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572717be5951b619008f85d2 | What network was proposed by Comcast and the US Olympic Committee? | The U.S. Olympic Network | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast delivers third-party television programming content to its own customers, and also produces its own first-party content both for subscribers and customers of other competing television services. Fully or partially owned Comcast programming includes Comcast Newsmakers, Comcast Network, Comcast Sp... |
572717be5951b619008f85d3 | What city hosted the 2010 Winter Olympics? | Vancouver | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast delivers third-party television programming content to its own customers, and also produces its own first-party content both for subscribers and customers of other competing television services. Fully or partially owned Comcast programming includes Comcast Newsmakers, Comcast Network, Comcast Sp... |
572717be5951b619008f85d4 | What happened to the U.S. Olympic Network? | The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast have ended the plans | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast delivers third-party television programming content to its own customers, and also produces its own first-party content both for subscribers and customers of other competing television services. Fully or partially owned Comcast programming includes Comcast Newsmakers, Comcast Network, Comcast Sp... |
572719235951b619008f85e7 | What is the name of Comcast's channel available to subscribers in east coast markets? | Comcast Network | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast also owns many local channels. Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers. The channel shows news, sports, and entertainment and places emphasis in Philadelphia and the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. areas, though the cha... |
572719235951b619008f85e8 | What is the name of Comcast's subscriber channel in Colorado? | Comcast Entertainment Television | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast also owns many local channels. Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers. The channel shows news, sports, and entertainment and places emphasis in Philadelphia and the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. areas, though the cha... |
572719235951b619008f85e9 | In what year did Comcast Entertainment take over operation of Colorado's Emergency Alert System? | 2006 | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast also owns many local channels. Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers. The channel shows news, sports, and entertainment and places emphasis in Philadelphia and the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. areas, though the cha... |
572719235951b619008f85ea | What New York area sports channel did Comcast help found in 2006 | SportsNet New York | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast also owns many local channels. Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers. The channel shows news, sports, and entertainment and places emphasis in Philadelphia and the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. areas, though the cha... |
572719235951b619008f85eb | What baseball team was Comcast's partner in their New York sports network? | New York Mets | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast also owns many local channels. Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers. The channel shows news, sports, and entertainment and places emphasis in Philadelphia and the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. areas, though the cha... |
57271a2e708984140094d9c1 | Who was the founder of Philadelphia sports corporation Spectator? | Ed Snider | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 1996, Comcast bought a controlling stake in Spectacor from the company's founder, Ed Snider. Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia. Over a... |
57271a2e708984140094d9c2 | Comcast's purchase of Spectator gave them what sports teams in Philadelphia? | the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 1996, Comcast bought a controlling stake in Spectacor from the company's founder, Ed Snider. Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia. Over a... |
57271a2e708984140094d9c3 | What was the original name of NBCSN? | Outdoor Life Network | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 1996, Comcast bought a controlling stake in Spectacor from the company's founder, Ed Snider. Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia. Over a... |
57271a2e708984140094d9c4 | What was the second name NBCSN was known as? | Versus | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 1996, Comcast bought a controlling stake in Spectacor from the company's founder, Ed Snider. Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia. Over a... |
57271a2e708984140094d9c5 | Comcast bought naming rights for what college's basketball arena? | the University of Maryland | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 1996, Comcast bought a controlling stake in Spectacor from the company's founder, Ed Snider. Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia. Over a... |
57271b17708984140094d9d5 | What organization rated Comcast's customer service the worst in the country in 2004 and 2007? | American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of com... |
57271b17708984140094d9d6 | Comcast's customer service was rated worse than what government organization? | the Internal Revenue Service | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of com... |
57271b17708984140094d9d7 | When did the ACSI begin doing customer satisfaction surveys? | 2001 | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of com... |
57271b17708984140094d9d8 | When Comcast's customer service rating fell 7%, what happened to its revenues? | increased by 12% | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of com... |
57271b17708984140094d9d9 | What prime factor did the ACSI use to explain this anomaly? | most cable companies have little competition at the local level | [
"Comcast\n\nIn 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of com... |
57271bf2dd62a815002e9916 | What organization gave Comcast an "F" rating in 2010? | Corporate Library | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast was given an \"F\" for its corporate governance practices in 2010, by Corporate Library, an independent shareholder-research organization. According to Corporate Library, Comcast's board of directors ability to oversee and control management was severely compromised (at least in 2010) by the fac... |
57271bf2dd62a815002e9917 | In issuing the grade, the Corporate Library found that a third of Comcast's board was how old? | over 70 years of age | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast was given an \"F\" for its corporate governance practices in 2010, by Corporate Library, an independent shareholder-research organization. According to Corporate Library, Comcast's board of directors ability to oversee and control management was severely compromised (at least in 2010) by the fac... |
57271bf2dd62a815002e9918 | How much did Comcast pay for flights of its company jet in 2010? | $40 million | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast was given an \"F\" for its corporate governance practices in 2010, by Corporate Library, an independent shareholder-research organization. According to Corporate Library, Comcast's board of directors ability to oversee and control management was severely compromised (at least in 2010) by the fac... |
57271bf2dd62a815002e9919 | What conflict did Corporate Library note with Comcast's Board? | several of the directors either worked for the company or had business ties to it | [
"Comcast\n\nComcast was given an \"F\" for its corporate governance practices in 2010, by Corporate Library, an independent shareholder-research organization. According to Corporate Library, Comcast's board of directors ability to oversee and control management was severely compromised (at least in 2010) by the fac... |
57271d57708984140094d9f1 | What name was listed on Comcast customer Ricardo Brown's invoice in January, 2015? | "Asshole Brown" | [
"Comcast\n\nIn January 2015, a customer named Ricardo Brown received a bill from Comcast with his name changed to \"Asshole Brown\". Brown's wife, Lisa, believed a Comcast employee changed the name in response to the Browns' request to cancel their cable service, an incident in which she was refused a cancellation ... |
57271d57708984140094d9f2 | What consumer advocate took over the Brown's case? | Christopher Elliott | [
"Comcast\n\nIn January 2015, a customer named Ricardo Brown received a bill from Comcast with his name changed to \"Asshole Brown\". Brown's wife, Lisa, believed a Comcast employee changed the name in response to the Browns' request to cancel their cable service, an incident in which she was refused a cancellation ... |
57271d57708984140094d9f3 | What was the amount of disputed money that Comcast eventually returned to the Browns? | $60 | [
"Comcast\n\nIn January 2015, a customer named Ricardo Brown received a bill from Comcast with his name changed to \"Asshole Brown\". Brown's wife, Lisa, believed a Comcast employee changed the name in response to the Browns' request to cancel their cable service, an incident in which she was refused a cancellation ... |
57271d57708984140094d9f4 | Comcast eventually refunded how much service time to the Browns? | two years | [
"Comcast\n\nIn January 2015, a customer named Ricardo Brown received a bill from Comcast with his name changed to \"Asshole Brown\". Brown's wife, Lisa, believed a Comcast employee changed the name in response to the Browns' request to cancel their cable service, an incident in which she was refused a cancellation ... |
57271d57708984140094d9f5 | Comcast also told the Browns they would do what to correct the situation with the name change? | promise to track down and fire the responsible employee | [
"Comcast\n\nIn January 2015, a customer named Ricardo Brown received a bill from Comcast with his name changed to \"Asshole Brown\". Brown's wife, Lisa, believed a Comcast employee changed the name in response to the Browns' request to cancel their cable service, an incident in which she was refused a cancellation ... |
572709795951b619008f850d | What bacterium causes tuberculosis infection? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections prog... |
572709795951b619008f850e | What primary body part is affected by tuberculosis? | lungs | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections prog... |
572709795951b619008f850f | Roughly, what percentage of latent tuberculosis infections result in active tuberculosis? | 10% | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections prog... |
572709795951b619008f8510 | What name has been used to refer to tuberculosis because of associated weight loss? | consumption | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections prog... |
572709795951b619008f8511 | Along with cough, weight loss, and night sweats, what's the fourth classic symptom of the disease? | fever | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections prog... |
57270b235951b619008f8521 | How much of the entire population of the planet is estimated to be carrying tuberculosis? | One-third | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nOne-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new c... |
57270b235951b619008f8522 | How many cases of tuberculosis were active over the course of 2014? | 9.6 million | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nOne-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new c... |
57270b235951b619008f8523 | In 2014, how many people died from TB? | 1.5 million | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nOne-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new c... |
57270b235951b619008f8524 | Does the majority of fatalities from TB occur in developing countries or industrialized nations? | developing countries | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nOne-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new c... |
57270b235951b619008f8525 | Has TB infection increased or decreased worldwide since the start of the 21st century? | decreased | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nOne-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new c... |
57270d33dd62a815002e985a | Which lobes of the lungs are more often affected by TB? | upper lung lobes | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIf a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain \"asymptomatic\"). Occasionally, people may cough up b... |
57270d33dd62a815002e985b | What symptom will result if TB infection causes a Rasmussen's aneurysm? | massive bleeding | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIf a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain \"asymptomatic\"). Occasionally, people may cough up b... |
57270d33dd62a815002e985c | What percentage of tuberculosis infections don't ever manifest in symptoms of the disease? | 25% | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIf a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain \"asymptomatic\"). Occasionally, people may cough up b... |
57270d33dd62a815002e985d | If TB becomes chronic, what lasting effect might it have on the lung's upper lobes? | scarring | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIf a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain \"asymptomatic\"). Occasionally, people may cough up b... |
57270d33dd62a815002e985e | Approximately what percentage of active TB cases affect the lungs? | 90% | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIf a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain \"asymptomatic\"). Occasionally, people may cough up b... |
57270f27708984140094d929 | What's the medical term for TB when it spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body? | extrapulmonary tuberculosis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as \"extrapulmonary tuberculosis\". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of... |
57270f27708984140094d92a | At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection? | 50% | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as \"extrapulmonary tuberculosis\". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of... |
57270f27708984140094d92b | Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB? | young children | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as \"extrapulmonary tuberculosis\". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of... |
57270f27708984140094d92c | If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called? | tuberculous meningitis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as \"extrapulmonary tuberculosis\". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of... |
57270f27708984140094d92d | What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"? | miliary tuberculosis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as \"extrapulmonary tuberculosis\". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of... |
57271144f1498d1400e8f300 | The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule? | lipid | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually di... |
57271144f1498d1400e8f301 | Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria? | slow | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually di... |
57271144f1498d1400e8f302 | In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow? | a host organism | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually di... |
57271144f1498d1400e8f303 | How long is the period between division of MTB cells? | 16 to 20 hours | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually di... |
57271144f1498d1400e8f304 | How much time does it take most bacteria to divide? | less than an hour | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually di... |
5727629fdd62a815002e9bea | What's another word for "sputum"? | phlegm | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nUsing histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called \"sputum\"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techn... |
5727629fdd62a815002e9beb | One of the two standard acid-fast staining techniques is the Kinyoun stain; what's the other? | Ziehl–Neelsen stain | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nUsing histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called \"sputum\"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techn... |
5727629fdd62a815002e9bec | What color will acid-fast bacilli become when stained? | bright red | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nUsing histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called \"sputum\"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techn... |
5727629fdd62a815002e9bed | What's the term for bacillus that can be exposed to acidic solutions without losing their stains? | acid-fast | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nUsing histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called \"sputum\"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techn... |
5727629fdd62a815002e9bee | If a scientist didn't want to use an acid-fast staining technique, what type of microscopy could they use instead? | fluorescence | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nUsing histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called \"sputum\"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techn... |
572764c9f1498d1400e8f754 | Which mycobacterium that causes TB can often be found in unpasteurized milk? | M. bovis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introductio... |
572764c9f1498d1400e8f755 | Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa? | M. canetti | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introductio... |
572764c9f1498d1400e8f756 | Which of the four TB-causing bacteria do scientists think might be more common than we know? | M. microti | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introductio... |
572764c9f1498d1400e8f757 | What bacterium has the name of the country it affects most in its name? | M. africanum | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introductio... |
5727691df1498d1400e8f78a | If you're around someone with active TB, what's the chance you'll contract it expressed as a percentage? | 22% | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nPeople with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only peopl... |
5727691df1498d1400e8f78b | Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year? | 10–15 | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nPeople with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only peopl... |
5727691df1498d1400e8f78c | About how long will a TB patient receiving effective treatment stay contagious? | two weeks | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nPeople with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only peopl... |
5727691df1498d1400e8f78d | If you contracted tuberculosis today, what's the estimated gestation period before you could spread the infection to others? | three to four weeks | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nPeople with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only peopl... |
5727691df1498d1400e8f78e | What term is interchangeable with "active" when talking about tuberculosis infection? | overt | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nPeople with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only peopl... |
57276d92708984140094dd47 | What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection? | pulmonary alveoli | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macropha... |
57276d92708984140094dd48 | What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium? | phagocytosis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macropha... |
57276d92708984140094dd49 | What do you get when you combine a lysosome and a phagosome? | a phagolysosome | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macropha... |
57276d92708984140094dd4a | What does the M. tuberculosis bacterium have that protects it from being affected by toxins? | mycolic acid capsule | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macropha... |
57276d92708984140094dd4b | What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis? | phagosome | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macropha... |
5727713d708984140094dda9 | What two-word phrase is used for the main part of the lungs infected by TB? | Ghon focus | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the \"Ghon focus\", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typicall... |
5727713d708984140094ddaa | If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus? | Simon focus | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the \"Ghon focus\", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typicall... |
5727713d708984140094ddab | In what general area of the lungs is SImon focus usually located? | the top | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the \"Ghon focus\", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typicall... |
5727713d708984140094ddac | What is the term that describes a blood-borne infection, like TB when it travels through the blood to the kidneys or brain? | hematogenous | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the \"Ghon focus\", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typicall... |
5727713d708984140094ddad | Four areas of the body are usually safe from TB infection, including skeletal muscles, heart, and thyroid; what's the fourth? | pancreas | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the \"Ghon focus\", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typicall... |
572773e9f1498d1400e8f882 | What specific type of disease is TB? | granulomatous inflammatory | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to ... |
572773e9f1498d1400e8f883 | What type of cells gather around infected macrophages in a person infected with TB? | lymphocytes | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to ... |
572773e9f1498d1400e8f884 | What type of cell forms when macrophages clump together trying to kill off the TB infection? | multinucleated | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to ... |
572773e9f1498d1400e8f885 | What's the technical term for abnormal cell death? | necrosis | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to ... |
572773e9f1498d1400e8f886 | What natural defensive response is hindered by cells in granulomas that can't send antigen to lymphocytes? | immune response | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nTuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to ... |
57277506708984140094de19 | What process replaces tissue damaged by TB? | scarring | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi... |
57277506708984140094de1a | What material can sometimes be expelled by coughing if the cavities it's stored in connect to bronchi? | caseous necrotic material | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi... |
57277506708984140094de1b | What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis? | antibiotics | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi... |
57277506708984140094de1c | Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead? | living | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIn many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi... |
572777ca708984140094de67 | Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone? | difficult | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nDiagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray ... |
572777ca708984140094de68 | If a patient has some symptoms associated with TB, after what time period should tuberculosis be diagnostically considered? | two weeks | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nDiagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray ... |
572777ca708984140094de69 | What part of the body would be X-rayed to check for TB? | chest | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nDiagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray ... |
572777ca708984140094de6a | What sign of TB infection would a lab be looking for in a sputum culture? | acid-fast bacilli | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nDiagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray ... |
572777ca708984140094de6b | Along with interferon-y release essays, what other tests aren't useful in TB diagnosis in developing countries? | tuberculin skin tests | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nDiagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray ... |
57277a72f1498d1400e8f936 | What result might someone who has received a TB vaccination get from the Mantoux test? | false-positive | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. I... |
57277a72f1498d1400e8f937 | What does "IGRAs" stand for? | Interferon gamma release assays | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. I... |
57277a72f1498d1400e8f938 | In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity? | increase | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. I... |
57277a72f1498d1400e8f939 | Which test has fewer false positives: IGRAs or the Mantoux skin test? | IGRAs | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. I... |
57277a72f1498d1400e8f93a | What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs? | blood | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nThe Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. I... |
57277c575951b619008f8b13 | For about how long does full immunity from the TB vaccine last? | ten years | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIt is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk... |
57277c575951b619008f8b14 | What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine? | 90% | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIt is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk... |
57277c575951b619008f8b15 | Is TB common or uncommon in the United States? | uncommon | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIt is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk... |
57277c575951b619008f8b16 | In addition to the U.S. and Canada, what European country sees very few tuberculosis infections? | the United Kingdom | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIt is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk... |
57277c575951b619008f8b17 | What segment of the population gets the TB vaccine in countries like Canada with a very low incidence of infection? | high risk | [
"Tuberculosis\n\nIt is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk... |
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