id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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5727cf6dff5b5019007d95b4 | Who wanted to break up the celebration? | militia | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn June 16, 1988, 6,000 to 8,000 people gathered in Lviv to hear speakers declare no confidence in the local list of delegates to the 19th Communist Party conference, to begin on June 29. On June 21, a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate l... |
5727e149ff5b5019007d9768 | What is the English translation of Zelenyi Svit? | Green World | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit (\"Green World\") and Noosfera, to focus on ... |
5727e149ff5b5019007d9769 | What sort of issues were Zenlenyi Svit and Noosfera concerned with? | ecological | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit (\"Green World\") and Noosfera, to focus on ... |
5727e149ff5b5019007d976a | What sort of organization is Spadschnyna? | cultural heritage | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit (\"Green World\") and Noosfera, to focus on ... |
5727e149ff5b5019007d976b | What did people gather to observe on December 10th? | International Human Rights Day | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit (\"Green World\") and Noosfera, to focus on ... |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b6 | When did The Partyja BDF start? | 1988 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarus... |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b7 | Who found mass graves? | Zianon Pazniak | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarus... |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b8 | What is Pazniak's occupation? | historian | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarus... |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b9 | Where were the graves found? | Kurapaty | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarus... |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98ba | In addition to the police who did the BDF often have conflicts with? | KGB | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarus... |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f70 | What was elected in 1989? | new Congress of People's Deputies | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nSpring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where p... |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f71 | Who was questioned on live TV? | Communist leadership | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nSpring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where p... |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f72 | Where was the Communist government overthrown first? | Warsaw | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nSpring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where p... |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f73 | When did the Berlin Wall get torn down? | 1989 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nSpring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where p... |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f74 | What did Eastern European people want to do with communism? | abandon it | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nSpring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where p... |
5727e58b4b864d1900163f84 | What percentage of people voted on March 26? | 89.8% | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized o... |
5727e58b4b864d1900163f85 | How many constituencies had run-off elections? | 76 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized o... |
5727e58b4b864d1900163f86 | How many CPSU endorsement having candidates lost to independents? | more than 300 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized o... |
57280f144b864d190016435a | Who used the legislative session to debate and criticize? | reformers | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this... |
57280f144b864d190016435b | Who made up the Inter-Regional Deputies Group? | Russian nationalists and liberals. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this... |
57280f144b864d190016435c | When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet? | May 29 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this... |
57280fdc3acd2414000df36d | What did the Communist Party lose on October 25, 1989 with regards to elections? | special seats | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-memb... |
57280fdc3acd2414000df36e | Who voted to get rid of the special seats? | the Supreme Soviet | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-memb... |
57280fdc3acd2414000df36f | When did congress meet to ratify the amendment to remove special election seats? | December 12–25 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-memb... |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c50 | What year did the Prague Spring take place? | 1968 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had v... |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c51 | What happened to Prague and Hungary's attempts at independence? | suppressed by military force | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had v... |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c52 | Under what doctrine was the Soviet Union required to intervene in the Warsaw Pact states? | Brezhnev Doctrine | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had v... |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c53 | Other than being expensive what was wrong with the Brezhnev Doctrine? | oppressive | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had v... |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c54 | What is the nickname for Gorbachev's new doctrine? | Sinatra Doctrine | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had v... |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6c | How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain? | estimated 2 million | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain e... |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6d | How long was the chain? | 600 kilometres | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain e... |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6e | What states did the chain extend over? | Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain e... |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6f | What anniversary did the chain take place on? | 50th anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain e... |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c70 | What part of Europe was split up by the pact? | Eastern | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThe Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain e... |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8a | Who was in charge of Lithuania's Communist Party in 1989 | Algirdas Brazauskas | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional \"leading role\" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, ... |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8b | What party did Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from? | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional \"leading role\" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, ... |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8c | Who was in charge of the loyalist faction? | Mykolas Burokevičius, | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional \"leading role\" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, ... |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8d | What place's control was the Communist Party of Lithuania out from under after the split? | Moscow's | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional \"leading role\" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, ... |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8e | Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party? | Gorbachev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional \"leading role\" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, ... |
572813b63acd2414000df3dd | When was Abulfaz Elchibey elected to Chairman of the Popular Front? | July 16, 1989 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In t... |
572813b63acd2414000df3de | How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th? | 600,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In t... |
572813b63acd2414000df3df | What did the protesters want? | release of political prisoners | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In t... |
572814fa3acd2414000df407 | What did the Popular Front do to Armenian railways? | blockade | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making ... |
572814fa3acd2414000df408 | What shortages were caused by the blockade? | petrol and food | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making ... |
572814fa3acd2414000df409 | How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan? | 85 percent | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making ... |
572814fa3acd2414000df40a | When was the sovereignty law passed? | September 25 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making ... |
572814fa3acd2414000df40b | What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front? | local party offices | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making ... |
572815a13acd2414000df419 | What did the protesters want Georgia to leave? | Soviet Union | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Geor... |
572815a13acd2414000df41a | What did the protesters hope to see become a part of Georgia? | Abkhazia | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Geor... |
572815a13acd2414000df41c | How many people died in the April 9 attack? | 20 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Geor... |
572815a13acd2414000df41d | What happened to Georgian politics as a result of the attack? | radicalized | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Geor... |
572816302ca10214002d9d98 | What is commemorated on January 22 in Ukraine? | Ukrainian Independence Day | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the... |
572816302ca10214002d9d99 | What is a moleben? | religious service | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the... |
572816302ca10214002d9d9a | Where was the moleben held? | in front of St. George's Cathedral. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the... |
572816e43acd2414000df439 | What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February? | election laws | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky,... |
572816e43acd2414000df43a | Who did the protesters want to resign? | Volodymyr Scherbytsky | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky,... |
572816e43acd2414000df43b | What was Scherbytsky's nickname? | the mastodon of stagnation | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky,... |
572816e43acd2414000df43c | Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place? | Gorbachev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky,... |
572816e43acd2414000df43d | How many people attended the service in Lviv? | between 20,000 and 30,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky,... |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d10 | What ideology's victims were being honored by the Memorial Society? | Stalinism | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and t... |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d11 | How many people from the pre-election meeting in Lviv were detained? | nearly 300 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and t... |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d12 | Members of what ideology were more heavily elected to the union Congress of People's Deputies? | conservatives | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and t... |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d13 | How many deputies were elected? | 225 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and t... |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d20 | How many people attended the Lviv pre-election meetings? | 25,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-e... |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d21 | How long did the warning strike last? | one-hour | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-e... |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d22 | Where did the strike take place? | eight local factories and institutions | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-e... |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d23 | Prior to the warning strike when was the last labor strike in Lviv? | 1944 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-e... |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d24 | At what sight was the Bykivnia meeting held? | mass grave | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-e... |
572819323acd2414000df47f | What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to? | plight of their Church. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with ... |
572819323acd2414000df480 | When did the Lviv regional Memorial Society have its first conference? | May 27, 1989 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with ... |
572819323acd2414000df481 | How many people attended the services in western Ukraine? | an estimated 100,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nFrom mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with ... |
572820d23acd2414000df517 | What were the protesters on September 2 demonstrating against? | draft election law | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Commu... |
572820d23acd2414000df518 | How many protesters were there in Lviv? | 50,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Commu... |
572820d23acd2414000df519 | Who was put in charge of the People's Movement of Ukraine? | Ivan Drach | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Commu... |
572820d23acd2414000df51a | Where did the People's Movement hold its founding congress? | Kiev | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Commu... |
572821923acd2414000df531 | How many people demonstrated on October 1? | 10,000 to 15,000 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet \"reunification\" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the si... |
572821923acd2414000df532 | Who attacked the protest? | militia | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet \"reunification\" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the si... |
572821923acd2414000df533 | Where did the attack occur? | in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet \"reunification\" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the si... |
572821923acd2414000df534 | What was happening in the stadium at the time? | concert | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet \"reunification\" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the si... |
572821923acd2414000df535 | Prior to the October 20 synod, when was the last one held in Lviv? | 1930s | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet \"reunification\" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the si... |
572821f52ca10214002d9e9e | How many factories had strikes on October 26? | twenty | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities... |
572821f52ca10214002d9e9f | Where were the strikes? | Lviv | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities... |
572821f52ca10214002d9ea0 | What were the strikes in protest against? | police brutality | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities... |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea4 | What was made Ukraine's official language in 1990? | Ukrainian | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguratio... |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea5 | Who decided Ukraine's official language? | Ukrainian Supreme Soviet | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguratio... |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea6 | For what reason would the Russian be spoken? | communication between ethnic groups | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguratio... |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea7 | Where was the January 2 memorial service? | Demianiv Laz | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguratio... |
572826324b864d19001645aa | When was The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society made official? | mid-November | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the U... |
572826324b864d19001645ab | The three human rights activists reburied November 19th were prisoners where? | Gulag Camp No. 36 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the U... |
572826324b864d19001645ac | Where was Gulag Camp No. 36 located? | Perm in the Ural Mountains | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the U... |
572826324b864d19001645ad | Where were the activists reburied? | Baikove Cemetery. | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the U... |
572826324b864d19001645ae | Who met with Gorbachev on November 22? | Pope John Paul II | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nIn mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the U... |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3a | What did the Belorussians wish to be cleaned up? | Chernobyl disaster site | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-wh... |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3b | Where did the Chernobyl Disaster occur? | Ukraine | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-wh... |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3c | When did the Chernobyl disaster happen? | 1986 | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-wh... |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3d | What symbol did the protesters wear on their arms? | radioactivity symbols | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-wh... |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3e | How was the weather during the protest? | torrential rain | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nOn September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-wh... |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e4e | Who went to the Fergana Valley to restore order? | Soviet troops | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were ... |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e4f | Where is the Fergana Valley located? | southeast of the Uzbek capital | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were ... |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e50 | Who were targeted by the local Uzbeks? | members of the Meskhetian minority | [
"Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\n\nThousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were ... |
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