id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57282967ff5b5019007d9e51 | Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? | Rafiq Nishonov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were ... |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e52 | Who replaced Nishonov? | Karimov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were ... |
57282a062ca10214002d9fac | Where was the fatal June 19th riots? | Zhanaozen | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shop... |
57282a062ca10214002d9fad | Who were the rioters? | young men | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shop... |
57282a062ca10214002d9fae | What did the rioters try to take over? | police station and a water-supply station | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shop... |
57282a062ca10214002d9faf | How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots? | five | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shop... |
57282a062ca10214002d9fb0 | What was attacked in Mangishlak? | police station | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shop... |
57282af42ca10214002d9fca | Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988? | Armenians and Azerbaijanis | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nEthnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were ki... |
57282af42ca10214002d9fcb | Who was killed in the January 9 riots? | four Soviet soldiers | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nEthnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were ki... |
57282af42ca10214002d9fcc | How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes? | more than 130 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nEthnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were ki... |
57282af42ca10214002d9fcd | What were the January incidents called? | Black January | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nEthnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were ki... |
57282af42ca10214002d9fce | How many Soviet troops occupied Baku? | 26,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nEthnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were ki... |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ff8 | What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections? | Popular Front | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFollowing the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. Th... |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ff9 | How many members were from opposition parties? | 45 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFollowing the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. Th... |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ffa | How many total members were there? | 350 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFollowing the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. Th... |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ffb | Who was elected to be Chairman in May? | Mutalibov | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFollowing the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. Th... |
57282ec23acd2414000df67b | How many miles long was the human chain? | 300 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unificat... |
57282ec23acd2414000df67c | Who organized this chain? | Rukh | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unificat... |
57282ec23acd2414000df67d | What country's independence were the chain members celebrating? | Ukrainian | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unificat... |
57282ec23acd2414000df67e | When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets? | 1946 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unificat... |
57282ec23acd2414000df67f | In 1990 which party had most of the election victories? | the Democratic Bloc | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unificat... |
572838743acd2414000df741 | Who was voted to get their cathedral back in 1990? | Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the ne... |
572838743acd2414000df742 | What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union? | Ukrainian Republican Party | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the ne... |
572838743acd2414000df743 | What was the first day that the new parliament met? | May 15 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the ne... |
572838743acd2414000df744 | Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990? | Metropolitan Mstyslav | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the ne... |
572839322ca10214002da10a | Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July? | Volodymyr Ivashko | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Par... |
572839322ca10214002da10b | How long did it take Parliament to accept Ivashko's resignation? | a week | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Par... |
572839322ca10214002da10c | How many Parliament members voted against the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine? | four | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Par... |
57283abb4b864d19001647ae | Who would succeed Ivashko as the chairman of Parliament? | Leonid Kravchuk | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers \"in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan\" to return to Ukrainian territory... |
57283abb4b864d19001647af | What did Parliament vote to shut down in August? | Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers \"in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan\" to return to Ukrainian territory... |
57283abb4b864d19001647b0 | Where was the August 9 liturgy held? | St. George Cathedral. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers \"in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan\" to return to Ukrainian territory... |
57283abb4b864d19001647b1 | Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held? | 1933 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers \"in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan\" to return to Ukrainian territory... |
57283abb4b864d19001647b2 | How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally? | 40,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers \"in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan\" to return to Ukrainian territory... |
57283b36ff5b5019007d9f9e | Where was the UAOC protest held? | near St. Sophia’s Cathedral | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the \"renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine\". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Or... |
57283b36ff5b5019007d9f9f | Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest? | Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the \"renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine\". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Or... |
57283b36ff5b5019007d9fa0 | What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest? | liturgy | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the \"renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine\". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Or... |
57283caa3acd2414000df77d | What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13? | Vilnius TV Tower | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, t... |
57283caa3acd2414000df77e | Where was the TV Tower located? | Lithuania | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, t... |
57283caa3acd2414000df77f | What were the Soviets hoping to stop? | independence movement | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, t... |
57283caa3acd2414000df780 | How many civilians died in the attack? | Fourteen | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, t... |
57283caa3acd2414000df781 | What was attacked by Russians on July 31? | Lithuanian border post in Medininkai | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, t... |
57283d0e2ca10214002da156 | What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize? | Soviet Union | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFaced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with ... |
57283d0e2ca10214002da157 | What was supposed to be signed on August 20? | New Union Treaty | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFaced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with ... |
57283d0e2ca10214002da158 | Who supported the treaty? | Central Asian republics, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFaced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with ... |
57283d0e2ca10214002da159 | What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed? | Communist Party | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFaced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with ... |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd0 | What did radicals want to change the economy to? | market economy | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nMore radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president ... |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd1 | What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy? | disintegration | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nMore radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president ... |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd2 | What was Yeltsin president of? | the Russian Federation, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nMore radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president ... |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd3 | Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with? | Moscow’s | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nMore radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president ... |
57283e793acd2414000df7ab | Who arrived to protect the White House? | Muscovites | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speec... |
57283e793acd2414000df7ac | Who did the organizers want to arrest? | Yeltsin | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speec... |
57283e793acd2414000df7ad | Where was Yeltsin during the coup? | atop a tank | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speec... |
57283e793acd2414000df7ae | What was Yeltsin doing on the tank? | speech-making | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speec... |
57283e793acd2414000df7af | What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup? | CNN | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speec... |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fe8 | Where was the secret meeting of the leaders? | Belarus | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as... |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fe9 | What was signed at the secret meeting in Balarus? | Belavezha Accords | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as... |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fea | When was the meeting held? | December 8 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as... |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9feb | What was formed to replace the Soviet Union? | the Commonwealth of Independent States | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as... |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fec | What was coming to an end? | the USSR | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as... |
57283f713acd2414000df7b5 | When were the Belavezha Accords ratified? | December 12 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not ... |
57283f713acd2414000df7b6 | Who ratified the Accords? | the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not ... |
57283f713acd2414000df7b7 | Who was recalled? | Russian deputies | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not ... |
57283f713acd2414000df7b8 | Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position? | Gorbachev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not ... |
572840282ca10214002da18a | Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol? | Georgia | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nDoubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which conf... |
572840282ca10214002da18b | How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol? | 11 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nDoubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which conf... |
572840282ca10214002da18c | What did the Protocol establish? | CIS | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nDoubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which conf... |
572840282ca10214002da18d | What was dissolved by the Protocol? | Union | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nDoubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which conf... |
572840282ca10214002da18e | Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans? | CBS | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nDoubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which conf... |
572840c42ca10214002da198 | When did Gorbachev resign? | December 25, 1991 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, ... |
572840c42ca10214002da199 | Who was given control after Gorbachev left? | Yeltsin | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, ... |
572840c42ca10214002da19a | What was Russia's new legal name? | Russian Federation | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, ... |
572840c42ca10214002da19b | What was the Russian Federations previous legal name? | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, ... |
572841874b864d1900164818 | What went down after Gorbachev departed from the Kremlin? | Soviet flag | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the C... |
572841874b864d1900164819 | What replaced the Soviet flag? | Russian tricolor | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the C... |
572841874b864d190016481a | When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit? | December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the C... |
572841874b864d190016481b | What was declared as having ceased to exist? | the Soviet Union | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the C... |
572841874b864d190016481c | What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself? | upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the C... |
5728431b4b864d190016483e | Which country took over the Soviet Union's UN membership? | Russia | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian Presid... |
5728431b4b864d190016483f | What made Russia the successor state to the USSR? | Alma-Ata Protocol | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian Presid... |
5728431b4b864d1900164840 | Who wrote the letter to the UN secretary general informing them that Russia would be replacing the USSR? | Yeltsin | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian Presid... |
5728431b4b864d1900164841 | What was the date on the Yeltsin letter? | December 24, 1991 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian Presid... |
5728431b4b864d1900164842 | When did the UN accept the statement? | December 31, 1991 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian Presid... |
572843344b864d1900164852 | Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November? | Mstyslav | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayows... |
572843344b864d1900164853 | Who gave Mstyslav this title? | Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayows... |
572843344b864d1900164854 | Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev? | Nestor Gayowsky | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayows... |
572843344b864d1900164855 | What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev? | United States | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayows... |
572843344b864d1900164856 | How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin? | 10-year | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayows... |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ea | Who was the person that tried Jesus? | Pontius Pilate | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAccording to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with g... |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7eb | How long was Jesus hung for? | six hours | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAccording to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with g... |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ec | What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross? | Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAccording to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with g... |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ed | What was done to make sure Jesus was dead? | they pierced his side with a spear | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAccording to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with g... |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ee | How many statements did Jesus make on the cross? | seven statements | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAccording to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with g... |
57276ff85951b619008f89df | What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus? | baptism of Jesus | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\... |
57276ff85951b619008f89e0 | Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened? | the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\... |
57276ff85951b619008f89e1 | Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for? | the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\... |
57276ff85951b619008f89e2 | Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established. | Eddy | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\... |
57276ff85951b619008f89e3 | Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent? | James Dunn | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\... |
572770dd5951b619008f89fd | Are all sources of the crucification literary? | almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAlthough almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly accor... |
572770dd5951b619008f89fe | What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen? | the 1968 archeological discovery | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAlthough almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly accor... |
572770dd5951b619008f89ff | Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find? | ben Hagkol | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nAlthough almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly accor... |
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