Patagonian Southwest Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay) Southern Australian Marine (Australia) New Zealand Marine (New Zealand) === Temperate upwelling === ==== North Temperate Indo-Pacific ==== California Current (Canada, Mexic... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
(Brazil) == Global Priority Places == WWF has identified 35 global priority places around the world (terrestrial, freshwater and marine) as either being home to irreplaceable and threatened biodiversity, or representing an opportunity to conserve the largest and most intact representative of their ecosystem. African Ri... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
== See also == Biodiversity hotspots Megadiverse countries Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) == References == == External links == A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Global 200 Ecoregions Archived 2013-10-24 at the Wayback Machine Map of the Global 200 Conservation status map of the global 200 Archived 2006-0... | {
"page_id": 197049,
"source": null,
"title": "Global 200"
} |
Compatibility is a term used by geochemists to describe how elements partition themselves in the solid and melt within Earth's mantle. In geochemistry, compatibility is a measure of how readily a particular trace element substitutes for a major element within a mineral. Compatibility of an ion is controlled by two thin... | {
"page_id": 5571005,
"source": null,
"title": "Compatibility (geochemistry)"
} |
upper mantle region of Earth's interior. In addition, numerous studies have focused on looking at the partition coefficients of certain elements in the basaltic magma to characterize the composition of oceanic crust. By having a way to measure the composition of elements in the crust and mantle given a mineral sample, ... | {
"page_id": 5571005,
"source": null,
"title": "Compatibility (geochemistry)"
} |
the melt than solids. This means that compatible elements have a value of D > 1 {\displaystyle D>1} . Thus, incompatible elements are concentrated in the melt, whereas compatible elements tend to be concentrated in the solid. Compatible elements with D ≫ 1 {\displaystyle D\gg 1} are strongly fractionated and have very ... | {
"page_id": 5571005,
"source": null,
"title": "Compatibility (geochemistry)"
} |
of the melt as different minerals begin to crystallize. Fractional crystallization of elements in basaltic liquids has also been studied to observe the composition of lava in the upper mantle. This concept can be applied by scientists to give insight on the evolution of Earth's mantle and how concentrations of lithophi... | {
"page_id": 5571005,
"source": null,
"title": "Compatibility (geochemistry)"
} |
ocean floor, specifically subduction zones, can be examined using compatibility of specific trace elements. The compatibility of lead (Pb) into zircons under different environments can also be an indication of zircons in rocks. When observing levels of non-radiogenic lead in zircons, this can be a useful tool for radio... | {
"page_id": 5571005,
"source": null,
"title": "Compatibility (geochemistry)"
} |
The molecular formula C18H32O2 (molar mass: 280.44 g/mol) may refer to: Chaulmoogric acid Conjugated linoleic acid Laballenic acid, rare fatty acid Linoleic acid Linoelaidic acid Malvalic acid Rumenic acid, bovinic acid Stearolic acid, acetylenic fatty acid Tariric acid, acetylenic fatty acid Taxoleic acid, saturated f... | {
"page_id": 23593405,
"source": null,
"title": "C18H32O2"
} |
A feral child (also called wild child) is a young individual who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, with little or no experience of human care, social behavior, or language. Such children lack the basics of primary and secondary socialization. The term is used to refer to children who have suf... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
disabled. Yet other scientific studies of feral children exist, such as the case of Genie. == History == Prior to the 1600s, feral and wild children stories were usually limited to myths and legends. In those tales, the depiction of feral children included hunting for food, running on all fours instead of two, and not ... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
(or Mifune) (1987), a boy of around five, was found after spending about a year in the company of monkeys in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. He was given the name Saturday after the day he was found, and Mthiyane was the name of the headmistress of the Special School which took him in. At the age of around 17, he could st... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
to run on all four limbs and hid under a bench. He refused any food given to him and died shortly after being found. The third boy (1344) was found in the winter near the farm Echtzel in Wetterau. He had lived with wolves in a dense wooded area known as "the Hart" for 12 years. He was found by nobles who used the area ... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
She was neglected by her parents, who were alcoholics. The three-year-old, looking for comfort, crawled into the farm and snuggled with the dogs. Her behavior imitated dogs more than humans. She walked on all fours, bared her teeth, and barked. She was removed from her parents' custody by social services. As she lacked... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
frigid ocean water. However, he was caught and hospitalized. He exhibited depression and aggressive tendencies and, although he could speak, he would rarely do so. Traian Căldărar, Romania (found in 2002) also known as "the Romanian Dog Boy" or "Mowgli". From the ages of four to seven, Traian lived without his family. ... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
lived with dogs from birth until she was three years old. She slept with them in the cold, ate food with them, and played with them. Madina's father left her after she was born, after which Madina's mother became an alcoholic and neglected the child as well. When found by social workers in 2013, Madina was completely n... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
1672 and taken to Amsterdam, refused to eat normal food, endured extreme temperatures, and still avoided other humans. Serge Aroles gives evidence that this boy was severely disabled and was exhibited for money.: 199–201 A 14-year-old boy, also known as the sheep boy (2009), was found in Kyrgyzstan living in a sheep fl... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
at Kranenburg near Zwolle. She was born in Antwerp in 1698 and had been kidnapped in 1700 at 16 months old. She was taken by the mistress of a recently deceased merchant who had willed 5,000 dollars to the mistress's (also deceased) baby; the mistress took Jennaert to pass off as her own to collect the money. A large g... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
While at one of the workers' cottages he was briefly caught, but "laughed heartily" and escaped. He appeared to be around 30, and was suspected to have been lost as an infant and "subsisted on herbs." Another boy in the Pyrenees (1775). Victor of Aveyron (1800) – Victor was a feral child in the forests of Aveyron for t... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
folk tales developed around his character, depicting him as a "half fish, half human creature" who lived in a nearby lake. Kaspar Hauser (early 19th century), portrayed in the 1974 Werner Herzog film The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle), who existed but whose account of his own early isolati... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
fingernails, which caused her to be seen as a "wild woman". In 2012, her vocabulary was limited to a few words. Ho Van Lang (2013) was found in Quang Ngai, Vietnam. His father, Ho Van Thanh, took him into the jungle (leaving behind a brother, Ho Van Tri) to flee from the Vietnam War, where he was raised for four decade... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
Mollie to get help with her delivery at a nearby Mexican goat ranch. Upon returning, Mollie was found dead and the baby missing, presumably eaten by wolves. In 1845, however, she was spotted helping a wolf pack attack a herd of goats, and the next year eating raw goat meat. She was briefly held in a ranch but the ranch... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
to a cot for long periods of time. She was mostly fed milk and was never bathed, trained, or caressed by anyone. When she was found, she was suffering from malnutrition as well as muscle atrophy. She was immobile, expressionless, and indifferent to everything. She was believed to be deaf as she did not respond to other... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
Sujit Kumar (1979), named the "Chicken Boy of Fiji" by the media, was born with cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Sujit's mother committed suicide when he was a toddler and his father left him confined under the house to live with the chickens. Sujit was rescued while still a boy and committed to the Samabula Old People's H... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
dogs, and no heat, water, or sewage system. When she was found, she could not speak, would jump at the door and bark as caretakers left, and had "clear attributes of an animal." Sasha T. (2012) is a two-year-old Russian boy who was kept in a room with goats his entire life by his mother. Without any human contact, he h... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
other gazelle-boy cases. Amala and Kamala – Claimed to have been found in 1920 by missionaries near Midnapore, Calcutta region, India, later proved to be a hoax to gain charity for Rev. Singh's orphanage.: 104–113 Scholars from Japan and France launched a new inquiry about Amala and Kamala, and validated the discoverie... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
had one, raised the twins, who would later feature prominently in the events leading up to the founding of Rome (named after Romulus, who eventually killed Remus in a fight over whether the city should be founded on the Palatine Hill or the Aventine Hill). Legendary and fictional children are often depicted as growing ... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
known about in their (and her) home country. Tenar and Ged agree that abandonment was kinder than the murder the children would have otherwise been victims of, but Ged remarks that it was still very cruel and "They scarcely knew human speech." The 2006 novel Magic Hour by Kristin Hannah is about a six-year-old feral ch... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
Boys and Wild Girls: A History of Feral Children. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-21460-6. Reynolds, Cecil R.; Fletcher-Janzen, Elaine, eds. (2004), Concise Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults (2 ed.), Hoboken, New Jersey: Joh... | {
"page_id": 19005888,
"source": null,
"title": "Feral child"
} |
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