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572fd7b804bcaa1900d76daa
Who created the Armenian alphabet?
Saint Mesrop Mashtots
[ "Armenia\n\nInstruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind ...
572fd7b804bcaa1900d76dab
Who composed the Sabre Dance?
Aram Khatchaturian
[ "Armenia\n\nInstruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind ...
572fd7b804bcaa1900d76dac
What is known as one of the most prolific type of religious music in Armenia?
the Armenian chant
[ "Armenia\n\nInstruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind ...
572fd8b9a23a5019007fca7d
What is kef?
Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments
[ "Armenia\n\nThe Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called \"kef\" style...
572fd8b9a23a5019007fca7e
What did kef help do?
preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia
[ "Armenia\n\nThe Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called \"kef\" style...
572fd8b9a23a5019007fca7f
Where did the Armenians emigrate from?
Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries
[ "Armenia\n\nThe Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called \"kef\" style...
572fd977947a6a140053cd4e
Who is the most well know kef artist?
Richard Hagopian
[ "Armenia\n\nRichard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional \"kef\" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of \"kef music\" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Arme...
572fd977947a6a140053cd4f
What type of music had the biggest impact on the kef of the Vosbikian Band?
American Big Band Jazz
[ "Armenia\n\nRichard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional \"kef\" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of \"kef music\" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Arme...
572fd977947a6a140053cd50
Who were some Armenian pop artists?
Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian
[ "Armenia\n\nRichard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional \"kef\" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of \"kef music\" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Arme...
572fd977947a6a140053cd51
When did Armenian pop music become popular?
the 1960s and 1970s
[ "Armenia\n\nRichard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional \"kef\" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of \"kef music\" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Arme...
572fda8ab2c2fd1400568515
What type of musician is Sahan Arzruni?
pianist
[ "Armenia\n\nOther Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians ...
572fda8ab2c2fd1400568516
What type of band was System of a Down?
heavy metal
[ "Armenia\n\nOther Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians ...
572fda8ab2c2fd1400568517
What type of songs do armenian youth prefer?
Armenian revolutionary songs
[ "Armenia\n\nOther Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians ...
572fda8ab2c2fd1400568518
What topics do armenian revolutionary songs usually encompass?
Armenian history and national heroes
[ "Armenia\n\nOther Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians ...
572fdbc3947a6a140053cd60
What is Obsidian used for?
jewellery and ornamental objects
[ "Armenia\n\nYerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims...
572fdbc3947a6a140053cd61
What are some examples of soviet memorabilia that can be purchased at Vernissage?
nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes
[ "Armenia\n\nYerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims...
572fdbc3947a6a140053cd62
What types of crafts can be purchased at Vernissage?
woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims
[ "Armenia\n\nYerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims...
572fdbc3947a6a140053cd63
What is Vernissage?
arts and crafts market
[ "Armenia\n\nYerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims...
572fdc7c04bcaa1900d76ded
How many pieces can be found in the Yerevan National Art Gallery?
more than 16,000
[ "Armenia\n\nThe National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are ...
572fdc7c04bcaa1900d76dee
Where other than the National Art Gallery can one find art on display in Yerevan?
The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum
[ "Armenia\n\nThe National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are ...
572fdc7c04bcaa1900d76def
What is the earliest period the National Art Gallery has pieces from?
the Middle Ages
[ "Armenia\n\nThe National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are ...
572fddea947a6a140053cd7c
Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia?
Lake Sevan
[ "Armenia\n\nA wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sport...
572fddea947a6a140053cd7d
What international sports has Armenia done well at?
chess, weightlifting and wrestling
[ "Armenia\n\nA wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sport...
572fddea947a6a140053cd7e
What does IIHF stand for?
Ice Hockey Federation
[ "Armenia\n\nA wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sport...
572fddea947a6a140053cd7f
Which Games does Armenia hold?
Pan-Armenian Games
[ "Armenia\n\nA wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sport...
572fde9204bcaa1900d76e05
What Olympic Sport did Hrant Shahinyan compete in?
gymnastics
[ "Armenia\n\nPrior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic hi...
572fde9204bcaa1900d76e06
What medals did Hrant Shahinyan win at the 1952 Summer Olympics?
two golds and two silvers
[ "Armenia\n\nPrior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic hi...
572fde9204bcaa1900d76e07
Where were the 1952 Summer Olympics held?
Helsinki
[ "Armenia\n\nPrior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic hi...
572fde9204bcaa1900d76e08
What year did Armenia begin competiting in the Olympics seperate from the USSR?
1992
[ "Armenia\n\nPrior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic hi...
572fdf3904bcaa1900d76e1f
What team won the Soviet football Cup in 1973 and 1975?
FC Ararat Yerevan team
[ "Armenia\n\nFootball is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they...
572fdf3904bcaa1900d76e20
Which team did the FC Ararat lose to in the European Cup?
FC Bayern Munich
[ "Armenia\n\nFootball is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they...
572fdf3904bcaa1900d76e21
What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011?
44th
[ "Armenia\n\nFootball is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they...
572fdf3904bcaa1900d76e22
How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have?
eight teams
[ "Armenia\n\nFootball is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they...
572fdfffa23a5019007fcab9
Who provided the funds to rebuild the Armenian sports schools?
the Armenian government
[ "Armenia\n\nDue to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. $9.3 million has been in...
572fdfffa23a5019007fcaba
What year did Yerevan create a cyclying center?
2005
[ "Armenia\n\nDue to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. $9.3 million has been in...
572fdfffa23a5019007fcabb
What prize do Armenians receive from the government if they win a gold medal?
$700,000
[ "Armenia\n\nDue to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. $9.3 million has been in...
572fdfffa23a5019007fcabc
How much money was spent to revamp Tsaghkadzor for winter sports?
$9.3 million
[ "Armenia\n\nDue to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. $9.3 million has been in...
572fdfffa23a5019007fcabd
How much did Armenia spend to fix up their sports schools?
$1.9 million
[ "Armenia\n\nDue to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. $9.3 million has been in...
572fe10e04bcaa1900d76e2f
What type of food is Armenian food most similair to?
eastern and Mediterranean cuisine
[ "Armenia\n\nArmenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics...
572fe10e04bcaa1900d76e30
What does Armenian cuisine place an emphasis on?
quality of the ingredients
[ "Armenia\n\nArmenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics...
572fe10e04bcaa1900d76e31
What does Armenian cuisine use to create its distinctive dishes?
various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits
[ "Armenia\n\nArmenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics...
572fe10e04bcaa1900d76e32
What different uses does fruit have in Armenian food?
main ingredient as well as to sour food
[ "Armenia\n\nArmenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics...
572f876aa23a5019007fc6ef
What is a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms?
Bacteria
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most ...
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f0
What configurations can bacteria can bacteria take?
spheres to rods and spirals
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most ...
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f1
When is the typical lenght for bacteria?
few micrometres
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most ...
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f2
What environments can bacteria live?
present in most of its habitats
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most ...
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f3
What is the relationships between plants animals and bacteria?
symbiotic and parasitic relationships
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most ...
572f8f15a23a5019007fc749
What amount of bacteria can be found in a gram of soil?
40 million bacterial cells
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the st...
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74a
How many bacteria cells can be in a milliltre of fresh water?
million bacterial cells
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the st...
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74b
How does bacteria help to sustain life in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps?
by converting dissolved compounds
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the st...
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74c
What deepest part of the ocean was bacteria found?
Mariana Trench
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the st...
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74d
Can bacteria survive inside rocks under the sea level?
thrive inside rocks
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the st...
572f9551a23a5019007fc7ad
What is the ratio of human/bacteria cells in human flora?
ten times as many bacterial cells
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective eff...
572f9551a23a5019007fc7ae
What keeps bacteria at bay in human body?
the immune system
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective eff...
572f9551a23a5019007fc7af
What type of bacteria can cause infectious diseases?
pathogenic
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective eff...
572f9551a23a5019007fc7b0
What are the deadliest diseases caused by bacteria?
respiratory infections
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective eff...
572f9551a23a5019007fc7b1
What makes bacteria resistant to antibiotic treatment?
farming
[ "Bacteria\n\nThere are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective eff...
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76acf
What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as?
prokaryotes
[ "Bacteria\n\nOnce regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryote...
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad0
What vital part is missing in bacteria to eukaryotes?
nucleus
[ "Bacteria\n\nOnce regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryote...
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad1
When did the scientific classification change?
1990s
[ "Bacteria\n\nOnce regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryote...
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad2
What are two main groups prokaryotes can be divided into?
Bacteria and Archaea
[ "Bacteria\n\nOnce regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryote...
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568255
When did the first antecedents of bacteria appear on Earth?
4 billion years ago
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were...
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568256
Why were bacteria and archaea dominant forms of life?
most organisms were microscopic
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were...
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568257
What are Stromatolites?
bacterial fossils
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were...
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568258
What pre-historic group did bacteria evolve from?
archaeal/eukaryotic lineage
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were...
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568259
How did chloroplast appear in first vegetation?
mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were...
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aeb
What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria?
morphologies
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a mi...
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aec
Are bacteria cells smaller than eukaryotic cells?
one-tenth the size
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a mi...
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aed
How big is Epulopiscium bacteria?
0.7 mm
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a mi...
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aee
What are one of the smallest bacteria?
genus Mycoplasma
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a mi...
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aef
Is ultramicrobacteria is well examined?
not well-studied
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a mi...
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b09
What shape does usually cocci type of bacteria can be?
spherical
[ "Bacteria\n\nMost bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped...
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0a
What type of bacteria usually takes rod-shaped form?
bacilli
[ "Bacteria\n\nMost bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped...
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0b
What shape Spirochaetes are?
tightly coiled
[ "Bacteria\n\nMost bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped...
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0c
What shape was newly discovered bacteria from deep under Earth?
branching filamentous types with a star-shaped cross-section
[ "Bacteria\n\nMost bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped...
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0d
Can shape of bacteria be beneficial to their survival?
can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients
[ "Bacteria\n\nMost bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped...
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e7
What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria?
diploids (pairs)
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in \"bunch of grapes\" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacter...
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e8
What well known bacteria structure chains?
Streptococcus
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in \"bunch of grapes\" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacter...
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e9
What does typically Staphylococcus look like?
clusters
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in \"bunch of grapes\" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacter...
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7ea
What type of bacteria is surrounded by a capsule?
Filamentous bacteria
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in \"bunch of grapes\" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacter...
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7eb
Formation of what can be related to fungal mycelia?
branched filaments
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in \"bunch of grapes\" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacter...
572fa3e9b2c2fd140056827d
What does bacteria use to adhere to surfaces?
biofilms
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex ar...
572fa3e9b2c2fd140056827e
How extent can biofilm be?
up to half a meter in depth
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex ar...
572fa3e9b2c2fd140056827f
What is part of secondary structure in the complex formation of bacteria?
microcolonies,
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex ar...
572fa3e9b2c2fd1400568280
What is the purpose of networks of channels in microcolonies?
to enable better diffusion of nutrients
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex ar...
572fa3e9b2c2fd1400568281
Which bacteria is more difficult to eradicate?
bacteria protected within biofilms
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex ar...
572fa576b2c2fd1400568299
What is the vital nutriment for Myxobacteria?
amino acids
[ "Bacteria\n\nEven more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately ...
572fa576b2c2fd140056829a
Why do cells of Myxobacteria migrate towards each other?
aggregate to form fruiting bodies
[ "Bacteria\n\nEven more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately ...
572fa576b2c2fd140056829b
How hard to treat bacteria cells in a passive state?
more resistant
[ "Bacteria\n\nEven more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately ...
572fa576b2c2fd140056829c
What bacteria do in fruiting bodies?
multicellular organisation
[ "Bacteria\n\nEven more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately ...
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b49
What is a cell membrane?
lipid
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacter...
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4a
What does membrane accomplish?
barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacter...
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4b
Do bacteria have membrabe-bound organelles in their cytoplasm?
do not
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacter...
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4c
Absence of what make bacteria belong to prokaryotes?
true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacter...
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4d
What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered?
simple bags of cytoplasm
[ "Bacteria\n\nThe bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacter...
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b67
What is crucial for biochemical reactions?
concentration gradients across membranes
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many p...
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b68
How does electron transit occur in bacteria?
between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many p...
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b69
What kind of membrane do bacteria cells are filled with?
light-gathering membrane
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many p...
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b6a
Can membrane of bacteria create lipid structure?
light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures
[ "Bacteria\n\nMany important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many p...
572fab18947a6a140053cb3a
What is genetic make of bacteria?
a single circular DNA chromosome
[ "Bacteria\n\nBacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and ca...