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Islamic medicine Medical ethics Arabic_medicine > Medical ethics The Islamic medical ethics can be discovered as two types of topics, the Adab literature and the classic Islamic legal tradition. With Adab literature, its main course of action is to mainly promote the universal virtues and morals that exists. Its main g... |
Quantum digital signature Requirements for a good and usable signature scheme Quantum_digital_signature > Quantum Digital Signature > Requirements for a good and usable signature scheme Most of the requirements for a classical digital signature scheme also apply to the quantum digital signature scheme. In detail The sc... |
Isomap Summary Isomap Isomap is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method. It is one of several widely used low-dimensional embedding methods. Isomap is used for computing a quasi-isometric, low-dimensional embedding of a set of high-dimensional data points. The algorithm provides a simple method for estimating the i... |
Combinatorial explosion Arithmetic Combinatorial_explosion > Examples > Arithmetic Suppose we take the factorial of n: n ! = n ⋅ ( n − 1 ) ⋅ … ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 {\displaystyle n!=n\cdot (n-1)\cdot \ldots \cdot 2\cdot 1} Then 1! = 1, 2! = 2, 3! |
Electrolytic conductivity Definitions Conductivity_(electrolytic) > Definitions If the resistance of the calibration solution is R*, a cell-constant, defined as the ratio of l and A (C = l⁄A), is derived. R ∗ = ρ × C {\displaystyle R^{*}=\rho \times C} The specific conductance (conductivity), κ (kappa) is the reciproca... |
Kenneth Boulding's evolutionary perspective Perspectives Kenneth_Boulding's_evolutionary_perspective > Perspectives In his classic work, The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, Georgescu-Roegen issued a call for the end of the circular flow diagrams used in mainstream thought and textbooks in which the production and... |
Determinant (mathematics) Generalizations and related notions Determinant_of_a_matrix > Generalizations and related notions Determinants as treated above admit several variants: the permanent of a matrix is defined as the determinant, except that the factors sgn ( σ ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {sgn}(\sigma )} occu... |
Discrete Weibull distribution Summary Discrete_Weibull_distribution In probability theory and statistics, the discrete Weibull distribution is the discrete variant of the Weibull distribution. It was first described by Nakagawa and Osaki in 1975. |
Lint (material) External links and further reading Lint_(material) > External links and further reading "World record navel lint collection". feargod.net. "Bellybutton Lint Collecters". |
Fixed-point arithmetic Overflow Fixed-point_arithmetic > Hardware support > Overflow Overflow happens when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be stored in the designated destination area. In addition and subtraction, the result may require one bit more than the operands. In multiplication of two unsi... |
Bulk encryption Summary Link_encryption if the communications link operates continuously and carries an unvarying level of traffic, link encryption defeats traffic analysis.On the other hand, end-to-end encryption ensures only the intended recipient has access to the plaintext. Link encryption can be used with end-to-e... |
Instructional Simulation Summary Instructional_Simulation An instructional simulation, also called an educational simulation, is a simulation of some type of reality (system or environment) but which also includes instructional elements that help a learner explore, navigate or obtain more information about that system ... |
Mathematical models Prediction of empirical data Mathematical_modelling > Construction > Evaluation and assessment > Prediction of empirical data This practice is referred to as cross-validation in statistics. Defining a metric to measure distances between observed and predicted data is a useful tool for assessing mode... |
Jugular venous pressure Abdominojugular test Jugular_venous_pressure > Method > Abdominojugular test The term "hepatojugular reflux" was previously used as it was thought that compression of the liver resulted in "reflux" of blood out of the hepatic sinusoids into the inferior vena cava, thereby elevating right atrial ... |
Lean Manufacturing Summary Just-in-time_manufacturing Lean manufacturing also involves people who work outside of the manufacturing process, such as in marketing and customer service. Lean manufacturing is particularly related to the operational model implemented in the post-war 1950s and 1960s by the Japanese automobi... |
Find-me signals Failure to remove dying cells Find-me_signals > In Apoptosis > Failure to remove dying cells If the body's immune system, or more specifically phagocytes, fail to clear dying cells in the body, symptoms such as chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and developmental abnormalities have been shown t... |
Dose (biochemistry) Prescription drugs Dose_(biochemistry) > Medicines > Prescription drugs Prescription drug dosage is based typically on body weight. Drugs come with a recommended dose in milligrams or micrograms per kilogram of body weight, and that is used in conjunction with the patient's body weight to determine ... |
Volcanic lithic fragment Sedimentary (Ls) Lithic_fragment > Types > Sedimentary (Ls) These can include shale siltstone fragments, and (at times) chert. |
Oseltamivir Pharmacokinetics Oseltamivir > Pharmacokinetics Its oral bioavailability is over 80% and is extensively metabolised to its active form upon first-pass through the liver. It has a volume of distribution of 23–26 litres. Its half-life is about 1–3 hours and its active carboxylate metabolite has a half-life of... |
Opioid agonist Low sex hormone levels Opioid-induced_constipation > Adverse effects > Other adverse effects > Low sex hormone levels One study found that the depressed testosterone levels of heroin addicts returned to normal within one month of abstinence, suggesting that the effect is readily reversible and is not per... |
Data Warehouse Versus operational system Data_Warehouses > Versus operational system Analytic access patterns generally involve selecting specific fields and rarely if ever select *, which selects all fields/columns, as is more common in operational databases. Because of these differences in access patterns, operationa... |
Computer Program Algol Computer_code > Programming paradigms and languages > Imperative languages > Algol This led to syntax-directed compilers. It added features like: block structure, where variables were local to their block. arrays with variable bounds. |
Tendex line Summary Tendex_line A tendex line (from the Latin "tendere": To stretch) is a traversal line describing the path matter takes through the accretion disc of a black hole. A tendex line typically follows a spiral around the black hole descending to the event horizon. Matter on this line experiences a stretchi... |
Equilibrium catalyst Spent catalyst disposal Equilibrium_catalyst > Spent catalyst disposal The disposal of spent catalyst is gaining importance, particularly because of strict environmental regulations and high prices of fresh catalyst. Landfills and approved dumping sites have been predominantly used to get rid of th... |
Magnocellular cell Schizophrenia Magnocellular_cell > Clinical significance > Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which people are unable to differentiate what is real and what is not. It is believed that the magnocellular pathway may help with facial recognition and discrimination in children, but when... |
Discovery and development of neuraminidase inhibitors Mechanism of enzyme catalysis Discovery_and_development_of_neuraminidase_inhibitors > Mechanism of action > Mechanism of enzyme catalysis Step three involves nucleophilic attack of tyrosine on the sialosyl cation. The fourth step is the formation and release of Neu5... |
System On Chip Memory System_On_Chip > Structure > Functional components > Memory As in other computer systems, RAM can be subdivided into relatively faster but more expensive static RAM (SRAM) and the slower but cheaper dynamic RAM (DRAM). When an SoC has a cache hierarchy, SRAM will usually be used to implement proce... |
Fourier inversion Summary Fourier_inversion_theorem This last equation is called the Fourier integral theorem. Another way to state the theorem is that if R {\displaystyle R} is the flip operator i.e. ( R f ) ( x ) := f ( − x ) {\displaystyle (Rf)(x):=f(-x)} , then F − 1 = F R = R F . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}^{-1}... |
Quantitative genetics Gene effects Polygenic_trait > Gene effects The diagram depicts the idea. However, in reality we measure phenotypes, and the figure also shows how observed phenotypes relate to the gene effects. |
Hardware accelerator Applications Hardware_accelerator > Applications Examples of hardware acceleration include bit blit acceleration functionality in graphics processing units (GPUs), use of memristors for accelerating neural networks and regular expression hardware acceleration for spam control in the server industry... |
CHARMM Force fields CHARMM > Force fields It "covers a wide range of chemical groups present in biomolecules and drug-like molecules, including a large number of heterocyclic scaffolds". The general force field is designed to cover any combination of chemical groups. |
Circulatory collapse Pathophysiology Circulatory_collapse > Pathophysiology There are four stages of shock. Shock is a complex and continuous condition, and there is no sudden transition from one stage to the next. At a cellular level, shock is the process of oxygen demand becoming greater than oxygen supply.One of the... |
Human embryonic stem cell Cell cycle control Stem_cell_biology > Embryonic > Cell cycle control mESCs showed a cell cycle with highly abbreviated G1 phase, which enabled cells to rapidly alternate between M phase and S phase. In a somatic cell cycle, oscillatory activity of Cyclin-Cdk complexes is observed in sequentia... |
Homologous chromosome Overview Homologous_chromosome > Overview In diploid (2n) organisms, the genome is composed of one set of each homologous chromosome pair, as compared to tetraploid organisms which may have two sets of each homologous chromosome pair. The alleles on the homologous chromosomes may be different, res... |
Automated vacuum collection Summary Automated_vacuum_collection An automated vacuum waste collection system, also known as pneumatic refuse collection, or automated vacuum collection (AVAC), transports waste at a high speed through underground pneumatic tubes to a collection station where it is compacted and sealed in ... |
Weak-Link Approach Metal centers utilized in the WLA Weak-Link_Approach > Weak-Link Approach components > Metal centers utilized in the WLA Due to the well-developed understanding of the reactions between the hemilabile ligands and d8 metal ions, the WLA has relied extensively on this type of metal center within its me... |
Hölder exponent Examples Hölder_exponent > Examples If 0 < α ≤ β ≤ 1 then all C 0 , β ( Ω ¯ ) {\displaystyle C^{0,\beta }({\overline {\Omega }})} Hölder continuous functions on a bounded set Ω are also C 0 , α ( Ω ¯ ) {\displaystyle C^{0,\alpha }({\overline {\Omega }})} Hölder continuous. This also includes β = 1 and t... |
Split-complex number Geometry Split-complex_number > Geometry {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} .} The hyperbola consists of a right and left branch passing through (a, 0) and (−a, 0). The case a = 1 is called the unit hyperbola. |
Photoelectric receiver Based on mechanism of operation Photoelectric_receiver > Classification > Based on mechanism of operation Photodetectors may be classified by their mechanism for detection: Photoconductive effect: These detectors work by changing their electrical conductivity when exposed to light. The incident l... |
Medical records Privacy Medical_records > Privacy The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA) addresses the issue of privacy by providing medical information handling guidelines. Not only is it bound by the Code of Ethics of its profession (in the case of doctors and nurses), but also by the ... |
General Purpose Heat Source Summary General-purpose_heat_source The general-purpose heat source is a U.S. DOE-designed radioactive heat source for radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) or Stirling radioisotope generators (SRG). It is meant for space applications and is packaged as a stackable module. |
Molecule Theoretical aspects Molecular_size > Theoretical aspects When trying to define rigorously whether an arrangement of atoms is sufficiently stable to be considered a molecule, IUPAC suggests that it "must correspond to a depression on the potential energy surface that is deep enough to confine at least one vibra... |
Underwater survey Platforms Underwater_survey > Tools > Remote measurement through water > Platforms Autonomous underwater vehicles are more economical than manned vehicles. Researchers have focused on the development of AUVs for long-term data collection in oceanography and coastal management. |
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Technology Atmospheric_Infrared_Sounder > Technology Within the instrument, an advanced, high-resolution spectrometer separates the infrared energy into wavelengths. Each infrared wavelength is sensitive to temperature and water vapor over a range of heights in the atmosphere, from the surf... |
Set (abstract data type) Language support Multiset_(abstract_data_type) > Language support One of the earliest languages to support sets was Pascal; many languages now include it, whether in the core language or in a standard library. In C++, the Standard Template Library (STL) provides the set template class, which is... |
Type 3 hypersensitivity Pathogenesis Immune_complex_diseases > Pathogenesis Immune complex size depends on both the quantity of antigen and antibody, with smaller complexes occurring at both a great excess of antigen and a relatively small amount. Another determinant of immune complex properties is its charge, and in p... |
Acknowledgement (data networks) Summary Acknowledgement_(data_networks) Checksums are used to detect data corruption. If a message is received with an invalid checksum (that is, the data received would have a different checksum than the message had), the receiver can know that some information was corrupted. Most often... |
Interactome Summary Interaction_network In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions, PPIs; or between small molecules ... |
Capsule neural network Transformations Capsule_neural_network > Transformations Equivariant properties such as a spatial relationship are captured in a pose, data that describes an object's translation, rotation, scale and reflection. Translation is a change in location in one or more dimensions. Rotation is a change i... |
Integrity (operating system) INTEGRITY Integrity_(operating_system) > INTEGRITY INTEGRITY is POSIX-certified and intended for use in embedded systems of 32-bits or 64-bits. Supported computer architectures include variants of: ARM, Blackfin, ColdFire, MIPS, PowerPC, XScale, and x86. INTEGRITY is supported by popular SS... |
Electronic visual display Classification Electronic_display > Classification Electronic visual displays present visual information according to the electrical input signal (analog or digital) either by emitting light (then they are called active displays) or, alternatively, by modulating available light during the proc... |
Multigrid methods Algorithm Multigrid_method > Algorithm For a discrete 2D problem, F-Cycle takes 83% more time to compute than a V-Cycle iteration while a W-Cycle iteration takes 125% more. If the problem is set up in a 3D domain, then a F-Cycle iteration and a W-Cycle iteration take about 64% and 75% more time respec... |
Elastic Deformation Summary Plastic_deformation_in_solids In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Strain is the relative internal ... |
Discrete components Magnetic (inductive) devices Photoelectric_devices > Passive components > Magnetic (inductive) devices Electrical components that use magnetism in the storage and release of electrical charge through current: Inductor, coil, choke Variable inductor Saturable inductor Transformer Magnetic amplifier (... |
Immune privilege Central nervous system Immune_privilege > Immunologically privileged sites > Central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, is a sensitive system with limited capacity for regeneration. In that regard, the concept of "immune privilege" within the CNS ... |
Fluid resistance Very low Reynolds numbers: Stokes' drag Drag_(physics) > Very low Reynolds numbers: Stokes' drag The equation for viscous resistance or linear drag is appropriate for objects or particles moving through a fluid at relatively slow speeds where there is no turbulence (i.e. low Reynolds number, R e < 1 {\... |
GraphBLAS Example code GraphBLAS > Example code The following is a GraphBLAS 2.0-compliant example of a breadth-first search in the C programming language. : 283 |
Film capacitor Paper (film) capacitors (MP) and mixed film capacitors Snubber_capacitor > Characteristics of film materials for film capacitors > Paper (film) capacitors (MP) and mixed film capacitors Power film capacitors using metallized paper as carrier of the electrodes, their different configurations and their usu... |
BLAKE (hash function) Tweaks BLAKE_(hash_function) > Tweaks Throughout the NIST hash function competition, entrants are permitted to "tweak" their algorithms to address issues that are discovered. Changes that have been made to BLAKE are: the number of rounds was increased from 10/14 to 14/16. This is to be more conser... |
Absolute continuity Properties Domination_(measure_theory) > Absolute continuity of functions > Properties Every (globally) Lipschitz-continuous function is absolutely continuous. If f: → R is absolutely continuous, then it is of bounded variation on . If f: → R is absolutely continuous, then it can be written as the... |
Information processing theory Other Cognitive processes Information_processing_theory > Other Cognitive processes Cognitive processes include perception, recognition, imagining, remembering, thinking, judging, reasoning, problem solving, conceptualizing, and planning. These cognitive processes can emerge from human lan... |
Transcription factor Summary Upstream_transcription_factor Transcription factors are members of the proteome as well as regulome. TFs work alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase (the enzyme that performs the transcription... |
Vanishing gradient problem Residual networks Vanishing_gradient_problem > Solutions > Residual networks Skip connections are a critical component of what allowed successful training of deeper neural networks. ResNets yielded lower training error (and test error) than their shallower counterparts simply by reintroducing... |
Edge network Evolved EDGE Edge_network > Evolved EDGE Mobile operators have invested billions in GSM networks, many of which are already capable of supporting EDGE data speeds up to 236.8 kbit/s. With a software upgrade and a new device compliant with Evolved EDGE (like an Evolved EDGE smartphone) for the user, these d... |
Right isosceles triangle 45° - 45° - 90° triangle Special_right_triangles > Angle-based > 45° - 45° - 90° triangle In plane geometry, constructing the diagonal of a square results in a triangle whose three angles are in the ratio 1: 1: 2, adding up to 180° or π radians. Hence, the angles respectively measure 45° (π/4),... |
Henri Lebesgue Mathematical career Henri_Lebesgue > Mathematical career In measure-theoretic analysis and related branches of mathematics, the Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral generalizes Riemann–Stieltjes and Lebesgue integration, preserving the many advantages of the latter in a more general measure-theoretic framework. D... |
VSI mill Operating characteristic VSI_mill > Operating characteristic Strength of material - up to 200 MPa Mohs hardness - up to 7 Absolute humidity - up to 1% (strong condition) Feed size - up to 40 mm Product size - less than 0.5 mm Capacity - up to 20 t/hMill uses for hard and friable materials. Wood, most metals an... |
Multilayer optics Antireflection coatings Optical_coating > Types of coating > Antireflection coatings Antireflection coatings are used to reduce reflection from surfaces. Whenever a ray of light moves from one medium to another (such as when light enters a sheet of glass after travelling through air), some portion of ... |
Bias tee Capacitor Bias_tee > Construction > A particular construction > Capacitor At one point a small slice is cut out of the center conductor, therefore a capacitor is formed and low frequencies are blocked. This kind of capacitor has the advantage that it is nearly invisible to higher frequencies. To pass frequenci... |
Fracture Mechanics Crack tip plastic zone Plastic_zone > Linear elastic fracture mechanics > Crack tip plastic zone If a crack is present in a specimen that undergoes cyclic loading, the specimen will plastically deform at the crack tip and delay the crack growth. In the event of an overload or excursion, this model ch... |
Basic salt Examples Alkali_salt > Examples Sodium carbonate Sodium acetate Potassium cyanide Sodium sulfide Sodium bicarbonate Sodium hydroxide |
Krivine machine The state Krivine_machine > Description > The state The state has three components a term, a stack, an environment.The term is a λ-term with de Bruijn indices. The stack and the environment belong to the same recursive data structure. More precisely, the environment and the stack are lists of pairs , th... |
Vortex theory of the atom Description Vortex_theory_of_the_atom > Description The vortex theory of the atom was based on the observation that a stable vortex can be created in a fluid by making it into a ring with no ends. Such vortices could be sustained in the luminiferous aether, a hypothetical fluid thought at the ... |
Windows Vista I/O technologies I/O subsystem Windows_Vista_I/O_technologies > I/O subsystem In Windows Vista, there is no limit on the size of I/O requests. This means an entire I/O operation can be completed by issuing fewer requests, which in turn may lead to higher performance. Windows Explorer and the Command Promp... |
Programming language reference Summary Programming_language_reference In computing, a programming language reference or language reference manual is part of the documentation associated with most mainstream programming languages. It is written for users and developers, and describes the basic elements of the language a... |
Remote sensing (oceanography) Sea surface temperature (thermal infrared radiometry) Remote_sensing_(oceanography) > Remote sensing use cases > Sea surface temperature (thermal infrared radiometry) The ocean surface emits electromagnetic radiation B {\displaystyle B} dependent on the temperature T {\displaystyle T} at a... |
Rejuvenation Historical and cultural background Rejuvenation > Historical and cultural background Noteworthy people who had the surgery included Harold McCormick, chairman of the board of International Harvester Company, and the aging premier of Turkey.Swiss doctor Paul Niehans, who was one of the fathers of cellular t... |
Plateau Principle Equations for the approach to steady state Plateau_Principle > Equations for the approach to steady state Derivation of equations that describe the time course of change for a system with zero-order input and first-order elimination are presented in the articles Exponential decay and Biological half-l... |
Penalized least squares Feature maps and Mercer's theorem Regularized_least_squares > Feature maps and Mercer's theorem {\displaystyle \min _{c\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}\|Y-\Phi \Phi ^{T}c\|_{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}^{2}+\lambda c^{T}\Phi \Phi ^{T}c.} This approach is known as the kernel trick. This technique can significantly sim... |
Space-charge limited current Drift regime (Mott–Gurney law) Space-charge_limited_current > Space-charge-limited current > In semiconductors > Drift regime (Mott–Gurney law) The Child's law behavior of a space-charge-limited current that applies in a vacuum diode doesn't generally apply to a semiconductor/insulator in a... |
Epigenetic robotics Mechanisms and constraints Developmental_robotics > Research directions > Mechanisms and constraints The sensorimotor and social spaces in which humans and robot live are so large and complex that only a small part of potentially learnable skills can actually be explored and learnt within a life-tim... |
Protein NMR Homonuclear nuclear magnetic resonance Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance > Resonance assignment > Homonuclear nuclear magnetic resonance The continuous chain of protons are the sidechain of the individual amino acids. Thus these two experiments are used to build so called spin systems, that is build a list... |
Plant expressed vaccine Summary Plant_expressed_vaccine A gene from the protein is transferred to bacteria, which are then used to “infect” plant cells. The plants then start producing the exact protein that will be used for vaccinations. Other uses of plant-expressed vaccines including the successful creation of edibl... |
Elastic interaction Summary Elastic_collision A useful special case of elastic collision is when the two bodies have equal mass, in which case they will simply exchange their momenta. The molecules—as distinct from atoms—of a gas or liquid rarely experience perfectly elastic collisions because kinetic energy is exchang... |
Lebesgue integrability condition Examples Riemann_integrability > Examples Choose ε > 0. The ti have already been chosen, and we can't change the value of f at those points. But if we cut the partition into tiny pieces around each ti, we can minimize the effect of the ti. |
Line regression Epidemiology Linear_trend > Applications > Epidemiology Early evidence relating tobacco smoking to mortality and morbidity came from observational studies employing regression analysis. In order to reduce spurious correlations when analyzing observational data, researchers usually include several variab... |
Data mining Privacy concerns and ethics Data_mining > Privacy concerns and ethics However, even "anonymized" data sets can potentially contain enough information to allow identification of individuals, as occurred when journalists were able to find several individuals based on a set of search histories that were inadve... |
HTTP protocol Summary of HTTP milestone versions HTTP_GET > History > Summary of HTTP milestone versions In January 1997, RFC 2068 was officially released as HTTP/1.1 specifications. In June 1999, RFC 2616 was released to include all improvements and updates based on previous (obsolete) HTTP/1.1 specifications. W3C HTT... |
Quantum Liouville equation Definition and motivation Density_Matrix > Definition and motivation Conversely, it follows from the spectral theorem that every operator with these properties can be written as ∑ j p j | ψ j ⟩ ⟨ ψ j | {\textstyle \sum _{j}p_{j}\left|\psi _{j}\right\rangle \left\langle \psi _{j}\right|} for s... |
Artificial gravity Summary Artificial_gravity Artificial gravity is the creation of an inertial force that mimics the effects of a gravitational force, usually by rotation. Artificial gravity, or rotational gravity, is thus the appearance of a centrifugal force in a rotating frame of reference (the transmission of cent... |
Regular complex polytope Summary Complex_polytope In geometry, a complex polytope is a generalization of a polytope in real space to an analogous structure in a complex Hilbert space, where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one. A complex polytope may be understood as a collection of complex points, li... |
Levi–Lechicki theorem Summary Levi–Lechicki_theorem Wijsman convergence is a variation of Hausdorff convergence suitable for work with unbounded sets. Intuitively, Wijsman convergence is to convergence in the Hausdorff metric as pointwise convergence is to uniform convergence. |
Fault diagnosis Mathematics and logic Laboratory_diagnostics > Mathematics and logic Bayesian probability Block Hackam's dictum Occam's razor Regression diagnostics Sutton's law |
Torque steer Summary Torque_steer Torque steer is directly related to differences in the forces in the contact patches of the left and right drive wheels. The effect becomes more evident when high torques are applied to the drive wheels because of a high overall reduction ratio between the engine and wheels, high engin... |
Document summarization Unsupervised approach: TextRank Automatic_summarisation > Applications and systems for summarization > Keyphrase extraction > Unsupervised approach: TextRank For example, in a text about machine learning, the unigram "learning" might co-occur with "machine", "supervised", "un-supervised", and "se... |
Simulation of production systems Flight Simulation_of_production_systems > More examples of simulation > Flight Another advantage is reduced environmental impact, as simulators don't contribute directly to carbon or noise emissions.There also exist "engineering flight simulators" which are a key element of the aircraft... |
Turing equivalence (recursion theory) Post's problem and the priority method Recursively_enumerable_Turing_degree > Post's problem and the priority method degrees, which came to be known as the priority method. The priority method is now the main technique for establishing results about r.e. sets. |
Semiconductor Devices Improvements in transistor design Semiconductor_electronics > History of semiconductor device development > Improvements in transistor design From the late 1950s, most transistors were silicon-based. Within a few years transistor-based products, most notably easily portable radios, were appearing ... |
Hard privacy technologies Summary Hard_privacy_technologies Hard privacy technologies are methods of protecting data. Hard privacy technologies and soft privacy technologies both fall under the category of privacy enchancing technologies. Hard privacy technologies allow online users to protect their privacy through dif... |
Secure Enclave Address Space Layout Randomization Secure_Enclave > Security and privacy > Address Space Layout Randomization Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) is a low-level technique of preventing memory corruption attacks such as buffer overflows. It involves placing data in randomly selected locations in mem... |
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