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571de4b45569731900639092 | What are some examples of how a noble person should look before Christians came? | dark skin and ample bodies | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nDuring the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival ... |
571de4b45569731900639093 | What did westerners call the women of Hawaii? | Hawaiian squaws | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nDuring the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival ... |
571de4b45569731900639094 | When would white men marry the paler and thinner Hawaiian ladies? | By the last half of the 19th century | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nDuring the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival ... |
571de5e2556973190063909a | Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws? | white Democrats | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nRacial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading m... |
571de5e2556973190063909b | When did Virginia add the one drop rule to their laws? | 1924 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nRacial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading m... |
571de5e2556973190063909c | What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws? | that many whites had multiracial ancestry. | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nRacial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading m... |
571de5e2556973190063909d | Why were laws limiting people of color passed? | to restore white supremacy | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nRacial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading m... |
571de5e2556973190063909e | What had popularity in the early 20th century that caused rising racial discrimination? | eugenics and ideas of racial purity | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nRacial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading m... |
571de6c155697319006390a4 | A person is not a member of a racial minority if ancetry does not what? | exceed one-fourth | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe phenomenon known as \"passing as white\" is difficult to explain in other countries or to foreign students. Typical questions are: \"Shouldn't Americans say that a person who is passing as white is white, or nearly all white, and has previously been passing as black?\" or \"To be consis... |
571de6c155697319006390a5 | Who are consdered to have the most physical differences? | African blacks and whites | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe phenomenon known as \"passing as white\" is difficult to explain in other countries or to foreign students. Typical questions are: \"Shouldn't Americans say that a person who is passing as white is white, or nearly all white, and has previously been passing as black?\" or \"To be consis... |
571de6c155697319006390a6 | What are groups other than blacks considered to be? | less threatening to whites | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe phenomenon known as \"passing as white\" is difficult to explain in other countries or to foreign students. Typical questions are: \"Shouldn't Americans say that a person who is passing as white is white, or nearly all white, and has previously been passing as black?\" or \"To be consis... |
571de760b64a571400c71de0 | Who says genetic tests can't tell the difference between different Native American nations? | Geneticists | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPopulation testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is gen... |
571de760b64a571400c71de1 | What are geneticists looking for? | the pattern of markers | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPopulation testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is gen... |
571de760b64a571400c71de2 | What is there genetic evidence of? | three major migrations into North America | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPopulation testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is gen... |
571de7edb64a571400c71de6 | How do some mixed raced people feel? | marginalized by U.S. society | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the inst... |
571de7edb64a571400c71de7 | How many racial choices are there on standardized tests? | Typically, about five race choices | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the inst... |
571de7edb64a571400c71de8 | How many race choices may someone check? | only one | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the inst... |
571de7edb64a571400c71de9 | What does the "other" box do? | groups together individuals of many different multiracial types | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the inst... |
571de7edb64a571400c71dea | When do mixed race individuals feel marginalized? | when applying to schools or for a job | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the inst... |
571de890b64a571400c71df0 | What usually played a larger role than laws regarding a person's race? | social acceptance | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPrior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color. More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law. In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins. The communi... |
571de890b64a571400c71df1 | Where did people not ask about racial background? | frontier areas | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPrior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color. More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law. In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins. The communi... |
571de890b64a571400c71df2 | What were the hallmarks of free citizens? | they served in the militia and voted | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPrior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color. More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law. In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins. The communi... |
571de890b64a571400c71df3 | Whos acceptance decided inheritance issues? | neighbors | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nPrior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color. More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law. In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins. The communi... |
571de95b55697319006390aa | The President's father is from what country? | Kenya | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSince the late twentieth century, the number of African and Caribbean ethnic African immigrants have increased in the United States. Together with publicity about the ancestry of President Barack Obama, whose father was from Kenya, some black writers have argued that new terms are needed fo... |
571de95b55697319006390ab | What community still has some effects of slavery? | American slave descendant community | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSince the late twentieth century, the number of African and Caribbean ethnic African immigrants have increased in the United States. Together with publicity about the ancestry of President Barack Obama, whose father was from Kenya, some black writers have argued that new terms are needed fo... |
571de95b55697319006390ac | What must Africans who recently immigrated do? | recognize their own unique ancestral backgrounds | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSince the late twentieth century, the number of African and Caribbean ethnic African immigrants have increased in the United States. Together with publicity about the ancestry of President Barack Obama, whose father was from Kenya, some black writers have argued that new terms are needed fo... |
571de95b55697319006390ad | Who argue for a term other than African American to describe recent immigrants? | some black writers | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSince the late twentieth century, the number of African and Caribbean ethnic African immigrants have increased in the United States. Together with publicity about the ancestry of President Barack Obama, whose father was from Kenya, some black writers have argued that new terms are needed fo... |
571dea26b64a571400c71df8 | When did multiracial people start to organize for more inclusive racial identifiers? | In the 1980s | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of \"bi-racial\" or \"multiracial\" in 1... |
571dea26b64a571400c71df9 | What was the response to the idea of identifying people as biracial or multiracial? | mostly negative | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of \"bi-racial\" or \"multiracial\" in 1... |
571dea26b64a571400c71dfa | What could have cause loss of power via the use of the term biracial and multiracial? | if African Americans reduced their numbers by self-identification | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of \"bi-racial\" or \"multiracial\" in 1... |
571dea26b64a571400c71dfb | Who are some of the opponents of biracial and multiracial as identifiers? | Congresswoman Diane Watson and Congressman Augustus Hawkins | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of \"bi-racial\" or \"multiracial\" in 1... |
571deae4b64a571400c71e00 | What determined a child's social identity? | the tribe's kinship system | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system. Among the matrilineal tribes of the Southeast, the mixed-race children generally were accepted as and identified as Indian, as they gained their social status from their mother's clans and tribes, and... |
571deae4b64a571400c71e01 | What heritage system do Southeast tribes use? | matrilineal | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system. Among the matrilineal tribes of the Southeast, the mixed-race children generally were accepted as and identified as Indian, as they gained their social status from their mother's clans and tribes, and... |
571deae4b64a571400c71e02 | What were multiracial children with a tribal mother considered to be in tribes of the Southeast? | Indian | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system. Among the matrilineal tribes of the Southeast, the mixed-race children generally were accepted as and identified as Indian, as they gained their social status from their mother's clans and tribes, and... |
571deae4b64a571400c71e03 | What race did the Omaha view a multiracial child with a white father to be? | white | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system. Among the matrilineal tribes of the Southeast, the mixed-race children generally were accepted as and identified as Indian, as they gained their social status from their mother's clans and tribes, and... |
571debb355697319006390b2 | Who was a doctor? | Charles Eastman | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who t... |
571debb355697319006390b3 | Who was the doctor related to? | Seth Eastman | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who t... |
571debb355697319006390b4 | Who did the relative of the doctor marry? | Sioux woman | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who t... |
571debb355697319006390b5 | Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute? | three European-American middle-class female teachers | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who t... |
571debb355697319006390b6 | What tribe was Eastman related to? | Sioux | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who t... |
571df107b64a571400c71e14 | Who said many African Americans have NAtive American heritage? | Sherrel W. Stewart | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that \"most\" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gate... |
571df107b64a571400c71e15 | Who disproved Sherrel's hypothesis? | genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that \"most\" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gate... |
571df107b64a571400c71e16 | Who hosts a TV series on the genetic history of African Americans? | Henry Louis Gates | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nThe writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that \"most\" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gate... |
571df27ab64a571400c71e1a | What jobs did the earliest Europeans who mingled with natives hold? | explorers and soldiers | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with wo... |
571df27ab64a571400c71e1b | Who started marrying or having unions with native women after settlment increased? | traders and fur trappers | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with wo... |
571df27ab64a571400c71e1c | Why did Chesapeake Bay colonists begin to buy slaves? | a continuing, critical labor shortage | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with wo... |
571df27ab64a571400c71e1d | Who first imported slaves to New York? | the Dutch | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with wo... |
571df27ab64a571400c71e1e | Who freed some of the early slaves? | their masters | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with wo... |
571df34b55697319006390bc | President Thomas Jefferson had a relationship with who? | Sally Hemings | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nOf numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Parado... |
571df34b55697319006390bd | What was the name of the Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit that discussed their relationship? | Slavery at Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nOf numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Parado... |
571df34b55697319006390be | How long were Jefferson and Hemmings in a relationship? | nearly 40 years | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nOf numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Parado... |
571df34b55697319006390bf | Which child of Jefferson identified as black? | Madison Hemings | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nOf numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Parado... |
571df34b55697319006390c0 | How much of the children of Jefferson and Hemmings were white? | Seven-eighths | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nOf numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Parado... |
571df3d555697319006390c6 | As an example, whose status was downgraded after the civil war? | traditionally free people of color in Louisiana | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nAfter the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels. The binary division altered the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisia... |
571df3d555697319006390c7 | Who were increasingly included as African Americans in the 20th century? | people of any portion of African descent | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nAfter the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels. The binary division altered the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisia... |
571df47eb64a571400c71e24 | Where did most Chinese men enter the US? | primarily on the West Coast and in western territories | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nChinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was p... |
571df47eb64a571400c71e25 | Who imported Chinese laborers? | white planters | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nChinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was p... |
571df47eb64a571400c71e26 | What cause wives to be unable to move to the US with their Chinese husbands after 1882? | the Chinese Exclusion Act | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nChinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was p... |
571df47eb64a571400c71e27 | What did racial bias generally mean for Chinese people? | they did not take white spouses | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nChinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was p... |
571df47eb64a571400c71e28 | What did Chinese laborers do after they left that line of work? | set up groceries in small towns throughout the South | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nChinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was p... |
571df51db64a571400c71e2e | What office is responsible for the census form changes? | the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMultiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which... |
571df51db64a571400c71e2f | When did the OMB change racial guidelines for the census form? | 1997 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMultiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which... |
571df51db64a571400c71e30 | When were the OMB racial directive made mandatory for every government form? | 2003 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMultiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which... |
571df51db64a571400c71e31 | What did the OMB vote to allow on the 2000 census? | participants to select more than one of the six available categories | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMultiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which... |
571df5db55697319006390ca | What was the result of a child having an African mother? | born into slavery | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nLaws dating from 17th-century colonial America defined children of African slave mothers as taking the status of their mothers, and born into slavery regardless of the race or status of the father, under partus sequitur ventrem. The association of slavery with a \"race\" led to slavery as a... |
571df5db55697319006390cb | What is the rule that allows children with white fathers to be slaves? | partus sequitur ventrem | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nLaws dating from 17th-century colonial America defined children of African slave mothers as taking the status of their mothers, and born into slavery regardless of the race or status of the father, under partus sequitur ventrem. The association of slavery with a \"race\" led to slavery as a... |
571df5db55697319006390cc | Who was the first African American to gradute from Vassar College? | Anita Florence Hemmings | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nLaws dating from 17th-century colonial America defined children of African slave mothers as taking the status of their mothers, and born into slavery regardless of the race or status of the father, under partus sequitur ventrem. The association of slavery with a \"race\" led to slavery as a... |
571df5db55697319006390cd | What makes a person mulatto? | parents were black and white | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nLaws dating from 17th-century colonial America defined children of African slave mothers as taking the status of their mothers, and born into slavery regardless of the race or status of the father, under partus sequitur ventrem. The association of slavery with a \"race\" led to slavery as a... |
571df5db55697319006390ce | What does a person have to have to be an octoroon? | one black great-grandparent and the remainder white | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nLaws dating from 17th-century colonial America defined children of African slave mothers as taking the status of their mothers, and born into slavery regardless of the race or status of the father, under partus sequitur ventrem. The association of slavery with a \"race\" led to slavery as a... |
571df6a455697319006390d4 | Why did Steele think people were not attacking Barrack Obama? | Because he has no slave blood in him | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nReacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, \"Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave ... |
571df6a455697319006390d5 | What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as? | "black" or "white" | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nReacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, \"Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave ... |
571df6a455697319006390d6 | What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was? | recent American immigrant | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nReacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, \"Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave ... |
571df6a455697319006390d7 | Who is Charles Kenzie Steele Jr? | CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nReacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, \"Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave ... |
571df6a455697319006390d8 | Why did Steele say what he did? | to be "provocative" | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nReacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, \"Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave ... |
571df84ab64a571400c71e36 | When was the wedding of Rolfe and Pocahontas? | April 5, 1614 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Lati... |
571df84ab64a571400c71e37 | What did English laws not exclude people with some native blood from being? | considered English or white | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Lati... |
571df84ab64a571400c71e38 | Who married Indigenous women early on? | male settlers | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Lati... |
571df84ab64a571400c71e39 | Where did Rolfe marry Pocahontas? | present-day Virginia | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Lati... |
571df84ab64a571400c71e3a | Who was an ancestor of the First Families of Virginia? | Thomas Rolfe | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nSome early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Lati... |
571dfb4e55697319006390de | What has helped geneologists researching slaves? | Colonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nColonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies, often have much more information about slaves, from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories. Genealogists have begun to find plantation records, court records... |
571dfb4e55697319006390df | What were slaves usually not allowed to do? | learn to read and write | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nColonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies, often have much more information about slaves, from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories. Genealogists have begun to find plantation records, court records... |
571dfb4e55697319006390e0 | What replaced written records for black families? | oral histories | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nColonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies, often have much more information about slaves, from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories. Genealogists have begun to find plantation records, court records... |
571dfb4e55697319006390e1 | Who caused the Census Burea to drop the terms free people of color and mulatto? | Southern Congressional bloc | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nColonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies, often have much more information about slaves, from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories. Genealogists have begun to find plantation records, court records... |
571dfb4e55697319006390e2 | When were the terms mulatto and free people of color taken off the census? | 1930 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nColonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies, often have much more information about slaves, from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories. Genealogists have begun to find plantation records, court records... |
571dfc31b64a571400c71e40 | Who did colonists ask for help in returning runaway slaves? | Indigenous American tribes | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nEuropean colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from ... |
571dfc31b64a571400c71e41 | When was a treaty with the Iroquis made to return slaves? | 1726 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nEuropean colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from ... |
571dfc31b64a571400c71e42 | What asked for the return of slaves who married indigenous americans or spoke their language? | Numerous advertisements | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nEuropean colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from ... |
571dfc31b64a571400c71e43 | How did natives and Africans come to know each other? | through the institution of slavery | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nEuropean colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from ... |
571dfc31b64a571400c71e44 | Why did natives consider Africans to have a 'Great Medicine'? | because Africans were virtually immune to the Old-World diseases | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nEuropean colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from ... |
571dfcde55697319006390e8 | What did the laws passed in the 17th century do? | gave children the social status of their mother | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships, common-law marriages, and marriages occurred since the earliest colonial years, especially before slavery hardened as a racial caste associated with people of African descent in the British colonies. Virginia and other English colonies passed laws in the 17th cent... |
571dfcde55697319006390e9 | What is the rule called that causes a father's race to not matter? | partus sequitur ventrem | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships, common-law marriages, and marriages occurred since the earliest colonial years, especially before slavery hardened as a racial caste associated with people of African descent in the British colonies. Virginia and other English colonies passed laws in the 17th cent... |
571dfcde55697319006390ea | What did white fathers do after the American Revolution to provide for mixed children? | paying or arranging for education or apprenticeships and freeing them | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships, common-law marriages, and marriages occurred since the earliest colonial years, especially before slavery hardened as a racial caste associated with people of African descent in the British colonies. Virginia and other English colonies passed laws in the 17th cent... |
571dfcde55697319006390eb | English common law generally said what? | a man gave his status to his children | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nInterracial relationships, common-law marriages, and marriages occurred since the earliest colonial years, especially before slavery hardened as a racial caste associated with people of African descent in the British colonies. Virginia and other English colonies passed laws in the 17th cent... |
571dfdc5b64a571400c71e4a | What are many Latin American migrants? | mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMany Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-repres... |
571dfdc5b64a571400c71e4b | What do latinos consider a light skinned mulatto to be? | white | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMany Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-repres... |
571dfdc5b64a571400c71e4c | Who is overlooking darker skinned latino multiracial people? | the U.S. Hispanic media | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMany Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-repres... |
571dfdc5b64a571400c71e4d | What does the typical latino in media look like? | blond and blue/green-eyed white | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nMany Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-repres... |
571dfe3fb64a571400c71e52 | Before 1920, how would a person be white by law? | if having seven-eights or more white ancestry | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn Virginia prior to 1920, for example, a person was legally white if having seven-eights or more white ancestry. The one-drop rule originated in some Southern United States in the late 19th century, likely in response to whites' attempt to maintain white supremacy and limit black political... |
571dfe3fb64a571400c71e53 | What year was mulatto left off the US Census? | 1920 | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn Virginia prior to 1920, for example, a person was legally white if having seven-eights or more white ancestry. The one-drop rule originated in some Southern United States in the late 19th century, likely in response to whites' attempt to maintain white supremacy and limit black political... |
571dfe3fb64a571400c71e54 | Who is responsible for the Census Bureau discarding the mulatto category? | Southern-dominated Congress | [
"Multiracial_American\n\nIn Virginia prior to 1920, for example, a person was legally white if having seven-eights or more white ancestry. The one-drop rule originated in some Southern United States in the late 19th century, likely in response to whites' attempt to maintain white supremacy and limit black political... |
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