Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
57327732b9d445190005eb3f	What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism?	human beings	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated ac...
57327732b9d445190005eb40	What is a common tenant of humanism?	freedom and progress	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated ac...
57327732b9d445190005eb41	These days humanism could be viewed as a form of what?	secularism	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated ac...
57327732b9d445190005eb42	What can be credited for the changes in the definition of humanism?	intellectual movements	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated ac...
57327732b9d445190005eb43	Instead of turning to a spiritual or divine source practicers of humanism turn to what?	science	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated ac...
57327819e99e3014001e67ca	What was humanism once considered the same as?	philanthropy	[ "Humanism\n\nGellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might ca...
57327819e99e3014001e67cb	Who has disagreed with this connotation of the word?	Gellius	[ "Humanism\n\nGellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might ca...
57327819e99e3014001e67cc	In which period did Gellius gain fame?	Italian Renaissance	[ "Humanism\n\nGellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might ca...
57327819e99e3014001e67cd	Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas commonplace?	Cicero	[ "Humanism\n\nGellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might ca...
57327819e99e3014001e67ce	What is the characteristic that most separates humans from animals?	speech	[ "Humanism\n\nGellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might ca...
573278c8e99e3014001e67d4	At the time of the French Revolution what previous focus of humanism was removed?	supernatural	[ "Humanism\n\nDuring the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-n...
573278c8e99e3014001e67d5	Protestantism differs from Humanism in its focus is on what?	supernatural	[ "Humanism\n\nDuring the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-n...
573278c8e99e3014001e67d6	What do current tenants humanism have their origins in?	18th-century Enlightenment	[ "Humanism\n\nDuring the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-n...
573278c8e99e3014001e67d7	What was a name for humanism believers who emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?	Religious Humanism	[ "Humanism\n\nDuring the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-n...
5732793be99e3014001e67dc	In what year did the term humanism gain yet another layer of meaning?	1808	[ "Humanism\n\nIn 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word \"humanism\" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained un...
5732793be99e3014001e67dd	Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a home in the English language?	Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer	[ "Humanism\n\nIn 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word \"humanism\" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained un...
5732793be99e3014001e67de	Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?	Georg Voigt	[ "Humanism\n\nIn 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word \"humanism\" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained un...
5732793be99e3014001e67df	What nation was highly receptive to the new definition of this concept?	Italy	[ "Humanism\n\nIn 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word \"humanism\" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained un...
57327a00e17f3d140042299d	During which period was the philosophy of humanism next updated?	French Enlightenment	[ "Humanism\n\nBut in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of \"The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will v...
57327a00e17f3d140042299e	What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?	idolatry of humanity	[ "Humanism\n\nBut in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of \"The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will v...
57327a00e17f3d140042299f	Who continued to support the belief system despite its critics?	liberal reformers and radicals	[ "Humanism\n\nBut in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of \"The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will v...
57327a00e17f3d14004229a0	Who felt that humanism would surely be a major "religion" today?	Ernest Renan	[ "Humanism\n\nBut in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of \"The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will v...
57327a72e17f3d14004229a5	What was the main difference between humanism and the religions of the time?	centred on humankind	[ "Humanism\n\nAt about the same time, the word \"humanism\" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German gov...
57327a72e17f3d14004229a6	What well known socialist adopted the usage of this term in Germany?	Karl Marx	[ "Humanism\n\nAt about the same time, the word \"humanism\" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German gov...
57327a72e17f3d14004229a7	Who did benevolent believers in humanism turn to for ideas about the philosophy?	Greek philosophers	[ "Humanism\n\nAt about the same time, the word \"humanism\" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German gov...
57327a72e17f3d14004229a8	Where did the learned believers place their focus?	linguistic and cultural disciplines	[ "Humanism\n\nAt about the same time, the word \"humanism\" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German gov...
57327ad70fdd8d15006c6af9	Which ancient text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?	Gathas of Zarathustra	[ "Humanism\n\nAnother instance of ancient humanism as an organised system of thought is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra, composed between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE in Greater Iran. Zarathustra's philosophy in the Gathas lays out a conception of humankind as thinking beings dignified with choice and agency according to ...
57327ad70fdd8d15006c6afb	When was this writing penned?	afterlife	[ "Humanism\n\nAnother instance of ancient humanism as an organised system of thought is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra, composed between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE in Greater Iran. Zarathustra's philosophy in the Gathas lays out a conception of humankind as thinking beings dignified with choice and agency according to ...
57327ad70fdd8d15006c6afc	What well know scholar was inspired by Humanism?	Voltaire	[ "Humanism\n\nAnother instance of ancient humanism as an organised system of thought is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra, composed between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE in Greater Iran. Zarathustra's philosophy in the Gathas lays out a conception of humankind as thinking beings dignified with choice and agency according to ...
57327bd90fdd8d15006c6b01	Who was known as being a founder of humanism thought in China?	Yellow Emperor	[ "Humanism\n\nIn China, Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor.[citation needed] Sage kings such as Yao and Shun are humanistic figures as recorded.[citation needed] King Wu of Zhou has the famous saying: \"Humanity is the Ling (efficacious essence) of the world (among all).\" Among them Duke of Z...
57327bd90fdd8d15006c6b03	What early adopter and developer of is associated with Confucianism?	Book of History	[ "Humanism\n\nIn China, Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor.[citation needed] Sage kings such as Yao and Shun are humanistic figures as recorded.[citation needed] King Wu of Zhou has the famous saying: \"Humanity is the Ling (efficacious essence) of the world (among all).\" Among them Duke of Z...
57327bd90fdd8d15006c6b04	Who is known for the thought that humanity is the most important thing in the world?	Wu of Zhou	[ "Humanism\n\nIn China, Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor.[citation needed] Sage kings such as Yao and Shun are humanistic figures as recorded.[citation needed] King Wu of Zhou has the famous saying: \"Humanity is the Ling (efficacious essence) of the world (among all).\" Among them Duke of Z...
57327c59b9d445190005eb49	When were humanism beliefs mixed with another philosophy by a Taoist thinker?	6th century BCE	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also ...
57327c59b9d445190005eb4a	What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that focused on ethics?	Silver Rule of Confucianism	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also ...
57327c59b9d445190005eb4b	Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods?	Ji Liang	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also ...
57327c59b9d445190005eb4c	Where could you read this information?	Zuo Zhuan	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also ...
57327d020fdd8d15006c6b09	Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?	Thales of Miletus	[ "Humanism\n\n6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomo...
57327d020fdd8d15006c6b0a	Where did this type of thinking next travel to?	Athens	[ "Humanism\n\n6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomo...
57327d020fdd8d15006c6b0b	Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?	Democritus	[ "Humanism\n\n6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomo...
57327d020fdd8d15006c6b0c	Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?	Epicurus	[ "Humanism\n\n6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomo...
57327da60fdd8d15006c6b25	When did the first wave of Humanism reach Europe?	Middle Ages and the Early Modern period	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The 19th-century German historian Georg Voigt (1827–91) identified Petrarch as the first Renaissance humanist. Paul Johnson agrees that Petrarch was \"the first to put into words the notion...
57327da60fdd8d15006c6b26	Who was thought to be the original believer of humanism in of the Renaissance period?	Petrarch	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The 19th-century German historian Georg Voigt (1827–91) identified Petrarch as the first Renaissance humanist. Paul Johnson agrees that Petrarch was \"the first to put into words the notion...
57327da60fdd8d15006c6b28	The study and following of classical writers was said to be a solution to what issue?	Cicero	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The 19th-century German historian Georg Voigt (1827–91) identified Petrarch as the first Renaissance humanist. Paul Johnson agrees that Petrarch was \"the first to put into words the notion...
57327e1757eb1f1400fd2d30	What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all?	the Jewish Kabbalah	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal a...
57327e1757eb1f1400fd2d32	Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?	era of universal agreement	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal a...
57327e1757eb1f1400fd2d33	What cities may have influenced the beliefs of Gemistus Pleto?	Florence, Venice, and Rome	[ "Humanism\n\nIn the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal a...
57327ed206a3a419008aca89	How were humanist able to identify the development of humanist thought?	Latin literary texts	[ "Humanism\n\nThe humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking ...
57327ed206a3a419008aca8a	What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?	Patristic literature	[ "Humanism\n\nThe humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking ...
57327ed206a3a419008aca8b	If your were unsure of the authenticity of an ancient text how could you verify it?	philology	[ "Humanism\n\nThe humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking ...
57327ed206a3a419008aca8d	What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?	Greek manuscripts	[ "Humanism\n\nThe humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking ...
57327f3657eb1f1400fd2d39	When are these texts first able to reach a large amount of people?	Erasmus	[ "Humanism\n\nAfter 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin trans...
57327f3657eb1f1400fd2d3a	Erasmus can be said to have lit the match that sparked a radical change in thinking in his era along with who?	Lefèvre d'Étaples	[ "Humanism\n\nAfter 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin trans...
57327f3657eb1f1400fd2d3b	What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century?	the Bible	[ "Humanism\n\nAfter 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin trans...
5732813857eb1f1400fd2d4a	What author had a great impact in Rome?	P. Terentius Afer	[ "Humanism\n\nThe words of the comic playwright P. Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical for...
5732813857eb1f1400fd2d4b	Who was able to spread the idea of equality among all through his words?	Terence	[ "Humanism\n\nThe words of the comic playwright P. Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical for...
5732813857eb1f1400fd2d4c	From where did this school of thought emerge?	the Greeks	[ "Humanism\n\nThe words of the comic playwright P. Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical for...
5732813857eb1f1400fd2d4d	Who again issued the same type of challenge centuries later	Seneca	[ "Humanism\n\nThe words of the comic playwright P. Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical for...
5732813857eb1f1400fd2d4e	What was the name of the main belief Terence offered	universalism	[ "Humanism\n\nThe words of the comic playwright P. Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical for...
573281b0b3a91d1900202de5	Closer examination of what information allowed for further progress in scientific knowledge?	technical writings	[ "Humanism\n\nBetter acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls \"...
573281b0b3a91d1900202de6	Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was not the way to mover forward?	A. C. Crombie	[ "Humanism\n\nBetter acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls \"...
573281b0b3a91d1900202de7	What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject unimportant?	Renaissance humanists	[ "Humanism\n\nBetter acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls \"...
573281b0b3a91d1900202de8	When did even the scholars and professors began to at least end to examine the works of Aristotle?	16th century,	[ "Humanism\n\nBetter acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls \"...
573282b9b9988014000c764a	Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could further art?	Leonardo da Vinci	[ "Humanism\n\nJust as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techni...
573282b9b9988014000c764b	Who helped to further the movement away from Scholasticism of the time?	Juan Luis Vives	[ "Humanism\n\nJust as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techni...
573282b9b9988014000c764c	Where did this initiate?	universities	[ "Humanism\n\nJust as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techni...
573282b9b9988014000c764d	What type of philosophy was essential to this forwarding of thought?	Aristotelian	[ "Humanism\n\nJust as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techni...
5732836406a3a419008acaad	Who was able to reconcile their religious beliefs with those of humanism?	Early humanists	[ "Humanism\n\nEarly humanists saw no conflict between reason and their Christian faith (see Christian Humanism). They inveighed against the abuses of the Church, but not against the Church itself, much less against religion. For them, the word \"secular\" carried no connotations of disbelief – that would come later,...
5732836406a3a419008acaae	What phrase that has come to be associated with a lack of faith was not seen as an issue for Christians?	secular	[ "Humanism\n\nEarly humanists saw no conflict between reason and their Christian faith (see Christian Humanism). They inveighed against the abuses of the Church, but not against the Church itself, much less against religion. For them, the word \"secular\" carried no connotations of disbelief – that would come later,...
5732836406a3a419008acaaf	During what time period did secular have a more neutral connotation?	Renaissance	[ "Humanism\n\nEarly humanists saw no conflict between reason and their Christian faith (see Christian Humanism). They inveighed against the abuses of the Church, but not against the Church itself, much less against religion. For them, the word \"secular\" carried no connotations of disbelief – that would come later,...
5732836406a3a419008acab0	Petrarch felt that although he tried to do his own form of good whose life may have more meaning?	Gherardo	[ "Humanism\n\nEarly humanists saw no conflict between reason and their Christian faith (see Christian Humanism). They inveighed against the abuses of the Church, but not against the Church itself, much less against religion. For them, the word \"secular\" carried no connotations of disbelief – that would come later,...
5732840c06a3a419008acab5	What abolitionist was greatly affected by the writings of Comte?	Harriet Martineau	[ "Humanism\n\nEliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human princ...
5732840c06a3a419008acab6	What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism?	atheistic	[ "Humanism\n\nEliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human princ...
5732840c06a3a419008acab7	What main idea did the English believers of Comte's philosophy take from his writings?	religion of humanity	[ "Humanism\n\nEliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human princ...
5732840c06a3a419008acab8	What currently used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?	altruism	[ "Humanism\n\nEliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human princ...
573284c406a3a419008acac7	What 19th century author associated his works with humanism?	F.C.S. Schiller	[ "Humanism\n\nActive in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work \"humanism\" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey,...
573284c406a3a419008acac8	When was the first public group for Humanist founded?	1929	[ "Humanism\n\nActive in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work \"humanism\" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey,...
573284c406a3a419008acac9	Who created this group?	Charles Francis Potter	[ "Humanism\n\nActive in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work \"humanism\" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey,...
573284c406a3a419008acaca	When did Charles Potter and Clara Potter publish their first writings on Humanism?	1930	[ "Humanism\n\nActive in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work \"humanism\" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey,...
573284fdb3a91d1900202e07	Who wotked with Carl Rogers on humanistic phycology?	Abraham Maslow	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Car...
573284fdb3a91d1900202e08	What is human phycology?	psychological perspective	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Car...
573284fdb3a91d1900202e09	In what century did humanistic phycology rise in prominence?	20th century	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Car...
573284fdb3a91d1900202e0a	They introduced it in response to what?	psychoanalysis	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Car...
5732856957eb1f1400fd2d68	Who became responsible in part for the editing of The New Humanist?	Raymond B. Bragg,	[ "Humanism\n\nRaymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publicat...
5732856957eb1f1400fd2d69	What groups thoughts did he seek to include?	Western Unitarian Conference	[ "Humanism\n\nRaymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publicat...
5732856957eb1f1400fd2d6a	What was the name of the material that was produced from this groups and the opinions of others?	Humanist Manifesto	[ "Humanism\n\nRaymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publicat...
5732856957eb1f1400fd2d6b	How many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented>	15	[ "Humanism\n\nRaymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publicat...
5732860f57eb1f1400fd2d7a	What was the main action of humanism during the Renaissance>	cultural and educational reform	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – \"humanists\". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginnin...
5732860f57eb1f1400fd2d7b	When did a new term for those who followed Humanism emerge?	late fifteenth century	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – \"humanists\". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginnin...
5732860f57eb1f1400fd2d7c	What was the new term for believers of Humanism philosophy?	umanisti	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – \"humanists\". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginnin...
5732860f57eb1f1400fd2d7d	Where was one main concentration of Humanism?	Naples	[ "Humanism\n\nRenaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – \"humanists\". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginnin...
573286cbb3a91d1900202e19	What was it about the utilitatian beliefs that humanism believers did not like?	narrow pedantry	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to vir...
573286cbb3a91d1900202e1a	What group that had been to this point neglected was included in this thought?	women	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to vir...
573286cbb3a91d1900202e1b	What foundation of study allowed for the accomplishment of the goal of a scholarly people?	humanities	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to vir...
573286cbb3a91d1900202e1c	Was the humanism of the time limited to scholars?	pervasive cultural mode	[ "Humanism\n\nHumanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to vir...
57328740b3a91d1900202e21	What is contemporary humanism optimistic about?	capacity of people	[ "Humanism\n\nContemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and re...
57328740b3a91d1900202e22	What is the main goal of humanism optimistic?	human flourishing	[ "Humanism\n\nContemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and re...
57328740b3a91d1900202e23	What is human flourishing?	making life better	[ "Humanism\n\nContemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and re...
57328740b3a91d1900202e24	What doesnt conetemporary humanism believe about human nature?	purely good	[ "Humanism\n\nContemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and re...
573287a106a3a419008acacf	What was included in religious humanism that was similiar to other religion?	religious rituals	[ "Humanism\n\nReligious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
573287a106a3a419008acad0	When did practicers of religious humanism form under the name Humanism?	19th and early 20th centuries	[ "Humanism\n\nReligious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.