id stringlengths 14 91 | family stringclasses 11
values | origin stringclasses 3
values | held_out bool 1
class | state stringlengths 103 335k | reference_date stringclasses 600
values | fields stringlengths 114 30.7k | gold stringlengths 78 50.2k | n_fields int64 1 111 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
squad2-train-57267762708984140094c71b | squad2 | converted | false | The five most prevalent chains are Lotte, Hyundai, Shinsegae, Galleria, AK plaza. Lotte Department Store is the largest, operating more than 40 stores (include outlet, young plaza, foreign branches). Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores (13dept, 1outlet), and there are 10 stores in Shinsegae. Shinsegae has 3 ou... | null | {"department_store_chain_operates": {"name": "department_store_chain_operates", "type": "text", "instructions": "What department store chain operates the most stores?", "options": {}}, "field_distribution_most_often": {"name": "field_distribution_most_often", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where is the \"field of dis... | {"department_store_chain_operates": {"value": "Lotte Department Store", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[82, 104]]}, "field_distribution_most_often": {"value": "South Korea", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[540, 551]]}, "store_largest_department_store": {"value": "Shinsegae department store", "source":... | 9 |
squad2-train-5728cd6b4b864d1900164e68 | squad2 | converted | false | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | null | {"people_create_social_reality": {"name": "people_create_social_reality", "type": "text", "instructions": "How do people create a social reality in which social categorization is achieved?", "options": {}}, "can_said_social_construct": {"name": "can_said_social_construct", "type": "text", "instructions": "What can be s... | {"people_create_social_reality": {"value": "define and talk about a particular conception of race", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[12, 65]]}, "can_said_social_construct": {"value": "races", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[160, 165]]}, "contexts_racial_social_constructs": {"value": "legal, economic, a... | 5 |
squad2-train-570c0778ec8fbc190045bc1e | squad2 | converted | false | On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192... | null | {"1925_incident_crowd_caused": {"name": "1925_incident_crowd_caused", "type": "text", "instructions": "In 1925 what incident by the crowd caused the closing of the stadium?", "options": {}}, "long_stadium_closed": {"name": "long_stadium_closed", "type": "text", "instructions": "How long was the stadium closed?", "optio... | {"1925_incident_crowd_caused": {"value": "jeered the Royal March", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[108, 130]]}, "long_stadium_closed": {"value": "six months", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[173, 183]]}, "year_barcelona_claim_professional": {"value": "1926", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[31... | 5 |
squad2-train-5726ce2d708984140094d1df | squad2 | converted | false | The BBC reported that France was the first journalist to face trial and be convicted under Operation Elveden since the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) had revised its guidance in April 2015 so that prosecutions would only be brought against journalists who had made payments to police officers over a period of time. As ... | null | {"first_journalist_convicted_result": {"name": "first_journalist_convicted_result", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who was the first journalist convicted as a result of Operation Elveden since it had been revised?", "options": {}}, "change_made_operation_elveden": {"name": "change_made_operation_elveden", "type": "te... | {"first_journalist_convicted_result": {"value": "France", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[22, 28]]}, "change_made_operation_elveden": {"value": "prosecutions would only be brought against journalists who had made payments to police officers over a period of time", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[198, ... | 5 |
squad2-train-5726be2b708984140094d007 | squad2 | converted | false | On 1 April, Alexander addressed the Sénat conservateur. Long docile to Napoleon, under Talleyrand's prodding it had turned against him. Alexander told the Sénat that the Allies were fighting against Napoleon, not France, and they were prepared to offer honorable peace terms if Napoleon were removed from power. The next... | null | {"date_alexander_speak_s": {"name": "date_alexander_speak_s", "type": "text", "instructions": "On what date did Alexander speak to the Sénat conservateur?", "options": {}}, "s_nat_conservateur_became": {"name": "s_nat_conservateur_became", "type": "text", "instructions": "The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napole... | {"date_alexander_speak_s": {"value": "1 April", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[3, 10]]}, "s_nat_conservateur_became": {"value": "Talleyrand's", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[87, 99]]}, "act_passed_s_nat": {"value": "the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[343,... | 5 |
squad2-train-573030fda23a5019007fcf3d | squad2 | converted | false | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | null | {"replaced_dowding_november_25": {"name": "replaced_dowding_november_25", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who replaced Dowding on November 25?", "options": {}}, "pilots_remained_february_1941": {"name": "pilots_remained_february_1941", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many pilots remained in February 1941?", "opti... | {"replaced_dowding_november_25": {"value": "Sholto Douglas", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[124, 138]]}, "pilots_remained_february_1941": {"value": "87 pilots", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[349, 358]]}, "supported_gl_carpet": {"value": "six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters", "sou... | 5 |
squad2-train-572abc3734ae481900deac99 | squad2 | converted | false | Droney's health was poor and Kerry had decided to run for his position in the 1978 election should Droney drop out. However, Droney was re-elected and his health improved; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry. Kerry thus decided to leave, departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne S... | null | {"kerry_consider_running_president": {"name": "kerry_consider_running_president", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did Kerry consider running for president if Droney didn't?", "options": {}}, "kerry_leave_da_s": {"name": "kerry_leave_da_s", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did Kerry leave the DA's office?", "... | {"kerry_consider_running_president": {"value": "1978", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[78, 82]]}, "kerry_leave_da_s": {"value": "1979", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[289, 293]]}, "left_da_s_office": {"value": "Roanne Sragow", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[312, 325]]}, "bakery_kerry_co_fou... | 5 |
squad2-train-573267bee17f3d140042294d | squad2 | converted | false | The U.N. speech was well received but the Soviets never acted upon it, due to an overarching concern for the greater stockpiles of nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal. Indeed, Eisenhower embarked upon a greater reliance on the use of nuclear weapons, while reducing conventional forces, and with them the overall defense... | null | {"eisenhower_reduce_he_increased": {"name": "eisenhower_reduce_he_increased", "type": "text", "instructions": "What did Eisenhower reduce as he increased nuclear weapons stockpiles?", "options": {}}, "policy_increasing_nuclear_weapons": {"name": "policy_increasing_nuclear_weapons", "type": "text", "instructions": "What... | {"eisenhower_reduce_he_increased": {"value": "conventional forces", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[266, 285]]}, "policy_increasing_nuclear_weapons": {"value": "New Look", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[444, 452]]}, "eisenhower_begin_cut_defense": {"value": "1953", "source": "span", "alts": [], "span... | 4 |
squad2-train-5726dbd5f1498d1400e8ed7e | squad2 | converted | false | When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction f... | null | {"refused_german_soviet_peace": {"name": "refused_german_soviet_peace", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan?", "options": {}}, "west_creating_war": {"name": "west_creating_war", "type": "text", "instructions": "Why was the west creating a war?", "options": {}}, "provides_rhetoric_poi... | {"refused_german_soviet_peace": {"value": "Britain and France", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[60, 78]]}, "west_creating_war": {"value": "to maintain the Versailles system.", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[497, 531]]}, "provides_rhetoric_points_soviet": {"value": "Molotov", "source": "span", "alts":... | 8 |
squad2-train-5728d86aff5b5019007da804 | squad2 | converted | false | Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students. Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Me... | null | {"branch_philosophy_popper_advance": {"name": "branch_philosophy_popper_advance", "type": "text", "instructions": "What branch of philosophy did Popper advance the most?", "options": {}}, "department_popper_found_london": {"name": "department_popper_found_london", "type": "text", "instructions": "Which department did P... | {"branch_philosophy_popper_advance": {"value": "philosophy of science", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[47, 68]]}, "department_popper_found_london": {"value": "Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[271, 324]]}, "two_major_philosophers_science": {"value... | 10 |
squad2-train-57266bb4f1498d1400e8df32 | squad2 | converted | false | During the campaign, Bonaparte became increasingly influential in French politics. He founded two newspapers: one for the troops in his army and another for circulation in France. The royalists attacked Bonaparte for looting Italy and warned that he might become a dictator. All told, Napoleon's forces extracted an esti... | null | {"action_during_italian_campaign": {"name": "action_during_italian_campaign", "type": "text", "instructions": "For what action during the Italian campaign did the royalists condemn Bonaparte?", "options": {}}, "about_money_napoleon_s": {"name": "about_money_napoleon_s", "type": "text", "instructions": "About how much m... | {"action_during_italian_campaign": {"value": "looting", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[217, 224]]}, "about_money_napoleon_s": {"value": "$45 million", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[326, 337]]}, "approximately_valuable_paintings_sculpture": {"value": "three-hundred", "source": "span", "alts": [], "s... | 5 |
squad2-train-571ae6b632177014007e9fbc | squad2 | converted | false | Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch... | null | {"standardized_books_new_testament": {"name": "standardized_books_new_testament", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who standardized the books of the New Testament?", "options": {}}, "books_used_before_his": {"name": "books_used_before_his", "type": "text", "instructions": "What books were used before his decision to st... | {"standardized_books_new_testament": {"value": "Athanasius", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 10]]}, "books_used_before_his": {"value": "various", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[120, 127]]}, "books_listed_should_included": {"value": "7 books", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[389, 396]]}, "... | 9 |
squad2-train-56e7745537bdd419002c3fc7 | squad2 | converted | false | The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for mainta... | null | {"nara_responsible_collection_archives": {"name": "nara_responsible_collection_archives", "type": "text", "instructions": "NARA is responsible for what collection of archives?", "options": {}}, "independent_agency_preserves_original": {"name": "independent_agency_preserves_original", "type": "text", "instructions": "Wh... | {"nara_responsible_collection_archives": {"value": "National Archives", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[4, 21]]}, "independent_agency_preserves_original": {"value": "National Archives and Records Administration", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[4, 48]]}, "congress_responsible_preserving": {"value": nu... | 7 |
squad2-train-572670205951b619008f72a7 | squad2 | converted | false | In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), S... | null | {"s_year_jersey_dutch": {"name": "s_year_jersey_dutch", "type": "text", "instructions": "What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records?", "options": {}}, "dutch_based_language_popped": {"name": "dutch_based_language_popped", "type": "text", "instructions": "What Dutch-based language popped up ... | {"s_year_jersey_dutch": {"value": "1921", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[185, 189]]}, "dutch_based_language_popped": {"value": "Mohawk Dutch", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[262, 274]]}, "s_more_accurate_name": {"value": "Pennsylvania German", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[501, 520]]}, "d... | 5 |
squad2-train-5731b5b50fdd8d15006c646f | squad2 | converted | false | The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of... | null | {"shows_support_separation_church": {"name": "shows_support_separation_church", "type": "text", "instructions": "What shows support for the separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century?", "options": {}}, "remonstrance_opposed": {"name": "remonstrance_opposed", "type": "text", "instructions": "What we... | {"shows_support_separation_church": {"value": "The Flushing Remonstrance", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 25]]}, "remonstrance_opposed": {"value": "religious persecution of any sort", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[137, 170]]}, "group_english_citizens_sign": {"value": "December 27, 1657", "source... | 10 |
squad2-train-56f8e7679e9bad19000a06de | squad2 | converted | false | Despite lowering rates in surrounding countries, cholera rates were reported in November 2012 to be on the rise, with 1,500 cases reported and nine deaths. A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225. | null | {"type_disease_reported_rise": {"name": "type_disease_reported_rise", "type": "text", "instructions": "What type of disease was reported to be on the rise in Guinea-Bissau?", "options": {}}, "died_cholera_november_2012": {"name": "died_cholera_november_2012", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many died from cholera ... | {"type_disease_reported_rise": {"value": "cholera", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[49, 56]]}, "died_cholera_november_2012": {"value": "nine", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[143, 147]]}, "died_cholera_2008_epidemic": {"value": "225", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[231, 234]]}, "there_report... | 5 |
squad2-train-56f714ef711bf01900a4491e | squad2 | converted | false | Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, J... | null | {"ethnicity_tito_s_mother": {"name": "ethnicity_tito_s_mother", "type": "text", "instructions": "What ethnicity was Tito's mother?", "options": {}}, "ethnicity_tito_s_father": {"name": "ethnicity_tito_s_father", "type": "text", "instructions": "What ethnicity was Tito's father?", "options": {}}, "captured_him_during_wo... | {"ethnicity_tito_s_mother": {"value": "Slovene", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[42, 49]]}, "ethnicity_tito_s_father": {"value": "Croat", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[25, 30]]}, "captured_him_during_world": {"value": "the Imperial Russians", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[277, 298]]}, "ti... | 5 |
squad2-train-5727a8684b864d19001639ae | squad2 | converted | false | John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches... | null | {"john_calvin_claim_jesus": {"name": "john_calvin_claim_jesus", "type": "text", "instructions": "What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?", "options": {}}, "jesus_submit_crucifixion": {"name": "jesus_submit_crucifixion", "type": "text", "instructions": "Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion?", "options": {}}, "e... | {"john_calvin_claim_jesus": {"value": "successfully argued for his innocence", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[117, 154]]}, "jesus_submit_crucifixion": {"value": "obedience to the Father", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[196, 219]]}, "eastern_church_believes_regarding": {"value": "\"pre-eternally\" de... | 10 |
squad2-train-56e7989c37bdd419002c41d3 | squad2 | converted | false | On 21 April, Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River. On April 23, 1949, the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Nanjing. The KMT government retreated to Canton (Guangzhou) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10. By late 1949, the PLA ... | null | {"communist_troops_cross_yangtze": {"name": "communist_troops_cross_yangtze", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did the Communist troops cross the Yangtze River?", "options": {}}, "nanjing_conquered_communist_people": {"name": "nanjing_conquered_communist_people", "type": "text", "instructions": "When was Nanjing c... | {"communist_troops_cross_yangtze": {"value": "21 April", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[3, 11]]}, "nanjing_conquered_communist_people": {"value": "April 23, 1949", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[60, 74]]}, "kmt_government_stay_until": {"value": "Canton (Guangzhou)", "source": "span", "alts": [], "sp... | 5 |
squad2-train-5728f45c6aef0514001548b0 | squad2 | converted | false | Torii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Tor... | null | {"torii_mototada_serve": {"name": "torii_mototada_serve", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who did Torii Mototada serve?", "options": {}}, "torii_mototada_born": {"name": "torii_mototada_born", "type": "text", "instructions": "When was Torii Mototada born?", "options": {}}, "torii_mototada_die": {"name": "torii_mototad... | {"torii_mototada_serve": {"value": "Tokugawa Ieyasu", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[63, 78]]}, "torii_mototada_born": {"value": "1539", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[16, 20]]}, "torii_mototada_die": {"value": "1600", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[21, 25]]}, "people_ishida_mitsunari_s": ... | 5 |
squad2-train-56d96fb4dc89441400fdb462 | squad2 | converted | false | Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: "We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a wel... | null | {"head_canberra_torch_relay": {"name": "head_canberra_torch_relay", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee?", "options": {}}, "supporters_tibet_expected_canberra": {"name": "supporters_tibet_expected_canberra", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many supporters of Tibe... | {"head_canberra_torch_relay": {"value": "Ted Quinlan", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[176, 187]]}, "supporters_tibet_expected_canberra": {"value": "600", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[6, 9]]}, "act_chief_minister_jon": {"value": "the Chinese embassy", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[501, 5... | 8 |
squad2-train-56fb92c78ddada1400cd650b | squad2 | converted | false | The publication of vernacular literature increased, with Dante (d. 1321), Petrarch (d. 1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio (d. 1375) in 14th-century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) and William Langland (d. c. 1386) in England, and François Villon (d. 1464) and Christine de Pizan (d. c. 1430) in France. Much literature remai... | null | {"along_dante_boccaccio_notable": {"name": "along_dante_boccaccio_notable", "type": "text", "instructions": "Along with Dante and Boccaccio, who was a notable Italian author of the 14th century?", "options": {}}, "chaucer_die": {"name": "chaucer_die", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did Chaucer die?", "options": ... | {"along_dante_boccaccio_notable": {"value": "Petrarch", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[74, 82]]}, "chaucer_die": {"value": "1400", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[170, 174]]}, "notable_female_french_author": {"value": "Christine de Pizan", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[256, 274]]}, "langua... | 5 |
squad2-train-5705f3a375f01819005e77c2 | squad2 | converted | false | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | null | {"describes_experiment_swallows": {"name": "describes_experiment_swallows", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who describes an experiment with swallows?", "options": {}}, "experiment_take_place": {"name": "experiment_take_place", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where did this experiment take place?", "options": {}}, "e... | {"describes_experiment_swallows": {"value": "Bewick", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 6]]}, "experiment_take_place": {"value": "Britain", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[81, 88]]}, "experiment_succeed": {"value": "they remained warm and dry through the winters", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans... | 4 |
squad2-train-5726a86a708984140094cd1b | squad2 | converted | false | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | null | {"considered_first_truly_gothic": {"name": "considered_first_truly_gothic", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is considered the first truly Gothic building?", "options": {}}, "cathedral_first_rebuilt_new": {"name": "cathedral_first_rebuilt_new", "type": "text", "instructions": "Which cathedral was first to be rebui... | {"considered_first_truly_gothic": {"value": "The Basilica of Saint Denis", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 27]]}, "cathedral_first_rebuilt_new": {"value": "Noyon Cathedral", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[179, 194]]}, "one_features_have_come": {"value": "ribbed vaulting", "source": "span", "alts":... | 7 |
squad2-train-56e0fb7b231d4119001ac530 | squad2 | converted | false | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | null | {"ancient_law_served_precursor": {"name": "ancient_law_served_precursor", "type": "text", "instructions": "What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics?", "options": {}}, "word_characterizes_type_procedure": {"name": "word_characterizes_type_procedure", "type": "text",... | {"ancient_law_served_precursor": {"value": "Roman Law Code of Justinian", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[51, 78]]}, "word_characterizes_type_procedure": {"value": "adversarial", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[369, 380]]}, "term_characterizes_type_procedure": {"value": "inquisitorial", "source": "spa... | 8 |
squad2-train-56fc87acb53dbe1900755123 | squad2 | converted | false | The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word ... | null | {"speech_perception_articulation_findings": {"name": "speech_perception_articulation_findings", "type": "text", "instructions": "How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas?", "options": {}}, "interchanging_allophones_same_pheneme": {"name": "interchanging_... | {"speech_perception_articulation_findings": {"value": "complicate", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[73, 83]]}, "interchanging_allophones_same_pheneme": {"value": "unrecognizable", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[260, 274]]}, "splicing_words_affect": {"value": "speech perception", "source": "span", "al... | 8 |
squad2-train-570b52c7ec8fbc190045b988 | squad2 | converted | false | The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared. The Confederacy hoped to win by getting Britain and France to intervene, or else by wearing down the North's willingness to fight. The U.S. sought a quick victory focused on capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. The Confederates under Robert E. Lee... | null | {"confederate_overall_strategy_win": {"name": "confederate_overall_strategy_win", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the Confederate overall strategy to win the Civil War?", "options": {}}, "union_s_original_war": {"name": "union_s_original_war", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the Union's original war... | {"confederate_overall_strategy_win": {"value": "getting Britain and France to intervene", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[85, 124]]}, "union_s_original_war": {"value": "capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[227, 282]]}, "led_confederate_forces_defend... | 8 |
squad2-train-56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6c | squad2 | converted | false | In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution,... | null | {"politican_left_presidential_race": {"name": "politican_left_presidential_race", "type": "text", "instructions": "Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?", "options": {}}, "long_presidential_term_become": {"name": "long_presidential_term_become", "type": "text", "instructions":... | {"politican_left_presidential_race": {"value": "Milongo", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[211, 218]]}, "long_presidential_term_become": {"value": "seven years", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[419, 430]]}, "new_constitution_ratified": {"value": "January 2002", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[... | 9 |
squad2-train-56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372d6 | squad2 | converted | false | Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era. In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord... | null | {"classical_music_2000s_has": {"name": "classical_music_2000s_has", "type": "text", "instructions": "Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?", "options": {}}, "baroque_era_would_improvise": {"name": "baroque_era_would_improvise", "type": "text", "instructions": "In the Baroque era,... | {"classical_music_2000s_has": {"value": "improvisation", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[81, 94]]}, "baroque_era_would_improvise": {"value": "organ performers", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[238, 254]]}, "would_improvise_musical_ornaments": {"value": "instrumental performers", "source": "span", "alt... | 5 |
squad2-train-572ec021c246551400ce4600 | squad2 | converted | false | In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi... | null | {"gaddafi_staged_his_coup": {"name": "gaddafi_staged_his_coup", "type": "text", "instructions": "When Gaddafi staged his coup, did he need to use a great show of violence?", "options": {}}, "gaddafi_decide_stage_his": {"name": "gaddafi_decide_stage_his", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did Gaddafi decide to stage... | {"gaddafi_staged_his_coup": {"value": "They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists.", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[613, 697]]}, "gaddafi_decide_stage_his": {"value": "In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece.", "source": "span", "al... | 10 |
squad2-train-57060ece75f01819005e791a | squad2 | converted | false | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | null | {"first_road_connected_atlantic": {"name": "first_road_connected_atlantic", "type": "text", "instructions": "The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town?", "options": {}}, "first_road_connected_atlantic_2": {"name": "first_road_connected_atlantic_2", "type": "text", "instructions": "The first road tha... | {"first_road_connected_atlantic": {"value": "Pleasantville", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[54, 67]]}, "first_road_connected_atlantic_2": {"value": "1870", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[85, 89]]}, "toll_charged_first_road": {"value": "30-cent", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[104, 111]]}, ... | 4 |
squad2-train-57277b0fdd62a815002e9e18 | squad2 | converted | false | In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kuns... | null | {"students_norway_originally_see": {"name": "students_norway_originally_see", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where did students in Norway originally see the celebrations?", "options": {}}, "artist_federation_hold_their": {"name": "artist_federation_hold_their", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where did the artist fe... | {"students_norway_originally_see": {"value": "Paris", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[48, 53]]}, "artist_federation_hold_their": {"value": "in the old Freemasons lodge", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[236, 263]]}, "composed_song_karneval_paris": {"value": "Johan Svendsens", "source": "span", "alts": ... | 5 |
squad2-train-5731cd7fe17f3d1400422429 | squad2 | converted | false | In the Regal era, a rex sacrorum (king of the sacred rites) supervised regal and state rites in conjunction with the king (rex) or in his absence, and announced the public festivals. He had little or no civil authority. With the abolition of monarchy, the collegial power and influence of the Republican pontifices incre... | null | {"supervised_sacred_rites_during": {"name": "supervised_sacred_rites_during", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings?", "options": {}}, "type_authority_rex_sacrorum": {"name": "type_authority_rex_sacrorum", "type": "text", "instructions": "What type of authority did the rex... | {"supervised_sacred_rites_during": {"value": "rex sacrorum", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[20, 32]]}, "type_authority_rex_sacrorum": {"value": "civil", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[203, 208]]}, "group_s_power_increased": {"value": "Republican pontifices", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[... | 5 |
squad2-train-56f87461aef23719006260a3 | squad2 | converted | false | In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mounta... | null | {"term_alp_alm_albe": {"name": "term_alp_alm_albe", "type": "text", "instructions": "The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to what in modern languages?", "options": {}}, "refers_high_mountain_pasture": {"name": "refers_high_mountain_pasture", "type": "text", "instructions": "What refers to a high mountain pasture wher... | {"term_alp_alm_albe": {"value": "a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[62, 136]]}, "refers_high_mountain_pasture": {"value": "An alp", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[138, 144]]}, "words_such_horn_kogel": {"value": "German speaking... | 4 |
squad2-train-57263eda271a42140099d7cb | squad2 | converted | false | Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around ... | null | {"there_any_purebreed_lines": {"name": "there_any_purebreed_lines", "type": "text", "instructions": "Are there any purebreed lines for poultry today?", "options": {}}, "poultry_business_boom_united": {"name": "poultry_business_boom_united", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did the poultry business boom in the Unit... | {"there_any_purebreed_lines": {"value": "with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin.", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[91, 175]]}, "poultry_business_boom_united": {"value": "By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the ... | 12 |
squad2-train-56e73fb737bdd419002c3df9 | squad2 | converted | false | Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hou... | null | {"southern_hemisphere_aspect_dst": {"name": "southern_hemisphere_aspect_dst", "type": "text", "instructions": "In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?", "options": {}}, "local_time_chile_change": {"name": "local_time_chile_change", "type": "text", "instruc... | {"southern_hemisphere_aspect_dst": {"value": "Beginning and ending dates", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 26]]}, "local_time_chile_change": {"value": "24:00", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[209, 214]]}, "day_week_dst_begin": {"value": "Saturday", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[136, 144]... | 5 |
squad2-train-5726c099708984140094d085 | squad2 | converted | false | The existence of literary and colloquial readings (文白異讀), called tha̍k-im (讀音), is a prominent feature of some Hokkien dialects and indeed in many Sinitic varieties in the south. The bulk of literary readings (文讀, bûn-tha̍k), based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang Dynasty, are mainly used in formal p... | null | {"literary_colloquial_readings_called": {"name": "literary_colloquial_readings_called", "type": "text", "instructions": "What are literary and colloquial readings called?", "options": {}}, "another_name_colloquial": {"name": "another_name_colloquial", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is another name for colloquial... | {"literary_colloquial_readings_called": {"value": "tha̍k-im", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[65, 73]]}, "another_name_colloquial": {"value": "vernacular)", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[436, 447]]}, "literary_readings_usually_used": {"value": "formal phrases and written language", "source": "span",... | 9 |
squad2-train-570aba3b4103511400d5996e | squad2 | converted | false | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a... | null | {"british_navy_constructing_replace": {"name": "british_navy_constructing_replace", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the British Navy constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers?", "options": {}}, "will_2_queen_elizabeth": {"name": "will_2_queen_elizabeth", "type": "text", "instructions": "Wha... | {"british_navy_constructing_replace": {"value": "two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[39, 104]]}, "will_2_queen_elizabeth": {"value": "HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[178, 221]]}, "2_queen_eliz... | 10 |
squad2-train-57260b4389a1e219009ac184 | squad2 | converted | false | Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single p... | null | {"variety_has_there_materials": {"name": "variety_has_there_materials", "type": "text", "instructions": "What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?", "options": {}}, "article_carried_rather_than": {"name": "article_carried_rather_than", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is an artic... | {"variety_has_there_materials": {"value": "very wide", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[49, 58]]}, "article_carried_rather_than": {"value": "purses", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[293, 299]]}, "jewelry_isn_t_considered": {"value": "adornment", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[382, 391]]}, "fo... | 10 |
squad2-train-57271144f1498d1400e8f300 | squad2 | converted | false | The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an ... | null | {"uniqueness_mycobacterium_tuberculosis_due": {"name": "uniqueness_mycobacterium_tuberculosis_due", "type": "text", "instructions": "The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule?", "options": {}}, "division_rate_tb_bacterium": {"name": "division_rate_tb_bacterium", "typ... | {"uniqueness_mycobacterium_tuberculosis_due": {"value": "lipid", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[99, 104]]}, "division_rate_tb_bacterium": {"value": "slow", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[243, 247]]}, "nature_helper_mtb_bacterium": {"value": "a host organism", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [... | 10 |
squad2-train-56dee59b3277331400b4d7cf | squad2 | converted | false | All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is... | null | {"requirement_equipment_caf": {"name": "requirement_equipment_caf", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?", "options": {}}, "some_equipment_used_both": {"name": "some_equipment_used_both", "type": "text", "instructions": "What are some of the equipment used by both men and wo... | {"requirement_equipment_caf": {"value": "equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[4, 55]]}, "some_equipment_used_both": {"value": "Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[57, 96]]}, "special_entitlement_women_provided": {"v... | 6 |
squad2-train-5726ae3cdd62a815002e8cce | squad2 | converted | false | Many of the limitations of the classic commutator DC motor are due to the need for brushes to press against the commutator. This creates friction. Sparks are created by the brushes making and breaking circuits through the rotor coils as the brushes cross the insulating gaps between commutator sections. Depending on the... | null | {"rfi_generated": {"name": "rfi_generated", "type": "text", "instructions": "How is RFI generated?", "options": {}}, "brushes_need_contact": {"name": "brushes_need_contact", "type": "text", "instructions": "What do brushes need to be in contact with?", "options": {}}, "created_contact_between_parts": {"name": "created_... | {"rfi_generated": {"value": "sparking", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[946, 954]]}, "brushes_need_contact": {"value": "commutator", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[112, 122]]}, "created_contact_between_parts": {"value": "friction", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[137, 145]]}, "sparking_limit... | 10 |
squad2-train-570bf7f9ec8fbc190045bbec | squad2 | converted | false | Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO/IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£). Almost every... | null | {"retified_versionof_ascii": {"name": "retified_versionof_ascii", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is a retified versionof ASCII?", "options": {}}, "type_extensions_other_character": {"name": "type_extensions_other_character", "type": "text", "instructions": "What type of extensions do these other character encodi... | {"retified_versionof_ascii": {"value": "ISO/IEC 646", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[79, 90]]}, "type_extensions_other_character": {"value": "extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[145, 242]]}, "most_countrie... | 9 |
squad2-train-5725c76638643c19005accd5 | squad2 | converted | false | Since Israel's capture of these territories, Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them. Israel has applied civilian law to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem and granted their inhabitants permanent residency status and the ability to apply for citizenship. The West Bank, outsi... | null | {"declared_annexation_golan_heights": {"name": "declared_annexation_golan_heights", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?", "options": {}}, "captured_israel_six_day": {"name": "captured_israel_six_day", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was captured by... | {"declared_annexation_golan_heights": {"value": "UN Security Council", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[679, 698]]}, "captured_israel_six_day": {"value": "Israeli West Bank", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[1006, 1023]]}, "israel_withdraw_disband_military": {"value": "Gaza Strip", "source": "span", "al... | 3 |
squad2-train-570cfff3fed7b91900d45bad | squad2 | converted | false | The Macintosh (/ˈmækᵻntɒʃ/ MAK-in-tosh; branded as Mac since 1997) is a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user inte... | null | {"macintosh_branded_mac": {"name": "macintosh_branded_mac", "type": "text", "instructions": "When was the Macintosh branded as Mac?", "options": {}}, "designed_develped_marketed_mac": {"name": "designed_develped_marketed_mac", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who designed, develped, and marketed the Mac computers?", "o... | {"macintosh_branded_mac": {"value": "1997", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[61, 65]]}, "designed_develped_marketed_mac": {"value": "Apple Inc.", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[144, 154]]}, "steve_jobs_introduce_january": {"value": "original Macintosh computer", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": ... | 10 |
squad2-train-57266c3edd62a815002e8466 | squad2 | converted | false | During the 1760s and early 1770s, relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained, primarily because of resentment of the British Parliament's attempts to govern and tax American colonists without their consent. This was summarised at the time by the slogan "No taxation without represen... | null | {"british_relations_area_became": {"name": "british_relations_area_became", "type": "text", "instructions": "British relations with which area became strained in the 1760s-1770s?", "options": {}}, "american_colonists_anti_tax": {"name": "american_colonists_anti_tax", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the Americ... | {"british_relations_area_became": {"value": "the Thirteen Colonies", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[52, 73]]}, "american_colonists_anti_tax": {"value": "\"No taxation without representation\"", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[291, 327]]}, "us_declare_independence": {"value": "1776", "source": "span",... | 5 |
squad2-train-56e06a517aa994140058e479 | squad2 | converted | false | Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster. | null | {"has_different_significance_various": {"name": "has_different_significance_various", "type": "text", "instructions": "What has a different significance in various languages?", "options": {}}, "two_forms_can_aspiration": {"name": "two_forms_can_aspiration", "type": "text", "instructions": "What two forms can aspiration... | {"has_different_significance_various": {"value": "Aspiration", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 10]]}, "two_forms_can_aspiration": {"value": "allophonic or phonemic", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[73, 95]]}, "may_analyzed_underlying_symbol": {"value": null, "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [... | 7 |
squad2-train-56f6fb8f711bf01900a448bc | squad2 | converted | false | The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest Словѣне Slověne to describe the Slavs. Other early Slavic attestations include Old East Slavic Словѣнѣ Slověně for "an East Slavic group near Nov... | null | {"slov_nin_plural_slov": {"name": "slov_nin_plural_slov", "type": "text", "instructions": "*Slověninъ, plural *Slověne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what?", "options": {}}, "old_9th_century_documents": {"name": "old_9th_century_documents", "type": "text", "instructions": "Old 9th century documents describing ... | {"slov_nin_plural_slov": {"value": "Proto-Slavic", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[39, 51]]}, "old_9th_century_documents": {"value": "Old Church Slavonic", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[116, 135]]}, "wrote_about_slavs_byzantine": {"value": "Procopius", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[444, 4... | 8 |
squad2-train-570b5cafec8fbc190045b9a4 | squad2 | converted | false | Starting in 1940 (18 months before Pearl Harbor), the nation mobilized, giving high priority to air power. American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China. The U.S. entered officially on 8 December 1941 f... | null | {"american_priority_mobilization_prior": {"name": "american_priority_mobilization_prior", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the American priority in mobilization prior to entering World War II?", "options": {}}, "us_officially_enter_world": {"name": "us_officially_enter_world", "type": "text", "instructions": "... | {"american_priority_mobilization_prior": {"value": "air power", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[96, 105]]}, "us_officially_enter_world": {"value": "8 December 1941", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[303, 318]]}, "event_led_america_entering": {"value": "the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii", "sou... | 10 |
squad2-train-5706bad60eeca41400aa0db3 | squad2 | converted | false | It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation... | null | {"defected_records_forefront_type": {"name": "defected_records_forefront_type", "type": "text", "instructions": "Defected Records was at the forefront of what type of house music?", "options": {}}, "roule_om_forefront_type": {"name": "roule_om_forefront_type", "type": "text", "instructions": "Roule and Om was at the fo... | {"defected_records_forefront_type": {"value": "vocal house", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[31, 42]]}, "roule_om_forefront_type": {"value": "vocal house", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[31, 42]]}, "dennis_ferrer_produced_type": {"value": "electro house and fidget house", "source": "span", "alts": []... | 9 |
squad2-train-570bf3abec8fbc190045bbe2 | squad2 | converted | false | ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was publishe... | null | {"ascii_developed": {"name": "ascii_developed", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was ASCII developed from?", "options": {}}, "first_commercial_use_ascii": {"name": "first_commercial_use_ascii", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the first commercial use of ASCII?", "options": {}}, "work_ascii_standard_begin... | {"ascii_developed": {"value": "telegraphic codes", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[21, 38]]}, "first_commercial_use_ascii": {"value": "a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[72, 131]]}, "work_ascii_standard_begin": {"value": "October 6, 1960", "so... | 10 |
squad2-train-573070bb396df91900096100 | squad2 | converted | false | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | null | {"researchers_use_back_translation": {"name": "researchers_use_back_translation", "type": "text", "instructions": "What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation?", "options": {}}, "jan_potocki": {"name": "jan_potocki", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who wa... | {"researchers_use_back_translation": {"value": "the original text", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[163, 180]]}, "jan_potocki": {"value": "Polish aristocrat", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[244, 261]]}, "language_saragossa_manuscript_originally": {"value": "French", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spa... | 8 |
squad2-train-570d489cb3d812140066d641 | squad2 | converted | false | Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of En... | null | {"during_period_has_valencia": {"name": "during_period_has_valencia", "type": "text", "instructions": "During what period has Valencia had a cultural surge?", "options": {}}, "structural_engineer_s_work": {"name": "structural_engineer_s_work", "type": "text", "instructions": "Which structural engineer's work has helped... | {"during_period_has_valencia": {"value": "the last thirty years", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[68, 89]]}, "structural_engineer_s_work": {"value": "Santiago Calatrava", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[499, 517]]}, "architect_other_than_calatrava": {"value": "Félix Candela", "source": "span", "alts":... | 4 |
squad2-train-571023c2a58dae1900cd6900 | squad2 | converted | false | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | null | {"according_thompson_v_oklahoma": {"name": "according_thompson_v_oklahoma", "type": "text", "instructions": "According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed?", "options": {}}, "year_thompson_v_oklahoma": {"name": "year_thompson_v_oklahoma", "type": "text", "instructions"... | {"according_thompson_v_oklahoma": {"value": "Sixteen", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 7]]}, "year_thompson_v_oklahoma": {"value": "1988", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[58, 62]]}, "month_year_roper_v": {"value": "March 2005", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[163, 173]]}, "roper_v_simmons_... | 10 |
squad2-train-5725fc3b89a1e219009ac132 | squad2 | converted | false | Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capa... | null | {"most_people_highbury_stadium": {"name": "most_people_highbury_stadium", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the most people that Highbury stadium could host?", "options": {}}, "league_regulations_make_arsenal": {"name": "league_regulations_make_arsenal", "type": "text", "instructions": "When did League regulati... | {"most_people_highbury_stadium": {"value": "60,000", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[30, 36]]}, "league_regulations_make_arsenal": {"value": "1993–94 season", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[239, 253]]}, "arsenal_play_matches_because": {"value": "Wembley", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[529,... | 10 |
squad2-train-57326d86b9d445190005eb17 | squad2 | converted | false | The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature. All of the characters in Herman Wouk's City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder (1948) live in the Bronx, and about half of the action is set there. Kate Simon's Bronx Primitive: Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical, a warm account o... | null | {"city_boy_adventures_herbie": {"name": "city_boy_adventures_herbie", "type": "text", "instructions": "When was 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' published?", "options": {}}, "city_boy_adventures_herbie_2": {"name": "city_boy_adventures_herbie_2", "type": "text", "instructions": "How much of 'City Boy: Th... | {"city_boy_adventures_herbie": {"value": "1948", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[151, 155]]}, "city_boy_adventures_herbie_2": {"value": "about half", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[180, 190]]}, "wrote_city_boy_adventures": {"value": "Herman Wouk", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[90, 101]]}, ... | 5 |
squad2-train-57100d1da58dae1900cd681a | squad2 | converted | false | Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated. For instance, in the United States, the FBI reported that 15.6% of hate crimes reported to police in 2004 were "because of a sexual-orientation bias". Under the UK Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, as explained by Advisory, Concil... | null | {"can_affect_person_treated": {"name": "can_affect_person_treated", "type": "text", "instructions": "What can affect how a person is treated?", "options": {}}, "percent_hate_crimes_fbi": {"name": "percent_hate_crimes_fbi", "type": "text", "instructions": "What percent of hate crimes did the FBI relate to sexual orienta... | {"can_affect_person_treated": {"value": "Perceived sexual orientation", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 28]]}, "percent_hate_crimes_fbi": {"value": "15.6%", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[123, 128]]}, "uk_emloyment_eequality_sexual": {"value": "2003,", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[282,... | 4 |
squad2-train-56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec7e | squad2 | converted | false | Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust... | null | {"term_used_interchangeably_daylight": {"name": "term_used_interchangeably_daylight", "type": "text", "instructions": "What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?", "options": {}}, "period_time_we_set": {"name": "period_time_we_set", "type": "text", "instructions": "What period of time do we set our cl... | {"term_used_interchangeably_daylight": {"value": "summer time", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[30, 41]]}, "period_time_we_set": {"value": "one hour", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[102, 110]]}, "we_get_extra_hour": {"value": "daylight", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[134, 142]]}, "season_r... | 5 |
squad2-train-56f71cd0711bf01900a44986 | squad2 | converted | false | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the same reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties stil... | null | {"more_permissive_rule_regarding": {"name": "more_permissive_rule_regarding", "type": "text", "instructions": "A more permissive rule regarding what emerged to encourage the largest number of states to join treaties?", "options": {}}, "reservations_generally_permitted_so": {"name": "reservations_generally_permitted_so"... | {"more_permissive_rule_regarding": {"value": "reservations", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[270, 282]]}, "reservations_generally_permitted_so": {"value": "inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[422, 476]]}, "international_law_originally_respond": {"va... | 5 |
squad2-train-56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17232 | squad2 | converted | false | Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph... | null | {"settled_parts_england": {"name": "settled_parts_england", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who settled in parts of England?", "options": {}}, "polabian_slavs_wends_settle": {"name": "polabian_slavs_wends_settle", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where did Polabian Slavs (Wends) settle?", "options": {}}, "polabian_pom... | {"settled_parts_england": {"value": "Polabian Slavs (Wends)", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 22]]}, "polabian_slavs_wends_settle": {"value": "parts of England (Danelaw)", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[34, 60]]}, "polabian_pomeranian_slavs_also": {"value": "Norse age Iceland", "source": "span", "... | 10 |
squad2-train-56fdc48f19033b140034cd53 | squad2 | converted | false | Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital compute... | null | {"analog_computers_originally_used": {"name": "analog_computers_originally_used", "type": "text", "instructions": "What were analog computers originally used for?", "options": {}}, "during_war_computers_first": {"name": "during_war_computers_first", "type": "text", "instructions": "During what war were computers first ... | {"analog_computers_originally_used": {"value": "astronomical calculations", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[111, 136]]}, "during_war_computers_first": {"value": "World War II,", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[141, 154]]}, "computer_terms_pc_stand": {"value": "personal computers", "source": "span", "a... | 4 |
squad2-train-572ac830be1ee31400cb822f | squad2 | converted | false | Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound ... | null | {"bus_line_uses_city": {"name": "bus_line_uses_city", "type": "text", "instructions": "What bus line uses the city as a hub?", "options": {}}, "greyhound_terminal_located": {"name": "greyhound_terminal_located", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where is Greyhound terminal located?", "options": {}}, "other_bus_companies... | {"bus_line_uses_city": {"value": "Greyhound Lines", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[37, 52]]}, "greyhound_terminal_located": {"value": "1001 Filbert Street", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[235, 254]]}, "other_bus_companies_operate": {"value": "six", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[463, 466]]... | 4 |
squad2-train-5733625ed058e614000b59a9 | squad2 | converted | false | The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas b... | null | {"first_recorded_history_region": {"name": "first_recorded_history_region", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the first recorded history of this region?", "options": {}}, "modern_tajikistan_part_around": {"name": "modern_tajikistan_part_around", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was modern Tajikistan part o... | {"first_recorded_history_region": {"value": "about 500 BCE", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[58, 71]]}, "modern_tajikistan_part_around": {"value": "the Achaemenid Empire", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[128, 149]]}, "took_over_territory_made": {"value": "Alexander the Great", "source": "span", "alts"... | 8 |
squad2-train-5728e3e62ca10214002daa3c | squad2 | converted | false | In 2004, philosopher and psychologist Michel ter Hark (Groningen, The Netherlands) published a book, called Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology, in which he claimed that Popper took some of his ideas from his tutor, the German psychologist Otto Selz. Selz never published his ideas, partly becaus... | null | {"german_psychologist_tutor_popper": {"name": "german_psychologist_tutor_popper", "type": "text", "instructions": "Which German psychologist and tutor of Popper may have originated some of Popper's ideas?", "options": {}}, "claimed_otto_selz_deserved": {"name": "claimed_otto_selz_deserved", "type": "text", "instruction... | {"german_psychologist_tutor_popper": {"value": "Otto Selz", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[264, 273]]}, "claimed_otto_selz_deserved": {"value": "Michel ter Hark", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[38, 53]]}, "contributed_otto_selz_s": {"value": "the rise of Nazism", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans... | 10 |
squad2-train-572936abaf94a219006aa1a3 | squad2 | converted | false | Color in glass may be obtained by addition of electrically charged ions (or color centers) that are homogeneously distributed, and by precipitation of finely dispersed particles (such as in photochromic glasses). Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) ... | null | {"can_give_glass_faint": {"name": "can_give_glass_faint", "type": "text", "instructions": "What can give glass a faint green tinge?", "options": {}}, "can_prevent_green_color": {"name": "can_prevent_green_color", "type": "text", "instructions": "What can prevent a green color in glass?", "options": {}}, "other_than_add... | {"can_give_glass_faint": {"value": "iron(II) oxide", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[299, 313]]}, "can_prevent_green_color": {"value": "Manganese dioxide", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[757, 774]]}, "other_than_additives_can": {"value": "reducing combustion atmosphere", "source": "span", "alts": [],... | 10 |
squad2-train-56e16caee3433e1400422f04 | squad2 | converted | false | The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" and pols "temple", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish rueca and sien, o... | null | {"origin_language_elements_found": {"name": "origin_language_elements_found", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish?", "options": {}}, "origin_some_spanish_words": {"name": "origin_some_spanish_words", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the or... | {"origin_language_elements_found": {"value": "Germanic", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[4, 12]]}, "origin_some_spanish_words": {"value": "Latin origin", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[191, 203]]}, "has_different_results_spanish": {"value": "Germanic superstrate", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans... | 3 |
squad2-train-56f89a8d9e9bad19000a01b7 | squad2 | converted | false | Glaciers end in ice caves (the Rhone Glacier), by trailing into a lake or river, or by shedding snowmelt on a meadow. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. In the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-It... | null | {"causes_flooding_property_damage": {"name": "causes_flooding_property_damage", "type": "text", "instructions": "What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life?", "options": {}}, "killed_about_2500_people": {"name": "killed_about_2500_people", "type": "text", "instructions": "What killed about 2500 people in t... | {"causes_flooding_property_damage": {"value": "a piece of glacier will detach or break", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[128, 167]]}, "killed_about_2500_people": {"value": "an avalanche", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[278, 290]]}, "homes_village_near_zermatt": {"value": "120 homes", "source": "span"... | 3 |
squad2-train-572b8919f75d5e190021fe38 | squad2 | converted | false | Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) whic... | null | {"years_czech_continued_evolve": {"name": "years_czech_continued_evolve", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many years as Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance?", "options": {}}, "kralice_bible_published": {"name": "kralice_bible_published", "type": "text", "instructions": "When was the Kralice B... | {"years_czech_continued_evolve": {"value": "hundreds", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[62, 70]]}, "kralice_bible_published": {"value": "late sixteenth century", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[237, 259]]}, "publication_kralice_bible_spawn": {"value": "widespread nationalism", "source": "span", "alts":... | 10 |
squad2-train-572843d4ff5b5019007da048 | squad2 | converted | false | Along with professional services, media companies are concentrated in London and the media distribution industry is London's second most competitive sector. The BBC is a significant employer, while other broadcasters also have headquarters around the City. Many national newspapers are edited in London. London is a majo... | null | {"second_largest_port_uk": {"name": "second_largest_port_uk", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the second largest port in the UK?", "options": {}}, "approximately_spent_non_food": {"name": "approximately_spent_non_food", "type": "text", "instructions": "Approximately how much was spent on non-food retail sales ... | {"second_largest_port_uk": {"value": "The Port of London", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[456, 474]]}, "approximately_spent_non_food": {"value": "£64.2 billion", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[441, 454]]}, "cargo_port_london_handle": {"value": "45 million tonnes", "source": "span", "alts": [], "span... | 5 |
squad2-train-56fb92688ddada1400cd6501 | squad2 | converted | false | Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial sec... | null | {"main_purpose_education_period": {"name": "main_purpose_education_period", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the main purpose of education in this period?", "options": {}}, "along_rhetoric_logic_constituted": {"name": "along_rhetoric_logic_constituted", "type": "text", "instructions": "Along with rhetoric and ... | {"main_purpose_education_period": {"value": "training of future clergy", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[41, 66]]}, "along_rhetoric_logic_constituted": {"value": "grammar", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[213, 220]]}, "about_percentage_european_men": {"value": "ten", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spa... | 5 |
squad2-train-57094dde9928a81400471514 | squad2 | converted | false | In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintai... | null | {"houston_ranked_3rd_category": {"name": "houston_ranked_3rd_category", "type": "text", "instructions": "Houston ranked 3rd in which category by Forbes magazine in 2006?", "options": {}}, "offices_have_established_houston": {"name": "offices_have_established_houston", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many offices h... | {"houston_ranked_3rd_category": {"value": "Best Places for Business and Careers", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[107, 143]]}, "offices_have_established_houston": {"value": "92", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[202, 204]]}, "foreign_governments_maintain_trade": {"value": "Forty", "source": "span", "al... | 12 |
squad2-train-572f425b04bcaa1900d767e9 | squad2 | converted | false | For instance, a phased array consists of two or more simple antennas which are connected together through an electrical network. This often involves a number of parallel dipole antennas with a certain spacing. Depending on the relative phase introduced by the network, the same combination of dipole antennas can operate... | null | {"antenna_would_make_up": {"name": "antenna_would_make_up", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many antenna would make up a phased array?", "options": {}}, "antennas_oriented_arranged_specific": {"name": "antennas_oriented_arranged_specific", "type": "text", "instructions": "How are antennas oriented when arranged wi... | {"antenna_would_make_up": {"value": "two or more", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[41, 52]]}, "antennas_oriented_arranged_specific": {"value": "parallel", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[161, 169]]}, "two_standard_antenna_types": {"value": "omnidirectional or weakly directional", "source": "span", "al... | 4 |
squad2-train-57262eb438643c19005ad2b1 | squad2 | converted | false | Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from basal eupelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae and incisors which are equal in size. The therapsid lineage leading to ... | null | {"dinosaur_group_therapsids_descend": {"name": "dinosaur_group_therapsids_descend", "type": "text", "instructions": "From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from?", "options": {}}, "around_time_therapsids_become": {"name": "around_time_therapsids_become", "type": "text", "instructions": "Around what time did T... | {"dinosaur_group_therapsids_descend": {"value": "pelycosaurs", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[26, 37]]}, "around_time_therapsids_become": {"value": "265 million years ago", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[67, 88]]}, "group_therapsids_end": {"value": "probainognathian cynodonts", "source": "span", "al... | 8 |
squad2-train-572988531d04691400779513 | squad2 | converted | false | Although the atomic structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure in a supercooled liquid, glass tends to behave as a solid below its glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instant... | null | {"atomically_glass_similar": {"name": "atomically_glass_similar", "type": "text", "instructions": "Atomically, glass is similar to what?", "options": {}}, "acts_like_liquid_but": {"name": "acts_like_liquid_but", "type": "text", "instructions": "What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?", "options":... | {"atomically_glass_similar": {"value": "a supercooled liquid", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[82, 102]]}, "acts_like_liquid_but": {"value": "A supercooled liquid", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[177, 197]]}, "despite_atomic_structure_cooled": {"value": "a solid", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans... | 9 |
squad2-train-572f51f5a23a5019007fc535 | squad2 | converted | false | Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wh... | null | {"agriculture_almost_completely_dependent": {"name": "agriculture_almost_completely_dependent", "type": "text", "instructions": "On what is agriculture almost completely dependent?", "options": {}}, "family_plants_most_important": {"name": "family_plants_most_important", "type": "text", "instructions": "What family of ... | {"agriculture_almost_completely_dependent": {"value": "angiosperms", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[44, 55]]}, "family_plants_most_important": {"value": "Poaceae", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[195, 202]]}, "more_common_name_fabaceae": {"value": "legume", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[39... | 10 |
squad2-train-5706653e75f01819005e7b9a | squad2 | converted | false | Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression. Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others. | null | {"significant_alternative_mp3": {"name": "significant_alternative_mp3", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is a significant alternative to MP3?", "options": {}}, "can_lossless_formats_provide": {"name": "can_lossless_formats_provide", "type": "text", "instructions": "What can lossless formats provide?", "options": {... | {"significant_alternative_mp3": {"value": "lossless formats", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[35, 51]]}, "can_lossless_formats_provide": {"value": "unaltered audio content", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[110, 133]]}, "downside_using_lossless_format": {"value": "increased file size", "source": "span"... | 5 |
squad2-train-570b2f83ec8fbc190045b8cc | squad2 | converted | false | While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011. Edge magazine reported in August 2011 that initially lackluster and subsequently falling s... | null | {"original_xbox_fare_japan": {"name": "original_xbox_fare_japan", "type": "text", "instructions": "How did the original Xbox fare in Japan in general?", "options": {}}, "original_xboxes_sold_japan": {"name": "original_xboxes_sold_japan", "type": "text", "instructions": "How many original Xboxes were sold in Japan betwe... | {"original_xbox_fare_japan": {"value": "sold poorly", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[24, 35]]}, "original_xboxes_sold_japan": {"value": "2 million units", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[59, 74]]}, "between_2005_2011_360": {"value": "1.5 million units", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[193, 2... | 10 |
squad2-train-57069b2452bb891400689abc | squad2 | converted | false | In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5, and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, newer Italo disco, B-Boy hip hop music by Man Parrish,... | null | {"chicago_radio_jocks_played": {"name": "chicago_radio_jocks_played", "type": "text", "instructions": "who were the chicago radio jocks that played dance music in the early 1980s?", "options": {}}, "style_music_man_parrish": {"name": "style_music_man_parrish", "type": "text", "instructions": "what style of music did ma... | {"chicago_radio_jocks_played": {"value": "The Hot Mix 5", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[40, 53]]}, "style_music_man_parrish": {"value": "B-Boy hip hop music", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[285, 304]]}, "style_music_afrika_bambaataa": {"value": "electro funk", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans":... | 10 |
squad2-train-56cd4a5162d2951400fa6516 | squad2 | converted | false | According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, comm... | null | {"name_tibetologist": {"name": "name_tibetologist", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the name of the Tibetologist?", "options": {}}, "ming_emperors_send_invitations": {"name": "ming_emperors_send_invitations", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?", "options": {}}, "la... | {"name_tibetologist": {"value": "John Powers", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[26, 37]]}, "ming_emperors_send_invitations": {"value": "ruling lamas", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[416, 428]]}, "lamas_received_invite_emperors": {"value": "subordinates", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[449, 4... | 3 |
squad2-train-572cb5de750c471900ed4ce0 | squad2 | converted | false | Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938), there is no general federal common law. Although federal courts can create federal common law in the form of case law, such law must be linked one way or another to the interpretation of a particular federal constitutional provision, statute, or regulation (wh... | null | {"states_there_no_general": {"name": "states_there_no_general", "type": "text", "instructions": "What states that there is no general federal common law?", "options": {}}, "doctrine_erie_railroad_co": {"name": "doctrine_erie_railroad_co", "type": "text", "instructions": "When was the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. To... | {"states_there_no_general": {"value": "the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[6, 51]]}, "doctrine_erie_railroad_co": {"value": "1938", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[53, 57]]}, "can_t_federal_courts": {"value": "lack the plenary power possessed by state courts... | 9 |
squad2-train-5728ebb7ff5b5019007da950 | squad2 | converted | false | In the next century which is the beginning of the Classical period, it was considered that beauty in visible things as in everything else, consisted of symmetry and proportions. The artists tried also to represent motion in a specific moment (Myron), which may be considered as the reappearance of the dormant Minoan ele... | null | {"wrote_beauty_consists_proportion": {"name": "wrote_beauty_consists_proportion", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements?", "options": {}}, "type_art_god_hold": {"name": "type_art_god_hold", "type": "text", "instructions": "In what type of art does the god ... | {"wrote_beauty_consists_proportion": {"value": "Polykleitos", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[537, 548]]}, "type_art_god_hold": {"value": "Apollo Citharoedus statue type", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[861, 891]]}, "type_art_modeled_after": {"value": "neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st ... | 3 |
squad2-train-56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37322 | squad2 | converted | false | Since the late 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as... | null | {"shared_most_treaties_since": {"name": "shared_most_treaties_since", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is shared by most treaties since the late 19th century?", "options": {}}, "beginning_typical_treaty_called": {"name": "beginning_typical_treaty_called", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the beginning of a... | {"shared_most_treaties_since": {"value": "a fairly consistent format", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[57, 83]]}, "beginning_typical_treaty_called": {"value": "a preamble", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[116, 126]]}, "long_sentences_modern_preamble": {"value": "readability", "source": "span", "alts":... | 5 |
squad2-train-56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e17339 | squad2 | converted | false | In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presiden... | null | {"year_tito_reelected_president": {"name": "year_tito_reelected_president", "type": "text", "instructions": "In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?", "options": {}}, "elected_tito_president_1971": {"name": "elected_tito_president_1971", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who elected T... | {"year_tito_reelected_president": {"value": "1971", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[3, 7]]}, "elected_tito_president_1971": {"value": "Federal Assembly", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[63, 79]]}, "sweeping_constitutional_amendments_tito": {"value": "20", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[156, ... | 5 |
squad2-train-5726eeeddd62a815002e9594 | squad2 | converted | false | Napoleon ended lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France. He was, however, considered a tyrant and usurper by his opponents. His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts... | null | {"put_stop_lack_law": {"name": "put_stop_lack_law", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who put a stop to the lack of law and presence of disorder in post-Revolutionary France?", "options": {}}, "napoleon_s_decision_reinstate": {"name": "napoleon_s_decision_reinstate", "type": "text", "instructions": "Napoleon's decision ... | {"put_stop_lack_law": {"value": "Napoleon", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[0, 8]]}, "napoleon_s_decision_reinstate": {"value": "slavery", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[444, 451]]}, "considered_napoleon_tyrant_usurper": {"value": "his opponents", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[122, 135]]},... | 5 |
squad2-train-57099a75200fba14003681c9 | squad2 | converted | false | Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago. Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and complex as earth... | null | {"long_ago_some_paleontologists": {"name": "long_ago_some_paleontologists", "type": "text", "instructions": "How long ago do some paleontologists believe that animals first appeared?", "options": {}}, "fossils_found_tonian_period": {"name": "fossils_found_tonian_period", "type": "text", "instructions": "Fossils found i... | {"long_ago_some_paleontologists": {"value": "1 billion years", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[114, 129]]}, "fossils_found_tonian_period": {"value": "triploblastic worms", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[228, 247]]}, "triploblastic_worms_comparable_size": {"value": "earthworms", "source": "span", "alt... | 5 |
squad2-train-56cde29b62d2951400fa6968 | squad2 | converted | false | The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse.... | null | {"power_plant_damaged": {"name": "power_plant_damaged", "type": "text", "instructions": "What power plant was damaged?", "options": {}}, "far_away_plant_located": {"name": "far_away_plant_located", "type": "text", "instructions": "How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?", "options": {}}, "troops_allocate... | {"power_plant_damaged": {"value": "Hydropower Plant", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[13, 29]]}, "far_away_plant_located": {"value": "20 km east", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[94, 104]]}, "troops_allocated_zipingpu": {"value": "2,000", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[327, 332]]}, "dams_dam... | 9 |
squad2-train-572fab18947a6a140053cb3a | squad2 | converted | false | Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Po... | null | {"genetic_make_bacteria": {"name": "genetic_make_bacteria", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is genetic make of bacteria?", "options": {}}, "dna_chromosome_bacteria_located": {"name": "dna_chromosome_bacteria_located", "type": "text", "instructions": "Where is DNA chromosome of bacteria located?", "options": {}}, ... | {"genetic_make_bacteria": {"value": "a single circular DNA chromosome", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[87, 119]]}, "dna_chromosome_bacteria_located": {"value": "in the cytoplasm", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[128, 144]]}, "nucleoid_look": {"value": "irregularly shaped body", "source": "span", "alt... | 5 |
squad2-train-572803c6ff5b5019007d9af4 | squad2 | converted | false | John XXIII was an advocate for human rights which included the unborn and the elderly. He wrote about human rights in his Pacem in terris. He wrote, "Man has the right to live. He has the right to bodily integrity and to the means necessary for the proper development of life, particularly food, clothing, shelter, medic... | null | {"john_xxiii_advocate": {"name": "john_xxiii_advocate", "type": "text", "instructions": "John XXIII was an advocate for what?", "options": {}}, "he_write_about_human": {"name": "he_write_about_human", "type": "text", "instructions": "What did he write about human rights in?", "options": {}}, "his_advocacy_human_rights"... | {"john_xxiii_advocate": {"value": "human rights", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[31, 43]]}, "he_write_about_human": {"value": "his Pacem in terris", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[118, 137]]}, "his_advocacy_human_rights": {"value": "the unborn and the elderly", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans":... | 8 |
squad2-train-56df163f3277331400b4d975 | squad2 | converted | false | In 1966, CBS reorganized its corporate structure with Leiberson promoted to head the new "CBS-Columbia Group" which made the now renamed CBS Records company a separate unit of this new group run by Clive Davis. | null | {"ran_cbs_columbia_group": {"name": "ran_cbs_columbia_group", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who ran CBS-Columbia Group starting in 1966?", "options": {}}, "1966_abc_reorganized": {"name": "1966_abc_reorganized", "type": "text", "instructions": "In 1966, ABC reorganized what?", "options": {}}, "leiberson_promoted_sec... | {"ran_cbs_columbia_group": {"value": "Leiberson", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[54, 63]]}, "1966_abc_reorganized": {"value": null, "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": []}, "leiberson_promoted_secretary_group": {"value": null, "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": []}, "new_abc_columbia_group": {"value": ... | 5 |
squad2-train-5728b988ff5b5019007da576 | squad2 | converted | false | Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands simi... | null | {"got_his_start_his": {"name": "got_his_start_his", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who got his start with his father's mandolin?", "options": {}}, "most_popular_blue_music": {"name": "most_popular_blue_music", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?", "options": {}}, "other_in... | {"got_his_start_his": {"value": "Howard Armstrong,", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[198, 215]]}, "most_popular_blue_music": {"value": "Ry Cooder", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[60, 69]]}, "other_instrument_tennessee_string": {"value": "ukulele in there and a bass fiddle", "source": "span", "alts": ... | 7 |
squad2-train-5727acde3acd2414000de95d | squad2 | converted | false | "Alsatia", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of "a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketplace, "protected by an... | null | {"meaning_name_aslatia_english": {"name": "meaning_name_aslatia_english", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English?", "options": {}}, "meaning_term_used_aslace": {"name": "meaning_term_used_aslace", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the meaning or term used for Aslace ... | {"meaning_name_aslatia_english": {"value": "a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[119, 169]]}, "meaning_term_used_aslace": {"value": "ramshackle marketplace", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[280, 302]]}, "nationalities_still_refer_alslace": {"value": "E... | 8 |
squad2-train-5730ef4105b4da19006bcc60 | squad2 | converted | false | It seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropolitan church of Lyon for instit... | null | {"began_query_position_conception": {"name": "began_query_position_conception", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who began to query the position of the conception of Mary following the 11th century ?", "options": {}}, "query_starter_lay_blame": {"name": "query_starter_lay_blame", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who di... | {"began_query_position_conception": {"value": "St Bernard of Clairvaux", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[22, 45]]}, "query_starter_lay_blame": {"value": "St Bernard blames the canons of the metropolitan church of Lyon for instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See.", "source": "span", "... | 10 |
squad2-train-5730f13e497a881900248a7b | squad2 | converted | false | The celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she first contracted it and then was d... | null | {"monk_minor_believe_true": {"name": "monk_minor_believe_true", "type": "text", "instructions": "What did the the monk of minor believe to be true of Mary ?", "options": {}}, "point_his_argument_attempt": {"name": "point_his_argument_attempt", "type": "text", "instructions": "What point did his argument attempt to brin... | {"monk_minor_believe_true": {"value": "that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[106, 202]]}, "point_his_argument_attempt": {"value": "to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she firs... | 9 |
squad2-train-56de50ed4396321400ee27e3 | squad2 | converted | false | The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50... | null | {"most_common_group_languages": {"name": "most_common_group_languages", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the most common group of languages spoken in Mediterranean Europe?", "options": {}}, "three_main_areas_southern": {"name": "three_main_areas_southern", "type": "text", "instructions": "What are the three mai... | {"most_common_group_languages": {"value": "Romance languages", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[70, 87]]}, "three_main_areas_southern": {"value": "Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[339, 373]]}, "can_people_speak_catalan": {"value": "eastern Spain", "source": "span", "... | 10 |
squad2-train-572674a4f1498d1400e8e02e | squad2 | converted | false | Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255... | null | {"approximate_area_southeast_asia": {"name": "approximate_area_southeast_asia", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is the approximate area of Southeast Asia?", "options": {}}, "among_southeast_asian_countries": {"name": "among_southeast_asian_countries", "type": "text", "instructions": "Among the Southeast Asian cou... | {"approximate_area_southeast_asia": {"value": "4,000,000 km2", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[44, 57]]}, "among_southeast_asian_countries": {"value": "Indonesia", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[273, 282]]}, "island_southeast_asia_densely": {"value": "Java", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[2... | 8 |
squad2-train-5729a26f3f37b3190047852b | squad2 | converted | false | Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles ... | null | {"insects_play_prominent_roles": {"name": "insects_play_prominent_roles", "type": "text", "instructions": "Insects play prominent roles in what?", "options": {}}, "common_insect_used_research": {"name": "common_insect_used_research", "type": "text", "instructions": "What is a common insect used for research purposes?",... | {"insects_play_prominent_roles": {"value": "biological research", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[32, 51]]}, "common_insect_used_research": {"value": "fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[146, 179]]}, "drosophila_has_helped_develop": {"value": "genetic", "source": "span"... | 5 |
squad2-train-5731eaed0fdd8d15006c6663 | squad2 | converted | false | Egypt has hosted several international competitions. the last one was 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup which took place between 24 September - 16 October 2009. On Friday 19 September of the year 2014, Guinness World Records has announced that Egyptian scuba diver Ahmed Gabr is the new title holder for deepest salt water scuba ... | null | {"last_international_competition_egypt": {"name": "last_international_competition_egypt", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?", "options": {}}, "holds_guiness_record_deepest": {"name": "holds_guiness_record_deepest", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who holds Guine... | {"last_international_competition_egypt": {"value": "2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[70, 94]]}, "holds_guiness_record_deepest": {"value": "Ahmed Gabr", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[256, 266]]}, "deep_gabr_dive": {"value": "1,066 feet down", "source": "span", "alts": [], "s... | 4 |
squad2-train-56ccf96562d2951400fa6506 | squad2 | converted | false | The official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China is that the Ming implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs, granting titles and setting up administrative organs over Tibet. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic states t... | null | {"abolished_policy_council": {"name": "abolished_policy_council", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who abolished the policy council?", "options": {}}, "tibetan_leader_choskunskyabs_appointed": {"name": "tibetan_leader_choskunskyabs_appointed", "type": "text", "instructions": "What was the Tibetan leader Choskunskyabs ... | {"abolished_policy_council": {"value": "the Ming", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[99, 107]]}, "tibetan_leader_choskunskyabs_appointed": {"value": "the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[798, 854]]}, "governed_most_areas_tibet": {"value": "Ming dynas... | 3 |
squad2-train-56def231c65bf219000b3e4c | squad2 | converted | false | A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Churc... | null | {"entire_group_cardinals_known": {"name": "entire_group_cardinals_known", "type": "text", "instructions": "The entire group of cardinals is known as what?", "options": {}}, "junior_ecclesiastical_leader_holy": {"name": "junior_ecclesiastical_leader_holy", "type": "text", "instructions": "Who is a junior ecclesiastical ... | {"entire_group_cardinals_known": {"value": "College of Cardinals", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[352, 372]]}, "junior_ecclesiastical_leader_holy": {"value": null, "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": []}, "cardinals_church_not_collectively": {"value": null, "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": []}, "duti... | 6 |
squad2-train-571a6faf10f8ca1400305025 | squad2 | converted | false | Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportunities for Jewish merchants to settle again north of the Alps. Charlemagne granted the Jews freedoms similar to those once enjoyed under the Roma... | null | {"charlemagne_s_expansion_frankish": {"name": "charlemagne_s_expansion_frankish", "type": "text", "instructions": "Did Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire bring about a brief period of upheaval or stability in Francia?", "options": {}}, "charlemagne_s_expansion_frankish_2": {"name": "charlemagne_s_expansion_... | {"charlemagne_s_expansion_frankish": {"value": "a brief period of stability", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[105, 132]]}, "charlemagne_s_expansion_frankish_2": {"value": "north of the Alps", "source": "span", "alts": [], "spans": [[219, 236]]}, "charlemagne_granted_jews_freedoms": {"value": "Roman Empire", "s... | 5 |
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