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Decision maker Combinatorial vs. positional Decision_tool > Cognitive styles > Combinatorial vs. positional The combinational style is characterized by: a very narrow, clearly defined, primarily material goal; and a program that links the initial position with the outcome.In defining the combinational style in chess, K... |
Histogram equalization Of color images Histogram_equalization > Of color images The above describes histogram equalization on a grayscale image. However it can also be used on color images by applying the same method separately to the Red, Green and Blue components of the RGB color values of the image. However, applyin... |
Sensory neuropathy Polyneuropathy Mononeuritis_multiplex > Classification > Polyneuropathy "Polyneuropathy" is a pattern of nerve damage that is quite different from mononeuropathy, often more serious and affecting more areas of the body. The term "peripheral neuropathy" sometimes is used loosely to refer to polyneurop... |
Molecular oncology Combining CAR-T with Checkpoint Inhibitors, Cytokines Molecular_oncology > Molecular Oncolytic Therapies > Immunotherapy > Combining CAR-T with Checkpoint Inhibitors, Cytokines The signal pathways of these cytokines can be used to enhance CAR-T anti-tumor characteristics. For example, Interleukin 2 (... |
Offset strategy Summary Offset_strategy An offset is some means of asymmetrically compensating for a disadvantage, particularly in a military competition. Rather than match an opponent in an unfavorable competition, changing the competition to more favorable footing enables the application of strengths to a problem tha... |
Meconium aspiration syndrome Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension Meconium_aspiration_syndrome > Pathophysiology > Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is the failure of the foetal circulation to adapt to extra-uterine conditions after birth. PPHN is associated with various respirator... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Bronchodilators Chronic_obstructive_lung_disease > Management > Bronchodilators They are also associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Aclidinium, another long-acting agent, reduces hospitalizations associated with COPD and improves quality of life. The LAMA umec... |
Algebraic RPL FOR/NEXT System_RPL > Control blocks > Looping statements > FOR/NEXT RPL provides a FOR/NEXT statement for looping from one index to another. The index for the loop is stored in a temporary local variable that can be accessed in the loop. The syntax of the FOR/NEXT block is: index_from index_to FOR variab... |
Port address translation Examples of NAT software Network_address_translator > Examples of NAT software Internet Connection Sharing (ICS): NAT & DHCP implementation included with Windows desktop operating systems IPFilter: included with (Open)Solaris, FreeBSD and NetBSD, available for many other Unix-like operating sys... |
Therapeutic protein Produced by recombinant DNA Live_biotherapeutic_product > Major classes > Produced by recombinant DNA Monoclonal antibodies. These are similar to the antibodies that the human immune system uses to fight off bacteria and viruses, but they are "custom-designed" (using hybridoma technology or other me... |
Chronic heart failure Signs and symptoms Right_heart_failure > Signs and symptoms Congestive heart failure is a pathophysiological condition in which the heart's output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body and lungs. The term "congestive heart failure" is often used because one of the most common symptoms is c... |
Glossary of set theory !$@ Glossary_of_set_theory > !$@ ∈, =, ⊆, ⊇, ⊃, ⊂, ∪, ∩, ∅ Standard set theory symbols with their usual meanings (is a member of, equals, is a subset of, is a superset of, is a proper superset of, is a proper subset of, union, intersection, empty set) ∧ ∨ → ↔ ¬ ∀ ∃ Standard logical symbols with t... |
Grown-junction transistor Summary Grown-junction_transistor Each bar is made into a transistor by soldering its N-type ends to supporting and conducting leads, then welding a very fine gold lead to the central P-type layer, and finally encasing in a hermetically sealed can. A similar process, using the opposite dopants... |
Logic of graphs Seese's theorem Logic_of_graphs > Second order > Seese's theorem As a partial converse, Seese (1991) proved that, whenever a family of graphs has a decidable MSO2 satisfiability problem, the family must have bounded treewidth. The proof is based on a theorem of Robertson and Seymour that the families of... |
Arrhenius acid Acid–alkali reaction Acid-base_reaction > Acid–alkali reaction In general, acid–alkali reactions can be simplified to OH−(aq) + H+(aq) → H2Oby omitting spectator ions. Acids are in general pure substances that contain hydrogen cations (H+) or cause them to be produced in solutions. Hydrochloric acid (HCl... |
Specific relative angular momentum Proof Specific_angular_momentum > Proof of constancy in the two body case > Proof The proof starts with the two body equation of motion, derived from Newton's law of universal gravitation: where: r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } is the position vector from m 1 {\displaystyle m_{1}} to m... |
Pure tensor Algebraic notation Glossary_of_tensor_theory > Algebraic notation This avoids the initial use of components, and is distinguished by the explicit use of the tensor product symbol. Tensor product If v and w are vectors in vector spaces V and W respectively, then v ⊗ w {\displaystyle v\otimes w} is a tensor i... |
Ursula Franklin Holistic and prescriptive technologies Ursula_Franklin > Technological society > Holistic and prescriptive technologies "Now workers can be timed," Franklin writes, "assignments can be broken up, and the interaction between the operators can be monitored." Franklin extends the distinction between work a... |
Top level domain Summary Top_level_domain A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of... |
Axiom of non-choice Category theory Axiom_of_non-choice > Discussion > Category theory Arrow-theoretic variants of unique choice can fail, for example, in locally Cartesian closed categories with good finite limit and limit properties but with only a weakened notion of a subobject classifier. |
Spread of diseases Horizontal transmission Community_transmission > Beneficial microorganisms > Horizontal transmission Some beneficial symbionts are acquired horizontally, from the environment or unrelated individuals. This requires that host and symbiont have some method of recognizing each other or each other's prod... |
List of uncertainty propagation software Software List_of_uncertainty_propagation_software > Software QMSys GUM is a potent commercial tool for measurement uncertainty analysis including Monte Carlo simulation for Windows (free restricted educational version available). Risk Calc supports probability bounds analysis, s... |
Data Stream Management System Optimization of queries Data_Stream_Management_System > Query processing > Optimization of queries The logical query plan can be optimized, which strongly depends on the streaming model. The basic concepts for optimizing continuous queries are equal to those from database systems. If there... |
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy Description of the surgery Pulmonary_thromboendarterectomy > Description of the surgery Actual removal of the embolus is carried out in a standstill operation (deep hypothermia and periods of cessation of circulation).There are a number of reasons why these high-risk elements of the proc... |
Anomalous diffusion Hyper-ballistic diffusion Anomalous_diffusion > Hyper-ballistic diffusion One important class of anomalous diffusion refers to the case when the scaling exponent of the MSD increases with value greater than 2. Such case is called hyper-ballistic diffusion and it has been observed in optical systems. |
Frenkel–Kontorova model History Frenkel–Kontorova_model > History Dislocations, also called solitons, are distributed non-local defects and mathematically are a type of topological defect. The defining characteristic of solitons/dislocations is that they behave much like stable particles, they can move while maintainin... |
Materials informatics Analogy from Biology Materials_informatics > Analogy from Biology The overarching goals of bioinformatics and systems biology may provide a useful analogy. Andrew Murray of Harvard University expresses the hope that such an approach "will save us from the era of "one graduate student, one gene, on... |
Le Chatelier's principle Effect of change in pressure Le_Chatelier's_principle > Chemistry > Effect of change in pressure The equilibrium concentrations of the products and reactants do not directly depend on the total pressure of the system. They may depend on the partial pressure of the products and reactants, but if... |
Copper in biology Homeostasis Copper_in_biology > Essentiality > Homeostasis Both of these conditions, deficiency and excess, can lead to tissue injury and disease. However, due to homeostatic regulation, the human body is capable of balancing a wide range of copper intakes for the needs of healthy individuals.Many asp... |
Random walker algorithm Circuit theory interpretations Random_walker_algorithm > Algorithm interpretations > Circuit theory interpretations There are well-known connections between electrical circuit theory and random walks on graphs. Consequently, the random walker algorithm has two different interpretations in terms ... |
Inclusive classroom Prior to inclusion Inclusive_classroom > History of inclusion > Prior to inclusion As a result, special education was expanded into public schools. After a successful court case in Pennsylvania, the state law was changed to acknowledge that it had the obligation to provide a free, appropriate educat... |
Noise-equivalent bandwidth Processing gain and losses Spectral_leakage > Spectral analysis > Choice of window function > Processing gain and losses In signal processing, operations are chosen to improve some aspect of quality of a signal by exploiting the differences between the signal and the corrupting influences. Wh... |
Zeta function regularization Relation to other regularizations Zeta_regularization > Relation to other regularizations Zeta function regularization is equivalent to dimensional regularization, see. However, the main advantage of the zeta regularization is that it can be used whenever the dimensional regularization fail... |
Applied Chemistry Chemical laws Chemical_Science > Modern principles > Chemical laws Chemical reactions are governed by certain laws, which have become fundamental concepts in chemistry. Some of them are: |
COVID-19 pandemic Cause COVID-19_pandemic > Disease > Cause SARS‑CoV‑2 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as coronaviruses. It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus, with a single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and av... |
Primitive Pythagorean triple Generating a triple Pythagorean_triples > Generating a triple Since every Pythagorean triple can be divided through by some integer k to obtain a primitive triple, every triple can be generated uniquely by using the formula with m and n to generate its primitive counterpart and then multipl... |
Power system harmonics Current harmonics Power_system_harmonics > Current harmonics Semiconductor devices like transistors, IGBTs, MOSFETS, diodes etc are all non-linear loads. Further examples of non-linear loads include common office equipment such as computers and printers, fluorescent lighting, battery chargers and... |
Quantum complexity theory BQP Quantum_complexity_theory > BQP The class of problems that can be efficiently solved by a quantum computer with bounded error is called BQP ("bounded error, quantum, polynomial time"). More formally, BQP is the class of problems that can be solved by a polynomial-time quantum Turing machin... |
Sound effect Techniques Sound_effect > Techniques filtering – Equalization is a form of filtering. In the general sense, frequency ranges can be emphasized or attenuated using low-pass, high-pass, band-pass or band-stop filters. Band-pass filtering of voice can simulate the effect of a telephone because telephones use ... |
Spin angular momenta Rotations Spin_operator > Mathematical formulation > Rotations Note that for γ = 2π and α = β = 0; i.e., a full rotation about the z axis, the Wigner D-matrix elements become Recalling that a generic spin state can be written as a superposition of states with definite m, we see that if s is an inte... |
Radiation safety Particle radiation Radiation_shielding > Radiation protection > Particle radiation This is to reduce generation of Bremsstrahlung X-rays. In the case of beta+ radiation (positrons), the gamma radiation from the electron–positron annihilation reaction poses additional concern. Neutron radiation is not a... |
Stair lift AC and DC power Stair_lift > AC and DC power Early stair lifts mostly had alternating current (AC) drive motors which ran at full mains voltage (around 115 volts in North America, 230 volts in Europe). An "energy chain" ran alongside or through the rail to carry the power cable from the supply point to the c... |
Decibel Representation of multiplication operations 20_log_rule > Properties > Representation of multiplication operations Level values in decibels can be added instead of multiplying the underlying power values, which means that the overall gain of a multi-component system, such as a series of amplifier stages, can be... |
Covariance and contravariance (computer science) Interfaces Covariance_and_contravariance_(computer_science) > Generic types > Declaration-site variance annotations > Interfaces That is, a parameter that was declared covariant must not occur in any contravariant positions (where a position is contravariant if it occurs... |
Transparent ceramics Night vision Transparent_alumina > Night vision Thermal imaging cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation, called thermograms. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects ne... |
TLS False Start Description TLS_1.2 > Description It serves encryption to higher layers, which is normally the function of the presentation layer. However, applications generally use TLS as if it were a transport layer, even though applications using TLS must actively control initiating TLS handshakes and handling of e... |
Youth ministry Catholicism Youth_ministry > Christianity > Catholicism Catholic youth work covers a worldwide range of activities carried out with young people, usually in the name of the Catholic Church and with the intention of imparting the Catholic faith to them and inviting them to practice and live out the faith ... |
Critical band Auditory filters Critical_band > Auditory filters Filters are used in many aspects of audiology and psychoacoustics including the peripheral auditory system. A filter is a device that boosts certain frequencies and attenuates others. In particular, a band-pass filter allows a range of frequencies within t... |
Applications of quantum mechanics Electronics Applications_of_quantum_mechanics > Electronics Some negative differential resistance devices also utilize the quantum tunneling effect, such as resonant tunneling diodes. Unlike classical diodes, its current is carried by resonant tunneling through two or more potential ba... |
Telomerase reverse transcriptase Aging Telomerase_reverse_transcriptase > Medical implications > Aging As organisms age and cells proliferate, telomeres shorten with each round of replication. Cells restricted to a specific lineage are capable of division only a set number of times, set by the length of telomeres, befo... |
Pitzer strain Bicyclic systems Strain_(chemistry) > Kinds of strain > Ring strain > Bicyclic systems The amount of strain energy in bicyclic systems is commonly the sum of the strain energy in each individual ring. This isn't always the case, as sometimes the fusion of rings induces some extra strain. |
IBM MQ Transmitting data to a queue on another queue manager IBM_MQ > Communication > Transmitting data to a queue on another queue manager On receiving a message, the receiving queue manager examines the message to determine whether the message is for itself or if must go to another queue manager. If the receiving que... |
Mirror-symmetry breaking Deterministic theories Mirror-symmetry_breaking > Origins > Symmetry breaking > Deterministic theories Deterministic mechanisms for the production of non-racemic mixtures from racemic starting materials include: asymmetric physical laws, such as the electroweak interaction (via cosmic rays) or ... |
Built environment Environmental Built_environment > Impact > Environmental The built environment has a multitude of impacts on the planet, some of the most prominent effects are greenhouse gas emissions and Urban Heat Island Effect. The built environment expands along with factors like population and consumption which ... |
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor Summary Triple_reuptake_inhibitor A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrin... |
Physical force Units Force_vector > Units The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug (sometimes mug or hyl) is that mass that accelerates at 1 m·s−2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf. The kilogram-force is not a part of the modern SI system, and is generally deprecated, som... |
Period 2 element Carbon Period_2_elements > Periodic trends > Carbon There is also amorphous carbon, which is carbon without any crystalline structure. In mineralogy, the term is used to refer to soot and coal, although these are not truly amorphous as they contain small amounts of graphite or diamond. Carbon's most co... |
Beta Pictoris Falling evaporating bodies Beta_Pictoris > Circumstellar environment > Falling evaporating bodies These objects may have been perturbed onto their star-grazing orbits by the gravitational influence of a planet in a mildly eccentric orbit around Beta Pictoris at a distance of roughly 10 AU from the star. F... |
Synchronizing word Length Synchronizing_word > Length For n-state DFAs over a k-letter input alphabet, an algorithm by David Eppstein finds a synchronizing word of length at most 11n3/48 + O(n2), and runs in time complexity O(n3+kn2). This algorithm does not always find the shortest possible synchronizing word for a gi... |
Vibratory fluidized bed Baghouse Vibratory_fluidized_bed > Production of waste stream > Baghouse A baghouse is an air pollution control device designed to filtrate out particles from air or another gas by using engineered fabric filter tubes. Different baghouse cleaning methods can applied to different applications. Th... |
Mass index Summary Mass_index According to Dorsey, a so-called "reversal bulge" is a probable signal of trend reversal (regardless of the trend's direction). Such a bulge takes place when a 25-day mass index reaches 27.0 and then falls to below 26 (or 26.5). A 9-day prime moving average is usually used to determine whe... |
Profiling (computer programming) Instrumentation Software_performance_analysis > Data granularity in profiler types > Instrumentation Runtime instrumentation: Directly before execution the code is instrumented. The program run is fully supervised and controlled by the tool. Runtime injection: More lightweight than runt... |
Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filter Extensions Kolmogorov–Zurbenko_filter > Extensions Because of this, KZFT provides a unique opportunity for various applications. A computer algorithm to implement the KZFT has been provided in the R software. The KZFT is essentially a band pass filter that belongs to the category of short-tim... |
Adjuvant radiation therapy Controversy Adjuvant_chemotherapy > Adjuvant cancer therapy > Controversy A motif found throughout the history of cancer therapy is the tendency for overtreatment. From the time of its inception, the use of adjuvant therapy has received scrutiny for its adverse effects on the quality of life ... |
Pulse-Doppler signal processing Filtering Pulse-Doppler_signal_processing > Filtering The outcome is that each ambiguous range will produce a separate spectrum corresponding with all of the Doppler frequencies at that range. The digital filter produces as many frequency outputs as the number of transmit pulses used for... |
Phosphodiester backbone Summary DNA_strand Both strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information. This information is replicated when the two strands separate. |
Caenorhabditis elegans Size and gene content Caenorhabditis_elegans > Genetics > Genome > Size and gene content C. elegans and other nematodes are among the few eukaryotes currently known to have operons; these include trypanosomes, flatworms (notably the trematode Schistosoma mansoni), and a primitive chordate tunicat... |
Eddy diffusion Summary Eddy_diffusion In most macroscopic flows in nature, eddy diffusion is several orders of magnitude stronger than molecular diffusion. This sometimes leads to the latter being neglected when studying turbulent flows. |
Mean absolute deviation Estimation Maximum_absolute_deviation > Estimation The mean absolute deviation of a sample is a biased estimator of the mean absolute deviation of the population. In order for the absolute deviation to be an unbiased estimator, the expected value (average) of all the sample absolute deviations m... |
Structural engineering theory Newton's laws of motion Structural_engineering_theory > Newton's laws of motion With these laws it is possible to understand the forces on a structure and how that structure will resist them. The Third Law requires that for a structure to be stable all the internal and external forces must... |
Heat source Macroscopic view Heat_energy > Heat transfer > Macroscopic view According to Born, the transfer of internal energy between open systems that accompanies transfer of matter "cannot be reduced to mechanics". It follows that there is no well-founded definition of quantities of energy transferred as heat or as ... |
Introsort Implementations Introsort > Implementations Kutenin (2022) provides an overview for some changes made by LLVM, with a focus on the 2022 fix for quadraticness.The Microsoft .NET Framework Class Library, starting from version 4.5 (2012), uses introsort instead of simple quicksort.Go uses a modification of intro... |
Critical exponent Theoretical predictions Critical_exponents > Theoretical predictions Critical exponents can be evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations of lattice models. The accuracy of this first principle method depends on the available computational resources, which determine the ability to go to the infinite volume... |
History of aerodynamics Faster than sound – later 20th century History_of_aerodynamics > Faster than sound – later 20th century With some exceptions, the knowledge of hypersonic aerodynamics has matured between the 1960s and the present decade. Therefore, the goals of an aerodynamicist have shifted from understanding t... |
List of model organisms Summary List_of_model_organisms This is a list of model organisms used in scientific research. |
Abnormal Psychology DSM-5 Abnormal_Psychology > Classification > DSM-5 These elements include: Symptoms that involve disturbances in behavior, thoughts, or emotions. Symptoms associated with personal distress or impairment. Symptoms that stem from internal dysfunctions (i.e. specifically having biological and/or psycho... |
IP access controller Summary IP_access_controller An IP access controller is an electronic security device designed to identify users and control entry to or exit from protected areas using Internet Protocol-based technology. A typical IP access controller supports 2 or 4 basic access control readers. IP access control... |
Electric heating Circulation heaters Electric_radiator > Liquid heating > Circulation heaters Circulation heaters or "direct electric heat exchangers" (DEHE) use heating elements inserted into a "shell side" medium directly to provide the heating effect. All of the heat generated by the electric circulation heater is t... |
Slope Stability Probability Classification Rockfall simulators Slope_stability_analysis > Rockfall simulators Rock slope stability analysis may design protective measures near or around structures endangered by the falling blocks. Rockfall simulators determine travel paths and trajectories of unstable blocks separated ... |
Telophase Summary Telophase Telophase accounts for approximately 2% of the cell cycle's duration. Cytokinesis typically begins before late telophase and, when complete, segregates the two daughter nuclei between a pair of separate daughter cells. Telophase is primarily driven by the dephosphorylation of mitotic cyclin-... |
Photosynthesis Calvin cycle Oxygenic_photosynthesis > Light-independent reactions > Calvin cycle The fixation or reduction of carbon dioxide is a process in which carbon dioxide combines with a five-carbon sugar, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, to yield two molecules of a three-carbon compound, glycerate 3-phosphate, also k... |
Laplace's equation Green's function Laplace's_equation > In three dimensions > Green's function A Green's function is a fundamental solution that also satisfies a suitable condition on the boundary S of a volume V. For instance, may satisfy Now if u is any solution of the Poisson equation in V: and u assumes the bounda... |
C++ syntax Templates ANSI_C++ > Language > Templates Templates are aware of the semantics and type system of their companion language, as well as all compile-time type definitions, and can perform high-level operations including programmatic flow control based on evaluation of strictly type-checked parameters. Macros a... |
Magnetoencephalography The basis of the MEG signal Magnetoencephalography > The basis of the MEG signal In accordance with Maxwell's equations, any electrical current will produce a magnetic field, and it is this field that is measured. The net currents can be thought of as current dipoles, i.e. currents with a positio... |
AppleScript Loops AppleScript > Language essentials > Language structures > Loops Repeat a given number of times. Conditional loops. The block inside repeat while loop executes as long as the condition evaluates to true. |
Quantum superpositions Quantum mechanics in imaginary time Quantum_linear_superposition > Theory > Quantum mechanics in imaginary time ρ n R n → m = ρ m R m → n {\displaystyle \rho _{n}R_{n\rightarrow m}=\rho _{m}R_{m\rightarrow n}\,} When the R matrix obeys detailed balance, the scale of the probabilities can be redef... |
Silicate glass Polymers Silicate_glass > Types > Non-silicate > Polymers Important polymer glasses include amorphous and glassy pharmaceutical compounds. These are useful because the solubility of the compound is greatly increased when it is amorphous compared to the same crystalline composition. Many emerging pharmace... |
Voltage-controlled filter Summary Voltage-controlled_filter Some musical VCFs offer a variable slope which determines the rate of attenuation outside the bandpass, often at 6 dB/octave, 12 dB/octave, 18 dB/octave or 24 dB/octave (one-, two-, three- and four-pole filters, respectively). In modular analog synthesizers, V... |
Wide column store Notable examples Wide-column_store > Notable examples Notable wide-column stores include: Apache Accumulo Apache Cassandra Apache HBase Bigtable DataStax Enterprise (uses Apache Cassandra) DataStax Astra DB (uses Apache Cassandra) Hypertable Azure Tables Scylla (database) == References == |
Practical Color Coordinate System Summary Practical_Color_Coordinate_System The Practical Color Coordinate System (PCCS) is a discrete color space indexed by hue and tone. It was developed by the Japan Color Research Institute. |
Stream Sockets Socket addresses Network_socket > Socket addresses An application can communicate with a remote process by exchanging data with TCP/IP by knowing the combination of protocol type, IP address, and port number. This combination is often known as a socket address. It is the network-facing access handle to t... |
Majorana fermion Summary Majorana_fermion With the exception of neutrinos, all of the Standard Model fermions are known to behave as Dirac fermions at low energy (lower than the electroweak symmetry breaking temperature), and none are Majorana fermions. The nature of neutrinos is not settled – they may turn out to be e... |
Photosynthesis C3 : C4 photosynthesis research Oxygenic_photosynthesis > Experimental history > C3 : C4 photosynthesis research This type of anatomy was termed Kranz anatomy in the 19th century by the botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt while studying leaf anatomy of sugarcane. Plant species with the greatest photosynthetic r... |
Adaptive mutation SOS response Directed_mutagenesis > Recent studies > SOS response This experiment is different from the others in one small way: this experiment is concerned with the pathways leading to an adaptive mutation while the others tested the changing environment microorganisms were exposed to. The SOS respo... |
Cellular Memory Modules Synthetic Memory Devices Cellular_Memory_Modules > Applications > Synthetic Memory Devices This information can carry into disease research because if an event response correlates with future cell behavior, this can give scientists a greater understanding of diseases resulting from cellular inhe... |
Simultaneously diagonalizable Simultaneous diagonalization Matrix_diagonalization > Simultaneous diagonalization A set of matrices is said to be simultaneously diagonalizable if there exists a single invertible matrix P {\displaystyle P} such that P − 1 A P {\displaystyle P^{-1}AP} is a diagonal matrix for every A {\di... |
Lp spaces Special cases Lp_space > Lp spaces and Lebesgue integrals > Special cases Similar to the ℓ p {\displaystyle \ell ^{p}} spaces, L 2 {\displaystyle L^{2}} is the only Hilbert space among L p {\displaystyle L^{p}} spaces. In the complex case, the inner product on L 2 {\displaystyle L^{2}} is defined by The addit... |
Chromosomal duplication Neofunctionalization Tandem_duplication > As an evolutionary event > Neofunctionalization Gene duplications are an essential source of genetic novelty that can lead to evolutionary innovation. Duplication creates genetic redundancy, where the second copy of the gene is often free from selective ... |
Eurytherm Thermal coping mechanisms Eurytherm > Thermal coping mechanisms Cutaneous eccrine sweat glands produce sweat, which is made up of mostly water with a small amount of ions. Evaporation of this sweat helps to cool the blood beneath the skin, resulting in a cooling of deep-body temperature. While some organisms ... |
Free energy principle Free energy minimisation and information theory Active_inference > Free energy minimisation > Free energy minimisation and information theory Free energy minimisation is equivalent to maximising the mutual information between sensory states and internal states that parameterise the variational den... |
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