id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572795755951b619008f8e1f | What is recently considered the type of eclipse that occurred? | lunar | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nColin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar... |
572795755951b619008f8e20 | How long would a lunar eclipse be visible? | thirty minutes | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nColin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar... |
572795755951b619008f8e21 | What person possibly made a mistake while copying text? | a scribe wrongly amending a text | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nColin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar... |
572795755951b619008f8e22 | Which historian says this opinion is indefensible? | David Henige | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nColin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar... |
572795755951b619008f8e23 | What inconsistency would be found in this explanation? | the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nColin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar... |
5727a3762ca10214002d9286 | Who created the account of Jesus? | author of the Mark Gospel | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nModern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken l... |
5727a3762ca10214002d9287 | Who amended the account at a later date? | Luke | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nModern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken l... |
5727a3762ca10214002d9288 | What prompts darkness over the land in old literary works? | the death of kings and other major figures | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nModern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken l... |
5727a3762ca10214002d9289 | What ethnicity are these literary works mostly? | Jewish | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nModern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken l... |
5727a3762ca10214002d928a | Who describes the idea of an eclipse as totally wrong? | Géza Vermes | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nModern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken l... |
5727a3fcff5b5019007d91a4 | Who wrote The Crucifixion of Jesus? | Frederick Zugibe | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies... |
5727a3fcff5b5019007d91a5 | What did Frederick Zugibe study in detail for this book? | the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies... |
5727a3fcff5b5019007d91a6 | How did Zugibe try to prove his theories? | carried out a number of experiments over several years | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies... |
5727a3fcff5b5019007d91a7 | What kind of experiments did Zugibe run? | experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies... |
5727a3fcff5b5019007d91a8 | What specifics were recorded in his experiments? | amount of pull and the corresponding pain | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies... |
5727a4ee3acd2414000de8b7 | What do Christians believe regarding Jesus' death? | instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nChristians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal... |
5727a4ee3acd2414000de8b8 | How are people united with God? | through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nChristians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal... |
5727a4ee3acd2414000de8b9 | What specific fact do Christians believe about death? | eternal life in heaven after the body’s death | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nChristians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal... |
5727a4ee3acd2414000de8ba | Jesus's Resurrection fills believer with what? | confidence of eternal life | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nChristians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal... |
5727a4ee3acd2414000de8bb | What feeling usually fills a believer regarding the resurrection? | joy | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nChristians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal... |
5727a584ff5b5019007d91e2 | What book details the submission of Jesus to being crucified? | agent Christology | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn Johannine \"agent Christology\" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: \"The... |
5727a584ff5b5019007d91e3 | Why did Jesus accept Crucifixion. | sake of eventual victory | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn Johannine \"agent Christology\" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: \"The... |
5727a584ff5b5019007d91e4 | What theme is central is the Gospel of John in resurrection? | salvific theme | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn Johannine \"agent Christology\" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: \"The... |
5727a584ff5b5019007d91e5 | How is Resurrection detailed in the book of Revelations? | lamb slain but standing | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn Johannine \"agent Christology\" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: \"The... |
5727a584ff5b5019007d91e6 | What is another name for Jesus given? | The Lamb of God | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nIn Johannine \"agent Christology\" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: \"The... |
5727a6e64b864d1900163974 | Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection? | Paul's Christology | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nPaul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term \"the cross of Christ\" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, t... |
5727a6e64b864d1900163975 | How is the crucifixion related to the resurrection per Paul? | directly related | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nPaul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term \"the cross of Christ\" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, t... |
5727a6e64b864d1900163976 | What term does Paul use for the Gospels? | the cross of Christ | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nPaul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term \"the cross of Christ\" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, t... |
5727a6e64b864d1900163977 | Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason? | based on the plan of God | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nPaul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term \"the cross of Christ\" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, t... |
5727a6e64b864d1900163978 | How does Paul view the Resurrection of Jesus? | power of the cross | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nPaul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term \"the cross of Christ\" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, t... |
5727a8684b864d19001639ae | What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done? | successfully argued for his innocence | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJohn Calvin supported the \"agent of God\" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in t... |
5727a8684b864d19001639af | Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion? | obedience to the Father | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJohn Calvin supported the \"agent of God\" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in t... |
5727a8684b864d19001639b0 | The Eastern Church believes what regarding the death and ressurection? | "pre-eternally" determined by the Father | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJohn Calvin supported the \"agent of God\" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in t... |
5727a8684b864d19001639b1 | What did Jesus's death accomplish per the Eastern Church? | redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJohn Calvin supported the \"agent of God\" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in t... |
5727a8684b864d19001639b2 | What is the blood of the lamb? | had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJohn Calvin supported the \"agent of God\" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in t... |
5727a9314b864d19001639c2 | What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support? | how salvation is granted to humanity | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesu... |
5727a9314b864d19001639c3 | How important is Jesus' death to modern theology? | central importance | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesu... |
5727a9314b864d19001639c4 | Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting? | Jesus willingly sacrificed himself | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesu... |
5727a9314b864d19001639c5 | Why did Jesus sacrifice himself? | an act of perfect obedience | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesu... |
5727a9314b864d19001639c6 | What church is the sacrifice important to? | the Roman Catholic church | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nJesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesu... |
5727aa092ca10214002d932e | Who was present under the cross? | Virgin Mary | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence ... |
5727aa092ca10214002d932f | What symbol is popular in Marian Art? | Marian Cross | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence ... |
5727aa092ca10214002d9330 | Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion? | Pope John Paul II | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence ... |
5727aa092ca10214002d9331 | Who painted the Mond Crucifixion. | Raphael | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence ... |
5727aa092ca10214002d9332 | Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"? | Caravaggio | [
"Crucifixion_of_Jesus\n\nThe presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence ... |
5727722af1498d1400e8f858 | What kinds of governed nations may not have a specific, individual high court? | Civil law states | [
"Supreme_court\n\nHowever, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could for... |
5727722af1498d1400e8f859 | What is an example of a highest court not being specifically called a Supreme Court? | the High Court of Australia | [
"Supreme_court\n\nHowever, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could for... |
5727722af1498d1400e8f85a | To which body can decisions made by this specific high court be appealed? | the Privy Council | [
"Supreme_court\n\nHowever, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could for... |
5727722af1498d1400e8f85b | What Canadian courts also are not specifically the highest courts in that country? | the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories | [
"Supreme_court\n\nHowever, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could for... |
5727737f708984140094dddb | Countries with more than one supreme court may divide their primacy by what factors? | different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law | [
"Supreme_court\n\nSome countries have multiple \"supreme courts\" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. In particular, countries with a federal system of government typically[citation needed] have both a federal supreme court (such as... |
5727737f708984140094dddc | What is an example of the highest court in a federal system of government? | the Supreme Court of the United States | [
"Supreme_court\n\nSome countries have multiple \"supreme courts\" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. In particular, countries with a federal system of government typically[citation needed] have both a federal supreme court (such as... |
5727737f708984140094dddd | What are some countries that have a separate supreme court to decide constitutional matters? | Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa | [
"Supreme_court\n\nSome countries have multiple \"supreme courts\" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. In particular, countries with a federal system of government typically[citation needed] have both a federal supreme court (such as... |
5727737f708984140094ddde | A court system with a hierarchy of different administrative courts occurs in what kind of legal system? | a civil law system | [
"Supreme_court\n\nSome countries have multiple \"supreme courts\" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. In particular, countries with a federal system of government typically[citation needed] have both a federal supreme court (such as... |
57277532dd62a815002e9d46 | What term describes a system where the supreme court's decisions are binding over the lower courts? | stare decisis | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions th... |
57277532dd62a815002e9d47 | What jurisdictions does this system not apply to? | civil law jurisdictions | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions th... |
57277532dd62a815002e9d48 | In a civil law jurisdiction, rulings by a supreme court are only binding for which decisions? | the immediate case before it | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions th... |
57277532dd62a815002e9d49 | Even in civil law jurisdictions, decisions by supreme courts establish what? | a very strong precedent | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions th... |
57277532dd62a815002e9d4a | What is the legal term for the precedence established by multiple court rulings? | jurisprudence constante | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn jurisdictions using a common law system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies, whereby the principles applied by the supreme court in its decisions are binding upon all lower courts; this is intended to apply a uniform interpretation and implementation of the law. In civil law jurisdictions th... |
5727785fdd62a815002e9dc0 | When was Canada's Supreme Court first established? | 1875 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and terri... |
5727785fdd62a815002e9dc1 | Canada's Supreme Court didn't actually become that country's highest court until when? | 1949 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and terri... |
5727785fdd62a815002e9dc2 | If a provincial case is appealed, how is the Supreme Court's decision applied? | The court's decisions are final and binding | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and terri... |
5727785fdd62a815002e9dc3 | Before 1949, Supreme Court decisions in Canada could be appealed to what body? | the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Canada, the Supreme Court of Canada was established in 1875 but only became the highest court in the country in 1949 when the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was abolished. This court hears appeals of decisions made by courts of appeal from the provinces and terri... |
57277a57f1498d1400e8f92c | When did Britain formally surrender sovreignty over Hong Kong? | 1997 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of th... |
57277a57f1498d1400e8f92d | When Hong Kong was a colony of Great Britain, which body was the highest court of appeal? | the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of th... |
57277a57f1498d1400e8f92e | Where is the JCPC located? | London, United Kingdom | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of th... |
57277a57f1498d1400e8f92f | When was the Court of Final Appeal established? | 1997 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of th... |
57277a57f1498d1400e8f930 | The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is seated in what city? | Beijing | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of th... |
57277b8ddd62a815002e9e32 | On what date was India's Supreme Court established? | January 28, 1950 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ult... |
57277b8ddd62a815002e9e33 | What article of India's Constitution makes decisions by their Supreme Court binding on lower courts? | Article 141 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ult... |
57277b8ddd62a815002e9e34 | India's Supreme Court has ultimate power to determine interpretations of what? | the Constitution | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ult... |
57277b8ddd62a815002e9e35 | When the Supreme Court ensures that lower courts have properly applied the law it is called what? | judicial review | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ult... |
57277b8ddd62a815002e9e36 | In addition to national laws, India's Supreme Court may also interpret what regulations? | local bylaws | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIn India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ult... |
57278245f1498d1400e8fa2c | What is the highest ranking court in Ireland? | The Supreme Court | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to in... |
57278245f1498d1400e8fa2d | Ireland's highest court has the power to determine whether laws are allowed by what document? | the constitution | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to in... |
57278245f1498d1400e8fa2e | Who is the highest judge in Ireland's Supreme Court? | the Chief Justice | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to in... |
57278245f1498d1400e8fa2f | Besides chief justice, how many other judges sit on Ireland's Supreme Court? | seven other judges | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to in... |
57278245f1498d1400e8fa30 | Where is Ireland's Supreme Court seated? | the Four Courts in Dublin | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to in... |
5727846af1498d1400e8fa6a | Where is Israel's Supreme Court located? | Jerusalem | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIsrael's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itse... |
5727846af1498d1400e8fa6b | Israel's Supreme Court fulfills what two major functions? | both an appellate court and the high court of justice | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIsrael's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itse... |
5727846af1498d1400e8fa6c | Israel's legislative body is called what? | the Knesset | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIsrael's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itse... |
5727846af1498d1400e8fa6d | Israel's Supreme court has uses what internal method to review its own decisions? | a panel of three or more justices | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIsrael's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itse... |
5727846af1498d1400e8fa6e | A retrial is also called what? | "trial de novo" | [
"Supreme_court\n\nIsrael's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itse... |
57278778f1498d1400e8fafc | When did New Zealand's Supreme Court come into being? | 2004 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Co... |
57278778f1498d1400e8fafd | What is the role of New Zealand's highest court? | purely appellate | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Co... |
57278778f1498d1400e8fafe | What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court? | Court of Appeal of New Zealand | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Co... |
57278778f1498d1400e8faff | New Zealand's second ranking court is known as what? | the High Court | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Co... |
57278778f1498d1400e8fb00 | Local decisions by what judicial body may remain within the jurisdiction of local courts? | the District Court | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Co... |
572788535951b619008f8c8f | What are some of the territories within Pakistan? | FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) | [
"Supreme_court\n\nWith respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ... |
572788535951b619008f8c90 | What type of cases may Pakistan's Supreme Court hear from FATA? | appeals only of a constitutional nature | [
"Supreme_court\n\nWith respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ... |
572788535951b619008f8c91 | What Pakistani territory's own courts retain supremacy? | Azad Kashmir | [
"Supreme_court\n\nWith respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ... |
572788535951b619008f8c92 | What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir? | does not apply to it | [
"Supreme_court\n\nWith respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ... |
5727897ff1498d1400e8fb34 | The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom holds Supremacy in what jurisdictions? | England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Cons... |
5727897ff1498d1400e8fb35 | What is the high court in Scotland that has supremacy on criminal matters? | the High Court of Justiciary | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Cons... |
5727897ff1498d1400e8fb36 | What legislation established the Supremacy of the Supreme Court of the UK? | Constitutional Reform Act 2005 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Cons... |
5727897ff1498d1400e8fb37 | When did this act go into affect? | 1 October 2009 | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Cons... |
5727897ff1498d1400e8fb38 | What body previously had judicial supremacy in the UK prior to this? | House of Lords | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Cons... |
57278aac708984140094e057 | What may cause some confusion in the US regarding state supreme courts? | titles of state supreme court vary | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by m... |
57278aac708984140094e058 | The Court of Appeals is the high court in which US States or territories? | New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by m... |
57278aac708984140094e059 | What is West Virginia's highest court called? | Supreme Court of Appeals | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by m... |
57278aac708984140094e05a | What state's supreme court is the oldest appellate court body in the western hemisphere? | Massachusetts | [
"Supreme_court\n\nThe titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by m... |
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