id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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5727a1a43acd2414000de85d | How did the 1990 release of 78 rpm effect Rhino Records? | bad reputation | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn the 1990s Rhino Records issued a series of boxed sets of 78 rpm reissues of early rock and roll hits, intended for owners of vintage jukeboxes. This was a disaster because Rhino did not warn customers that their records were made of vinyl, and that the vintage 78 RPM juke boxes were designe... |
5727a6242ca10214002d92da | What was the playing time of program-transcription discs? | ten minutes playing time per side | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playi... |
5727a6242ca10214002d92db | How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs? | commercial failure | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playi... |
5727a6242ca10214002d92dc | When did RCA Victor release long play discs? | 1931 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playi... |
5727a6242ca10214002d92dd | Who released the first commercial long play discs? | RCA Victor | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playi... |
5727a6242ca10214002d92de | By when were long play records discontinued? | early 1933 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playi... |
5727a8062ca10214002d9308 | What was a benefit of using vinyl over shellac? | lower surface noise | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nVinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of ... |
5727a8062ca10214002d9309 | By the mid 1940s what was the primary material records were made of? | vinyl | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nVinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of ... |
5727a8062ca10214002d930a | What was a factor in shellac availability? | World War II | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nVinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of ... |
5727a8062ca10214002d930b | Which material was more durable, shellac or vinyl? | vinyl | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nVinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of ... |
5727a8062ca10214002d930c | What material were most mailed records made of? | vinyl | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nVinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of ... |
5727a8cf3acd2414000de903 | What caused a delay in the production of high quality records? | World War II | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nBeginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when i... |
5727a8cf3acd2414000de904 | Who released the 12 inch LP? | Columbia Record Company | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nBeginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when i... |
5727a8cf3acd2414000de905 | On what date was the 12 inch LP released? | June 18, 1948 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nBeginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when i... |
5727a8cf3acd2414000de906 | In what city was the 12 in LP released? | New York | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nBeginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when i... |
5727a8cf3acd2414000de907 | How long did it take Columbia to produce a consumer friendly long play record? | about eight years | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nBeginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when i... |
5727ac6aff5b5019007d924e | What did RCA release to complete against Columbia's LP? | The 45 rpm player | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple... |
5727ac6aff5b5019007d924f | What materials were 45 rpm records made of? | vinyl or polystyrene | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple... |
5727ac6aff5b5019007d9250 | What was the play time of a 45 rpm | eight minutes | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple... |
5727ac6aff5b5019007d9251 | What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm? | 7 inches | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple... |
5727ad89ff5b5019007d9260 | Who had made an attempt in the 1920s to release a long play time recording? | World Records | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nOne early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned. At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device. As these were played from the ... |
5727ad89ff5b5019007d9261 | What caused the constant linear velocity? | Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nOne early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned. At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device. As these were played from the ... |
5727ad89ff5b5019007d9262 | What was a unique feature of World Records records? | played from the outside to the inside | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nOne early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned. At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device. As these were played from the ... |
5727ad89ff5b5019007d9263 | What currently utilized item was World Records CLV similar to? | Philips Laser Disc | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nOne early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned. At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device. As these were played from the ... |
5727ae913acd2414000de97f | What gear ration creates 78.26 rpm? | 46:1 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 r... |
5727ae913acd2414000de980 | In what year was 78.26 rpm chosen as standard? | 1925 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 r... |
5727ae913acd2414000de981 | How many rpm did the electrically powered synchronous turanable motor run at? | 3600 rpm | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 r... |
5727ae913acd2414000de982 | Why are these records known as '78s'? | to distinguish them from other newer disc record formats | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nIn 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 r... |
5727b0292ca10214002d93d6 | When did the 45 rpm gain popularity over the 78 rpm | 1950s | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra ... |
5727b0292ca10214002d93d7 | With which crowd did the 45 rpm gain popularity? | teenagers | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra ... |
5727b0292ca10214002d93d8 | At which time were the 79 rpm no longer mass produced? | about 1960 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra ... |
5727b0292ca10214002d93d9 | On which date did Columbia release it's last 78? | November 1, 1954. | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra ... |
5727b0292ca10214002d93da | What was the last country to phase out the 78 rpm? | United Kingdom | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra ... |
5727b186ff5b5019007d92b6 | What percentage of Elvis Presley's single sales were of 78s? | less than 10% | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the \"hillbilly\" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm pla... |
5727b186ff5b5019007d92b7 | What was the last 78 released in the UK by RCA? | A Mess Of Blues/Girl Of My Best Friend | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the \"hillbilly\" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm pla... |
5727b186ff5b5019007d92b8 | Why did Elvis sales of 78s perform so well in the Southern States? | 45 rpm player was a luxury few could afford at the time | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the \"hillbilly\" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm pla... |
5727b186ff5b5019007d92b9 | On which label did Elvis release his early singles? | Sun Records | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the \"hillbilly\" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm pla... |
5727b186ff5b5019007d92ba | What was the last Elvis Presley single released on 78? | I Got Stung/One Night | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the \"hillbilly\" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm pla... |
5727b3ab4b864d1900163ab8 | What two formats replaced the 78? | 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nAfter World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard \"78\": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for \"long-play\") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June ... |
5727b3ab4b864d1900163ab9 | Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm LP? | Columbia Records | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nAfter World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard \"78\": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for \"long-play\") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June ... |
5727b3ab4b864d1900163aba | When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market? | June 1948 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nAfter World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard \"78\": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for \"long-play\") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June ... |
5727b3ab4b864d1900163abb | When did RCA release their 45 rpm format? | March 1949 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nAfter World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard \"78\": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for \"long-play\") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June ... |
5727b3ab4b864d1900163abc | When were RIAA standards established? | mid-1950s | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nAfter World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard \"78\": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for \"long-play\") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June ... |
5727bb282ca10214002d94fc | What was 16 2/3 rpm speed used for? | narrated publications | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome recordings, such as books for the blind, were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm. Prestige Records released jazz records in this format in the late 1950s; for example, two of their Miles Davis albums were paired together in this format. Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, deve... |
5727bb282ca10214002d94fd | Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm speed record? | Peter Goldmark | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome recordings, such as books for the blind, were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm. Prestige Records released jazz records in this format in the late 1950s; for example, two of their Miles Davis albums were paired together in this format. Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, deve... |
5727bb282ca10214002d94fe | What record format was created for use in Chrysler automobiles? | Highway Hi-Fi 16 2⁄3 rpm record | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome recordings, such as books for the blind, were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm. Prestige Records released jazz records in this format in the late 1950s; for example, two of their Miles Davis albums were paired together in this format. Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, deve... |
5727bb282ca10214002d94ff | Why did Chrysler discontinue use of the Hifi 16 2/3 rpm record? | poor performance | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome recordings, such as books for the blind, were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm. Prestige Records released jazz records in this format in the late 1950s; for example, two of their Miles Davis albums were paired together in this format. Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, deve... |
5727bb282ca10214002d9500 | To the end of which era could you find 16 rpm setting on record players? | 1970s | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nSome recordings, such as books for the blind, were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm. Prestige Records released jazz records in this format in the late 1950s; for example, two of their Miles Davis albums were paired together in this format. Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, deve... |
5727bc0b3acd2414000deaed | Which two companies were involved in the "War of the Speeds"? | RCA Victor and Columbia Records | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these... |
5727bc0b3acd2414000deaee | Over which years did the "War of the Speeds" last? | 1948 to 1950 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these... |
5727bc0b3acd2414000deaef | Which company lost the "War of the Speeds"? | RCA | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these... |
5727bc0b3acd2414000deaf0 | What speed ultimantly ended up winning the war of the speeds? | 45 rpm | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these... |
5727bc0b3acd2414000deaf1 | By 1945 what was the total sale of 45s? | 200 million | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these... |
5727bd22ff5b5019007d93dc | What format of LPs was discontinued? | 10-inch | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nEventually the 12-inch (300 mm) 33 1⁄3 rpm LP prevailed as the predominant format for musical albums, and 10-inch LPs were no longer issued. The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP record was an album called Hall of Fame, CL 2600, issued on October 26, 1956... |
5727bd22ff5b5019007d93dd | What was the significance of October 26th, 1956? | The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nEventually the 12-inch (300 mm) 33 1⁄3 rpm LP prevailed as the predominant format for musical albums, and 10-inch LPs were no longer issued. The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP record was an album called Hall of Fame, CL 2600, issued on October 26, 1956... |
5727bd22ff5b5019007d93de | In which country did the 10 in LP exist the longest? | United Kingdom | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nEventually the 12-inch (300 mm) 33 1⁄3 rpm LP prevailed as the predominant format for musical albums, and 10-inch LPs were no longer issued. The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP record was an album called Hall of Fame, CL 2600, issued on October 26, 1956... |
5727bd22ff5b5019007d93df | Which format offered up to 1/2 an hour of recordings per side? | 12-inch LP | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nEventually the 12-inch (300 mm) 33 1⁄3 rpm LP prevailed as the predominant format for musical albums, and 10-inch LPs were no longer issued. The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP record was an album called Hall of Fame, CL 2600, issued on October 26, 1956... |
5727bd22ff5b5019007d93e0 | Did the 45 rpm or 12 inch disc offer longer playing time? | 12-inch LP | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nEventually the 12-inch (300 mm) 33 1⁄3 rpm LP prevailed as the predominant format for musical albums, and 10-inch LPs were no longer issued. The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP record was an album called Hall of Fame, CL 2600, issued on October 26, 1956... |
5727be4c3acd2414000deb31 | What do the initials EP stand for? | extended play | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales ... |
5727be4c3acd2414000deb32 | Why were 45s more popular with jukeboxes? | The large center hole | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales ... |
5727be4c3acd2414000deb33 | What format was phased out by the end of the 1950s? | EPs | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales ... |
5727be4c3acd2414000deb34 | What was a benefit of EPs over LPs? | EP discs were cheaper | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales ... |
5727bf733acd2414000deb61 | What three speeds were sound on most home stereos in the mid 1950's? | 78, 45, 33 1⁄3 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nFrom the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or \"stereo\" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would ... |
5727bf733acd2414000deb62 | What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos? | larger center hole. | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nFrom the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or \"stereo\" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would ... |
5727bf733acd2414000deb63 | What feature was found on more home stereos that allowed continuous play between records? | changer | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nFrom the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or \"stereo\" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would ... |
5727bf733acd2414000deb64 | What format was less common but could sometimes be found on home stereos? | 16 2⁄3 rpm | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nFrom the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or \"stereo\" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would ... |
5727c0a73acd2414000deb97 | Wy did records outside of the US often have small holes with the ability to punch out the center? | for use in jukeboxes | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nRCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a \"spider\". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year duri... |
5727c0a73acd2414000deb98 | What were the plastic inserts which would adapt 45s to the smaller spindle of an LP player called? | spider | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nRCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a \"spider\". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year duri... |
5727c0a73acd2414000deb99 | What invention did Thomas Hutchinson introduce? | spider | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nRCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a \"spider\". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year duri... |
5727c0a73acd2414000deb9a | Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by? | RCA president David Sarnoff | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nRCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a \"spider\". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year duri... |
5727c0a73acd2414000deb9b | How many spiders were sold in the 45 rpm heydays? | tens of millions per year | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nRCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a \"spider\". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year duri... |
5727c39d2ca10214002d95b0 | What term was coined to differentiate better sounding products in the 1920s? | high fidelity | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe term \"high fidelity\" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing \"perfect\" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and... |
5727c39d2ca10214002d95b1 | What magazines provided reviews for audio equipment? | High Fidelity and Audio | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe term \"high fidelity\" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing \"perfect\" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and... |
5727c39d2ca10214002d95b2 | What happened in 1958 that changed the home music scene? | variety of improvements in recording and playback technologies | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe term \"high fidelity\" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing \"perfect\" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and... |
5727c39d2ca10214002d95b3 | During what years did the term HiFi take off with engineers? | 1930s and 1940s | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe term \"high fidelity\" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing \"perfect\" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and... |
5727c39d2ca10214002d95b4 | What term would be used when one said they produced perfect sound reproduction? | high fidelity | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe term \"high fidelity\" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing \"perfect\" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and... |
5727c4faff5b5019007d94c4 | What did Alan Blumlein event? | stereophonic record system | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nStereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately d... |
5727c4faff5b5019007d94c5 | When did EMI create the first stereo discs? | 1933 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nStereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately d... |
5727c4faff5b5019007d94c6 | What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound? | more natural listening experience | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nStereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately d... |
5727c4faff5b5019007d94c7 | What year was stereo sound patented? | 1931 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nStereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately d... |
5727c4faff5b5019007d94c8 | How was the commercial success of stereo sound in the 1930s? | was not exploited commercially until much later. | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nStereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately d... |
5727c5ccff5b5019007d94d4 | What did quadraphonic recording feature? | recorded four separate sound signals. | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971. These recorded four separate sound signals. This was achieved on the two stereo channels by electronic matrixing, where the additional channels were combined into the main signal. When the records were played, phase-detection circu... |
5727c5ccff5b5019007d94d5 | What was the newest break through in home sound systems in 1971? | development of quadraphonic records | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971. These recorded four separate sound signals. This was achieved on the two stereo channels by electronic matrixing, where the additional channels were combined into the main signal. When the records were played, phase-detection circu... |
5727c5ccff5b5019007d94d6 | How would the commercial success of quadraphonic records be defined? | commercially unsuccessful | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971. These recorded four separate sound signals. This was achieved on the two stereo channels by electronic matrixing, where the additional channels were combined into the main signal. When the records were played, phase-detection circu... |
5727c5ccff5b5019007d94d7 | What did developments in quadraphonic recordings inspire? | later surround-sound systems | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThe development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971. These recorded four separate sound signals. This was achieved on the two stereo channels by electronic matrixing, where the additional channels were combined into the main signal. When the records were played, phase-detection circu... |
5727c6c9ff5b5019007d94e0 | What was a major issue with CD-4 technology? | no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nA different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful th... |
5727c6c9ff5b5019007d94e1 | How widespread was the success of CD-4 format? | even less successful than the two matrixed formats | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nA different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful th... |
5727c6c9ff5b5019007d94e2 | What format was less successful than quadraphonic? | CD-4 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nA different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful th... |
5727c6c9ff5b5019007d94e3 | What were potential benefits of the CD-4 format? | reduced distortion and greater headroom | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nA different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful th... |
5727c6c9ff5b5019007d94e4 | Who created the CD-4 format? | RCA | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nA different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful th... |
5727c860ff5b5019007d9532 | For which company did C. Robert Fine work for? | Mercury Records | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnder the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as \"bein... |
5727c860ff5b5019007d9533 | What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film? | prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnder the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as \"bein... |
5727c860ff5b5019007d9534 | Who developed the 3-to-2 mix to create lifelike recordings? | Mercury | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnder the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as \"bein... |
5727c860ff5b5019007d9535 | Which microphone hold the most importance in 3 microphone recording? | The center | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnder the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as \"bein... |
5727c860ff5b5019007d9536 | In which year did Mercury begin 3 channel stereo recording? | 1955 | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nUnder the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as \"bein... |
5727c9d34b864d1900163d1e | What technique were used to reduce inner-groove distortion? | CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThrough the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distor... |
5727c9d34b864d1900163d1f | Who developed the Dynagroove format? | RCA Victor | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThrough the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distor... |
5727c9d34b864d1900163d20 | Why did some music lovers frown upon diaphragming? | unnatural side effects | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThrough the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distor... |
5727c9d34b864d1900163d21 | What did closer groove spacing result in? | Lower recorded volume | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThrough the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distor... |
5727c9d34b864d1900163d22 | What would be found with higher recorded volumes? | wider spacing | [
"Gramophone_record\n\nThrough the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment. These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distor... |
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