id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572a00d23f37b31900478637 | What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons? | Virtual photons | [
"Energy\n\nIn particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are si... |
572a00d23f37b31900478638 | What is responsible for electrostatic interaction between electric charges? | Virtual photons | [
"Energy\n\nIn particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are si... |
572a00d23f37b31900478639 | What results in Coulomb law? | electrostatic interaction between electric charges | [
"Energy\n\nIn particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are si... |
572a016b3f37b3190047863d | What can be considered for the special case of systems which are closed to transfers of matter? | Energy transfer | [
"Energy\n\nEnergy transfer can be considered for the special case of systems which are closed to transfers of matter. The portion of the energy which is transferred by conservative forces over a distance is measured as the work the source system does on the receiving system. The portion of the energy which does not... |
572a016b3f37b3190047863e | The portion of energy which does not do work during the transfer is called what? | heat | [
"Energy\n\nEnergy transfer can be considered for the special case of systems which are closed to transfers of matter. The portion of the energy which is transferred by conservative forces over a distance is measured as the work the source system does on the receiving system. The portion of the energy which does not... |
572a016b3f37b3190047863f | Give one example of how energy can be transferred between systems? | transmission of electromagnetic energy via photons | [
"Energy\n\nEnergy transfer can be considered for the special case of systems which are closed to transfers of matter. The portion of the energy which is transferred by conservative forces over a distance is measured as the work the source system does on the receiving system. The portion of the energy which does not... |
572a01dc1d046914007796c1 | What asserts that energy is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. | first law of thermodynamics | [
"Energy\n\nThe first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system ... |
572a01dc1d046914007796c2 | The first law of thermodynamics asserts that what is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer? | energy | [
"Energy\n\nThe first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system ... |
572a01dc1d046914007796c3 | What is a commonly used corollary of the first law? | for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes | [
"Energy\n\nThe first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system ... |
572a023f1d046914007796c7 | What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy? | entropy | [
"Energy\n\nThis principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy st... |
572a023f1d046914007796c8 | What is entropy? | measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system | [
"Energy\n\nThis principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy st... |
572a023f1d046914007796c9 | What is the mathematical result when an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom? | second law of thermodynamics | [
"Energy\n\nThis principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy st... |
572a054f6aef0514001551b4 | Who defeated the native Prussians during the 13 century? | Teutonic Knights | [
"East_Prussia\n\nEast Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and co... |
572a054f6aef0514001551b5 | The Balts were gradually converted into which religion? | Christianity | [
"East_Prussia\n\nEast Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and co... |
572a054f6aef0514001551b6 | Which ethnic group become dominant following the 13 century just a few hundred years later? | Germans | [
"East_Prussia\n\nEast Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and co... |
572a054f6aef0514001551b7 | What other groups during this period for form minorities? | Poles and Lithuanians | [
"East_Prussia\n\nEast Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and co... |
572a054f6aef0514001551b8 | Around when did the Old Prussian language become extinct? | 17th or early 18th century | [
"East_Prussia\n\nEast Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and co... |
572a14df6aef051400155246 | Why were the prince electors able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia? | Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire | [
"East_Prussia\n\nBecause the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (du... |
572a14df6aef051400155247 | In what year were the prince electors elect them selves as King? | 1701 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nBecause the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (du... |
572a14df6aef051400155248 | What time period did East Prussia and West Prussia join to become Prussia? | Prussia | [
"East_Prussia\n\nBecause the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (du... |
572a17261d0469140077975f | What year did the Kingdom of Prussia become the leading state of the German Empire? | 1871 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest o... |
572a17261d04691400779760 | What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland? | Versailles | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest o... |
572a17261d04691400779761 | What year did the Nazi's fall in World War II? | 1945 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest o... |
572a17261d04691400779763 | How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad? | 300,000 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest o... |
572a1a461d04691400779781 | Which group took possession of Prussia in the 13th century? | Teutonic Knights | [
"East_Prussia\n\nUpon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist po... |
572a1a461d04691400779782 | Which two areas were slowly Germanized during the 13th century? | Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms | [
"East_Prussia\n\nUpon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist po... |
572a1a461d04691400779783 | What did the knights of expansionist polices eventually lead to? | several wars | [
"East_Prussia\n\nUpon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist po... |
572a1a461d04691400779784 | What year was the Second Treaty of Thorn enacted? | 1466 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nUpon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist po... |
572a1ca66aef05140015529e | Who converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order? | Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian H... |
572a1ca66aef05140015529f | In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia? | 1525 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian H... |
572a1ca66aef0514001552a0 | What did Albert establish himself as? | first duke of the Duchy of Prussia | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian H... |
572a1e59af94a219006aa7f7 | In what year did Maximilian III die? | 1618 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish i... |
572a1e59af94a219006aa7f8 | What happened as a result of Maximilian's death? | Albert's line died out | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish i... |
572a1e59af94a219006aa7f9 | Who revoked the King of Poland's sovereignty over Prussia in 1660? | Frederick William | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish i... |
572a206b3f37b3190047870f | Brandenburg was part of what dominating force? | Holy Roman Empire | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, ... |
572a206b3f37b31900478710 | What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under? | Teutonic Order | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, ... |
572a206b3f37b31900478711 | Who elected there self as King of Prussia in 1701? | Frederick III | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, ... |
572a206b3f37b31900478712 | What did the former Duchy of Prussia become known as? | Altpreußen ("Old Prussia") | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, ... |
572a229a3f37b31900478721 | What wiped out one third of East Prussia's population during the early 1700's? | the plague and famine | [
"East_Prussia\n\nApproximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Cr... |
572a229a3f37b31900478722 | What was lost in Prussia's history during the Plague? | speakers of Old Prussian | [
"East_Prussia\n\nApproximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Cr... |
572a229a3f37b31900478723 | What military overran much of East Prussia? | Russian troops | [
"East_Prussia\n\nApproximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Cr... |
572a268f6aef051400155312 | In what year was Royal Prussia annexed? | 1772 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the \"Polish Corridor\" between his Prussi... |
572a268f6aef051400155313 | In what year was the territory of Warmia incorporated? | 31 January 1773 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the \"Polish Corridor\" between his Prussi... |
572a268f6aef051400155314 | What was ratified in 1773 in Prussia? | The Polish Partition Sejm | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the \"Polish Corridor\" between his Prussi... |
572a29476aef05140015532a | What defeat led to Prussia having to swear its allegiance to Napoleon? | Battle of Jena-Auerstedt | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAfter the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian... |
572a29476aef05140015532b | What city did King Frederick William use to flee Prussia? | Königsberg | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAfter the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian... |
572a29476aef05140015532c | What year did Napoleon end of the War of the Fourth Coalition? | 1807 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAfter the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian... |
572a2a906aef051400155330 | Who instigated the Prussian reforms? | Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the... |
572a2a906aef051400155331 | What was included in the reform? | emancipation of the serfs and Jews | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the... |
572a2a906aef051400155332 | In what year was East and West Prussia first united? | 1824 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the... |
572a2a906aef051400155333 | When did East and West Prussia split again? | 1878 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the... |
572a2d163f37b3190047876d | Was the population of the Prussian province in 1900? | 1,996,626 people | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Pruss... |
572a2d163f37b3190047876e | Which religious group made up the majority of the population in Prussia? | Protestants | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Pruss... |
572a2d163f37b3190047876f | Due to Germanization which three groups saw a decrease in Prussia? | Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThe population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Pruss... |
572a2f743f37b31900478787 | Which country invaded east Prussia in World War I? | Russian Empire | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAt the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early ... |
572a2f743f37b31900478788 | Why did the Russian army face such little resistance when moving through Prussia? | German Army had been directed towards the Western Front | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAt the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early ... |
572a2f743f37b31900478789 | In what year did the battle of Tannenberg take place? | 1914 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAt the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early ... |
572a303eaf94a219006aa879 | In what year did Germany become a republic? | 1918 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nWith the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versaille... |
572a303eaf94a219006aa87a | What was implemented that separated East Prussia from Germany? | Treaty of Versailles | [
"East_Prussia\n\nWith the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versaille... |
572a303eaf94a219006aa87b | What was implemented to provide transport to East Prussia? | The Seedienst Ostpreußen | [
"East_Prussia\n\nWith the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versaille... |
572a38ef3f37b319004787dd | Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party? | Erich Koch | [
"East_Prussia\n\nErich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrializa... |
572a38ef3f37b319004787de | What large plans did Koch have? | mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province | [
"East_Prussia\n\nErich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrializa... |
572a38ef3f37b319004787df | What even occurred during the summer of 1932 in Konigsberg? | attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats | [
"East_Prussia\n\nErich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrializa... |
572a38ef3f37b319004787e0 | Who was killed in the attack of the Social Democrats? | Gustav Sauf | [
"East_Prussia\n\nErich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrializa... |
572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ed | How were East Prussians able to pay for land improvements and road construction? | publicly funded emergency relief programs | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThrough publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the \"Erich Koch Plan\" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished ... |
572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ee | What was the name of the initiative to help with the new projects in East Prussia? | Erich Koch Plan | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThrough publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the \"Erich Koch Plan\" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished ... |
572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ef | What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933? | that unemployment had been banished entirely | [
"East_Prussia\n\nThrough publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the \"Erich Koch Plan\" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished ... |
572a3ff73f37b31900478823 | In what year did the Nazi's alter around one-third of the toponyms of the area? | 1938 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500... |
572a3ff73f37b31900478824 | Around how many places were renamed when the Nazis entered Prussia? | 1,500 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500... |
572a3ff73f37b31900478825 | What would happen if some didn't comply with the Nazi's with their demands? | sent to concentration camps | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500... |
572a41513f37b31900478829 | How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939? | 2.49 million | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most Germ... |
572a41513f37b3190047882a | Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German? | 85% | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most Germ... |
572a41513f37b3190047882b | How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939? | 3,000 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most Germ... |
572a41513f37b3190047882c | What happened to those Jews who remained? | deported and killed in the Holocaust. | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most Germ... |
572a441b6aef0514001553ec | In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau annexed? | 1939 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as poss... |
572a441b6aef0514001553ed | What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau? | Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as poss... |
572a441b6aef0514001553ee | Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country? | reunification with Germany | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as poss... |
572a49391d046914007798c5 | What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II? | Poland and the Soviet Union | [
"East_Prussia\n\nFollowing Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia... |
572a49391d046914007798c6 | What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946? | Kaliningrad | [
"East_Prussia\n\nFollowing Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia... |
572a49391d046914007798c7 | What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad? | evacuated during the war | [
"East_Prussia\n\nFollowing Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia... |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d3 | How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945? | 800,000 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nShortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German pop... |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d4 | Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way? | 45 camps | [
"East_Prussia\n\nShortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German pop... |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d5 | How many forced labourers were in the largest camp? | 48,000 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nShortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German pop... |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d6 | What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as? | Wolf children | [
"East_Prussia\n\nShortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German pop... |
572a4b8b1d046914007798db | In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia? | 1945 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nRepresentatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation V... |
572a4b8b1d046914007798dc | How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as? | Germanized Poles | [
"East_Prussia\n\nRepresentatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation V... |
572a4b8b1d046914007798dd | How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia? | 18.5% | [
"East_Prussia\n\nRepresentatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation V... |
572a4c637a1753140016ae82 | What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia? | 1946 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the \"Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast\", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disr... |
572a4c637a1753140016ae83 | In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg? | Mikhail Kalinin | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the \"Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast\", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disr... |
572a4c637a1753140016ae84 | Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone? | 42,094 | [
"East_Prussia\n\nIn April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the \"Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast\", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disr... |
572a4cf51d046914007798e1 | What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia? | expelled by the Soviet Union | [
"East_Prussia\n\nA similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had Germ... |
572a4cf51d046914007798e2 | What did the Russians consider Curonians? | fascists | [
"East_Prussia\n\nA similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had Germ... |
572a4cf51d046914007798e3 | Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958? | West Germany | [
"East_Prussia\n\nA similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had Germ... |
572a4f507a1753140016ae92 | Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area? | ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAfter the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave w... |
572a4f507a1753140016ae93 | In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land? | eliminating all remnants of German history | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAfter the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave w... |
572a4f507a1753140016ae94 | What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area? | names were replaced by new Russian names | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAfter the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave w... |
572a50227a1753140016ae98 | What has since been considered in Kalinigrad? | reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in co... |
572a50227a1753140016ae99 | What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it? | Kaliningrad | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in co... |
572a50227a1753140016ae9a | How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians? | violent and aggressive | [
"East_Prussia\n\nAlthough the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in co... |
572a517b7a1753140016aea6 | What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts? | schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails | [
"East_Prussia\n\nSince 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverb... |
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