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girls, aged 8 to 17 years) had 20 pheochromocytomas treated over a 36-year period from 1959 to 1995 inclusive. Nine patients had 11 tumors before 1980; 5 children had 9 tumors up to 1987. There were no new children with pheochromocytomas at our hospital from 1988 to 1995. Hypertension, sweating, |
headache, and visual blurring were the most common symptoms and signs (average 5 months). The most reliable biochemical investigations were the urinary catecholamines and norepinephrine. Before 1980, intravenous pyelography and angiography were most successful in localizing the tumor, but since then ultrasonography and... |
of choice. Early involvement of the anesthesiologist in the preoperative control of the hypertension is essential; blood pressure (BP) control was achieved with phenoxybenzamine. The main anesthetic drugs used were: sodium thiopental, fentanyl, methoxyflurane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and metocurine. Sixteen tumors w... |
1 extradural). All except 2 tumors were completely resected; they ranged in size from 1.3 to 14 cm. Ligation of the tumor's venous drainage was usually associated with a sudden, temporary fall in systemic BP. There were 2 children with malignant tumors. Four patients had five recurrences (second pheochromocytoma) withi... |
6 years, and all were heralded by a return of their original symptoms and signs. One girl was left with no adrenal tissue. The only complication was in a boy with a large, partly-resected malignant right adrenal tumor who had a subphrenic abscess drained and was left with a temporary |
bile fistula, cirrhosis, and chronic pain. All children were normotensive when discharged from hospital and remain alive and well with a follow-up of 7 to 36 years. There were no deaths. Long-term follow-up is essential. Rights and Permissions Citation: Pediatr Surg Int. 1997;12(8):595-8. DOI: 10.1007/s003830050218 |
Monday, April 2, 2012 - 15:31 in Earth & Climate Corals may be better placed to cope with the gradual acidification of the world's oceans than previously thought – giving rise to hopes that coral reefs might escape climatic devastation. - Corals 'could survive a more acidic ocean'Mon, 2 Apr |
2012, 10:11:13 EDT - Studies shed light on collapse of coral reefsThu, 28 May 2009, 14:26:24 EDT - Acid oceans demand greater reef careMon, 14 Feb 2011, 10:03:09 EST - Rising Co2 'will hit coral reefs harder'Tue, 28 Oct 2008, 10:44:19 EDT - New ocean acidification study shows added danger |
A great Czech composer, Bedrich Smetana had a significant influence on the creation of artistic and musical nationalism in his native country. Smetana was one of the founders of the |
Czech national opera. In his operas and symphonic poems Smetana used the national legends, history and ideas. Smetana’s style was very original and often very dramatic. Smetana became deaf, but |
Written for Political Science 101 last term at the University of Waterloo. Node your homework they said... Democracy is more than an election every few years, a familiar process removed from the daily grind until it comes time to tick a small box on a larger piece of paper. It is instead more about people than protocol... |
see it in terms of an ideal to which our institutions and practices strive towards, rather than the view that these infrastructures come about as a result of this intangible juggernaut of democracy. Democracy is not a construct of man, it is instead a set of ideals and values we seek. The typical citizen of a liberal d... |
say about democracy except when confronted by “man on the street” interviews or whenever your particular national holiday rolls around. This apathy is not a result of genuine malice, but more a testament to the fact that our particular implementation of the idea of democracy works so well it is almost transparent. No m... |
in black come to “talk” to him in the early hours of the morning. His roads, sewer, electricity and television hum day and night without losing a beat. In a more direct sense, his government functions properly and does not become a burden to him. The pleasant life he leads is a direct result of a democratic society fun... |
very right as a citizen of this society to ignore it on a daily basis. This individualistic view of democracy cannot hold in all situations. It works for general day to day circumstances, however even the most right-wing of individualist thinkers holds a belief that under certain circumstances, citizens have a duty to ... |
such as paying taxes or voting, or extreme, such as defending one’s nation. All have a common thread, that which citizens as a member of a state have certain natural duties. Democracy cannot exist without its members participating in it, this is a fundamental requirement. These natural duties may vary from time to time... |
capacity or another. Democracy is based upon many citizens performing small duties, instead of a small group of citizens controlling many responsibilities. The concept of working together is one that democracy builds itself upon. Democracy is the rule of the people, not a person. It fulfills the innate human need to gu... |
ballot. The fact that democracy is based on such emotionally appealing ideas should give you some conception as to the reasons for its success. Hobbes may have argued that we need someone to control us, but in the end, what we all really want is to control ourselves. The fact that democracy is able to take a selfish de... |
control the state, and turn it into a government which acts for the good of all is further evidence as to the robustness of the democratic ideal. Democracy is an enduring dream, contrary to the doomed wunderkinds of communism and other governments based on theory not practice. While superior in their vision of a utopia... |
people tend to run toward the jerk side of the personality scale. Communism without greed would indeed be utopia but the real world runs up against tangible problems with this. You cannot remove greed from a man by political posturing no more than you can paint stripes on a horse and call it a zebra. It may pass on fir... |
comes down to the most basic of things, you tend to run into a few problems. The reason democracy works in the physical realm is it engages in political judo, in that it takes men’s selfishness and desires, parries them into another direction unpredicted by the man, all with the full momentum of his swing still behind ... |
Greeks to this present day for this very reason. The initial view of democracy as we know it was conceived by the Greeks, however the practical application of democracy we have today is drastically different from their view. Initially it was the concept that every citizen (citizens being of course aristocratic males) w... |
we have a different conception of this democratic ideal. Pure practicality dictates that we cannot have the entire community attempt to come to a conclusion on issues addressed by the state. This was practical in the Greek age where a manageable number would discuss the issues of the day, but this is not feasible in th... |
measured in billions. The fundamental thing to remember however is that the ideal of democracy survives between this gulf of years and culture. This romanticism of democracy is the root of its power. The society we live in values the ideals held by the democratic system, and as such we accept it as a ruling influence i... |
the Prime Minister being a “public servant”. Only in the strictest most idealistic sense is he a genuine servant of the people; however we call him such without a hint of irony as we value the democratic ideal so highly. All politicians are crooks we tell each other, yet we keep on voting. Why, when we so enthusiastica... |
the world who embezzle funds? The answer lies in that we see democracy as striving toward an ideal. No man is perfect, but they’re working on it. This contradiction between reality and the psyche is at the heart of any power, and in Western countries it is what tells us that democracy is the cure for all that ills a st... |
to democracy. Democracy brings us together we are told, it is the great equalizer. All men are born equal, none shall be held in higher esteem than another. One citizen shall have one vote. All say that the members of a democratic state are inherently equal. On the other hand we have Canada, a liberal democratic societ... |
but has an official policy to address it. Differences are encouraged, and any attempt to insinuate that we should all become equal is dismissed as right-wing xenophobia. Where then is the balance? Democracy gives us equality, but it also gives us the right to be different. It is the fine line between the two, a tightro... |
swing too far one way or the other, lest the acrobat be unset and come crashing down. The democratic ideal allows us to weigh multiculturalism and its variants against solidarity and never find a clear winner. It allows us to value them equally, as this is the ultimate measure of equality. Equality can lead to problems... |
“most equal”. A tyranny of the majority is completely democratic in the most literal sense of the word in that the majority chooses for it to be so, however it is unpalatable to many in our society. This is due to the fact that we see democracy in more than just the literal sense, we see it as a shining ideal. This ide... |
not allow trampling of minority rights, and as discussed before, the ideal of democracy is the fine balance between differences and solidarity. As such we cannot allow this tyranny, permitted as it is in a literal interpretation of a democratic society. The democratic ideal implies compassion and empathy, more than jus... |
this idea of not allowing technicalities and numbers to become the ruling force instead of a vision of participation by all. Common occurrences such as majority governments being elected by a minority as seen as undemocratic, even though in the strictest sense they follow literal democracy. If your system is built upon... |
regions, this is particularly apparent. The recent Florida fiasco in the American elections is a particularly apt example of this. Counting non-participating voters and the popular vote, a leader was elected who received far less support from his citizens than a majority. While seen as undemocratic and a travesty, at t... |
of democracy. We instead view democracy as an ideal not a construct. It is not a point by point leaflet we can airdrop over dictatorships, but instead an attitude that results from culture and history. It is a result of directing people’s desires toward solidarity, and at the same time respecting differences. While at ... |
Successful Study Skills 4 Students is now offering two free and original eBooks, Successfully Transitioning to Middle School and Successfully Transitioning to High School, available as a download on the S4 website. “It’s impossible to measure the potential impact a |
positive transition can have on a student’s future academic performance.”, said Michelle Sagalyn, President of S4 Study Skills. “A successful transition can have a ripple effect throughout a student’s entire academic career.” The challenges these transitions bring are not limited |
just to learning an advanced curriculum, or acclimating to a new environment. At the core is the need for students to assume a greater responsibility and role for their own educational experience. The skills that enabled excellent academic performance in |
the primary or middle school years are not enough to power students through the transition to the next level. New middle schoolers are confronted with some dramatic changes that can be intimidating without preparation. Instead of relying one teacher, students |
now need to develop the ability to cultivate and integrate the resources of several teachers. Good reading skills aren’t enough anymore – the focus shifts to applying logic and reason to understand and use the course material. S4’s Successfully Transitioning |
to Middle School explores four critical skill areas that can help students navigate these important changes successfully: self-advocacy, active learning, organization and planning, and confidence. Discover how by signing up for the e-book here. The realization that academic performance really |
starts to count in high school comes as a wake-up call to many students entering their first year. There’s more homework, the requirements are stiffer, and the options for extracurricular activities multiply. In a word, it’s not so easy anymore! |
S4’s Successfully Transitioning to High School reveals the 5 key skills that can help students manage the transition effectively – and help them thrive throughout their high school academic career. These skills include: goal setting, time management, planners, active learning |
and take responsibility. Register and receive your copy here. Successful Study Skills 4 Students, LLC, a leading area resource for improving performance in secondary education, believes that the deployment of these critical skills, in conjunction with focus and discipline, provides |
Speaking to the National Academy of Sciences on Education and 21st Century American Agriculture, U.S. Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns addressed the future of farming in the U.S. One of the agriculture community's greatest challenges, he says, is to inspire young people to pursue agricultural careers. First, Johanns ... |
have a sense of where food comes from, and most kids have no idea how sophisticated this industry has become and how much lies before us in the future," Johanns says. In the 2002 Census of Agriculture, the average age of U.S. principal farm operators was 55.3. With the average farm operator just below retirement age an... |
sciences, Johanns points out the need for a new generation of science-oriented agricultural workers. "Many of the young people who will replace these retirees are already here in our educational system, and many are not studying science and they are certainly not studying the agricultural sciences," Johanns says. We al... |
The Open Tree of Life: toward a global synthesis of phylogenetic knowledge 2013 REU Project: In the field of systematic biology, scientists study species of all kinds to determine how one is related to another by evolutionary descent. In other |
words, they are trying to reconstruct the great Tree of Life -- the branching genealogy of all species, traced all the way back to a single common ancestor. (The scientific term for 'Tree of Life' is 'phylogeny'.) Individual scientists typically |
have expertise in only one or a few branches on the tree -- for instance, one might study dung beetles, while another studies venus flytraps. Every year, experts like these publish thousands of scientific papers describing new phylogenetic trees for |
different group of organisms: clams, birds, mushrooms, and so on. However, these newly discovered trees are generally recorded simply as figures embedded in the pages of scientific journals. The Open Tree of Life project seeks to extract all these trees |
from the literature and graft them together by entering them into a common database. This will enable computational analyses that will produce, for the first time, an estimate of the Tree of Life that includes all species ever studied. Research |
methods and techniques: interns on this project will learn how to download data sets of DNA sequences, perform phylogenetic analyses, and interpret the results. They will also have the opportunity to learn basic computer programming and Linux shell computing, or |
advance their current knowledge of these topics. Their contributions will be recorded in a public database for posterity. It is perfect fit for anyone interested in both biology and computers. Curator/Advisor: Dr. Richard Ree (Curator, Botany) |
Synopsis of Philippine Mammals To explore the Synopsis of Philippine Mammals, click here. To explore the Supplement to the Synopsis of Philippine Mammals, click here. The mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands is remarkably diverse and species-rich, comprising what may |
be the greatest concentration of endemic mammals of any country on earth. Since 1988, the Field Museum of Natural History has been the primary base of operations for the Philippine Mammal Project, a multi-institutional, international collaborative effort to document the |
number of species that are present, the distributions of those species, their relationships within the tree of life, their ecology, and their conservation status. This website, the Synopsis of Philippine Mammals, is a summary of the information that is currently |
available. The website was first implemented in 2002, using information from the 1998 publication by Heaney et al., entitled “A Synopsis of the Mammalian Fauna of the Philippine Islands”. The Synopsis website was extensively revised and expanded in 2010, in |
order to incorporate extensive new data, include more photographs, and provide detailed maps of the known distribution of each species. To keep the website up to date, as additional species are discovered and formally described, or species of marine mammals |
are documented in Philippine waters for the first time, we add them to the Supplement, and will eventually merge these into the main site once site maintenance has been completed. As documented on this website, the terrestrial fauna is now |
known to include at least 214 native species (plus seven introduced species), in an area of only a bit over 300,000 square kilometers, one of the highest densities of native mammals in the world. Moreover, most of the species are |
found nowhere else: of the 214 native terrestrial species, 125 (58%) are endemic, and among the 111 non-flying native mammals, 101 (91%) are unique to the Philippines. They constitute an astounding example of adaptive radiation by mammals in an oceanic |
archipelago, and may justifiably serve as a source of great pride to the Philippine nation. This website has been developed as a collaborative project with the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. |
Primary funding for its development has come from the Negaunee Foundation. Explore our Philippine mammal project further: Videos from the Abbott Hall of Conservation-Restoring Earth: Mammal Discoveries in the Philippines Why Mossy Forests in the Philippines are important Island Evolution: |
Why islands have so many endemic species Science at FMNH: Mammal Conservation in Island Ecosystems The Field Revealed: Cloud Rat (Above photo by LR Heaney. Musseromys gulantang from Quezon Province, Luzon Island, Philippines.) |
Battles - The Siege of Kut-al-Amara, 1916 Following the signal (and, to the British at least, unexpected) failure of the Anglo-Indian attack upon Ctesiphon in November 1915 Sir Charles Townshend led his infantry force, the 6th (Poona) Division, on a wearisome retreat back to Kut-al-Amara, arriving in early December. Aw... |
stay and hold Kut, a town of key importance to the British presence in the region. In this he was supported by regional Commander-in-Chief Sir John Nixon. The War Office in London however favoured a retreat still further south; however by the time this news reached Townshend he was already under siege. Consequently the... |
River Tigris - was set in train ahead of the arrival of the besieging Turk force of 10,500 men on 7 December. However Kut's very geographical formation in effect meant that Townshend and his men were effectively bottled up. Nevertheless the division's cavalry were despatched back to Basra the day before the arrival of ... |
to prove of little use and yet a drain upon scarce resources during siege operations. Leading the Turks were Nur-Ud-Din and the German commander Baron von der Goltz. Their instructions were straightforward if steep: to force the British entirely from Mesopotamia. Consequently Nur-Ud-Din and von der Goltz attempted to p... |
set about blockading the town while despatching forces to prevent British relief operations from succeeding in reaching Kut. In Britain, as in India, the news of Townshend's setback had stunned the government which resolved to immediately send additional forces to the region, diverted from the Western Front. Considerat... |
expect rapid relief. He himself calculated that there were enough supplies to maintain the garrison for a month (subsequently revised to two months and then to almost five), although this assumed full daily rations. Informed that a relief operation might take two months to assemble Townshend proposed instead breaking o... |
tie up as many Turkish forces as possible. In due course the first British expedition to raise the blockade was set underway from Basra in January 1916, led by Sir Fenton Aylmer. Their efforts were repeatedly repulsed however with heavy loss, at Sheikh Sa'ad, the Wadi and Hanna in January 1916 and again two months late... |
relief operation, this time led by the sceptical Sir George Gorringe. Despite meeting von der Goltz and his Turkish Sixth Army, piercing their line some 30km south of Kut, the expedition ran out of steam and was abandoned on 22 April. With no further hope of relief - a final attempt by the paddle steamer Julnar to reac... |
- Townshend requested and received an armistice pending surrender talks on 26 April. The Turks agreed to send 10 days of food into the garrison while the six-day armistice was in effect. While the talks were in progress the British took the opportunity of destroying anything of value in the town, aware of its imminent ... |
during the relief efforts; the Turks lost approximately 10,000 men. Although Khalil Pasha, Baghdad's military governor, proved sympathetic to Townshend's offer of £1 million plus a guarantee that none of his men would be used again in fighting against the Ottoman Empire - effectively buying parole, he was instructed by... |
on 29 April 1916, the British having run out of food supplies and wracked with disease of epidemic proportions (and with entirely inadequate medical provisioning to meet it). It was the greatest humiliation to have befallen the British army in its history. For the Turks - and for Germany - it proved a significant moral... |
East. Approximately 8,000 Anglo-Indian troops were taken prisoner (many weak through sickness), as was Townshend himself. However whereas he was treated as something of an honoured guest (and ultimately was released to assist with the Ottoman armistice negotiations in October 1918), his men were treated with cruelty an... |
Original image credit: United States Coast Guard What: Blacktip, bonnethead, and bull sharks Where: Four miles south of the Texas coast How: Last month, a US Coast Guard ship from South Padre Island came across an illegal, five-mile long gillnet |
full of dead sharks 17 miles north of the US-Mexico border. Among the casualties were 225 blacktip, 109 bonnethead, and 11 bull sharks. No arrests were made since the boat that set the net was not found. The Story: “Gill |
nets indiscriminately kill any fish or marine mammal it snares across miles of ocean, often leaving much of the catch spoiled by the time it is hauled in,” said Coast Guard Commander Daniel Deptula. Because of their destructive impact on |
fish, turtles and marine mammals, gillnets have been banned in Texas state waters since 1981; however, the Coast Guard recovered 49 miles of them in 2012 and the numbers are on the rise. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department reports |
that incidents of pirate fishing with gillnets off the coast have doubled since 2011. “The seizures are far past any other year in my 16-year career,” said Sgt. James Dunks said. The Coast Guard reports that the illegal nets come |
from Mexican fisherman crossing into the US’s Exclusive Economic Zone to fish because the Mexican fish stocks are so depleted. “Well you get too many people fishing for the same thing, they’re not catching as much, so they’re going to |
search new territory to try to find more fish,” Dunks said. The growing fear is that pirate fishing by gillnets will cause our Gulf of Mexico fish stocks to resemble those of our neighbor to the south. The Coast Guard |
believes that the sharks were destined to be finned, a practice where only the fins are cut off the fish to be sold while the rest of the carcass is tossed back into the sea. What We Can Do: A |
reliable system of seafood traceability would help consumers to avoid pirate fish and put pressure on fishermen and fishing companies worldwide to supply legal, sustainable seafood for US tables. Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing (IUU) doesn’t just happen in remote |
corners of the Pacific; it happens here at home and affects YOUR fish. For now, support local fishermen that are involved in positive fishing practices by doing your homework and asking questions about your favorite seafood. UPDATE: In a separate |
incident, a Mexican fishing boat captain has just plead guilty to charges of failing to “heave to” after ramming a US Coast Guard ship that caught the boat fishing illegally in Texas waters; the captain performed the maneuvers in an |
I. Freedom through Faith and Knowledge The Black church and other faith assemblies have been at the core of the freedom movement since the mid 1800′s. Church provided opportunities to |
gather, and congregations throughout Orange County, black and white, have inspired and perpetuated the freedom movement. Schools for African-American children, often connected with churches, also were part of the freedom |
so-called cowbells, flexatone, brushes, etc – as well as all mutes which turn the noble sound of wind and brass instruments into a Jewish-Freemasonic yowl – so-called wa-wa, hat, etc.” |
1939) – the cave-clubs of Saint Germain dimmed. Montparnasse went quietly. Pigalle’s cosmopolitan nightclubs folded and the Champs-Elysees muted the footlights. In fact, two million Parisians had already left town. |
Many jazz-junkies, gypsies, peddlars of swing, negres – all now in danger of being freighted to their death – considered catching the A-Train elsewhere. Paris was preparing to go underground. |
But the Gestapo went straight to work. Loudspeakers declared a curfew of 8pm. Arrests began. “It is better to be frightened in your country than another one” said Django Reinhardt |
– the most famous jazzman ever to live in the alphabet city. He had good reason to be nervous. A member of the Manouche ‘gypsy’ family – part of the |
French speaking Romany tribe – over one million of his kin would be gone by 1944. Reinhardt would try to escape Paris twice, but be turned back. Instead of escape, |
his gypsy legend grew and in the heart of Nazi Occupied Paris the enduring spirit of jazz took another turn. Django Reinhardt spent his time during the Nazi Occupation oscillating |
between a suite on the Champs Elysee and gypsy encampments. In hotel room circa 1945 with gypsy singer Sonia Dimitrivich. Getty Images. “You who have been to Paris, just imagine |
this picture” wrote LIFE Magazine in 1940. “At the Palace de la Concorde no such merry-go-round of honking autos, screaming news vendors, gesticulating cops, gaily chatting pedestrians. Instead depressing silence, |
broken only now and then by the purr of some German officers motor as it made its way to the Hotel Crillon, headquarters of the hastily set up German commandery. |
On the flagstaff the swastika fluttered in the breeze, where once the Stars and Stripes had been in the days of 1919 when Wilson received the cheers of French crowds |
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