Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
573287a106a3a419008acad1	Who founded a religion whose cornerstone was deism?	Jacques Hébert	[ "Humanism\n\nReligious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
573287a106a3a419008acad2	During what time was a religious state replaced in the Notre Dame cathedral with a symbol of Humanism?	1793	[ "Humanism\n\nReligious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
57328842b9988014000c7666	Who was one early naysayer of Humanism?	Ezra Pound	[ "Humanism\n\nPolemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental \"slop\" (Hulme)[citation needed] or \"an old bitch gone in the teeth\" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more ...
57328842b9988014000c7667	What was the main reason they disagreed with the beliefs?	sentimental	[ "Humanism\n\nPolemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental \"slop\" (Hulme)[citation needed] or \"an old bitch gone in the teeth\" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more ...
57328842b9988014000c7668	Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder?	Timothy Laurie	[ "Humanism\n\nPolemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental \"slop\" (Hulme)[citation needed] or \"an old bitch gone in the teeth\" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more ...
57328842b9988014000c7669	Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism?	Kate Soper	[ "Humanism\n\nPolemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental \"slop\" (Hulme)[citation needed] or \"an old bitch gone in the teeth\" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more ...
5732889806a3a419008acae1	In what year was the book humanism published?	1997	[ "Humanism\n\nIn his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics \"humanist anti-humanists\". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of ...
5732889806a3a419008acae2	In what century was the horrific wars?	20th century	[ "Humanism\n\nIn his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics \"humanist anti-humanists\". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of ...
5732889806a3a419008acae3	What is the only alternative to bigotry and persecution on many occasions?	humanism	[ "Humanism\n\nIn his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics \"humanist anti-humanists\". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of ...
5732889806a3a419008acae4	Who wrote the book humanism?	Tony Davies	[ "Humanism\n\nIn his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics \"humanist anti-humanists\". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of ...
5732a488d6dcfa19001e8a58	What allowed for a deeper understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories?	ancient manuscripts	[ "Humanism\n\nThe ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initiall...
5732a488d6dcfa19001e8a59	Who were the Humanists in agreement with about using these manuscripts in their quests for pure Christian living?	Church fathers	[ "Humanism\n\nThe ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initiall...
5732a488d6dcfa19001e8a5a	Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence?	Saint Augustine	[ "Humanism\n\nThe ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initiall...
5732a488d6dcfa19001e8a5b	Who quoted the line of Terence most notably?	Seneca	[ "Humanism\n\nThe ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initiall...
5732a574cc179a14009dabcc	What writing was considered a bridge between two other major writings?	The Age of Reason	[ "Humanism\n\nDavies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as \"the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation\": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians Dav...
5732a574cc179a14009dabcd	Which century was the first writing from?	18th-century	[ "Humanism\n\nDavies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as \"the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation\": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians Dav...
5732a574cc179a14009dabce	Who states imply that humans are their own Gods?	Feuerbach	[ "Humanism\n\nDavies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as \"the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation\": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians Dav...
5732a574cc179a14009dabcf	What was the origin of the second writing?	German	[ "Humanism\n\nDavies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as \"the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation\": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians Dav...
5732884d06a3a419008acad7	The initial state of earth was what?	molten	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732884d06a3a419008acad8	What formed on the outside of the earth after it cooled?	a solid crust	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732884d06a3a419008acad9	How does the mass of the moon compare to earth?	about 10% of the Earth's mass	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732884d06a3a419008acada	What created a primordial atmosphere on earth?	Outgassing and volcanic activity	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732884d06a3a419008acadb	Ice from what source helped to create earths oceans?	comets	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d88	Powerful volcanism contributed to cause early earth to be in what state?	molten	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d89	What occurred in the atmosphere of the earth after the crust was formed?	water began accumulating	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d8a	What size of object may have created the moon?	Mars	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d8b	When water was creating the oceans what was happening to atmospheric water vapor?	Condensing	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nEarth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-siz...
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d90	During what time period was the Archean era?	4,000 to 2,500 million years ago	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activi...
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d91	During what period did the earths crust cooling allow the creation of plates?	Archean	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activi...
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d92	It is believed that a very warm earth would lead to more recycling of what?	crustal material	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activi...
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d93	What might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring?	cratonisation and continent formation	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activi...
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d94	What do some believe accounts for the small amount of Archean rocks?	erosion and subsequent tectonic events	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activi...
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9a	What are Archean rocks composed of, in general?	metamorphized deep-water sediments	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nIn contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic...
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9b	What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks?	Greenstone	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nIn contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic...
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9c	From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?	volcanic island arcs	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nIn contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic...
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9d	Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally?	deep-sea sediments	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nIn contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic...
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9e	What is a greenstone belt?	sutured protocontinents	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nIn contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic...
57328b7c06a3a419008acae9	During what time period did the Proterozoic era occur?	2,500 to 541 million years ago	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furt...
57328b7c06a3a419008acaea	What era came before the Proterozoic era?	Archean	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furt...
57328b7c06a3a419008acaeb	In what type of sea did typical Proterozoic geology come to be?	shallow epicontinental seas	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furt...
57328b7c06a3a419008acaec	What type of continental behavior was unique to the Proterozoic?	rapid continental accretion	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furt...
57328b7c06a3a419008acaed	What is the name for the large super continent that broke apart 750 million years ago?	Rodinia	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furt...
57328bf706a3a419008acaf3	During what period was the Paleozoic era?	541 to 252 million years ago	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of ...
57328bf706a3a419008acaf4	How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era?	six	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of ...
57328bf706a3a419008acaf5	The Permian is an example of what?	geologic periods	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of ...
57328bf706a3a419008acaf6	After what continental event did the Paleozoic begin?	breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of ...
57328bf706a3a419008acaf7	What continent was formed at the end of the Paleozoic?	Pangaea	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of ...
57328cb6b9988014000c766e	At what rough time did the Cambrian era start?	541.0 ± 1.0 Ma.	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shal...
57328cb6b9988014000c766f	What were the continents of the Cambrian area believed to have formerly been a part of?	Pannotia	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shal...
57328cb6b9988014000c7670	What continent moved to the southern-most part of the earth in the Cambrian era?	Gondwana	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shal...
57328cb6b9988014000c7671	What continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the Cambrian?	Panthalassa	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shal...
57328cb6b9988014000c7672	Baltica and Sibera are examples of what thing, during the Cambrian era?	independent continents	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shal...
57328db8b9988014000c7678	How long ago did the Ordovician period begin?	485.4 ± 1.9 Ma.	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatori...
57328db8b9988014000c7679	Which event precipitated the Ordovician period?	the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatori...
57328db8b9988014000c767a	What was the name of the large southernmost continent during the Ordovician?	Gondwana	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatori...
57328db8b9988014000c767b	Which ocean decreased in size with the movement of Baltica in the Ordovician?	Iapetus Ocean	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatori...
57328db8b9988014000c767c	What continent fractured off Gondwana in the direction of Laurentia?	Avalonia	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatori...
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da4	What type of climate was normal in the Ordovician period?	stable greenhouse conditions	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen ...
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da5	What ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the Ordovician period?	the Hirnantian faunal stage	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen ...
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da6	Oxygen from what kind of fossil were used to date the Hirnantian faunal stage?	brachiopods	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen ...
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da7	How many years is the Hirnantian faunal stage believed to have lasted?	0.5 to 1.5 million years	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen ...
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da8	What started to develop on Gondwana as it moved over the south pole?	ice caps	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen ...
57328f64b9988014000c7682	When was the Silurian period believed to have begun?	443.8 ± 1.5 Ma.	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovic...
57328f64b9988014000c7683	Compared to the Ordovician glaciation, how big were the ice caps on Gondwana during the Silurian?	less extensive	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovic...
57328f64b9988014000c7684	What did the melting of ice on Gondwana add to?	a rise in sea levels	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovic...
57328f64b9988014000c7685	Which supercontinent formed during the Silurian?	Euramerica	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovic...
57328f64b9988014000c7686	Which ocean ranged the majority of the northern hemisphere in the Silurian period?	Panthalassa	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovic...
573295af0d034c1900ab002b	During what time period was the Devonian era?	419 to 359 Ma.	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into th...
573295af0d034c1900ab002c	Which continent was formed from the meeting of Laurentia and Baltica?	Euramerica (or Laurussia)	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into th...
573295af0d034c1900ab002d	Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period?	Old Red Sandstone	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into th...
573295af0d034c1900ab002e	Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on Pangaea during the Devonian?	the northern Appalachian Mountains	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into th...
573295af0d034c1900ab002f	What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period?	Panthalassa	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into th...
573296cbb4fa5219003da0da	What occurred to the level of the sea when the Devonian period was finished?	A global drop	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nA global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the ...
573296cbb4fa5219003da0db	During which period were epicontinental seas created?	Carboniferous	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nA global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the ...
573296cbb4fa5219003da0dc	What was on the land at 30 degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period?	lush coal swamps	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nA global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the ...
573296cbb4fa5219003da0dd	What was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the Carboniferous period?	a major marine extinction	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nA global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the ...
573296cbb4fa5219003da0de	The Pennsylvania period is separated by the drop in Carboniferous era sea levels from what other period?	Mississippian Period	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nA global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the ...
5732978b0342181400a20289	What geologic events took place when Pangea combined during the Carboniferous?	mountain building	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. T...
5732978b0342181400a2028a	What was the continent that came to be North America and Europe called during the Carboniferous?	Laurussia	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. T...
5732978b0342181400a2028b	What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America?	the Alleghenian orogeny	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. T...
5732978b0342181400a2028c	The mountains forming to the southwest of the Appalachians in the Carboniferous are known as what?	the Ouachita Mountains	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. T...
5732978b0342181400a2028d	Which two large oceans existed during the Carboniferous period?	the Panthalassa and Paleo-Tethys	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Carboniferous was a time of active mountain building, as the supercontinent Pangea came together. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. T...
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1c	What supercontinent prevailed during the Permian era?	Pangaea	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Pant...
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1d	What was the largest ocean during the Permian called?	Panthalassa	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Pant...
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1e	There was an ocean between Gondwana and Asia in the Permian, what was it?	Paleo-Tethys Ocean	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Pant...
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a1f	The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys?	Cimmeria	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Pant...
57329c6ed6dcfa19001e8a20	During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant?	the Mesozoic Era	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Pant...
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a30	Which ocean name is translated to mean "all the sea?"	Panthalassa	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa (\"all the sea\"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting du...
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a31	What process obscures information aboutt he ocean during the Triassic period from inspection?	subduction of oceanic plates	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa (\"all the sea\"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting du...
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a32	What was occurring to Pangaea in the late Triassic?	Pangaea was rifting	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa (\"all the sea\"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting du...
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a33	Which sediements in the US are an indication of the break up of Pangaea?	Newark Supergroup	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa (\"all the sea\"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting du...
57329d46d6dcfa19001e8a34	What type of terrestrial animals are found from the Triassic period?	terrestrial vertebrates	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa (\"all the sea\"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting du...
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3a	During what years was the Jurassic period?	201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma.	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what ...
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3b	Which supercontinent came apart in the Jurassic period?	Pangaea	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what ...
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3c	The Gulf of Mexico formed in the rift between North America and what other land mass?	Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what ...
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3d	At what point did the South Atlantic ocean begin to open?	Cretaceous Period	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what ...
5732a0bad6dcfa19001e8a3e	Which late Jurassic cultural sites are famous in Europe?	lagerstätten of Holzmaden and Solnhofen	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nThe Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what ...
5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a44	The current continents were formerly known as what continent?	Pangaea	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun durin...
5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a45	Which oregenies followed the Nevadan in the Cretaceous?	Sevier and Laramide	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun durin...
5732a189d6dcfa19001e8a46	South America was formerly which continent?	Gondwana	[ "Geological_history_of_Earth\n\nDuring the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun durin...

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