id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572a517b7a1753140016aea7 | What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task? | Provinzialverband | [
"East_Prussia\n\nSince 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverb... |
572a517b7a1753140016aea8 | What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets? | elected by the citizens of the provinces | [
"East_Prussia\n\nSince 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverb... |
572a11661d04691400779721 | The Ottoman Empire is also known as what three other names? | Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwes... |
572a11661d04691400779722 | When was the Ottoman empire founded? | 1299 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwes... |
572a11661d04691400779723 | Who founded the Ottoman empire? | Oghuz Turks | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwes... |
572a11661d04691400779724 | Where was the Ottoman empire founded? | northwestern Anatolia | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwes... |
572a11661d04691400779725 | Conquests by who began the transformation of the Ottoman sultanate into an Empire? | Murad I | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwes... |
572a130d6aef05140015523c | Under the reign of who did the Ottoman empire control much of Southeastern Europe? | Suleiman the Magnificent | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the begi... |
572a130d6aef05140015523d | During what centuries was the Ottoman empire in control of much of Southeast Europe? | 16th and 17th centuries | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the begi... |
572a130d6aef05140015523e | How many provinces did the Ottoman empire control at the start of the 17th century? | 32 provinces | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the begi... |
572a130d6aef05140015523f | Along with provinces what type of states did the Ottoman empire have control over? | vassal states | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the begi... |
572a130d6aef051400155240 | What regions of Africa were under control of the Ottoman empire? | North Africa, and the Horn of Africa | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the begi... |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a7 | What was the capital of the Ottoman empire? | Constantinople | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually... |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a8 | What Ottoman empire controlled lands contributed to the centre of transactions between East and West ? | lands around the Mediterranean basin | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually... |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a9 | When did the Ottoman empire decline? | into the late nineteenth century | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually... |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7aa | What nation did the Ottoman empire align with in the 20th century? | Germany | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually... |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7ab | What led to the decline of the Ottoman empire? | military setbacks against European powers | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually... |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b1 | An anglicization of the name Osman I results in what word? | Ottoman | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, ... |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b2 | What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire? | House of Osman | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, ... |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b3 | What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty? | House of Osman | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, ... |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b4 | What is the origin of Osman's name? | Arabic | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, ... |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b5 | In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as? | The Supreme State of the Ottomans | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, ... |
572a15493f37b319004786c9 | Who was the father of Osman I? | Ertuğrul | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nErtuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of i... |
572a15493f37b319004786ca | How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum? | 400 horsemen | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nErtuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of i... |
572a15493f37b319004786cb | When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise? | 14th century | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nErtuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of i... |
572a15493f37b319004786cc | What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as? | Ghazi emirates | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nErtuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of i... |
572a15493f37b319004786cd | To the edge of what empire did Osman I push Turkish settlements? | Byzantine Empire | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nErtuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of i... |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7cf | Which city did Osman's son capture? | Bursa | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantin... |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d0 | In what year did Osman's son capture an Anatolian city? | 1324 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantin... |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d1 | What was the name of the son of Osman that captured an Anatolian city? | Orhan | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantin... |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d2 | What city was captured from the Venetians in 1387? | Thessaloniki | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantin... |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d3 | In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo? | 1389 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantin... |
572a16b56aef051400155256 | What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans? | conquest of Constantinople | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader... |
572a16b56aef051400155257 | What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by? | Byzantine | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader... |
572a16b56aef051400155258 | What leader invaded Anatolia from the east? | Timur | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader... |
572a16b56aef051400155259 | Timur was the founder of what? | Timurid Empire | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader... |
572a16b56aef05140015525a | What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402? | Battle of Ankara | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nWith the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader... |
572a18fc1d04691400779771 | Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s? | Murad II | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nPart of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of... |
572a18fc1d04691400779772 | On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II? | 10 November 1444 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nPart of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of... |
572a18fc1d04691400779773 | Władysław III of Poland was also the king of what? | Hungary | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nPart of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of... |
572a18fc1d04691400779774 | What battle took place on 10 November 1444? | Battle of Varna | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nPart of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of... |
572a18fc1d04691400779775 | In what battle did Murad II leave as the victory in 1448? | Second Battle of Kosovo | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nPart of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of... |
572a19f56aef05140015527a | Who was the son of Murad II? | Mehmed the Conqueror | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western ... |
572a19f56aef05140015527b | What city was conquered on 29 May 1453? | Constantinople | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western ... |
572a19f56aef05140015527c | What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire? | its autonomy and land | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western ... |
572a19f56aef05140015527d | The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what? | Venetian rule | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western ... |
572a19f56aef05140015527e | What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy?? | Albanian resistance | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western ... |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786eb | During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive? | 1520–1566 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nSuleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the te... |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ec | In what year did Suleiman the Magnificent capture Belgrade? | 1521 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nSuleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the te... |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ed | Suleiman the Magnificent had an important victory in what battle in 1526? | Battle of Mohács | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nSuleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the te... |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ee | After a victorious battle in 1526 in what present-day nation was Turkish rule expanded to? | Hungary | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nSuleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the te... |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ef | In what siege was Suleiman the Magnificent stopped when attacking Vienna in 1532? | the Siege of Güns | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nSuleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the te... |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fd | France and the Ottoman Empire united against what? | Habsburg rule | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nFrance and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa... |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fe | Where did the French lay conquest in 1553? | Corsica | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nFrance and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa... |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7ff | The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king? | Francis I | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nFrance and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa... |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa800 | What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice? | Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nFrance and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa... |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa801 | What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547? | Ferdinand | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nFrance and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa... |
572a20e4af94a219006aa80f | Who argues that there was steep decline and stagnation after the death of Suleiman? | Stephen Lee | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, \"a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566.\" Altho... |
572a20e4af94a219006aa810 | In what year did Suleiman die? | 1566 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, \"a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566.\" Altho... |
572a20e4af94a219006aa811 | By what year was it argued that the Ottoman empire was merely "a shadow" of what it was in 1566? | 1699 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, \"a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566.\" Altho... |
572a20e4af94a219006aa812 | Beginning and ending with what years does Lee argue that the rules of the Empire were incompetent? | 1566 to 1703 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, \"a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566.\" Altho... |
572a20e4af94a219006aa813 | What factor caused inflation in the Ottoman empire? | war | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, \"a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566.\" Altho... |
572a22256aef0514001552f8 | Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire? | Sultans | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by ... |
572a22256aef0514001552f9 | Europeans gained on the Ottoman empire in what type of technology? | military technology | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by ... |
572a22256aef0514001552fa | What types of conservative beliefs slowed the expansion of the empire? | religious and intellectual | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by ... |
572a22256aef0514001552fb | What battle took place in 1683? | Battle of Vienna | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by ... |
572a22256aef0514001552fc | The empire ceased its expansion into what area after a battle in 1683? | Europe | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by ... |
572a24703f37b3190047872f | Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what? | new maritime trade routes | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim ... |
572a24703f37b31900478730 | What did the Portuguese discover in 1488? | the Cape of Good Hope | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim ... |
572a24703f37b31900478731 | Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century? | the Indian Ocean | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim ... |
572a24703f37b31900478732 | Who did the Ottomans ally with in the Indian Ocean? | The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim ... |
572a24703f37b31900478733 | New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom? | the Portuguese | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim ... |
572a25973f37b31900478747 | Which Spaniard led a battle in 1571? | Philip II | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invad... |
572a25973f37b31900478748 | What battle did the Spanish win in 1571? | Battle of Lepanto | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invad... |
572a25973f37b31900478749 | What siege occurred in 1565? | Siege of Malta | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invad... |
572a25973f37b3190047874a | In what year did Venice sign a peace treaty with the Ottomans? | 1573 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invad... |
572a25973f37b3190047874b | After signing a peace treaty with Venice, in what region did the Ottoman empire expand? | North Africa | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nIn southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invad... |
572a27803f37b31900478751 | What was the late 16th century war against Habsburg Austria known as? | The Long War | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nBy contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy.... |
572a27803f37b31900478752 | During what years did the Ottoman war against Habsburg Austria occur? | 1593–1606 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nBy contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy.... |
572a27803f37b31900478753 | What were ottoman irregular sharpshooters known as? | Sekban | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nBy contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy.... |
572a27803f37b31900478754 | What was the population of the Ottoman empire at the beginning of the 17th century? | 30 million people | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nBy contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy.... |
572a27803f37b31900478755 | A war occurring from 1603 to 1618 resulted in what treaty? | Treaty of Nasuh Pasha | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nBy contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy.... |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83d | Who recaptured Iraq in 1639? | Murad IV | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined ... |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83e | Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639? | the Safavids | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined ... |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83f | When was Kösem murdered? | 1651 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined ... |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa840 | What years define the Köprülü Era? | 1656–1703 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined ... |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa841 | What territory was conquered by the Köprülü Vizierate in 1669? | Crete | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nDuring his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined ... |
572a29f63f37b3190047875b | Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683? | Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThis period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied H... |
572a29f63f37b3190047875c | What was the war that took place from 1683 to 1687 known as? | the Great Turkish War | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThis period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied H... |
572a29f63f37b3190047875d | Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna? | Jan III Sobieski | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThis period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied H... |
572a29f63f37b3190047875e | What was the alliance against the late 17th century Ottoman empire known as? | the Holy League | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThis period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied H... |
572a29f63f37b3190047875f | What treaty was signed 26 January 1699? | Treaty of Karlowitz | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nThis period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied H... |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa857 | Oltenia is also known as what? | Little Walachia | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nAfter the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and \"Little Walachia\" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russ... |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa858 | The Austro-Turkish war took place over what years? | 1716–1718 | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nAfter the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and \"Little Walachia\" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russ... |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa859 | The Austro Turkish War culminated in the signing of what treaty? | Treaty of Passarowitz | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nAfter the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and \"Little Walachia\" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russ... |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa85a | The Treaty of Belgrade was the result of a war known as what? | Austro-Russian–Turkish War | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nAfter the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and \"Little Walachia\" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russ... |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa85b | What port was lost by the Ottoman empire as a result of the Treaty of Belgrade? | port of Azov | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nAfter the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and \"Little Walachia\" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russ... |
572a2cfc1d04691400779817 | What is one university that was formed in the early 18th century of the empire? | Istanbul Technical University | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nEducational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the g... |
572a2cfc1d04691400779818 | What type of school was established in the empire in 1734? | an artillery school | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nEducational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the g... |
572a2cfc1d04691400779819 | In 1754 what man convinced the Grand Vizier to allow the use of the printing press? | Ibrahim Muteferrika | [
"Ottoman_Empire\n\nEducational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the g... |
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