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Experimental philosophy Problem of reproducibility Experimental_philosophy > Criticisms > Problem of reproducibility Since publication of Seyedsayamdost's papers, Stich and collaborators have reversed their research direction on this question. The reason for these problems in experimental philosophy is not entirely cle... |
DNS hijacking Technical background DNS_hijacking > Technical background One of the functions of a DNS server is to translate a domain name into an IP address that applications need to connect to an Internet resource such as a website. This functionality is defined in various formal internet standards that define the pr... |
Circular notation Permutations of totally ordered sets One-line_notation > Permutations of totally ordered sets In some applications, the elements of the set being permuted will be compared with each other. This requires that the set S has a total order so that any two elements can be compared. The set {1, 2, ..., n} i... |
Strain rate imaging Basic concepts Strain_rate_imaging > Basic concepts This method, however, yields the Eulerian strain rate and strain. It has become traditional to use the Velocity gradient, but in integrating strain rate it is converted to Lagrangian strain by the formula εL = eεE - 1.Strain in three dimensions: Ba... |
LogP machine Summary LogP_machine The LogP machine consists of arbitrarily many processing units with distributed memory. The processing units are connected through an abstract communication medium which allows point-to-point communication. This model is pair-wise synchronous and overall asynchronous. |
Biological inheritance Modern development of genetics and heredity Heredity > History > Modern development of genetics and heredity The role of genetic drift is equivocal; though strongly supported initially by Dobzhansky, it was downgraded later as results from ecological genetics were obtained. The primacy of populat... |
Variable data publishing Summary Variable_data_publishing The possibilities are vast. The variable-data tools available today, make it possible to perform variable-data composition at nearly every stage of document production. However, the level of control that can be achieved varies, based upon how far into the docume... |
Euler–Bernoulli beam equation History Beam_theory > History Prevailing consensus is that Galileo Galilei made the first attempts at developing a theory of beams, but recent studies argue that Leonardo da Vinci was the first to make the crucial observations. Da Vinci lacked Hooke's law and calculus to complete the theor... |
Bondi k-calculus The twins paradox Bondi_k-calculus > The twins paradox In Newtonian physics, the expectation would be that, at the final comparison, Alice's and Carol's clock would agree, t C = t A {\displaystyle t_{C}=t_{A}} . It will be shown below that in relativity this is not true. This is a version of the well-k... |
Revive & Restore Catalyst Science Fund Revive_&_Restore > Programs > Catalyst Science Fund The Catalyst Science Fund supports the development of new biotechnology tools for conservation. Launched in 2018 and now over $8 million, the Catalyst Science Fund targets early-stage bioscience research and proof-of-concept proj... |
Reaction Calorimeter Heat flow calorimetry Reaction_calorimeters > Heat flow calorimetry Heat flow calorimetry measures the heat flowing across the reactor wall and quantifying this in relation to the other energy flows within the reactor. Q = U A ( T r − T j ) {\displaystyle Q=UA(T_{r}-T_{j})} where Q {\displaystyle Q... |
BRST charge Gauge transformations in QFT BRST_quantization > Gauge transformations in QFT It has proven rather more difficult to prove the existence of non-Abelian quantum field theory in a rigorous sense than to obtain accurate predictions using semi-heuristic calculation schemes. This is because analyzing a quantum f... |
Negacyclic convolution Summary Negacyclic_convolution In mathematics, negacyclic convolution is a convolution between two vectors a and b. It is also called skew circular convolution or wrapped convolution. It results from multiplication of a skew circulant matrix, generated by vector a, with vector b. |
Naïve Bayes classifier Document classification Naive_Bayes_classifier > Examples > Document classification The actual probability p(S | D) can be easily computed from log (p(S | D) / p(¬S | D)) based on the observation that p(S | D) + p(¬S | D) = 1. Taking the logarithm of all these ratios, one obtains: ln p ( S ∣ D ... |
Biogeography-based optimization Summary Biogeography-based_optimization Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is an evolutionary algorithm (EA) that optimizes a function by stochastically and iteratively improving candidate solutions with regard to a given measure of quality, or fitness function. BBO belongs to the cla... |
Polygon graphics Geometric theory and polygons Polygonal_modeling > Geometric theory and polygons In Euclidean geometry, any three non-collinear points determine a plane. For this reason, triangles always inhabit a single plane. This is not necessarily true of more complex polygons, however. |
Free electron pair Different descriptions for multiple lone pairs Lone_electron_pair > Different descriptions for multiple lone pairs In elementary chemistry courses, the lone pairs of water are described as "rabbit ears": two equivalent electron pairs of approximately sp3 hybridization, while the HOH bond angle is 104... |
Industrial scale General and cited references Economies_of_scale > References > General and cited references Morroni, Mario (2006). Knowledge, Scale and Transactions in the Theory of the Firm. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
Antibiotic use in dentistry Common antibiotics used in Dentistry Antibiotic_use_in_dentistry > Common antibiotics used in Dentistry In the UK, it has effective use in dentistry as it is the primary drug prescribed for acute ulcerative gingivitis. It is also sometimes used either alongside penicillin or alone against de... |
Ballistic impact Summary Ballistic_impact Ballistic impact is a high velocity impact by a small mass object, analogous to runway debris or small arms fire. The simulation of ballistic impacts can be achieved with a light-gas gun or other ballistic launcher. It is important to study the response of materials to ballisti... |
Envelope proteins Summary Envelope_proteins TAM receptors, which are potential targets for therapy, are thereby activated by viruses to reduce type I IFN signaling. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The particular set of viral proteins are ... |
Mature protein Case examples Mature_protein > Case examples Cleavage and formation of disulfide bridges during the production of insulin PTM of histones as regulation of transcription: RNA polymerase control by chromatin structure PTM of RNA polymerase II as regulation of transcription Cleavage of polypeptide chains as... |
Level ancestor problem Stage 1: long-path decomposition Level_ancestor_problem > Ladder algorithm > Stage 1: long-path decomposition However, after this pre-processing stage, the queries cannot be answered quickly. In fact in order to answer a level ancestor query, the algorithm needs to jump from a path to another unt... |
Microwave power meter Thermal Microwave_power_meter > Sensor technologies > Thermal Thermocouple power sensors make up the majority of the thermal power sensors sold at present. They are generally reasonably linear and have a reasonably fast response time and dynamic range. The microwave power is absorbed in a load who... |
Right division Abstract algebra Division_(mathematics) > Division in different contexts > Abstract algebra A quasigroup is a structure in which division is always possible, even without an identity element and hence inverses. In an integral domain, where not every element need have an inverse, division by a cancellativ... |
Probability metric Generalized metrics Probability_metric > Distances as metrics > Generalized metrics Many statistical distances are not metrics, because they lack one or more properties of proper metrics. For example, pseudometrics violate property (2), identity of indiscernibles; quasimetrics violate property (3), s... |
Propositional satisfiability Summary Boolean_Satisfiability In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolea... |
Glossary of chemistry terms M Glossary_of_chemistry_terms > M molar mass Sometimes used interchangeably with molecular weight and formula weight. For a given chemical compound, the mass of a sample of that compound divided by the amount of compound in the sample, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). As a bulk p... |
Numerical solution of the convection–diffusion equation Finite element solution to convection–diffusion problem Numerical_solution_of_the_convection–diffusion_equation > Finite element solution to convection–diffusion problem The finite difference scheme has an equivalent in the finite element method (Galerkin method).... |
Ribosomal binding site Summary Ribosome_binding_site A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of translation. Mostly, RBS refers to bacterial sequen... |
Functional integral Summary Functional_integration For each function, the integrand returns a value to add up. Making this procedure rigorous poses challenges that continue to be topics of current research. |
Isotopes of oganesson Summary Isotopes_of_oganesson Oganesson (118Og) is a synthetic element created in particle accelerators, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all synthetic elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first and only isotope to be synthesized was 294Og in 2002 and 2005; it has a half... |
Galois/Counter Mode Mathematical basis Galois_Message_Authentication_Code > Mathematical basis GCM combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the new Galois mode of authentication. The key feature is the ease of parallel computation of the Galois field multiplication used for authentication. This feature p... |
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Book 2, part 2 of De motu corporum Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica > Contents > Book 2, part 2 of De motu corporum Newton compares the resistance offered by a medium against motions of globes with different properties (material, weight, size). In Section 8, he der... |
Database scalability Horizontal Database_scalability > Dimensions > Horizontal Horizontal database scaling involves adding more servers to work on a single workload. Most horizontally scalable systems come with functionality compromises. If an application requires more functionality, migration to a vertically scaled sy... |
Mutual recursion Prevalence Mutual_recursion > Prevalence Mutual recursion is very common in functional programming, and is often used for programs written in LISP, Scheme, ML, and similar programming languages. For example, Abelson and Sussman describe how a meta-circular evaluator can be used to implement LISP with a... |
100% renewable energy Energy transition 100%_renewable_energy > Feasibility > Energy transition 100% renewable energy is an energy system where all energy use is sourced from renewable energy sources. The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating/cooling and transport is motivated by global warming... |
T Symmetry General references Time-reversal_invariance > References > General references Maxwell's demon: entropy, information, computing, edited by H.S.Leff and A.F. Rex (IOP publishing, 1990) ISBN 0-7503-0057-4 Maxwell's demon, 2: entropy, classical and quantum information, edited by H.S.Leff and A.F. Rex (IOP publis... |
Dynamical system (definition) Construction of dynamical systems Dynamic_systems > Construction of dynamical systems The concept of evolution in time is central to the theory of dynamical systems as seen in the previous sections: the basic reason for this fact is that the starting motivation of the theory was the study ... |
Infinite sequence Finite and infinite Mathematical_sequence > Formal definition and basic properties > Finite and infinite Such a sequence is called a singly infinite sequence or a one-sided infinite sequence when disambiguation is necessary. In contrast, a sequence that is infinite in both directions—i.e. |
Archaea Cell wall and archaella Archaea > Structure, composition development, and operation > Cell wall and archaella Unlike bacteria, archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Methanobacteriales do have cell walls containing pseudopeptidoglycan, which resembles eubacterial peptidoglycan in morphology, function, ... |
Tides in marginal seas Tidal propagation along coasts Tides_in_marginal_seas > Tidal propagation along coasts After entering the continental shelf, a tidal wave quickly faces a boundary in the form of a landmass. When the tidal wave reaches a continental margin, it continues as a boundary trapped Kelvin wave. Along the... |
Passive dynamics Summary Passive_dynamics Passive dynamics refers to the dynamical behavior of actuators, robots, or organisms when not drawing energy from a supply (e.g., batteries, fuel, ATP). Depending on the application, considering or altering the passive dynamics of a powered system can have drastic effects on pe... |
Diaphragmatic surface of heart Cardiac output Right_heart > Physiology > Blood flow > Cardiac output It can be influenced by narrowing of the heart valves (stenosis) or contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.The strength of heart muscle contractions controls the stroke volume. This can be influenced ... |
Computer models of musical creativity Visual and artistic creativity Computational_creativity > Visual and artistic creativity Nonetheless, The Painting Fool has been extended to create novel images, much as AARON does, from its own limited imagination. Images in this vein include cityscapes and forests, which are gene... |
Row-column FFT algorithm Other generalizations Fast_Fourier_Transform > Other generalizations Various groups have also published "FFT" algorithms for non-equispaced data, as reviewed in Potts et al. (2001). Such algorithms do not strictly compute the DFT (which is only defined for equispaced data), but rather some appr... |
Causal relationships Buddhist philosophy Cause_and_effect > History > Buddhist philosophy In contrast, simultaneous cause and effect rejectors say that if the effect already exists, then it cannot effect the same way again. How past, present and future are accepted is a basis for various Buddhist school's causality vie... |
Impossibility proof Impossible constructions sought by the ancient Greeks Impossibility_proof > Impossible constructions sought by the ancient Greeks Three famous questions of Greek geometry were how: to trisect any angle using a compass and a straightedge, to construct a cube with a volume twice the volume of a given ... |
Theory of gravity Historical alternative theories Force_of_gravity > Alternative theories > Historical alternative theories Aristotelian theory of gravity Le Sage's theory of gravitation (1784) also called LeSage gravity but originally proposed by Fatio and further elaborated by Georges-Louis Le Sage, based on a fluid-... |
Greenhouse gas monitoring Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) Greenhouse_gas_monitoring > Methodology > Nitrous oxide monitoring > Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) Nitrous oxide is one of the most prominent anthropogenic ozone-depleting gase... |
Provably secure Practice-oriented provable security Security_proof > In cryptography > Practice-oriented provable security Classical provable security primarily aimed at studying the relationship between asymptotically defined objects. Instead, practice-oriented provable security is concerned with concrete objects of c... |
Liouville quantum gravity WZW models Liouville_quantum_gravity > Relations with other conformal field theories > WZW models Liouville theory can be obtained from the S L 2 ( R ) {\displaystyle SL_{2}(\mathbb {R} )} Wess–Zumino–Witten model by a quantum Drinfeld–Sokolov reduction. Moreover, correlation functions of the ... |
Hypohidrosis Management Hypohidrosis > Management In acquired generalized anhidrosis, spontaneous remission may be observed in some cases. Numerous cases have been reported to respond effectively to systemic corticosteroids. Although an optimum dose and regime has not been established, pulse methylprednisolone (up to 1... |
Compound distribution Definition Compound_probability_distribution > Definition A compound probability distribution is the probability distribution that results from assuming that a random variable X {\displaystyle X} is distributed according to some parametrized distribution F {\displaystyle F} with an unknown paramet... |
Stress testing (software) Examples Stress_testing_(software) > Examples A web server may be stress tested using scripts, bots, and various denial of service tools to observe the performance of a web site during peak loads. |
Newton's Third Law Third law Newton's_First_Law > Laws > Third law In Newtonian mechanics, if two bodies have momenta p → 1 {\displaystyle {\vec {p}}_{1}} and p → 2 {\displaystyle {\vec {p}}_{2}} respectively, then the total momentum of the pair is p → = p → 1 + p → 2 {\displaystyle {\vec {p}}={\vec {p}}_{1}+{\vec {p}}... |
Photoplethysmograph Monitoring respiration Photoplethysmograph > Uses > Monitoring respiration Respiration affects the cardiac cycle by varying the intrapleural pressure, the pressure between the thoracic wall and the lungs. Since the heart resides in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, the partial pressure of inhal... |
Biflaviolin synthase Summary Biflaviolin_synthase Biflaviolin synthase (EC 1.14.21.7, CYP158A2, CYP 158A2, cytochrome P450 158A2) is an enzyme with systematic name flaviolin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (1) 2 flaviolin + NADPH + H+ + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftha... |
Sacred art Geometry Sacred_art > Islamic art > Geometry The decorative features used use a variety of symmetries that are now recognized as belonging to separate mathematical groups, yet the patterns’ delicacy and elegance are unmatched in contemporary mathematical thought. Although it was once customary in Islam to u... |
Zodiacal light Other planets Zodiacal_light > Other planets Other planets, like Venus or Mercury, have shown to have rings of interplanetary dust in their orbital spaces. |
File deletion Sensitive data File_deletion > Sensitive data The common problem with sensitive data is that deleted files are not really erased and so may be recovered by interested parties. Most file systems only remove the link to data. But even overwriting parts of the disk with something else or formatting it may no... |
Braak staging Stage 1 Braak_staging > Parkinson's disease > Braak's theory > Stage 1 The disease begins in structures of the lower brainstem and the olfactory system. In particular, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in the medulla oblongata and anterior olfactory nucleus are affected. Lewy neurites, thread-li... |
Carcinogenesis Genetic and epigenetic Cancer_induction > Causes > Genetic and epigenetic There is a diverse classification scheme for the various genomic changes that may contribute to the generation of cancer cells. Many of these changes are mutations, or changes in the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA. There are al... |
Complex Number Characterization as a topological field Complex_field > Properties > Characterization as a topological field {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} .} Moreover, C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } has a nontrivial involutive automorphism x ↦ x* (namely the complex conjugation), such that x x* is in P for any nonzero x in... |
Hash browns Etymology Hash_browns > Etymology The word hash is derived from the French word "hacher", which means to hack or chop. This means hashed browned potatoes literally translates to "chopped and fried potatoes". |
Liver protein synthesis Disease Colic_impression > Clinical significance > Disease Factors contributing to the development of alcoholic liver diseases are not only the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, but can also include gender, genetics, and liver insult. Liver damage can also be caused by drugs, partic... |
P.I.P.S. Summary P.I.P.S. P.I.P.S. is a term (recursive acronym) for Symbian software libraries, and means "P.I.P.S. Is POSIX on Symbian OS". It is intended to help C language programmers in migration of desktop and server middleware, applications to Symbian OS based mobile smartphone devices. |
Generalized gradient approximation Overview of method Density-functional_theory > Overview of method In the context of computational materials science, ab initio (from first principles) DFT calculations allow the prediction and calculation of material behavior on the basis of quantum mechanical considerations, without ... |
Unit fractions Probability and statistics Unit_fractions > Applications > Probability and statistics In a uniform distribution on a discrete space, all probabilities are equal unit fractions. Due to the principle of indifference, probabilities of this form arise frequently in statistical calculations.Unequal probabilit... |
Discrete choice Summary Discrete_choice Discrete choice models statistically relate the choice made by each person to the attributes of the person and the attributes of the alternatives available to the person. For example, the choice of which car a person buys is statistically related to the person's income and age as... |
Johannes Kepler Astronomia Nova Johannes_Kepler > Astronomy > Astronomia Nova The extended line of research that culminated in Astronomia Nova (A New Astronomy)—including the first two laws of planetary motion—began with the analysis, under Tycho's direction, of the orbit of Mars. In this work Kepler introduced the rev... |
Lisinopril Mechanism of action Lisinopril > Pharmacology > Mechanism of action Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, meaning it blocks the actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), preventing angiotensin I from being converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a pot... |
Normable topology Definition Normable_topology > Definition Positive definiteness/positiveness/Point-separating: for all x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} if p ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle p(x)=0} then x = 0. {\displaystyle x=0.} Because property (2.) |
History of electric power transmission Transformers and alternating current History_of_electric_power_transmission > Transformers and alternating current The three had discovered that all former coreless or open-core devices were incapable of regulating voltage, and were therefore impractical. Their joint patent descri... |
Prion diseases Role in neurodegenerative disease Prion_diseases > In other diseases > Role in neurodegenerative disease The misfolding of TDP-43 is largely directed by its prion-like domain. This domain is inherently prone to misfolding, while pathological mutations in TDP-43 have been found to increase this propensity... |
MiR-324-5p Future research and potential in medicine MiR-324-5p > Future research and potential in medicine miRNA-324-5p is a relatively new and understudied microRNA. It is an important regulator in several diseases, and its effects span across the body from neuronal dysregulation in seizure to hepatocellular carcinom... |
Doppler optical coherence tomography Principles of Doppler OCT Doppler_optical_coherence_tomography > Principles of Doppler OCT Light hits the moving particles and is backscattered from the sample. Then the light interferes with the light in the reference beam, causing a Doppler frequency shift F D {\displaystyle F_{D}... |
Magnetite Human brain Magnetite > Biological occurrences > Human brain Research suggests that beta-amyloid plaques and tau proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease frequently occur after oxidative stress and the build-up of iron.Some researchers also suggest that humans possess a magnetic sense, proposing tha... |
Pulse transformer Resonant transformer Pulse_transformer > Power transformer > Resonant transformer They are also used in radio transmitters. Resonant transformers are also used in electronic ballasts for gas discharge lamps, and high voltage power supplies. They are also used in some types of switching power supplies. |
Hepatic fibrosis Decompensated cirrhosis Hepatic_fibrosis > Treatment > Decompensated cirrhosis People with decompensated cirrhosis generally require admission to a hospital, with close monitoring of the fluid balance, mental status, and emphasis on adequate nutrition and medical treatment – often with diuretics, antib... |
Harvard Project Physics Summary Harvard_Project_Physics Harvard Project Physics, also called Project Physics, was a national curriculum development project to create a secondary school physics education program in the United States during the Cold War era. |
Bloom filters Algorithm description Bloom_filters > Algorithm description Since the simple algorithm provides no way to determine whether any other elements have been added that affect the bits for the element to be removed, clearing any of the bits would introduce the possibility of false negatives. One-time removal o... |
Colorectal polyp Follow-up Colonic_polyp > Follow-up By United States guidelines, the following follow-up is recommended: |
Comparison of webmail providers Secure delivery Comparison_of_webmail_providers > Digital rights > Secure delivery Features to reduce the risk of third-party tracking and interception of the email content; measures to increase the deliverability of correct outbound messages. |
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis Differential diagnosis Pulmonary_capillary_hemangiomatosis > Diagnosis > Differential diagnosis Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease |
Induction plasma technology Summary Induction_plasma_technology Induction plasma, also called inductively coupled plasma, is a type of high temperature plasma generated by electromagnetic induction, usually coupled with argon gas. The magnetic field induces an electric current within the gas which creates the plasma. T... |
Gluing (topology) Quotient map Quotient_space_(topology) > Quotient map Every quotient map is continuous but not every continuous map is a quotient map. Saturated sets A subset S {\displaystyle S} of X {\displaystyle X} is called saturated (with respect to f {\displaystyle f} ) if it is of the form S = f − 1 ( T ) {\di... |
Space travel using constant acceleration In fiction Space_travel_using_constant_acceleration > In fiction The spacecraft of George O. Smith's Venus Equilateral stories are all constant acceleration ships. Normal acceleration is 1 g, but in "The External Triangle" it is mentioned that accelerations of up to 5 g are poss... |
Newtonian theory Work and energy Classical_billiard_balls > Description of the theory > Work and energy If the work done in moving the particle from r1 to r2 is the same no matter what path is taken, the force is said to be conservative. Gravity is a conservative force, as is the force due to an idealized spring, as gi... |
Perron–Frobenius theorem Counterexamples Perron–Frobenius_theorem > Counterexamples The matrices L = ( 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 ) {\displaystyle \left({\begin{smallmatrix}1&0&0\\1&0&0\\1&1&1\end{smallmatrix}}\right)} , P = ( 1 0 0 1 0 0 − 1 1 1 ) {\displaystyle \left({\begin{smallmatrix}1&0&0\\1&0&0\\\!\!\!-1&1&1\end{smallmat... |
Lenz's Law Example Lenz's_Law > Definition > Example Magnetic fields from strong magnets can create counter-rotating currents in a copper or aluminium pipe. This is shown by dropping the magnet through the pipe. The descent of the magnet inside the pipe is observably slower than when dropped outside the pipe. When a vo... |
Precancerous condition Pathophysiology Precancerous_condition > Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of precancerous lesions is thought to be similar to that of cancer, and also varies depending on the disease site and type of lesion. It is thought that cancer is always preceded by a clinically silent premalignant phase... |
T-matrix method Calculation of the T-matrix T-matrix_method > Calculation of the T-matrix Improvement of traditional T-matrix includes Invariant-imbedding T-matrix Method (IITM) by B. R. Johnson. The numerical code of IITM is developed by Lei Bi, based on Mishchenko's EBCM code. It is more powerful than EBCM as it is m... |
Bcache Summary Bcache bcache (abbreviated from block cache) is a cache in the Linux kernel's block layer, which is used for accessing secondary storage devices. It allows one or more fast storage devices, such as flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs), to act as a cache for one or more slower storage devices, such as ha... |
Coase theorem The theorem Coase_theorem > The theorem Furthermore, it did not matter to whom the property rights were granted. His reasoning was that the station able to reap the higher economic gain from broadcasting would have an incentive to pay the other station not to interfere. In the absence of transaction costs... |
Agent-based model in biology Bacteria aggregation leading to biofilm formation Agent-based_model_in_biology > Cell-based modeling > Bacteria aggregation leading to biofilm formation The agent-based model suggests that if metabolic pathways can be switched without cost the faster the switching the better. However, where... |
Shear joint Calculating the torque Bolted_joint > Calculating the torque This friction can be affected by the application of a lubricant or any plating (e.g. cadmium or zinc) applied to the threads, and the fastener's standard defines whether the torque value is for dry or lubricated threading, as lubrication can reduc... |
Kepler-13 Stellar system Kepler-13 > Stellar system The multiple nature of the system was discovered in 1904 by Robert Grant Aitken at Lick Observatory. He measured a separation between the A and B components of approximately one arc second and position angle of 281.3° with the 36" James Lick telescope. The position of... |
Ancestral reconstruction Bayesian inference Ancestral_reconstruction > Methods and algorithms > Bayesian inference P ( D | S , θ ) {\displaystyle P(D|S,\theta )} is the likelihood of the observed data which can be computed by Felsenstein's pruning algorithm as given above. P ( S | θ ) {\displaystyle P(S|\theta )} is th... |
LogP machine Summary LogP_machine The machine is described by the four parameters: L {\displaystyle L} , the latency of the communication medium. o {\displaystyle o} , the overhead of sending and receiving a message. g {\displaystyle g} , the gap required between two send/receive operations. |
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