id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57310d3fe6313a140071cbbc | Around what time did the Khazars unable to no longer command tribute from Volga? | 10th century | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAs the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from... |
57310d3fe6313a140071cbbd | Who did the Byzantium ally with against the Khazar's? | Pechenegs | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAs the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from... |
57310d3fe6313a140071cbbe | What did the Pechenges trade with the Rus? | livestock | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAs the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from... |
57310ec3e6313a140071cbc2 | In what year did the Rus attack Constantinople? | 860 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAfter the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sen... |
57310ec3e6313a140071cbc3 | What had Prince Rastislav requested? | provide teachers | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAfter the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sen... |
57310ec3e6313a140071cbc4 | What did Cyril and Mehodius come up with to help with the issue of the Slaves not having a written language? | devised the Glagolitic alphabet | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAfter the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sen... |
57310ec3e6313a140071cbc5 | In what year did the Rus accept a bishop? | 867 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAfter the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sen... |
5731102ce6313a140071cbd2 | When did the relations between the Rus and Byzantines start to become more complicated? | after Oleg took control over Kiev | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRelations between the Rus' and Byzantines became more complex after Oleg took control over Kiev, reflecting commercial, cultural, and military concerns. The wealth and income of the Rus' depended heavily upon trade with Byzantium. Constantine Porphyrogenitus described the annual course of the prin... |
5731102ce6313a140071cbd3 | What were the primary concerns the Rus and Byzantines had with oleg? | commercial, cultural, and military concerns | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRelations between the Rus' and Byzantines became more complex after Oleg took control over Kiev, reflecting commercial, cultural, and military concerns. The wealth and income of the Rus' depended heavily upon trade with Byzantium. Constantine Porphyrogenitus described the annual course of the prin... |
5731102ce6313a140071cbd4 | When did the Rus attack the Constantinole once again? | 907 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRelations between the Rus' and Byzantines became more complex after Oleg took control over Kiev, reflecting commercial, cultural, and military concerns. The wealth and income of the Rus' depended heavily upon trade with Byzantium. Constantine Porphyrogenitus described the annual course of the prin... |
57311c1005b4da19006bcda8 | What known document tells of the death of Oleg? | The Chronicle | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the th... |
57311c1005b4da19006bcda9 | What was prophesised by a sorcerer involving Oleg's death? | certain horse | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the th... |
57311c1005b4da19006bcdaa | What does Oleg do to his horse? | has the horse sequestered | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the th... |
57311c1005b4da19006bcdab | WHo succeeded Oleg in 913? | Prince Igor | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the th... |
57311df705b4da19006bcdb0 | What year did Igot led a Rus attack on Constantinople? | 941 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byz... |
57311df705b4da19006bcdb1 | How large was the fleet that attacked the Bithynian coast along with the Pecheneg allies? | 10,000 vessels | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byz... |
57311df705b4da19006bcdb2 | Why did the attack by the Rus go so well on the coast at the start? | Byzantine fleet was occupied with the Arabs | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byz... |
57311df705b4da19006bcdb3 | What did the emperor of Byzatine do to some of the old retired ships to help fight the Rus? | outfitted with Greek fire throwers | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn 941, Igor led another major Rus' attack on Constantinople, probably over trading rights again. A navy of 10,000 vessels, including Pecheneg allies, landed on the Bithynian coast and devastated the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus. The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byz... |
57311f58497a881900248b77 | Where did Igor get warriors from after returning to Kiev after being drivin out by the Byzatines? | Slavs and Pecheneg allies | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIgor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson ... |
57311f58497a881900248b78 | When did the Rus return to Byzatine seeking revenge? | 944 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIgor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson ... |
57311f58497a881900248b79 | IN what year was the peace treaty signed between the Rus, Byzantine and the Bulgarians. | 945 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIgor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson ... |
57312584497a881900248bc3 | When did Prince Igor past away? | 945 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFollowing the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By t... |
57312584497a881900248bc4 | Who ruled in Prince Oleg's place following his death? | his wife Olga | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFollowing the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By t... |
57312584497a881900248bc5 | In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader? | 963 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFollowing the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By t... |
57312584497a881900248bc6 | Where did Sviatoslav move the capital to? | Pereyaslavets | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFollowing the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By t... |
57312b47497a881900248bf7 | What year did Sviatoslav pass away? | 972 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIt is not clearly documented when the title of the Grand Duke was first introduced, but the importance of the Kiev principality was recognized after the death of Sviatoslav I in 972 and the ensuing struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I. The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan... |
57312b47497a881900248bf8 | How long did the region of Kiev dominate the State of the Rus? | two centuries | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIt is not clearly documented when the title of the Grand Duke was first introduced, but the importance of the Kiev principality was recognized after the death of Sviatoslav I in 972 and the ensuing struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I. The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan... |
57312b47497a881900248bf9 | What years did Vladimir the Great reign as leader? | 980–1015 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIt is not clearly documented when the title of the Grand Duke was first introduced, but the importance of the Kiev principality was recognized after the death of Sviatoslav I in 972 and the ensuing struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I. The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan... |
57312d4da5e9cc1400cdbccb | What territory was Vladimar Prince of before his father died? | Novgorod | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Nor... |
57312d4da5e9cc1400cdbccc | In 976, where did Vladimir have to flee to? | Scandinavia | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Nor... |
57312d4da5e9cc1400cdbccd | When did the Christianization of Kievan begin? | 988 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Nor... |
57312d4da5e9cc1400cdbcce | Who did Vladimir marry that was the sister of the Byzantine emperor? | Princess Anna | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972. He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus. In Scandinavia, with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson, ruler of Nor... |
5731309ce6313a140071cce8 | What was considered too be Kiev's most important route for trade? | Dnieper River | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir's choice of Eastern Christianity may also have reflected his close personal ties with Constantinople, which dominated the Black Sea and hence trade on Kiev's most vital commercial route, the Dnieper River. Adherence to the Eastern Church had long-range political, cultural, and religious c... |
5731309ce6313a140071cce9 | What language did the church write the liturgy in? | Cyrillic | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir's choice of Eastern Christianity may also have reflected his close personal ties with Constantinople, which dominated the Black Sea and hence trade on Kiev's most vital commercial route, the Dnieper River. Adherence to the Eastern Church had long-range political, cultural, and religious c... |
5731309ce6313a140071ccea | What did this literature help with that was written in Cyrillic? | facilitated the conversion to Christianity | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nVladimir's choice of Eastern Christianity may also have reflected his close personal ties with Constantinople, which dominated the Black Sea and hence trade on Kiev's most vital commercial route, the Dnieper River. Adherence to the Eastern Church had long-range political, cultural, and religious c... |
5731320605b4da19006bce88 | What was Yaroslav also known as? | the Wise | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nYaroslav, known as \"the Wise\", struggled for power with his brothers. A son of Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in... |
5731320605b4da19006bce89 | Who was Yaroslav's father? | Vladimir the Great | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nYaroslav, known as \"the Wise\", struggled for power with his brothers. A son of Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in... |
5731320605b4da19006bce8a | In what year did Yaroslav become the prince of Kiev? | 1019 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nYaroslav, known as \"the Wise\", struggled for power with his brothers. A son of Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in... |
5731334105b4da19006bcea0 | What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented? | rota system | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAn unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[cit... |
5731334105b4da19006bcea1 | What did the rota system do? | power was transferred to the eldest member | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAn unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[cit... |
5731334105b4da19006bcea2 | What was often deployed when trying to gain power? | Familicide | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAn unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[cit... |
573134c405b4da19006bceba | What immediately occurred after Yarsolav the Wise past away? | conflict | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belongi... |
573134c405b4da19006bcebb | Who was fighting for Tmutarakan following Yarsolav's death? | Rostislav Vladimirovich | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belongi... |
573134c405b4da19006bcebc | What country did the fleeing Grand Prince run off to? | Poland | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belongi... |
573134c405b4da19006bcebd | Where did the first federal council of Rus take place in 1097? | city of Liubech | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belongi... |
573135b1e6313a140071cd28 | What played a major role in the decline of the Rus? | decline of Constantinople | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe decline of Constantinople – a main trading partner of Kievan Rus' – played a significant role in the decline of the Kievan Rus'. The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, along which the goods were moving from the Black Sea (mainly Byzantine) through eastern Europe to the Baltic, was ... |
573135b1e6313a140071cd29 | What terriroty did the trade from the Varangians to the Greeks route mainly go through? | Byzantine | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe decline of Constantinople – a main trading partner of Kievan Rus' – played a significant role in the decline of the Kievan Rus'. The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, along which the goods were moving from the Black Sea (mainly Byzantine) through eastern Europe to the Baltic, was ... |
573135b1e6313a140071cd2a | Which terrirory was the main power in this trade relatinship? | Kiev | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe decline of Constantinople – a main trading partner of Kievan Rus' – played a significant role in the decline of the Kievan Rus'. The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, along which the goods were moving from the Black Sea (mainly Byzantine) through eastern Europe to the Baltic, was ... |
5731365ea5e9cc1400cdbceb | Who was the last ruller to keep the region united? | Mstislav the Great | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great. After his death in 1132 the Kievan Rus' fell into recession and a rapid decline, and Mstislav's successor Yaropolk II of Kiev instead of focussing on the external threat of the Cumans was embroiled in conflicts with the growing power ... |
5731365ea5e9cc1400cdbcec | When did Mstislav die? | 1169 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great. After his death in 1132 the Kievan Rus' fell into recession and a rapid decline, and Mstislav's successor Yaropolk II of Kiev instead of focussing on the external threat of the Cumans was embroiled in conflicts with the growing power ... |
5731365ea5e9cc1400cdbced | When did the Kievan state break up into twelve seperate principalities? | 12th century, | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great. After his death in 1132 the Kievan Rus' fell into recession and a rapid decline, and Mstislav's successor Yaropolk II of Kiev instead of focussing on the external threat of the Cumans was embroiled in conflicts with the growing power ... |
57313d9fa5e9cc1400cdbd9b | What helped speed up the decline of the Kievan Rus? | The Crusades | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic re... |
57313d9fa5e9cc1400cdbd9c | In what year did the Crusade sack Constantinople? | 1204 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic re... |
57313d9fa5e9cc1400cdbd9d | What group was attacking the the Baltic Region in 1204? | Teutonic Knights | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic re... |
57313e7f497a881900248cbf | Why was the Republic of Novgorod doing so well while the Kievan Rus declined? | it controlled trade routes | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered because it controlled trade routes from the River Volga to the Baltic Sea. As Kievan Rus' declined, Novgorod became more independent. A local oligarchy ruled Novgorod; major government decisions were made by a town assembly, which also elected a pri... |
57313e7f497a881900248cc0 | What happened to Novgorod when Kievan Rus began to decline? | became more independent | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered because it controlled trade routes from the River Volga to the Baltic Sea. As Kievan Rus' declined, Novgorod became more independent. A local oligarchy ruled Novgorod; major government decisions were made by a town assembly, which also elected a pri... |
57313e7f497a881900248cc1 | In what year did Novgorod aquire its own archbishop? | 1169 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered because it controlled trade routes from the River Volga to the Baltic Sea. As Kievan Rus' declined, Novgorod became more independent. A local oligarchy ruled Novgorod; major government decisions were made by a town assembly, which also elected a pri... |
5731403205b4da19006bcf3a | The Slavs from Kievan would eventually settle in the North East of the region, What would this region later become? | Grand Duchy of Moscow | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by ... |
5731403205b4da19006bcf3b | What was the name of the oldest city in the north east? | Rostov | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by ... |
5731403205b4da19006bcf3c | In what year did the mongol invasion begin? | In 1299 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by ... |
5731417005b4da19006bcf5e | Which neighbors did Halych develop trade relations with? | Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nTo the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and ass... |
5731417005b4da19006bcf5f | Who united the two previously separated principalities? | Prince Roman Mstislavich | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nTo the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and ass... |
5731417005b4da19006bcf60 | In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev? | 1202 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nTo the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and ass... |
5731417005b4da19006bcf61 | Who became metropolitan in 1370? | Cyprian | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nTo the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and ass... |
57314282a5e9cc1400cdbde3 | How did the leader of Kiev gain political control? | Due to the expansion of trade | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nDue to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political \"control\" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family co... |
57314282a5e9cc1400cdbde4 | From what did this new princedom emerge from? | from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nDue to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political \"control\" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family co... |
57314282a5e9cc1400cdbde5 | What type of government came from the coalition of traditional patriachic family? | first notable form of self-government | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nDue to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political \"control\" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family co... |
57314376a5e9cc1400cdbde9 | Which two groups dominated the society of Kievan Rus? | mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kiev... |
57314376a5e9cc1400cdbdea | What was severely lacking in Kievan in the 12th century? | class institutions and autonomous towns | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kiev... |
57314376a5e9cc1400cdbdeb | What was the group called that owed labour duty to the princes? | tribute-paying peasants | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nIn the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kiev... |
57314bb8497a881900248d73 | What eventually led to the creation of the peasant/smerdy class? | change in political structure | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe change in political structure led to the inevitable development of the peasant class or smerdy. The smerdy were free un-landed people that found work by labouring for wages on the manors which began to develop around 1031 as the verv' began to dominate socio-political structure. The smerdy wer... |
57314bb8497a881900248d74 | When did wages on the manors develop? | 1031 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe change in political structure led to the inevitable development of the peasant class or smerdy. The smerdy were free un-landed people that found work by labouring for wages on the manors which began to develop around 1031 as the verv' began to dominate socio-political structure. The smerdy wer... |
57314bb8497a881900248d75 | What were the smerdy initially given in the Kievian law code? | given equality | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe change in political structure led to the inevitable development of the peasant class or smerdy. The smerdy were free un-landed people that found work by labouring for wages on the manors which began to develop around 1031 as the verv' began to dominate socio-political structure. The smerdy wer... |
57314d1205b4da19006bd004 | Despite being much smaller than wester europe, what they known for being? | the largest contemporary European state | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepa... |
57314d1205b4da19006bd005 | What could you find in Novgorod that you couldn't in most other cities? | sewage system and wood paving | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepa... |
57314d1205b4da19006bd006 | What were some of the rights women had during this time period? | property and inheritance rights | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepa... |
57314eb2e6313a140071cdfa | To which dynasty did Yarolav's step mother belong to? | Macedonian dynasty | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary... |
57314eb2e6313a140071cdfb | Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of? | Hungary, France and Norway | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary... |
57314eb2e6313a140071cdfc | Who did Yaroslav's sons marry? | daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary... |
57314fb0497a881900248daf | How early did the relationship begin between the Pecheneg and the Rus? | 9th century | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFrom the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicl... |
57314fb0497a881900248db0 | What did the Pecheneg frequesntly do over the span of two centuries? | sporadic raids into the lands of Rus | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFrom the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicl... |
57314fb0497a881900248db1 | What year did the Pechenges attack the city of Kiev? | 968 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFrom the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicl... |
57314fb0497a881900248db2 | Whichgroup was known to support the Pecheneges in their military efforts? | Byzantine Empire | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nFrom the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicl... |
57315091497a881900248dc5 | Although uncertian, who is considered to be the first head of Kiev? | Michael I | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos, became the ... |
57315091497a881900248dc6 | Who was considered to be the first bishop of the Church of the Titches? | Leontiy | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos, became the ... |
5730a225069b5314008321d7 | When was the SNES released in the US? | 1991 | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 ... |
5730a225069b5314008321d8 | Where was the SNES first released? | Japan and South Korea | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 ... |
5730a225069b5314008321d9 | What was the SNES called in Japan? | Super Famicom | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 ... |
5730a225069b5314008321da | What was the SNES called in South Korea? | Super Comboy | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 ... |
5730a225069b5314008321db | When was the SNES released in Australia? | 1992 | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nThe Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 ... |
5730a2a1069b5314008321e1 | What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in Japan? | PC Engine | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respe... |
5730a2a1069b5314008321e2 | What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in Japan? | Mega Drive | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respe... |
5730a2a1069b5314008321e3 | What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in the US? | TurboGrafx-16 | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respe... |
5730a2a1069b5314008321e4 | What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in the US? | Genesis | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respe... |
5730a2a1069b5314008321e5 | What were the Genesis's advantages over the NES? | built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respe... |
5730a3018ab72b1400f9c61e | Who designed both the NES and SNES? | Masayuki Uemura | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nDesigned by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting so... |
5730a3018ab72b1400f9c61f | How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan? | ¥25,000 | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nDesigned by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting so... |
5730a3018ab72b1400f9c620 | How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan? | US$210 | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nDesigned by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting so... |
5730a3018ab72b1400f9c621 | How many Super Famicoms were produced in the first run? | 300,000 | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nDesigned by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting so... |
5730a3018ab72b1400f9c622 | What criminal group plotted to steal Super Famicoms? | the Yakuza | [
"Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System\n\nDesigned by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting so... |
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