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4b32029b-e544-52c5-88aa-bf9d9bd2f30f | An admixture of room air in the waste gas disposal system during an appendectomy in a paralyzed, mechanically ventilated patient under general volatile anesthesia can best be explained by which mechanism of entry? | Positive-pressure relief valve | Negative-pressure relief valve | Soda lime canister | Ventilator bellows | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
470ce84f-c1a4-52e3-a183-8cfc120637d4 | Automated noninvasive blood pressure (ANIBP) devices calculate which of the following using proprietary algorithms? | Systolic BP | Diastolic BP | Mean arterial BP | Both systolic and diastolic BPs | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
89969c1a-e521-5dab-962c-ab44b1a6903a | Currently, the commonly used vaporizers (e.g., GE-Datex-Ohmeda Tec 4, Tec 5, Tec 7; Dräger Vapor 19.n and 2000 series) are described as having all of the following features EXCEPT | Agent specificity | Variable bypass | Bubble through | Temperature compensated | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a3d7c6a1-bfb0-5a9f-a93a-bb230e770c87 | For any given concentration of volatile anesthetic, the splitting ratio is dependent on which of the following characteristics of that volatile anesthetic? | Vapor pressure | Molecular weight | Specific heat | Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) at 1 atmosphere | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
70639b04-5e60-531a-a5f5-20f35d3c7932 | On Monday morning the absorbent granules in your anesthesia machine, which was not used in the last 48 hours, are violet. In addition to rebreathing CO2 when exhausted, this form of absorbent also carries the risk of | Channeling | Fire | Compound A formation | Carbon monoxide production | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b3431ca2-e226-58af-85a4-203d5a1165f0 | During the pre-anesthesia checkout (PAC) of the anesthesia delivery system, the mounted oxygen E cylinder is shown to have a pressure of 1200 psi. Before proceeding with the next case, the most appropriate action would be: | Leave cylinder valve open and proceed with case | Close cylinder valve and proceed with case | Replace the cylinder, open valve to check pressure, then close and proceed with case | Replace the cylinder, open valve to check pressure, and proceed with case | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
f0d6a408-9188-53f4-abd6-80d2a671d6e9 | ECG monitors utilize high- and low-frequency filters to reduce noise (artifact). Which of the following are reduced with low-frequency filtering? | Muscle fasciculation | Respirations | Tremor | Electromagnetic interference from other devices | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
bc3375b4-a277-5d6e-abce-705a22de466b | If the anesthesia machine is discovered Monday morning to have run with 5 L/min of oxygen all weekend long, the most reasonable course of | Administer 100% oxygen for the first hour of the next case | Place humidifier in line with the expiratory limb | Avoid use of sevoflurane | Change the CO2 absorbent | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
ed79b886-a872-51bf-a98c-ac1c05df8445 | According to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) regulations, the highest concentration of volatile anesthetic contamination allowed in the OR atmosphere when administered in conjunction with N2O is | 0.5 ppm | 2 ppm | 5 ppm | 25 ppm | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
5fce774e-5d25-547d-9f07-7cab05f8c586 | A ventilator pressure-relief valve stuck in the closed position can result in | Barotrauma | Hypoventilation | Hyperventilation | Low breathing circuit pressure | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2b6c2863-e244-5da7-9fe4-1db4f6fecb04 | A mixture of 1% isoflurane, 70% N2O, and 30% O2 is administered to a patient for 30 minutes. The expired isoflurane concentration measured is 1%. N2O is shut off, and a mixture of 30% O2 and 70% N2 with 1% isoflurane is administered. The expired isoflurane concentration measured 1 minute after the start of this new mix... | Intermittent back pressure (pumping effect) | Diffusion hypoxia | Concentration effect | Effect of N2O solubility in isoflurane | 4 | D | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
ae9d262b-5c63-55e1-a240-ae573716b19c | Select the FALSE statement. | If a Magill forceps is used for a nasotracheal intubation, the right nares is preferable for insertion of the nasotracheal tube | Extension of the neck can convert an endotracheal intubation to an endobronchial intubation | Bucking signifies the return of the coughing reflex | Postintubation pharyngitis is more likely to occur in female patients | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
48d78a4e-d5ef-5be7-a8ff-edf70ca3e492 | Gas from an N2O compressed-gas cylinder enters the anesthesia | 60 psi | 45 psi | 30 psi | 15 psi | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f1bddcd5-040f-5c27-bd8c-6f538401cf58 | Eye protection for OR staff is needed when laser surgery is performed. Clear wraparound goggles or glasses are adequate with which kind of | Argon laser | Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser | CO2 laser | None of the above | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
364097ce-88c2-5fd2-ba72-bbabd9d9ccf9 | Which of the following systems prevents attachment of gasadministering equipment to the wrong type of gas line? | Pin index safety system | Diameter index safety system | Fail-safe system | Proportion-limiting control system | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ded20345-c460-5549-979e-607b6777263b | A 59-year-old pacemaker-dependent patient comes to surgery with the pacemaker programmed in the DDD mode. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is scheduled for fragmentation of several 3- to 5-mm kidney stones. What preparation is needed before undertaking ESWL in this setting to avoid inappropriate firing of t... | Program pacemaker to DVI | Program pacemaker to VVI | Program pacemaker to DOO | Proceed with the case | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
6f313712-0226-579e-a0da-d383b96525fe | The dial of an isoflurane-specific, variable bypass, temperaturecompensated, flowover, out-of-circuit vaporizer (i.e., modern vaporizer) is set on 2%, and the infrared spectrometer measures 2% isoflurane vapor from the common gas outlet. The flowmeter is set at a rate of 700 mL/min during this measurement. The output m... | Output will be less than 2% in both cases | Output will be greater than 2% in both cases | Output will be 2% at 100 mL/min O2 flow and less than 2% at 15 L/min flow | Output will be less than 2% at 100 mL/min and 2% at 15 L/min | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
004ccdc1-76b4-5870-bfb2-6a090677dcf6 | Which of the following would result in the greatest decrease in the arterial hemoglobin saturation (Spo2 ) value measured by the dualwavelength pulse oximeter? | Intravenous injection of indigo carmine | Intravenous injection of indocyanine green | Intravenous injection of methylene blue | Elevation of bilirubin | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
631aceab-f2c1-5334-bf7a-e2d1b660c4fc | A 45-year-old patient recovering in the ICU after a motor vehicle accident is continuously being assessed with transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring. Compared with conventional arterial blood gas values, those for transcutaneous oxygen (Ptco2 ) and transcutaneous carbon | Higher (both) | Ptco2 lower, Ptcco2 higher | Ptco2 higher, Ptcco2 lower | Lower (both) | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2da3cfd5-7116-59f0-943a-4f7143cf3ab8 | Which of the following combinations would result in delivery of a lower-than-expected concentration of volatile anesthetic to the patient? | Sevoflurane vaporizer filled with desflurane | Isoflurane vaporizer filled with sevoflurane | Sevoflurane vaporizer filled with isoflurane | All of the above would result in less than the dialed concentration | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
8c7eb745-c647-5cba-8ed6-a2c561fe0496 | A patient presents for knee arthroscopy and tells his anesthesiologist that he has a VDD pacemaker. Select the true statement regarding this pacemaker. | It senses and paces only the ventricle | It paces only the ventricle | Its response to a sensed event is always inhibition | It is not useful in a patient with atrioventricular (AV) nodal block | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b8d65058-3546-5628-a909-7b7778e8304b | All of the following would result in less trace gas pollution of the OR | Use of a high gas flow in a circular system | Tight mask seal during mask induction | Use of a scavenging system | Allow patient to breathe 100% O2 as long as possiblebefore extubation | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
1b3bfa47-8864-5d23-b5fb-b0c928f1d0f0 | The greatest source for contamination of the OR atmosphere is leakage of volatile anesthetics | Around the anesthesia mask | At the vaporizer | At the CO2 absorber | At the endotracheal tube | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
17e61f75-dd3d-5cbb-9a42-2da27e5851eb | Uptake of sevoflurane from the lungs during the first minute of general anesthesia is 50 mL. How much sevoflurane would be taken up from the lungs between the 16th and 36th minutes? | 25 mL | 50 mL | 100 mL | 500 mL | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
9eb127ed-001f-561d-88e5-7c538687b40b | Which of the drugs below would have the LEAST impact on somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) monitoring in a 15-year-old patient undergoing scoliosis surgery? | Midazolam | Propofol | Isoflurane | Vecuronium | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
49cc9efa-d329-531d-9f39-e7fad176ffd6 | Which of the following is NOT found in the low-pressure circuit on an anesthesia machine? | Oxygen supply failure alarm | Flowmeters | Vaporizers | Vaporizer check valve | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7e7089f9-8176-5332-9327-d4f44afc1de1 | Frost develops on the outside of an N2O compressed-gas cylinder during general anesthesia. This phenomenon indicates that | The saturated vapor pressure of N2O within the cylinder israpidly increasing | The cylinder is almost empty | There is a rapid transfer of heat to the cylinder | The flow of N2O from the cylinder into the anesthesiamachine is rapid | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
5b2ec827-cf96-5fa5-9fe7-1e497a4a2465 | The LEAST reliable site for central temperature monitoring is the | PA | Skin on the forehead | Distal third of the esophagus | Nasopharynx | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3feb772f-3dec-57e2-834e-41d94428625b | Of the following medical lasers, which laser light penetrates tissues the most? | Argon laser | Helium–neon laser (He–Ne) | Nd:YAG laser | CO2 laser | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
360450a8-f873-5f10-8d21-a43779fabea5 | Which of the following supraglottic airway devices features a built-in bite block, a channel for nasogastric suctioning, and a cuff modified to extend to the posterior surface of the mask? | LMA Fastrach | LMA Supreme | Air-Q | I-Gel | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7d8264c0-2c82-5eeb-af60-4bd8b917bb2d | The maximum Fio2 that can be delivered by a nasal cannula is | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
107bb364-f889-57e2-a26f-dc00b9ecbaa6 | General anesthesia is administered to an otherwise healthy 38-year-old patient undergoing repair of a right inguinal hernia. During mechanical ventilation, the anesthesiologist notices that the scavenging system reservoir bag is distended during inspiration. The most likely cause of this is | An incompetent pressure-relief valve in the mechanical ventilator | An incompetent pressure-relief valve in the patient's breathing circuit | An incompetent inspiratory unidirectional valve in thepatient's breathing circuit | An incompetent expiratory unidirectional valve in the patient's breathing circuit | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
572f02ba-de95-5737-a7e8-3291c7da8208 | Which color of nail polish would have the greatest effect on the accuracy of dual-wavelength pulse oximeters? | Red | Yellow | Blue | Green | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
d0bd202b-603e-555d-8525-7179470e86aa | Kinking or occlusion of the transfer tubing from the patient's breathing circuit to the closed scavenging system interface can result in | Barotrauma | Hypoventilation | Hypoxia | Hyperventilation | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
b4ff93df-416b-5532-9534-59e2084645d5 | The reason a patient is not burned by the return of energy from the patient to the ESU (electrosurgical unit, Bovie) is that | The coagulation side of this circuit is positive relative to the ground side | Resistance in the patient's body attenuates the energy | The exit current density is much less than…? | The exit current density is much less than that at the handpiece | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6290773c-b47c-51be-b296-88aa959cddc1 | Select the FALSE statement regarding noninvasive arterial BP monitoring devices. | If the width of the BP cuff is too narrow, the measured BPwill be falsely lowered | The width of the BP cuff should be 40% of the circumference of the patient's arm | If the BP cuff is wrapped around the arm too loosely, the measured BP will be falsely elevated | Frequent cycling of automated BP monitoring devices can result in edema distal to the cuff | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
109c7c8f-a0b7-5004-a92e-74416a84fef0 | When electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes are placed for a patient undergoing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which of the following is true? | Electrodes should be as close as possible and in the periphery of the magnetic field | Electrodes should be as close as possible and in the center of the magnetic field | Placement of electrodes relative to field is not important as long as they are far apart | ECG cannot be monitored during an MRI scan | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
16eb4c82-c885-5b70-a789-b86746323c54 | The most frequent cause of mechanical failure of the anesthesia delivery | Attachment of the wrong compressed-gas cylinder to the O2 yoke | Improperly assembled O2 rotameter | Fresh-gas line disconnection from the anesthesia machine to the in-line hosing | Disconnection of the O2 supply system from the patient | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
006fbbbb-5c2b-55a3-ad3a-8e32f16affa4 | The esophageal detector device | Uses a negative-pressure bulb | Is especially useful in children younger than 1 year of age | Requires a cardiac output to function appropriately | Is reliable in morbidly obese patients and parturients | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
5bd4bf86-69ea-529d-bdc6-07dfdeb48ce2 | The reason CO2 measured by capnometer is less than the arterial Paco2 value measured simultaneously is | Use of ion-specific electrode for blood gas determination | Alveolar capillary gradient | One-way values | Alveolar dead space | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
adfbd4b2-db6a-5972-b7de-de785a176f8c | Which of the following arrangements of rotameters on the anesthesia machine manifold is safest with left-to-right gas flow? | \O_{2},\C O_{2},\N_{2}O,\a i r}$$$$\mathrm{ | \CO_{2},\O_{2},\N_{2}O,\a i r}$$$$\mathrm{ | \Air,\CO_{2},\O_{2},\N_{2}O}$$ | Air, CO2 , N2O, O2 | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
4d8f0de9-0395-5d58-a432-ff4bcc57cc62 | A Datex-Ohmeda Tec 4 vaporizer is tipped over while being attached to the anesthesia machine but is placed upright and installed. The soonest it can be safely used is | After 30 minutes of flushing with dial set to "off" | After 6 hours of flushing with dial set to "off" | After 30 minutes with dial turned on | Immediately | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
b691639f-8631-5143-b896-8f0bb7616601 | In the event of misfilling, what percent sevoflurane would be delivered from an isoflurane vaporizer set at 1%? | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
3c1740cb-ff83-5d90-97b8-91ab6617dfa4 | How long would a vaporizer (filled with 150 mL volatile) deliver 2% isoflurane if total flow is set at 4.0 L/min? | 2 hours | 4 hours | 6 hours | 8 hours | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
2be25c7a-66db-588e-b314-00bc274ac0a7 | Raising the frequency of an ultrasound transducer used for line placement or regional anesthesia (e.g., from 3 MHz to 10 MHz) will result in | Higher penetration of tissue with lower resolution | Higher penetration of tissue with higher resolution | Lower penetration of tissue with higher resolution | Higher resolution with no change in tissue penetration | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d4eceaa0-c702-5193-bd2b-ab51d528e8d5 | The fundamental difference between microshock and macroshock is related to | Location of shock | Duration | Voltage | Lethality | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
49b1da00-13c2-5f56-af78-647c15cf379e | Intraoperative awareness under general anesthesia can be eliminated by closely monitoring | Electroencephalogram | BP/heart rate | Bispectral index (BIS) | None of the above | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d1f88d57-e1fb-5106-a0a4-b1a52c9af534 | A mechanically ventilated patient is transported from the OR to the ICU using a portable ventilator that consumes 2 L/min of oxygen to run the mechanically controlled valves and drive the ventilator. The transport cart is equipped with an "E" cylinder with a gauge pressure of 2000 psi. The patient receives a tidal volu... | 20 minutes | 40 minutes | 60 minutes | 80 minutes | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
f96d8ab9-6c9c-5275-9577-254b74e262f6 | A 135-kg man is ventilated at a rate of 14 breaths/min with a VT of 600 mL and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O during a laparoscopic banding procedure. Peak airway pressure is 50 cm H2O, and the patient is fully relaxed with a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. How can peak airway pressur... | Increase the inspiratory flow rate | Take off PEEP | Reduce the I:E ratio (e.g., change from 1:3 to 1:2) | Decrease VT to 300 and increase rate to 28 | 4 | C | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
adbf1178-c312-5575-9a8e-399aee66f9ef | The pressure and volume per minute delivered from the central hospital oxygen supply are | 2100 psi and 650 L/min | 1600 psi and 100 L/min | 75 psi and 100 L/min | 50 psi and 50 L/min | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
03d65210-860d-5cfc-9d87-bc94b7b6fec5 | During normal laminar airflow, resistance is dependent on which characteristic of oxygen? | Density | Viscosity | Molecular weight | Temperature | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
884b6fcf-8dac-51a0-bfee-f1dfc767d2d2 | If the oxygen cylinder were being used as the source of oxygen at a remote anesthetizing location and the oxygen flush valve on an anesthesia machine were pressed and held down, as during an emergency situation, each of the items below would be bypassed during 100% oxygen delivery EXCEPT | O2 flowmeter | First-stage regulator | Vaporizer check valve | Vaporizers | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
24e4d733-353a-541a-a30e-e6f5c1dedc32 | After induction and intubation with confirmation of tracheal placement, the O2 saturation begins to fall. The O2 analyzer shows 4% inspired oxygen. The oxygen line pressure is 65 psi. The O2 tank on the back of the anesthesia machine has a pressure of 2100 psi and is turned on. The oxygen saturation continues to fall. ... | Exchange the tank | Replace pulse oximeter probe | Disconnect O2 line from hospital source | Extubate and start mask ventilation | 4 | C | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
1e874551-a9a5-583e-8cbb-262b8cce8203 | The correct location for placement of the V5 lead is | Midclavicular line, third intercostal space | Anterior axillary line, fourth intercostal space | Midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space | Anterior axillary line, fifth intercostal space | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d23806d6-a00a-5951-b6c7-5e2750407271 | The diameter index safety system refers to the interface between | Pipeline source and anesthesia machine | Gas cylinders and anesthesia machine | Vaporizers and refilling connectors attached to bottles of volatile anesthetics | Both pipeline and gas cylinders interface with anesthesia machine | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f963c69a-7696-5efd-9595-ca5d037f3f81 | Each of the following is cited as an advantage of calcium hydroxide lime (Amsorb Plus, Drägersorb) over soda lime EXCEPT | Compound A is not formed | CO is not formed | More absorptive capacity per 100 g of granules | It does not contain NaOH or KOH | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7f38dad2-aa63-5d31-a875-6ce7d5ddc0de | During a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, exhaled CO2 is 6%, but inhaled CO2 is 1%. Which explanation could NOT account for the 1% inhaled CO2? | Channeling through soda lime | Faulty expiratory valve | Exhausted soda lime | Absorption of CO2 through peritoneum# Anesthesia Equipment and Physics | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
bdb09808-ca5b-5cc6-ac7f-b24d2947a9f8 | A 29-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a drug overdose. The patient is placed on a ventilator with a set tidal volume (Vt) of 750 mL at a rate of 10 breaths/min. The patient is making no inspiratory effort. The measured minute ventilation is 6 L, and the peak airway pressure is 30 cm H2O. ... | $$\mathrm{~2~mL/(cm~H_{2}O)}$$ | $$\mathrm{~3~mL/(cm~H_{2}O)}$$ | $$\mathrm{~4~mL/(cm~H_{2}O)}$$ | $$\mathrm{~3~mL/(cm~H_{2}O)}$$ | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
67679114-7d88-5fb4-9c27-7211a92d92a3 | A 65-year-old patient is mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit (ICU) after an open nephrectomy. How far should the suction catheter be inserted into the endotracheal tube for suctioning? | To the midlevel of the endotracheal tube | To the tip of the endotracheal tube | Just proximal to the carina | Past the carina | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
9e1d1784-9352-51d2-87be-1a467a4e3a5b | Maximizing which of the following lung parameters is the most important factor in prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications? | Tidal volume (Vt) | Inspiratory reserve volume | Vital capacity | Functional residual capacity (FRC) | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b2f43a5e-f00c-54c1-9d21-b351b8caefc8 | An 83-year-old woman is admitted to the ICU after coronary artery surgery. A pulmonary artery catheter is in place and yields the following data: central venous pressure (CVP) 5 mm Hg, cardiac output (CO) 4.0 L/min, mean arterial pressure (MAP) 90 mm Hg, mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 20 mm Hg, pulmonary artery o... | 40 dyne-sec/cm5 | 80 dyne-sec/cm5 | 160 dyne-sec/cm5 | 200 dyne-sec/cm5 | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
979b648e-cea6-596b-b27a-452a2dfcc5d0 | A 72-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction 12 months earlier is scheduled to undergo elective repair of a 6-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm under general anesthesia. When would this patient be at highest risk for another myocardial infarction? | During placement of the aortic cross-clamp | Upon release of the aortic cross-clamp | 24 hours postoperatively | On the third postoperative day | 4 | D | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
1bd2d8ad-66ac-53c5-9440-e37cd792fea8 | Calculate the body mass index (BMI) of a man 200 cm (6 feet 6 inches) tall who weighs 100 kg (220 lb). | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
98ec5b5d-7297-52eb-95e1-9bf484436352 | The normal FEV1 /FVC ratio is | 0.99 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
309e832b-1eca-5db0-806e-4232de081d1f | Direct current (DC) cardioversion is not useful and, therefore, NOT indicated in an unstable patient with which of the following? | Supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with Wolff-- Parkinson-White syndrome | Atrial flutter | Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) | New-onset atrial fibrillation | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b192cff7-2e15-5f1d-9540-59ceec61b64b | During the first minute of apnea, the Paco2 will rise | 2 mm Hg/min | 4 mm Hg/min | 6 mm Hg/min | 8 mm Hg/min | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
bd6df80b-ec30-517e-9664-3f19cb804f25 | Potential complications associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) include all of the following EXCEPT | Ketoacidosis | Hyperglycemia | Hypoglycemia | Hypophosphatemia | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3cb6259e-f26f-5f6c-aa51-e0b313903155 | O2 requirement for a 70-kg adult is | 150 mL/min | 250 mL/min | 350 mL/min | 450 mL/min | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c26775bd-38ef-58c6-9d18-08ecd9dbbf60 | The FRC is composed of the | Expiratory reserve volume and residual volume | Inspiratory reserve volume and residual volume | Inspiratory capacity and vital capacity | Expiratory capacity and Vt | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
4a6eae29-b6ce-53b6-b30c-aaf50fff2af7 | Which of the following statements correctly defines the relationship between minute ventilation , dead space ventilation and Paco2? | If is constant and increases, then Paco2 will increase | If is constant and increases, then Paco2 will decrease | If is constant and increases, then Paco2 will increase | If is constant and decreases, then Paco2 will decrease | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
070d7325-fdbb-56fd-b6a0-d4f10bab4a57 | A 22-year-old patient who sustained a closed head injury is brought to the operating room (OR) from the ICU for placement of a dural bolt. Hemoglobin has been stable at 15 g/dL. Blood gas analysis immediately before induction reveals a Pao2 of 120 mm Hg and an arterial saturation of 100%. After induction, the Pao2 rise... | It has increased by 10% | It has increased by 5% | It has increased by less than 1% | Cannot be determined without Paco2 | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
d803828b-8002-5e3b-a6fa-e32623c07810 | Inhalation of CO2 increases by | 0.5 L/min/mm Hg increase in Paco2 | 1 to 1.5 L/min/mm Hg increase in Paco2 | 2 to 2.5 L/min/mm Hg increase in Paco2 | Greater than 3 L/min/mm Hg increase in Paco2 | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
9ebfcb99-8099-540a-905f-d42f211fece9 | The RIFLE criteria are designed to predict mortality from | Renal failure | Sepsis | Hepatic failure | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
4befeb4f-1add-587f-80f8-0499abb4f9ce | The P50 for normal adult hemoglobin is approximately | 15 mm Hg | 25 mm Hg | 35 mm Hg | 45 mm Hg | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d2eb695c-b0bb-5302-872a-5e3e6a3bc5f1 | During a normal VT (500-mL) breath, the transpulmonary pressure increases from 0 to 5 cm H2O. The product of transpulmonary pressure and Vt is 2500 cm H2O-mL. This expression of the pressure-volume relationship during breathing determines what parameter of respiratory mechanics? | Lung compliance | Airway resistance | Pulmonary elastance | Work of breathing | 4 | B | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
09df25d3-f2f6-512a-965d-a59486d48b32 | Select the true statement regarding palliative care | It increases in-hospital cost | It is reserved for patients with life expectancy less than 6 months | It is not appropriate for patients in the ICU | It can be used in conjunction with "aggressive" care | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
0e241120-54c7-54a0-a56d-8fe3f69261b8 | The normal vital capacity for a 70-kg man is | 1 L | 2 L | 5 L | 7 L | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1cc2af1d-5d1f-582b-a90e-f89054af083b | A 32-year-old man is found unconscious by the fire department in a room where he has inhaled 0.1% carbon monoxide for a prolonged period. His respiratory rate is 42 breaths/min, but he is not cyanotic. Carbon monoxide has increased this patient's minute ventilation by which of the following mechanisms? | Shifting the O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left | Increasing CO2 production | Causing lactic acidosis | Decreasing Pao2 | 4 | C | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
b1fafbe6-7816-53c6-97fb-16723829be61 | An acute increase in Paco2 of 10 mm Hg will result in a decrease in pH | 0.01 pH unit | 0.02 pH unit | 0.04 pH unit | 0.08 pH unit | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
5c30d07a-21b4-598e-b39e-a6105b52cb0e | A 22-year-old college student with a history of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in the left foot and ankle after a football injury is anesthetized for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. He reports allergy to penicillin and is treated for chronic pain with paroxetine (Paxil) and gabapentin (Neurontin) and indomethacin ... | Repeat meperidine | Labetalol | Lorazepam (Ativan) | Dantrolene | 4 | C | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
e57d257a-c2c6-5f76-b625-234e52d8c372 | The P50 of sickle cell hemoglobin is | 19 mm Hg | 26 mm Hg | 31 mm Hg | 35 mm Hg | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
59968382-870a-59cc-b839-f9523513bef7 | Data from the ARDS network trial (ARDSNet) showed increased mortality from | Atelectrauma | Volutrauma | Barotrauma | Inhaled nitric oxide | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
67622d0b-8bb9-5f8a-b473-12539956cbdc | Each of the following is decreased in elderly patients compared with their younger counterparts EXCEPT | Closing volume | FEV1 | Ventilatory response to hypercarbia | Vital capacity | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
cf86b44a-8028-51be-bd21-31c872e9e67b | Calculate the VD/Vt ratio (physiologic dead space ventilation) based on the following data: Paco2 45 mm Hg, mixed expired CO2 tension (PEco2 ) 30 mm Hg. | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
a3b4276d-1233-5bf0-af29-74e04f749f31 | Which of the following statements concerning the distribution of O2 and CO2 in the upright lungs is TRUE? | Pao2 is greater at the apex than at the base | Paco2 is greater at the apex than at the base | Both Pao2 and Paco2 are greater at the apex than at the base | Both Pao2 and Paco2 are greater at the base than at the apex | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a74f611d-4941-5328-9ede-4749a9cb4f7f | Which of the following acid-base disturbances is the least wellcompensated? | Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory alkalosis | Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
73991c40-130d-5b1b-a16b-a3d5605a3a3a | What is the (calculated) Pao2 of a patient on room air in Denver, | 80 mm Hg | 90 mm Hg | 100 mm Hg | 110 mm Hg | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
fe2e571c-8ecf-5462-85e0-6ea7a21573e2 | A venous blood sample from which of the following sites would correlate most reliably with Pao2 and Paco2? | Jugular vein | Subclavian vein | Antecubital vein | Vein on posterior surface of a warmed hand | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
9a2610e3-bd5c-5987-8017-27ddcc4ff0dc | Which of the following pulmonary function tests is LEAST dependent on patient effort? | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ) | Forced vital capacity (FVC) | FEF 800 to 1200 | FEF 25% to 75% | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
818be8a4-f52a-5a9a-8336-97cde7481eb6 | A 33-year-old woman with 20% carboxyhemoglobin is brought to the ER for treatment of smoke inhalation. Which of the following is | Cyanosis | Pao2 105 mm Hg, oxygen saturation 80% on initial room air arterial blood gases (ABGs) | 98% oxygen saturation on dual-wavelength pulse oximeter | Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifted far to the left | 4 | A | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
ea5996f3-0796-599b-8dd8-5ed56b0a3bcc | Each of the following will alter the position or slope of the CO2 ventilatory response curve EXCEPT | Hypoxemia | Fentanyl | N2O | Ketamine | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8f9239dd-e336-5c6c-a005-342a0b3dcaa0 | Which of the following statements concerning the distribution of alveolar ventilation ( ) in the upright lungs is TRUE? | The distribution of is not affected by body posture | Alveoli at the apex of the lungs (nondependent alveoli) are better ventilated than those at the base | All areas of the lungs are ventilated equally | Alveoli at the base of the lungs (dependent alveoli) are better ventilated than those at the apex | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
eb3ff5a1-8f51-5950-ad53-195b41ad00d8 | In the resting adult, what percentage of total body O2 consumption is due to the work of breathing? | 2% | 5% | 10% | 20% | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f0c5e319-f794-5d5b-a651-85c33ebf6a76 | The anatomic dead space in a 70-kg man is | 50 mL | 150 mL | 250 mL | 500 mL | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
ff140226-eade-5b6d-96f9-61cd791deaf1 | The most important buffering system in the body is | Hemoglobin | Plasma proteins | Phosphate | [HCO3 − ] | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a25e278d-0191-5802-a393-e3757e047c37 | A decrease in pH of 0.1 unit will result in | A decrease in serum potassium concentration [K+ ] of 0.1 mEq/L | A decrease in [K+ ] of 1.0 mEq/L | An increase in [K+ ] of 1.0 mEq/L | An increase in [K+ ] of 2.0 mEq/L | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3f55f994-979a-589f-824a-1a3f258bbfb5 | A 28-year-old, 70-kg woman with ulcerative colitis is receiving a general anesthetic for a colon resection and ileostomy. The patient's lungs are mechanically ventilated with the following parameters: 5000 mL and respiratory rate 10 breaths/min. Assuming no change in , how would change if the respiratory rate were incr... | Increase by 500 mL | Increase by 1000 mL | Decrease by 750 mL | Decrease by 1500 mL | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
1a469abe-2e52-540a-9fc0-62cccc8cd03a | Each of the following will shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT | Volatile anesthetics | Decreased Pao2 | Decreased pH | Increased temperature | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b49305e4-8648-5a66-a1a9-9f4d1690c7fd | The half-life of carboxyhemoglobin in a patient breathing 100% O2 is | 5 minutes | 1 hour | 2 hours | 4 hours | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a9184a94-a376-5cdb-abf1-a605a2c2c6b3 | A disadvantage of using propofol for prolonged sedation (days) of intubated patients in the ICU is potential | Alkalosis | Hypokalemia | Hypolipidemia | Bradycardia | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
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