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question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
university of michigan school of public health ranking	[ "#4" ]	[ { "title": "University of Michigan School of Public Health", "text": "According to the US News & World Report's report on graduate programs, the University of Michigan School of Public Health was ranked as the #4 School of Public Health in the country and also had the #1 Healthcare Management program in the...	{ "title": "University of Michigan School of Public Health", "long_answer": "According to the US News & World Report's report on graduate programs, the University of Michigan School of Public Health was ranked as the #4 School of Public Health in the country and also had the #1 Healthcare Management program in the country in 2011.", "chunked_long_answer": "According to the US News & World Report's report on graduate programs, the University of Michigan School of Public Health was ranked as the #4 School of Public Health in the country and also had the #1 Healthcare Management program in the country in 2011.", "short_answers": [ "#4" ] }
who sings you are a magnet and i am steel	[ "Walter Egan" ]	[ { "title": "Walter Egan", "text": "Walter Egan (born July 12, 1948) is an American rock musician, best known for his 1978 gold status hit single \"Magnet and Steel\" from his second album release, Not Shy, produced by Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #...	{ "title": "Walter Egan", "long_answer": "Walter Egan (born July 12, 1948) is an American rock musician, best known for his 1978 gold status hit single \"Magnet and Steel\" from his second album release, Not Shy, produced by Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #18 on the Easy Listening chart. Overseas, it peaked at #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, Kent Music Report.", "chunked_long_answer": "Walter Egan (born July 12, 1948) is an American rock musician, best known for his 1978 gold status hit single \"Magnet and Steel\" from his second album release, Not Shy, produced by Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #18 on the Easy Listening chart. Overseas, it peaked at #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, Kent Music Report.", "short_answers": [ "Walter Egan" ] }
which was the first village of karnataka which declared independence	[ "Hyderabad" ]	[ { "title": "Unification of Karnataka", "text": "While Karnataka became independent with the rest of the country on 15 August 1947, this did not occur in some parts of the state that were under the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyderabad consisted of large portions of what were later to be the north easter...	{ "title": "Unification of Karnataka", "long_answer": "While Karnataka became independent with the rest of the country on 15 August 1947, this did not occur in some parts of the state that were under the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyderabad consisted of large portions of what were later to be the north eastern districts of Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur of Karnataka state. The Lingayat minority in these regions also largely believed that they had been neglected and resented the oppression of the Nizam and the Razakars. The Nizam refused to accede to India until his rule was overthrown by force. Following the 'police action' against the Nizam, Hyderabad province and its citizens became independent on 17 September 1948. This day is celebrated by the Karnataka government as the Hyderabad-Karnataka liberation day.", "chunked_long_answer": "While Karnataka became independent with the rest of the country on 15 August 1947, this did not occur in some parts of the state that were under the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyderabad consisted of large portions of what were later to be the north eastern districts of Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur of Karnataka state. The Lingayat minority in these regions also largely believed that they had been neglected and resented the oppression of the Nizam and the Razakars. The Nizam refused to accede to India until his rule was overthrown by force. Following the 'police action' against the Nizam, Hyderabad province and its citizens became independent on 17 September 1948. This day is celebrated by the Karnataka government as the Hyderabad-Karnataka liberation day.", "short_answers": [ "Hyderabad" ] }
who wrote i can feel at home in this world anymore	[ "Macon Blair" ]	[ { "title": "I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore", "text": "I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (often stylized I don't feel at home in this world anymore.) is a 2017 American comedy thriller film written and directed by Macon Blair in his directorial debut. It stars Melanie Lynskey, Elijah Wo...	{ "title": "I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore", "long_answer": "I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (often stylized I don't feel at home in this world anymore.) is a 2017 American comedy thriller film written and directed by Macon Blair in his directorial debut. It stars Melanie Lynskey, Elijah Wood, David Yow, Jane Levy and Devon Graye.", "chunked_long_answer": "I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (often stylized I don't feel at home in this world anymore.) is a 2017 American comedy thriller film written and directed by Macon Blair in his directorial debut. It stars Melanie Lynskey, Elijah Wood, David Yow, Jane Levy and Devon Graye.", "short_answers": [ "Macon Blair" ] }
where are antibodies made and by what type of lymphocyte	[ "B cells", "lymph" ]	[ { "title": "Lymphocyte", "text": "A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral...	{ "title": "Lymphocyte", "long_answer": "A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name \"lymphocyte\".", "chunked_long_answer": "A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name \"lymphocyte\".", "short_answers": [ "B cells", "lymph" ] }
explorer who led an early voyage to the coast of newfoundland	[ "Jacques Cartier" ]	[ { "title": "Jacques Cartier", "text": "Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during the 1530s.", "hasansw...	{ "title": "Jacques Cartier", "long_answer": "Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during the 1530s.", "chunked_long_answer": "Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during the 1530s.", "short_answers": [ "Jacques Cartier" ] }
where does the journey start in the canterbury tales	[ "London" ]	[ { "title": "The Canterbury Tales", "text": "In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, in 1389, Clerk of the King's work. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, The Canterbury Tales. The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in ...	{ "title": "The Canterbury Tales", "long_answer": "The Canterbury Tales (Middle English: Tales of Caunterbury) is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400. In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, in 1389, Clerk of the King's work. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, The Canterbury Tales. The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, in 1389, Clerk of the King's work. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, The Canterbury Tales. The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.", "short_answers": [ "London" ] }
where is the world's largest thermometer located	[ "Baker, California, USA", "Baker, California" ]	[ { "title": "World's tallest thermometer", "text": "The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913.", "hasanswer": true, ...	{ "title": "World's tallest thermometer", "long_answer": "The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913.", "chunked_long_answer": "The World's Tallest Thermometer is a landmark located in Baker, California, USA. It is an electric sign that commemorates the record 134 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) recorded in nearby Death Valley on July 10, 1913.", "short_answers": [ "Baker, California", "Baker, California, USA" ] }
where did the french immigrants settle in texas	[ "1685", "Arenosa Creek", "present-day southeastern Texas", "Matagorda Bay" ]	[ { "title": "French colonization of Texas", "text": "The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas. It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle. He intended to found the colony at the mout...	{ "title": "French colonization of Texas", "long_answer": "The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas. It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle. He intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to anchor instead 400 miles (640 km) to the west, off the coast of Texas. The colony survived until 1688. The present-day town of Inez is near the fort's site.", "chunked_long_answer": "The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas. It was established in 1685 near Arenosa Creek and Matagorda Bay by explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle. He intended to found the colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but inaccurate maps and navigational errors caused his ships to anchor instead 400 miles (640 km) to the west, off the coast of Texas. The colony survived until 1688. The present-day town of Inez is near the fort's site.", "short_answers": [ "1685", "Arenosa Creek", "Matagorda Bay", "present-day southeastern Texas" ] }
the complete collection of dna and genes is called	[ "genome", "chromosome" ]	[ { "title": "Gene", "text": "The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded. The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is ...	{ "title": "Gene", "long_answer": "The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded. The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus. Each locus contains one allele of a gene; however, members of a population may have different alleles at the locus, each with a slightly different gene sequence.", "chunked_long_answer": "The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded. The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus. Each locus contains one allele of a gene; however, members of a population may have different alleles at the locus, each with a slightly different gene sequence.", "short_answers": [ "chromosome", "genome" ] }
when is winter big brother going to start	[ "February 7, 2018" ]	[ { "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (U.S. TV series)", "text": "the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first...	{ "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (U.S. TV series)", "long_answer": "Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a spin-off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.", "chunked_long_answer": "the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017–18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.", "short_answers": [ "February 7, 2018" ] }
when does sloan come into grey's anatomy	[ "season two" ]	[ { "title": "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "Mark first appears in season two, introduced as a highly respected otolaryngologist sub-specialized in plastic surgery and the childhood best friend of neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). In his first appearance, he flirts with Meredith Grey, an...	{ "title": "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)", "long_answer": "Mark first appears in season two, introduced as a highly respected otolaryngologist sub-specialized in plastic surgery and the childhood best friend of neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). In his first appearance, he flirts with Meredith Grey, and Derek punches him in the face. Derek explains that Mark had an affair with his wife, Addison (Kate Walsh) while they were living in New York. Mark travels to Seattle, intent on convincing Addison to return with him, but his offer is rejected and Derek declines to renew their friendship. Mark returns during season three at Addison's drunken behest, but she again rejects him once sober. Undeterred, Mark sells his successful private practice (which he previously shared with Derek) and takes over the plastics program at Seattle Grace Hospital. During Meredith's morphine rampage, Mark finds out about his nickname McSteamy which was given to him by her during his first trip to Seattle back when he attempted to get Addison back and earn Derek's friendship back. It is later revealed that Mark has at some point slept with all of Derek's sisters. Mark has a brief fling with Addison's friend, orthopedic surgeon Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez), and develops a friendship with Derek's girlfriend, intern Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). It is revealed that after Derek left New York, Mark and Addison continued their relationship for two months, during which she conceived and aborted his child. Just weeks after moving to Seattle he quickly observes that Derek's true love was Meredith and tries to convince Addison that her marriage with Derek was over. Mark enters into a sixty-day abstinence pact with Addison, agreeing that if they can remain celibate for that time, Addison will give their relationship another chance. Addison ultimately breaks the pact by having sex with intern Alex Karev (Justin Chambers), and soon thereafter departs from Seattle to work in Los Angeles.", "chunked_long_answer": "Mark first appears in season two, introduced as a highly respected otolaryngologist sub-specialized in plastic surgery and the childhood best friend of neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). In his first appearance, he flirts with Meredith Grey, and Derek punches him in the face. Derek explains that Mark had an affair with his wife, Addison (Kate Walsh) while they were living in New York. Mark travels to Seattle, intent on convincing Addison to return with him, but his offer is rejected and Derek declines to renew their friendship. Mark returns during season three at Addison's drunken behest, but she again rejects", "short_answers": [ "season two" ] }
who does the voice of nelson on simpsons	[ "Nancy Jean Cartwright" ]	[ { "title": "Nancy Cartwright", "text": "Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress, voice actress and comedian, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Mu...	{ "title": "Nancy Cartwright", "long_answer": "Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress, voice actress and comedian, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney and Database.", "chunked_long_answer": "Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress, voice actress and comedian, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney and Database.", "short_answers": [ "Nancy Jean Cartwright" ] }
the most recent technological change to the u.s. economy was	[ "digitization of social systems", "the digitization of social systems" ]	[ { "title": "Digital Revolution", "text": "The motor of this incessant force of creative destruction is technological change. While the key carrier technology of the first Industrial Revolution (1770–1850) was based on water-powered mechanization, the second Kondratiev wave (1850–1900) was enabled by steam-p...	{ "title": "Digital Revolution", "long_answer": "The motor of this incessant force of creative destruction is technological change. While the key carrier technology of the first Industrial Revolution (1770–1850) was based on water-powered mechanization, the second Kondratiev wave (1850–1900) was enabled by steam-powered technology, the third (1900–1940) was characterized by the electrification of social and productive organization, the fourth by motorization and the automated mobilization of society (1940–1970), and the most recent one by the digitization of social systems. Each one of those so-called long waves has been characterized by a sustained period of social modernization, most notably by sustained periods of increasing economic productivity. According to Carlota Perez: \"this quantum jump in productivity can be seen as a technological revolution, which is made possible by the appearance in the general cost structure of a particular input that we could call the 'key factor', fulfilling the following conditions: (1) clearly perceived low-and descending-relative cost; (2) unlimited supply for all practical purposes; (3) potential all-pervasiveness; (4) a capacity to reduce the costs of capital, labour and products as well as to change them qualitatively\". Digital Information and Communication Technologies fulfill those requirements and therefore represent a general purpose technology that can transform an entire economy, leading to a modern, and more developed form of socio-economic and political organization often referred to as the post-industrial society, the fifth Kondratiev, Information society, digital age, and network society, among others.", "chunked_long_answer": "The motor of this incessant force of creative destruction is technological change. While the key carrier technology of the first Industrial Revolution (1770–1850) was based on water-powered mechanization, the second Kondratiev wave (1850–1900) was enabled by steam-powered technology, the third (1900–1940) was characterized by the electrification of social and productive organization, the fourth by motorization and the automated mobilization of society (1940–1970), and the most recent one by the digitization of social systems. Each one of those so-called long waves has been characterized by a sustained period of social modernization, most notably by sustained periods of increasing economic productivity. According", "short_answers": [ "digitization of social systems", "the digitization of social systems" ] }
the duluth model is an intervention program that emphasizes	[ "re-education" ]	[ { "title": "Duluth model", "text": "control. This is illustrated by the \"Power and Control Wheel,\" a graphic typically displayed as a poster in participating locations. According to the Duluth Model, \"women and children are vulnerable to violence because of their unequal social, economic, and political s...	{ "title": "Duluth model", "long_answer": "The feminist theory underlying the Duluth Model is that men use violence within relationships to exercise power and control. This is illustrated by the \"Power and Control Wheel,\" a graphic typically displayed as a poster in participating locations. According to the Duluth Model, \"women and children are vulnerable to violence because of their unequal social, economic, and political status in society.\" Treatment of abusive men is focused on re-education, as \"we do not see men’s violence against women as stemming from individual pathology, but rather from a socially reinforced sense of entitlement.\" The program's philosophy is intended to help batterers work to change their attitudes and personal behavior so they would learn to be nonviolent in any relationship.", "chunked_long_answer": "control. This is illustrated by the \"Power and Control Wheel,\" a graphic typically displayed as a poster in participating locations. According to the Duluth Model, \"women and children are vulnerable to violence because of their unequal social, economic, and political status in society.\" Treatment of abusive men is focused on re-education, as \"we do not see men’s violence against women as stemming from individual pathology, but rather from a socially reinforced sense of entitlement.\" The program's philosophy is intended to help batterers work to change their attitudes and personal behavior so they would learn to be nonviolent in any relationship.", "short_answers": [ "re-education" ] }
who has said that caste is a closed class	[ "Frederik Barth" ]	[ { "title": "Caste", "text": "Both ethnic affiliation (e.g. Pathan, Sindhi, Baloch, Punjabi, etc.) and membership of specific biraderis or zaat/quoms are additional integral components of social identity. Within the bounds of endogamy defined by the above parameters, close consanguineous unions are preferred...	{ "title": "Caste", "long_answer": "Both ethnic affiliation (e.g. Pathan, Sindhi, Baloch, Punjabi, etc.) and membership of specific biraderis or zaat/quoms are additional integral components of social identity. Within the bounds of endogamy defined by the above parameters, close consanguineous unions are preferred due to a congruence of key features of group- and individual-level background factors as well as affinities. McKim Marriott claims a social stratification that is hierarchical, closed, endogamous and hereditary is widely prevalent, particularly in western parts of Pakistan. Frederik Barth in his review of this system of social stratification in Pakistan suggested that these are castes.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "Both ethnic affiliation (e.g. Pathan, Sindhi, Baloch, Punjabi, etc.) and membership of specific biraderis or zaat/quoms are additional integral components of social identity. Within the bounds of endogamy defined by the above parameters, close consanguineous unions are preferred due to a congruence of key features of group- and individual-level background factors as well as affinities. McKim Marriott claims a social stratification that is hierarchical, closed, endogamous and hereditary is widely prevalent, particularly in western parts of Pakistan. Frederik Barth in his review of this system of social stratification in Pakistan suggested that these are castes.\n", "short_answers": [ "Frederik Barth" ] }
where did the battle of issus take place	[ "southern Anatolia", "in southern Anatolia" ]	[ { "title": "Battle of Issus", "text": "The Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, on November 5, 333 BC between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III, in the second great battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia. The invading Macedonian troops def...	{ "title": "Battle of Issus", "long_answer": "The Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, on November 5, 333 BC between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III, in the second great battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia. The invading Macedonian troops defeated Persia. After the Hellenic League soundly defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor (led by Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes) at the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal command of his army. He gathered reinforcements and led his men in a surprise march behind the Hellenic advance to cut their line of supply. This forced Alexander to countermarch, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and the town of Issus.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, on November 5, 333 BC between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III, in the second great battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia. The invading Macedonian troops defeated Persia. After the Hellenic League soundly defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor (led by Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes) at the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal command of his army. He gathered reinforcements and led his men in a surprise march behind the Hellenic advance to cut their line of supply. This", "short_answers": [ "in southern Anatolia", "southern Anatolia" ] }
what land mass was north america a part of about 300 million years ago	[ "Pangaea", "Pangaea or Pangea" ]	[ { "title": "Pangaea", "text": "Pangaea or Pangea ( /pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the pr...	{ "title": "Pangaea", "long_answer": "Pangaea or Pangea ( /pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a superocean, Panthalassa. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists.", "chunked_long_answer": "Pangaea or Pangea ( /pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a superocean, Panthalassa. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists.", "short_answers": [ "Pangaea", "Pangaea or Pangea" ] }
when does the new adventure time come out	[ "April 21, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Adventure Time (season 9)", "text": "The ninth and final season of Adventure Time, an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on April 21, 2017. It is set to conclude sometime in 2018. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Fre...	{ "title": "Adventure Time (season 9)", "long_answer": "The ninth and final season of Adventure Time, an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on April 21, 2017. It is set to conclude sometime in 2018. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The season will follow the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess.", "chunked_long_answer": "The ninth and final season of Adventure Time, an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on April 21, 2017. It is set to conclude sometime in 2018. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The season will follow the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice", "short_answers": [ "April 21, 2017" ] }
who discovered cells divide to make new cells	[ "Hugo von Mohl", "German botanist Hugo von Mohl" ]	[ { "title": "Cell division", "text": "A cell division under microscope was first discovered by German botanist Hugo von Mohl in 1835 as he worked over Green algae Cladophora glomerata.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, ...	{ "title": "Cell division", "long_answer": "A cell division under microscope was first discovered by German botanist Hugo von Mohl in 1835 as he worked over Green algae Cladophora glomerata.", "chunked_long_answer": "A cell division under microscope was first discovered by German botanist Hugo von Mohl in 1835 as he worked over Green algae Cladophora glomerata.", "short_answers": [ "German botanist Hugo von Mohl", "Hugo von Mohl" ] }
how old is baby in dirty dancing movie	[ "17-year-old", "17" ]	[ { "title": "Dirty Dancing", "text": "In the summer of 1963, 17-year-old Frances \"Baby\" Houseman (Jennifer Grey) is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's, a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby is the younger of two daughters, and plans to attend Mount Holyoke College to study economics in...	{ "title": "Dirty Dancing", "long_answer": "In the summer of 1963, 17-year-old Frances \"Baby\" Houseman (Jennifer Grey) is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's, a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby is the younger of two daughters, and plans to attend Mount Holyoke College to study economics in underdeveloped countries and then enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake (Jerry Orbach), is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman (Jack Weston), the resort proprietor. Baby is befriended by Max's grandson Neil (Lonny Price). Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze). Johnny is the leader of the resort's working-class entertainment staff. Baby encounters Johnny's cousin Billy on a walk through the resort grounds, and helps him carry watermelons to the staff quarters. The staff hold secret after-hours parties in their quarters, and Baby is surprised by the \"dirty dancing\" they engage in. Intrigued, Baby receives a brief, impromptu dance lesson from Johnny.", "chunked_long_answer": "In the summer of 1963, 17-year-old Frances \"Baby\" Houseman (Jennifer Grey) is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's, a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby is the younger of two daughters, and plans to attend Mount Holyoke College to study economics in underdeveloped countries and then enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake (Jerry Orbach), is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman (Jack Weston), the resort proprietor. Baby is befriended by Max's grandson Neil (Lonny Price). Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze). Johnny is the leader of the resort's working-class entertainment", "short_answers": [ "17", "17-year-old" ] }
during the great depression in the 1930s the u.s. economy experienced a	[ "economic recession", "recession", "an economic recession" ]	[ { "title": "Great Depression in the United States", "text": "The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession. Although the country spent two months with declining GDP, it was not until the Wall Street Crash in October 1929 that the effects of ...	{ "title": "Great Depression in the United States", "long_answer": "The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession. Although the country spent two months with declining GDP, it was not until the Wall Street Crash in October 1929 that the effects of a declining economy were felt, and a major worldwide economic downturn ensued. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement. Although its causes are still uncertain and controversial, the net effect was a sudden and general loss of confidence in the economic future. ", "chunked_long_answer": "The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession. Although the country spent two months with declining GDP, it was not until the Wall Street Crash in October 1929 that the effects of a declining economy were felt, and a major worldwide economic downturn ensued. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement. Although its causes are still uncertain and controversial, the net effect was a sudden and general loss of", "short_answers": [ "an economic recession", "economic recession", "recession" ] }
who wrote the song oh lord won't you buy me a mercedes benz	[ "Janis Joplin", "Bob Neuwirth", "Michael McClure" ]	[ { "title": "Mercedes Benz (song)", "text": "\"Mercedes Benz\" is an a cappella song written by singer Janis Joplin with the poets Michael McClure and Bob Neuwirth, and originally recorded by Joplin. In the song, the singer asks the Lord to prove His love for her by buying her a Mercedes-Benz, a color TV, a...	{ "title": "Mercedes Benz (song)", "long_answer": "\"Mercedes Benz\" is an a cappella song written by singer Janis Joplin with the poets Michael McClure and Bob Neuwirth, and originally recorded by Joplin. In the song, the singer asks the Lord to prove His love for her by buying her a Mercedes-Benz, a color TV, and a \"night on the town.\" There is also a reference to Dialing for Dollars, a franchised format local television program, which required one to be watching the show to win when the show called your phone number, hence the singer's need for a TV.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Mercedes Benz\" is an a cappella song written by singer Janis Joplin with the poets Michael McClure and Bob Neuwirth, and originally recorded by Joplin. In the song, the singer asks the Lord to prove His love for her by buying her a Mercedes-Benz, a color TV, and a \"night on the town.\" There is also a reference to Dialing for Dollars, a franchised format local television program, which required one to be watching the show to win when the show called your phone number, hence the singer's need for a TV.", "short_answers": [ "Bob Neuwirth", "Janis Joplin", "Michael McClure" ] }
when did the wave hill walk off end	[ "16 August 1975" ]	[ { "title": "Wave Hill walk-off", "text": "In 1975, the Labor government of Gough Whitlam finally negotiated with Vesteys to give the Gurindji back a portion of their land. This was a landmark in the land rights movement in Australia for Indigenous Australians. The handback took place on 16 August 1975 at Ka...	{ "title": "Wave Hill walk-off", "long_answer": "In 1975, the Labor government of Gough Whitlam finally negotiated with Vesteys to give the Gurindji back a portion of their land. This was a landmark in the land rights movement in Australia for Indigenous Australians. The handback took place on 16 August 1975 at Kalkaringi. Gough Whitlam addressed Vincent Lingiari and the Gurindji people, saying:", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1975, the Labor government of Gough Whitlam finally negotiated with Vesteys to give the Gurindji back a portion of their land. This was a landmark in the land rights movement in Australia for Indigenous Australians. The handback took place on 16 August 1975 at Kalkaringi. Gough Whitlam addressed Vincent Lingiari and the Gurindji people, saying:", "short_answers": [ "16 August 1975" ] }
when was the first epistle of john written	[ "AD 95–110", "probably written in Ephesus" ]	[ { "title": "First Epistle of John", "text": "is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was prob...	{ "title": "First Epistle of John", "long_answer": "The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come \"in the flesh\", but only as a spirit. It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love.", "chunked_long_answer": "is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come \"in the flesh\", but only as a spirit. It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love.", "short_answers": [ "AD 95–110", "probably written in Ephesus" ] }
who helped them recapture mycenae once they were old enough to fight	[ "Aegisthus" ]	[ { "title": "Agamemnon", "text": "Thyestes fathered Aegisthus with his own daughter, Pelopia, and this son vowed gruesome revenge on Atreus' children. Aegisthus successfully murdered Atreus and restored his father to the throne. Aegisthus took possession of the throne of Mycenae and jointly ruled with Thyest...	{ "title": "Agamemnon", "long_answer": "Atreus, Agamemnon's father, murdered the children of his twin brother Thyestes and fed them to Thyestes after discovering Thyestes' adultery with his wife Aerope. Thyestes fathered Aegisthus with his own daughter, Pelopia, and this son vowed gruesome revenge on Atreus' children. Aegisthus successfully murdered Atreus and restored his father to the throne. Aegisthus took possession of the throne of Mycenae and jointly ruled with Thyestes. During this period, Agamemnon and his brother, Menelaus, took refuge with Tyndareus, King of Sparta. There they respectively married Tyndareus' daughters Clytemnestra and Helen. Agamemnon and Clytemnestra had four children: one son, Orestes, and three daughters, Iphigenia, Electra and Chrysothemis. Menelaus succeeded Tyndareus in Sparta, while Agamemnon, with his brother's assistance, drove out Aegisthus and Thyestes to recover his father's kingdom. He extended his dominion by conquest and became the most powerful prince in Greece.", "chunked_long_answer": "Thyestes fathered Aegisthus with his own daughter, Pelopia, and this son vowed gruesome revenge on Atreus' children. Aegisthus successfully murdered Atreus and restored his father to the throne. Aegisthus took possession of the throne of Mycenae and jointly ruled with Thyestes. During this period, Agamemnon and his brother, Menelaus, took refuge with Tyndareus, King of Sparta. There they respectively married Tyndareus' daughters Clytemnestra and Helen. Agamemnon and Clytemnestra had four children: one son, Orestes, and three daughters, Iphigenia, Electra and Chrysothemis. Menelaus succeeded Tyndareus in Sparta, while Agamemnon, with his brother's assistance, drove out Aegisthus and Thyestes to recover his father's kingdom. ", "short_answers": [ "Aegisthus" ] }
who said i'll gladly pay you tuesday	[ "Wimpy" ]	[ { "title": "J. Wellington Wimpy", "text": "Hamburgers are Wimpy's all-time favorite food, and he is usually seen carrying or eating one or more at a time – e.g., in Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time – however, he is usually too cheap...	{ "title": "J. Wellington Wimpy", "long_answer": "Hamburgers are Wimpy's all-time favorite food, and he is usually seen carrying or eating one or more at a time – e.g., in Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time – however, he is usually too cheap to pay for them himself. A recurring joke involves Wimpy's attempts to con other patrons of the diner into buying his meal for him. His best-known catchphrase started in 1931 as, \"Cook me up a hamburger. I'll pay you Thursday.\" In 1932, this then became the famous, \"I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today.\" The phrase was also slightly altered in the episode \"Spree Lunch\" to \"I'll have a hamburger, for which I will gladly pay you Tuesday.\" This phrase is now commonly used to illustrate financial irresponsibility and still appears in modern comedies such as The Drew Carey Show and The Office. The initial part of the phrase was even the title of Episode 6 of the fourth season of Cheers \"I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "Hamburgers are Wimpy's all-time favorite food, and he is usually seen carrying or eating one or more at a time – e.g., in Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time – however, he is usually too cheap to pay for them himself. A recurring joke involves Wimpy's attempts to con other patrons of the diner into buying his meal for him. His best-known catchphrase started in 1931 as, \"Cook me up a hamburger. I'll pay you Thursday.\" In 1932, this then became the famous, \"I'll gladly pay you", "short_answers": [ "Wimpy" ] }
when was 13 reasons why released on netflix	[ "March 31, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "13 Reasons Why", "text": "Yorkey and Diana Son serve as showrunners on the series. The first season consists of thirteen episodes. The series is produced by July Moon Productions, Kicked to the Curb Productions, Anonymous Content and Paramount Television. Originally conceived as a film set to be...	{ "title": "13 Reasons Why", "long_answer": "Yorkey and Diana Son serve as showrunners on the series. The first season consists of thirteen episodes. The series is produced by July Moon Productions, Kicked to the Curb Productions, Anonymous Content and Paramount Television. Originally conceived as a film set to be released by Universal Pictures with Selena Gomez in the role of Hannah Baker, the adaptation was picked up as a television series by Netflix in late 2015. Gomez serves as an executive producer. The first season, and the special 13 Reasons Why: Beyond the Reasons, were released worldwide on Netflix on March 31, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "Yorkey and Diana Son serve as showrunners on the series. The first season consists of thirteen episodes. The series is produced by July Moon Productions, Kicked to the Curb Productions, Anonymous Content and Paramount Television. Originally conceived as a film set to be released by Universal Pictures with Selena Gomez in the role of Hannah Baker, the adaptation was picked up as a television series by Netflix in late 2015. Gomez serves as an executive producer. The first season, and the special 13 Reasons Why: Beyond the Reasons, were released worldwide on Netflix on March 31, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "March 31, 2017" ] }
when was the last time tug-of-war was an official olympic sport	[ "1920" ]	[ { "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for on...	{ "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "long_answer": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "chunked_long_answer": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "short_answers": [ "1920" ] }
the rule of the three rightly guided caliphs was called	[ "Rashidun", "the Rashidun", "The Rashidun Caliphs" ]	[ { "title": "Rashidun", "text": "The Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; Arabic: الخلفاء الراشدون‎ al-Khulafāʾu ar-Rāshidūn), often simply called, collectively, \"the Rashidun\", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of th...	{ "title": "Rashidun", "long_answer": "The Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; Arabic: الخلفاء الراشدون‎ al-Khulafāʾu ar-Rāshidūn), often simply called, collectively, \"the Rashidun\", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate. The concept of \"Rightly Guided Caliphs\" originated with the later Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad. It is a reference to the Sunni imperative \"Hold firmly to my example (sunnah) and that of the Rightly Guided Caliphs\" (Ibn Majah, Abu Dawood).", "chunked_long_answer": "The Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; Arabic: الخلفاء الراشدون‎ al-Khulafāʾu ar-Rāshidūn), often simply called, collectively, \"the Rashidun\", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate. The concept of \"Rightly Guided Caliphs\" originated with the later Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad. It is a reference to the Sunni imperative \"Hold firmly to my example (sunnah) and that of the Rightly Guided Caliphs\" (Ibn Majah, Abu Dawood).", "short_answers": [ "Rashidun", "The Rashidun Caliphs", "the Rashidun" ] }
how long is a whale shark in meters	[ "12.65 m", "estimated at 9.7 m", "9.7 m" ]	[ { "title": "Whale shark", "text": "The whale shark is the largest non-cetacean animal in the world. The average size of adult whale sharks is estimated at 9.7 m (31.82 ft) and 9 t (20,000 lb). Several specimens over 18 m (59.05 ft) in length have been reported. The largest verified specimen was caught on 1...	{ "title": "Whale shark", "long_answer": "The whale shark is the largest non-cetacean animal in the world. The average size of adult whale sharks is estimated at 9.7 m (31.82 ft) and 9 t (20,000 lb). Several specimens over 18 m (59.05 ft) in length have been reported. The largest verified specimen was caught on 11 November 1947, near Baba Island, in Karachi, Pakistan. It was 12.65 m (41.50 ft) long, weighed about 21.5 t (47,000 lb), and had a girth of 7 m (23.0 ft). Stories exist of vastly larger specimens – quoted lengths of 18 m (59 ft) and 45.5 t (100,000 lb) are common in the popular literature, but no scientific records support their existence. In 1868, the Irish natural scientist Edward Perceval Wright obtained several small whale shark specimens in the Seychelles, but claimed to have observed specimens in excess of 15 m (49.2 ft), and tells of shark specimens surpassing 21 m (68.9 ft).", "chunked_long_answer": "The whale shark is the largest non-cetacean animal in the world. The average size of adult whale sharks is estimated at 9.7 m (31.82 ft) and 9 t (20,000 lb). Several specimens over 18 m (59.05 ft) in length have been reported. The largest verified specimen was caught on 11 November 1947, near Baba Island, in Karachi, Pakistan. It was 12.65 m (41.50 ft) long, weighed about 21.5 t (47,000 lb), and had a girth of 7 m (23.0 ft). Stories exist of vastly larger specimens – quoted lengths of 18 m (59 ft) and 45.5 t (100,000 lb) are", "short_answers": [ "9.7 m", "estimated at 9.7 m" ] }
yeh hai mohabbatein serial star cast real name	[ "Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel" ]	[ { "title": "Ye Hai Mohabbatein", "text": "Ye Hai Mohabbatein (lit. This is love) is an Indian soap opera which first aired on Star Plus on 3 December 2013. It was created by Ekta Kapoor and is produced by her production company Balaji Telefilms. The show stars Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel.", "hasan...	{ "title": "Ye Hai Mohabbatein", "long_answer": "Ye Hai Mohabbatein (lit. This is love) is an Indian soap opera which first aired on Star Plus on 3 December 2013. It was created by Ekta Kapoor and is produced by her production company Balaji Telefilms. The show stars Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel.", "chunked_long_answer": "Ye Hai Mohabbatein (lit. This is love) is an Indian soap opera which first aired on Star Plus on 3 December 2013. It was created by Ekta Kapoor and is produced by her production company Balaji Telefilms. The show stars Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel.", "short_answers": [ "Divyanka Tripathi and Karan Patel" ] }
who was the girl in the video brenda got a baby	[ "Ethel \"Edy\" Proctor" ]	[ { "title": "Brenda's Got a Baby", "text": "The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and \"Brenda\" and then the actual story starts. Ethel \"Edy\" Proctor portrays Brenda.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": nu...	{ "title": "Brenda's Got a Baby", "long_answer": "The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and \"Brenda\" and then the actual story starts. Ethel \"Edy\" Proctor portrays Brenda.", "chunked_long_answer": "The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and \"Brenda\" and then the actual story starts. Ethel \"Edy\" Proctor portrays Brenda.", "short_answers": [ "Ethel \"Edy\" Proctor" ] }
itai-itai disease was a form of poisoning associated with ingestion of	[ "cadmium", "Cadmium" ]	[ { "title": "Itai-itai disease", "text": "Itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ病, itai-itai byō, \"it hurts-it hurts disease\") was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term \"itai-itai disease\" was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) ...	{ "title": "Itai-itai disease", "long_answer": "Itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ病, itai-itai byō, \"it hurts-it hurts disease\") was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term \"itai-itai disease\" was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) victims felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains, which were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan. A similar thing is Onsan illness.", "chunked_long_answer": "Itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ病, itai-itai byō, \"it hurts-it hurts disease\") was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term \"itai-itai disease\" was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) victims felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains, which were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan. A similar thing is Onsan illness.", "short_answers": [ "Cadmium", "cadmium" ] }
who are considered to be the founding fathers	[ "George Washington", "Benjamin Franklin", "John Adams", "Alexander Hamilton", "John Jay", "James Madison", "Thomas Jefferson" ]	[ { "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States", "text": "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Fra...	{ "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States", "long_answer": "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers, advocating ratification of the Constitution. The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York (1777) and Massachusetts (1780) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783) that would end the American Revolutionary War. Washington was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention. Washington, Jay and Franklin are considered the Founding Fathers of U.S. Intelligence by the CIA. All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States, with Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison serving as President. Jay was the nation's first Chief Justice. Four of these seven – Washington, Jay, Hamilton and Madison – were not signers of the Declaration of Independence.", "chunked_long_answer": "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers, advocating ratification of the Constitution. The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York (1777) and Massachusetts (1780) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of", "short_answers": [ "Alexander Hamilton", "Benjamin Franklin", "George Washington", "James Madison", "John Adams", "John Jay", "Thomas Jefferson" ] }
who sings in walk hard the dewey cox story	[ "John C. Reilly" ]	[ { "title": "Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story", "text": "Dyke Parks worked). Antonio Ortiz wrote \"Take My Hand\". A number of critics noted the unusually high quality of many of the individual songs on the soundtrack, how well they reflected the styles and times they were attempting to parody, and how well th...	{ "title": "Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story", "long_answer": "Singer-songwriters Dan Bern and Mike Viola (of the Candy Butchers) wrote most of the film's songs, including \"There's a Change a Happenin'\", \"Mulatto\", \"A Life Without You (Is No Life at All)\", \"Beautiful Ride\" and \"Hole in My Pants\". Charlie Wadhams wrote the song \"Let's Duet\". Marshall Crenshaw wrote the title song, and Van Dyke Parks penned the Brian Wilson-esque 1960s-styled psychedelic jam \"Black Sheep\" (the recording session seems to be a specific parody of Wilson's Smile album sessions, on which Van Dyke Parks worked). Antonio Ortiz wrote \"Take My Hand\". A number of critics noted the unusually high quality of many of the individual songs on the soundtrack, how well they reflected the styles and times they were attempting to parody, and how well they stood on their own as quality compositions. The soundtrack was nominated for both a Grammy and Golden Globe Award and was nominated and won the Sierra Award for Best Song in a Motion Picture from the Las Vegas Film Critics Society. John C. Reilly sang on all the tracks and played guitar on most of them.", "chunked_long_answer": "Dyke Parks worked). Antonio Ortiz wrote \"Take My Hand\". A number of critics noted the unusually high quality of many of the individual songs on the soundtrack, how well they reflected the styles and times they were attempting to parody, and how well they stood on their own as quality compositions. The soundtrack was nominated for both a Grammy and Golden Globe Award and was nominated and won the Sierra Award for Best Song in a Motion Picture from the Las Vegas Film Critics Society. John C. Reilly sang on all the tracks and played guitar on most of them.", "short_answers": [ "John C. Reilly" ] }
where was when we first met netflix filmed	[ "New Orleans" ]	[ { "title": "When We First Met", "text": "Principal photography on the film began in mid-July 2016 in New Orleans.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "When We First Met", "text": "When We First Met Whe...	{ "title": "When We First Met", "long_answer": "Principal photography on the film began in mid-July 2016 in New Orleans.", "chunked_long_answer": "Principal photography on the film began in mid-July 2016 in New Orleans.", "short_answers": [ "New Orleans" ] }
who is the writer of a walk to remember	[ "American writer Nicholas Sparks", "Nicholas Sparks" ]	[ { "title": "A Walk to Remember (novel)", "text": "A Walk to Remember is a novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks, released in October 1999. The novel, set in 1958–1959 in Beaufort, North Carolina, is a story of two teenagers who fall in love with each other despite the disparity of their personalities. A...	{ "title": "A Walk to Remember (novel)", "long_answer": "A Walk to Remember is a novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks, released in October 1999. The novel, set in 1958–1959 in Beaufort, North Carolina, is a story of two teenagers who fall in love with each other despite the disparity of their personalities. A Walk to Remember is adapted in the film of the same name.", "chunked_long_answer": "A Walk to Remember is a novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks, released in October 1999. The novel, set in 1958–1959 in Beaufort, North Carolina, is a story of two teenagers who fall in love with each other despite the disparity of their personalities. A Walk to Remember is adapted in the film of the same name.", "short_answers": [ "American writer Nicholas Sparks", "Nicholas Sparks" ] }
when did they start assigning social security numbers at birth	[ "1990" ]	[ { "title": "Social Security number", "text": "children they supported. During the first year of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or t...	{ "title": "Social Security number", "long_answer": "Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the age of about 14, since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a tax deduction. Before this act, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to lie about the number of children they supported. During the first year of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by non-custodial parents. In 1988, the threshold was lowered to 2 years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to 1 year old. Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's age to receive an exemption. Since then, parents have often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth; today, it can be done on the application for a birth certificate.", "chunked_long_answer": "children they supported. During the first year of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by non-custodial parents. In 1988, the threshold was lowered to 2 years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to 1 year old. Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's age to receive an exemption. Since then, parents have often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth;", "short_answers": [ "1990" ] }
who supported states rights during the civil war	[ "the Confederacy" ]	[ { "title": "Confederate States of America", "text": "For the duration of its existence, the Confederacy underwent trial by war. The \"Southern Cause\" transcended the ideology of states' rights, tariff policy, or internal improvements. This \"Cause\" supported, or descended from, cultural and financial depe...	{ "title": "Confederate States of America", "long_answer": "Many southern whites had considered themselves more Southern than American and were prepared to fight for their state and their region to be independent of the larger nation. That regionalism became a Southern nationalism, or the \"Cause\". For the duration of its existence, the Confederacy underwent trial by war. The \"Southern Cause\" transcended the ideology of states' rights, tariff policy, or internal improvements. This \"Cause\" supported, or descended from, cultural and financial dependence on the South's slavery-based economy. The convergence of race and slavery, politics, and economics raised almost all South-related policy questions to the status of moral questions over way of life, commingling love of things Southern and hatred of things Yankee (the North). Not only did national political parties split, but national churches and interstate families as well divided along sectional lines as the war approached. According to historian John M. Coski, \"The statesmen who led the secession movement were unashamed to explicitly cite the defense of slavery as their prime motive... Acknowledging the centrality of slavery to the Confederacy is essential for understanding the Confederate.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "For the duration of its existence, the Confederacy underwent trial by war. The \"Southern Cause\" transcended the ideology of states' rights, tariff policy, or internal improvements. This \"Cause\" supported, or descended from, cultural and financial dependence on the South's slavery-based economy. The convergence of race and slavery, politics, and economics raised almost all South-related policy questions to the status of moral questions over way of life, commingling love of things Southern and hatred of things Yankee (the North). Not only did national political parties split, but national churches and interstate families as well divided along sectional lines as the war approached. According to historian John M. Coski, \"The statesmen who led the secession movement were unashamed to explicitly cite the defense of slavery as their prime motive... Acknowledging the centrality of slavery to the Confederacy is essential for understanding the Confederate.\"", "short_answers": [ "the Confederacy" ] }