question stringlengths 29 100 | answers list | ctxs list | nq_annotated_gold dict |
|---|---|---|---|
how many walker texas ranger seasons are there | [
"Eight",
"8"
] | [
{
"title": "Walker, Texas Ranger",
"text": "has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled \"\". The movie ended on a cliffhanger, which was never resolved. DVD sets of all seasons have been released (with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season). At various times since 1997, re... | {
"title": "Walker, Texas Ranger",
"long_answer": "Walker, Texas Ranger is an American crime action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis. It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade, with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division. The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993, with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes. Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25, 1993, to May 19, 2001, and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28, 2001. It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire. The movie ended on a cliffhanger, which was never resolved. DVD sets of all seasons have been released (with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season). At various times since 1997, reruns of the show have aired, in syndication, on the USA Network and Action in Canada. Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action, WGN America, INSP and Grit and One, being part of Network Ten in Australia.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Paul Haggis. It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade, with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division. The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993, with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes. Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25, 1993, to May 19, 2001, and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28, 2001. It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire. The movie ended on a cliffhanger, which",
"short_answers": [
"Eight"
]
} |
how many seasons of from dusk till dawn are there | [
"third season"
] | [
{
"title": "Hindu cycle of the universe",
"text": "For example, the hymn 1.24 of the Rigveda asks, \"these stars, which are set on high, and appear at night, whither do they go in the daytime?\" and hymn 10.88 wonders, \"how many fires are there, how many suns, how many dawns, how many waters? I am not posi... | {
"title": "From Dusk till Dawn: The Series",
"long_answer": "On October 26, 2015, it was renewed for a third season, which aired from September 6 to November 1, 2016. While the series is currently unconfirmed as cancelled, Deadline.com has reported that the actors have been released from their contracts as of October 31, 2016.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "On October 26, 2015, it was renewed for a third season, which aired from September 6 to November 1, 2016. While the series is currently unconfirmed as cancelled, Deadline.com has reported that the actors have been released from their contracts as of October 31, 2016.",
"short_answers": [
"third season"
]
} |
when is the last time the dolphins went to the superbowl | [
"Super Bowl XIX",
"1984"
] | [
{
"title": "2005 NFL season",
"text": "at 3,000, for their only win of the season. The Sunday, October 23 game between the Kansas City Chiefs and the Miami Dolphins at Dolphins Stadium was rescheduled to Friday, October 21 at 7:00 pm EDT to beat Hurricane Wilma's arrival to the Miami, Florida area. The Chie... | {
"title": "Miami Dolphins",
"long_answer": "The team made its first Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl VI, but lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 24–3. The following year, the Dolphins completed the NFL's only perfect season culminating in a Super Bowl win, winning all 14 of their regular-season games, both of their NFL playoff games, and also Super Bowl VII. The 1972 Dolphins were the third NFL team to accomplish a perfect regular season, and won Super Bowl VIII, becoming the first team to appear in three consecutive Super Bowls, and the second team (the first AFL/AFC team) to win back-to-back championships. Miami also appeared in Super Bowl XVII and Super Bowl XIX, losing both games.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Bowl VI, but lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 24–3. The following year, the Dolphins completed the NFL's only perfect season culminating in a Super Bowl win, winning all 14 of their regular-season games, both of their NFL playoff games, and also Super Bowl VII. The 1972 Dolphins were the third NFL team to accomplish a perfect regular season, and won Super Bowl VIII, becoming the first team to appear in three consecutive Super Bowls, and the second team (the first AFL/AFC team) to win back-to-back championships. Miami also appeared in Super Bowl XVII and Super Bowl XIX, losing both games.",
"short_answers": [
"Super Bowl XIX"
]
} |
who is responsible for introducing the principle of uniformitarianism | [
"James Hutton",
"geologist James Hutton",
"William Whewell"
] | [
{
"title": "Uniformitarianism",
"text": "as the principle of geological actualism, which states that all past geological action was like all present geological action. The principle of actualism is the cornerstone of paleoecology. Uniformitarianism Uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity... | {
"title": "Uniformitarianism",
"long_answer": "In geology, uniformitarianism has included the gradualistic concept that \"the present is the key to the past\" (that events occur at the same rate now as they have always done); many geologists now, however, no longer hold to a strict theory of gradualism. Coined by William Whewell, the word was proposed in contrast to catastrophism by British naturalists in the late 18th century, starting with the work of the geologist James Hutton. Hutton's work was later refined by scientist John Playfair and popularised by geologist Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology in 1830. Today, Earth's history is considered to have been a slow, gradual process, punctuated by occasional natural catastrophic events.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"the present is the key to the past\" (that events occur at the same rate now as they have always done); many geologists now, however, no longer hold to a strict theory of gradualism. Coined by William Whewell, the word was proposed in contrast to catastrophism by British naturalists in the late 18th century, starting with the work of the geologist James Hutton. Hutton's work was later refined by scientist John Playfair and popularised by geologist Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology in 1830. Today, Earth's history is considered to have been a slow, gradual process, punctuated by occasional natural catastrophic",
"short_answers": [
"James Hutton",
"William Whewell",
"geologist James Hutton"
]
} |
who was the last nba player to get drafted out of high school | [
"Thon Maker"
] | [
{
"title": "Gerald Green",
"text": "in the period leading up to the 2005 NBA draft. Green was one of the last players to enter the NBA directly from high school, as the collective bargaining agreement between NBA owners and the NBA Players' Association now mandates that American players who enter the NBA Dr... | {
"title": "NBA high school draftees",
"long_answer": "The terms of the new agreement ended the practice of drafting high school players, starting in the 2006 Draft. A high school player must wait at least a year to be eligible for selection. However, they are not required to spend that year in college. In 2008, high school star Brandon Jennings decided to skip college and play professional basketball in Italy. After a year, he was eligible for the 2009 draft and was selected 10th by the Milwaukee Bucks. In the 2010 draft, Latavious Williams, who did not qualify academically to go to college, spent a year playing in the NBA D-League before he was drafted in the second round. Emmanuel Mudiay decided to take a route similar to that of Brandon Jennings by skipping college to play professionally in China in 2014 before being selected by the Denver Nuggets at pick 7 a year later. In the 2015 draft, Satnam Singh Bhamara, who did not qualify academically to go to college, went straight to the NBA draft as a post-graduate after being at IMG Academy for five years. He would be taken by the Dallas Mavericks with the 52nd pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school student to be drafted since the rule changes. In the 2016 draft, one of the Top–10 players that was declared eligible for NCAA play in 2016, Thon Maker, decided to enter the draft instead as a post-graduate from Orangeville Prep in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada due to him originally declaring himself as eligible for college in 2015. Thon would also mark the first player to be drafted directly from a Canadian high school, as well as the second player to enter as a post-graduate. He'd also be the first high schooler to be drafted in the first round since 2005, being drafted by the Milwaukee Bucks with the tenth pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school lottery pick since 2005. Most recently, in the 2018 draft, both Anfernee Simons and Thon's brother, Matur Maker, are also looking to be drafted in the NBA, with Simons being a postgraduate and Maker's decision relating to him being held back a year.",
"chunked_long_answer": "the 52nd pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school student to be drafted since the rule changes. In the 2016 draft, one of the Top–10 players that was declared eligible for NCAA play in 2016, Thon Maker, decided to enter the draft instead as a post-graduate from Orangeville Prep in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada due to him originally declaring himself as eligible for college in 2015. Thon would also mark the first player to be drafted directly from a Canadian high school, as well as the second player to enter as a post-graduate. He'd also be the first",
"short_answers": [
"Thon Maker"
]
} |
when did the astros change from the national league to the american league | [
"2013",
"March 31, 2013"
] | [
{
"title": "1966 Houston Astros season",
"text": "L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; ... | {
"title": "Houston Astros",
"long_answer": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000.",
"short_answers": [
"2013"
]
} |
how many kilometers of great wall of china | [
"8,850 km",
"21,196 km"
] | [
{
"title": "Great Wall of Qi",
"text": "total length has been estimated at about 600 kilometers. Most of the wall is still able to be seen. Great Wall of Qi The Great Wall of Qi () is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. Construction of the wall started in 685 BC (during the Spring and Autumn period) by... | {
"title": "Great Wall of China",
"long_answer": "The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.",
"chunked_long_answer": "along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in",
"short_answers": [
"21,196 km",
"8,850 km"
]
} |
what is the name of the restaurant in seinfeld | [
"Monk’s",
"Monk's Café"
] | [
{
"title": "The Cafe (Seinfeld)",
"text": "The Cafe (Seinfeld) \"The Cafe\" is the 24th episode of \"Seinfeld\". The episode was the seventh episode of the show's third season. It aired on November 6, 1991. Jerry becomes fascinated with a failing local eclectic restaurant called \"The Dream Café\" and befri... | {
"title": "Monk's Café",
"long_answer": "Monk's Café is a fictional coffee shop from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Monk's Café is a fictional coffee shop from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.",
"short_answers": [
"Monk's Café"
]
} |
when did the log flume closed at alton towers | [
"10 October 2015",
"2015"
] | [
{
"title": "The Flume (Alton Towers)",
"text": "lift hill, then swiftly dropping riders 85ft where riders were usually soaked with water. The boats then travelled through two shower sprinklers before returning to the station. In 1980, Alton Towers opened the ride Corkscrew along with a few other amusement a... | {
"title": "The Flume (Alton Towers)",
"long_answer": "The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 coinciding with its sponsorship by Imperial Leather. The ride was a bath time themed log flume with three drops. It was the longest log flume attraction in the world at the time of opening. The attraction closed in 2015 and was removed a year later for the area's redevelopment into the SW8 rollercoaster.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 coinciding with its sponsorship by Imperial Leather. The ride was a bath time themed log flume with three drops. It was the longest log flume attraction in the world at the time of opening. The attraction closed in 2015 and was removed a year later for the area's redevelopment into the SW8 rollercoaster.",
"short_answers": [
"2015"
]
} |
when did the prr first begin its passenger service between pittsburgh and philadelphia | [
"by 1854",
"1854"
] | [
{
"title": "Fort Wayne Line",
"text": "Railroad extended the line west to Columbia City in 1856, on July 26 the three companies merged to form the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Rail Road. The line was completed to Chicago in 1856 and 1858. The Pennsylvania Railroad began operating the line under lease ... | {
"title": "Pennsylvania Railroad",
"long_answer": "The western end of the line was simultaneously built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny and Conemaugh rivers to Johnstown. PRR was granted trackage rights over the Philadelphia and Columbia and gained control of the three short lines connecting Lancaster and Harrisburg, instituting an all-rail link between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh by 1854. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, and abandoned most of its canals and inclined planes. The line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of other railroads by stock purchases and 999-year leases.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The western end of the line was simultaneously built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny and Conemaugh rivers to Johnstown. PRR was granted trackage rights over the Philadelphia and Columbia and gained control of the three short lines connecting Lancaster and Harrisburg, instituting an all-rail link between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh by 1854. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, and abandoned most of its canals and inclined planes. The line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track",
"short_answers": [
"1854",
"by 1854"
]
} |
name of the boundary line between india and bangladesh | [
"International Border (IB)"
] | [
{
"title": "Bangladesh–India border",
"text": "Boundary Agreement to simplify the border was ratified by both India and Bangladesh on 7 May 2015. The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August 1947 as a boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan upon the partition of India. It was named after its a... | {
"title": "Bangladesh–India border",
"long_answer": "The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.",
"short_answers": [
"International Border (IB)"
]
} |
jharkhand which festival is associated with cattle worship | [
"Sohrai"
] | [
{
"title": "Culture of Jharkhand",
"text": "Bhado by the Sadan (Khortha, Nagpuri, Kurmali speaking ethnic group) and tribal (Munda, Santal and Kurukh) people of Jharkhand. In this festival, people bring branches of Karam tree to the village and then place them on the ground. The branches are washed with mil... | {
"title": "Sohrai",
"long_answer": "Sohrai is a festival of Santal and oraon people of the Indian states of Jharkhand , Bihar ,Orisa, Chattisgarh and West Bengal. It is a cattle worship festival and is celebrated during October -November (in Ranchi), December–January (in Dumka)",
"chunked_long_answer": "Sohrai is a festival of Santal and oraon people of the Indian states of Jharkhand , Bihar ,Orisa, Chattisgarh and West Bengal. It is a cattle worship festival and is celebrated during October -November (in Ranchi), December–January (in Dumka)",
"short_answers": [
"Sohrai"
]
} |
who was the declaration of independence written for | [
"the Second Continental Congress"
] | [
{
"title": "Thomas Stone",
"text": "by the NPS. The site, located on 6655 Rose Hill Road in Port Tobacco Village, Maryland, opened to the public in 1997. Thomas Stone Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delega... | {
"title": "United States Declaration of Independence",
"long_answer": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. These states would found a new nation – the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was passed on July 2 with no opposing vote cast. A committee of five had already drafted the formal declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. These states would found a new nation – the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was passed on July 2 with no opposing vote cast. A committee of five had already drafted the formal declaration,",
"short_answers": [
"the Second Continental Congress"
]
} |
what is the center of heredity in a cell | [
"nucleus",
"Cell nuclei",
"the nucleus",
"chromosome"
] | [
{
"title": "Cell biology",
"text": "Cell biology Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κύτος, \"kytos\", \"vessel\") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, which is the basic unit of life. Cell biology is concerned with the physiological properties, metaboli... | {
"title": "Cell nucleus",
"long_answer": "Between 1877 and 1878, Oscar Hertwig published several studies on the fertilization of sea urchin eggs, showing that the nucleus of the sperm enters the oocyte and fuses with its nucleus. This was the first time it was suggested that an individual develops from a (single) nucleated cell. This was in contradiction to Ernst Haeckel's theory that the complete phylogeny of a species would be repeated during embryonic development, including generation of the first nucleated cell from a \"monerula\", a structureless mass of primordial mucus (\"Urschleim\"). Therefore, the necessity of the sperm nucleus for fertilization was discussed for quite some time. However, Hertwig confirmed his observation in other animal groups, including amphibians and molluscs. Eduard Strasburger produced the same results for plants in 1884. This paved the way to assign the nucleus an important role in heredity. In 1873, August Weismann postulated the equivalence of the maternal and paternal germ cells for heredity. The function of the nucleus as carrier of genetic information became clear only later, after mitosis was discovered and the Mendelian rules were rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century; the chromosome theory of heredity was therefore developed.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "Between 1877 and 1878, Oscar Hertwig published several studies on the fertilization of sea urchin eggs, showing that the nucleus of the sperm enters the oocyte and fuses with its nucleus. This was the first time it was suggested that an individual develops from a (single) nucleated cell. This was in contradiction to Ernst Haeckel's theory that the complete phylogeny of a species would be repeated during embryonic development, including generation of the first nucleated cell from a \"monerula\", a structureless mass of primordial mucus (\"Urschleim\"). Therefore, the necessity of the sperm nucleus for fertilization was discussed for quite some time. However, Hertwig confirmed his observation in other animal groups, including amphibians and molluscs. Eduard Strasburger produced the same results for plants in 1884. This paved the way to assign the nucleus an important role in heredity. In 1873, August Weismann postulated the equivalence of the maternal and paternal germ cells for heredity. The function of the nucleus as carrier of genetic information became clear only later, after mitosis was discovered and the Mendelian rules were rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century; the chromosome theory of heredity was therefore developed.\n",
"short_answers": [
"chromosome",
"nucleus"
]
} |
when did the first immigrants come to hawaii | [
"Around 1200"
] | [
{
"title": "Asian immigration to Hawaii",
"text": "Asian immigration to Hawaii Most early Asian settlers to the United States went to Hawaii. Most of these early immigrants moved to the islands as laborers to work on the pineapple, coconut, and sugarcane plantations. These early migrants have tended to stay... | {
"title": "History of Hawaii",
"long_answer": "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers found and began settling the area. This began the rise of the Hawaiian civilization. It remained isolated from the rest of the world for another 500 years.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers found and began settling the area. This began the rise of the Hawaiian civilization. It remained isolated from the rest of the world for another 500 years.",
"short_answers": [
"Around 1200"
]
} |
who coined the phrase let get ready to rumble | [
"Michael Buffer"
] | [
{
"title": "Michael Buffer",
"text": "of his famous phrase - \"Let's get ready to bundle!\" He was also the announcer for the YouTube Boxing match between KSI vs Logan Paul on August 25, 2018. Buffer reproduced as an action figure in both Toy Biz's WCW line and Jakks Pacific's Rocky line. Buffer began using... | {
"title": "Michael Buffer",
"long_answer": "Michael Buffer (born November 2, 1944) is an American ring announcer for boxing and professional wrestling matches. He is known for his trademarked catchphrase, \"Let's get ready to rumble!\" and for pioneering a distinct announcing style in which he rolls certain letters and adds other inflections to a fighter's name. His half-brother is UFC announcer Bruce Buffer.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Michael Buffer (born November 2, 1944) is an American ring announcer for boxing and professional wrestling matches. He is known for his trademarked catchphrase, \"Let's get ready to rumble!\" and for pioneering a distinct announcing style in which he rolls certain letters and adds other inflections to a fighter's name. His half-brother is UFC announcer Bruce Buffer.",
"short_answers": [
"Michael Buffer"
]
} |
who played the first nfl thursday night football game | [
"Denver Broncos",
"the visiting Denver Broncos",
"the Kansas City Chiefs",
"Kansas City Chiefs"
] | [
{
"title": "Randy Moss",
"text": "back Floyd Young late in the first quarter, in which Moss juggled the ball 3 times before securing it for the score. He added a 31-yard touchdown reception on the Vikings first possession of the second quarter to give the Vikings a 21–0 lead. His first \"Monday Night Footba... | {
"title": "Thursday Night Football",
"long_answer": "Thursday Night Football debuted on November 23, 2006, with the Kansas City Chiefs handing the visiting Denver Broncos a 19–10 Thanksgiving defeat. Each of the game broadcasts were titled either Thursday Night Football or Saturday Night Football, depending on the night on which it aired. This format carried over to the 2007 season.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thursday Night Football debuted on November 23, 2006, with the Kansas City Chiefs handing the visiting Denver Broncos a 19–10 Thanksgiving defeat. Each of the game broadcasts were titled either Thursday Night Football or Saturday Night Football, depending on the night on which it aired. This format carried over to the 2007 season.",
"short_answers": [
"Denver Broncos",
"Kansas City Chiefs",
"the Kansas City Chiefs",
"the visiting Denver Broncos"
]
} |
how many different kinds of pokemon cards are there | [
"eleven"
] | [
{
"title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game",
"text": "Energy types (which correspond to Pokémon card types) are Grass, Fire, Water, Lightning, Psychic, Fighting, Darkness, Metal, and Fairy. Two additional types, Dragon and Colorless, do not have their own Energy cards and instead use other types of Energy. Basi... | {
"title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game",
"long_answer": "A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when Pokémon Gold and Silver introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese Dragon Selection set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese XY set to correspond to its introduction in the video games.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when Pokémon Gold and Silver introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese Dragon Selection set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese XY set to correspond to its introduction in the video games.",
"short_answers": [
"eleven"
]
} |
who sang the theme song for laverne and shirley | [
"Cyndi Grecco"
] | [
{
"title": "Laverne & Shirley",
"text": "to chart. Laverne & Shirley Laverne & Shirley (originally Laverne DeFazio & Shirley Feeney) is an American television sitcom that played for eight seasons on ABC from January 27, 1976, to May 10, 1983. A spin-off of \"Happy Days\", \"Laverne & Shirley\" followed the ... | {
"title": "Cyndi Grecco",
"long_answer": "Cyndi Grecco (born May 19, 1952, in New York, New York) is an American singer who performed the theme tune to the popular 1970s American television show Laverne & Shirley. Titled \"Making Our Dreams Come True\", the song (in which Grecco was accompanied by the Ron Hicklin Singers) was also put out as a single and charted at #25 on July 25, 1976. The song came out on the small Private Stock label (#45086). An album followed, though a second disco-themed single, \"Dancing, Dancing\", failed to chart. She also provided the theme to another 1970s ABC television sitcom Blansky's Beauties. Nevertheless, Grecco remains a one-hit wonder.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Cyndi Grecco (born May 19, 1952, in New York, New York) is an American singer who performed the theme tune to the popular 1970s American television show Laverne & Shirley. Titled \"Making Our Dreams Come True\", the song (in which Grecco was accompanied by the Ron Hicklin Singers) was also put out as a single and charted at #25 on July 25, 1976. The song came out on the small Private Stock label (#45086). An album followed, though a second disco-themed single, \"Dancing, Dancing\", failed to chart. She also provided the theme to another 1970s ABC television sitcom Blansky's Beauties.",
"short_answers": [
"Cyndi Grecco"
]
} |
the temperature of gas is proportional to the | [
"volume"
] | [
{
"title": "Temperature",
"text": "gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Some natural gases show so nearly ideal properties over suitable temperature ranges that they can be used for thermometry; this was important during the development of thermodynamics and is still of practical importance toda... | {
"title": "Gas laws",
"long_answer": "Charles's law, or the law of volumes, was found in 1787 by Jacques Charles. It states that, for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, assuming in a closed system.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Charles's law, or the law of volumes, was found in 1787 by Jacques Charles. It states that, for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, assuming in a closed system.",
"short_answers": [
"volume"
]
} |
fast and furious 7 red car abu dhabi | [
"The Lykan Hypersport"
] | [
{
"title": "Furious 7",
"text": "Furious 7 Furious 7 (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 and Fast Seven) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan. It is the seventh installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwa... | {
"title": "Lykan HyperSport",
"long_answer": "The Lykan Hypersport is a Lebanese limited production supercar built by W Motors, a United Arab Emirates based company, founded in 2012 in Lebanon with the collaboration of Lebanese, French and Italian engineers. It is the first supercar to be produced in the Middle East, and is featured in the film Furious 7, and the video games Project CARS, Driveclub, Asphalt 8: Airborne, Asphalt Nitro, Forza Motorsport 6, and GT Racing 2: The Real Car Experience, Forza Horizon 3, CSR Racing and CSR Racing 2. The Lykan can also be briefly seen in the second Fate of the Furious trailer, however, the Lykan does not make an appearance, the footage is from the seventh movie, Fast and Furious 7. It is the first car to be designed and produced indigenously in the Arab World.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Lykan Hypersport is a Lebanese limited production supercar built by W Motors, a United Arab Emirates based company, founded in 2012 in Lebanon with the collaboration of Lebanese, French and Italian engineers. It is the first supercar to be produced in the Middle East, and is featured in the film Furious 7, and the video games Project CARS, Driveclub, Asphalt 8: Airborne, Asphalt Nitro, Forza Motorsport 6, and GT Racing 2: The Real Car Experience, Forza Horizon 3, CSR Racing and CSR Racing 2. The Lykan can also be briefly seen in the second Fate of the Furious trailer,",
"short_answers": [
"The Lykan Hypersport"
]
} |
what is the name of season 6 of american horror story | [
"Roanoke",
"American Horror Story: Roanoke"
] | [
{
"title": "American Horror Story",
"text": "American Horror Story American Horror Story (sometimes abbreviated as AHS) is an American anthology horror television series created by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk. Each season is conceived as a self-contained miniseries, following a different set of characters ... | {
"title": "American Horror Story: Roanoke",
"long_answer": "American Horror Story: Roanoke is the sixth season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story. It premiered on September 14, 2016, marking the first time the series has debuted outside of October, and concluded on November 16, 2016.",
"chunked_long_answer": "American Horror Story: Roanoke is the sixth season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story. It premiered on September 14, 2016, marking the first time the series has debuted outside of October, and concluded on November 16, 2016.",
"short_answers": [
"American Horror Story: Roanoke",
"Roanoke"
]
} |
who created the very first adhesive postage stamp and what year | [
"Sir Rowland Hill",
"1837"
] | [
{
"title": "Postage stamps and postal history of the United States",
"text": "With the exceptions of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, Lincoln appears on US Postage more than any other famous American. The first self-adhesive stamp was a 10 cent stamp from the Christmas issue of 1974. It was not cons... | {
"title": "Penny Black",
"long_answer": "In 1837, British postal rates were high, complex and anomalous. To simplify matters, Sir Rowland Hill proposed an adhesive stamp to indicate pre-payment of postage. At the time it was normal for the recipient to pay postage on delivery, charged by the sheet and on distance travelled. By contrast, the Penny Black allowed letters of up to ⁄2 ounce (14 grams) to be delivered at a flat rate of one penny, regardless of distance.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1837, British postal rates were high, complex and anomalous. To simplify matters, Sir Rowland Hill proposed an adhesive stamp to indicate pre-payment of postage. At the time it was normal for the recipient to pay postage on delivery, charged by the sheet and on distance travelled. By contrast, the Penny Black allowed letters of up to ⁄2 ounce (14 grams) to be delivered at a flat rate of one penny, regardless of distance.",
"short_answers": [
"1837",
"Sir Rowland Hill"
]
} |
do you cut cards to the left or right | [
"right"
] | [
{
"title": "Cut (cards)",
"text": "cut by taking the original bottom portion of the deck and placing it on top of the just-moved cards. Once the cut is complete, the dealer picks up the deck, straightens or \"squares\" it, and deals the cards. Rules of procedure or etiquette may vary concerning who makes th... | {
"title": "Cut (cards)",
"long_answer": "A common procedure is that after the cards have been shuffled, the dealer sets the cards face-down on the table near the player designated to make the cut, typically the player to the dealer's right. That player initiates a cut of the deck by taking a contiguous range of cards off the top of the deck and placing it face-down on the table closer to the dealer; the dealer completes the cut by taking the original bottom portion of the deck and placing it on top of the just-moved cards. Once the cut is complete, the dealer picks up the deck, straightens or \"squares\" it, and deals the cards.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A common procedure is that after the cards have been shuffled, the dealer sets the cards face-down on the table near the player designated to make the cut, typically the player to the dealer's right. That player initiates a cut of the deck by taking a contiguous range of cards off the top of the deck and placing it face-down on the table closer to the dealer; the dealer completes the cut by taking the original bottom portion of the deck and placing it on top of the just-moved cards. Once the cut is complete, the dealer picks up the",
"short_answers": [
"right"
]
} |
who were the first settlers in san antonio | [
"Spanish",
"Spanish explorers",
"varying cultures of indigenous peoples"
] | [
{
"title": "Spanish Texas",
"text": "that time, only 300 Hispanic settlers lived in San Antonio, with 200 others dispersed throughout the rest of the colony. The new immigrants began farming and renamed the town San Fernando de Béxar, establishing the first municipal, and only civilian, government in Texas.... | {
"title": "History of San Antonio",
"long_answer": "The City of San Antonio is one of the oldest Spanish colonization of the European settlements in Texas and was, for decades, its largest city. Before Spanish colonization, the site was occupied for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The historic Payaya Indians were likely those who encountered the first Europeans.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The City of San Antonio is one of the oldest Spanish colonization of the European settlements in Texas and was, for decades, its largest city. Before Spanish colonization, the site was occupied for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The historic Payaya Indians were likely those who encountered the first Europeans.",
"short_answers": [
"Spanish",
"varying cultures of indigenous peoples"
]
} |
who were the members of the traveling wilburys group | [
"Roy Orbison",
"Jeff Lynne",
"George Harrison",
"Bob Dylan",
"Tom Petty"
] | [
{
"title": "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1",
"text": "together again for nine days in May, recording the basic tracks and vocals at Dave Stewart’s home studio in Los Angeles. Overdubs and mixing were carried out in England at Harrison’s home studio, FPSHOT (short for Friar Park Studio, Henley-on-Thames). Masquer... | {
"title": "Traveling Wilburys",
"long_answer": "The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British-American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty. The band recorded two albums, the first in 1988 and the second in 1990, though Orbison died before the second was recorded.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British-American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty. The band recorded two albums, the first in 1988 and the second in 1990, though Orbison died before the second was recorded.",
"short_answers": [
"Bob Dylan",
"George Harrison",
"Jeff Lynne",
"Roy Orbison",
"Tom Petty"
]
} |
who sang how can you mend a broken heart first | [
"Bee Gees",
"the Bee Gees"
] | [
{
"title": "A Broken Heart Can Mend",
"text": "& Tracks. A Broken Heart Can Mend \"A Broken Heart Can Mend\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the third single from the singer's self-titled debut solo album, \"Alexander O'Neal\" ... | {
"title": "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart",
"long_answer": "\"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\" is a song released by the Bee Gees in 1971. It was written mainly by Barry and Robin Gibb and was the lead and first single on the group's 1971 album Trafalgar. It was their first US No. 1 single and also reached No. 1 in Cashbox magazine for two weeks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\" is a song released by the Bee Gees in 1971. It was written mainly by Barry and Robin Gibb and was the lead and first single on the group's 1971 album Trafalgar. It was their first US No. 1 single and also reached No. 1 in Cashbox magazine for two weeks.",
"short_answers": [
"the Bee Gees"
]
} |
who was the original host of what's my line | [
"John Daly"
] | [
{
"title": "What's My Line?",
"text": "the original series, Goodson-Todman went to ABC News to seek out a host, whose title had ceased to be that of \"moderator,\" and hired Wally Bruner to take over for John Charles Daly. Bruner left the series at the conclusion of its fourth season, the 1971-1972 season, ... | {
"title": "What's My Line?",
"long_answer": "What's My Line? is a panel game show that originally ran in the United States on the CBS Television Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U.S. revivals. The game requires celebrity panelists to question a contestant in order to determine his or her occupation, i.e., \"line [of work],\" with panelists occasionally being called on to identify a celebrity \"mystery guest\" with specificity. It is the longest-running U.S. primetime network television game-show. Moderated by John Daly and with panelists Dorothy Kilgallen, Arlene Francis, and Bennett Cerf, What's My Line? won three Emmy Awards for \"Best Quiz or Audience Participation Show\" in 1952, 1953, and 1958 and the Golden Globe for Best TV Show in 1962.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U.S. revivals. The game requires celebrity panelists to question a contestant in order to determine his or her occupation, i.e., \"line [of work],\" with panelists occasionally being called on to identify a celebrity \"mystery guest\" with specificity. It is the longest-running U.S. primetime network television game-show. Moderated by John Daly and with panelists Dorothy Kilgallen, Arlene Francis, and Bennett Cerf, What's My Line? won three Emmy Awards for \"Best Quiz or Audience Participation Show\" in 1952, 1953, and 1958 and the Golden Globe for Best TV Show in 1962.",
"short_answers": [
"John Daly"
]
} |
who played big enos in smokey and the bandit | [
"Pat McCormick"
] | [
{
"title": "Smokey and the Bandit",
"text": "escape in one of Big Enos' thirteen Cadillacs as the police flood the racetrack. They pass Sheriff Justice's badly damaged police car by the side of the road. Over the radio, Bandit first directs Justice to Big and Little Enos, but then, in a gesture of respect, ... | {
"title": "Pat McCormick (actor)",
"long_answer": "Pat McCormick (June 30, 1927 – July 29, 2005) was an American actor and comedy writer known for playing Big Enos Burdette in Smokey and the Bandit and its two sequels. He wrote for a number of performers such as Red Skelton, Phyllis Diller and Johnny Carson as well as for shows including Get Smart. McCormick had a distinctive appearance being six feet, seven inches tall, weighing 250 pounds and having a walrus mustache.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Pat McCormick (June 30, 1927 – July 29, 2005) was an American actor and comedy writer known for playing Big Enos Burdette in Smokey and the Bandit and its two sequels. He wrote for a number of performers such as Red Skelton, Phyllis Diller and Johnny Carson as well as for shows including Get Smart. McCormick had a distinctive appearance being six feet, seven inches tall, weighing 250 pounds and having a walrus mustache.",
"short_answers": [
"Pat McCormick"
]
} |
who sings you can't get what you want | [
"the Rolling Stones"
] | [
{
"title": "You Can't Always Get What You Want",
"text": "Get What You Want\" was recorded on 16 and 17 November 1968 at Olympic Sound Studios in London. It features the London Bach Choir opening the song (the choir opening is only on the album version), highlighting throughout, and bringing it to its concl... | {
"title": "You Can't Always Get What You Want",
"long_answer": "\"You Can't Always Get What You Want\" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album Let It Bleed. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by Rolling Stone magazine in its 2004 list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"You Can't Always Get What You Want\" is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album Let It Bleed. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by Rolling Stone magazine in its 2004 list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\".",
"short_answers": [
"the Rolling Stones"
]
} |
product-market fit means being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market | [
"Mark Andreessen"
] | [
{
"title": "Product/market fit",
"text": "Product/market fit Product/market fit, also known as product-market fit, is the degree to which a product satisfies a strong market demand. Product/market fit has been identified as a first step to building a successful venture in which the company meets early adopt... | {
"title": "Product/market fit",
"long_answer": "Mark Andreessen defined the term as follows: “Product/market fit means being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market.”. Many people interpret product/market fit as creating a so called minimum viable product that addresses and solves a problem or need that exists.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mark Andreessen defined the term as follows: “Product/market fit means being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market.”. Many people interpret product/market fit as creating a so called minimum viable product that addresses and solves a problem or need that exists.",
"short_answers": [
"Mark Andreessen"
]
} |
what is on a mcchicken sandwich from mcdonalds | [
"a breaded chicken patty",
"shredded lettuce",
"mayonnaise",
"breaded chicken patty",
"toasted wheat bun",
"a toasted wheat bun"
] | [
{
"title": "McChicken",
"text": "\"McTeriChicken\" variant, a McChicken with teriyaki (\"teri\") sauce. \"Teri\" is heavily used in Hawaii and has been added to various McDonald's sandwiches, such as the \"McTeri Burger\". In other US states, there is also another variant of the McChicken Sandwich called th... | {
"title": "McChicken",
"long_answer": "The McChicken is a chicken sandwich sold by the international fast-food chain McDonald's. The sandwich consists of a toasted wheat bun, a breaded chicken patty, shredded lettuce, and mayonnaise.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The McChicken is a chicken sandwich sold by the international fast-food chain McDonald's. The sandwich consists of a toasted wheat bun, a breaded chicken patty, shredded lettuce, and mayonnaise.",
"short_answers": [
"a breaded chicken patty",
"a toasted wheat bun",
"breaded chicken patty",
"mayonnaise",
"shredded lettuce",
"toasted wheat bun"
]
} |
who plays janie in the search for santa paws | [
"G. Hannelius"
] | [
{
"title": "The Search for Santa Paws",
"text": "right. Janie discovers Quinn and Paws as they return to the orphanage and that night, Janie, Meg, Taylor and Mary discover that Paws can communicate with them too, but Will still cannot understand. Paws explains and the girls sing a musical number to make Wil... | {
"title": "The Search for Santa Paws",
"long_answer": "Meanwhile, a young orphan named Quinn (Kaitlyn Maher) arrives at a foster home run by a strict and no-nonsense woman named Ms. Stout (Wendi McLendon-Covey) who does not approve of anything that children love: toys, Christmas decorations, singing, and even pets. She has a furnace which she uses to burn all the toys which she confiscates from the girls who rightfully own them. Despite the strict rules she has to respect while staying at the foster home, Quinn eventually befriends the girls, including Janie (G. Hannelius) and Willamina \"Will\" (Madison Pettis) Who has lost her love of the holiday after the death of her parents years ago.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Maher) arrives at a foster home run by a strict and no-nonsense woman named Ms. Stout (Wendi McLendon-Covey) who does not approve of anything that children love: toys, Christmas decorations, singing, and even pets. She has a furnace which she uses to burn all the toys which she confiscates from the girls who rightfully own them. Despite the strict rules she has to respect while staying at the foster home, Quinn eventually befriends the girls, including Janie (G. Hannelius) and Willamina \"Will\" (Madison Pettis) Who has lost her love of the holiday after the death of her parents years ago.",
"short_answers": [
"G. Hannelius"
]
} |
where does sex and the city take place | [
"New York City"
] | [
{
"title": "Sex and the City (film)",
"text": "featured frank discussions about romance and sexuality. The world premiere took place at Leicester Square, London, on May 15, 2008, and premiered on May 28, 2008, in the United Kingdom and May 30, 2008, in the United States. Despite mixed reviews from critics, ... | {
"title": "Sex and the City",
"long_answer": "Set and filmed in New York City and based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell, the show follows the lives of a group of four women—three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties—who, despite their different natures and ever-changing sex lives, remain inseparable and confide in each other. Starring Sarah Jessica Parker (as Carrie Bradshaw), Kim Cattrall (as Samantha Jones), Kristin Davis (as Charlotte York), and Cynthia Nixon (as Miranda Hobbes), the quirky series had multiple continuing storylines that tackled relevant and modern social issues such as sexuality, safe sex, promiscuity, and femininity, while exploring the difference between friendships and romantic relationships. The deliberate omission of the better part of the early lives of the four women was the writers' way of exploring social life – from sex to relationships – through each of their four very different, individual perspectives.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Set and filmed in New York City and based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell, the show follows the lives of a group of four women—three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties—who, despite their different natures and ever-changing sex lives, remain inseparable and confide in each other. Starring Sarah Jessica Parker (as Carrie Bradshaw), Kim Cattrall (as Samantha Jones), Kristin Davis (as Charlotte York), and Cynthia Nixon (as Miranda Hobbes), the quirky series had multiple continuing storylines that tackled relevant and modern social issues such as sexuality, safe sex, promiscuity, and femininity, while",
"short_answers": [
"New York City"
]
} |
when did 10 shilling note go out of circulation | [
"22 November 1970",
"1970"
] | [
{
"title": "Bank of England 10s note",
"text": "were issued in a new mauve and grey colour scheme in order to deter counterfeiters, although the design remained the same. At the same time, a metallic thread running through the paper was introduced as a security feature. After the war ten-shilling notes were... | {
"title": "Bank of England 10s note",
"long_answer": "The Bank of England 10s note was a banknote of the pound sterling. Ten shillings in pre-decimal money (written 10s or 10/-) was equivalent to half of one pound. The ten-shilling note was the smallest denomination note ever issued by the Bank of England. The note was issued by the Bank of England for the first time in 1928 and continued to be printed until 1969. The note ceased to be legal tender in 1970 and was removed in favour of the fifty pence coin.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Bank of England 10s note was a banknote of the pound sterling. Ten shillings in pre-decimal money (written 10s or 10/-) was equivalent to half of one pound. The ten-shilling note was the smallest denomination note ever issued by the Bank of England. The note was issued by the Bank of England for the first time in 1928 and continued to be printed until 1969. The note ceased to be legal tender in 1970 and was removed in favour of the fifty pence coin.",
"short_answers": [
"1970"
]
} |
what year did the golden state warriors win their first nba championship | [
"1947"
] | [
{
"title": "Golden State Warriors",
"text": "with Chamberlain. The Warriors won the Western Division crown that season, but lost the 1964 NBA Finals to the Boston Celtics, four games to one. In the 1964–65 season, the Warriors traded Chamberlain to the Philadelphia 76ers for Connie Dierking, Lee Shaffer, Pa... | {
"title": "Golden State Warriors",
"long_answer": "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in the San Francisco Bay Area in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals, winning five NBA championships in 1947, 1956, 1975, 2015 and 2017. Golden State's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17), Los Angeles Lakers (16) and Chicago Bulls (6).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in the San Francisco Bay Area in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals, winning five NBA championships in 1947, 1956, 1975, 2015 and 2017. Golden State's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17), Los Angeles Lakers (16) and Chicago Bulls (6).",
"short_answers": [
"1947"
]
} |
who is considered the father of modern behaviorism | [
"John B. Watson"
] | [
{
"title": "Behaviorism",
"text": "putative mental states, endorsing the basis for cognitive psychology. Behaviorism Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that all behaviors are either reflexes produced by a response to c... | {
"title": "Behaviorism",
"long_answer": "During the first half of the twentieth century, John B. Watson devised methodological behaviorism, which rejected introspective methods and sought to understand behavior by only measuring observable behaviors and events. It was not until the 1930s that B. F. Skinner suggested that private events—including thoughts and feelings—should be subjected to the same controlling variables as observable behavior, which became the basis for his philosophy called radical behaviorism. While Watson and Ivan Pavlov investigated the stimulus-response procedures of classical conditioning, Skinner assessed the controlling nature of consequences and also its' potential effect on the antecedents (or discriminative stimuli) that strengthens behavior; the technique became known as operant conditioning.",
"chunked_long_answer": "During the first half of the twentieth century, John B. Watson devised methodological behaviorism, which rejected introspective methods and sought to understand behavior by only measuring observable behaviors and events. It was not until the 1930s that B. F. Skinner suggested that private events—including thoughts and feelings—should be subjected to the same controlling variables as observable behavior, which became the basis for his philosophy called radical behaviorism. While Watson and Ivan Pavlov investigated the stimulus-response procedures of classical conditioning, Skinner assessed the controlling nature of consequences and also its' potential effect on the antecedents (or discriminative stimuli) that strengthens behavior;",
"short_answers": [
"John B. Watson"
]
} |
joined mexico and the united states to form nafta | [
"Canada"
] | [
{
"title": "United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement",
"text": "reference to the previous trilateral agreement it is meant to supersede, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is the result of the 2017–2018 renegotiation of NAFTA by its member states, which informally agreed to the terms on Septem... | {
"title": "North American Union",
"long_answer": "Since at least the mid-19th century, numerous concepts for a union among Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, some including the Caribbean, the Central American and the South American countries, have been proposed, such as the North American Technate. Following the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Maastricht Treaty going into effect there was speculation about the formation of a North American Union, similar to the European Union created by Maastricht, being a possible future step for the region. Several proposals for continental integration of North America advocated the creation of a union styled after the European Union, though many academic and business groups advocated less dramatic changes involving the formation of a customs union or common market.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Since at least the mid-19th century, numerous concepts for a union among Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, some including the Caribbean, the Central American and the South American countries, have been proposed, such as the North American Technate. Following the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Maastricht Treaty going into effect there was speculation about the formation of a North American Union, similar to the European Union created by Maastricht, being a possible future step for the region. Several proposals for continental integration of North America advocated the creation of a union styled after the",
"short_answers": [
"Canada"
]
} |
ranjit sagar dam has builded over which river | [
"Ravi River",
"the Ravi River"
] | [
{
"title": "Ranjit Sagar Dam",
"text": "Kandi Township. Feasibility studies for the project began in 1953 and geotechnical studies continued until 1980. Construction began in 1981, the generators were commissioned in 2000 and the project complete in March 2001. The project is used for both irrigation purpos... | {
"title": "Ranjit Sagar Dam",
"long_answer": "The Ranjit Sagar Dam, also known as the Thein Dam, is part of a hydroelectric project constructed by the Government of Punjab on the Ravi River on the Border of two states of India Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. 60% of the lake is part of J&K. The project is situated near Pathankot city in Pathankot district of the state of Punjab and Kathua city and Basholi tehsil of Kathua district in J&K. The project is the largest hydroelectric dam of the state of Punjab. The township where the site is located is called Shah pur Kandi Township. Feasibility studies for the project began in 1953 and geotechnical studies continued until 1980. Construction began in 1981, the generators were commissioned in 2000 and the project complete in March 2001.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Ranjit Sagar Dam, also known as the Thein Dam, is part of a hydroelectric project constructed by the Government of Punjab on the Ravi River on the Border of two states of India Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. 60% of the lake is part of J&K. The project is situated near Pathankot city in Pathankot district of the state of Punjab and Kathua city and Basholi tehsil of Kathua district in J&K. The project is the largest hydroelectric dam of the state of Punjab. The township where the site is located is called Shah pur Kandi Township. Feasibility studies",
"short_answers": [
"Ravi River",
"the Ravi River"
]
} |
where was the original planet of the apes filmed at | [
"Utah",
"in northern Arizona",
"California",
"Arizona"
] | [
{
"title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)",
"text": "far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu. As noted in the documentary \"Behind the Planet of the Apes\", the special effect shot of the half-buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with exi... | {
"title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)",
"long_answer": "Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore. Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible, so cast, crew, film equipment, and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter. The home movies of Roddy McDowall (on YouTube) show makeup, the Ape Village set and the beach site/set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu. As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes, the special effect shot of the half-buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs. The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a 70-foot scaffold, angled over a 1/2-scale papier-mache model of the Statue. The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that, when not shooting, they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore. Reaching",
"short_answers": [
"in northern Arizona"
]
} |
who is the guy that jumped from space | [
"Felix Baumgartner"
] | [
{
"title": "Space Adventures",
"text": "the first second-generation space traveler, who followed his father, cosmonaut Aleksandr Volkov into space. Guy Laliberté is the first Canadian space tourist who reached orbit on September 30, 2009 aboard Soyuz TMA-16. While in orbit, Laliberté promoted the One Drop F... | {
"title": "Felix Baumgartner",
"long_answer": "Felix Baumgartner (German: [ˈfeːlɪks ˈbaʊ̯mˌɡaɐ̯tnɐ]; born 20 April 1969) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil, and BASE jumper. He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on 14 October 2012. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated 39 km (24 mi), reaching an estimated top speed of 1,357.64 km/h (843.6 mph), or Mach 1.25. He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent. He broke skydiving records for exit altitude, vertical freefall distance without drogue, and vertical speed without drogue. Though he still holds the two latter records, the first was broken two years later, when on 24 October 2014, Alan Eustace jumped from 135,890 feet – or, 41.42 km (25.74 mi) with a drogue.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Felix Baumgartner (German: [ˈfeːlɪks ˈbaʊ̯mˌɡaɐ̯tnɐ]; born 20 April 1969) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil, and BASE jumper. He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on 14 October 2012. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated 39 km (24 mi), reaching an estimated top speed of 1,357.64 km/h (843.6 mph), or Mach 1.25. He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent. He broke skydiving records for exit altitude, vertical freefall distance without drogue, and vertical speed without drogue.",
"short_answers": [
"Felix Baumgartner"
]
} |
what is the average time in hospice care | [
"57 days"
] | [
{
"title": "Palliative care",
"text": "other hospital support staff work systematically together to carry out end of life care and comfort in the hospital setting. Hospitals are able to accommodate the demand for acute medical attention as well as education and supportive therapies for the families of their... | {
"title": "Hospice care in the United States",
"long_answer": "Many physicians are slow to refer to hospice care, waiting until they are absolutely certain of a terminal prognosis. Some physicians believe that the patient must have a six-month prognosis or less to receive hospice care, while others are overly optimistic in their assessment of prognosis, presuming treatment will be more effective than it is. As a result, the majority of patients are referred to hospice in the very end-stages of their diseases, or choose that time to seek hospice care. The average length of stay in hospice before a patient dies was 26 days in 1994 and 19 days in 1998. Although the length of average stays has since increased, the term of care continues to be underused. In 2004 the average stay was 57 days and the median length was 22 days. 33% of hospice patients admitted in 2004 died within seven days of admission.",
"chunked_long_answer": "treatment will be more effective than it is. As a result, the majority of patients are referred to hospice in the very end-stages of their diseases, or choose that time to seek hospice care. The average length of stay in hospice before a patient dies was 26 days in 1994 and 19 days in 1998. Although the length of average stays has since increased, the term of care continues to be underused. In 2004 the average stay was 57 days and the median length was 22 days. 33% of hospice patients admitted in 2004 died within seven days of admission.",
"short_answers": [
"57 days"
]
} |
calpurnia son name in to kill a mockingbird | [
"Zeebo",
"James Zeebo"
] | [
{
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird",
"text": "mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson ... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\" In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was \"to be ... the ... | {
"title": "List of To Kill a Mockingbird characters",
"long_answer": "Calpurnia, nicknamed Cal, is the Finch family's African-American housekeeper, whom the children love and Atticus deeply respects (he remarks in her defense that she \"never indulged [the children] like most colored nurses\"). She is highly regarded by Atticus. She is an important figure in Scout's life, providing discipline, instruction, and love. She also fills the maternal role for the children after their mother's death. Calpurnia is a mother herself and raised her son, Zeebo, to adulthood. Calpurnia is one of the few black characters in the novel who is able to read and write, and it is she who taught Scout to write. She learned how to read from Miss Maudie's aunt, Miss Buford, who taught her how to read out of Blackstone's Commentaries, a book given to her. Aunt Alexandra despised Calpurnia because Alexandra believed that Calpurnia was not a \"maternal figure\" for Jem and Scout, especially for Scout.",
"chunked_long_answer": "she \"never indulged [the children] like most colored nurses\"). She is highly regarded by Atticus. She is an important figure in Scout's life, providing discipline, instruction, and love. She also fills the maternal role for the children after their mother's death. Calpurnia is a mother herself and raised her son, Zeebo, to adulthood. Calpurnia is one of the few black characters in the novel who is able to read and write, and it is she who taught Scout to write. She learned how to read from Miss Maudie's aunt, Miss Buford, who taught her how to read out of Blackstone's",
"short_answers": [
"Zeebo"
]
} |
who won the american league pennant in 2017 | [
"Houston Astros",
"the Houston Astros"
] | [
{
"title": "Andrew Miller (baseball)",
"text": "2016, Miller earned the American League (AL) Championship Series Most Valuable Player (ALCS MVP) honors, while setting a number of postseason strikeout records for relievers and covering multiple relief roles and innings. He is also a two-time MLB All-Star sel... | {
"title": "2017 American League Championship Series",
"long_answer": "The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series.",
"short_answers": [
"Houston Astros",
"the Houston Astros"
]
} |
when did hollywood become the centre of the film industry | [
"1912",
"By 1912"
] | [
{
"title": "Hollywood",
"text": "By the 1930s, Hollywood studios became fully vertically integrated, as production, distribution and exhibition was controlled by these companies, enabling Hollywood to produce 600 films per year. Hollywood became known as \"Tinseltown\" and the \"dream factory\" because of t... | {
"title": "Hollywood",
"long_answer": "By 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, and filmmakers were often sued to stop their productions. To escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edison's patents could not be enforced. Also, the weather was ideal and there was quick access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry.",
"chunked_long_answer": "By 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, and filmmakers were often sued to stop their productions. To escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edison's patents could not be enforced. Also, the weather was ideal and there was quick access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry.",
"short_answers": [
"1912",
"By 1912"
]
} |
where are the cardiac and vasomotor centers found | [
"medulla oblongata",
"the medulla oblongata"
] | [
{
"title": "Cardiology",
"text": "the United States. As the center focus of cardiology, the heart has numerous anatomical features (e.g., atria, ventricles, heart valves) and numerous physiological features (e.g., systole, heart sounds, afterload) that have been encyclopedically documented for many centurie... | {
"title": "Vasomotor center",
"long_answer": "The vasomotor center (VMC) is a portion of the medulla oblongata that, together with the cardiovascular center and respiratory center, regulates blood pressure and other homeostatic processes. Vasomotor center is a fairly archaic term since this function relies not on a single brain structure (\"center\") but rather represents a presympathetic network of interacting neurons. Upon increase in carbon dioxide level at central chemoreceptors, it stimulates the sympathetic system to constrict vessels. This is opposite to carbon dioxide in tissues causing vasodilatation, especially in the brain. Cranial nerves IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) and X Vagus nerve both feed into the vasomotor centre and are themselves involved in the regulation of blood pressure. The localization of VMC was determined by Filipp Ovsyannikov in 1871.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The vasomotor center (VMC) is a portion of the medulla oblongata that, together with the cardiovascular center and respiratory center, regulates blood pressure and other homeostatic processes. Vasomotor center is a fairly archaic term since this function relies not on a single brain structure (\"center\") but rather represents a presympathetic network of interacting neurons. Upon increase in carbon dioxide level at central chemoreceptors, it stimulates the sympathetic system to constrict vessels. This is opposite to carbon dioxide in tissues causing vasodilatation, especially in the brain. Cranial nerves IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) and X Vagus nerve both feed into the vasomotor centre",
"short_answers": [
"medulla oblongata",
"the medulla oblongata"
]
} |
what is the population of the tri-cities washington | [
"283,846",
"over 300,000"
] | [
{
"title": "Tri-Cities, Washington",
"text": "of 2010, there were 48,058 people, and according to the 2000 census, 15,549 households, and 10,682 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,111.8 people per square mile (429.2/km²). There were 16,458 housing units at an average density of 472.... | {
"title": "Tri-Cities, Washington",
"long_answer": "The official 2016 estimate of MSA population of Tri-Cities is 283,846. This is over a 12% increase from 2010. (2016 US MSA estimates) 2017 estimates now show Tri-Cities as over 300,000.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The official 2016 estimate of MSA population of Tri-Cities is 283,846. This is over a 12% increase from 2010. (2016 US MSA estimates) 2017 estimates now show Tri-Cities as over 300,000.",
"short_answers": [
"283,846",
"over 300,000"
]
} |
who wrote the music for christmas story live | [
"Pasek and Paul",
"Pasek & Paul",
"Justin Paul",
"Benj Pasek"
] | [
{
"title": "A Christmas Story Live!",
"text": "A Christmas Story Live! A Christmas Story Live! is a television special that was originally broadcast by Fox on December 17, 2017. It was a live, televised musical remake of the 1983 film \"A Christmas Story\", and incorporated the 2012 stage musical version \"... | {
"title": "A Christmas Story: The Musical",
"long_answer": "A Christmas Story: The Musical is a musical version of the film A Christmas Story. The musical has music and lyrics written by Pasek & Paul and the book by Joseph Robinette. The musical takes place in the 1940s in Indiana and focuses on a child named Ralphie, who wants a Red Ryder BB Gun for Christmas.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A Christmas Story: The Musical is a musical version of the film A Christmas Story. The musical has music and lyrics written by Pasek & Paul and the book by Joseph Robinette. The musical takes place in the 1940s in Indiana and focuses on a child named Ralphie, who wants a Red Ryder BB Gun for Christmas.",
"short_answers": [
"Pasek & Paul"
]
} |
who sang the song i think we're alone now | [
"Tiffany",
"Tommy James and the Shondells"
] | [
{
"title": "I Think We're Alone Now",
"text": "minutes. On the B-side of the song is the single \"Christmas Song\". 7\" CD single In 2006, the British all-female pop group Girls Aloud recorded a cover version of \"I Think We're Alone Now\" for their greatest hits album \"The Sound of Girls Aloud\" and the s... | {
"title": "I Think We're Alone Now",
"long_answer": "\"I Think We're Alone Now\" is a song written and composed by Ritchie Cordell that was the title selection from a same-named album released by the American recording artists Tommy James and the Shondells. \"I Think We're Alone Now\" was a 1967 US hit for James and the Shondells, reaching number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song has since been covered several times by other artists. The late 1987 recording by Tiffany reached number 1 on the charts of various countries including the US, UK, Canada, and New Zealand. One month earlier, another Tommy James song had also hit number 1—Billy Idol's version of \"Mony, Mony\". Other cover versions have also charted, including those by The Rubinoos (number 45 US, 1977) and Girls Aloud (number 4 UK, 2006).",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"I Think We're Alone Now\" is a song written and composed by Ritchie Cordell that was the title selection from a same-named album released by the American recording artists Tommy James and the Shondells. \"I Think We're Alone Now\" was a 1967 US hit for James and the Shondells, reaching number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song has since been covered several times by other artists. The late 1987 recording by Tiffany reached number 1 on the charts of various countries including the US, UK, Canada, and New Zealand. One month earlier, another Tommy James song had",
"short_answers": [
"Tiffany",
"Tommy James and the Shondells"
]
} |
when does mexico play in the winter olympics | [
"9 to 25 February 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Ice hockey in Mexico",
"text": "Mexican Elite League () on 2 October 2010, with the goal to establishing Mexico's high-level international competitor in ice hockey. Currently it has four professional teams and 17 associated equipment. The men's national team played its first game on 10 April 200... | {
"title": "Mexico at the 2018 Winter Olympics",
"long_answer": "Mexico competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with four competitors in three sports.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mexico competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with four competitors in three sports.",
"short_answers": [
"9 to 25 February 2018"
]
} |
when was the abacus invented in ancient china | [
"2nd century BC"
] | [
{
"title": "Abacus",
"text": "Abacus The abacus (\"plural\" abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in Europe, China and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus is still unknown. Today, a... | {
"title": "Abacus",
"long_answer": "The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.",
"short_answers": [
"2nd century BC"
]
} |
the nurses' health study is an example of what type of study | [
"long-term",
"prospective",
"prospective studies"
] | [
{
"title": "Nurses' Health Study",
"text": "These conditions demonstrated relationships with states of health, such as risk of developing chronic disease. Because the women continued submitting their responses as time passed, the Nurses' Health Study was the first cohort study of such magnitude to follow a ... | {
"title": "Nurses' Health Study",
"long_answer": "The Nurses' Health Study (NHS), is a series of prospective studies that examine epidemiology and the long-term effects of nutrition, hormones, environment, and nurses' work-life on health and disease development. The studies are among the largest investigations into risk factors for major chronic diseases ever conducted. The NHS studies have led to many insights on health and well-being, including cancer prevention, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes (type 2). The studies include clinicians, epidemiologists, and statisticians at the Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, and several Harvard-affiliated hospitals, including Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Nurses' Health Study (NHS), is a series of prospective studies that examine epidemiology and the long-term effects of nutrition, hormones, environment, and nurses' work-life on health and disease development. The studies are among the largest investigations into risk factors for major chronic diseases ever conducted. The NHS studies have led to many insights on health and well-being, including cancer prevention, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes (type 2). The studies include clinicians, epidemiologists, and statisticians at the Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, and several Harvard-affiliated hospitals, including Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital",
"short_answers": [
"long-term",
"prospective",
"prospective studies"
]
} |
who plays the little girl in jurassic park | [
"Ariana Clarice Richards"
] | [
{
"title": "Jurassic Park (film)",
"text": "so I spent endless time in a drug store to find the most photogenic. I went with Barbasol, which ended up in the movie. I was so broke that I took the can home after the audition to use it.\" Laura Dern was Spielberg's first choice for the role of Ellie Sattler th... | {
"title": "Ariana Richards",
"long_answer": "Ariana Clarice Richards (born September 11, 1979) is an American actress and painter. She is best known for her role as Lex Murphy in the blockbuster film Jurassic Park. Richards won several Young Artist Awards for her acting, but since adulthood has focused on her art career.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ariana Clarice Richards (born September 11, 1979) is an American actress and painter. She is best known for her role as Lex Murphy in the blockbuster film Jurassic Park. Richards won several Young Artist Awards for her acting, but since adulthood has focused on her art career.",
"short_answers": [
"Ariana Clarice Richards"
]
} |
who took over the dutch colony in north america | [
"England",
"English"
] | [
{
"title": "Adriaen van der Donck",
"text": "took over the colony, the city of New Amsterdam retained the municipal charter van der Donck had lobbied for, including uniquely Dutch features, such as a guarantee of free trade. Adriaen van der Donck Adriaen Cornelissen van der Donck (16181655) was a lawyer and... | {
"title": "Dutch colonization of the Americas",
"long_answer": "In 1664, an English naval expedition ordered by Prince James, Duke of York and of Albany (later King James II & VII) sailed in the harbor at New Amsterdam, threatening to attack. Being greatly outnumbered, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant surrendered after negotiating favorable articles of capitulation. The Province then took a new name, New York (from James's English title). Fort Orange was renamed Fort Albany (from James's Scottish title). The region between the lower Hudson and the Delaware was deeded to proprietors and called New Jersey.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1664, an English naval expedition ordered by Prince James, Duke of York and of Albany (later King James II & VII) sailed in the harbor at New Amsterdam, threatening to attack. Being greatly outnumbered, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant surrendered after negotiating favorable articles of capitulation. The Province then took a new name, New York (from James's English title). Fort Orange was renamed Fort Albany (from James's Scottish title). The region between the lower Hudson and the Delaware was deeded to proprietors and called New Jersey.",
"short_answers": [
"English"
]
} |
where in the constitution is the executive branch referenced | [
"Article Two"
] | [
{
"title": "Constitution",
"text": "the use of the metric system of measurement instead of national units previously used. Constitutions usually explicitly divide power between various branches of government. The standard model, described by the Baron de Montesquieu, involves three branches of government: e... | {
"title": "Article Two of the United States Constitution",
"long_answer": "Article Two of the United States Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which carries out and enforces federal laws. The executive branch includes the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Article Two of the United States Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which carries out and enforces federal laws. The executive branch includes the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees.",
"short_answers": [
"Article Two"
]
} |
when is the second half of vikings season 5 coming out | [
"2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Vikings (season 5)",
"text": "Morgan O'Sullivan, Sheila Hockin, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn, John Weber, and Michael Hirst are credited as executive producers. This season was produced by Keith Thompson for the first four episodes, and Liz Gill for the fifth to thirteenth episodes. Bi... | {
"title": "Vikings (season 5)",
"long_answer": "The fifth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half will premiere in 2018. The premise of the fifth season differs from the previous four after the departure of Travis Fimmel as Ragnar, and it now follows the adventures of his sons. Jonathan Rhys Meyers is introduced as a major character, after his initial appearance in the fourth season's finale.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fifth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half will premiere in 2018. The premise of the fifth season differs from the previous four after the departure of Travis Fimmel as Ragnar, and it now follows the adventures of his sons. Jonathan Rhys Meyers is introduced as a major character, after his initial appearance in the fourth season's finale.",
"short_answers": [
"2018"
]
} |
who coined the phrase let them eat cake | [
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau"
] | [
{
"title": "Let them eat cake",
"text": "a 7th-century chronicle of the Chinese Jin Dynasty, reports that when Emperor Hui (259–307) of Western Jin was told that his people were starving because there was no rice, he said, \"Why don't they eat (ground) meat?\" (何不食肉糜), showing his incompetence. Let them eat... | {
"title": "Let them eat cake",
"long_answer": "While the phrase is commonly attributed to Queen Marie Antoinette, there is no record of her having said it. It appears in book six of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions, his autobiography (whose first six books were written in 1765, when Marie Antoinette was nine years of age, and published in 1782). The context of Rousseau's account was his desire to have some bread to accompany some wine he had stolen; however, feeling he was too elegantly dressed to go into an ordinary bakery, he recollected the words of a \"great princess\":",
"chunked_long_answer": "While the phrase is commonly attributed to Queen Marie Antoinette, there is no record of her having said it. It appears in book six of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions, his autobiography (whose first six books were written in 1765, when Marie Antoinette was nine years of age, and published in 1782). The context of Rousseau's account was his desire to have some bread to accompany some wine he had stolen; however, feeling he was too elegantly dressed to go into an ordinary bakery, he recollected the words of a \"great princess\":",
"short_answers": [
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau"
]
} |
sri lanka belongs to which part of asia | [
"South Asia"
] | [
{
"title": "Geography of Sri Lanka",
"text": "Geography of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, formerly called \"Ceylon\", is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, in a strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. The nation has a total area of 65,610 km², with 64,740 km² of ... | {
"title": "South Asia",
"long_answer": "The current territories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The current territories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia.",
"short_answers": [
"South Asia"
]
} |
when was the $1 000 bill discontinued | [
"1969",
"December 27, 1945",
"July 14, 1969"
] | [
{
"title": "United States five-dollar bill",
"text": "$5 bill in circulation is 5.5 years before it is replaced due to wear. Approximately 6% of all paper currency produced by the U.S. Treasury's Bureau of Engraving and Printing in 2009 were $5 bills. The redesigned $5 bill was unveiled on September 20, 200... | {
"title": "Large denominations of United States currency",
"long_answer": "Although they are still legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System, due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Although they are still legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System, due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then.",
"short_answers": [
"December 27, 1945",
"July 14, 1969"
]
} |
when does star wars battlefront 2 com out | [
"November 17, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005 video game)",
"text": "which re-enables multiplayer and allows for Steam and GOG cross play, with a second patch released on January 3, 2018, which featured minor bug fixes and performance optimizations. A Disney spokesperson told \"Polygon\" that GOG Galaxy was \... | {
"title": "Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)",
"long_answer": "Star Wars Battlefront II is an action shooter video game based on the Star Wars film franchise. It is the fourth major installment of the Star Wars: Battlefront series and seventh overall, and a sequel to the 2015 reboot of the series. It was developed by EA DICE, in collaboration with Criterion Games and Motive Studios, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released worldwide on November 17, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Star Wars Battlefront II is an action shooter video game based on the Star Wars film franchise. It is the fourth major installment of the Star Wars: Battlefront series and seventh overall, and a sequel to the 2015 reboot of the series. It was developed by EA DICE, in collaboration with Criterion Games and Motive Studios, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released worldwide on November 17, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.",
"short_answers": [
"November 17, 2017"
]
} |
who sings gimme some lovin in days of thunder | [
"The Spencer Davis Group",
"Spencer Davis Group"
] | [
{
"title": "Johnny Thunder (singer)",
"text": "reaching no. 67 in late 1965. In 1967, he had another minor hit as part of a duo with Ruby Winters on \"Make Love To Me\". In 1969, Thunder released his first single for Calla Records, the \"raucous\" rock song \"I'm Alive\", featuring \"Verbal Expressions of T... | {
"title": "Days of Thunder (soundtrack)",
"long_answer": "The song \"Gimme Some Lovin'\" is credited to Terry Reid, but the version in the movie is actually from The Spencer Davis Group. \"Gimme Some Lovin'\" also featured on Reid's 1991 solo album, The Driver, along with an alternate version of \"The Last Note of Freedom\" with different lyrics, titled \"The Driver (Part 2)\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "The song \"Gimme Some Lovin'\" is credited to Terry Reid, but the version in the movie is actually from The Spencer Davis Group. \"Gimme Some Lovin'\" also featured on Reid's 1991 solo album, The Driver, along with an alternate version of \"The Last Note of Freedom\" with different lyrics, titled \"The Driver (Part 2)\".",
"short_answers": [
"The Spencer Davis Group"
]
} |
how many languages in harry potter translated into | [
"over 74",
"over 74 languages"
] | [
{
"title": "Harry Potter in translation",
"text": "plus the original English. The number of authorized translations is not equal to the number of languages because there have been multiple authorized translations into the same language. Specifically, there have been two separate translations into each of: M... | {
"title": "Harry Potter in translation",
"long_answer": "The Harry Potter series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD. Additionally, regional adaptations of the books have been made to accommodate regional dialects such as the American English edition or the Valencian adaptation of Catalan.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Harry Potter series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD. Additionally, regional adaptations of the books have been made to accommodate regional dialects such as the American English edition or the",
"short_answers": [
"over 74",
"over 74 languages"
]
} |
how many episodes of greys anatomy season 14 | [
"24",
"24 episodes",
"21"
] | [
{
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)",
"text": "a 14th season on February 10, 2017. It premiered on September 28, 2017, with a two-hour premiere. Ellen Pompeo announced that she would be directing several episodes in the 14th season. On April 28, 2017, veteran writer Krista Vernoff announced that she woul... | {
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)",
"long_answer": "The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season will consist of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season will consist of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper.",
"short_answers": [
"24",
"24 episodes"
]
} |
the road that connects the tombs is called | [
"\"Spirit Way\""
] | [
{
"title": "Tombs of the Kings (Jerusalem)",
"text": "Tombs of the Kings (Jerusalem) The Tombs of the Kings () () are a collection of rock cut tombs in East Jerusalem believed to be the burial site of Queen Helene of Adiabene. The tombs are located 820 meters north of Jerusalem's Old City walls in the Sheik... | {
"title": "Ming tombs",
"long_answer": "A 7-kilometer (4 mi) road named the \"Spirit Way\" (pinyin: Shéndào) leads into the complex, lined with statues of guardian animals and officials, with a front gate consisting of a three-arches, painted red, and called the \"Great Red Gate\". The Spirit Way, or Sacred Way, starts with a huge stone memorial archway lying at the front of the area. Constructed in 1540, during the Ming dynasty, this archway is one of the biggest stone archways in China today.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A 7-kilometer (4 mi) road named the \"Spirit Way\" (pinyin: Shéndào) leads into the complex, lined with statues of guardian animals and officials, with a front gate consisting of a three-arches, painted red, and called the \"Great Red Gate\". The Spirit Way, or Sacred Way, starts with a huge stone memorial archway lying at the front of the area. Constructed in 1540, during the Ming dynasty, this archway is one of the biggest stone archways in China today.",
"short_answers": [
"\"Spirit Way\""
]
} |
who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development | [
"Alfred Russel Wallace",
"Charles Darwin"
] | [
{
"title": "History of zoology since 1859",
"text": "mechanism of inheritance remained a mystery. In the early 20th century, the rediscovery of Mendel's work led to the rapid development of genetics by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students, and by the 1930s the combination of population genetics and natural s... | {
"title": "History of evolutionary thought",
"long_answer": "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during \"the eclipse of Darwinism\" (c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th-century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology—the modern synthesis.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until",
"short_answers": [
"Alfred Russel Wallace",
"Charles Darwin"
]
} |
what is the membrane on the surface of the stomach called | [
"the visceral membrane",
"Serous Membrane"
] | [
{
"title": "Gastric mucosa",
"text": "of surface epithelium and gastric pits of the fundus and pyloric part of the stomach. Gastric mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smo... | {
"title": "Serous membrane",
"long_answer": "In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid. The inner layer that covers organs (viscera) in body cavities is called the visceral membrane. A second layer of epithelial cells of the serous membrane, called the parietal layer, lines the body wall. Between the two layers is a potential space, mostly empty except for a few milliliters of lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the two serous membranes.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid. The inner layer that covers organs (viscera) in body cavities is called the visceral membrane. A second layer of epithelial cells of the serous membrane, called the parietal layer, lines the body wall. Between the two layers is a potential space, mostly empty except for a few milliliters of lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the two serous membranes.",
"short_answers": [
"the visceral membrane"
]
} |
where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why | [
"oral passage",
"salivary glands",
"gastrointestinal tract",
"breast",
"skin",
"thyroid",
"lung",
"nasopharyngeal tract",
"eye"
] | [
{
"title": "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue",
"text": "deliver it to the lymphoid tissue. There are three types of situations in which MALT is present- Tonsils, Appendix, Small Intestinal area The components of MALT are sometimes subdivided into the following: It can be also distinguished by level of orga... | {
"title": "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue",
"long_answer": "The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract,oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. In the case of intestinal MALT, M cells are also present, which sample antigen from the lumen and deliver it to the lymphoid tissue.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract,oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. In the case of intestinal MALT, M cells are also present, which sample antigen from the lumen and deliver it to the",
"short_answers": [
"breast",
"eye",
"gastrointestinal tract",
"lung",
"nasopharyngeal tract",
"oral passage",
"salivary glands",
"skin",
"thyroid"
]
} |
when is the publishers clearing house sweepstakes drawing | [
"just after the Super Bowl"
] | [
{
"title": "Publishers Clearing House",
"text": "Publishers Clearing House Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is a direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games. Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 by Harold Mertz to replace door-t... | {
"title": "Publishers Clearing House",
"long_answer": "Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to much less than their nominal values.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to",
"short_answers": [
"just after the Super Bowl"
]
} |
where does summer of the monkeys take place | [
"Oklahoma",
"Missouri"
] | [
{
"title": "Summer of the Monkeys (film)",
"text": "place in rural Canada and featured Heritage Park Historical Village 0-6-0 Steam Locomotive #2024 as the Circus train. It was built by Lima Locomotive Works in 1944 and originally US Army Locomotive #4076. Shots of the park's town were also used for town sc... | {
"title": "Summer of the Monkeys",
"long_answer": "The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, \"Jimbo\", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has",
"short_answers": [
"Missouri",
"Oklahoma"
]
} |
when does ellen's new game show start | [
"December 18, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "Ellen's Game of Games",
"text": "can win the game without having to answer a question when opponents all fail. Starting in Season Two, when two contestants remain, the round ends and new rules are put in effect. When one contestant misses, the other remaining contestant must answer the same ques... | {
"title": "Ellen's Game of Games",
"long_answer": "Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hourlong episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode second season.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hourlong episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode second",
"short_answers": [
"December 18, 2017"
]
} |
when does season 5 of ruby come out | [
"October 14, 2017",
"October 14, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "Max & Ruby",
"text": "produced by Nelvana and Treehouse in seasons 1–6, and 9 Story Media Group in seasons 3–5 in Canada, and Silver Lining Productions in seasons 1–3, and Chorion in season 4 in the United States. A sixth season of the series premiered on September 18, 2016, with a new main voic... | {
"title": "List of RWBY episodes",
"long_answer": "The fifth Volume premiered on October 14, 2017, a date which was first announced at the RTX Austin 2017 event. The episodes are released to Rooster Teeth FIRST members Saturdays at 10am CT, then to Rooster Teeth registered members the following Tuesday, and to the general public the following Saturday.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fifth Volume premiered on October 14, 2017, a date which was first announced at the RTX Austin 2017 event. The episodes are released to Rooster Teeth FIRST members Saturdays at 10am CT, then to Rooster Teeth registered members the following Tuesday, and to the general public the following Saturday.",
"short_answers": [
"October 14, 2017"
]
} |
when does the boy in the striped pajamas take place | [
"World War II",
"during World War II"
] | [
{
"title": "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas",
"text": "early portion of the novel, writing: \"Boyne's reluctance to say as much can certainly be defended, not least on the grounds that the characters in a story about the Holocaust are themselves most likely unaware of the scale and historical importance of t... | {
"title": "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas",
"long_answer": "Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to \"Out-With\" because of the orders of \"The Fury\" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word 'Führer'). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz) and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl, and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One day, Bruno decides to explore the strange wire fence. As he walks along the fence, he meets a Jewish boy named Shmuel, who he learns shares his birthday. Shmuel says that his father, grandfather, and brother are with him on this side of the fence, but he is separated from his mother. Bruno and Shmuel talk and become very good friends, although Bruno still does not understand very much about Shmuel and his side of the fence. Nearly every day, unless it's raining, Bruno goes to see Shmuel and sneaks him food. As the meetings go on, and Shmuel gets more and more skinny, Bruno's naïveté means he never realizes he is living beside a death camp.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to \"Out-With\" because of the orders of \"The Fury\" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word 'Führer'). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz) and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl, and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One",
"short_answers": [
"World War II",
"during World War II"
]
} |
which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex | [
"face",
"the human hands"
] | [
{
"title": "Primary motor cortex",
"text": "Primary motor cortex The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. It is the primary region of the motor system and works in association with other motor areas including premotor c... | {
"title": "Primary motor cortex",
"long_answer": "At the primary motor cortex, motor representation is orderly arranged (in an inverted fashion) from the toe (at the top of the cerebral hemisphere) to mouth (at the bottom) along a fold in the cortex called the central sulcus. However, some body parts may be controlled by partially overlapping regions of cortex. Each cerebral hemisphere of the primary motor cortex only contains a motor representation of the opposite (contralateral) side of the body. The amount of primary motor cortex devoted to a body part is not proportional to the absolute size of the body surface, but, instead, to the relative density of cutaneous motor receptors on said body part. The density of cutaneous motor receptors on the body part is generally indicative of the necessary degree of precision of movement required at that body part. For this reason, the human hands and face have a much larger representation than the legs.",
"chunked_long_answer": "cortex. Each cerebral hemisphere of the primary motor cortex only contains a motor representation of the opposite (contralateral) side of the body. The amount of primary motor cortex devoted to a body part is not proportional to the absolute size of the body surface, but, instead, to the relative density of cutaneous motor receptors on said body part. The density of cutaneous motor receptors on the body part is generally indicative of the necessary degree of precision of movement required at that body part. For this reason, the human hands and face have a much larger representation than the legs.",
"short_answers": [
"face",
"the human hands"
]
} |
who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana | [
"Valmiki",
"the Hindu sage Valmiki"
] | [
{
"title": "Ramayana",
"text": "masterpiece of India, popularly known as \"Tulsi-krita Ramayana\". Gujarati poet Premanand wrote a version of the \"Ramayana\" in the 17th century. Other versions include Krittivasi Ramayan, a Bengali version by Krittibas Ojha in the 15th century; Vilanka Ramayana by 15th cen... | {
"title": "Ramayana",
"long_answer": "The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest from the kingdom, by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his second wife Kaikeyi. His travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of his wife by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, resulting in a war with him, and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest from the kingdom, by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his second wife Kaikeyi. His travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of his wife by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, resulting in a war with him, and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king.",
"short_answers": [
"Valmiki",
"the Hindu sage Valmiki"
]
} |
who wrote the song what child is this | [
"William Chatterton Dix"
] | [
{
"title": "Desmond Child",
"text": "Desmond Child Desmond Child (born John Charles Barrett; October 28, 1953) is an American songwriter and producer. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008. He is the son of Hungarian father Joseph Marfy and a Cuban songwriter Elena Casals. His hits as a ... | {
"title": "What Child Is This?",
"long_answer": "\"What Child Is This?\" is a Christmas carol whose lyrics were written by William Chatterton Dix, in 1865. At the time of composing the carol, Dix worked as an insurance company manager and had been struck by a severe illness. While recovering, he underwent a spiritual renewal that led him to write several hymns, including lyrics to this carol that was subsequently set to the tune of \"Greensleeves\", a traditional English folk song. Although it was written in Great Britain, the carol is more popular in the United States than in its country of origin today.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"What Child Is This?\" is a Christmas carol whose lyrics were written by William Chatterton Dix, in 1865. At the time of composing the carol, Dix worked as an insurance company manager and had been struck by a severe illness. While recovering, he underwent a spiritual renewal that led him to write several hymns, including lyrics to this carol that was subsequently set to the tune of \"Greensleeves\", a traditional English folk song. Although it was written in Great Britain, the carol is more popular in the United States than in its country of origin today.",
"short_answers": [
"William Chatterton Dix"
]
} |
what type of government is in north america | [
"Federal presidential constitutional republic",
"federal republic"
] | [
{
"title": "Government of Canada",
"text": "authority, that indeed ideal 'democracy' consists precisely in this kind of plebiscitary autocracy.\" Government of Canada The Government of Canada (), officially Her Majesty's Government (), is the federal administration of Canada. In Canadian English, the term c... | {
"title": "United States",
"long_answer": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/əˈmɛrɪkə/), is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/əˈmɛrɪkə/), is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state",
"short_answers": [
"federal republic"
]
} |
when did the eagles last play in a superbowl | [
"2017 season"
] | [
{
"title": "Veterans Stadium",
"text": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the NFC Championship Game on January 19, 2003. The Eagles moved into Lincoln Financial Field in August 2003. The final game ever played at the stadium was the afternoon of September 28, 2003, a 5-2 Phillies loss to the Atlanta Braves. The final... | {
"title": "2004 Philadelphia Eagles season",
"long_answer": "The Eagles had far and away the best team in the NFC and proved that right from the start. Possessing a high-powered offense which featured McNabb, Owens, and Brian Westbrook, as well as a bruising defense led by Pro Bowlers Trotter, Brian Dawkins, Lito Sheppard, and Michael Lewis, they steamrolled opponents on the way to a 13–1 start to the season. After resting starters for the final two games, the 13–3 Eagles soared past the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs, earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots. The game was hard fought, but the Eagles fell 24–21, ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal. This season was considered the franchise's most successful until their Super Bowl LII-winning 2017 season.",
"chunked_long_answer": "led by Pro Bowlers Trotter, Brian Dawkins, Lito Sheppard, and Michael Lewis, they steamrolled opponents on the way to a 13–1 start to the season. After resting starters for the final two games, the 13–3 Eagles soared past the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs, earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots. The game was hard fought, but the Eagles fell 24–21, ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal. This season was considered the franchise's most successful until their Super Bowl LII-winning 2017 season.",
"short_answers": [
"2017 season"
]
} |
what happens when an air mass is pushed up and over a mountain range | [
"Orographic lift"
] | [
{
"title": "Air mass",
"text": "oriented clouds (see satellite picture) which produce snow showers. The temperature decrease with height and cloud depth are directly affected by both the water temperature and the large-scale environment. The stronger the temperature decrease with height, the deeper the clou... | {
"title": "Orographic lift",
"long_answer": "Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation.",
"short_answers": [
"Orographic lift"
]
} |
when did the great fire of london end | [
"5 September 1666",
"Wednesday, 5 September 1666"
] | [
{
"title": "Great Fire of London",
"text": "the bridge, a long gap between the buildings which had saved the south side of the Thames in the fire of 1632 and now did so again. Flying embers started a fire in Southwark but it was quickly stopped. The fire's spread to the north reached the financial heart of ... | {
"title": "Great Fire of London",
"long_answer": "The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.",
"short_answers": [
"5 September 1666",
"Wednesday, 5 September 1666"
]
} |
who created the convention on the rights of the child | [
"The UN General Assembly",
"The United Nations"
] | [
{
"title": "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child The United States has signed the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), but is the only United Nations member state that is not a party to it. The U... | {
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"long_answer": "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation.",
"short_answers": [
"The United Nations"
]
} |
pace maker is associated with which body organ | [
"heart",
"the heart"
] | [
{
"title": "Pacemaker (running)",
"text": "Pacemaker (running) A pacemaker or pacesetter, sometimes informally called a rabbit, is a runner who leads a middle- or long distance running event for the first section to ensure a fast time and avoid excessive tactical racing. Pacemakers are frequently employed b... | {
"title": "Artificial cardiac pacemaker",
"long_answer": "A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.",
"short_answers": [
"heart",
"the heart"
]
} |
who won the most mvp awards in the nba | [
"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
] | [
{
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award",
"text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner re... | {
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award",
"long_answer": "Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have won the award: Wilt Chamberlain in the 1959–60 season and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered \"international players\" by the NBA.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice.",
"short_answers": [
"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
]
} |
who was originally cast to play indiana jones | [
"Tom Selleck"
] | [
{
"title": "Cowboys & Aliens",
"text": "Aliens\", Ford had previously acted in the Western films \"A Time for Killing\" in 1967, \"Journey to Shiloh\" in 1969 and \"The Frisco Kid\" in 1979. While Ford is well known for playing Indiana Jones, the filmmakers wanted to avoid giving him a cowboy hat that would... | {
"title": "Indiana Jones",
"long_answer": "Originally, Spielberg suggested Harrison Ford; Lucas resisted the idea, since he had already cast the actor in American Graffiti, Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, and did not want Ford to become known as his \"Bobby De Niro\" (in reference to the fact that fellow director Martin Scorsese regularly casts Robert De Niro in his films). During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast actor Tom Selleck as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward pre-production began in earnest on Raiders of the Lost Ark. However, CBS refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to Magnum, P.I. (which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role. One of CBS's concerns was that shooting for Magnum P.I. conflicted with shooting for Raiders, both of which were to begin about the same time. However, Selleck was to say later in an interview that shooting for Magnum P.I. was delayed and did not actually begin until shooting for Raiders had concluded.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, and did not want Ford to become known as his \"Bobby De Niro\" (in reference to the fact that fellow director Martin Scorsese regularly casts Robert De Niro in his films). During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast actor Tom Selleck as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward pre-production began in earnest on Raiders of the Lost Ark. However, CBS refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to Magnum, P.I. (which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role. One of CBS's",
"short_answers": [
"Tom Selleck"
]
} |
when was the first temple built in jerusalem | [
"the mid-10th century BCE"
] | [
{
"title": "Second Temple",
"text": "Second Temple The Second Temple (, \"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Templ... | {
"title": "Solomon's Temple",
"long_answer": "The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh. According to the biblical sources, the temple was constructed under Solomon, during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah. The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects, workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem. He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea. 1 Kings 6:1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple \"in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel\". The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE. This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE. Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9:10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace. The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years. During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh, the God of Israel, and housed the Ark of the Covenant. Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE (3338 AM), 165 years later than secular estimates.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea. 1 Kings 6:1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple \"in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel\". The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE. This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE. Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9:10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the",
"short_answers": [
"the mid-10th century BCE"
]
} |
who was the grandfather on the cosby show | [
"Earle Hyman"
] | [
{
"title": "Bill Cosby",
"text": "Bill Cosby William Henry Cosby Jr. (; born July 12, 1937) is an American former stand-up comedian, actor, musician, author, and convicted sex offender. Cosby began his career as a stand-up comic at the hungry i in San Francisco during the 1960s. He then landed a starring ro... | {
"title": "Earle Hyman",
"long_answer": "Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 – November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 – November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable.",
"short_answers": [
"Earle Hyman"
]
} |
where did the tea come from in the boston tea party | [
"England",
"East India Company",
"the East India Company"
] | [
{
"title": "Boston Tea Party",
"text": "than 2,000 chests containing nearly 600,000 pounds of tea. Americans learned the details of the Tea Act while the ships were en route, and opposition began to mount. Whigs, sometimes calling themselves Sons of Liberty, began a campaign to raise awareness and to convin... | {
"title": "Boston Tea Party",
"long_answer": "The Boston Tea Party was a political protest and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying any taxes, thus undercutting local tea merchants, the demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Boston Tea Party was a political protest and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying any taxes, thus undercutting local tea merchants, the demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company.",
"short_answers": [
"East India Company",
"the East India Company"
]
} |
what country shares borders with both belarus and romania | [
"Ukraine"
] | [
{
"title": "Belarus–Lithuania border",
"text": "border is based on the border between Lithuanian SSR and Belarusian SSR within Soviet Union, which had remained largely stable since 1940. Since 2004 the border has served as the outer border of the European Union and, since 2007, the Schengen area. These deve... | {
"title": "State Border of Ukraine",
"long_answer": "Ukraine borders with seven countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Russia, and Belarus. The total length of the Ukrainian border is 6,992.98 km (4,345.24 mi). In reality Ukraine does not have real established and ratified borders with Russia, Belarus, and Moldova (republics of the former Soviet Union). The borders with other countries were inherited from the Soviet border patrol service which was recreated into the Ukrainian after the fall of the Soviet Union.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ukraine borders with seven countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Russia, and Belarus. The total length of the Ukrainian border is 6,992.98 km (4,345.24 mi). In reality Ukraine does not have real established and ratified borders with Russia, Belarus, and Moldova (republics of the former Soviet Union). The borders with other countries were inherited from the Soviet border patrol service which was recreated into the Ukrainian after the fall of the Soviet Union.",
"short_answers": [
"Ukraine"
]
} |
who was one of the first to chart the course of forgetting over time | [
"Hermann Ebbinghaus"
] | [
{
"title": "Ed Cooke (author)",
"text": "(a microwave in the kitchen). He also features prominently in Joshua Foer's \"Moonwalking with Einstein\", having acted as memory coach to Foer, who went on to become U.S. Memory Champion. He is co-founder of Memrise, an online educational platform that uses memory t... | {
"title": "Forgetting curve",
"long_answer": "In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus collected data to plot a forgetting curve. Today, we approximate forgetting with an exponential curve:",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus collected data to plot a forgetting curve. Today, we approximate forgetting with an exponential curve:",
"short_answers": [
"Hermann Ebbinghaus"
]
} |
the most stable mineral at the earth's surface | [
"quartz",
"feldspar"
] | [
{
"title": "Calcite",
"text": "Calcite Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO). The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 3 as \"calcite\". Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vate... | {
"title": "Sandstone",
"long_answer": "Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface, as seen in Bowen's reaction series. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface, as seen in Bowen's reaction series. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.",
"short_answers": [
"feldspar",
"quartz"
]
} |
who did the whistling in the muppet movie | [
"Andrew Bird",
"musician Andrew Bird"
] | [
{
"title": "The Muppets (film)",
"text": "a whistling act, which is unanimously praised by the audience. Refusing to lose, Richman disables the telephone lines and evicts the Muppets from the theater, after the latter fall short of their monetary goal. Kermit gathers the group in the lobby and delivers a sp... | {
"title": "Walter (Muppet)",
"long_answer": "Later in the film, Walter starts to question whether he is man, which he was believed to be his entire life, or actually a Muppet, which was why he always felt a strong connection towards them. This emotion eventually leads him to sing the Academy Award-winning song, \"Man or Muppet\", where the human version of Walter is portrayed by actor Jim Parsons. The scene is pivotal to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird. At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member.",
"chunked_long_answer": "or actually a Muppet, which was why he always felt a strong connection towards them. This emotion eventually leads him to sing the Academy Award-winning song, \"Man or Muppet\", where the human version of Walter is portrayed by actor Jim Parsons. The scene is pivotal to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird. At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member.",
"short_answers": [
"Andrew Bird",
"musician Andrew Bird"
]
} |
how many games in a row have the uconn women's basketball team won | [
"111 straight wins",
"111",
"90"
] | [
{
"title": "2016–17 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team",
"text": "UConn Huskies on the sustained excellence it has taken to establish a new consecutive games won record. Even though they make it look easy at times, 91 wins and counting is an unbelievable accomplishment. It is saying something when ... | {
"title": "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball",
"long_answer": "UConn owns the two longest winning streaks, any gender, in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of the overtime caused a loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four by Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008–09 and 2009–10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second – three seasons later – on December 19, 2010.",
"chunked_long_answer": "longest winning streaks, any gender, in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of the overtime caused a loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four by Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008–09 and 2009–10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second – three seasons later – on December 19, 2010.",
"short_answers": [
"111",
"111 straight wins",
"90"
]
} |
when did scotland last qualify for world cup | [
"1998"
] | [
{
"title": "Scotland national football team",
"text": "finishing third in their qualifying group behind Croatia and Belgium. This second successive failure to qualify prompted Craig Brown to resign from his position after the final qualifying match. The SFA appointed former Germany manager Berti Vogts as Br... | {
"title": "Scotland at the FIFA World Cup",
"long_answer": "Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup. John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux, but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat. Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup. John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux, but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat. Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.",
"short_answers": [
"1998"
]
} |
who plays the main character in hacksaw ridge | [
"Andrew Garfield"
] | [
{
"title": "Hacksaw Ridge",
"text": "Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles. The film was released in the United States on November 4, 2016, grossing $175.3 million worldwide and received largely positive reviews, with Gibson's direction... | {
"title": "Hacksaw Ridge",
"long_answer": "Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector. The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa. Andrew Garfield stars as Doss, with Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles.",
"chunked_long_answer": "and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector. The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa. Andrew Garfield stars as Doss, with Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles.",
"short_answers": [
"Andrew Garfield"
]
} |
who opens the church of the holy sepulchre | [
"the Sunni Muslim family",
"the Nusaybah family"
] | [
{
"title": "Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre",
"text": "and at midnight, while chanting their Office, they go in procession to the tomb of the Saviour, where they intone the Benedictus. Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, in 1869, on his way to the opening of the Suez Canal, visited the Holy Land. He conferred nume... | {
"title": "Nusaybah clan",
"long_answer": "According to tradition, the Nusaybah family took its name from a female companion or Sahabah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad named Nusaybah bint Ka'ab. She was a member of the Ansar who transferred their political power over Medina to the prophet. Nusaybah fought along with Muhammed in battle and was an early example of women taking leadership roles in Islam. Since the arrival of Islam in Jerusalem in the seventh century, the Sunni Muslim family has held the keys of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre alongside the Joudeh Al-Goudia family (who were added to the original arrangement in the time of Saladin, the Muslim conqueror who seized the holy city from the Crusaders in 1187). This arrangement emerged during the days of the second Sunni caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab, who hoped to avoid clashes among rival Christian sects for control over the church. Although symbolic, the arrangement has provided the stability the Christians of the city needed, and is a symbol of tolerance and inter-religious harmony, and gave the Nusaybah family a visible role in Christian activities in Jerusalem, which include pilgrimages and visits by Western Christians.",
"chunked_long_answer": "According to tradition, the Nusaybah family took its name from a female companion or Sahabah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad named Nusaybah bint Ka'ab. She was a member of the Ansar who transferred their political power over Medina to the prophet. Nusaybah fought along with Muhammed in battle and was an early example of women taking leadership roles in Islam. Since the arrival of Islam in Jerusalem in the seventh century, the Sunni Muslim family has held the keys of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre alongside the Joudeh Al-Goudia family (who were added to the original arrangement in the time of Saladin, the Muslim conqueror who seized the holy city from the Crusaders in 1187). This arrangement emerged during the days of the second Sunni caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab, who hoped to avoid clashes among rival Christian sects for control over the church. Although symbolic, the arrangement has provided the stability the Christians of the city needed, and is a symbol of tolerance and inter-religious harmony, and gave the Nusaybah family a visible role in Christian activities in Jerusalem, which include pilgrimages and visits by Western Christians.",
"short_answers": [
"the Sunni Muslim family",
"the Nusaybah family"
]
} |
india participated olympic hockey for the first time | [
"1927",
"1928"
] | [
{
"title": "India at the 2016 Summer Olympics",
"text": "team qualified for the Olympics by receiving a berth and earning the gold medal from the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon. ---- India women's field hockey team qualified for the Olympics by having achieved a top five finish at the 2014–15 Women's FIH Hocke... | {
"title": "India at the Olympics",
"long_answer": "In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA); its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams selected from the national games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the 1932 Games (four athletes and one swimmer) and 1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA); its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams selected from the national games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to",
"short_answers": [
"1927",
"1928"
]
} |
when was how deep is your love released | [
"1977",
"September 1977"
] | [
{
"title": "How Deep Is Your Love (Sean Paul song)",
"text": "Is Your Love\" was first released onto YouTube on 4 October 2012 at a total length of three minutes and twenty-seven seconds. The music video premiered on BET's 106 & Park on 2 October 2012, when Sean Paul visited the show to premiere the video. ... | {
"title": "How Deep Is Your Love (Bee Gees song)",
"long_answer": "\"How Deep Is Your Love\" is a pop ballad and Rap based, written, and recorded by the Bee Gees in 1977 and released as a single in September of that year. It was ultimately used as part of the soundtrack to the film Saturday Night Fever. It was a number three hit in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, it topped the Billboard Hot 100 on 24 December 1977 (becoming the first of six consecutive US number-one hits), ended the 10-week reign of Debby Boone's \"You Light Up My Life\" and stayed in the Top 10 for a then-record 17 weeks. The single spent six weeks atop the US adult contemporary chart. It is listed at number 22 on the 55th anniversary edition of Billboard's All Time Top 100. Alongside \"Stayin' Alive\" and \"Night Fever\", it is one of the group's three tracks on the list. The song was covered by Take That for their 1996 Greatest Hits album, reaching number-one on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"How Deep Is Your Love\" is a pop ballad and Rap based, written, and recorded by the Bee Gees in 1977 and released as a single in September of that year. It was ultimately used as part of the soundtrack to the film Saturday Night Fever. It was a number three hit in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, it topped the Billboard Hot 100 on 24 December 1977 (becoming the first of six consecutive US number-one hits), ended the 10-week reign of Debby Boone's \"You Light Up My Life\" and stayed in the Top 10 for a then-record 17 weeks. ",
"short_answers": [
"1977"
]
} |
where was the last world cup held and who won | [
"Germany",
"hosted by Brazil",
"won by Germany",
"Estádio do Maracanã"
] | [
{
"title": "Mário Zagallo",
"text": "inside forward. Zagallo won the World Cup as a manager in 1970, and as assistant coach in 1994, both with Brazil. He was the first person to win the World Cup both as a player and as a manager. Winning the World Cup in 1970 at the age of 38, he is also the second younge... | {
"title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals",
"long_answer": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Brazil in 2014, was won by Germany, who beat Argentina 1–0 after extra time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Brazil in 2014, was won by Germany, who beat Argentina 1–0 after extra time.",
"short_answers": [
"hosted by Brazil",
"won by Germany"
]
} |
when was the internet introduced to the public | [
"September 1993",
"1995",
"in the very late 1980s"
] | [
{
"title": "Internet service provider",
"text": "such as UUCP. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1991, shortly after the introduction of the World Wide Web. During the 1980s, online service providers such ... | {
"title": "History of the Internet",
"long_answer": "A boost in web users was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text on the same page, unlike previous browser designs; its founder, Marc Andreessen, also established the company that in 1994, released Netscape Navigator, which resulted in one of the early browser wars, when it ended up in a competition for dominance (which it lost) with Microsoft Windows' Internet Explorer. Commercial use restrictions were lifted in 1995. The online service America Online (AOL) offered their users a connection to the Internet via their own internal browser.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A boost in web users was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text on the same page, unlike previous browser designs; its founder, Marc Andreessen, also established the company that in 1994, released Netscape Navigator, which resulted in one of the early browser wars, when it ended up in a competition for dominance (which it lost) with Microsoft Windows' Internet Explorer. Commercial use restrictions were lifted in 1995. ",
"short_answers": [
"1995",
"September 1993"
]
} |
where does creatine come from in the body | [
"kidneys",
"liver",
"the liver and kidneys",
"arginine",
"glycine"
] | [
{
"title": "Creatine",
"text": "that the intramuscular stores of creatine can be increased by ingesting creatine in larger than normal amounts, scientists discovered \"creatine phosphate\", and determined that creatine is a key player in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. The substance creatine is naturally... | {
"title": "Creatine",
"long_answer": "Creatine synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys. On average, it is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 mmol or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and other tissues.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Creatine synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys. On average, it is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 mmol or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and other tissues.",
"short_answers": [
"kidneys",
"liver",
"the liver and kidneys"
]
} |
what happens when iron reacts with oxygen and water | [
"Rust"
] | [
{
"title": "Iron-rich sedimentary rocks",
"text": "from bacteria or by chemical oxidation. This often happens when ferrous ions come into contact with water (due to dissolved oxygen within surface waters) and a water-mineral reaction occurs. The formula for the oxidation/reduction of iron is: The formula wo... | {
"title": "Rust",
"long_answer": "Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture. Several forms of rust are distinguishable both visually and by spectroscopy, and form under different circumstances. Rust consists of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O3·nH2O and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture. Several forms of rust are distinguishable both visually and by spectroscopy, and form under different circumstances. Rust consists of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O3·nH2O and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3).",
"short_answers": [
"Rust"
]
} |
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