question stringlengths 29 100 | answers list | ctxs list | nq_annotated_gold dict |
|---|---|---|---|
where did an independence movement occur because of the congress of vienna | [
"Italy",
"Norway"
] | [
{
"title": "Pan-Slavism",
"text": "Jozef Šafárik. The movement began following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In the aftermath, the leaders of Europe sought to restore the pre-war status quo. At the Congress of Vienna, Austria's representative, Prince von Metternich, felt the threat to this status ... | {
"title": "Congress of Vienna",
"long_answer": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth Coalition, and the Treaty of Kiel that covered issues raised regarding Scandinavia. The Treaty of Paris had determined that a \"general congress\" should be held in Vienna and that invitations would be issued to \"all the Powers engaged on either side in the present war\". The opening was scheduled for July 1814.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth",
"short_answers": [
"Italy"
]
} |
who played the princess in kingsman secret service | [
"Hanna Alström"
] | [
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsm... | {
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"long_answer": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test, Ralph Ineson the police interviewer after Eggsy's arrest, whereas Corey Johnson starred as a fanatic church leader, and Velibor Topić portrayed the biggest goon in the bar fight scene. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs play Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test,",
"short_answers": [
"Hanna Alström"
]
} |
when did the three little pigs come out | [
"first published in 1890",
"1933",
"c.1886",
"1886"
] | [
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "Pigs\" (), which follows the three daughters of the pig with the house of stone with new original songs, introducing a completely new story loosely based on the original story. The musical was specially written for the band K3, who play the three little pigs, Pir... | {
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"long_answer": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and the second little pig is also devoured. Each exchange between wolf and pig features ringing proverbial phrases, namely:",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and",
"short_answers": [
"1886",
"c.1886",
"first published in 1890"
]
} |
who is the first president to be impeached | [
"Andrew Johnson",
"Johnson"
] | [
{
"title": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez",
"text": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez The Philippine Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez was impeached by the House of Representatives on charges of the office's alleged underperformance and failure to act on several cases during the presidency of Gloria M... | {
"title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson",
"long_answer": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"short_answers": [
"Johnson"
]
} |
what kind of beer is st pauli girl | [
"Special Dark",
"Lager",
"Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage"
] | [
{
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"text": "St Pauli Girl website claims that their beer is the number two selling German beer in the United States. Since 1982, St. Pauli Girl Beer has chosen a model to represent the beer brand nationally each year and appear on the popular St. Pauli Girl poster. St. Pauli Girl S... | {
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"long_answer": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"short_answers": [
"Lager",
"Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage",
"Special Dark"
]
} |
when does like cage season 2 come out | [
"June 22, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "after a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. I... | {
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"long_answer": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"June 22, 2018"
]
} |
when was the south asian association for regional co-operation (saarc) formed | [
"December 1985",
"8 December 1985"
] | [
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "in upgrading its status from an observer to a full member of SAARC. Russia has applied for observer status membership of SAARC. Turkey applied for observer status membership of SAARC in 2012. South Africa has participated in meetings. T... | {
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"long_answer": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"chunked_long_answer": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"short_answers": [
"8 December 1985",
"December 1985"
]
} |
what hangs from the trees in the bayou | [
"Spanish moss"
] | [
{
"title": "Bayou De View",
"text": "the form of tupelo, bald cypress, hickory, pine and other native trees of the hardwood and softwood families. This area used to be known as part of the \"Big Woods\" of Arkansas, but most of the standing timber was cleared for farming by the second half of the 20th centu... | {
"title": "Spanish moss",
"long_answer": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"short_answers": [
"Spanish moss"
]
} |
who wrote the song would i lie to you | [
"Peter Vale",
"Mike Leeson"
] | [
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"text": "rumbling Hammond organ fills, and an insinuating, live drum beat.\" Irish DJ and producer John Gibbons released a cover of the song titled \"Would I Lie to You\". Gibbons co-produced the song with Colin Hanley, while Wez Clarke mixed the trac... | {
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"long_answer": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The single became a Top 20 hit in the US, peaking at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and it enjoyed award-winning sales, earning a platinum record in the UK, a gold record in both Germany and Austria and silver record award in France.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The",
"short_answers": [
"Mike Leeson",
"Peter Vale"
]
} |
number of films in lord of the rings | [
"three"
] | [
{
"title": "Andy Serkis",
"text": "Andy Serkis Andrew Clement Serkis (born 20 April 1964) is an English actor and film director. He is best known for his performance capture roles comprising motion capture acting, animation and voice work for such computer-generated characters as Gollum in \"The Lord of the... | {
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"long_answer": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"short_answers": [
"three"
]
} |
is jaffa cakes a biscuit or a cake | [
"Cake",
"biscuit-sized cakes",
"cakes"
] | [
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "original desserts like halva parfait. Ma'amoul are small shortbread pastries filled with dates, pistachios or walnuts (or occasionally almonds, figs, or other fillings). Ozne Haman is a sweet yeast dough filled with crushed nuts, raisins, dried apricots, dates, halva o... | {
"title": "Jaffa Cakes",
"long_answer": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"short_answers": [
"biscuit-sized cakes",
"cakes"
]
} |
who does the voice of stewie family guy | [
"Seth MacFarlane"
] | [
{
"title": "Brian Griffin",
"text": "characters including Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's normal speaking voice. William H. Macy auditioned unsuccessfully for the role. In the episode \"Road to the Multiverse\", Brian was voiced by Japanese actor Kotaro Watan... | {
"title": "List of Family Guy cast members",
"long_answer": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"short_answers": [
"Seth MacFarlane"
]
} |
what drug does the mom use in requiem for a dream | [
"weight-loss amphetamines",
"amphetamines"
] | [
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "and reworked it with the score. Aronofsky saw Requiem as a \"monster movie, only when something goes bad you hear the music.\" All of the music in the film is influenced by the characters and goes with the drugs in the film. Even though none of the cha... | {
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"long_answer": "Harry and Tyrone plan to sell heroin to make enough to live off; that summer, their small-time dealing business thrives. Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"short_answers": [
"amphetamines"
]
} |
how long was dark side of the moon number 1 | [
"a week",
"42:49"
] | [
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "US under the age of 50 is estimated to own, or to have owned, a copy. Upon a change in methodology in 2009 allowing catalogue titles to be included in the \"Billboard\" 200, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" returned to the chart at number 189 on 12 December of t... | {
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"long_answer": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and Them\". It is often ranked as one of the greatest albums of all time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and",
"short_answers": [
"a week"
]
} |
who is the actor that plays jt on the young and the restless | [
"Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill"
] | [
{
"title": "Kelly Andrews (The Young and the Restless)",
"text": "on the process of gaining the role of Kelly. She revealed, \"I got an email from \"Y&R\" casting director, Judy Blye Wilson asking me to send a reel of my work over for the possibility that they may need to recast Cynthia Watros, because it l... | {
"title": "Thad Luckinbill",
"long_answer": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"short_answers": [
"Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill"
]
} |
when was the first commercial cell phone released | [
"1983",
"1973"
] | [
{
"title": "Douglas H. Ring",
"text": "invented and developed by Bell Labs engineers. Douglas H. Ring Douglas H. Ring (March 28, 1907 in Montana – September 8, 2000 in Red Bank, New Jersey) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone. The history of cellular phone technology began on Dec... | {
"title": "History of mobile phones",
"long_answer": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"short_answers": [
"1983"
]
} |
when did the first ice age come out | [
"2002",
"March 15, 2002"
] | [
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "has occurred over the same period, and a chief contributor to the accelerated melting of the remaining glaciers and polar ice. A 2012 investigation finds that dinosaurs released methane through digestion in a similar amount to humanity's current methane release, which \"could ... | {
"title": "Ice Age (franchise)",
"long_answer": "Ice Age is an American media franchise centering on a group of mammals surviving the Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one",
"short_answers": [
"2002"
]
} |
who is given credit for the gnu initiative | [
"Richard Stallman"
] | [
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "Stallman has written many essays on software freedom, and has been an outspoken political campaigner for the free software movement since the early 1990s. The speeches he has regularly given are titled \"The GNU Project and the Free Software Movement\", \"The Dangers ... | {
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"long_answer": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel was called GNU Hurd. The Hurd followed an ambitious design which proved unexpectedly difficult to implement and has only been marginally usable.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel",
"short_answers": [
"Richard Stallman"
]
} |
who is the lead singer of collective soul | [
"Ed Roland"
] | [
{
"title": "Ross Childress",
"text": "Ross Childress Ross Childress (born September 8, 1971) is an American musician. He was the original lead guitarist and co-songwriter for the rock band Collective Soul. Childress was born on September 8, 1971 in Stockbridge, Georgia, USA. Childress grew up with and had p... | {
"title": "Collective Soul",
"long_answer": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"short_answers": [
"Ed Roland"
]
} |
who does dwyane wade play for right now | [
"the Miami Heat",
"Miami Heat"
] | [
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": ", Wade is a shooting guard that is also capable of playing point guard as he did during his rookie season and in subsequent seasons with smaller lineups. On offense, he has established himself as one of the quickest and most difficult players to guard, as well as one of th... | {
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"long_answer": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 1½ seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12-time NBA All-Star, Wade is Miami's all-time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09",
"short_answers": [
"Miami Heat",
"the Miami Heat"
]
} |
a drug that might be used in surgery for its amnesic properties is | [
"benzodiazepines",
"Benzodiazepines"
] | [
{
"title": "Eticyclidine",
"text": "Schedule 1 list of illegal drugs in the 1970s, although it was only briefly abused in the 1970s and 1980s and is now little known. Eticyclidine Eticyclidine (PCE, CI-400) is a dissociative anesthetic drug with hallucinogenic effects. It is similar in effects to phencyclid... | {
"title": "Benzodiazepine",
"long_answer": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"short_answers": [
"benzodiazepines"
]
} |
a single period of precession of earth's axis is completed in about | [
"approximately 26,000 years",
"26,000 years"
] | [
{
"title": "Apsidal precession",
"text": "for the ellipse to revolve once relative to the fixed stars. The Earth's polar axis, and hence the solstices and equinoxes, precess with a period of about years in relation to the fixed stars. These two forms of 'precession' combine so that it takes between and year... | {
"title": "Axial precession",
"long_answer": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"short_answers": [
"26,000 years",
"approximately 26,000 years"
]
} |
who did johnny manziel play college football for | [
"Texas A&M",
"Texas A&M University",
"Texas A&M Aggies"
] | [
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "that he wants to \"wreck the league\" in Cleveland. Loggains forwarded the text to head coach Mike Pettine, who made the decision to trade up to draft Manziel. The Browns drafted him at the 22nd overall pick. On August 22, 2014, Manziel was fined $12,000 by the NFL for ... | {
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"long_answer": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award. Manziel capitalized on his redshirt freshman season by leading Texas A&M to a 41–13 victory over Oklahoma in the Cotton Bowl.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National",
"short_answers": [
"Texas A&M Aggies"
]
} |
what is the white stork a symbol for in western culture | [
"bringing babies to new parents"
] | [
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "their courtship rituals. Their preening and posture saw them linked with the attribute of self-conceit. White stork The white stork (\"Ciconia ciconia\") is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on its wings. Adults have long ... | {
"title": "White stork",
"long_answer": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the folklore has spread around the world to the Philippines and countries in South America. Birthmarks on the back of the head of newborn baby, nevus flammeus nuchae, are sometimes referred to as stork-bite.",
"chunked_long_answer": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the",
"short_answers": [
"bringing babies to new parents"
]
} |
the oligodynamic effect is a phenomenon that describes | [
"a biocidal effect of metals"
] | [
{
"title": "Electrodynamic suspension",
"text": "Electrodynamic suspension Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field wh... | {
"title": "Oligodynamic effect",
"long_answer": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"short_answers": [
"a biocidal effect of metals"
]
} |
when do you declare honors in contract bridge | [
"any time after the auction"
] | [
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "awards a bonus for holding a certain combination of high cards), although some are common between the two. A larger bonus is awarded if the declaring side makes a small slam or grand slam, a contract of 12 or 13 tricks respectively. If the declaring side is not vulnera... | {
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"long_answer": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"short_answers": [
"any time after the auction"
]
} |
which country is the last member of saarc | [
"Afghanistan"
] | [
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "the eight member countries participated in the summit in Kathmandu. Foreign Ministers of the eight member states signed an agreement on energy cooperation namely 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)' in the presence of their heads of state ... | {
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"long_answer": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"short_answers": [
"Afghanistan"
]
} |
describe the three phases of the normal blood clotting process | [
"blood coagulation",
"vasoconstriction,"
] | [
{
"title": "Thromboelastometry",
"text": "time when the clot forms or dissolves. This curve is also called a TEMogram. Four key parameters describe the clotting curve for clinical routine. More than 10 additional calculated parameters, including derivative curves which are useful in specific research applic... | {
"title": "Hemostasis",
"long_answer": "Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"short_answers": [
"blood coagulation",
"vasoconstriction,"
]
} |
when was united nations convention on the rights of the child created | [
"20 November 1989"
] | [
{
"title": "Celebrity privacy",
"text": "of their daughter Coco to the press, which prevented them from being chased by paparazzi. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) was permitted in 1989 as human rights started to gain more attention globally. This treaty deals with the most f... | {
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"long_answer": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"20 November 1989"
]
} |
when did we decide to leave the eu | [
"23 June 2016"
] | [
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "terms of leaving the EU; Verhofstadt referred to the letter as \"blackmail\" with regard to the point on security and terrorism, and EU Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker said the UK's decision to quit the block was a \"choice they will regret one day\". On 29 April 2017,... | {
"title": "Brexit",
"long_answer": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"chunked_long_answer": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"short_answers": [
"23 June 2016"
]
} |
tallest building in the world of all time | [
"Burj Khalifa"
] | [
{
"title": "Shanghai World Financial Center",
"text": "the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. It is now the third-highest hotel in the world after the Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong, which occupies floors 102 to 118 of the International Commerce Centre. On 14 September 2007, the skyscraper was ... | {
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"long_answer": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"short_answers": [
"Burj Khalifa"
]
} |
who created separation of powers and checks and balances | [
"Montesquieu in the Enlightenment"
] | [
{
"title": "Mixed government",
"text": "Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Giambattista Vico, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. Apart from his contemporaries, only Montesquieu became widely acknowledged as the author of a concept of separation of powers (although he wrote rather on their \"distr... | {
"title": "Separation of powers",
"long_answer": "Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"Montesquieu in the Enlightenment"
]
} |
when was nepal declared a secular state in bs | [
"January 15, 2007"
] | [
{
"title": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya",
"text": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya (SAMV) is a military boarding high school in Nepal, formerly known as Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya (BSAM) or Birendra Military Boarding High School. It was established in ... | {
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"long_answer": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"short_answers": [
"January 15, 2007"
]
} |
who took control of jamestown and made new rules that made everyone work | [
"John Smith"
] | [
{
"title": "John Smith (explorer)",
"text": "the Native Americans and ordered everyone to work or be banished from the fort. The weeks-long emergency was relieved by the arrival of an unexpected ship, captained by Samuel Argall. He had items of food and wine which Smith bought on credit. Argall also brought... | {
"title": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat",
"long_answer": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"chunked_long_answer": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"short_answers": [
"John Smith"
]
} |
the site of secretion of h+ and cl- | [
"Parietal cells"
] | [
{
"title": "Clusterin",
"text": "all localize to different subcellular compartments: one isoform localizes to the nucleus; a second isoform localizes to the cytoplasm; and the third is secreted from the cell. They also perform opposing functions: the nuclear CLU binds Ku70 to release BAX and induce apoptosi... | {
"title": "Parietal cell",
"long_answer": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"chunked_long_answer": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"short_answers": [
"Parietal cells"
]
} |
when does body temperature tend to be lowest | [
"11 p.m. to 3 a.m."
] | [
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, sick, or cold. Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day following Circadian rhythms, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest in the late afternoon, between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. (assumi... | {
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"long_answer": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and not from outside interference – experience their highest temperature during the natural period of activity (night) and lowest during the period of rest (day). Those diurnal temperatures can be reversed by reversing their daily routine.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and",
"short_answers": [
"11 p.m. to 3 a.m."
]
} |
what us state forms the western boundary of montana | [
"Idaho"
] | [
{
"title": "Montana Territory",
"text": "degree and thirty minutes of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains; thence following the crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains; thence northward along the crest... | {
"title": "Montana",
"long_answer": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"short_answers": [
"Idaho"
]
} |
if a piece of music is perceived to have changed key then we say the piece has | [
"transposed",
"transposition"
] | [
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "the tonic note or chord returns. The key may be in the major or minor mode, though musicians assume major in a statement like, \"This piece is in C.\" Popular songs are usually in a key, and so is classical music during the common practice period, around 1650–1900. Longer ... | {
"title": "Music theory",
"long_answer": "In traditional Western notation, the scale used for a composition is usually indicated by a key signature at the beginning to designate the pitches that make up that scale. As the music progresses, the pitches used may change and introduce a different scale. Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. This often affects the music's overall sound, as well as having technical implications for the performers.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. ",
"short_answers": [
"transposed",
"transposition"
]
} |
who was allowed to vote in the roman republic | [
"unknown",
"citizens"
] | [
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Gabinius, the first person of that name known to hold political office in Rome, was from a family that had low-status (possibly slave origins) in Cales, and was able to enter politics due to the military success of his father. The reasons behind the l... | {
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"long_answer": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"chunked_long_answer": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"short_answers": [
"citizens"
]
} |
when does the next warrior book come out | [
"April 10, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Warrior's Return",
"text": "turned to the third volume. On the \"Warriors\" website, an excerpt was released, but later removed. \"Warrior’s Return\" was released as a paperback on April 22, 2008, the same day \"Outcast\" was released, a novel in the \"Warriors: Power of Three\" series. To promo... | {
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"long_answer": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"April 10, 2018"
]
} |
blood alcohol concentration means the parts of alcohol in the blood in relation to what | [
"volume of blood",
"ethanol"
] | [
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "per mass of blood (never a volume per volume). 1 milliliter of blood has a mass of approximately 1.06 grams. Because of this, units by volume are similar but not identical to units by mass. In the U.S. the concentration unit 1% w/v (percent mass/volume, equivalen... | {
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"long_answer": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"short_answers": [
"ethanol",
"volume of blood"
]
} |
which greek god flew too close to the sun | [
"Icarus"
] | [
{
"title": "Too Close to the Sun",
"text": "Too Close to the Sun Too Close to the Sun is a musical with a book by Roberto Trippini and music and lyrics by Trippini and John Robinson, based on a play by Ron Read. The musical is a fictionalized account of the last days in the life of Ernest Hemingway. \"Too C... | {
"title": "Icarus",
"long_answer": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"short_answers": [
"Icarus"
]
} |
when did the song rapper's delight come out | [
"1979",
"September 16, 1979"
] | [
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "credits. \"Rapper's Delight\" is number 251 on the \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" and number 2 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs\". It is also included in NPR's list of the 100 most important American musical works of t... | {
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"long_answer": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter credits.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two",
"short_answers": [
"1979"
]
} |
who's the model on let's make a deal | [
"Tiffany Adams Coyne"
] | [
{
"title": "Carol Merrill",
"text": "Carol Merrill Carol Merrill (born Carol Lue Hiller; January 19, 1941) was the model for the television game show \"Let's Make a Deal\" during the show's original run between 1963-77. While on \"Let's Make a Deal\", Merrill would model the various prizes, present money to... | {
"title": "Tiffany Coyne",
"long_answer": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"short_answers": [
"Tiffany Adams Coyne"
]
} |
how much money did the film titanic make | [
"$2.18 billion",
"$2.187 billion"
] | [
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "weekend by topping the box office with $98.9 million. China has proven to be its most successful territory where it earned $11.6 million on its opening day, going on to earn a record-breaking $67 million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than... | {
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"long_answer": "Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied All About Eve (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben Hur (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"chunked_long_answer": "worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"short_answers": [
"$2.18 billion"
]
} |
when does it's a wonderful life comes on | [
"Christmas season"
] | [
{
"title": "It's a Wonderful Life (TV series)",
"text": "It's a Wonderful Life (TV series) It's a Wonderful Life (simplified Chinese: 好运到) is a Singaporean Chinese New Year 2013 drama. It was telecast on Singapore's free-to-air channel, MediaCorp Channel 8. It stars Ha Yu , Lin Meijiao , Chen Liping , Huang... | {
"title": "It's a Wonderful Life",
"long_answer": "The film's elevation to the status of a beloved classic came decades after its initial release, when it became a television staple during Christmas season in the late 1970s. This came as a welcome surprise to Frank Capra and others involved with its production. \"It's the damnedest thing I've ever seen,\" Capra told The Wall Street Journal in 1984. \"The film has a life of its own now, and I can look at it like I had nothing to do with it. I'm like a parent whose kid grows up to be president. I'm proud... but it's the kid who did the work. I didn't even think of it as a Christmas story when I first ran across it. I just liked the idea.\" In a 1946 interview, Capra described the film's theme as \"the individual's belief in himself\" and that he made it \"to combat a modern trend toward atheism\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "The film's elevation to the status of a beloved classic came decades after its initial release, when it became a television staple during Christmas season in the late 1970s. This came as a welcome surprise to Frank Capra and others involved with its production. \"It's the damnedest thing I've ever seen,\" Capra told The Wall Street Journal in 1984. \"The film has a life of its own now, and I can look at it like I had nothing to do with it. I'm like a parent whose kid grows up to be president. I'm proud... but it's the kid who",
"short_answers": [
"Christmas season"
]
} |
where does the last name hansen come from | [
"Norway",
"the Faroe Islands",
"Scandinavian",
"Denmark"
] | [
{
"title": "Curt Hansen (actor)",
"text": "Curt Hansen (actor) Curt Hansen (born August 14, 1987) is an American actor. He was born in Wisconsin and is a native actor, singer and dancer. Hansen graduated from Hartford Union High School in Hartford, Wisconsin in 2005. Hansen was seen performing with the Nati... | {
"title": "Hansen (surname)",
"long_answer": "Hansen or Hanssen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhænsn̩]) is a Scandinavian patronymic surname, meaning son of Hans. As of 2008, it is the third most common surname in Denmark, shared by 4.3% of the population. As of 2000, Hansen is the single most common surname in Norway, not counting spelling variations such as Hanssen, which are also quite common. In the Faroe Islands Hansen is the second most common surname, while in the North German federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg Hansen is the third and fifth most common surname, respectively. In Sweden the parallel form is Hansson. The frequent occurrences of Hansen as a surname outside Denmark, Norway and Schleswig-Holstein is due to immigration, though Nordic immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicised their names to Hanson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Hansen or Hanssen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhænsn̩]) is a Scandinavian patronymic surname, meaning son of Hans. As of 2008, it is the third most common surname in Denmark, shared by 4.3% of the population. As of 2000, Hansen is the single most common surname in Norway, not counting spelling variations such as Hanssen, which are also quite common. In the Faroe Islands Hansen is the second most common surname, while in the North German federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg Hansen is the third and fifth most common surname, respectively. In Sweden the parallel form is Hansson. The frequent occurrences of Hansen as a surname outside Denmark, Norway and Schleswig-Holstein is due to immigration, though Nordic immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicised their names to Hanson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules.",
"short_answers": [
"Denmark",
"Norway",
"Scandinavian",
"the Faroe Islands"
]
} |
who sings she's like the wind lyrics | [
"Wendy Fraser",
"Patrick Swayze"
] | [
{
"title": "Like the Wind (song)",
"text": "Like the Wind (song) \"Like the Wind\" was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999, performed in English by Vanessa Chinitor. This was only the second time that Belgium had entered a song entirely in English, the first being Dream Express' \"A Millio... | {
"title": "She's Like the Wind",
"long_answer": "\"She's Like the Wind\" is a 1987 power ballad from the film Dirty Dancing, performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by \"Patrick Swayze featuring Wendy Fraser\"; Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in the final chorus. The single reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"She's Like the Wind\" is a 1987 power ballad from the film Dirty Dancing, performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by \"Patrick Swayze featuring Wendy Fraser\"; Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in the final chorus. The single reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart.",
"short_answers": [
"Patrick Swayze",
"Wendy Fraser"
]
} |
where does the this is us family live | [
"Pittsburgh"
] | [
{
"title": "This Is Family",
"text": "This Is Family This Is Family is an American reality television series that airs on Amazon Video. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the prominent Lebanese American Nossiff-Azarian family through their day-to-day life in Boston. The series is exe... | {
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)",
"long_answer": "Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016–2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c.1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8–10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City.",
"chunked_long_answer": "at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c.1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8–10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles",
"short_answers": [
"Pittsburgh"
]
} |
when was the term prime minister first used | [
"1624",
"18th century"
] | [
{
"title": "Prime Minister of New Zealand",
"text": "to the national electorate. Originally the head of government was titled \"colonial secretary\" or \"first minister\". This was changed in 1869 to \"premier\". That title remained in use for more than 30 years, until Richard Seddon informally changed it t... | {
"title": "Prime minister",
"long_answer": "The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. During the whole of the 18th Century, Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France, periodically bursting into all-out war, and Britons took outspoken pride in their \"Liberty\" as contrasted to the \"Tyranny\" of French Absolute Monarchy; therefore, being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole. Over time, however, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. During the whole of the 18th Century, Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France, periodically bursting into all-out war, and Britons took outspoken pride in their \"Liberty\" as contrasted to the \"Tyranny\" of French Absolute Monarchy; therefore, being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole. Over time, however, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.",
"short_answers": [
"18th century"
]
} |
who won the mens single ice skating 2018 | [
"Yuzuru Hanyu",
"Javier Fernández",
"Shoma Uno"
] | [
{
"title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs",
"text": "5th in the free skate and climbed to 6th overall. He went on to win gold at Cup of Tyrol for the second time. In December, Vasiļjevs won his 3rd national title, and along with Diāna Ņikitina, was subsequently selected to represent Latvia in figure skating at the 2018... | {
"title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles",
"long_answer": "With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.",
"chunked_long_answer": "With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.",
"short_answers": [
"Yuzuru Hanyu"
]
} |
what is cain and abel software used for | [
"password recovery"
] | [
{
"title": "Conflict Archive on the Internet",
"text": "Conflict Archive on the Internet CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present. The project began in 1996, with the website launching in 1997. The p... | {
"title": "Cain and Abel (software)",
"long_answer": "Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It can recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. Cryptanalysis attacks are done via rainbow tables which can be generated with the winrtgen.exe program provided with Cain and Abel. Cain and Abel is maintained by Massimiliano Montoro and Sean Babcock.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Windows. It can recover many kinds of passwords using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. Cryptanalysis attacks are done via rainbow tables which can be generated with the winrtgen.exe program provided with Cain and Abel. Cain and Abel is maintained by Massimiliano Montoro and Sean Babcock.",
"short_answers": [
"password recovery"
]
} |
who played jennifer in back to the future | [
"Claudia Grace Wells"
] | [
{
"title": "Elisabeth Shue",
"text": "She appeared as Jennifer Parker in \"Back to the Future Part II\" (1989) and \"Back to the Future Part III\" (1990), replacing Claudia Wells who declined to reprise the role from \"Back to the Future\" because of a family illness. It was around this time her older broth... | {
"title": "Claudia Wells",
"long_answer": "Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985).",
"short_answers": [
"Claudia Grace Wells"
]
} |
where was the summer olympics held in 2012 | [
"London",
"London, United Kingdom"
] | [
{
"title": "Chad at the 2012 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Chad had no men competing for them; they and Bhutan were the only nations to send only female athletes to the 2012 games. The 2012 Summer Games was Hinikissia Ndikert's second Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, age 15, she was her country's flag be... | {
"title": "2012 Summer Olympics",
"long_answer": "The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremonies on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremonies on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated.",
"short_answers": [
"London",
"London, United Kingdom"
]
} |
who cooks for the president of the united states | [
"Cristeta Comerford",
"White House Executive Chef",
"The White House Executive Chef"
] | [
{
"title": "White House Executive Chef",
"text": "to prepare his meals during his first term. President Benjamin Harrison had a French chef as well, but fired him after only a short time in favor of the services of Dolly Johnson, a freed African American slave who had cooked for the Harrisons in Indianapoli... | {
"title": "White House Executive Chef",
"long_answer": "The White House Executive Chef is the individual responsible for managing the kitchens, and for planning and preparing of all menus and meals for the President of the United States and the First Family, which includes their private meals, their private entertaining, and official state functions at the White House in Washington, D.C., in the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The White House Executive Chef is the individual responsible for managing the kitchens, and for planning and preparing of all menus and meals for the President of the United States and the First Family, which includes their private meals, their private entertaining, and official state functions at the White House in Washington, D.C., in the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"The White House Executive Chef",
"White House Executive Chef"
]
} |
where was the film coming home for christmas filmed | [
"British Columbia"
] | [
{
"title": "I'll Be Home for Christmas (1998 film)",
"text": "I'll Be Home for Christmas (1998 film) I'll Be Home for Christmas is a 1998 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Arlene Sanford. The plot follows a college student who must make it from his campus in Los Angeles, California to his fa... | {
"title": "Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film)",
"long_answer": "Filming took place in British Columbia, in the Abbotsford, Vancouver and Langley areas in August 2017, with a mansion in the Aldergrove area of Langely serving as the property at the centre of the story.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Filming took place in British Columbia, in the Abbotsford, Vancouver and Langley areas in August 2017, with a mansion in the Aldergrove area of Langely serving as the property at the centre of the story.",
"short_answers": [
"British Columbia"
]
} |
who played the middle sister on full house | [
"Jodie Sweetin"
] | [
{
"title": "Gail Edwards",
"text": "long-term relationship, and are engaged in the show's seventh season. Edwards' co-star on \"The Family Man\", Scott Weinger, was transferred over to \"Full House\" along with her, playing Steve Hale, the high school boyfriend of D.J. Tanner. During her tenure on \"Full Ho... | {
"title": "List of Full House and Fuller House characters",
"long_answer": "Stephanie Judith Tanner (portrayed by Jodie Sweetin) is the witty, sarcastic middle child of Danny and Pam, the younger sister of D.J., and the older sister of Michelle. Her mother died when she was five years old. Her catchphrases during the early seasons of the series include \"how rude!,\" \"well, pin a rose on your nose!\" and \"hot dog\". She eventually evolved into something of a tomboy in seasons four and five. Stephanie has a habit of spying on D.J.'s life by reading her diary and eavesdropping on her telephone calls (having been caught in the act several times), and is generally the most athletic and nosiest of the Tanner girls. Her best friends in school are Gia Mahan and Mickey, whom she meets in season seven (the former is the only one who appears through to season eight). Of the three sisters, Stephanie has dealt with the toughest issues, such as peer pressure into smoking (in season seven's \"Fast Friends\"), \"make-out\" parties (in season eight's \"Making Out is Hard to Do\"), joyriding (in season eight's \"Stephanie's Wild Ride\"), and uncovering a classmate's child abuse (in season six's \"Silence is Not Golden\"), as well as the death of her mother when she was only five. In her early years, she is very sentimental about Mr. Bear, a stuffed animal that her mother gave to her after Michelle was born (this was the focal point of the season two episode \"Goodbye Mr. Bear\"). She and Jesse are the most abrasive when it comes to how they feel about Kimmy Gibbler.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Stephanie Judith Tanner (portrayed by Jodie Sweetin) is the witty, sarcastic middle child of Danny and Pam, the younger sister of D.J., and the older sister of Michelle. Her mother died when she was five years old. Her catchphrases during the early seasons of the series include \"how rude!,\" \"well, pin a rose on your nose!\" and \"hot dog\". She eventually evolved into something of a tomboy in seasons four and five. Stephanie has a habit of spying on D.J.'s life by reading her diary and eavesdropping on her telephone calls (having been caught in the act several times), and",
"short_answers": [
"Jodie Sweetin"
]
} |
a 58-story skyscraper in san francisco is tilting and sinking | [
"Millennium Tower"
] | [
{
"title": "Millennium Tower (San Francisco)",
"text": "bedrock below. An examination in 2016 showed the building had sunk with a tilt at the base and an approximate tilt at the top of the tower. The building is leaning toward the northwest, and has caused cracks in the building's basement and the pavement ... | {
"title": "Millennium Tower (San Francisco)",
"long_answer": "301 Mission Street is a development in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. A mixed-use, primarily residential development, it has the tallest residential building in San Francisco. The blue-gray glass, late-modernist buildings are bounded by Mission, Fremont, and Beale Streets, and the north end of the Transbay Transit Center site. Opened to residents on April 23, 2009, 301 Mission includes two buildings: a 12-story tower located on the northeast of the property, and Millennium Tower, a 58-story, 645-foot-tall (197 m) condominium skyscraper. The mixed-use, primarily residential structure is the tallest residential building in San Francisco. In total, the project has 419 residential units, with 53 of those units in the smaller tower. The tower's highest level, 58 floors above the ground, is listed as the 60th, because floors 13 and 44 are missing for superstitious reasons. The French restaurant and wine bar RN74 is housed on the ground floor of the skyscraper. Resident services include a private concierge and access to the 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m) Owner's Club Level, which features amenities such as a private lounge, wine cellar, and fitness center. The development's \"lifestyle\" program organizes cultural events. In May 2016, residents were informed the main tower was both sinking and tilting, resulting in several lawsuits concerning repair costs and whether the tilt had been withheld from buyers.",
"chunked_long_answer": "has the tallest residential building in San Francisco. The blue-gray glass, late-modernist buildings are bounded by Mission, Fremont, and Beale Streets, and the north end of the Transbay Transit Center site. Opened to residents on April 23, 2009, 301 Mission includes two buildings: a 12-story tower located on the northeast of the property, and Millennium Tower, a 58-story, 645-foot-tall (197 m) condominium skyscraper. The mixed-use, primarily residential structure is the tallest residential building in San Francisco. In total, the project has 419 residential units, with 53 of those units in the smaller tower. The tower's highest level, 58 floors above",
"short_answers": [
"Millennium Tower"
]
} |
when was the first season of when calls the heart | [
"January 11, 2014",
"2014"
] | [
{
"title": "When Calls the Heart",
"text": "11, 2016, Lissing and Krakow announced via the series' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season, which aired from February 19 to April 23, 2017. Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22, 2017, and ended on Decem... | {
"title": "When Calls the Heart",
"long_answer": "When Calls the Heart is a Canadian-American television drama series, inspired by Janette Oke's book of the same name from her Canadian West series, and developed by Michael Landon Jr. The series began airing on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on January 11, 2014, and on April 16, 2014 on Super Channel in Canada.",
"chunked_long_answer": "When Calls the Heart is a Canadian-American television drama series, inspired by Janette Oke's book of the same name from her Canadian West series, and developed by Michael Landon Jr. The series began airing on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on January 11, 2014, and on April 16, 2014 on Super Channel in Canada.",
"short_answers": [
"2014",
"January 11, 2014"
]
} |
who said one man's vulgarity is another's lyric | [
"Justice Harlan"
] | [
{
"title": "Frenzal Rhomb",
"text": "with the title track. Some controversy was expressed over the profanity in the title and lyrics of \"Johnny Ramone was in a Fucking Good Band, but He Was a Cunt\" (see Johnny Ramone, Ramones). Whalley's attitude to profanity and obscenity is \"I often get amazed how offe... | {
"title": "Cohen v. California",
"long_answer": "\"[A]bsent a more particularized and compelling reason for its actions\", Harlan continued, \"the State may not, consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments, make the simple public display of this single four-letter expletive a criminal offense.\" In his opinion Justice Harlan famously wrote \"one man's vulgarity is another's lyric.\"",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"[A]bsent a more particularized and compelling reason for its actions\", Harlan continued, \"the State may not, consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments, make the simple public display of this single four-letter expletive a criminal offense.\" In his opinion Justice Harlan famously wrote \"one man's vulgarity is another's lyric.\"",
"short_answers": [
"Justice Harlan"
]
} |
what football player is called the honey badger | [
"Tyrann Devine Mathieu"
] | [
{
"title": "Honey badger",
"text": "known for being tough and fearless. Rugby player Nick Cummins and American football player Tyrann Mathieu are notable athletes who have received the nickname honey badger at some point in their careers. Honey badger The honey badger (\"Mellivora capensis\"), also known as... | {
"title": "Tyrann Mathieu",
"long_answer": "Tyrann Devine Mathieu (/ˈtaɪrən ˈmæθjuː/; born May 13, 1992) is an American football safety for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Louisiana State University (LSU). In college, he developed a reputation for causing turnovers, setting a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record with 11 career forced fumbles and earning the nickname, \"Honey Badger\". In his sophomore season, he was recognized as a consensus All-American, won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in college football, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. Mathieu was dismissed from the LSU football program after that season due to a violation of team rules.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Tyrann Devine Mathieu (/ˈtaɪrən ˈmæθjuː/; born May 13, 1992) is an American football safety for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Louisiana State University (LSU). In college, he developed a reputation for causing turnovers, setting a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record with 11 career forced fumbles and earning the nickname, \"Honey Badger\". In his sophomore season, he was recognized as a consensus All-American, won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in college football, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. Mathieu was dismissed from the LSU football program after",
"short_answers": [
"Tyrann Devine Mathieu"
]
} |
how many episodes of the killing on netflix | [
"6",
"six"
] | [
{
"title": "The Killing (Danish TV series)",
"text": "a US remake of \"The Killing\" was produced by Fox Television Studios for the American cable network AMC. It premiered on 3 April 2011 and ran for two seasons before being cancelled on 27 July 2012. However, on 8 November 2012, it was confirmed that Fox ... | {
"title": "List of The Killing episodes",
"long_answer": "On September 10, 2013, AMC officially cancelled the series after 38 episodes and three seasons. However, on November 15, 2013, Netflix ordered a fourth and final season of six episodes, that was released on Netflix on August 1, 2014.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On September 10, 2013, AMC officially cancelled the series after 38 episodes and three seasons. However, on November 15, 2013, Netflix ordered a fourth and final season of six episodes, that was released on Netflix on August 1, 2014.",
"short_answers": [
"six"
]
} |
from whose perspective is the story of all quiet on the western front told | [
"Paul Baumer"
] | [
{
"title": "All Quiet on the Western Front",
"text": "adapted into comic book form as part of the \"Classics Illustrated\" series. All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front () is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' ext... | {
"title": "All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)",
"long_answer": "Professor Kantorek gives an impassioned speech about the glory of serving in the Army and \"saving the Fatherland\". On the brink of becoming men, the boys in his class, led by Paul Baumer, are moved to join the army as the new 2nd Company. Their romantic delusions are quickly broken during their brief but rigorous training under the abusive Sergeant Himmelstoss, who bluntly informs them, \"You're going to be soldiers—and that's all.\"",
"chunked_long_answer": "Professor Kantorek gives an impassioned speech about the glory of serving in the Army and \"saving the Fatherland\". On the brink of becoming men, the boys in his class, led by Paul Baumer, are moved to join the army as the new 2nd Company. Their romantic delusions are quickly broken during their brief but rigorous training under the abusive Sergeant Himmelstoss, who bluntly informs them, \"You're going to be soldiers—and that's all.\"",
"short_answers": [
"Paul Baumer"
]
} |
who was the person who escaped from alcatraz | [
"Clarence Anglin",
"John Anglin",
"Frank Morris"
] | [
{
"title": "John Paul Scott",
"text": "John Paul Scott John Paul Scott (January 3, 1927 – February 22, 1987) was an American criminal who is noted as the only escapee from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary known to have reached the San Francisco shore by swimming. He was recaptured almost immediately. Scott was... | {
"title": "June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt",
"long_answer": "The June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt is the only successful escape from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in its history. Late on the night of June 11 or early morning of June 12, inmates Clarence Anglin, John Anglin, and Frank Morris tucked heads made out of soap wax resembling their own likenesses into their beds, broke out of the main prison building via an unused utility corridor, and departed Alcatraz Island aboard an improvised inflatable raft to an uncertain fate.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt is the only successful escape from Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in its history. Late on the night of June 11 or early morning of June 12, inmates Clarence Anglin, John Anglin, and Frank Morris tucked heads made out of soap wax resembling their own likenesses into their beds, broke out of the main prison building via an unused utility corridor, and departed Alcatraz Island aboard an improvised inflatable raft to an uncertain fate.",
"short_answers": [
"Clarence Anglin",
"Frank Morris",
"John Anglin"
]
} |
where does trick or treat for unicef money go | [
"UNICEF's global programing"
] | [
{
"title": "UNICEF",
"text": "awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Since 1950, when a group of children in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, donated $17 which ... | {
"title": "Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF",
"long_answer": "In 1953, the United States Committee for UNICEF, now called the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, started actively promoting the program. By the 1960s, the concept had expanded throughout the United States, with small orange collection boxes distributed to millions of trick-or-treaters. When UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson said in his congratulatory letter: \"Your UNICEF Trick or Treat Day has helped turn a holiday too often marred by youthful vandalism into a program of basic training in world citizenship.\" In 1967, Johnson declared Halloween, October 31, to be 'UNICEF Day' in the United States; by 1969, 3.5 million American children were trick-or-treating for donations. Children (and adults) in the U.S. have collected more than US $175 million for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Donations to Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF support UNICEF's global programing, but in 2005, half of the proceeds were targeted to a domestic cause, aiding victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF introduced mobile phone text message donations as well as a MySpace and Facebook page. In 2014, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF partnered with Crowdrise to expand the campaign's online presence, allowing participants to create personal fundraising web pages in addition to traditional door-to-door trick-or-treating.",
"chunked_long_answer": "be 'UNICEF Day' in the United States; by 1969, 3.5 million American children were trick-or-treating for donations. Children (and adults) in the U.S. have collected more than US $175 million for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Donations to Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF support UNICEF's global programing, but in 2005, half of the proceeds were targeted to a domestic cause, aiding victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF introduced mobile phone text message donations as well as a MySpace and Facebook page. In 2014, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF partnered with Crowdrise to expand the campaign's online presence, allowing participants",
"short_answers": [
"UNICEF's global programing"
]
} |
where is the inscription on the statue of liberty | [
"The New Colossus"
] | [
{
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"text": "carries a \"tabula ansata\" inscribed in Roman numerals with \"JULY IV MDCCLXXVI\" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, a... | {
"title": "The New Colossus",
"long_answer": "\"The New Colossus\" is a sonnet that American poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) wrote in 1883 to raise money for the construction of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. In 1903, the poem was engraved on a bronze plaque and mounted inside the pedestal's lower level.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"The New Colossus\" is a sonnet that American poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) wrote in 1883 to raise money for the construction of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. In 1903, the poem was engraved on a bronze plaque and mounted inside the pedestal's lower level.",
"short_answers": [
"The New Colossus"
]
} |
when did i'm coming out come out | [
"August 22, 1980",
"August 22, 1980"
] | [
{
"title": "I'm Coming Out",
"text": "another hit from the album, peaking at number five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for two weeks in November 1980. It is also notable for being the first song usually performed at Ross' performances and concerts since 1980. \"I'm Coming Out\" has been regarded as an... | {
"title": "I'm Coming Out",
"long_answer": "\"I'm Coming Out\" is a song recorded by American singer Diana Ross. It was written and produced by Chic members Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers, and released in August 22, 1980 as the second single from Ross' self-titled tenth album Diana (1980).",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"I'm Coming Out\" is a song recorded by American singer Diana Ross. It was written and produced by Chic members Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers, and released in August 22, 1980 as the second single from Ross' self-titled tenth album Diana (1980).",
"short_answers": [
"August 22, 1980"
]
} |
what type of bridge is the charles bridge | [
"a bow bridge",
"bow bridge",
"Stone"
] | [
{
"title": "Charles River Bridge (Commuter Rail)",
"text": "Charles River Bridge (Commuter Rail) The Charles River Bridge is a pair of railroad single-leaf, through-truss, rolling bascule bridges across the Charles River that connects North Station in Boston, Massachusetts to MBTA Commuter Rail lines in nor... | {
"title": "Charles Bridge",
"long_answer": "The bridge is 621 metres (2,037 ft) long and nearly 10 metres (33 ft) wide, following the example of the Stone Bridge in Regensburg, it was built as a bow bridge with 16 arches shielded by ice guards. It is protected by three bridge towers, two of them on the Lesser Quarter side and the third one on the Old Town side. The Old Town Bridge Tower is often considered to be one of the most astonishing civil gothic-style buildings in the world. The bridge is decorated by a continuous alley of 30 statues and statuaries, most of them baroque-style, originally erected around 1700 but now all replaced by replicas.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The bridge is 621 metres (2,037 ft) long and nearly 10 metres (33 ft) wide, following the example of the Stone Bridge in Regensburg, it was built as a bow bridge with 16 arches shielded by ice guards. It is protected by three bridge towers, two of them on the Lesser Quarter side and the third one on the Old Town side. The Old Town Bridge Tower is often considered to be one of the most astonishing civil gothic-style buildings in the world. The bridge is decorated by a continuous alley of 30 statues and statuaries, most of them baroque-style,",
"short_answers": [
"a bow bridge",
"bow bridge"
]
} |
who makes the important government decisions in an autocracy | [
"one person"
] | [
{
"title": "Autocracy",
"text": "monarchs elsewhere in Europe. Both totalitarianism and military dictatorship are often identified with, but need not be, an autocracy. Totalitarianism is a system where the state strives to control every aspect of life and civil society. It can be headed by a supreme leader,... | {
"title": "Autocracy",
"long_answer": "An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection). Absolute monarchy (such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Brunei and Swaziland) and dictatorships (such as North Korea) are the main modern day forms of autocracy.",
"chunked_long_answer": "An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection). Absolute monarchy (such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Brunei and Swaziland) and dictatorships (such as North Korea) are the main modern day forms of autocracy.",
"short_answers": [
"one person"
]
} |
what was the main characteristic of post-world war ii american society | [
"strong economic growth"
] | [
{
"title": "Sociology in Japan",
"text": "defeat of war and the US occupation. The traditional value system collapsed and the new idea of democratisation emerged. Sociology came into the public vision with the revision of values. During the 1950s, as part of the educational system reform, “Sociology” formal... | {
"title": "Post–World War II economic expansion",
"long_answer": "The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of strong economic growth beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–75 recession. The United States, Soviet Union, Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), West Germany and Austria (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Italy (Italian economic miracle), Greece (Greek economic miracle), Taiwan (Taiwan Miracle) and South Korea (Miracle of the Han River).",
"chunked_long_answer": "The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of strong economic growth beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–75 recession. The United States, Soviet Union, Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), West Germany and Austria (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Italy (Italian economic miracle),",
"short_answers": [
"strong economic growth"
]
} |
which way does the earth orbit the sun | [
"counterclockwise",
"counterclockwise direction"
] | [
{
"title": "Earth's orbit",
"text": "Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory ... | {
"title": "Earth's orbit",
"long_answer": "From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same vantage point, both the Earth and the Sun would appear to rotate also in a counterclockwise direction about their respective axes.",
"chunked_long_answer": "From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same vantage point, both the Earth and the Sun would appear to rotate also in a counterclockwise direction about their respective axes.",
"short_answers": [
"counterclockwise",
"counterclockwise direction"
]
} |
what is on top of us capitol building | [
"The Statue of Freedom"
] | [
{
"title": "Washington State Capitol",
"text": "Charles Talcot by making two circles and putting a two-cent stamp of George Washington in the middle. There is even a bronze version of the seal in the floor of the rotunda. Over time, George Washington's nose has worn down due to foot traffic on it and it is ... | {
"title": "Statue of Freedom",
"long_answer": "The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford (1814–1857) that, since 1863, has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, a U.S. government publication now states that the statue \"is officially known as the Statue of Freedom\". The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel wreath and shield in her left.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford (1814–1857) that, since 1863, has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace, a U.S. government publication now states that the statue \"is officially known as the Statue of Freedom\". The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel wreath and shield in her left.",
"short_answers": [
"The Statue of Freedom"
]
} |
who did dwight howard play for last year | [
"Atlanta Hawks",
"Charlotte Hornets"
] | [
{
"title": "Dwight Howard",
"text": "and for the third consecutive season, he played in all 82 regular season games. On February 1, 2007, he received his first NBA All-Star selection as a reserve on the Eastern Conference squad for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game. Howard finished the game with 20 points and 12 r... | {
"title": "Dwight Howard",
"long_answer": "On July 12, 2016, Howard signed a three-year, $70 million contract with the Atlanta Hawks. He made his debut for the Hawks in their season opener on October 27, 2016, recording 11 points, 19 rebounds and three blocks in a 114–99 win over the Washington Wizards. Howard posted the most rebounds for anyone in their Atlanta debut, breaking the mark of 18 that Shareef Abdur-Rahim set at Houston on October 30, 2001. On November 2, he recorded a season-high 31 points and 11 rebounds in a 123–116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers. The Hawks started the season 9–2 before dropping 10 of the next 11 games. They snapped a seven-game losing streak on December 7 with a 103–95 win over the Miami Heat, behind Howard's 23 points and 17 rebounds. On December 17, he had a season-best 23 rebounds in a 107–99 loss to the Charlotte Hornets. On February 2, 2017, he scored 24 points and grabbed 23 rebounds in his first game in Houston since signing with Atlanta in the offseason, leading the Hawks to a 113–108 victory over the Rockets. After struggling to make an impact over the Hawks' first three playoff games in their first-round series with the Washington Wizards, Howard had his best game of the postseason in Game 4, putting up a double-double by halftime and finishing with 16 points and 15 rebounds to help the Hawks tie the series at 2–2 with a 111–101 win. The Hawks went on to lose the series in six games.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On July 12, 2016, Howard signed a three-year, $70 million contract with the Atlanta Hawks. He made his debut for the Hawks in their season opener on October 27, 2016, recording 11 points, 19 rebounds and three blocks in a 114–99 win over the Washington Wizards. Howard posted the most rebounds for anyone in their Atlanta debut, breaking the mark of 18 that Shareef Abdur-Rahim set at Houston on October 30, 2001. On November 2, he recorded a season-high 31 points and 11 rebounds in a 123–116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers. The Hawks started the season 9–2 before",
"short_answers": [
"Atlanta Hawks"
]
} |
gabbar is back is a remake of which telugu movie | [
"Tagore"
] | [
{
"title": "Gabbar Is Back",
"text": "wrote that \"Akshay Gives The Super-Hero A New Definition.\" Hindustan Times audio news praised the screen presence of Akshay Kumar. Deccan Chronicle described the movie as \"cliched but enjoyable in bits\". Business Standard posted the ratings of IANS which gave 4 star... | {
"title": "Gabbar Is Back",
"long_answer": "Gabbar Is Back is a 2015 Indian vigilante film directed by Krish and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures. Featuring Akshay Kumar and Shruti Haasan in the lead roles, the film is a remake of the 2002 Tamil film Ramanaa, directed by A. R. Murugadoss, which was later remade in Telugu as Tagore in 2003 and in Kannada as Vishnu Sena in 2005. Suman Talwar, Sunil Grover and Jaideep Ahlawat appear in supporting roles with Kareena Kapoor Khan in a cameo. The movie has garnered a good box office success and Akshay Kumar's acting was critically praised.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Gabbar Is Back is a 2015 Indian vigilante film directed by Krish and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures. Featuring Akshay Kumar and Shruti Haasan in the lead roles, the film is a remake of the 2002 Tamil film Ramanaa, directed by A. R. Murugadoss, which was later remade in Telugu as Tagore in 2003 and in Kannada as Vishnu Sena in 2005. Suman Talwar, Sunil Grover and Jaideep Ahlawat appear in supporting roles with Kareena Kapoor Khan in a cameo. The movie has garnered a good box office success and Akshay Kumar's acting was critically",
"short_answers": [
"Tagore"
]
} |
who was running as vice president in 1984 | [
"George H. W. Bush",
"Ferraro",
"Vice President George H. W. Bush",
"Congresswoman Ferraro"
] | [
{
"title": "Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign",
"text": "Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign The 1984 presidential campaign of Walter Mondale, a former Minnesota senator and Vice President of the United States, began on February 21, 1983, when Mondale announced that he was running for presiden... | {
"title": "Geraldine Ferraro",
"long_answer": "In 1984, former vice president and presidential candidate Walter Mondale, seen as an underdog, selected Ferraro to be his running mate in the upcoming election. Ferraro became the only Italian American to be a major-party national nominee in addition to being the first woman. The positive polling the Mondale-Ferraro ticket received when she joined soon faded, as damaging questions arose about her and her businessman husband's finances and wealth and her Congressional disclosure statements. In the general election, Mondale and Ferraro were defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1984, former vice president and presidential candidate Walter Mondale, seen as an underdog, selected Ferraro to be his running mate in the upcoming election. Ferraro became the only Italian American to be a major-party national nominee in addition to being the first woman. The positive polling the Mondale-Ferraro ticket received when she joined soon faded, as damaging questions arose about her and her businessman husband's finances and wealth and her Congressional disclosure statements. In the general election, Mondale and Ferraro were defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush.",
"short_answers": [
"Ferraro",
"George H. W. Bush"
]
} |
who took the first steps on the moon in 1969 | [
"Neil Armstrong"
] | [
{
"title": "Gus Grissom",
"text": "to walk on the Moon. \"Deke\" Slayton wrote that he had hoped for one of the original Mercury astronauts to go to the Moon, noting: \"It wasn't just a cut-and-dried decision as to who should make the first steps on the Moon. If I had to select on that basis, my first choic... | {
"title": "Apollo 11",
"long_answer": "Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first human to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon's surface. Armstrong and Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before rejoining Columbia in lunar orbit.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first human to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar",
"short_answers": [
"Neil Armstrong"
]
} |
state with highest population growth rate in india 2011 | [
"Dadra and Nagar Haveli",
"Meghalaya"
] | [
{
"title": "Uttarakhand",
"text": "2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292 comprising 5,137,773 males and 4,948,519 females, with 69.77% of the population living in rural areas. The state is the 20th most populous state of the country having 0.83% of the population on 1.63% of the l... | {
"title": "List of states and union territories of India by population",
"long_answer": "The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population growth rate has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent. Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli have the fastest growth rate of 55.5 percent, followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population growth rate has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent. Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli have the fastest growth rate of 55.5 percent, followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.",
"short_answers": [
"Meghalaya"
]
} |
who has the power (judicial) to make decisions in courts of law | [
"judges"
] | [
{
"title": "United Kingdom administrative law",
"text": "Parliament with additional posts at the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Assembly and other government institutions. The Ombudsman's role is to investigate complaints of maladministration. Judicial review is a procedure in English law whereby courts sup... | {
"title": "Judicial discretion",
"long_answer": "Judicial discretion is the power of the judiciary to make some legal decisions according to their discretion. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the ability of judges to exercise discretion is an aspect of judicial independence. Where appropriate, judicial discretion allows a judge to decide a legal case or matter within a range of possible decisions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Judicial discretion is the power of the judiciary to make some legal decisions according to their discretion. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the ability of judges to exercise discretion is an aspect of judicial independence. Where appropriate, judicial discretion allows a judge to decide a legal case or matter within a range of possible decisions.",
"short_answers": [
"judges"
]
} |
who does the voice of marceline on adventure time | [
"Cloris Leachman",
"Olivia Olson",
"Olivia Olson in most appearances",
"Ava Acres as a child",
"Ava Acres"
] | [
{
"title": "Olivia Olson",
"text": "sarcastic and spoiled teenager, she also has a kind heart and loves her parents. Olson's father, Martin, was a head writer for the first season of the show, and one of the main songwriters at Disney throughout the series. In 2010, Olson got the role of Marceline the Vampi... | {
"title": "Marceline the Vampire Queen",
"long_answer": "Marceline the Vampire Queen is a character in the American animated television series Adventure Time created by Pendleton Ward. She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman. Marceline is a fun-loving 1,000-year-old vampire queen. The artistic design for Marceline was created by Ward, with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda, former lead-character designer and prop designer for Adventure Time. Unlike a traditional vampire, Marceline does not need to drink blood to survive; rather, she eats the color red. Marceline is a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family's heirloom battle-axe.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Marceline the Vampire Queen is a character in the American animated television series Adventure Time created by Pendleton Ward. She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman. Marceline is a fun-loving 1,000-year-old vampire queen. The artistic design for Marceline was created by Ward, with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda, former lead-character designer and prop designer for Adventure Time. Unlike a traditional vampire, Marceline does not need to drink blood to survive; rather, she eats the color red. Marceline is a musician who",
"short_answers": [
"Ava Acres",
"Ava Acres as a child",
"Cloris Leachman",
"Olivia Olson",
"Olivia Olson in most appearances"
]
} |
who played truman capote in in cold blood | [
"Philip Seymour Hoffman"
] | [
{
"title": "In Cold Blood",
"text": "In Cold Blood In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas. When Capote learned of the quadruple... | {
"title": "In Cold Blood",
"long_answer": "The second and third film adaptations tell the story of Capote's experiences in writing the story and his subsequent fascination with the murders. Capote (2005) starred Philip Seymour Hoffman, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Truman Capote, Clifton Collins, Jr. as Perry Smith, and Catherine Keener as Harper Lee. The film was critically acclaimed, and was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor (Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (Keener), Best Director (Bennett Miller), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Dan Futterman).",
"chunked_long_answer": "The second and third film adaptations tell the story of Capote's experiences in writing the story and his subsequent fascination with the murders. Capote (2005) starred Philip Seymour Hoffman, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Truman Capote, Clifton Collins, Jr. as Perry Smith, and Catherine Keener as Harper Lee. The film was critically acclaimed, and was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor (Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (Keener), Best Director (Bennett Miller), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Dan Futterman).",
"short_answers": [
"Philip Seymour Hoffman"
]
} |
which is the site of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis | [
"thylakoid membranes",
"the thylakoid membranes"
] | [
{
"title": "Photosystem II",
"text": "Photosystem II Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Within the photosystem, enzymes c... | {
"title": "Light-dependent reactions",
"long_answer": "In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction takes place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction takes place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.",
"short_answers": [
"the thylakoid membranes",
"thylakoid membranes"
]
} |
who is nebula on guardians of the galaxy | [
"Karen Gillan"
] | [
{
"title": "Nebula (comics)",
"text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". She reprised the role in the 2018 film \"\" and will do so for the 2019 film \"\". Nebula was created by writer Roger Stern and artist John Buscema, and first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #257 (July 1985). A brutal space pirate and m... | {
"title": "Nebula (comics)",
"long_answer": "Nebula has appeared in several other media adaptations of the Marvel comics, including animated television series and video games. Karen Gillan portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy and its 2017 sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. She will reprise the role in the upcoming 2018 film Avengers: Infinity War and the 2019 untitled Avengers film.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Nebula has appeared in several other media adaptations of the Marvel comics, including animated television series and video games. Karen Gillan portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy and its 2017 sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. She will reprise the role in the upcoming 2018 film Avengers: Infinity War and the 2019 untitled Avengers film.",
"short_answers": [
"Karen Gillan"
]
} |
where can the mona lisa be found today | [
"Musée du Louvre, Paris",
"Louvre Museum in Paris"
] | [
{
"title": "Mona Lisa",
"text": "he stresses that the images never existed. Kemp is also adamant that Cotte’s images in no way establish the existence of a separate underlying portrait. On 21 August 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. The theft was not discovered until the next day, when painter ... | {
"title": "Mona Lisa",
"long_answer": "The painting is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. Recent academic work suggests that it would not have been started before 1513. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The painting is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. Recent academic work suggests that it would not have been started before 1513. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797.",
"short_answers": [
"Louvre Museum in Paris"
]
} |
when did canada sign the un declaration of indigenous rights | [
"May 2016",
"12 November 2010"
] | [
{
"title": "Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples",
"text": "Empire) was cut off. Under the prior 1867 constitution, 1920s Dominion of Canada and earlier law, which continue to apply to these peoples and treaties, the UN DRIP could have been pleaded in a UK court in conflicts between treaty and Ca... | {
"title": "Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples",
"long_answer": "On 12 November 2010, Canada officially endorsed the declaration but without changing its position that it was 'aspirational'.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On 12 November 2010, Canada officially endorsed the declaration but without changing its position that it was 'aspirational'.",
"short_answers": [
"12 November 2010"
]
} |
computer based models of real life situation are called | [
"Computer simulation",
"Computer simulations"
] | [
{
"title": "CSMP III",
"text": "CSMP III CSMP III, or Continuous System Modelling Program IlI is an early scientific computer software designed for modelling and solving differential equations numerically. This enables real-world systems to be simulated and tested with a computer. Since the early 1961s comp... | {
"title": "Computer simulation",
"long_answer": "Computer simulation reproduces the behavior of a system using a mathematical model. Computer simulations have become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics (computational physics), astrophysics, climatology, chemistry and biology, human systems in economics, psychology, social science, and engineering. Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system's model. It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new technology and to estimate the performance of systems too complex for analytical solutions.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "Computer simulation reproduces the behavior of a system using a mathematical model. Computer simulations have become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics (computational physics), astrophysics, climatology, chemistry and biology, human systems in economics, psychology, social science, and engineering. Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system's model. It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new technology and to estimate the performance of systems too complex for analytical solutions.",
"short_answers": [
"Computer simulation",
"Computer simulations"
]
} |
where does the coral sea meet the pacific ocean | [
"in the east",
"South Pacific"
] | [
{
"title": "Coral Sea",
"text": "(reefs) () off the Southeast extreme of New Caledonia, thence through the East point of Middleton Reef to the Eastern extreme of Elizabeth Reef () and down this meridian to Latitude 30° South. \"On the South.\" The parallel of 30° South to the Australian coast. \"On the West... | {
"title": "Coral Sea",
"long_answer": "It is bounded in the west by the east coast of Queensland, thereby including the Great Barrier Reef, in the east by Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) and by New Caledonia, and in the northeast approximately by the southern extremity of the Solomon Islands. In the northwest, it reaches to the south coast of eastern New Guinea, thereby including the Gulf of Papua. It merges with the Tasman Sea in the south, with the Solomon Sea in the north and with the Pacific Ocean in the east. On the west, it is bounded by the mainland coast of Queensland, and in the northwest, it connects with the Arafura Sea through the Torres Strait.",
"chunked_long_answer": "It is bounded in the west by the east coast of Queensland, thereby including the Great Barrier Reef, in the east by Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) and by New Caledonia, and in the northeast approximately by the southern extremity of the Solomon Islands. In the northwest, it reaches to the south coast of eastern New Guinea, thereby including the Gulf of Papua. It merges with the Tasman Sea in the south, with the Solomon Sea in the north and with the Pacific Ocean in the east. On the west, it is bounded by the mainland coast of Queensland, and",
"short_answers": [
"in the east"
]
} |
what type of writing did ancient egypt use | [
"hieroglyphs",
"Egyptian hieroglyphs"
] | [
{
"title": "History of writing",
"text": "capable of decipherment only with the aid of a magnifying-glass. In Egypt the principal writing material was of quite a different sort. Wooden tablets are found pictured on the monuments; but the material which was in common use, even from very ancient times, was th... | {
"title": "Egyptian hieroglyphs",
"long_answer": "Egyptian hieroglyphs (/ˈhaɪrəˌɡlɪf, -roʊ-/) were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. It combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The later hieratic and demotic Egyptian scripts were derived from hieroglyphic writing; Meroitic was a late derivation from demotic.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Egyptian hieroglyphs (/ˈhaɪrəˌɡlɪf, -roʊ-/) were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. It combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The later hieratic and demotic Egyptian scripts were derived from hieroglyphic writing; Meroitic was a late derivation from demotic.",
"short_answers": [
"Egyptian hieroglyphs",
"hieroglyphs"
]
} |
who started the guinness book of world records | [
"Sir Hugh Beaver",
"Sir Hugh Beaver,",
"Hugh Beaver",
"Norris and Ross McWhirter",
"brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter"
] | [
{
"title": "Ashrita Furman",
"text": "2007. Longer than the pencil outside the Malaysia HQ of stationers Faber-Castell, it was transported from Queens, New York, to the City Museum in St. Louis. In April 2009 Furman became the first person to hold 100 Guinness World Records at once. Ashrita Furman Ashrita F... | {
"title": "Guinness World Records",
"long_answer": "Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954.",
"short_answers": [
"Hugh Beaver",
"Norris and Ross McWhirter",
"Sir Hugh Beaver",
"Sir Hugh Beaver,",
"brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter"
]
} |
which president supported the creation of the environmental protection agency (epa) | [
"Richard Nixon",
"President Richard Nixon"
] | [
{
"title": "Presidency of Richard Nixon",
"text": "but he did not oppose the goals of the environmental movement. In 1970, he signed the National Environmental Policy Act and established the Environmental Protection Agency, which was charged with coordinating and enforcing federal environmental policy. Duri... | {
"title": "United States Environmental Protection Agency",
"long_answer": "The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or sometimes U.S. EPA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The current Administrator is Scott Pruitt. The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the Administrator is normally given cabinet rank.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or sometimes U.S. EPA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress.",
"short_answers": [
"President Richard Nixon",
"Richard Nixon"
]
} |
who sings i'm going to soak up the sun | [
"Kidz Bop Kids",
"American artist Sheryl Crow",
"backing vocals by Liz Phair",
"Sheryl Crow"
] | [
{
"title": "Soak Up the Sun",
"text": "by noted DJ Victor Calderone) spent one week at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart in June 2002; to date, this is Crow's only song to top this chart. In Europe, it reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart and number 15 in Austria and Switzerland... | {
"title": "Soak Up the Sun",
"long_answer": "\"Soak Up the Sun\" is the title of a song recorded by American artist Sheryl Crow. It was released in March 2002 as the lead single from her album C'mon C'mon. The song, which features backing vocals by Liz Phair, peaked at number-one on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart and hit number 5 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and #17 on the Hot 100 chart. In addition, \"Soak Up the Sun\" (remixed by noted DJ Victor Calderone) spent one week at #1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in June 2002; to date, this is Crow's only song to top this chart. It reached #16 on the UK Singles Chart. It was covered by the Kidz Bop Kids in 2003. The song was also included on the album \"Nolee Mix\" which was released to promote the My Scene dolls. The song was a staple of radio airplay during the summer of 2002.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Soak Up the Sun\" is the title of a song recorded by American artist Sheryl Crow. It was released in March 2002 as the lead single from her album C'mon C'mon. The song, which features backing vocals by Liz Phair, peaked at number-one on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart and hit number 5 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and #17 on the Hot 100 chart. In addition, \"Soak Up the Sun\" (remixed by noted DJ Victor Calderone) spent one week at #1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in June 2002; to date, this is Crow's only song to top this chart. It reached #16 on the UK Singles Chart. It was covered by the Kidz Bop Kids in 2003. ",
"short_answers": [
"American artist Sheryl Crow",
"Kidz Bop Kids",
"Sheryl Crow",
"backing vocals by Liz Phair"
]
} |
where did the last name edwards come from | [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales"
] | [
{
"title": "Gus Edwards",
"text": "Gus Edwards Gus(tave) Edwards (18 August 1878 – 7 November 1945) was an American songwriter and vaudevillian. He also organised his own theatre companies and was a music publisher. Edwards was born Gustave Schmelowsky in Inowrazlaw (Inowrocław), German Empire. His family m... | {
"title": "Edwards (surname)",
"long_answer": "Edwards is a patronymic surname, which arose separately in England and Wales. It means 'son of Edward'. Edwards is the 14th most common surname in Wales and 21st most common in England. Within the United States, it was ranked as the 49th-most common surname as surveyed in 1990, falling to 51st in 2014.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Edwards is a patronymic surname, which arose separately in England and Wales. It means 'son of Edward'. Edwards is the 14th most common surname in Wales and 21st most common in England. Within the United States, it was ranked as the 49th-most common surname as surveyed in 1990, falling to 51st in 2014.",
"short_answers": [
"England",
"Wales"
]
} |
who is mostly responsible for writing the declaration of independence | [
"Thomas Jefferson"
] | [
{
"title": "Thomas Stone",
"text": "by the NPS. The site, located on 6655 Rose Hill Road in Port Tobacco Village, Maryland, opened to the public in 1997. Thomas Stone Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delega... | {
"title": "United States Declaration of Independence",
"long_answer": "John Adams persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress would edit to produce the final version. The Declaration was ultimately a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The next day, Adams wrote to his wife Abigail: \"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America.\" But Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the Declaration of Independence was approved.",
"chunked_long_answer": "John Adams persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress would edit to produce the final version. The Declaration was ultimately a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The next day, Adams wrote to his wife Abigail: \"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America.\" But Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the Declaration of",
"short_answers": [
"Thomas Jefferson"
]
} |
who plays the saint of killers on preacher | [
"Graham McTavish"
] | [
{
"title": "Saint of Killers",
"text": "Saint of Killers The Saint of Killers is a fictional character who appears in the comic book series \"Preacher\", published by Vertigo Comics in 1995. The Saint of Killers was created by writer Garth Ennis with artist Steve Dillon. The Saint is described as, \"a grim,... | {
"title": "Saint of Killers",
"long_answer": "The Saint of Killers first appeared as a heartless murderer, who is transformed into the Angel of Death under the condition that he takes up the role of collecting the souls of those who die by violence. Following his reanimation, Heaven arranged for him to be put into a deep slumber, until he was needed to kill people. The Saint was a primary antagonist in the Preacher series, who is tasked by Heaven to kill protagonist Jesse Custer due to his possession of the entity Genesis. Aside from Ennis and Dillon's Preacher, the Saint was featured in his own four-issue limited series, Preacher: Saint of Killers, which expanded on the Saint's background and motivation, and has appeared briefly in the DC Comics series Hitman, centered on a \"wise-cracking assassin plying his trade in Gotham City\", and is portrayed by Graham McTavish in the television series adaptation of Preacher.",
"chunked_long_answer": "a deep slumber, until he was needed to kill people. The Saint was a primary antagonist in the Preacher series, who is tasked by Heaven to kill protagonist Jesse Custer due to his possession of the entity Genesis. Aside from Ennis and Dillon's Preacher, the Saint was featured in his own four-issue limited series, Preacher: Saint of Killers, which expanded on the Saint's background and motivation, and has appeared briefly in the DC Comics series Hitman, centered on a \"wise-cracking assassin plying his trade in Gotham City\", and is portrayed by Graham McTavish in the television series adaptation of Preacher.",
"short_answers": [
"Graham McTavish"
]
} |
where does kfc get their chicken in south africa | [
"reared in South Africa",
"South Africa"
] | [
{
"title": "Chicken Licken (restaurant)",
"text": "Johannesburg. KFC entered the South African market in 1971. Sombonos bought Chicken Licken's secret fried chicken recipe from the owner of a fast food outlet in Waco, Texas, for US $1,000 while touring the United States in 1972 and introduced it to the Dair... | {
"title": "KFC in South Africa",
"long_answer": "All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa.",
"chunked_long_answer": "All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa.",
"short_answers": [
"South Africa",
"reared in South Africa"
]
} |
who does april end up with on parks and rec | [
"Andy",
"Andy Dwyer"
] | [
{
"title": "April Ludgate",
"text": "April Ludgate April Roberta Ludgate-Karate-Dwyer (portrayed by Aubrey Plaza) is a fictional character in the NBC comedy \"Parks and Recreation\". She is first seen as an apathetic college student working as an intern in the Pawnee Department of Parks and Recreation, befo... | {
"title": "April Ludgate",
"long_answer": "In a series of flash-forwards in the final episode, April and Andy ask Leslie and Ben for advice regarding the prospect of having children, which Andy very much wants but April does not. They decide to try for it and their son Jack (short for Jack-o-Lantern) is born on Halloween 2023. By 2025 the couple is expecting their second child.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In a series of flash-forwards in the final episode, April and Andy ask Leslie and Ben for advice regarding the prospect of having children, which Andy very much wants but April does not. They decide to try for it and their son Jack (short for Jack-o-Lantern) is born on Halloween 2023. By 2025 the couple is expecting their second child.",
"short_answers": [
"Andy"
]
} |
who played dwight's brother on the office | [
"Thomas Middleditch"
] | [
{
"title": "The Office (U.S. season 2)",
"text": "a cohort with Jim in his pranks on Dwight. B. J. Novak portrays Ryan Howard, who is a temporary worker. Halfway through the season, eight of the show's recurring guest stars are promoted to series regulars and credited just after the main titles and before t... | {
"title": "The Farm (The Office)",
"long_answer": "\"The Farm\" is the seventeenth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series The Office and the 192nd overall. It originally aired on NBC on March 14, 2013. The episode guest stars Matt Jones as Dwight's cousin Zeke, Majandra Delfino as Dwight's sister Fannie, Blake Garrett Rosenthal as his nephew, and Thomas Middleditch as his brother.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"The Farm\" is the seventeenth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series The Office and the 192nd overall. It originally aired on NBC on March 14, 2013. The episode guest stars Matt Jones as Dwight's cousin Zeke, Majandra Delfino as Dwight's sister Fannie, Blake Garrett Rosenthal as his nephew, and Thomas Middleditch as his brother.",
"short_answers": [
"Thomas Middleditch"
]
} |
when was corporal punishment banned in south africa | [
"1997"
] | [
{
"title": "Sandringham High School, Johannesburg",
"text": "was strongly encouraged and the emphasis on sporting achievement was reflected in a large number of award ceremonies and prizes available to sporting participants. As in many South African schools, discipline was enforced by corporal punishment. S... | {
"title": "Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997",
"long_answer": "The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case of S v Williams and Others that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional. Although the ruling in S v Williams was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21, Justice Langa mentioned in dicta that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case of S v Williams and Others that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional. Although the ruling in S v Williams was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21, Justice Langa mentioned in dicta that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional.",
"short_answers": [
"1997"
]
} |
where was the first colony in north america located | [
"Virginia"
] | [
{
"title": "Roanoke Colony",
"text": "Roanoke Colony The Roanoke Colony (), also known as the Lost Colony, was the first attempt at founding a permanent English settlement in North America. It was established in 1585 on Roanoke Island in what is today's Dare County, North Carolina. The colony was sponsored ... | {
"title": "Jamestown, Virginia",
"long_answer": "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso writes that Jamestown \"is where the British Empire began\". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as \"James Fort\" on May 4, 1607 (O.S.; May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso writes that Jamestown \"is where the British Empire began\". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as \"James Fort\" on May 4, 1607 (O.S.; May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699.",
"short_answers": [
"Virginia"
]
} |
when did sierra nevada brewery open in asheville | [
"early 2014",
"January 2012",
"2014"
] | [
{
"title": "Sierra Nevada Brewing Company",
"text": "restaurants such as Berkeley's Chez Panisse, helped establish a market for Sierra Nevada's beer. By 1987, the brewery was distributing to seven states and production had reached per year, causing the company to pursue building a new brewery. In 1988, the ... | {
"title": "Sierra Nevada Brewing Company",
"long_answer": "In January 2012, Sierra Nevada announced it would build a second brewing facility with an attached restaurant in Mills River, North Carolina. The LEED-Platinum-certified building opened in early 2014 on a forested tract adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, re-using the cut-down trees as lumber both in the building and for the rainwater cisterns that flush the toilets.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In January 2012, Sierra Nevada announced it would build a second brewing facility with an attached restaurant in Mills River, North Carolina. The LEED-Platinum-certified building opened in early 2014 on a forested tract adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, re-using the cut-down trees as lumber both in the building and for the rainwater cisterns that flush the toilets.",
"short_answers": [
"2014",
"January 2012",
"early 2014"
]
} |
who plays the mother of howard on big bang theory | [
"Carol Ann Susi"
] | [
{
"title": "Melissa Rauch",
"text": "of Bernadette Rostenkowski, a co-worker of Penny who began to date Howard Wolowitz, in the third season of TV's \"The Big Bang Theory\". The following season her character became Howard's fiancée and Rauch was promoted to a series regular. The characters married in the s... | {
"title": "Carol Ann Susi",
"long_answer": "Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series The Big Bang Theory.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series The Big Bang Theory.",
"short_answers": [
"Carol Ann Susi"
]
} |
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