id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
57277a72708984140094deb3 | What party did Gorbachev belong to? | Communist Party | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThis liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union. It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn incr... |
57277a72708984140094deb4 | What was the name of the legislative body that was brought into existance in 1989? | Congress of People's Deputies | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThis liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union. It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn incr... |
57277a72708984140094deb5 | When were opposition parties first allowed in the Soviet Union? | 1990 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThis liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union. It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn incr... |
57277b69dd62a815002e9e28 | When was Gorbachev's speech addressing alcohol abuse? | May 1985 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction o... |
57277b69dd62a815002e9e29 | Other than increasing pricing what was another measure that was introduced to decrease alcohol consumption? | rationing | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction o... |
57277b69dd62a815002e9e2a | What was censored? | drinking scenes from old movies | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction o... |
57277b69dd62a815002e9e2b | Whose anti-alcohol program did Gorbachev's remind people of? | Tsar Nicholas II | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction o... |
57277b69dd62a815002e9e2c | When did Tsar Nicholas II ban alcohol? | during World War I, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction o... |
57277c5ef1498d1400e8f976 | When did Eduard Shevardnadze gain full membership in the Politburo? | July 1, 1985 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged a... |
57277c5ef1498d1400e8f977 | Who was responsible for Shevardnadze's membership? | Gorbachev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged a... |
57277c5ef1498d1400e8f978 | Who was minister of foreign affairs prior to Shevardnadze? | Andrei Gromyko | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged a... |
57277c5ef1498d1400e8f979 | What was Gromyko's western nickname? | "Mr Nyet" | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged a... |
57277c5ef1498d1400e8f97a | Which person did Gorbachev kick out of the Politburo on the first of July? | Grigory Romanov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged a... |
572786a8708984140094dff5 | Who became Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1985? | Nikolai Ryzhkov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Taly... |
572786a8708984140094dff6 | Who was Chairman of the Council of Ministers prior to Ryzhkov? | Nikolai Tikhonov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Taly... |
572786a8708984140094dff7 | How old was Tikhonov when he stopped being Chairman? | 79-year-old | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Taly... |
572786a8708984140094dff8 | What is an analogous office to Chairman of the Council of Ministers? | chairman of the State Planning Committee | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Taly... |
572786a8708984140094dff9 | Who was the new chairman of the State Planning Committee in 1985? | Nikolai Talyzin | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Taly... |
57278722dd62a815002e9f90 | Who created the CTAG? | Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of t... |
57278722dd62a815002e9f91 | What group was the first to oppose the Soviet government publicly? | Helsinki-86 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of t... |
57278722dd62a815002e9f92 | What party was Helsinki-86 in disagreement with? | Communist | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of t... |
57278815f1498d1400e8fb16 | What is the English translation of the word Jeltoqsan? | December | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe \"Jeltoqsan\" (Kazakh for \"December\") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from t... |
57278815f1498d1400e8fb17 | Who was fired by Gorbachev causing riots? | Dinmukhamed Konayev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe \"Jeltoqsan\" (Kazakh for \"December\") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from t... |
57278815f1498d1400e8fb18 | What position did Konayev hold in Kazakhstan prior to his removal? | First Secretary of the Communist Party | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe \"Jeltoqsan\" (Kazakh for \"December\") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from t... |
57278815f1498d1400e8fb19 | Who took the place of Konayev? | Gennady Kolbin | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe \"Jeltoqsan\" (Kazakh for \"December\") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from t... |
57278815f1498d1400e8fb1a | When were the first demonstrations in Kazakhstan to protest the removal and replacement of Konayev? | December 17, 1986 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe \"Jeltoqsan\" (Kazakh for \"December\") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from t... |
5727891b708984140094e031 | Who was demonstrating? | Kazakh students | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller prot... |
5727891b708984140094e032 | How many people were estimated by authorities to have attended the riots? | 3,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller prot... |
5727891b708984140094e033 | What were the attendance estimates from non governmental groups? | 30,000 to 40,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller prot... |
5727891b708984140094e034 | How did the Kazakh SSR government say the two protesters were killed? | blows to the head | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller prot... |
5727891b708984140094e035 | Who wrote about the KGB officer's testimony? | Mukhtar Shakhanov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller prot... |
57278b875951b619008f8d01 | Whose support did Gorbachev seek in order to increase liberties? | the people's | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, th... |
57278b875951b619008f8d02 | What party was Gorbachev in charge of? | Communist | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, th... |
57278b875951b619008f8d03 | What group wanted to stop reforms? | "conservatives." | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, th... |
57278c7b5951b619008f8d21 | When were the prisoners set free? | February 7, 1987, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's \"thaw\" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstra... |
57278c7b5951b619008f8d22 | What sort of prisoners were released? | political | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's \"thaw\" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstra... |
57278c7b5951b619008f8d23 | Who demonstrated close to the Kremlin in July of 1978? | Crimean Tatars | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's \"thaw\" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstra... |
57278c7b5951b619008f8d24 | Prior to 1987 when was the last large release of prisoners? | mid-1950s. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's \"thaw\" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstra... |
57278c7b5951b619008f8d25 | Who released the prisoners in the 1950s? | Khrushchev's | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's \"thaw\" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstra... |
572790d55951b619008f8dad | Who disagreed vocally about the demonstrations being permitted? | Yegor Ligachev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one h... |
572790d55951b619008f8dae | Who resigned in September of 1987? | Boris Yeltsin | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one h... |
572790d55951b619008f8daf | What was Gorbachev's reaction to Yeltsin's resignation? | stunned | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one h... |
572790d55951b619008f8db0 | What did Yeltsin dislike about the reforms? | slow pace | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one h... |
572790d55951b619008f8db1 | Who took Yeltsin's side? | No one | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one h... |
572791e9dd62a815002ea0a8 | Where did the demonstrators meet in June of 1987? | Freedom Monument | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an e... |
572791e9dd62a815002ea0a9 | Where is Freedom Monument? | Riga | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an e... |
572791e9dd62a815002ea0aa | What did the protesters do? | laid flowers | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an e... |
572791e9dd62a815002ea0ab | Who were the protesters remembering? | Latvians | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an e... |
572791e9dd62a815002ea0ac | Where did further protests take place? | Baltic States | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an e... |
572792e6dd62a815002ea0d0 | What was being protested in Estonia? | new phosphate mines | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up wit... |
572792e6dd62a815002ea0d1 | When did the phosphate mine protests begin? | spring 1987 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up wit... |
572792e6dd62a815002ea0d2 | What group was started by ex-political prisoners? | MRP-AEG group | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up wit... |
572792e6dd62a815002ea0d3 | Who was in charge of the MRP-AEG group? | Tiit Madisson | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up wit... |
572792e6dd62a815002ea0d4 | What was requested for Estonia in the proposal printed by the Edasi newspaper in 1987? | autonomy | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up wit... |
572794d5dd62a815002ea110 | When was the Yerevan demonstration? | October 17, 1987 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once... |
572794d5dd62a815002ea111 | How many people demonstrated? | about 3,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once... |
572794d5dd62a815002ea112 | What was the demonstrators' nationality? | Armenians | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once... |
572794d5dd62a815002ea113 | The protesters were unhappy with the pollution in what body of water? | Lake Sevan | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once... |
572794d5dd62a815002ea114 | Where did the protest march start? | Opera Plaza | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once... |
57279587708984140094e18d | What ws the final day of the 19th Party Conference? | July 1, 1988 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance,... |
57279587708984140094e18e | What did Gorbachev hope to create? | new supreme legislative body | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance,... |
57279587708984140094e18f | What was Gorbachev trying to separate? | party and state | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance,... |
57279587708984140094e190 | What was the proposed legislative body called? | Congress of People's Deputies | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance,... |
57279587708984140094e191 | What was the ideology of Gorbachev's opponents? | conservative | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance,... |
5727965bf1498d1400e8fce4 | Whose laws would take precedence according to the declaration of national sovereignty? | Estonian | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 2, the Popular Front formally launched its political platform at a two-day congress. Väljas attended, gambling that the front could help Estonia become a model of economic and political revival, while moderating separatist and other radical tendencies. On November 16, ... |
5727965bf1498d1400e8fce5 | Who claimed Estonia's national resources? | Estonia's parliament | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 2, the Popular Front formally launched its political platform at a two-day congress. Väljas attended, gambling that the front could help Estonia become a model of economic and political revival, while moderating separatist and other radical tendencies. On November 16, ... |
5727965bf1498d1400e8fce6 | What was the name of the group that made its platform known on October 2? | the Popular Front | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 2, the Popular Front formally launched its political platform at a two-day congress. Väljas attended, gambling that the front could help Estonia become a model of economic and political revival, while moderating separatist and other radical tendencies. On November 16, ... |
572798b8708984140094e1c9 | How many Azerbaijanis died in the Askeran clash? | two | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic... |
572798b8708984140094e1ca | When was the Askeran clash? | February 22, 1988 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic... |
572798b8708984140094e1cb | Who killed the two Azerbaijanis? | Karabakh police. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic... |
572798b8708984140094e1cc | What was triggered by the radio broadcast of the deaths? | Sumgait Pogrom | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic... |
572798b8708984140094e1cd | How many were killed in the ensuing riots? | 32 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic... |
57279998dd62a815002ea1a4 | Who did Gorbachev make First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party in 1988? | Abdulrahman Vezirov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan ... |
57279998dd62a815002ea1a5 | Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov? | Kamran Baghirov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan ... |
57279998dd62a815002ea1a6 | How many soldiers died on September 17? | two | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan ... |
57279998dd62a815002ea1a7 | People of what ethnicity were thrown out of Shusha? | Armenian | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan ... |
57279998dd62a815002ea1a8 | How long did the Lenin Square protest last? | 18 days | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan ... |
57279a47708984140094e1fb | Where were the first demonstrations in Armenia? | Yerevan | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent... |
57279a47708984140094e1fc | What is the capitol of Armenia? | Yerevan | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent... |
57279a47708984140094e1fd | How many people protested on February 23? | 300,000, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent... |
57279a47708984140094e1fe | What sort of strike was called? | transport | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent... |
57279a47708984140094e1ff | What percentage of Armenia's total population protested on February 25? | about a quarter | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent... |
57279dfb2ca10214002d922a | How many protesters died in the airport violence? | one | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Par... |
57279dfb2ca10214002d922b | Who banned the Azerbaijani people from Armenia? | Nationalists | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Par... |
57279dfb2ca10214002d922c | Who had been previously removed from Azerbaijan? | Armenians | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Par... |
57279dfb2ca10214002d922d | Who took charge of Yerevan in November of 1988? | a military commandant | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nGorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Par... |
5727ccf12ca10214002d96b2 | When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating? | February 1988 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nBeginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in ... |
5727ccf12ca10214002d96b3 | Which monument was a popular meeting place? | Stephen the Great Monument | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nBeginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in ... |
5727ccf12ca10214002d96b4 | Where was the Stephen the Great Monument located? | Chişinău | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nBeginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in ... |
5727ccf12ca10214002d96b5 | What did the movement seek to make the official language of Moldova? | Romanian | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nBeginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in ... |
5727ccf12ca10214002d96b6 | What was Moldova's previous name? | Moldavia | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nBeginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in ... |
5727ce414b864d1900163d90 | What group was responsible for the April 25, 1988 protest? | Ukrainian Cultural Club | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like \"Openness and Democracy to the End.\" Between M... |
5727ce414b864d1900163d91 | Where did the march happen? | Kiev's Khreschatyk Street | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like \"Openness and Democracy to the End.\" Between M... |
5727ce414b864d1900163d92 | What did the marchers wish to commemorate? | Chernobyl nuclear disaster, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like \"Openness and Democracy to the End.\" Between M... |
5727ce414b864d1900163d93 | Which group held secret Milleneum of Christianity celebrations? | Ukrainian Catholics | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like \"Openness and Democracy to the End.\" Between M... |
5727ce414b864d1900163d94 | In what city did the Ukrainian Cultural Club have its Millennium celebration? | Kiev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like \"Openness and Democracy to the End.\" Between M... |
5727cf6dff5b5019007d95b0 | How many people attended the Lviv rally? | 50,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate l... |
5727cf6dff5b5019007d95b1 | Where was the dispersal attempt made? | in front of Druzhba Stadium | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate l... |
5727cf6dff5b5019007d95b2 | Who tried to stop the rally? | Authorities | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate l... |
5727cf6dff5b5019007d95b3 | Who led the Millennium celebration in Zarvanytsia? | Pavlo Vasylyk | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate l... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.