id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56f8410daef2371900625f55 | How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics? | enormous influence | [
"Szlachta\n\nThere were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enor... |
56f8410daef2371900625f56 | WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm? | any nobleman | [
"Szlachta\n\nThere were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enor... |
56f8410daef2371900625f57 | What is is called to nullify proceedings? | liberum veto | [
"Szlachta\n\nThere were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enor... |
56f84216aef2371900625f67 | Children inherited polish nobility from whom? | noble mother and father | [
"Szlachta\n\nAll children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: \"indygenat\") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, ... |
56f84216aef2371900625f68 | What does an individual do to attain ennoblement? | special services to the state | [
"Szlachta\n\nAll children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: \"indygenat\") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, ... |
56f84216aef2371900625f69 | WHo could naturalize a polish noble? | Polish king | [
"Szlachta\n\nAll children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: \"indygenat\") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, ... |
56f84216aef2371900625f6a | What is another name for ennoblement? | nobilitacja | [
"Szlachta\n\nAll children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: \"indygenat\") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, ... |
56f84216aef2371900625f6b | WHat is another name for polish noble? | indygenat | [
"Szlachta\n\nAll children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: \"indygenat\") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, ... |
56f85140a6d7ea1400e17555 | In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed? | equals | [
"Szlachta\n\nIn theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also grante... |
56f85140a6d7ea1400e17556 | Was was unique about the dignities? | not hereditary | [
"Szlachta\n\nIn theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also grante... |
56f85140a6d7ea1400e17557 | If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form? | ritual | [
"Szlachta\n\nIn theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also grante... |
56f85140a6d7ea1400e17558 | Nobles held land form whom? | other lords were only peers "de iure" | [
"Szlachta\n\nIn theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also grante... |
56f852d0a6d7ea1400e17567 | Who could compose the polish landed gentry? | any nobility that owned lands | [
"Szlachta\n\nNote that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal c... |
56f852d0a6d7ea1400e17568 | whats is another name for polish landed gentry? | (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo | [
"Szlachta\n\nNote that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal c... |
56f852d0a6d7ea1400e17569 | Did all hold title of nobility? | no | [
"Szlachta\n\nNote that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal c... |
56f85351aef2371900625fd9 | What was very important to the polish nobility? | Coats of arms | [
"Szlachta\n\nCoats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and G... |
56f85351aef2371900625fda | What kind of system was the coats of arms? | heraldic system | [
"Szlachta\n\nCoats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and G... |
56f85351aef2371900625fdb | how did the polish nobility system compare to other heraldy countries? | differing in many ways | [
"Szlachta\n\nCoats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and G... |
56f85351aef2371900625fdc | Where did polish knightshood originate? | Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany | [
"Szlachta\n\nCoats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and G... |
56f8542caef2371900625fe1 | What is the most notable difference between countries? | minorities would be given the noble title | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would... |
56f8542caef2371900625fe2 | Coat of arms would be shared with who else? | most families sharing origin | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would... |
56f8542caef2371900625fe3 | How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan? | on the basis of similarity of arms | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would... |
56f8542caef2371900625fe4 | Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall? | low and did not exceed 200 | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would... |
56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17581 | What was rarely used? | brisure | [
"Szlachta\n\nAlso, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used."
] |
56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17582 | Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe? | Poland | [
"Szlachta\n\nAlso, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used."
] |
56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17583 | Where did men get their coat of arms usually? | their fathers | [
"Szlachta\n\nAlso, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used."
] |
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17591 | What was the prevalent mentality and ideology called? | Sarmatism | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in \"Sarmatism\", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized... |
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17592 | Where did the name sarmatism originate? | powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in \"Sarmatism\", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized... |
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17593 | How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture? | served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in \"Sarmatism\", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized... |
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17594 | What was also pushed for by result of sarmatism? | peace and pacifism | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in \"Sarmatism\", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized... |
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17595 | What languages were freely mixed? | Polish and Latin | [
"Szlachta\n\nThe szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in \"Sarmatism\", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized... |
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759b | What two religions were most common? | Roman Catholic or Orthodox | [
"Szlachta\n\nPrior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusi... |
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759c | What was the minority group in the polish nobility? | Muslims | [
"Szlachta\n\nPrior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusi... |
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759d | What was rewarding for switching judiasm to christianity? | ennoblement | [
"Szlachta\n\nPrior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusi... |
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759e | What happened after the roman catholic church regained power in Poland? | the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic | [
"Szlachta\n\nPrior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusi... |
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759f | What was the smallest amount of religion in the noble? | Jews | [
"Szlachta\n\nPrior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusi... |
56f7fa54aef2371900625d18 | During which period was Vigil a poet? | Augustan | [
"Virgil\n\nPublius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics... |
56f7fa54aef2371900625d19 | How many major works of literature is Virgil known for? | three | [
"Virgil\n\nPublius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics... |
56f7fa54aef2371900625d1a | Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for? | Aeneid | [
"Virgil\n\nPublius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics... |
56f7fa54aef2371900625d1b | What is Virgil's full name? | Publius Vergilius Maro | [
"Virgil\n\nPublius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics... |
56f7fa54aef2371900625d1c | Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil? | Appendix Vergiliana | [
"Virgil\n\nPublius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics... |
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17355 | Which of Virgil's works is considered the national epic of ancient Rome? | Aeneid | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destin... |
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17356 | Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after? | Iliad and Odyssey | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destin... |
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17357 | Who is the main character in the Aeneid? | Aeneas | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destin... |
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17358 | What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid? | fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destin... |
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17359 | Who appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy? | Virgil | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destin... |
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e1735f | Who was Virgil's editor? | Varius | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual in... |
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17360 | Whose two commentaries were incorporated into Virgil's biography by Suetonius? | Servius and Donatus | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual in... |
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17361 | What do the comentaries rely on for some of their information about Virgil? | inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual in... |
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17362 | Is Virgil's biographical tradition easily researched or is it problematic? | problematic | [
"Virgil\n\nVirgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual in... |
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4a | In which village does tradition believe Virgil was born? | Andes | [
"Virgil\n\nThe tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographe... |
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4b | In which cities did Virgil attend schools? | Cremona, Mediolanum, Rome and Naples | [
"Virgil\n\nThe tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographe... |
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4c | What other career did Virgil consider? | rhetoric and law | [
"Virgil\n\nThe tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographe... |
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4d | Which type of family do scholars generally believe Virgil belonged to? | equestrian landowning | [
"Virgil\n\nThe tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographe... |
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4e | Does Macrobius believe Virgil's father came from a distinguished or humble background? | humble | [
"Virgil\n\nThe tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographe... |
56f89312aef23719006261c4 | Which three studies did Virgil abandon for philosophy? | rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinn... |
56f89312aef23719006261c5 | How was Virgil regarded socially by his schoolmates? | extremely shy and reserved | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinn... |
56f89312aef23719006261c6 | What was Virgil's nickname? | Parthenias | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinn... |
56f89312aef23719006261c7 | How did Virgil earn his nickname "Parthenias" or "maiden"? | social aloofness | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinn... |
56f89312aef23719006261c8 | Which short narrative poem was attributed to Virgil as early as the 1st century AD? | the Culex | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinn... |
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c40 | Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry? | Theocritus | [
"Virgil\n\nThe biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for \"selections\") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic ... |
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c41 | Who tried to pay off veterans with land, some of which possibly belonged to Virgil? | Octavian | [
"Virgil\n\nThe biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for \"selections\") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic ... |
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c42 | Virgil's loss of his famiyl farm and the attempt to regain his property though poetry was the inferred motive for which work? | Eclogues | [
"Virgil\n\nThe biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for \"selections\") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic ... |
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c43 | To whom was Eclogue 4 addressed to? | Asinius Pollio | [
"Virgil\n\nThe biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for \"selections\") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic ... |
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c44 | Which Eclogues discusses homosexual love? | Ecl. 2 | [
"Virgil\n\nThe biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for \"selections\") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic ... |
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4a | Who helped finish the Aeneid? | Varius Rufus | [
"Virgil\n\nSometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of... |
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4b | When where the Eclogues likely published? | before 37 BC | [
"Virgil\n\nSometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of... |
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4c | What were Octavian' s agent d'affaires called? | Maecenas | [
"Virgil\n\nSometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of... |
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4d | Which leading literary figure often mentioned Virgin in his poetry? | Horace | [
"Virgil\n\nSometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of... |
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018b | Which long didactic hexameter poem did Virgil work on for several years? | Georgics | [
"Virgil\n\nAt Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, \"On Working the Earth\") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of runni... |
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018c | To whom was Georgics dedicated to? | Maecenas | [
"Virgil\n\nAt Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, \"On Working the Earth\") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of runni... |
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018d | The theme of Georgics is instruction in the methods of what? | running a farm | [
"Virgil\n\nAt Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, \"On Working the Earth\") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of runni... |
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018e | Which of Virgil's poet friends committed suicide in 26 BC? | Gallus | [
"Virgil\n\nAt Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, \"On Working the Earth\") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of runni... |
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018f | Who was Gallus disgraced by? | Augustus | [
"Virgil\n\nAt Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, \"On Working the Earth\") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of runni... |
56f896ab9e9bad19000a0195 | Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at which battle? | Battle of Actium | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra a... |
56f896ab9e9bad19000a0196 | When did Octavian return from the Battle of Actium? | 31 BC | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra a... |
56f896ab9e9bad19000a0197 | Who took turns with Virgil to read the Georgics to Octavian? | Maecenas | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra a... |
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c67 | Which of Virgil's works is widely considered his finest? | The Aeneid | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactyli... |
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c68 | Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius? | Augustus | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactyli... |
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c69 | How many books are included in The Aeneid? | 12 | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactyli... |
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c6a | Which of Homer's works did the first six books of the Aeneid model after? | Odyssey | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactyli... |
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c6b | Which of Homer's works did the last six books of the Aeneid connect to? | Iliad | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactyli... |
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c81 | Who is Aeneas' enemy throughout the Aeneid? | Juno | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the i... |
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c82 | Which queen committed suicide in Book 4 of the Aeneid? | Dido | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the i... |
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c83 | In which book does Aeneas' father die? | 5 | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the i... |
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c84 | Who reveals Rome's destiny to Aeneas? | Anchises | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the i... |
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c85 | Who guides Aeneas through the Underworld? | Sibyl | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the i... |
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8b | To whom is Aeneas betrothed? | Lavinia | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In ... |
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8c | Which King does Aeneas ally with in Book 8 of the Aeneid? | King Evander | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In ... |
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8d | Who had Lavinia already been promised to? | Turnus | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In ... |
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8e | Who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto and Amata Lavinia's mother? | Turnus | [
"Virgil\n\nBook 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In ... |
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01af | When did Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Ceopatra VII occur? | 31 BC | [
"Virgil\n\nCritics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the s... |
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b0 | Who is the protagonist of the Aeneid? | Aeneas | [
"Virgil\n\nCritics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the s... |
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b1 | Who is mercilessly slaughtered by Aeneas? | Turnus | [
"Virgil\n\nCritics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the s... |
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b2 | Who is the founder of Rome which some scholars see strong associations with Aeneas? | Augustus | [
"Virgil\n\nCritics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the s... |
56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb1 | Which book supposedly caused Augustus' sister to faint? | 6 | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste... |
56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb2 | What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Wicar's artwork inspired by the Aeneid? | Virgil Reading the Aeneid | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste... |
56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb3 | Who did Virgil recite Books 2, 4, and 6 of the Aeneid to? | Augustus | [
"Virgil\n\nThe Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste... |
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc1 | According to tradition, where did Virgil travel in 19 BC to revise the Aeneid? | Greece | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on Sep... |
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc2 | Where did Virgil die? | Brundisium harbor | [
"Virgil\n\nAccording to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on Sep... |
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