id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57309019396df919000961b2 | What consisted of two rows of lights that formed a funnel, indicating an aircraft's position on the glidescope? | slope-line approach system | [
"Airport\n\nThe first lighting used on an airport was during the latter part of the 1920s; in the 1930s approach lighting came into use. These indicated the proper direction and angle of descent. The colours and flash intervals of these lights became standardized under the International Civil Aviation Organization ... |
5730907d069b531400832189 | Why did airport construction boom during the 1960s? | increase in jet aircraft traffic | [
"Airport\n\nAirport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in jet aircraft traffic. Runways were extended out to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The fields were constructed out of reinforced concrete using a slip-form machine that produces a continual slab with no disruptions along the length. The early 1960s a... |
5730907d069b53140083218a | How far were runways extended out? | 9,800 ft | [
"Airport\n\nAirport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in jet aircraft traffic. Runways were extended out to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The fields were constructed out of reinforced concrete using a slip-form machine that produces a continual slab with no disruptions along the length. The early 1960s a... |
5730907d069b53140083218b | What was constructed out of reinforced concrete? | The fields | [
"Airport\n\nAirport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in jet aircraft traffic. Runways were extended out to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The fields were constructed out of reinforced concrete using a slip-form machine that produces a continual slab with no disruptions along the length. The early 1960s a... |
5730907d069b53140083218c | When were jet bridge systems introduced to modern airport terminals? | early 1960s | [
"Airport\n\nAirport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in jet aircraft traffic. Runways were extended out to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The fields were constructed out of reinforced concrete using a slip-form machine that produces a continual slab with no disruptions along the length. The early 1960s a... |
57309103069b531400832191 | What does ATC stand for? | air traffic control | [
"Airport\n\nThe majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. However, at particularly busy airports, or airports with other special requirements, there is an air traffic control (ATC) system whereby controllers (usually ground-based) direct aircraft movements via radio or ... |
57309103069b531400832192 | ATC responsibilities are usually divided into how many main areas? | two | [
"Airport\n\nThe majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. However, at particularly busy airports, or airports with other special requirements, there is an air traffic control (ATC) system whereby controllers (usually ground-based) direct aircraft movements via radio or ... |
57309157069b531400832195 | What is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated areas? | Ground Control | [
"Airport\n\nGround Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated \"movement areas\", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will i... |
57309157069b531400832196 | Who instructs vehicles on which taxiways to use? | Ground Control | [
"Airport\n\nGround Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated \"movement areas\", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will i... |
57309157069b531400832197 | When a plane is ready to take off, who takes over the direction of a plane? | Tower Control | [
"Airport\n\nGround Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated \"movement areas\", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will i... |
57309157069b531400832198 | When is control turned back over to ground control? | After a plane has landed | [
"Airport\n\nGround Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated \"movement areas\", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will i... |
573091be2461fd1900a9ceab | Who controls aircraft on the runway? | Tower Control | [
"Airport\n\nTower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing... |
573091be2461fd1900a9ceac | Who controls aircraft in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport? | Tower Control | [
"Airport\n\nTower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing... |
573091be2461fd1900a9cead | Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space? | radar | [
"Airport\n\nTower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing... |
573091be2461fd1900a9ceae | Why should aircraft that is only passing through an airspace contact Tower Control? | in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic | [
"Airport\n\nTower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing... |
573092478ab72b1400f9c59e | What is a traffic pattern often called outside of the U.S.? | traffic pattern | [
"Airport\n\nAt all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And ... |
573092478ab72b1400f9c59f | What assures smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft? | traffic pattern | [
"Airport\n\nAt all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And ... |
573092478ab72b1400f9c5a0 | Due to this, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. | so-called SLOT-times | [
"Airport\n\nAt all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And ... |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb3 | Traffic patterns are usually flown at what altitude above ground level? | 800 or 1,000 ft | [
"Airport\n\nGenerally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five \"legs\" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at on... |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb4 | What does AGL stand for? | above ground level | [
"Airport\n\nGenerally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five \"legs\" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at on... |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb5 | Are standard traffic patterns right-handed or left-handed? | left-handed | [
"Airport\n\nGenerally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five \"legs\" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at on... |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb6 | What is one of the main reasons pilots sit on the left side of the airplane? | Standard traffic patterns are left-handed | [
"Airport\n\nGenerally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five \"legs\" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at on... |
573094368ab72b1400f9c5b8 | At an extremely large airport, what is in place but not usually used? | a circuit | [
"Airport\n\nAt extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency ca... |
573094368ab72b1400f9c5b9 | What is the frequency called that is used by departing aircraft for the purpose of requesting approach clearance? | Clearance Delivery | [
"Airport\n\nAt extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency ca... |
573094368ab72b1400f9c5ba | Which aircraft request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport? | commercial with long routes | [
"Airport\n\nAt extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency ca... |
573094c48ab72b1400f9c5be | What helps pilots fly the approach for landing? | visual approach slope indicator | [
"Airport\n\nThere are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are... |
573094c48ab72b1400f9c5bf | What does VASI stand for? | visual approach slope indicator | [
"Airport\n\nThere are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are... |
573094c48ab72b1400f9c5c0 | What does VOR stand for? | VHF omnidirectional range | [
"Airport\n\nThere are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are... |
573094c48ab72b1400f9c5c1 | What helps pilots find the direction to the airport? | VHF omnidirectional range | [
"Airport\n\nThere are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are... |
573094c48ab72b1400f9c5c2 | What instruments do pilots use to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground? | instrument landing system | [
"Airport\n\nThere are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are... |
5730954a2461fd1900a9cebb | On runways, what indicate the beginning of the runway for landing? | green lights | [
"Airport\n\nOn runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lig... |
5730954a2461fd1900a9cebc | On runways, what indicate the end of the runway? | red lights | [
"Airport\n\nOn runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lig... |
5730954a2461fd1900a9cebd | What indicates the edge of a runway? | white lights | [
"Airport\n\nOn runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lig... |
5730954a2461fd1900a9cebe | What may low-traffic airports use to save electricity and staffing costs? | pilot controlled lighting | [
"Airport\n\nOn runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lig... |
5730954a2461fd1900a9cebf | What does ALS stand for? | approach lighting system | [
"Airport\n\nOn runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lig... |
573095a62461fd1900a9cec5 | What includes debris and nesting birds? | Hazards to aircraft | [
"Airport\n\nHazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain. Part of runway maintenance is airfield rubber removal which helps maintain friction levels. The fields must be kept clear of debris using cleaning equipment so that ... |
573095a62461fd1900a9cec6 | What is one part of runway maintenance that helps maintain friction levels? | airfield rubber removal | [
"Airport\n\nHazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain. Part of runway maintenance is airfield rubber removal which helps maintain friction levels. The fields must be kept clear of debris using cleaning equipment so that ... |
573095a62461fd1900a9cec7 | In adverse weather conditions, what can be used to improve traction on the landing strip? | ice and snow clearing equipment | [
"Airport\n\nHazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain. Part of runway maintenance is airfield rubber removal which helps maintain friction levels. The fields must be kept clear of debris using cleaning equipment so that ... |
57309634069b5314008321af | What pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges? | tow tractor | [
"Airport\n\nMany ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity,... |
57309634069b5314008321b0 | What keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal? | ground power unit | [
"Airport\n\nMany ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity,... |
57309634069b5314008321b1 | The passengers disembark using what? | airbridge | [
"Airport\n\nMany ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity,... |
57309634069b5314008321b2 | What can give the ground crew more clearance after the aircraft lands? | Mobile stairs | [
"Airport\n\nMany ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity,... |
57309634069b5314008321b3 | How long should it take for an aircraft to be off the airport and in the air? | 90 minutes | [
"Airport\n\nMany ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity,... |
573096972461fd1900a9cecb | An airfield is also referred to as what? | airbase | [
"Airport\n\nAn airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for t... |
573096972461fd1900a9cecc | What provides basing and support of military aircraft? | airbase | [
"Airport\n\nAn airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for t... |
573096972461fd1900a9cecd | Where is RAF Brize Norton located? | the UK | [
"Airport\n\nAn airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for t... |
573096972461fd1900a9cece | Where is Bardufoss Air Station located? | Norway | [
"Airport\n\nAn airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for t... |
573096972461fd1900a9cecf | Where is Pune Airport located? | India | [
"Airport\n\nAn airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for t... |
573096e32461fd1900a9ced5 | What is the title of the film where a man becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal? | The Terminal | [
"Airport\n\nAirports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently ground... |
573096e32461fd1900a9ced6 | When was the movie Airport made? | 1970 | [
"Airport\n\nAirports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently ground... |
573096e32461fd1900a9ced7 | When was the movie Final Destination released? | 2000 | [
"Airport\n\nAirports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently ground... |
57309733396df919000961dc | Landside, where can filming take place? | all public areas | [
"Airport\n\nMost airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee. Landside, filming can take place in all public areas. However airside, filming is heavily restricted, the only airside locations where filming is permitted are the Departure Lounge and some outside ... |
57309733396df919000961dd | What are the only airside locations where filming is allowed? | Departure Lounge and some outside areas | [
"Airport\n\nMost airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee. Landside, filming can take place in all public areas. However airside, filming is heavily restricted, the only airside locations where filming is permitted are the Departure Lounge and some outside ... |
57309733396df919000961de | What can not be undertaken n Security, at Immigration/Customs or in Baggage Reclaim? | Filming | [
"Airport\n\nMost airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee. Landside, filming can take place in all public areas. However airside, filming is heavily restricted, the only airside locations where filming is permitted are the Departure Lounge and some outside ... |
573084818ab72b1400f9c542 | What year was Kievan Rus became a territory? | 882 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major e... |
573084818ab72b1400f9c543 | Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan? | Prince Oleg | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major e... |
573084818ab72b1400f9c544 | Who achieve the first major expansion of Kievan? | Kiev. Sviatoslav I | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major e... |
573084818ab72b1400f9c545 | Which ruler introduced Christianity in Kievan Rus? | Vladimir the Great | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major e... |
573084818ab72b1400f9c546 | What did Yaroslav sons achieve during his time in Keivan Rus? | issued its first written legal code | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nKievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major e... |
5730855c396df91900096174 | When was the term Kievan Rus first coined? | 19th century | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe term \"Kievan Rus'\" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevs... |
5730855c396df91900096175 | When did the term Kievan Rus first appear in English? | 1913 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe term \"Kievan Rus'\" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevs... |
5730855c396df91900096176 | Who first translated the term Kievan Rus into english from russian? | Vasily Klyuchevsky | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe term \"Kievan Rus'\" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevs... |
5730878f2461fd1900a9ce8f | Who populated the area between the Baltic Sea and the Black sea before Kievan Rus? | Slavic tribes | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nPrior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters o... |
5730878f2461fd1900a9ce90 | Where were the Limen Slavs located before Kievan Rus? | Novgorod | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nPrior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters o... |
5730878f2461fd1900a9ce91 | Where was the Finnic Chud Tripe located curing this time period? | Ladoga and Karelia regions | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nPrior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters o... |
5730878f2461fd1900a9ce92 | Which tribe resided in the south? | Poliane | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nPrior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters o... |
573089b78ab72b1400f9c560 | What controversy currently surrounds the Rus? | whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nControversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries l... |
573089b78ab72b1400f9c561 | What were the "Rus" accourding to the "Normanist"? | Scandinavians | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nControversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries l... |
573089b78ab72b1400f9c562 | What did the Russians beleive the Rus were? | Slavs | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nControversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries l... |
57308b138ab72b1400f9c566 | Which early traveler provided an early description of the Rus? | Ahmad ibn Fadlan | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAhmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': \"They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his b... |
57308b138ab72b1400f9c567 | What did Ahmad say about the Rus when he described clothing? | garments that only cover half of his body | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAhmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': \"They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his b... |
57308b138ab72b1400f9c568 | Which historian refered to the Rus as "Scythians"? | Leo the Deacon | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAhmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': \"They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his b... |
5730de3fb54a4f140068ccb4 | Which two groups were divided inn the territories of the East Slavs? | Varangians and the Khazars | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAccording to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebel... |
5730de3fb54a4f140068ccb5 | In what year did the Varangians impose tribute from the Slavic and Finnic? | 859 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAccording to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebel... |
5730de3fb54a4f140068ccb6 | In what year did the Slavic and Finnic tribes rebel againts the Varangians? | 862 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nAccording to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebel... |
5730df1ab54a4f140068ccba | What were the names of the three brothers that rulled Novgotod, Beloozero, and Izborsk? | Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him f... |
5730df1ab54a4f140068ccbb | Whoch of the three brothers become the sole ruller over all three of the teritories? | Rurik | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him f... |
5730df1ab54a4f140068ccbc | What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men? | Kiev | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him f... |
5730e0b8b54a4f140068ccc0 | Between what years did Askold and Dir continued to attack Kiev? | 863–66 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the \"universal\" devastation of ... |
5730e0b8b54a4f140068ccc1 | What did the attack between Rus and Byzantines lead to? | Patriarch to send missionaries north to engage | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the \"universal\" devastation of ... |
5730e0b8b54a4f140068ccc2 | Wat was the purpose of the Patriarch when they were sent north? | to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the \"universal\" devastation of ... |
5730f58e05b4da19006bcc98 | When did Ruik past away? | 879 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and D... |
5730f58e05b4da19006bcc99 | When Rurik past away, who took over? | Prince Oleg | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and D... |
5730f58e05b4da19006bcc9a | Who declared Kiev "The mother of Rus citis'? | Prince Oleg | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and D... |
5730f58e05b4da19006bcc9b | What year did Oleg conquer the Drevlians? | 883 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nRurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and D... |
573104be497a881900248af9 | Why did the Kievan state prosper? | abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Vol... |
573104be497a881900248afa | How many trade routes did the Kievan state control? | three | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Vol... |
573104be497a881900248afb | Which route was a central post in Kiev? | Dnieper route | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Vol... |
573104be497a881900248afc | What other means of pay when purchasing items may have been in place? | money-lending system | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Vol... |
5731075905b4da19006bccee | What led to constant problems with the Khazars? | rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs.... |
5731075905b4da19006bccef | Which area did the Khazars rule over? | Black Sea steppe | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs.... |
5731075905b4da19006bccf0 | Who were allies with the Khazars? | Byzantine Empire | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs.... |
5731075905b4da19006bccf1 | Who were common enimies to both the Khazars and Byzantine Empire? | Persians and Arabs | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs.... |
5731090ca5e9cc1400cdbbb9 | What did the Byzantine empire use to expand its political influence? | turmoil | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Byzantine Empire was able to take advantage of the turmoil to expand its political influence and commercial relationships, first with the Khazars and later with the Rus' and other steppe groups. The Byzantines established the Theme of Cherson, formally known as Klimata, in the Crimea in the 83... |
5731090ca5e9cc1400cdbbba | What teritory did the Byzantine empire hit first with their political beliefs? | Khazars | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Byzantine Empire was able to take advantage of the turmoil to expand its political influence and commercial relationships, first with the Khazars and later with the Rus' and other steppe groups. The Byzantines established the Theme of Cherson, formally known as Klimata, in the Crimea in the 83... |
5731090ca5e9cc1400cdbbbb | What did the Byzantines help the Khazars with? | build a fortress at Sarkel | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe Byzantine Empire was able to take advantage of the turmoil to expand its political influence and commercial relationships, first with the Khazars and later with the Rus' and other steppe groups. The Byzantines established the Theme of Cherson, formally known as Klimata, in the Crimea in the 83... |
57310bd705b4da19006bcd22 | What led to Khazar having to put more strain on its military? | expansion of the Rus | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade. In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as va... |
57310bd705b4da19006bcd23 | Who led the war on Dniester and Dnieper? | Oleg | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade. In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as va... |
57310bd705b4da19006bcd24 | What year were the Magyars and Pechenges drug into the war? | 894 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade. In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as va... |
57310bd705b4da19006bcd25 | What year did the Rus raid Baku, Gilan,Mazandaran, and Caucasus? | 913 | [
"Kievan_Rus%27\n\nThe expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade. In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as va... |
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