Split (2)

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id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc3	What languages strongly influenced Czech?	Latin and German	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic...
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc4	Over how many million people speak Czech?	10	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic...
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc6	What vocabulary associated with higher classed culture have been adopted over the years?	loanwords	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic...
572b6d5934ae481900deadf7	What deliberate action has been done to some languages in the name of nationalism?	highlighting of minor linguistic differences	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian i...
572b6d5934ae481900deadf8	What language family is Czech?	Slavic	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian i...
572b6d5934ae481900deadf9	Why did many Slavic languages distance themselves from Russian influences?	resentment against the former Soviet Union	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian i...
572b6d5934ae481900deadfa	When did the Soviet Union occupy Czechoslovakia?	1968	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian i...
572b6d5934ae481900deadfb	What language does Czech form a dialect continuum with?	Slovak	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian i...
572b701cbe1ee31400cb838d	How much do the lexicons of Czech and Slovak differ, according to on study?	by 80 percent	[ "Czech_language\n\nOne study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative cas...
572b701cbe1ee31400cb838e	What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from?	differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation	[ "Czech_language\n\nOne study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative cas...
572b701cbe1ee31400cb838f	When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech?	when changing from the nominative to the locative case	[ "Czech_language\n\nOne study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative cas...
572b701cbe1ee31400cb8390	The most differences between Czech and Slovak can be found in colloquial vocabulary as well as what?	some scientific terminology	[ "Czech_language\n\nOne study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative cas...
572b701cbe1ee31400cb8391	What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech?	borrowed words	[ "Czech_language\n\nOne study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative cas...
572b71c2be1ee31400cb8397	Who called themselves "Czechoslavs"?	a group of 19th-century scholars	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves \"Czechoslavs\" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) H...
572b71c2be1ee31400cb8398	Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language?	The similarities	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves \"Czechoslavs\" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) H...
572b71c2be1ee31400cb8399	When was the first Czechoslovak Republic?	1918–1938	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves \"Czechoslavs\" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) H...
572b71c2be1ee31400cb839a	What was standard written Slovak partially modeled on?	literary Czech	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves \"Czechoslavs\" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) H...
572b71c2be1ee31400cb839b	When was the Prague Spring?	1968	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves \"Czechoslavs\" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) H...
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a1	When did a tribe of Slavs arrive in Central Europe?	sixth century AD	[ "Czech_language\n\nAround the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine rule...
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a2	Who was the hero who led the Slavs to their new home, according to legend?	Čech	[ "Czech_language\n\nAround the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine rule...
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a3	What did the ninth century bring?	state of Great Moravia	[ "Czech_language\n\nAround the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine rule...
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a4	Whose influence was Rastislav eager to reduce, when he invited Michael III to send missionaries?	East Francia	[ "Czech_language\n\nAround the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine rule...
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a5	What alphabet did the missionaries bring to the West Slavs?	Glagolitic	[ "Czech_language\n\nAround the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine rule...
572b8668f75d5e190021fe28	By the thirteenth century, what had the Czech language separated from?	other Slavic tongues	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an ani...
572b8668f75d5e190021fe29	How long was the precursor to Czech classified as Old Czech?	through the sixteenth century	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an ani...
572b8668f75d5e190021fe2a	How did Old Czech's use of cases differ from modern usage?	did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an ani...
572b8668f75d5e190021fe2b	How many cases did Old Czech have?	six	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an ani...
572b8668f75d5e190021fe2c	What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble?	Lithuanian	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an ani...
572b87a334ae481900deae71	What type of orthography did Old Czech lack?	standard	[ "Czech_language\n\nWhile Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and a...
572b87a334ae481900deae72	Why aren't some sound clusters used in modern Czech?	no longer exist	[ "Czech_language\n\nWhile Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and a...
572b87a334ae481900deae73	How did old Czech allow some complex consonant clusters to be pronounced?	all at once	[ "Czech_language\n\nWhile Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and a...
572b87a334ae481900deae74	What type of phenomenon is Havlik's law?	phonological	[ "Czech_language\n\nWhile Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and a...
572b87a334ae481900deae75	Which "yer"s were vocalized as vowels?	every odd-numbered	[ "Czech_language\n\nWhile Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and a...
572b8885be1ee31400cb8419	What was Czech civilization called back in the day?	Bohemia	[ "Czech_language\n\nBohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech litera...
572b8885be1ee31400cb841a	What Holy Roman Emperor expedited the growth of Bohemia in the 14th century?	Charles IV	[ "Czech_language\n\nBohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech litera...
572b8885be1ee31400cb841b	When was Charles University founded in Prague?	1348	[ "Czech_language\n\nBohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech litera...
572b8885be1ee31400cb841c	Who contributed heavily to the effort to standardize Czech orthography?	Jan Hus	[ "Czech_language\n\nBohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech litera...
572b8885be1ee31400cb841d	What did Jan Hus advocate for among the Czech commoners?	widespread literacy	[ "Czech_language\n\nBohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech litera...
572b8919f75d5e190021fe38	How many years as Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance?	hundreds	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James an...
572b8919f75d5e190021fe39	When was the Kralice Bible published?	late sixteenth century	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James an...
572b8919f75d5e190021fe3a	What did the publication of the Kralice Bible spawn?	widespread nationalism	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James an...
572b8919f75d5e190021fe3b	In what war were the Czechs defeated at the Battle of White Mountain?	Thirty Years' War	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James an...
572b8919f75d5e190021fe3c	What language became dominant in Bohemia after the Czech's defeat?	German	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James an...
572b8a3b34ae481900deae83	When do linguists agree modern Czech originated?	the eighteenth century	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contempor...
572b8a3b34ae481900deae84	What had Czech developed by the 18th century?	literary tradition	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contempor...
572b8a3b34ae481900deae85	Journals from the 18th century have no substantial differences from what?	modern standard Czech	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contempor...
572b8a3b34ae481900deae86	How much difficulty do contemporary Czechs have in understanding material from the 18th century?	little	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contempor...
572b8a3b34ae481900deae87	What did the Czech language abandon which survives in Slovak?	a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contempor...
572b8b54111d821400f38efc	What did the Czechs as a people gain during the mid-18th century?	widespread national pride	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-...
572b8b54111d821400f38efd	What inspired the Czech's national pride?	Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-...
572b8b54111d821400f38efe	What did Czech historians emphasize about their countrymen?	accomplishments	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-...
572b8b54111d821400f38eff	What did Czech philologists advocate?	the return of the language to high culture	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-...
572b8b54111d821400f38f00	What is the period during the mid-eighteenth century also remembered as?	Czech National Revival	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-...
572b8eb4111d821400f38f06	What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský?	linguist and historian	[ "Czech_language\n\nDuring the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czec...
572b8eb4111d821400f38f07	What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech?	1809	[ "Czech_language\n\nDuring the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czec...
572b8eb4111d821400f38f08	What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as?	a major language	[ "Czech_language\n\nDuring the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czec...
572b8eb4111d821400f38f09	What did Josef Jungmann advocate for?	a Czech linguistic revival	[ "Czech_language\n\nDuring the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czec...
572b8eb4111d821400f38f0a	Who disagree about whether the revivalists were motivated by nationalism or if they considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal use?	Modern scholars	[ "Czech_language\n\nDuring the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czec...
572b8f5d111d821400f38f10	What is the official language of the Czech republic?	Czech	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language kn...
572b8f5d111d821400f38f11	How long has the Czech Republic been a member of the European Union?	since 2004	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language kn...
572b8f5d111d821400f38f12	What distinction does Czech have in Slovakia?	foreign language most often used	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language kn...
572b8f5d111d821400f38f13	Who collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages?	Jonathan van Parys	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language kn...
572b8f5d111d821400f38f14	Of the five countries with the greatest use of Czech, which country had the lowest percent of use?	Germany	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language kn...
572b8fff111d821400f38f1a	Czechs immigrated from Europe to the U.S. primary from 1848 to when?	1914	[ "Czech_language\n\nImmigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 Uni...
572b8fff111d821400f38f1b	What kind of language is Czech in U.S. schools?	a Less Commonly Taught Language	[ "Czech_language\n\nImmigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 Uni...
572b8fff111d821400f38f1c	What states have large communities of Czech Americans?	Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin	[ "Czech_language\n\nImmigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 Uni...
572b8fff111d821400f38f1d	What is the most commonly spoken non-English language at homes nationwide in the U.S.?	Spanish	[ "Czech_language\n\nImmigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 Uni...
572b8fff111d821400f38f1e	How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009?	70,500	[ "Czech_language\n\nImmigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 Uni...
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8443	How many regional dialects does Czech have?	several	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the ea...
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8444	Where are dialects of Czech commonly found?	rural areas	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the ea...
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8445	What is dialect use associated with and thus stigmatized because of?	lower class	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the ea...
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8446	What kind of scholarly interest has Czech received?	considerable	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the ea...
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8447	What Czech dialect is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media?	Common	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the ea...
572b916d111d821400f38f24	What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as?	Moravian	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in n...
572b916d111d821400f38f25	Where could citizens register "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak' as being their spoken language?	the Austro-Hungarian Empire	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in n...
572b916d111d821400f38f26	Which of the Czech dialects is the only one distinguished in the nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office?	Moravian	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in n...
572b916d111d821400f38f27	How many Czechs spoke Moravian as their first language as of 2011?	62,908	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in n...
572b916d111d821400f38f28	How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011?	45,561	[ "Czech_language\n\nThe Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in n...
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe52	How many basic vowel phonemes does Czech contain?	ten	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vow...
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe53	Where are three additional vowel phonemes found in Czech?	loanwords	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vow...
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe54	What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed?	schwa sounds	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vow...
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe55	What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech?	first syllable	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vow...
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe56	What is stress unrelated to in Czech?	vowel length	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vow...
572b928534ae481900deae9f	In Czech, what are loanwords from other languages associated with?	high culture	[ "Czech_language\n\nAlthough older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; \"music\" is muzyka in Poli...
572b928534ae481900deaea0	What word roots in the 19th century were rejected in favor of words with more common Slavic roots?	Greek and Latin	[ "Czech_language\n\nAlthough older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; \"music\" is muzyka in Poli...
572b928534ae481900deaea1	How does one say the word "music" in Czech?	hudba	[ "Czech_language\n\nAlthough older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; \"music\" is muzyka in Poli...
572b928534ae481900deaea2	What Czech word did the English "robot" derive from?	robota	[ "Czech_language\n\nAlthough older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; \"music\" is muzyka in Poli...
572b928534ae481900deaea3	What is the meaning of the Czech word "robota"?	labor	[ "Czech_language\n\nAlthough older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; \"music\" is muzyka in Poli...
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe64	Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence?	grammatical case	[ "Czech_language\n\nBecause Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. En...
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe65	In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what?	a verb	[ "Czech_language\n\nBecause Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. En...
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe66	What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech?	information	[ "Czech_language\n\nBecause Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. En...
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe67	What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns?	Enclitics	[ "Czech_language\n\nBecause Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. En...
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe68	Where must enclitics appear in a sentence?	second syntactic slot	[ "Czech_language\n\nBecause Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. En...
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8465	What is the sentence structure of Czech syntax?	subject–verb–object	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to...
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8466	Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for?	topicalization and focus	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to...
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8467	What kind of passive construction does Czech have?	periphrastic	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to...
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8468	What happens to the subject and object to produce a passive voice in Czech?	inverted	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to...
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8469	What case is the grammatical object of a verb?	accusative	[ "Czech_language\n\nCzech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to...
572ba3f1be1ee31400cb846f	How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?	seven	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive noun...
572ba3f1be1ee31400cb8470	When are nouns in Czech inflected?	to indicate their use in a sentence	[ "Czech_language\n\nIn Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive noun...

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