id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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571a48c110f8ca1400304fc9 | Which part of memory allows us to go about our daily lives? | Working memory | [
"Memory\n\nThe working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. However, the concept of a central executive as noted here has been criticised... |
571a4a4e4faf5e1900b8a950 | What do most elderly people worry about? | memory loss, | [
"Memory\n\nOne of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, memory loss is qualitatively different in normal aging from the kind of memory loss associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's (Budson & Price, 2005)... |
571a4a4e4faf5e1900b8a951 | Is an eldery person with alzheimers having the same problem as a similar aged person experiencing memory loss? | memory loss is qualitatively different | [
"Memory\n\nOne of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, memory loss is qualitatively different in normal aging from the kind of memory loss associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's (Budson & Price, 2005)... |
571a4a4e4faf5e1900b8a952 | Which part of the brain is associated with the memory loss an elderly person suffers? | frontal regions | [
"Memory\n\nOne of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, memory loss is qualitatively different in normal aging from the kind of memory loss associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's (Budson & Price, 2005)... |
571a4a4e4faf5e1900b8a953 | Which memory is an elderly person helping by using appointment books? | prospective memory | [
"Memory\n\nOne of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, memory loss is qualitatively different in normal aging from the kind of memory loss associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's (Budson & Price, 2005)... |
571a6bf110f8ca1400305013 | Does a 6 month old have short term memory? | can recall information over the short-term | [
"Memory\n\nIt should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 an... |
571a6bf110f8ca1400305014 | What age can an infabt recall steps in an order? | 9 months of age | [
"Memory\n\nIt should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 an... |
571a6bf210f8ca1400305015 | What part of a two step sequence can a 6 month old remember? | one step of a two-step sequence | [
"Memory\n\nIt should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 an... |
571a6bf210f8ca1400305016 | What part of the brain is not fully developed in infants which can cause the memory differences in ages? | the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed | [
"Memory\n\nIt should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 an... |
571a704810f8ca140030502f | When remembering your first day of school or first dance, which memory are you using? | Episodic memories | [
"Memory\n\nDeclarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the wor... |
571a704810f8ca1400305030 | When fondly remembering your memory, which type of memory are you using? | Autobiographical memory | [
"Memory\n\nDeclarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the wor... |
571a704810f8ca1400305031 | Which type of memory enables us to remember knowledge of the world? | Semantic memory | [
"Memory\n\nDeclarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the wor... |
571a704810f8ca1400305032 | Which type of memory is used when remembering something that we've seen? | Visual memory | [
"Memory\n\nDeclarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the wor... |
571a711910f8ca1400305037 | What can cause your memory to deterioriate or not work as well? | Stress | [
"Memory\n\nStress has a significant effect on memory formation and learning. In response to stressful situations, the brain releases hormones and neurotransmitters (ex. glucocorticoids and catecholamines) which affect memory encoding processes in the hippocampus. Behavioural research on animals shows that chronic s... |
571a711910f8ca1400305038 | Which hormones are produces when a animal is stressed out? | adrenal hormones | [
"Memory\n\nStress has a significant effect on memory formation and learning. In response to stressful situations, the brain releases hormones and neurotransmitters (ex. glucocorticoids and catecholamines) which affect memory encoding processes in the hippocampus. Behavioural research on animals shows that chronic s... |
571a711910f8ca1400305039 | Who performed a study that involved having peoples hands in cold water while also memorizing words? | L. Schwabe and O. Wolf | [
"Memory\n\nStress has a significant effect on memory formation and learning. In response to stressful situations, the brain releases hormones and neurotransmitters (ex. glucocorticoids and catecholamines) which affect memory encoding processes in the hippocampus. Behavioural research on animals shows that chronic s... |
571a711910f8ca140030503a | What did L. Schwabes and O. Wolfs study seem to conlcude? | stress experienced during learning distracts people by diverting their attention during the memory encoding process. | [
"Memory\n\nStress has a significant effect on memory formation and learning. In response to stressful situations, the brain releases hormones and neurotransmitters (ex. glucocorticoids and catecholamines) which affect memory encoding processes in the hippocampus. Behavioural research on animals shows that chronic s... |
571a719210f8ca140030503f | What trouble can interference cause? | can hamper memorization and retrieval | [
"Memory\n\nInterference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important... |
571a719310f8ca1400305040 | What is retroactive interference? | when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information | [
"Memory\n\nInterference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important... |
571a719310f8ca1400305041 | What is proactive interference? | where prior learning disrupts recall of new information | [
"Memory\n\nInterference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important... |
571a719310f8ca1400305042 | What is a term used to describe being able to learn something quicker due to an older ability? | positive transfer. | [
"Memory\n\nInterference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important... |
571a722f10f8ca1400305047 | In 1960 did people believe an infant was able to remember things? | Up until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. | [
"Memory\n\nUp until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay. Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can ... |
571a722f10f8ca1400305048 | What is the minimum age researchers think a child begins to have memory? | . A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information | [
"Memory\n\nUp until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay. Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can ... |
571a722f10f8ca1400305049 | Does a persons memory capacity increase with age? | Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can store information for longer periods of time | [
"Memory\n\nUp until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay. Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can ... |
571a722f10f8ca140030504a | Who has a better memory retention a 6 month old or a 9 month old? | 9-month-olds | [
"Memory\n\nUp until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay. Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can ... |
571a72d84faf5e1900b8a9b2 | What role does the amygdala play in memory? | thought to be involved in emotional memory | [
"Memory\n\nBrain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala... |
571a72d84faf5e1900b8a9b3 | Can you pin point certain areas of the brain to certain memories. | it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions | [
"Memory\n\nBrain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala... |
571a72d84faf5e1900b8a9b4 | What changes can be linked to learning and memory? | neuronal synapses, | [
"Memory\n\nBrain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala... |
571a72d84faf5e1900b8a9b5 | What is the hippocampus's relationship to memory? | believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning | [
"Memory\n\nBrain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala... |
571a746210f8ca140030504f | Does it matter how long someone is exposed to stress to have an impact on their memory? | the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus | [
"Memory\n\nThe more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood ... |
571a746210f8ca1400305050 | Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events? | levels that have increased drastically | [
"Memory\n\nThe more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood ... |
571a746210f8ca1400305051 | Can a unborn child face issues with stress than can affect their future abilities? | prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life. | [
"Memory\n\nThe more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood ... |
571a746210f8ca1400305052 | Do the people studied in different research perform as well after stress as they did before becoming in contact with stressful situations? | When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties | [
"Memory\n\nThe more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood ... |
571a776810f8ca140030505f | What neurons are damaged during stressful events? | The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus | [
"Memory\n\nStressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss... |
571a776810f8ca1400305060 | What can make someone more prone to memory loss as they age? | the more stressful situations that someone encounters, | [
"Memory\n\nStressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss... |
571a776810f8ca1400305061 | What will a person often do with extremely stressful memories? | repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind | [
"Memory\n\nStressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss... |
571a776810f8ca1400305062 | What is the cause of neuron loss due to stress? | high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors | [
"Memory\n\nStressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss... |
571a782d10f8ca1400305067 | Does sleep hurt a persons memory? | There have been several studies which show that sleep improves the retention of memory, | [
"Memory\n\nSleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which... |
571a782d10f8ca1400305068 | What does SWS stand for? | slow-wave sleep | [
"Memory\n\nSleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which... |
571a782d10f8ca1400305069 | What take place during SWS? | System consolidation | [
"Memory\n\nSleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which... |
571a782d10f8ca140030506a | What is the role of the neocortex whe it relates to memory? | reviews and processes memories, which moves them into long-term memory | [
"Memory\n\nSleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which... |
571a782d10f8ca140030506b | In studies what is a relationship between sleeping and learning? | activation patterns in the sleeping brain that mirror those recorded during the learning of tasks from the previous day | [
"Memory\n\nSleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake. Therefore, sleep has the greatest effect on memory consolidation. During sleep, the neural connections in the brain are strengthened. This enhances the brain’s abilities to stabilize and retain memories. There have been several studies which... |
571a78d310f8ca140030507b | Can one increase their brain efficency? | people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency | [
"Memory\n\nA UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into ... |
571a78d310f8ca140030507c | What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency? | simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction | [
"Memory\n\nA UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into ... |
571a78d310f8ca140030507d | In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have? | After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. | [
"Memory\n\nA UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into ... |
571a78d310f8ca140030507e | Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory? | it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory. | [
"Memory\n\nA UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into ... |
571a7a2810f8ca140030508d | What is a term to describe memory loss? | amnesia. | [
"Memory\n\nMuch of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippoca... |
571a7a2810f8ca140030508e | What diseases can have a major imact on memory? | Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease | [
"Memory\n\nMuch of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippoca... |
571a7a2810f8ca140030508f | What is Korsakoff's syndrome? | an organic brain disease that adversely affects memory by widespread loss or shrinkage of neurons within the prefrontal cortex. | [
"Memory\n\nMuch of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippoca... |
571a7a2810f8ca1400305090 | Is amnesia only seen in one form? | There are many sorts of amnesia, | [
"Memory\n\nMuch of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippoca... |
571a7a2810f8ca1400305091 | What happens to a person whose autobiographic memory is damaged? | that they cannot forget small details that otherwise would not be stored | [
"Memory\n\nMuch of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippoca... |
571a7cfa4faf5e1900b8a9d8 | Does excersice have any role on cognitive brain function? | has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. | [
"Memory\n\nPhysical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocam... |
571a7cfa4faf5e1900b8a9d9 | What positive things can happen to your brain when you excersise? | increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus | [
"Memory\n\nPhysical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocam... |
571a7cfa4faf5e1900b8a9da | Is a child who excercies likely to perform better in school? | The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance | [
"Memory\n\nPhysical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocam... |
571a7cfa4faf5e1900b8a9db | What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain? | aerobic exercises | [
"Memory\n\nPhysical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocam... |
571a88324faf5e1900b8aa28 | What can impact memory performance in a positive way? | when material is linked to the learning context, | [
"Memory\n\nHowever, memory performance can be enhanced when material is linked to the learning context, even when learning occurs under stress. A separate study by cognitive psychologists Schwabe and Wolf shows that when retention testing is done in a context similar to or congruent with the original learning task ... |
571a88324faf5e1900b8aa29 | What can the scent of vanilla be used for? | strong cue for memory. | [
"Memory\n\nHowever, memory performance can be enhanced when material is linked to the learning context, even when learning occurs under stress. A separate study by cognitive psychologists Schwabe and Wolf shows that when retention testing is done in a context similar to or congruent with the original learning task ... |
571a88324faf5e1900b8aa2a | What did a study performed by Schwabe and wolf show? | memory impairment and the detrimental effects of stress on learning can be attenuated. | [
"Memory\n\nHowever, memory performance can be enhanced when material is linked to the learning context, even when learning occurs under stress. A separate study by cognitive psychologists Schwabe and Wolf shows that when retention testing is done in a context similar to or congruent with the original learning task ... |
571a88324faf5e1900b8aa2b | In Schwabe and wolfs study what where particpants asked to memorize? | were asked to remember the locations of 15 pairs of picture cards – | [
"Memory\n\nHowever, memory performance can be enhanced when material is linked to the learning context, even when learning occurs under stress. A separate study by cognitive psychologists Schwabe and Wolf shows that when retention testing is done in a context similar to or congruent with the original learning task ... |
571a88324faf5e1900b8aa2c | In their study what was the relationship that both groups shared? | both stressed and unstressed, performed faster when the learning and retrieval contexts were similar. | [
"Memory\n\nHowever, memory performance can be enhanced when material is linked to the learning context, even when learning occurs under stress. A separate study by cognitive psychologists Schwabe and Wolf shows that when retention testing is done in a context similar to or congruent with the original learning task ... |
571a8a9010f8ca14003050fd | What can cause a person to have fake memories? | repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced | [
"Memory\n\nInterestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories. For instance, Goff and Roediger (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break... |
571a8a9010f8ca14003050fe | Who performed a study that showed the similarirty of imaginging doing something and then later remembering actually doing that task? | Goff and Roediger | [
"Memory\n\nInterestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories. For instance, Goff and Roediger (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break... |
571a8a9010f8ca14003050ff | What did a similar study done by Garry find? | researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children | [
"Memory\n\nInterestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories. For instance, Goff and Roediger (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break... |
571a8f234faf5e1900b8aa72 | What has research shown about our memories? | our memories are constructed | [
"Memory\n\nAlthough people often think that memory operates like recording equipment, it is not the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime. In fact, research has revealed t... |
571a8f234faf5e1900b8aa73 | How does a person build their memories? | when they encode them and/or when they recall them. | [
"Memory\n\nAlthough people often think that memory operates like recording equipment, it is not the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime. In fact, research has revealed t... |
571a8f234faf5e1900b8aa74 | What did a study done by Elizabeth Loftus and John palmer show? | that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect. | [
"Memory\n\nAlthough people often think that memory operates like recording equipment, it is not the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime. In fact, research has revealed t... |
571a8f234faf5e1900b8aa75 | In their study what did people say they say when they really hadn't due to having the word "smashed" inserted into the question? | broken glass | [
"Memory\n\nAlthough people often think that memory operates like recording equipment, it is not the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime. In fact, research has revealed t... |
571a90034faf5e1900b8aa82 | What is the most widely used way in learing? | Rote learning | [
"Memory\n\nMemorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing... |
571a90034faf5e1900b8aa83 | What does memorization mean? | a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim | [
"Memory\n\nMemorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing... |
571a90034faf5e1900b8aa84 | What learning tool did Cosmos rosselliius write about? | using visual alphabets. | [
"Memory\n\nMemorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing... |
571a90034faf5e1900b8aa85 | What is the spacing effect? | shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time | [
"Memory\n\nMemorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing... |
571a90034faf5e1900b8aa86 | What is the Zeigarnik effect? | states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. | [
"Memory\n\nMemorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing... |
571a2ab710f8ca1400304f21 | When was the first federal population census taken in the US? | 1790 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a2ab710f8ca1400304f22 | What were the two categories for race in the census? | white or "other." | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a2ab710f8ca1400304f23 | Who all was identified by name in the house holds? | Only the heads of households | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a2ab710f8ca1400304f24 | What were Indians categorized as after they were included as others? | "Free people of color" | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a94b810f8ca1400305179 | When was the first US federal population census taken? | In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a94b810f8ca140030517a | How were enumerators instructed to classify residents? | . Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other." | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a94b810f8ca140030517b | Was every resident listed by name? | Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a94b810f8ca140030517c | Were all residents counted together or separately? | Slaves were counted separately from free persons | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a94b810f8ca140030517d | when did any changes to counting procedures happen? | until the Civil War and end of slavery. | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571dd9b9b64a571400c71d9a | When did the US begin to take census? | 1790 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571dd9b9b64a571400c71d9b | At what point were all members of the household named on a census? | 1850 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571dd9b9b64a571400c71d9c | Who were considered "free people of color"? | Native Americans | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571dd9b9b64a571400c71d9d | What does mulatto mean? | visible European ancestry in addition to African | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571dd9b9b64a571400c71d9e | Where would a Native American live to not be counted in the census? | Indian reservations | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\" Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among \"Other;\" i... |
571a2b9e4faf5e1900b8a8e2 | The Census Bureau had gone from two categories to how many by the 1990s? | more than a dozen | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a2b9e4faf5e1900b8a8e3 | Why were there more immigrants in the US? | due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a2b9e4faf5e1900b8a8e4 | How had the Census Bureau changed its collection of data? | allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a2b9e4faf5e1900b8a8e5 | What is one of the many outcomes of the Census data? | federal assistance | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a2b9e4faf5e1900b8a8e6 | By 2002, what percent of African Americans had multiracial ancestries? | over 75% | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a94a24faf5e1900b8aaba | How many different ethnic categories were listed on the modern census? | By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a94a24faf5e1900b8aabb | Can people self identify as more than one ethnicity on the US census currently? | The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a94a24faf5e1900b8aabc | About how many African American have multiracial ancestries | According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries. | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a94a24faf5e1900b8aabd | Do some ethnic groups have concerns about census changes? | Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571a94a24faf5e1900b8aabe | How is some federal assistance allocated to certain groups? | federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571dda9db64a571400c71da4 | Twelve or more categories for race and ethnicity were in the Census by when? | 1990 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571dda9db64a571400c71da5 | When did laws allow for more immigrants? | in the 1960s | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571dda9db64a571400c71da6 | How many African Americans identify as multiracial on the Census of 2002? | over 75% | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
571dda9db64a571400c71da7 | What type of federal assistance depends on Census data? | assistance to historically underserved groups | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nBy 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws ... |
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