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Value (computer science) Summary Value_(computer_science) In computer science and software programming, a value is the representation of some entity that can be manipulated by a program. The members of a type are the values of that type.The "value of a variable" is given by the corresponding mapping in the environment.... |
External variable Definition, declaration and the extern keyword External_variable > Definition, declaration and the extern keyword A variable must be defined exactly once in one of the modules of the program. If there is no definition or more than one, an error is produced, possibly in the linking stage. A variable ma... |
Non-standard calculus Uniform continuity Non-standard_calculus > Uniform continuity Concerning quantifier complexity, the following remarks were made by Kevin Houston: The number of quantifiers in a mathematical statement gives a rough measure of the statement’s complexity. Statements involving three or more quantifier... |
Rational root Third Rational_root_theorem > Examples > Third True roots must occur on both lists, so list of rational root candidates has shrunk to just x = 2 and x = 2/3. If k ≥ 1 rational roots are found, Horner's method will also yield a polynomial of degree n − k whose roots, together with the rational roots, are e... |
Microsoft Equation Editor Graph Microsoft_Chart > Graph Microsoft Graph (originally known as Microsoft Chart) is an OLE application deployed by Microsoft Office programs such as Excel and Access to create charts and graphs. The program is available as an OLE application object in Visual Basic. Microsoft Graph supports ... |
Quantum Biology Photosynthesis Quantum_Biology > Applications > Photosynthesis FT electron spectroscopy studies of electron absorption and transfer show an efficiency of above 99%, which cannot be explained by classical mechanical models like the diffusion model. Instead, as early as 1938, scientists theorized that qua... |
Bernoulli's equation Applications Bernoulli’s_principle > Applications Whenever the distribution of speed past the top and bottom surfaces of a wing is known, the lift forces can be calculated (to a good approximation) using Bernoulli's equations, which were established by Bernoulli over a century before the first man-... |
Violent relaxation Summary Chandrasekhar_friction In astrophysics, dynamical friction or Chandrasekhar friction, sometimes called gravitational drag, is loss of momentum and kinetic energy of moving bodies through gravitational interactions with surrounding matter in space. It was first discussed in detail by Subrahman... |
Coverage probability Concept Coverage_probability > Concept A discrepancy between the coverage probability and the nominal coverage probability frequently occurs when approximating a discrete distribution with a continuous one. The construction of binomial confidence intervals is a classic example where coverage probab... |
K vitamin Physiology Vitamin_K > Physiology In animals, vitamin K is involved in the carboxylation of certain glutamate residues in proteins to form gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues. The modified residues are often (but not always) situated within specific protein domains called Gla domains. Gla residues are usual... |
Diving mask Function Half_mask > Function Also, pincushion distortion and lateral chromatic aberration are noticeable. As the diver descends in clean water, the water acts as a colour filter eliminating the red end of the visible spectrum of the sunlight entering the water leaving only the blue end of the spectrum. Dep... |
Carboxylesterase 1 Function Carboxylesterase_1 > Function Carboxylesterase 1 is a serine esterase and member of a large multigene carboxylesterase family. It is also part of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family. These enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing xenobiotics and drugs s... |
Consensus (computer science) Permissionless consensus protocols Proof_of_elapsed_time > Some consensus protocols > Permissionless consensus protocols Bitcoin uses proof of work, a difficulty adjustment function and a reorganization function to achieve permissionless consensus in its open peer-to-peer network. To extend... |
Locally flat spacetime Real Minkowski spacetime Minkowski_tensor > History > Real Minkowski spacetime In a further development in his 1908 "Space and Time" lecture, Minkowski gave an alternative formulation of this idea that used a real time coordinate instead of an imaginary one, representing the four variables (x, y,... |
Nuclear weapons yield Calculating yields and controversy Nuclear_yield > Calculating yields and controversy Here S is a dimensionless constant having a value approximately equal to 1, since it is low-order function of the heat capacity ratio or adiabatic index γ = C P C V , {\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {C_{P}}{C_{V}}}... |
Williams' p + 1 algorithm Example Williams'_p_+_1_algorithm > Example The number 9! is the lowest factorial which is multiple of 810, so the proper factor 811 is found in this step. The factor 139 is not found this time because p−1 = 138 = 2 × 3 × 23 which is not a divisor of 9! As can be seen in these examples we do n... |
Quartic function Converting to a depressed quartic Quartic_equations > Solution > Solution methods > Converting to a depressed quartic For solving purposes, it is generally better to convert the quartic into a depressed quartic by the following simple change of variable. All formulas are simpler and some methods work o... |
Behavioral addiction Biomolecular mechanisms Behavioral_addiction > Biomolecular mechanisms Once the behavior is triggered, it is hard to work away from the dopamine reward system. Behaviors like gambling have been linked to the newfound idea of the brain's capacity to anticipate rewards. The reward system can be trigg... |
Arterial embolism Pathophysiology Arterial_embolism > Pathophysiology An arterial embolism is caused by one or more emboli getting stuck in an artery and blocking blood flow, causing ischemia, possibly resulting in infarction with tissue death (necrosis). Individuals with arterial thrombosis or embolism often develop c... |
AC (complexity) Summary AC_(complexity) In circuit complexity, AC is a complexity class hierarchy. Each class, ACi, consists of the languages recognized by Boolean circuits with depth O ( log i n ) {\displaystyle O(\log ^{i}n)} and a polynomial number of unlimited fan-in AND and OR gates. The name "AC" was chosen by ... |
HIV transmission Prognosis HIV_infection > Prognosis The rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between individuals and has been shown to be affected by a number of factors such as a person's susceptibility and immune function; their access to health care, the presence of co-infections; and the particular s... |
NAT traversal Techniques NAT_traversal > Techniques Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a standardized set of methods and a network protocol for NAT hole punching. It was designed for UDP but was also extended to TCP. Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a relay protocol designed specifically for NAT t... |
Applications architecture Summary Applications_architecture A migration plan can then be drawn up for systems which are at the end of the software life cycle or which have inherent technological risks, a potential to disrupt the business as a consequence of a technological failure. Applications architecture tries to en... |
Douglas Hartree Manchester years Douglas_Hartree > Manchester years Results with exchange soon followed. Douglas recognised the importance of configuration interaction that he referred to as "superposition of configurations". The first multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock results were published by father, son, and Bertha Sw... |
Essential matrix Derivation and definition Essential_matrix > Derivation and definition Another consequence of the normalized cameras is that their respective coordinate systems are related by means of a translation and rotation. This implies that the two sets of 3D coordinates are related as x ~ ′ = R ( x ~ − t ) {\di... |
Internet Architecture Board Responsibilities Internet_Architecture_Board > Responsibilities The IAB's current responsibilities include: Architectural Oversight: The IAB provides oversight of, and occasional commentary on, aspects of the architecture for the network protocols and procedures used by the Internet. Standar... |
ASL name sign Frames ASL_name_sign > Morphology > Frames Frames are a morphological device that may be unique to sign languages (Liddell 2004). They are incomplete sets of the features which make up signs, and they combine with existing signs, absorbing features from them to form a derived sign. It is the frame which s... |
Rail energy storage Renewable energy Gravitational_potential_energy_storage > Applications > Grid electricity and power stations > Renewable energy If wind or solar generation exceeds the region's hydroelectric capacity, then some additional source of energy is needed. Many renewable energy sources (notably solar and w... |
Anticipatory science Trend analysis Futures_techniques > Trend analysis Short term forecasting seems quite simple; it becomes more complex when the trend is extrapolated further into the future, as the number of dynamic forces that can change direction of the trend increases. This form of simple trend extrapolation hel... |
Darmstadtium Chemical Darmstadtium > Predicted properties > Chemical In comparison, only platinum is known to show the maximum oxidation state in the group, +6, while the most stable state is +2 for both nickel and palladium. It is further expected that the maximum oxidation states of elements from bohrium (element 107... |
Metric symbol International System of Units Metric_symbol > Common metric systems > International System of Units At that time, the metre was redefined in terms of the wavelength of a spectral line of the krypton-86 atom (krypton-86 being a stable isotope of an inert gas that occurs in undetectable or trace amounts nat... |
Second order Fresnel lens Design Second_order_Fresnel_lens > Design In some lenses, the curved surfaces are replaced with flat surfaces, with a different angle in each section. Such a lens can be regarded as an array of prisms arranged in a circular fashion with steeper prisms on the edges and a flat or slightly convex... |
Monte Carlo Simulation Engineering Monte_Carlo_sampling > Applications > Engineering In geostatistics and geometallurgy, Monte Carlo methods underpin the design of mineral processing flowsheets and contribute to quantitative risk analysis. In fluid dynamics, in particular rarefied gas dynamics, where the Boltzmann equa... |
Corpuscular theory Polarization Corpuscle_theory_of_light > Polarization At that time polarization was considered proof of the particle theory. Nowadays, polarisation is considered a property of waves and may only manifest in transverse waves. Longitudinal waves may not be polarised. |
Long non-coding RNA Imprinting Long_non-coding_RNA > Functions > In epigenetic regulation > Imprinting Transgenic mice with truncated Kcnq1ot fail to silence the adjacent genes, suggesting that Kcnqot1 is crucial to the imprinting of genes on the paternal chromosome. It appears that Kcnqot1 is able to direct the trimet... |
Prefetch input queue Introduction Prefetch_input_queue > Introduction Pipelining was brought to the forefront of computing architecture design during the 1960s due to the need for faster and more efficient computing. Pipelining is the broader concept and most modern processors load their instructions some clock cycles ... |
Knower paradox Formulation Knower_paradox > Formulation The notion of knowledge seems to be governed by the principle that knowledge is factive: (KF): If the sentence ' P ' is known, then P(where we use single quotes to refer to the linguistic expression inside the quotes and where 'is known' is short for 'is known by ... |
Fibrosis Liver Fibrosis > Anatomical location > Liver Bridging fibrosis An advanced stage of liver fibrosis seen in the progressive form of chronic liver diseases. The term “bridging” means ‘the formation of “bridge” (by the band of mature & thick fibrous tissue) obliterating portal area to central vein’, leads to the ... |
Price elasticity of supply Types of price elasticity of supply Price_elasticity_of_supply > Types of price elasticity of supply This can be the case where there is a limited quantity of supply, for example, if there is only 200 of a certain product made and there will never be any more made, there will be no increase o... |
Electric switchboard Components Electric_switchboard > Components In a modern switchboard, the operator is protected from electrical injury by metal-enclosed circuit breakers, switches, and fuses. There may also be instruments and controls for the supply of electricity to the switchboard. For example, a switchboard for... |
Circle–ellipse problem Convert the Circle into an Ellipse Circle–ellipse_problem > Possible solutions > Change the model > Convert the Circle into an Ellipse If Circle.stretchX is called, then Circle changes itself into an Ellipse. For example, in Common Lisp, this can be done via the CHANGE-CLASS method. This may be d... |
Producer–consumer problem Summary Bounded-buffer_problem In computing, the producer-consumer problem (also known as the bounded-buffer problem) is a family of problems described by Edsger W. Dijkstra since 1965. Dijkstra found the solution for the producer-consumer problem as he worked as a consultant for the Electrolo... |
Immune network theory The symmetrical immune network theory Immune_network_theory > The symmetrical immune network theory Tabs are able to exert a powerful suppressive effect on the production of IgG antibodies in response to foreign substances (antigens), as was demonstrated rigorously by Takemori and Tada. Hoffmann a... |
Eötvös rule History Eötvös_rule > History John Lennard-Jones and Corner published (1940) a derivation of the equation by means of statistical mechanics. In 1945 E. A. Guggenheim gave a further improved variant of the equation. == References == |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers History Discovery_and_development_of_beta-blockers > Development > History The β-blockers are an immensely important class of drugs due to their high prevalence of use. The discovery of β-blockers reaches back to more than 100 years ago, when early investigators came up with t... |
Oxo process Steric effects Oxo_process > Mechanism > Steric effects Markovnikov's rule addition of the cobalt hydride to primary alkenes is disfavored by steric hindrance between the cobalt centre and the secondary alkyl ligand. Bulky ligands exacerbate this steric hindrance. Hence, the mixed carbonyl/phosphine complex... |
Soft heap Summary Soft_heap In computer science, a soft heap is a variant on the simple heap data structure that has constant amortized time complexity for 5 types of operations. This is achieved by carefully "corrupting" (increasing) the keys of at most a constant number of values in the heap. |
The Hallmarks of Cancer List of hallmarks The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer > List of hallmarks If they can't be repaired, they commit programmed cell death (apoptosis). They can only divide a limited number of times. They are part of a tissue structure, and remain where they belong. |
Refractometer Automatic Refractometer > Automatic Automatic refractometers automatically measure the refractive index of a sample. The automatic measurement of the refractive index of the sample is based on the determination of the critical angle of total reflection. A light source, usually a long-life LED, is focused ... |
List of mathematical functions Miscellaneous functions List_of_mathematical_functions > Special functions > Miscellaneous functions Kronecker delta function: is a function of two variables, usually integers, which is 1 if they are equal, and 0 otherwise. Minkowski's question mark function: Derivatives vanish on the rat... |
Gal operon Mechanism Gal_operon > Mechanism The unlinked galR gene encodes the repressor for this system. A tetrameric GalR repressor binds to 2 operators, one located at +55 and one located at -60 relative to the PG1 start site. Looping of the DNA blocks the access of RNA polymerase to promoters and/or inhibits format... |
History of tuberculosis Books History_of_tuberculosis > References > Books Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-0761316244. Zysk, Kenneth G. |
Control Engineering History Control_engineer > History Automatic control systems were first developed over two thousand years ago. The first feedback control device on record is thought to be the ancient Ktesibios's water clock in Alexandria, Egypt, around the third century BCE. It kept time by regulating the water lev... |
Oxidation catalysis Challenges Catalytic_oxidation > Challenges The foremost challenge in catalytic oxidation is the conversion of methane to methanol. Most methane is stranded, i.e. not located near metropolitan areas. Consequently, it is flared (converted to carbon dioxide). |
Auerbach's plexus Role in CNS disorders Myenteric_plexus > Clinical significance > Role in CNS disorders Because the ENS is known as the "brain of the gut", due to its similarities with the CNS, researchers have been using colonic biopsies of Parkinson's patients to help better understand and manage Parkinson's disease... |
DREF friction spinning Summary DREF_friction_spinning Friction spinning or DREF spinning is a textile technology that is suitable for spinning coarse counts of yarns and technical core-wrapped yarns. DREF yarns are bulky with low tensile strength, making them suitable for blankets and mop yarns. They can be spun from a... |
Cas di torto House layout Cas_di_torto > Construction and material > House layout The water was sourced from small lakes called tanki's, which collected rainwater. The kitchen was equipped with a fireplace located against the western wall of the extension. This fireplace featured a raised fire pit, about 85 centimetres... |
Histogram of oriented displacements Summary Histogram_of_oriented_displacements Histogram of Oriented Displacements (HOD) is a 2D trajectory descriptor. The trajectory is described using a histogram of the directions between each two consecutive points. Given a trajectory T = {P1, P2, P3, ..., Pn}, where Pt is the 2D p... |
M1 protein Summary M1_protein The M1 protein is a matrix protein of the influenza virus. It forms a coat inside the viral envelope. This is a bifunctional membrane/RNA-binding protein that mediates the encapsidation of nucleoprotein cores into the membrane envelope. |
Linnett Double-Quartet Theory Example: molecular oxygen Linnett_Double-Quartet_Theory > Examples of the application of the theory > Example: molecular oxygen Linnett postulated that this electronic arrangement reduces the magnitude of the inter-electronic repulsions in comparison with the case where the two spin sets h... |
Fluid and crystallized intelligence Matrix Reasoning Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence > Measurement of fluid intelligence > Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fourth Edition > Matrix Reasoning Matrix Reasoning also assesses this ability as well as the ability to start with stated rules, premises, or conditio... |
Automation Significant applications Automatic_control > History > Significant applications Before automation, many chemicals were made in batches. In 1930, with the widespread use of instruments and the emerging use of controllers, the founder of Dow Chemical Co. was advocating continuous production.Self-acting machine... |
Generalized Bernoulli number Early history Bernoulli_Numbers > History > Early history In the West Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) of England, Johann Faulhaber (1580–1635) of Germany, Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665) and fellow French mathematician Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) all played important roles. Thomas Harriot seems to ha... |
Modern chemistry Energy Modern_chemistry > Modern principles > Energy Thus, because vibrational and rotational energy levels are more closely spaced than electronic energy levels, heat is more easily transferred between substances relative to light or other forms of electronic energy. For example, ultraviolet electroma... |
Project Mathematics! The Theorem of Pythagoras Project_Mathematics! > Video module descriptions > The Theorem of Pythagoras A clay tablet shows that the Babylonians knew of Pythagorean triples 1200 years before Pythagoras, but nobody knows if they knew the more-general Pythagorean theorem. The Chinese proof uses four s... |
Spectral sequences The spectral sequence of a double complex Spectral_sequence > Constructions of spectral sequences > The spectral sequence of a double complex {\displaystyle {}^{I}E_{p,q}^{2}=H_{p}^{I}(H_{q}^{II}(C_{\bullet ,\bullet })).} Using the other filtration gives us a different spectral sequence with a simila... |
Dominant function Dominant chords Dominant_function > Dominant chords These chords may also appear as seventh chords: typically as a dominant seventh chord, but occasionally in minor as a minor seventh chord v7 with passing function: As defined by the 19th century musicologist Joseph Fétis, the dominante was a seventh ... |
Positive definite kernel History Positive_definite_kernel > History He therefore defined a continuous real symmetric kernel K ( s , t ) {\displaystyle K(s,t)} to be of positive type (i.e. positive-definite) if J ( x ) ≥ 0 {\displaystyle J(x)\geq 0} for all real continuous functions x {\displaystyle x} on {\displaystyl... |
Kinetic temperature Bibliography of cited references Kinetic_temperature > Notes and references > Bibliography of cited references Temperature, Academic Press, London, ISBN 0-12-569680-9. Schooley, J.F. (1986). |
Social inclusion Individual exclusion Social_inclusion > Individual exclusion Cantor also discusses employer concern about the excessively high cost of accommodating people with disabilities. The marginalization of individuals with disabilities is prevalent today, despite the legislation intended to prevent it in most ... |
Lung arteries Summary Lung_arteries A number of occupational lung diseases can be caused by substances such as coal dust, asbestos fibres, and crystalline silica dust. Diseases such as bronchitis can also affect the respiratory tract. Medical terms related to the lung often begin with pulmo-, from the Latin pulmonarius... |
Classical genetics Overview Classical_genetics > Overview Genes are a fundamental part of DNA that is aligned linearly on a eukaryotic chromosome. Chemical information that is transported and encoded by each gene is referred to as a trait. Many organisms possess two genes for each individual trait that is present withi... |
Resistors in series Carbon pile Resistors_in_series > Fixed resistors > Carbon pile A carbon pile resistor is made of a stack of carbon disks compressed between two metal contact plates. Adjusting the clamping pressure changes the resistance between the plates. These resistors are used when an adjustable load is requir... |
RNA World Alternative hypotheses Peptide-RNA_world > Alternative hypotheses Sugar molecules, including ribose, have been found in meteorites. Panspermia does not invalidate the concept of an RNA world, but posits that this world or its precursors originated not on Earth but rather another, probably older, planet. The r... |
Regular Expression Expressive power and compactness Regular_Expressions > Formal language theory > Expressive power and compactness For instance, determining the validity of a given ISBN requires computing the modulus of the integer base 11, and can be easily implemented with an 11-state DFA. However, a regular express... |
Outgroup (cladistics) History Outgroup_(cladistics) > History Although the concept of outgroups has been in use from the earliest days of cladistics, the term "outgroup" is thought to have been coined in the early 1970s at the American Museum of Natural History. Prior to the advent of the term, various other terms were... |
Recursive InterNetwork Architecture Naming, addressing, routing, mobility and multihoming Recursive_InterNetwork_Architecture > Overview > Naming, addressing, routing, mobility and multihoming A node can be connected to a pair of attachment points and should be able to move between them without losing its identity in t... |
Electrochemical reduction Spontaneity of redox reaction Electrochemical_reactions > Spontaneity of redox reaction It can be used to calculate the maximum possible electrical energy that could be obtained from a chemical reaction. This energy is referred to as electrical work and is expressed by the following equation: ... |
Fair river sharing Cooperation when countries are non-satiable Fair_river_sharing > Stable monetary transfers > Cooperation when countries are non-satiable Moreover, the aspiration level of each coalition of countries is the highest utility-level it could attain in the absence of the other countries. This implies an up... |
Symbiodinium Intracellular symbionts Symbiodinium > Intracellular symbionts This membrane probably undergoes some modification to its protein content, which functions to limit or prevent phago-lysosome fusion. The vacuole structure containing the symbiont is therefore termed the symbiosome. A single symbiont cell occup... |
Catoptric tessellation Symmetry Catoptric_tessellation > Symmetry These four symmetry groups are labeled as: |
Bora (Australian) Bora grounds and mythology Bora_(Australian) > Bora grounds and mythology The former was a more public space while the latter was sacred, and restricted to male participants who were either the instructing male elders or the initiants.In south-east Australia, the Bora is often associated with the crea... |
Constant speed propeller Constant-speed propellers Propeller_governor > Mechanisms > Constant-speed propellers A constant-speed propeller is a variable-pitch propeller that automatically changes its blade pitch in order to maintain a chosen rotational speed, regardless of the operational conditions of the aircraft. Thi... |
Glutamate receptor Parkinson's disease (Parkinsonism) Glutamate_receptor > Conditions with demonstrated associations to glutamate receptors > Parkinson's disease (Parkinsonism) Late onset neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, may be partially due to glutamate binding NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. In... |
Undecidable problem Examples of undecidable problems Undecidable_problem > Examples of undecidable problems Undecidable problems can be related to different topics, such as logic, abstract machines or topology. Since there are uncountably many undecidable problems, any list, even one of infinite length, is necessarily ... |
139 (number) In mathematics 139_(number) > In mathematics 139 is the 34th prime number. It is a twin prime with 137. Because 141 is a semiprime, 139 is a Chen prime. 139 is the smallest prime before a prime gap of length 10.This number is the sum of five consecutive prime numbers (19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37). |
HMG CoA reductase Hormones HMG-CoA_reductase > Inhibitors > Hormones HMG-CoA reductase is active when blood glucose is high. The basic functions of insulin and glucagon are to maintain glucose homeostasis. Thus, in controlling blood sugar levels, they indirectly affect the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, but a decrease ... |
Zassenhaus lemma Resources Zassenhaus_lemma > Resources ), Springer-Verlag, pp. 20–21, ISBN 978-0-387-95385-4. |
Open pond Photobioreactors Open_pond > Growing, harvesting, and processing algae > Methods > Photobioreactors The grower provides sterilized water, nutrients, air, and carbon dioxide at the correct rates. This allows the reactor to operate for long periods. An advantage is that algae that grows in the "log phase" is ge... |
Deep linguistic processing Summary Deep_linguistic_processing The knowledge-intensive approach of deep linguistic processing requires considerable computational power, and has in the past sometimes been judged as being intractable. However, research in the early 2000s had made considerable advancement in efficiency of ... |
Steel arch bridge Construction sequence Steel_arch_bridge > Construction sequence When the arches are almost complete a jacking bridge is placed over or beneath the gap to force the arches apart, whence the final section is constructed in place or lifted into position. In some cases, this type of arch has been created ... |
Optic nerve Disease Optic_nerve > Clinical significance > Disease Optic nerve hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of the optic nerve resulting in little to no vision in the affected eye. Tumors, especially those of the pituitary gland, can put pressure on the optic nerve causing various forms of visual loss. Similarly, ... |
Semantic compaction Usage and Learnability Semantic_compaction > Usage and Learnability A follow-up study found that icon prediction, in which the options available for selection are highlighted, did not help children to locate vocabulary more accurately, but there was some evidence that the use of icon prediction may ... |
Spin move Revolution Spin_(geometry) > Astronomy > Revolution While revolution is often used as a synonym for rotation, in many fields, particularly astronomy and related fields, revolution, often referred to as orbital revolution for clarity, is used when one body moves around another while rotation is used to mean th... |
Problem structuring methods Types of situations that call for PSMs Problem_structuring_methods > Types of situations that call for PSMs In discussions of problem structuring methods, it is common to distinguish between two different types of situations that could be considered to be problems. Rittel and Webber's distin... |
Whole-cell vaccine Whole-cell Pneumococcal vaccine Whole-cell_vaccine > Whole-cell Pneumococcal vaccine The whole-cell pneumococcal vaccine consisted of inactive Streptococcus pneumonia RM200 cells and was the first whole-cell vaccine used against S.pneumoniae. In 2012, Phase-I studies were conducted by combining the w... |
Malware analysis Stages Malware_analysis > Stages Examining malicious software involves several stages, including, but not limited to the following: Manual Code Reversing Interactive Behavior Analysis Static Properties Analysis Fully-Automated Analysis == References == |
Drift current Overview Drift_current > Overview Drift current is the electric current caused by particles getting pulled by an electric field. The term is most commonly used in the context of electrons and holes in semiconductors, although the same concept also applies to metals, electrolytes, and so on. Drift current ... |
C1 and P1 Summary C1_and_P1 The C1 and P1 (also called the P100) are two human scalp-recorded event-related brain potential (event-related potential (ERP)) components, collected by means of a technique called electroencephalography (EEG). The C1 is named so because it was the first component in a series of components f... |
Back titration Miscellaneous Volumetric_analysis > Particular uses > Miscellaneous Karl Fischer titration: A potentiometric method to analyze trace amounts of water in a substance. A sample is dissolved in methanol, and titrated with Karl Fischer reagent(consists of iodine, sulfur dioxide, a base and a solvent, such as... |
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