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Dynamic optimality Mehlhorn's approximation algorithm Optimal_binary_search_tree > Static optimality > Mehlhorn's approximation algorithm While the O(n2) time taken by Knuth's algorithm is substantially better than the exponential time required for a brute-force search, it is still too slow to be practical when the num... |
Lightweight blockchain Summary Lightweight_blockchain A lightweight blockchain is a simplified blockchain enabling trustless, secure data transactions between nodes. A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. To ensure each new... |
Spherical wave transformation Relation to electrodynamics Spherical_wave_transformation > Transformation by reciprocal radii > Relation to electrodynamics This group of transformations has been discussed by S. Lie; it is the group of transformations which transform lines of curvature on a surface enveloped by spherical... |
Matrix transpose Transposes of linear maps and bilinear forms Transposed_matrix > Transposes of linear maps and bilinear forms As the main use of matrices is to represent linear maps between finite-dimensional vector spaces, the transpose is an operation on matrices that may be seen as the representation of some operat... |
Flywheel storage power system Power grid frequency control Flywheel_storage_power_system > Application examples > Power grid frequency control The plant originates from the Jülich Stornetic GmbH. The system consists of 28 flywheels and has a capacity of 100 kWh and a capacity of 600 kilovolt-amperes (kVA). The flywheel... |
Split gene theory Origin of introns/split genes Split_gene_theory > Testing the hypothesis > Origin of introns/split genes Moreover, the random distribution also displays a cutoff at 600 nucleotides, which suggests that the maximum size for an early polypeptide was 200 residues, again as observed in the maximum size of... |
Social peer-to-peer processes Capitalism Social_peer-to-peer_processes > In the economy > Capitalism There are two important aspects to the emergence of P2P in the economic sphere. On the one hand, as a format for peer production processes, it is emerging as a 'third mode of production' based on the cooperation of auto... |
ST-124-M3 inertial platform Internal details ST-124-M3_inertial_platform > Internal details One measured any rotations about the X axis, one about the Y, and one about the Z axis. They generated signals that were shaped in feedback circuits and sent back to torquers on the inner, middle and outer gimbals that exactly c... |
COQ7 Nuclear function COQ7 > Nuclear function CLK-1 and COQ7 predominantly localise to mitochondria to participate in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway which is found there. However, a small pool of CLK-1 and COQ7 translocates to the nucleus in response to the production of ROS by normally functioning mitochondria in... |
General anxiety disorder Motivational interviewing Generalized_anxiety_disorder > Treatment > Psychotherapy > Motivational interviewing A promising innovative approach to improving recovery rates for the treatment of GAD is to combine CBT with motivational interviewing (MI). Motivational interviewing is a strategy cent... |
Treble-cut filter Examples Treble-cut_filter > Examples Examples of low-pass filters occur in acoustics, optics and electronics. A stiff physical barrier tends to reflect higher sound frequencies, acting as an acoustic low-pass filter for transmitting sound. When music is playing in another room, the low notes are easi... |
William B. Tolman Early life and education William_B._Tolman > Early life and education in chemistry in 1987.He then conducted his postdoc in the laboratory of Prof. Stephen J. Lippard at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with the support of a fellowship from the American Cancer Society. With Prof. Lippard, Tol... |
Lists of mathematics topics Information theory and signal processing Lists_of_mathematics_topics > Areas of advanced mathematics > Applied mathematics > Information theory and signal processing Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and Social science involving the quantification of information. Historic... |
Oriented plane segment Geometric interpretation Bivector > Three dimensions > Geometric interpretation Like vectors these have magnitudes |A · B| = |A| |B| cos θ and |A × B| = |A| |B| sin θ, where θ is the angle between the planes. In three dimensions it is the same as the angle between the normal vectors dual to the p... |
Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy Summary Inelastic_electron_tunneling_spectroscopy Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) is an experimental tool for studying the vibrations of molecular adsorbates on metal oxides. It yields vibrational spectra of the adsorbates with high resolution (< 0.5 meV) and h... |
Parthenogenesis Gynogenesis Parthenogenesis > Similar phenomena > Gynogenesis Some salamanders of the genus Ambystoma are gynogenetic and appear to have been so for over a million years. It is believed that the success of those salamanders may be due to rare fertilization of eggs by males, introducing new material to t... |
Insoluble group Non-example Insoluble_group > Examples > Non-example The group S5 is not solvable — it has a composition series {E, A5, S5} (and the Jordan–Hölder theorem states that every other composition series is equivalent to that one), giving factor groups isomorphic to A5 and C2; and A5 is not abelian. Generaliz... |
Riemann integrability Riemann sum Lebesgue_integrability_condition > Definition > Riemann sum Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval . The Riemann sum of f with respect to the tagged partition x0, ..., xn together with t0, ..., tn − 1 is Each term in the sum is the product of the value of the function ... |
Greedy algorithm Matroids Greedy_algorithm > Theory > Matroids A matroid is a mathematical structure that generalizes the notion of linear independence from vector spaces to arbitrary sets. If an optimization problem has the structure of a matroid, then the appropriate greedy algorithm will solve it optimally. |
Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid Synthesis Gamma-carboxyglutamic_acid > Synthesis In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. The reaction intermediate is a γ-glutamyl carbanion. This reaction is catalyzed by a carboxylase that requires vitamin K ... |
Transistor–transistor logic Summary Transistor-transistor_logic Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a logic family built from bipolar junction transistors. Its name signifies that transistors perform both the logic function (the first "transistor") and the amplifying function (the second "transistor"), as opposed to e... |
Amortization schedule Methods of amortization Amortization_schedule > Methods of amortization There are different methods used to develop an amortization schedule. These include: Straight line (linear) Declining balance Annuity Bullet (all at once) Balloon (amortization payments and large end payment) Increasing balanc... |
MRNA translation Basic mechanisms Peptide_chain_elongation,_translational > Basic mechanisms Initiation involves the small subunit of the ribosome binding to the 5' end of mRNA with the help of initiation factors (IF). In bacteria and a minority of archaea, initiation of protein synthesis involves the recognition of a ... |
Useable Human processor model Useable > Evaluation methods > Cognitive modeling methods > Human processor model Sometimes it is useful to break a task down and analyze each individual aspect separately. This helps the tester locate specific areas for improvement. To do this, it is necessary to understand how the human ... |
Characteristic vector analysis Software/source code Principal_components > Software/source code mlpack – Provides an implementation of principal component analysis in C++. mrmath - A high performance math library for Delphi and FreePascal can perform PCA; including robust variants. NAG Library – Principal components an... |
Psychoneuroimmunology Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Psychoneuroimmunology > Psychoneuroimmunological effects > Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Central mediated since peripheral administration of CRH antagonist does not affect immunosuppression. HPA axis/stress axis responds consistently to stressors that ... |
Turing machine equivalents Wang machines Turing_machine_equivalents > Tape-based Turing machines > Single-tape machines with restricted symbols and/or restricted instructions > Wang machines In this case the tapes would be left-ended, each end marked with a single "mark" to indicate the end. He was able to reduce this ... |
Homogeneous transformation matrix Uses Matrix_transformations > Uses Matrices allow arbitrary linear transformations to be displayed in a consistent format, suitable for computation. This also allows transformations to be composed easily (by multiplying their matrices). Linear transformations are not the only ones that... |
Speculative Store Bypass Disable Summary Speculative_Store_Bypass_Disable In the x86 architecture, the CPUID instruction (identified by a CPUID opcode) is a processor supplementary instruction (its name derived from CPU Identification) allowing software to discover details of the processor. It was introduced by Intel i... |
History of subatomic physics Higgs boson History_of_subatomic_physics > Physics goes to high energies > Higgs boson Dr. Peter Higgs was one of six physicists, working in three independent groups, who in 1964 invented the notion of the cosmic molasses, or Higgs field. The others were Tom Kibble of Imperial College, Lond... |
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 Activation Cytotoxic_T_cell > Activation T cells go through different stages, depending on the number of times they have been in contact with the antigen. In the first place, naïve T-lymphocytes are those cells that have not yet encountered an antigen in the thymus. Then, T-l... |
Word (unit) Summary Word_(computer_architecture) The largest possible address size, used to designate a location in memory, is typically a hardware word (here, "hardware word" means the full-sized natural word of the processor, as opposed to any other definition used). Documentation for older computers with fixed word ... |
Computer Numerical Control Summary Computer_numeric_control The program can be written by a person or, far more often, generated by graphical computer-aided design (CAD) or computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. In the case of 3D printers, the part to be printed is "sliced" before the instructions (or the program... |
Metal-organic compound Summary Metal-organic_compound Metal-organic compounds (jargon: metalorganics, metallo-organics) are a class of chemical compounds that contain metals and organic ligands, which confer solubility in organic solvents or volatility. Compounds with these properties find applications in materials sci... |
Two-level grammar Motivation and history Two-level_grammar > Motivation and history (See example below.) Programming languages have the analogous notions of typing and scoping. A compiler or interpreter for the language must recognize which uses of a variable belong together (refer to the same variable). |
Demodex mite D. folliculorum and D. brevis Demodex_mite > Notable species > D. folliculorum and D. brevis Each has a semitransparent, elongated body that consists of two fused segments. Eight short, segmented legs are attached to the first body segment. The body is covered with scales for anchoring itself in the hair f... |
VSEPR Theory Odd-electron molecules Valence_shell_electron_repulsion_theory > Odd-electron molecules The VSEPR theory can be extended to molecules with an odd number of electrons by treating the unpaired electron as a "half electron pair"—for example, Gillespie and Nyholm: 364–365 suggested that the decrease in the bon... |
Antipsychotic medication Mechanism of action Antipsychotic_drug > Mechanism of action Antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine tend to block dopamine D2 receptors in the dopaminergic pathways of the brain. This means that dopamine released in these pathways has less effect. Excess release of dopamine ... |
Brain metastasis Symptoms and signs Brain_metastasis > Symptoms and signs Because different parts of the brain are responsible for different functions, symptoms vary depending on the site of metastasis within the brain. However, brain metastases should be considered in any cancer patient who presents with neurological ... |
Lehmer random number generator Summary Park–Miller_random_number_generator The Lehmer random number generator (named after D. H. Lehmer), sometimes also referred to as the Park–Miller random number generator (after Stephen K. Park and Keith W. Miller), is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that operates in m... |
Quantitative social research Methodological assumptions Quantitative_social_research > Methodological assumptions A theory is a systematic explanation for the observations that relate to a particular aspect of social life. Concepts are the basic building blocks of theory and are abstract elements representing classes o... |
Postural hypotension Signs and symptoms Dizzy_spell > Signs and symptoms Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by symptoms that occur after standing (from lying or sitting), particularly when done rapidly. Many report lightheadedness (a feeling that one might be about to faint), sometimes severe, or even actual fain... |
Dimension Data Recognition Dimension_Data > Recognition In March 2013, Dimension Data was named as a Leader in the Green Quadrant® Sustainable Technology Services report by Verdantix. Dimension Data was named along with seven other companies as having a dedicated sustainability practice, a wide range of capabilities, a... |
Intuitionistic set theory Choice functions Intuitionistic_set_theory > Subtheories of ZF > Choice functions A collection of sets holding ω {\displaystyle \omega } and its elements and which is closed by taking indexed sums and products (see dependent type) is called Π Σ {\displaystyle \Pi \Sigma } -closed. While the ax... |
Island ecology Speciation Island_ecology > Ecological processes on islands > Speciation Darwin’s finches exhibited adaptive radiation by evolving different beak sizes to exploit the diversity of seeds present on the different islands. Because the distributions of these populations are limited by their island habitats, ... |
Coherent turbulent structure Characteristics Coherent_turbulent_structure > Characteristics For example, eddies dissipate energy by obtaining energy from the mean flow at large scales, and eventually dissipating it at the smallest scales. There is no such analogous exchange of energy between coherent structures, and an... |
Gene Disease Database Some use cases Gene_Disease_Database > Some use cases (2014). "Using 2-node hypergraph clustering coefficients to analyze disease-gene networks". Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics - BCB '14. |
Experimental evolution Synthetic biology Experimental_evolution > Modern > Synthetic biology Synthetic biology offers unique opportunities for experimental evolution, facilitating the interpretation of evolutionary changes by inserting genetic modules into host genomes and applying selection specifically targeting such... |
Discriminative model Contrast in approaches Discriminative_model > Contrast with generative model > Contrast in approaches Let's say we are given the m {\displaystyle m} class labels (classification) and n {\displaystyle n} feature variables, Y: { y 1 , y 2 , … , y m } , X: { x 1 , x 2 , … , x n } {\displaystyle Y:\{y_... |
Permutation pattern Computational complexity Permutation_pattern > Computational complexity There are several variants on the PPM problem, as surveyed by Bruner and Lackner. For example, if the match is required to consist of contiguous entries then the problem can be solved in polynomial time. A different natural vari... |
Structure mining Description Structure_mining > Description These are the ability to associate an XPath statement with any data pattern and sub statements with each data node in the data pattern, and the ability to mine the presence and count of any node or set of nodes within the document. As an example, if one were t... |
Head-driven phrase structure grammar Implementations Head-driven_phrase_structure_grammar > Implementations Large HPSG grammars of various languages are being developed in the Deep Linguistic Processing with HPSG Initiative (DELPH-IN). Wide-coverage grammars of English, German, and Japanese are available under an open-... |
Common proper motion E Field_star > E Compare solstice. escape velocity The minimum speed that must be achieved for a free, non-propelled object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body, i.e. to achieve an infinite distance from it; more generally, escape velocity is the speed at which the sum of an... |
Linked data structure Example in C Linked_data_structure > Common types of linked data structures > Linked lists > Example in C This is an example of the structure used for implementation of linked list in C: This is an example using typedefs: Note: A structure like this which contains a member that points to the same ... |
Electron carrier Terminal oxidases and reductases Electron_transport > Bacterial electron transport chains > Terminal oxidases and reductases When bacteria grow in aerobic environments, the terminal electron acceptor (O2) is reduced to water by an enzyme called an oxidase. When bacteria grow in anaerobic environments, ... |
Metabolic process Evolution Metabolic_reaction > Evolution These include the sequential addition of novel enzymes to a short ancestral pathway, the duplication and then divergence of entire pathways as well as the recruitment of pre-existing enzymes and their assembly into a novel reaction pathway. The relative importa... |
Quasi-Monte Carlo methods in finance Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods Quasi-Monte_Carlo_methods_in_finance > Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods In Fall 1994 Paskov wrote a Columbia University Computer Science Report which appeared in slightly modified form in 1997.In Fall 1995 Paskov and Traub published... |
USB communications Protocol layer USB_communications > Protocol layer The first byte is a packet identifier (PID) byte. The PID is actually 4 bits; the byte consists of the 4-bit PID followed by its bitwise complement. This redundancy helps detect errors. |
Radio transmitter design Removal of harmonics with filters Radio_transmitter_design > EMC matters > Spurious emissions > Harmonics > Removal of harmonics with filters In addition to the good design of the amplifier stages, the transmitter's output should be filtered with a low-pass filter to reduce the level of the har... |
Innate lymphoid cell Summary Type_1_innate_lymphoid_cell Characteristics allowing their differentiation from other immune cells include the regular lymphoid morphology, absence of rearranged antigen receptors found on T cells and B cells (due to the lack of the RAG gene), and phenotypic markers usually present on myelo... |
Multilevel Monte Carlo method Applications Multilevel_Monte_Carlo_method > Applications The first application of MLMC is attributed to Mike Giles, in the context of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for option pricing, however, earlier traces are found in the work of Heinrich in the context of parametric integra... |
Squircle Summary Squircle A squircle is a shape intermediate between a square and a circle. There are at least two definitions of "squircle" in use, the most common of which is based on the superellipse. The word "squircle" is a portmanteau of the words "square" and "circle". Squircles have been applied in design and o... |
Plastid terminal oxidase Chlororespiration and electron flux Plastid_terminal_oxidase > Function > Chlororespiration and electron flux The most confirmed function of plastid terminal oxidase in developed chloroplasts is its role in chlororespiration. In this process, NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH) reduces the quinone pool a... |
Genetic informatics BioCompute and BioCompute Objects Bioinformatics > Software and tools > BioCompute and BioCompute Objects Session leaders represented numerous branches of the FDA and NIH Institutes and Centers, non-profit entities including the Human Variome Project and the European Federation for Medical Informati... |
Calibration Standards required and accuracy Calibration > Basic calibration process > Standards required and accuracy If the calibration is performed at 100 units, the 1% standard would actually be anywhere between 99 and 101 units. The acceptable values of calibrations where the test equipment is at the 4:1 ratio woul... |
Protein bound Drug interactions Protein_bound > Impact of the altered protein binding > Drug interactions This is often explained as being due to the effect of phenylbutazone ejecting warfarin from its plasma protein, thus increasing the concentration of free warfarin and increasing its anticoagulant effect. However, t... |
Helen Longino Philosophical work Helen_Longino > Philosophical work Rather, the relevance of any particular data for any given hypothesis is decided by human beliefs and assumptions about what kinds of data can support what kinds of hypotheses. Moreover, even when the relevance of evidence is decided, there remains a l... |
Social immunity Summary Social_immunity Social immunity is any antiparasite defence mounted for the benefit of individuals other than the actor. For parasites, the frequent contact, high population density and low genetic variability makes social groups of organisms a promising target for infection: this has driven the... |
Fatigue Testing Test article Fatigue_Testing > Full scale fatigue tests > Test article Certification requires knowing and accounting for the complete load history that has been experienced by a test article. Using test articles that have previously been used for static proof testing have caused problems where overloads... |
Systematic errors Characterization Systematic_errors > Characterization In fact, it conceptualizes its basic uncertainty categories in these terms. Random error can be caused by unpredictable fluctuations in the readings of a measurement apparatus, or in the experimenter's interpretation of the instrumental reading; th... |
General equilibrium Stability General_equilibrium > Properties and characterization of general equilibrium > Stability In a typical general equilibrium model the prices that prevail "when the dust settles" are simply those that coordinate the demands of various consumers for various goods. But this raises the question ... |
Free convection Stack effect Convection_current > Examples and applications > Stack effect The Stack effect or chimney effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks, or other containers due to buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs due to a difference in indoor-to-outdoor air density resulting f... |
Bioinformatics workflow management systems Summary Bioinformatics_workflow_management_systems A bioinformatics workflow management system is a specialized form of workflow management system designed specifically to compose and execute a series of computational or data manipulation steps, or a workflow, that relate to b... |
Object Query Language Summary Object_Query_Language Object Query Language (OQL) is a query language standard for object-oriented databases modeled after SQL and developed by the Object Data Management Group (ODMG). Because of its overall complexity the complete OQL standard has not yet been fully implemented in any sof... |
Index of protein-related articles Summary Index_of_protein-related_articles Proteins are a class of biomolecules composed of amino acid chains. |
Kepler-444d Characteristics Kepler-444c > Characteristics This implies that small, including Earth-size, planets may have readily formed at earlier epochs in the Universe's history when metals were more scarce. We report Kepler spacecraft observations of Kepler-444, a metal-poor Sun-like star from the old population of... |
Coding sequence Regulation Coding_DNA_sequence > Regulation The regulatory sequence will then determine the location and time that expression will occur for a protein coding region.RNA splicing ultimately determines what part of the sequence becomes translated and expressed, and this process involves cutting out intron... |
Academy of Technical Training Courses Academy_of_Technical_Training > Courses Along with class room studies a practical exercise on a simulated air accident is conducted. Marshalling & Signaling (Ramp Safety) course provides the students with knowledge to assuming their responsibilities as supervisor/manager in handlin... |
Proof theorist History Proof_theorist > History However, modified versions of Hilbert's program emerged and research has been carried out on related topics. This has led, in particular, to: Refinement of Gödel's result, particularly J. Barkley Rosser's refinement, weakening the above requirement of ω-consistency to sim... |
Post-order traversal Arbitrary trees Inorder_traversal > Types > Depth-first search > Arbitrary trees Also, in practice more than one of pre-order, post-order, and in-order operations may be required. For example, when inserting into a ternary tree, a pre-order operation is performed by comparing items. A post-order op... |
Euclidean quantum gravity Application in quantum mechanics Euclidean_quantum_gravity > Introduction in layperson's terms > Application in quantum mechanics In 1966 an explicitly gauge invariant functional-integral algorithm was found by DeWitt, which extended Feynman's new rules to all orders. What is appealing in this... |
ROHHAD Autonomic dysfunction treatment ROHHAD > Management > Autonomic dysfunction treatment This may require a cardiac pacemaker be placed in order to regulate heartbeat. Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation or diarrhea, are often treated on an as-needed basis with laxatives or dietary changes. It is also i... |
Non-linear least squares Calculation of the Jacobian by numerical approximation Non-linear_least_squares > Computation > Calculation of the Jacobian by numerical approximation There are models for which it is either very difficult or even impossible to derive analytical expressions for the elements of the Jacobian. The... |
Psychological development Mathematical models Child_psychologist > Mathematical models Dynamic systems models illustrate how many different features of a complex system may interact to yield emergent behaviors and abilities. Nonlinear dynamics has been applied to human systems specifically to address issues that requir... |
Transition metal catalyst Coloured compounds Transition_element > Characteristic properties > Coloured compounds The pattern of splitting of the d orbitals can be calculated using crystal field theory. The extent of the splitting depends on the particular metal, its oxidation state and the nature of the ligands. The ac... |
Darwin Lagrangian Interacting particles Darwin_Lagrangian > Lagrangian equations of motion > Interacting particles For interacting particles, the equation of motion becomes |
Discovery and development of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors Mechanism of action Discovery_and_development_of_gastrointestinal_lipase_inhibitors > Mechanism of action This results in a conformational change in the enzyme which causes exposing of the catalytic active site. When the active site is exposed, the hydroxy... |
Neural network Summary Neural_network For example, an acceptable range of output is usually between 0 and 1, or it could be −1 and 1. These artificial networks may be used for predictive modeling, adaptive control and applications where they can be trained via a dataset. Self-learning resulting from experience can occu... |
Statics Moment about a point Static_structure > Background > Moment of a force > Moment about a point f i 0 . . . f i j ) {\displaystyle F=\left({\begin{array}{cc}f_{00}&...&f_{0j}\\f_{01}&...&f_{1j}\\...&...&...\\f_{i0}&...&f_{ij}\\\end{array}}\right)} |
Soil Moisture Velocity Equation Physical significance Soil_Moisture_Velocity_Equation > Physical significance This term is responsible for the true advection of water through the soil under the combined influences of gravity and capillarity. As such, it is called the "advection-like" term. Neglecting gravity and the sc... |
Nonformal learning Contested definitions Nonformal_learning > Contested definitions This has learning both in a formal setting with a learning framework and as an organised event but within a qualification. "Non-formal learning: learning that is not provided by an education or training institution and typically does no... |
Digital network Wireless Data_networks > Network links > Wireless Communications satellites – Satellites also communicate via microwave. The satellites are stationed in space, typically in geosynchronous orbit 35,400 km (22,000 mi) above the equator. These Earth-orbiting systems are capable of receiving and relaying vo... |
Interatomic potential Non-parametric potentials Interatomic_potentials > Classes of interatomic potentials > Non-parametric potentials E {\displaystyle E} is a machine-learning model that provides a prediction for the energy of atom i {\displaystyle i} based on the descriptor output. An accurate machine-learning potent... |
Finite Element Analysis General form of the finite element method Finite_element > Discretization > General form of the finite element method If one combines these two refinement types, one obtains an hp-method (hp-FEM). In the hp-FEM, the polynomial degrees can vary from element to element. |
Intussusceptive angiogenesis Research Intussusceptive_angiogenesis > Research In a small study comparing the lungs of patients who had died from COVID-19 to those that had died from influenza A pneumonia (H1N1) to uninfected controls during autopsy; there was a significantly greater density of intussusceptive angiogeni... |
Gaussian Processes Summary Gaussian_Process In probability theory and statistics, a Gaussian process is a stochastic process (a collection of random variables indexed by time or space), such that every finite collection of those random variables has a multivariate normal distribution, i.e. every finite linear combinati... |
DNA extraction Quality control DNA_extraction > Quality control The DNA is loaded onto an agarose gel and then subjected to an electric field, which causes the DNA to migrate through the gel. The migration of the DNA can be visualized using ethidium bromide, which intercalates into the DNA and fluoresces under UV light... |
Interactionist dualism Causal Overdetermination Interactionist_dualism > Objections > Causal Overdetermination However, Vilanayur S. Ramachandran and William Hirstein (1997) argue that Occam's razor is not useful for scientific discovery. They exemplify the above with the discovery of relativity in physics, which was n... |
Neural scaling law Neural machine translation Neural_scaling_law > Examples > Other examples > Neural machine translation In contrast, models trained on target-original datasets achieve low loss and good BLEU score in tandem (Figure 10, 11 ).The authors hypothesize that source-natural datasets have uniform and dull tar... |
Thyroid hormone receptor THRA gene mutation Thyroid_hormone_receptor > Disease linkage > THRA gene mutation Due to the high TR-α1 expression in the heart, the cardiovascular system is highly affected by this condition. Additionally, thyroid hormone plays an important role in bone development. Thus, patients with this c... |
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