text stringlengths 222 548k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 95 values | url stringlengths 14 7.09k | file_path stringlengths 110 155 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 53 113k | score float64 2.52 5.03 | int_score int64 3 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Panagiota Name Meaning & Origin
Looking for the perfect name? Try the Name MatchMaker to find the perfect baby name for you!
Sister & Brother Names
Know a Panagiota? What are her siblings named?
Name Lists Featuring Panagiota
Contribute your knowledge to the name Panagiota
- Comments and insights on the name Panagiota: | Edit
One of the most common female Greek names. PRONUNCIATION: Pah-nah-YAW-tah
- Personal experiences with the name Panagiota: | Edit
Grandmother names are commonly selected for female children in Greece and the Greek diaspora, contributing to the very strong popularity of this name through the ages.
- Nicknames for Panagiota: | Edit
Yiotta, Giotta, Penny, Betty, Pam, Giota, Patricia, Patty
- Meanings and history of the name Panagiota: | Edit
Panagiota is derived from the common Greek name for the Virgin Mary, "Panagia" or "Madonna". In English, the name directly translates to "all holy". The prefix "pan-" is the Greek word for "all" or "complete" and is commonly used as a prefix in English language (eg. panorama, pantheon, panacea, pandemic etc). The root word "agia" is the Greek word for "holy" (Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Istanbul = Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom).
- Famous real-life people named Panagiota: | Edit
The Virgin Mary.
- Panagiota in song, story & screen: | Edit
Panagia is the traditional defender of women and families. She is also the patron saint of the Christian Byzantine Empire and the city of Constantinople, or modern day Istanbul. The Crescent and Star symbol of Islam is derived from the two pre-Islamic patrons of the city of Constantinople. The crescent moon was the pre-Christian symbol of Greek Goddess Diana (goddess of the hunt) and the star is the Christian Star of Bethlehem and symbol of the Panagia. The combined symbol became generally associated with Islam following Islamic conquest of the city in 1456. | <urn:uuid:e240ce90-fa64-4921-a1a2-014a1a1a498c> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/panagiota | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583857993.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20190122161345-20190122183345-00248.warc.gz | en | 0.857226 | 454 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Ensuring that our homes are comfortable all the time is very important. To combat winter cold and summer heat, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems also known as HVAC systems are very important. HVAC system is made of several units with the largest being the outdoor cooling unit. It has components such as air delivery devices, motors, boilers, terminals, heaters and chillers. All these components require electricity to function efficiently.
Power surges occur when electrical current is boosted above the optimum level at some point in the power line.
Strong thunderstorm produces lightning. The lightning can cause a chief risk to your HVAC system. Apart from the natural thunderstorm that can cause risks to the system, workers activities can also result to power surges and outages. The effects of surges on HVAC equipments can be detrimental. A power surge can impact negatively on the HVAC system as well as the equipments associated with it.
This calls for surge prevention as the results of the opposite are deadly. Although it’s not possible to control surges, there are precautions to prevent them from harming the HVAC system equipments.
Use Surge Protection
Surge protection is the process of ensuring that excess electricity is buffered if a power surge happens to occur. Whole home surge protection is a mile stone toward protecting the HVAC system and other appliances from damages caused by power surges. This protection is put at the point of entry of the main power line. Additionally power strips with surge protection capability can be used in each outlet. All HVAC equipments should be plugged into one power strip. Make sure that the surge protection in the power is functioning properly.
Make use of Time delay Technology
Power surges can also be caused by a power outage as the grid stabilizes. During stabilization process brief power spikes continue for a few minutes after power is restored to normal. If the HVAC system equipments happens to start instantly upon the reinstatement of power, these spikes could cause unprecedented damages. Using a thermostat with time delay technology will help in preventing the system from turning on instantly after power is restored. The technology will keep the system off for a few minutes, to allow the grid to stabilize before restarting the system.
Turn off the System
This is one of the easiest ways to prevent power surges from harming the HVAC system. Turning off the system at the circuit breaker or thermostat or both before a storm occurs. The HVAC system can be expansively damaged by a power surge if operating at the time when the surge occurs. Thus, turning it off will greatly reduce the damages that could arise If the air conditioning is on operation at the time of storm. It’s also advisable to turn off windows unit or room air conditioners and unplug them so as to prevent any damage by power surges for those who uses only the windows unit.
Upgrade Inadequate Wiring
Electrical systems built before 1980s were not designed to handle large voltage equipments. Some of the visible signs of insufficient wiring include frequent blown fuses, tripped circuit breakers and flickering or dimming light. Upgrading to the current wiring standards with the capacity to support equipment with high voltage consumptions can greatly help in preventing the surges.
Fix Overloaded Circuits
Many newer homes have the problem of overloaded circuits. Having a circuit with many small devices can cause power surges. To prevent HVAC system appliances from suffering from the damage, it’s important to establish a dedicated circuit for each big appliance and to partition rooms with multiple devices into split circuits.
WJR advanced services are serving the areas of Toms River, Marlboro and Red Bank. Call us now (732 500 3229) to get expert services in Heating System repair and Emergency Furnace repair. | <urn:uuid:3bc755d0-4e1f-4254-b70a-cf3a00a37a09> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://www.wjrheatingcooling.com/preventing-hvac-systems-power-surges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583722261.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120143527-20190120165527-00385.warc.gz | en | 0.936617 | 782 | 2.671875 | 3 |
How to be healthy: Hayfever
2nd June, 2008
Around 15 million Britons endure this three-season affliction. Pat Thomas looks at causes, treatments and drug-free tactics.
While most of us may think that the hayfever season ends when summer does, there are, in fact, several hayfever seasons, and for a large proportion of the population each one brings new torment. In spring, tree pollens can cause suffering. In summer, grass pollens bring misery to the majority of sufferers, then autumn brings a final flurry of fungal spores and autumn flower pollens to contend with.
Global warming is now playing a key part in our ongoing woe: our changing climate is bringing earlier summers and more pollination, while environmental pollution traps pollens in the atmosphere.
When and how much pollen is released from plants also depends on day-to-day weather cycles. Because many plants require exposure to a certain amount of heat before they will release their pollen, a cold or wet spring may delay the release of tree pollen by weeks. Pollen release also varies depending on the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind and sun.
Early mornings are generally the worst time for pollen concentrations because, at that time of day, plants are busy pumping out pollen and this easily accumulates in the still-stable surface air. As the atmosphere heats up on a sunny morning, warm air rises and cool air falls, adding pollution, dust and pollen to the mix already present. Pollen released in the early morning can travel hundreds of miles from its source on the prevailing winds, which is one reason why cities can have high pollen counts even if they have very little vegetation.
Interestingly, while high winds can distribute irritants and allergens over a wide range, they can also reduce the size of the particles in the air. Most physicians believe that this should equate with less respiratory illness. But small particles may also slip more easily into the respiratory tract, causing allergic-type flare-ups.
Misery for millions
Hayfever affects an estimated 15 million people in Britain and its incidence has tripled over the past 20 years. It affects 30–40 per cent of children, with most of them having their first experience of hayfever symptoms in adolescence In medical jargon, all these people suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis – an allergy in the nose. The first symptoms are an itching nose, mouth, throat and eyes, followed swiftly by the all-too-familiar sneezing, nasal discharge, sore and watery red eyes and blocked nose.
Frequently, there’s headache caused by pressure in the sinuses, plus swelling and inflammation of the membranes of the nose, the pain of which can be almost unbearable.
Like asthma and other atopic disorders, such as eczema, the basic cause of this condition is an exaggerated immune response to allergens; this in turn releases histamine into the nose, leading to inflammation.
Symptoms or side-effects
With so many millions of people in Britain – and indeed throughout the world – suffering from hayfever, it’s important that sufferers find something that relieves symptoms and is safe. While there are many conventional medical approaches to hayfever, few are problem-free.
Among the prescription-based medicines, steroid tablets have serious side-effects, such as diabetes, osteoporosis and blood vessel damage. They are particularly unsuitable for children.
Steroid-based eyedrops, although these may be effective, can also be dangerous over the long term, causing glaucoma, cataracts, corneal damage and, ultimately, blindness. Steroid-based nasal sprays are considered a safer option but steroid injections can be fatal.
Decongestant tablets or nasal sprays, available both by prescription and over the counter, will reduce a blocked nose in the short term, but tend to leave you with a worse problem when you stop using them. They also have devastating side-effects. Many hayfever remedies can now be bought without prescription. Phenylpropanolamine, found in over-the-counter (OTC) medications, can cause strokes, making them particularly dangerous for people with high blood pressure.
Antihistamines, despite being claimed to be both effective and safe, can also cause a variety of sideeffects – such as headaches, rashes, photosensitivity, gastrointestinal problems and heart arrhythmias.
The most potentially dangerous side-effect is drowsiness, which may lead to fatal accidents.
According to the British Allergy Foundation, the problem of drugdriving could become as serious a threat to road safety as drink-driving. Its data suggests that road accidents involving people under the influence of legal drugs such as hayfever remedies have soared by 600 per cent in the past decade.
In a recent survey by insurance company Privilege, one in 10 drivers – the equivalent of 3.3 million people – admittted to losing concentration at the wheel due to an impaired reaction caused by illness or medication; and yet almost half (45 per cent) of the drivers surveyed admitted to having driven while taking medication. A quarter admitted to rarely or never checking the side-effects of their remedies before setting off, and just under a quarter believed there was nothing wrong with driving while on any hayfever or allergy medication.
Drowsiness from antihistamines can be detrimental in other ways. Research suggests that nearly threequarters of students taking hayfever medication can expect to drop a grade in their exams, as ingredients in the most popular remedies interfere with their ability to concentrate.
Hayfever remedies that contain chlorpheniramine K can cause drowsiness, while those with loratidine, cetirizine, acrivastine, desloratidine, levocetirizine or fexofenadine are considered non-drowsy.
In fact, all antihistamines can cause some degree of drowsiness. The only non-drowsy antihistamine would be one that did not cross the blood/brain barier. All antihistamines cross this barrier and as such cannot be considered completely non-sedating even at the recommended dose, and individual susceptibility to this – and to other adverse effects – cannot be predicted.
The best prevention for hayfever is to have allergy-free parents. If either your mother or father has an allergy, you’ve got a 40 per cent chance of having it too. Failing such foetal foresight, consider the following:
• Relax. Stress can trigger the release of excess levels of melatonin, high levels of which can affect vulnerable people, such as asthmatics.
• Buy an ioniser. Ionisers release negative ions into the atmosphere to counter the over-abundance of positive ions in a man-made environment. Positive ions are associated with triggering increased histamine release.
• Check for common food allergies (e.g. to milk, wheat and eggs), as well as uncommon ones (e.g. to particular fruit and vegetables). They may be exacerbating your symptoms.
• Keep windows and doors closed on high-pollen days; change your clothes and wash your hair when you come in.
• Keep your bed pollen-free: cover it with a spare sheet during the day, and roll this up carefully before going to bed.
• Dry clothes and bedding indoors, to avoid them picking up pollen.
• Keep away from pets who have been outside and avoid grooming them yourself.
• Avoid smoky or polluted places.
• Get somebody else to mow the lawn.
• Wear wrap-around sunglasses to keep pollen from your eyes. Try not to rub irritated eyes as it causes further swelling.
• Be patient. Hayfever often eases with age, especially if it came on before age 30.
This article first appeared in the Ecologist September 2007
Using this website means you agree to us using simple cookies. | <urn:uuid:f818a12e-1352-4c84-aecb-1511f432fc8b> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.theecologist.org/green_green_living/how_to/269418/how_to_be_healthy_hayfever.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701169261.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193929-00248-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941133 | 1,649 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Cap and Trade Would Stifle Economy, Delay Transition to Cleaner Fuels
With Congress determined to regulate energy use and perhaps impose caps or taxes on carbon dioxide emissions, the consequences of these actions deserve more scrutiny than they have received.
Much of today's debate is driven by rhetoric asserting a climate catastrophe is certain and the United States is sitting on the sidelines.
Neither claim is true. Projections of climate catastrophe are largely the product of models that have not been validated, use questionable data, and rely on unproven assumptions about the science.
U.S. Reducing Emissions
The United States is confronting the climate risk, if any, with significant success. Since 1990, the benchmark year used in the Kyoto Protocol and many of the legislative proposals in Congress, the United States has reduced carbon intensity (carbon emissions per unit of economic output) by 22 percent.
Since 2000, the United States has reduced carbon intensity by 11 percent. Although the European Union is cited as a model of responsible action, its emissions have grown faster than ours.
If we accept that energy is vital for economic growth, then it is understandable that a growing population (U.S. population grew from 248 million in 1990 to 302 million today) and a growing economy (U.S. GDP jumped from $7.1 trillion in 1990 to $11.4 trillion in 2006 in inflation-adjusted dollars) will need more energy.
Accordingly, U.S. energy use increased 18 percent in 1990-2006. Greenhouse gas emissions grew at a much slower pace. While demanding absolute reductions, advocates have yet to explain how any nation can support more people while reducing energy use.
Cap and Trade Proposals
One approach to reducing emissions is called cap and trade, which would set a specific carbon emission level--the cap--to be achieved by a specific date, for example, the 2000 level by 2020. Emission allowances equaling that level would be distributed by the government, and businesses could use their allowances or trade them in the marketplace.
All cap and trade proposals would reduce the cap over time. In other words, carbon-emitting activities would be reduced on a political schedule until they are almost entirely driven out of our energy system. Some proposals set a goal of reducing emissions 60 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.
But with no economically feasible replacement technology currently in existence, that emission reduction goal would prevent the economic growth needed to support the projected growth in U.S. population.
No Feasible Alternatives
Most of the emissions of concern come from coal-generated electricity and transportation fuels. There are no cost-competitive alternatives available today or on the horizon to achieve such drastic reductions.
Nuclear power is not politically acceptable and will take decades to come on line. Biofuels and other alternatives are expanding because of sizeable government mandates but still cannot realistically be expected to provide more than 10 percent of the projected national demand for gasoline in 2030.
Commercial technology has never been developed on a political schedule, and caps might well have the perverse effect of freezing technology. Companies compelled to meet arbitrary goals will resist replacing their capital stock before the end of its economic life. Moreover, forced investments divert money from needed research and development.
Rising Energy Prices
Cap and trade is meant to ration energy use by increasing costs, perhaps substantially, to consumers and businesses. Independent analyses have demonstrated it is an inefficient means of increasing the cost of carbon, far less efficient than a carbon tax.
It will indeed increase costs significantly, but inefficiently. Constraints on fossil energy use force businesses to substitute more expensive fuels. Thousands of firms will incur costs to monitor and report emissions, and to acquire offsets or additional allowances if they need to exceed their emissions limit. The federal government will have to create a new administrative mechanism for monitoring, auditing, revising regulations, and controlling allowance volatility.
Hundreds of millions, and perhaps billions, of dollars would be spent each year on such activities.
An alternative approach is to continue stimulating the development and use of new technologies. Government can do this through investments in research and development and by encouraging rapid turnover of equipment, which gives individuals and businesses incentives to buy newer, less carbon-intensive products. This approach is less costly and quite effective.
The time has come for some honest discussion of climate change. The solution to the climate issue is technology; not energy rationing. | <urn:uuid:9dcdb8be-adf5-4237-9871-67239e95f1ff> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2008/04/01/cap-and-trade-would-stifle-economy-delay-transition-cleaner-fuels | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042981460.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00129-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950539 | 893 | 3.203125 | 3 |
- Describe nuclear structure in terms of protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Calculate mass defect and binding energy for nuclei
- Explain trends in the relative stability of nuclei
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The chapter on atoms, molecules, and ions introduced the basic idea of nuclear structure, that the nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, with the exception of neutrons. Recall that the number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element. When referring to a single type of nucleus, we often use the term nuclide and identify it by the notation where X is the symbol for the element, A is the mass number, and Z is the atomic number (for example, Often a nuclide is referenced by the name of the element followed by a hyphen and the mass number. For example, is called “carbon-14.”
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. For example, water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter, and iridium, one of the densest elements known, has a density of 22.6 g/cm3. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters (earth’s actual radius is approximately 6.4 106 meters, 30,000 times larger). Example 20.1 demonstrates just how great nuclear densities can be in the natural world.
Density of a Neutron Star Neutron stars form when the core of a very massive star undergoes gravitational collapse, causing the star’s outer layers to explode in a supernova. Composed almost completely of neutrons, they are the densest-known stars in the universe, with densities comparable to the average density of an atomic nucleus. A neutron star in a faraway galaxy has a mass equal to 2.4 solar masses (1 solar mass = = mass of the sun = 1.99 1030 kg) and a diameter of 26 km.
(a) What is the density of this neutron star?
(b) How does this neutron star’s density compare to the density of a uranium nucleus, which has a diameter of about 15 fm (1 fm = 10–15 m)?
Solution We can treat both the neutron star and the U-235 nucleus as spheres. Then the density for both is given by:
(a) The radius of the neutron star is so the density of the neutron star is:
(b) The radius of the U-235 nucleus is so the density of the U-235 nucleus is:
These values are fairly similar (same order of magnitude), but the neutron star is more than twice as dense as the U-235 nucleus.
Check Your Learning Find the density of a neutron star with a mass of 1.97 solar masses and a diameter of 13 km, and compare it to the density of a hydrogen nucleus, which has a diameter of 1.75 fm (1 fm = 1 10–15 m).
The density of the neutron star is 3.4 1018 kg/m3. The density of a hydrogen nucleus is 6.0 1017 kg/m3. The neutron star is 5.7 times denser than the hydrogen nucleus.
To hold positively charged protons together in the very small volume of a nucleus requires very strong attractive forces because the positively charged protons repel one another strongly at such short distances. The force of attraction that holds the nucleus together is the strong nuclear force. (The strong force is one of the four fundamental forces that are known to exist. The others are the electromagnetic force, the gravitational force, and the nuclear weak force.) This force acts between protons, between neutrons, and between protons and neutrons. It is very different from the electrostatic force that holds negatively charged electrons around a positively charged nucleus (the attraction between opposite charges). Over distances less than 10−15 meters and within the nucleus, the strong nuclear force is much stronger than electrostatic repulsions between protons; over larger distances and outside the nucleus, it is essentially nonexistent.
Nuclear Binding Energy
As a simple example of the energy associated with the strong nuclear force, consider the helium atom composed of two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons. The total mass of these six subatomic particles may be calculated as:
However, mass spectrometric measurements reveal that the mass of an atom is 4.0026 amu, less than the combined masses of its six constituent subatomic particles. This difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together; this is also the energy needed to break a nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons. In comparison to chemical bond energies, nuclear binding energies are vastly greater, as we will learn in this section. Consequently, the energy changes associated with nuclear reactions are vastly greater than are those for chemical reactions.
The conversion between mass and energy is most identifiably represented by the mass-energy equivalence equation as stated by Albert Einstein:
where E is energy, m is mass of the matter being converted, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. This equation can be used to find the amount of energy that results when matter is converted into energy. Using this mass-energy equivalence equation, the nuclear binding energy of a nucleus may be calculated from its mass defect, as demonstrated in Example 20.2. A variety of units are commonly used for nuclear binding energies, including electron volts (eV), with 1 eV equaling the amount of energy necessary to the move the charge of an electron across an electric potential difference of 1 volt, making 1 eV = 1.602 10–19 J.
Calculation of Nuclear Binding EnergyDetermine the binding energy for the nuclide in:
(a) joules per mole of nuclei
(b) joules per nucleus
(c) MeV per nucleus
SolutionThe mass defect for a nucleus is 0.0305 amu, as shown previously. Determine the binding energy in joules per nuclide using the mass-energy equivalence equation. To accommodate the requested energy units, the mass defect must be expressed in kilograms (recall that 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2).
(a) First, express the mass defect in g/mol. This is easily done considering the numerical equivalence of atomic mass (amu) and molar mass (g/mol) that results from the definitions of the amu and mole units (refer to the previous discussion in the chapter on atoms, molecules, and ions if needed). The mass defect is therefore 0.0305 g/mol. To accommodate the units of the other terms in the mass-energy equation, the mass must be expressed in kg, since 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2. Converting grams into kilograms yields a mass defect of 3.05 10–5 kg/mol. Substituting this quantity into the mass-energy equivalence equation yields:
Note that this tremendous amount of energy is associated with the conversion of a very small amount of matter (about 30 mg, roughly the mass of typical drop of water).
(b) The binding energy for a single nucleus is computed from the molar binding energy using Avogadro’s number:
(c) Recall that 1 eV = 1.602 10–19 J. Using the binding energy computed in part (b):
Check Your LearningWhat is the binding energy for the nuclide (atomic mass: 18.9984 amu) in MeV per nucleus?
Because the energy changes for breaking and forming bonds are so small compared to the energy changes for breaking or forming nuclei, the changes in mass during all ordinary chemical reactions are virtually undetectable. As described in the chapter on thermochemistry, the most energetic chemical reactions exhibit enthalpies on the order of thousands of kJ/mol, which is equivalent to mass differences in the nanogram range (10–9 g). On the other hand, nuclear binding energies are typically on the order of billions of kJ/mol, corresponding to mass differences in the milligram range (10–3 g).
A nucleus is stable if it cannot be transformed into another configuration without adding energy from the outside. Of the thousands of nuclides that exist, about 250 are stable. A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons for stable nuclei reveals that the stable isotopes fall into a narrow band. This region is known as the band of stability (also called the belt, zone, or valley of stability). The straight line in Figure 20.2 represents nuclei that have a 1:1 ratio of protons to neutrons (n:p ratio). Note that the lighter stable nuclei, in general, have equal numbers of protons and neutrons. For example, nitrogen-14 has seven protons and seven neutrons. Heavier stable nuclei, however, have increasingly more neutrons than protons. For example: iron-56 has 30 neutrons and 26 protons, an n:p ratio of 1.15, whereas the stable nuclide lead-207 has 125 neutrons and 82 protons, an n:p ratio equal to 1.52. This is because larger nuclei have more proton-proton repulsions, and require larger numbers of neutrons to provide compensating strong forces to overcome these electrostatic repulsions and hold the nucleus together.
The nuclei that are to the left or to the right of the band of stability are unstable and exhibit radioactivity. They change spontaneously (decay) into other nuclei that are either in, or closer to, the band of stability. These nuclear decay reactions convert one unstable isotope (or radioisotope) into another, more stable, isotope. We will discuss the nature and products of this radioactive decay in subsequent sections of this chapter.
Several observations may be made regarding the relationship between the stability of a nucleus and its structure. Nuclei with even numbers of protons, neutrons, or both are more likely to be stable (see Table 20.1). Nuclei with certain numbers of nucleons, known as magic numbers, are stable against nuclear decay. These numbers of protons or neutrons (2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126) make complete shells in the nucleus. These are similar in concept to the stable electron shells observed for the noble gases. Nuclei that have magic numbers of both protons and neutrons, such as and are called “double magic” and are particularly stable. These trends in nuclear stability may be rationalized by considering a quantum mechanical model of nuclear energy states analogous to that used to describe electronic states earlier in this textbook. The details of this model are beyond the scope of this chapter.
|Stable Nuclear Isotopes|
|Number of Stable Isotopes||Proton Number||Neutron Number|
The relative stability of a nucleus is correlated with its binding energy per nucleon, the total binding energy for the nucleus divided by the number or nucleons in the nucleus. For instance, we saw in Example 20.2 that the binding energy for a nucleus is 28.4 MeV. The binding energy per nucleon for a nucleus is therefore:
Calculation of Binding Energy per NucleonThe iron nuclide lies near the top of the binding energy curve (Figure 20.3) and is one of the most stable nuclides. What is the binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) for the nuclide (atomic mass of 55.9349 amu)?
SolutionAs in Example 20.2, we first determine the mass defect of the nuclide, which is the difference between the mass of 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 26 electrons, and the observed mass of an atom:
We next calculate the binding energy for one nucleus from the mass defect using the mass-energy equivalence equation:
We then convert the binding energy in joules per nucleus into units of MeV per nuclide:
Finally, we determine the binding energy per nucleon by dividing the total nuclear binding energy by the number of nucleons in the atom:
Note that this is almost 25% larger than the binding energy per nucleon for
(Note also that this is the same process as in Example 20.1, but with the additional step of dividing the total nuclear binding energy by the number of nucleons.)
Check Your LearningWhat is the binding energy per nucleon in (atomic mass, 18.9984 amu)? | <urn:uuid:961ef626-1660-40f6-a068-a0417e44f846> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-atoms-first-2e/pages/20-1-nuclear-structure-and-stability | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875147116.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200228073640-20200228103640-00545.warc.gz | en | 0.914188 | 2,846 | 4.4375 | 4 |
The Honanki Heritage Site is a collection of rock art and cliff dwellings nestled within the Coconino National Forest in northern Arizona. It was built by the Sinagua people between 1150-1350 AD and showcases the culture of these ancient people.
In this guide, we’re going to show you everything you need to know about visiting the Honanki Heritage Site.
Our Honanki Experience
We explored the Honanki Heritage Site when we visited Sedona in December 2021. During this trip, we rented a jeep and drove to this site because it’s only accessible by 4×4 vehicle. We then explored the site on our own via the self-guided trail. Read more about us.
Unlike other nearby sites, you don’t need a reservation to visit Honanki, but the roads leading to this historical site can be difficult to navigate. This guide will tell you everything you need to know including tips for your visit.
What Is The Honanki Heritage Site?
This large collection of well preserved cliff dwellings featuring numerous rock art was discovered within an isolated canyon near Sedona, Arizona. Archeologists believe the region was first occupied by the Sinagua who are known ancestors of the Hopi.
What makes Honanki unique is the fact the ruins were built directly against the canyon walls and well hidden behind trees. This site is estimated to contain about 72 rooms and 200 people in its prime.
The ruins are now run by the U.S. Forest Service under the Red Rock Program. But it was first described in 1895 by Walter Fewkes, a well known archeologist from the Smithsonian Institute.
Deeply interested in studying the lifestyle of the Hopi culture, Fawkes was a strong voice when it came to protecting indigenous sites. He named the site Honanki from the Hopi words meaning “badger house” but it’s noted the Hopi had no specific name for the area.
Further Reading: Best ruins in Sedona
Unlike the nearby Palatki Heritage Site, you don’t need to book a reservation in order to visit Honanki and you’ll only need one pass to enter:
You can buy a Red Rock Pass at this recreation.gov site in advance or by scanning a QR code with your smartphone on the sign located at each fee site. Other Red Rock sites have a kiosk in the parking lot where you can also purchase a pass, but we did not see one at Honanki.
Red Rock Pass options include:
- 1 Day – $5
- 7 Days – $15
- Annual Pass – $20
Travel Tip: There is very limited service at the Honanki Heritage Site so you may want to purchase your pass ahead of time to avoid any hassle when you arrive.
If you have an America the Beautiful Pass, you can use this instead of purchasing a red rock pass. We used our national park pass to visit the Honanki Heritage Site.
Don’t have a national park pass? Read our guide featuring why an America the Beautiful pass is one of the best things you can purchase if you plan to visit multiple parks in a year.
Hiking Tip: If you plan to hike additional trails around Sedona over a period of 2–7 days, you should buy the 7 day pass because you will need it at other trailheads in the area.
The Honanki Visitor Center is open 7 days a week from 9:30am to 3:00pm. The site is closed on both Thanksgiving and Christmas. Visitors can explore the short hiking trails around the ruins including several interpretive exhibits. Available services include vault toilets.
Unfortunately, no pets are allowed beyond the parking lot. Please be mindful of the warm temperatures if you are planning to leave your pet in a vehicle.
How To Get To The Honanki Heritage Site
This heritage site is located in a remote red rock canyon about 2.5 hours north of Phoenix and 1.5 hours south of Flagstaff. Many people visit Honanki along with other historical sites in the area as part of a day trip from Sedona or Cottonwood.
- Address: 11450 N Loy Butte Rd, Sedona, AZ 86336
- Location: Google Maps
Forest Rd 525 leading to the Honanki Site from both Cottonwood and Sedona is a very rough gravel road, especially the last few miles. A vehicle with good clearance and 4WD is required.
Because Honanki is farther out compared to some of the heritage sites, we recommend combining your visit with a hike, a 4×4 off road trail or a visit to Palatki. You should plan on extra time when visiting this site and leave 30-60 minutes of fudge time because you will have to drive slowly to reach the parking lot.
Travel Tip: Harsh weather conditions such as rain, snow and extreme temperatures over 100°F will close Honanki. If it’s closed, you will see closed signs at access points along the road.
We rented a Jeep in Sedona in order to reach remote spots like Honanki. However, if you don’t want to rent a jeep you have another option to take a tour with Pink Adventure Tours.
The Pink Jeep Tours Company is the official Honanki Heritage Site steward. Here are a few popular options for jeep tours in the area:
- Pink Jeep tour of Honanki
- Outlaw Trail Jeep Tour
- Sedona Outback Trail Jeep Adventure
- Tours originating in Phoenix and Scottsdale
Make sure you read the descriptions of the tours so you know exactly where they go.
Here are directions to Honanki from Sedona and Cottonwood.
Directions from Sedona:
- Head south on N State Rte 89A towards Forest Rd and at the roundabout, take the 2nd exit onto W Arizona 89A to continue straight. Stay on W Arizona 89A for 9.6 miles and then right onto Forest 525 Rd (you have now reached the rough dirt road).
- Follow Forest 525 Rd for 6.0 miles and make a slight left to stay on Forest 525 Rd. Stay on this road for another 1.2 miles until you reach the intersection with Red Canyon Road. Turn right to stay on Forest 525 Rd and continue another 3.1 miles until you reach the Honanki parking lot.
Directions From Cottonwood:
- Take 89A north from Cottonwood for about 7.0 miles. Turn left onto Forest 525 Rd (this is the rough dirt road) about 0.5 miles north of mile marker 364.
- Follow Forest 525 Rd for 6.0 miles and make a slight left to stay on Forest 525 Rd. Stay on this road for another 1.2 miles until you reach the intersection with Red Canyon Road.
- Turn right to stay on Forest 525 Rd and continue another 3.1 miles until you reach the Honanki parking lot.
Nearby Outlaw Trail
The Honanki Heritage Site is located directly across the road from where the 4×4 off-road Outlaw trail begins. Unfortunately, this makes for a dangerous combination with pedestrians and OTVs.
Please be extremely careful in the parking lot of the Honanki Heritage Site. Many OTVs will speed up Forest 525 Rd throwing stones and dirt from their wheels in all directions. We saw a few close calls between OTVs and pedestrians trying to access the site.
Self-Guided Loop Trail
There is a 0.6 mile self-guided loop trail at the Honanki Heritage Site. Many interpretive signs can be found along the trail explaining how the pueblos were built and how the Sinagua people lived.
The loop begins at the small visitor information booth. But before you start, a forest service employee or volunteer will give you a brief overview of the area and information about the ruins.
Shortly after you pass the information booth, the trail will split at a junction. You can choose to go either right or left at the junction but it does not matter as the trail loops back around to this exact spot.
We took the left and walked in a clock-wise direction and the trail pointed us north towards Loy Butte. After walking for a short distance, you will then reach the base of a large cliff.
There is a small spur trail which climbs to a viewpoint beneath a cliff dwelling. From this location, you will also be able to see some fantastic rock art.
Next, you will follow the trail directly along the base of the cliff. You will pass several dwellings which have been built directly into the overhangs.
Don’t Miss The Rock Art
If you look closely, you will notice many pictographs and petroglyphs above or within the cliff dwellings. There is a small climb required to reach the final dwelling but it’s easily doable.
As you wander through the trail you pass by bushes, pinyon pines and juniper trees making this a great place to briefly escape the hot Sedona sun. Be sure to read some of the interpretive signs too.
Archeologists estimate some of this rock art dates back as early as 5000 BC. We won’t get into any more detail to save some surprises for your visit.
After you have seen the rock art and numerous cliff dwellings, make your way along the loop trail back to the junction and information booth.
If you have any more questions about the Honanki ruins or the area in general, be sure to ask the staff as they are extremely friendly and knowledgeable.
Best Time To Visit
Spring and fall would be the best time to visit Honanki when temperatures are cool. Arizona summer days are extremely hot ranging anywhere from 95°F to 110°F. Very heavy rains are common late June to early August during the early afternoon. It’s important to drink plenty of water and hydrate properly, especially in the summer months.
The Honanki Heritage Site is open year round. We visited Sedona in December and the weather was perfect for hiking at about 60°F. Visiting in the off season also meant fewer crowds.
Winter days in Arizona tend to have an average temperature of around 60°F with lows commonly in the teens. Snowfall is rare but is possible. Forest Rd 525 may be impassible in bad weather so be sure to check the weather forecast when you visit and plan appropriately.
We have lost much of this site due to human recklessness. Here are a few important etiquette tips to consider for your visit:
- No sitting, climbing or standing on ruins or cliff dwelling walls. Ruins are fragile and any of these actions will compromise the site.
- Never touch artifacts. These are important items that should remain exactly where they are located.
- No camping at historical sites. Fires can destroy prehistoric organic materials and also covers the rock art with soot. Check out the DYRT PRO for nearby camping options.
- Stay on marked trails. It’s important not to venture off the trails because our footsteps can destroy fragile ecosystems.
- No graffiti. This destroys rock art and is extremely disrespectful to the cultures who created these wonderful images.
The best advice we can give you is to visit early in the day to avoid the heat and crowds. While most of this area is shaded, early morning will make for a much more enjoyable visit.
Hiking Tip: When exploring outdoors, be sure to always practice the seven principles of Leave No Trace to preserve natural beauty so others can enjoy the same environments.
Honanki Or Palatki?
Personally, we preferred Palatki over Honanki. We had a knowledgeable tour guide at Palatki who was very funny. We liked that you could explore on your own at Honanki, but we felt like we missed information.
But you need a reservation for Palatki which means you will have to plan ahead and this may be a limitation for some visitors. Both ruins are located on Forest Road 525 and you will need to have a high clearance vehicle.
Further Reading: How to visit the Palatki Heritage Site
Honanki is a heritage site located near Sedona, Arizona. We think this is one of the best things to do in Sedona because it showcases indigenous history. The free entry with an America the Beautiful Pass coupled with the remote location makes this an adventure many people enjoy.
Is Honanki worth it?
Yes, the Honanki Heritage Site is worth visiting because it offers a fascinating glimpse into indigenous cultures. We learned how previous civilizations prepared meals, raised their families and learned to survive the harsh desert climates.
If you have plenty of time in your Sedona itinerary, try to visit both the Honanki and Palatki Heritage Site as they are located very close to each other. But if you’re short on time, Honanki might not be worth your effort due to its remote location.
More Historic Sites In Sedona
- How to visit Montezuma Castle + Well
- Complete guide to Tuzigoot National Monument
- What to see at the Palatki Heritage Site
- 5 unmissable ruins near Sedona, AZ
More From Sedona
- 20 Sedona hikes to add to your bucket list
- 20 best things to do in Sedona, Arizona
- 9 epic jeep trails near Sedona
- How to spend the 1-7 days in Sedona
- 15 Sedona sunrise and sunset spots
- 7 cool caves to find near Sedona
- Where to stay when visiting Sedona
Want more Arizona content? Head over to our Arizona Travel Guides to explore the best of Grand Canyon, Sedona and beyond.
We hope this guide to the Honanki Heritage Site near Sedona helps with planning your visit!
Please let us know if you have any questions about visiting the Honanki Heritage Site or your trip to Sedona in the comments below.
Mark and Kristen
Enjoy this Honanki Heritage Site guide? Pin it for your visit!
Note: This article contains affiliate links. When you make a purchase using one of these affiliate links, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.
All Rights Reserved © Where Are Those Morgans, LLC. Republishing this article and/or any of its contents (text, photography, maps, graphics, etc.) in whole or in part is strictly prohibited.
Mark and Kristen Morgan are travel, hiking and photography experts. Over the last 6 years traveling full time, they have explored more than 40 countries and 30 US states.
Where Are Those Morgans has been featured in USA Today, Gestalten, Get Your Guide, CityPASS and Condé Nast Traveler along with various other publications. Read more about us. | <urn:uuid:10e6e976-f95f-4a65-b9e4-490ac3c5573e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://wherearethosemorgans.com/honanki-heritage-site/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475825.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302120344-20240302150344-00114.warc.gz | en | 0.938695 | 3,073 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Current therapeutic modalities targeting treatment-resistant depression are inadequate and clinical need is significant. Resistance to antidepressant drug treatment is observed in approximately 20% of patients with clinical depression and remains a great challenge. Progress is being made, however, with identification of alternative therapeutic candidates.1,2
Psilocin — the psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin, an ingredient of so-called “magic mushrooms”— significantly reduces depressive symptoms for up to 3 months after treatment in individuals diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression, according to a new study published in Lancet Psychiatry.1
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly disabling condition that affects nearly 15 million American adults in a given year.3 It is characterized by significant comorbidity with illnesses including but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cancer, stroke, heart attack, HIV, substance use, chronic pain, and other neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, personality, and stress-related disorders.4,5
The present study, conducted by a group of investigators affiliated with the Imperial College London, University College London, and King’s College London, did not include a control group; however, the authors note in their publication that “Psilocybin has a novel pharmacological action in comparison with currently available treatments for depression (ie, 5-HT2A receptor agonism) and thus could constitute a useful addition to available therapies for the treatment of depression.”
The researchers assessed symptom severity of depression by using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Montgomery-Asberg Depression rating Scale (MADRS), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Only those individuals with moderate (n=3) to severe (n=9) depression at baseline as well as resistance to antidepressant drug treatment were included. None of the study participants had comorbid psychotic disorder, history of suicide attempts or mania, blood or needle phobia, or current drug or alcohol dependence. They were administered 2 oral doses of psilocybin, separated by 7 days: a low dose (10 mg) to establish safety and a subsequent higher treatment dose (25 mg).1
The findings indicate that depression scores in all participants were somewhat reduced from baseline even at 24 hours after treatment. Significantly reduced depression scores from baseline were observed in all patients at 1 week and were sustained until 3 months posttreatment. Complete remission was seen in 8 patients at 1 week after psilocybin administration, and 5 of these individuals met the same criteria after 90 days. A number of participants (n=7) met criteria for response (50% reduction in BDI score relative to baseline) at 3 months after psilocybin treatment. Both anxiety and anhedonia scores were also significantly reduced from baseline at 7 and 90 days posttreatment.1
“Because this was a small-scale feasibility study with an open-label design, strong inferences cannot be made about the treatment’s therapeutic efficacy. However, the data do suggest that further research is warranted,” the authors concluded.1
Aside from psilocybin, another alternative approach for treatment-resistant depression is ketamine, a glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.2 Both of these highly promising therapeutic agents are receiving wide preclinical attention as potential treatment options in various clinical settings, including the area of treatment-resistant depression.
1. Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, et al. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7. [Epub ahead of print]
2. DeWilde KE, Levitch CF, Murrough JW, et al. The promise of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression: current evidence and future directions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1345:47-58.
3. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demier O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:617-627.
4. Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, et al. Depression, chronic disease, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007;370:851-858.
5. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA. 2003;289:3095-3105. | <urn:uuid:d86be7ac-9f6e-4f28-86e7-af98f9fd8ced> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/home/topics/mood-disorders/depressive-disorder/psilocybin-effective-for-treatment-resistant-depression/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056120.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918002951-20210918032951-00121.warc.gz | en | 0.910634 | 1,005 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Researchers have snapped the most detailed ever image of a cell membrane, all the way down to the nanoscale. The image could finally settle a long-standing debate in biology on how it functions, and introduce a powerful new tool to biologists’ toolkit.
Every living cell’s membrane is put together from a thin sandwich of lipids, which are fat molecules, interspersed with other bits of organic materials such as proteins and carbohydrates. It’s a pretty nifty system — the fatty bilayer, for example, keeps all the watery stuff inside the cell from mixing with the watery stuff outside the cell. Proteins act as pumps and decide what goes through the membrane and when, or serve as landing areas for signaling molecules so the cell can talk with its pals. Some carbohydrates act as ID tags. Then there’s one other bit whose function — as far as can be summarized if you keep tabs on cytological debates, which I’m sure most of you do — seems to be solely to sow discord and disagreement into the ranks of biologists.
These tiny bits are known as lipid rafts and, although there’s a pretty solid body of documentation as to what they are and what they do, haven’t really caught with all cellular biologists. The short of it is that they act as independent, more compact domains than the rest of the membrane, making it behave a little wobbly, and their movements allow the cell to activate or inactivate proteins along its membrane.
So, a team led by John Katsaras, Senior Biological Systems Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Neutron Sciences Directorate, decided to take a picture and find out.
“It became a debate,” Katsaras said. “Some people believed they exist, while others believed they didn’t. There was a lot of circumstantial evidence that could support either side.”
The way they went about it could fundamentally change how living nanoscale structures are studied in the future.
Looking at the really small
When biologists want to take a peek at the going-ons inside a cell, they normally use fluorescent compounds designed to attach to a particular molecule and tag it, making it visible under the optical microscope. But since we don’t really know what lipid rafts do (so we don’t know where to add the fluorescent tags), and because they’re probably too tiny to spot under the microscope, this doesn’t really work in their case.
An electron microscope could probably make them out with ease, but the thing is that to find out how these rafts behave you need to observe a living cell. Since cells are made so tiny, atoms are basically brick-sized compared to them. Electrons, then, are bullet- or pellet-sized. To a living cell, an electron microscope is basically a death-spewing chaingun. So that won’t work either.
In the end, the team decided to use a mix of genetic and chemical labeling techniques to add a hydrogen isotope to the membranes of living Bacillus subtilis cells. Then, they used a method called neutron scattering to chart the arrangement of different molecules in the bacterium’s cell membrane. Neutron scattering was picked because it’s less energetic than electron microscopy, meaning the particles aren’t (necessarily) deadly to the bacteria.
So why are the isotopes there? Well, although less energetic, neutrons are way heavier than electrons. So it’s not exactly deadly, but the particles are powerful enough to affect the cell and interfere with its membrane’s internal processes. Furthermore, while it could spot the rafts, neutron scattering couldn’t tell it apart from the rest of the membrane, so the team needed to tag them with something that stands out.
Bag and tag
Since 99.98% of all hydrogen atoms currently in existence only have a single proton for a nucleus, the isotopes the team used, which have an extra neutron attached to the nucleus and are known as deuterium, is pretty conspicuous. And while they chemically function the same (since neutrons don’t affect the atom’s valence/electrical balance), physically they do differ enough to scatter neutrons in a different way — so they were both easy to spot and unlikely to occur naturally.
The team genetically edited a new strain of B. subtilis with a slightly different ratio of hydrogen to deuterium in its membrane compared to wild strains. If there were no rafts, they should see a uniform distribution of these altered fat molecules throughout the membrane.
Instead, their imaging showed areas with pronounced differences in lipid arrangement, which matched the proposed size of the lipid rafts — very strong evidence for their existence. Even better, the technique they developed for the study could fundamentally change how biologists peer into the workings of living cells.
“The people who study these things tend to use particular types of probes,” says Katsaras.
“They didn’t use neutron scattering because it wasn’t in the biologist’s wheelhouse. Our novel experimental approach opens up new areas of research.”
These differentiated areas aren’t visible in the team’s model, but it does an exemplary job of showing how a cell’s outer layers are structured — watery cytoplasm covered with the lipid layer the team was investigating in the middle, and the outer cell wall at the top.
The full paper “The in vivo structure of biological membranes and evidence for lipid domains” has been published in the journal PLOS ONE. | <urn:uuid:ad663a9a-fd97-4394-b9ff-c12178da0206> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.zmescience.com/science/biology/membrane-nanoscale-snap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650201.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604161111-20230604191111-00788.warc.gz | en | 0.946537 | 1,182 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Advancing toward a Weather-Ready Nation
Date Posted: September 21, 2012
|In 2011, the country experienced the greatest number of multi-billion dollar weather disasters in the nation’s history.|
Severe weather has dominated the headlines over the past couple of years. In 2011, record-breaking snowfall, cold temperatures, extended drought, high heat, severe flooding, violent tornadoes, and massive hurricanes have all combined to reach the greatest number of multi-billion dollar weather disasters in the nation’s history.
And things aren’t letting up. Right now, much of the United States is in the worst drought since the 1950s, and this year may be the warmest year on record for the country.
As the nation becomes more vulnerable to extreme weather, NOAA is working hard to meet that challenge through the Weather-Ready Nation initiative. Enhanced decision-support services coupled with upgraded technology and supported by the work of all our partners have all come together over the last year to make the country more Weather-Ready.
Empowered with life-saving decision support
One of the corner stones of a Weather-Ready Nation is people empowered with the information they need, in the way they need it to make fast, smart and life-saving decisions. This vision of empowerment is what fuels the six community-based pilot projects launched over the last year.
|Pilot projects are now operational in six locations and range in focus from emergency response to integrated environmental support services.|
Pilot projects are now operational in Silver Spring, Md.; Fort Worth, Texas; Sterling, Va.; Slidell, La.; Tampa Bay, Fla.; and Charleston, W.Va., and range in focus from emergency response to integrated environmental support services. The pilot projects are helping these communities reach the highest level of preparedness and resilience to high-impact weather while sharing best practices and lessons learned with other offices across the country.
NOAA also launched a demonstration of Impact-Based Warnings at five Midwest Weather Forecast Offices. These warnings included a new impact statement to provide a description that recipients could relate to something they’ve seen or heard about from prior high-impact events, and thus be better motivated to seek shelter. As a result of the project, the U.S. Air Force moved 16 aerial refueling tankers from McConnell Air Force Base prior to the storms developing April 14, 2012. Later that evening, a mile-wide tornado moved across the runways at McConnell Air Force Base.
Better information for better decisions
|NOAA’s nationwide implementation of dual-pol radar technology is now more than half way to completion.|
Data flowing from a new generation of instruments onboard the Suomi NPP satellite, a joint NASA/NOAA mission, are being used in NOAA’s global numerical weather forecast system a record seven months after launch, nearly three times faster than previous missions. This data will improve NOAA’s weather prediction models for both short and long-term forecasts.
Here on the ground, NOAA’s nationwide implementation of dual-pol radar technology is now more than half way to completion. Dual-pol provides weather forecasters with enhanced information so they can more accurately track and assess weather systems and warn the public. Americans are benefiting from the new technology almost immediately after installation.
The advanced computing and connectivity capabilities of smart phones and tablets put relevant data from weather satellites, radars, and forecast models into the hands of nearly everyone in the country in a format that is easy to understand and share with others. Official weather warnings are now available via cell phones, Google Maps, and social media.
A national dialogue underway
Building a Weather-Ready Nation starts with internal actions at NOAA, but requires the participation and commitment of a vast nationwide network of partners.
|The first in the series of National Dialogue events was held in Norman, Okla., last December.|
The first in the series of National Dialogue events was held in Norman, Okla., last December where key actions were identified ranging from stronger integration of social and physical sciences in the extreme weather forecast and warning process to reduced false alarm rates and an assessment and update of warning dissemination.
As a follow-on a workshop was held in April, in Birmingham, Ala. Weather-Ready Nation: Imperatives for Severe Weather Research brought together more than 60 participants including civil engineers, economists, emergency managers, psychologists, public health providers, urban planners and more. Participants identified research recommendations in the areas of false alarms, misperception of forecasts and warnings, and other barriers to a Weather Ready Nation.
One need identified was stronger integration of social and physical sciences. To that end, NOAA has awarded funding for four, two-year research projects to better understand human behavior and affect decision-making during weather-related events and the formulation and communication of forecast uncertainty, or forecast confidence.
Your part in a Weather-Ready Nation
Because a truly Weather-Ready Nation requires the action of each person and community, NOAA’s National Weather Service is calling on all of us to Be a Force of Nature when it comes to extreme weather.
Being a force of nature means never bowing to extreme weather. It means taking appropriate actions before, during and after extreme weather. Even more than that, being a force of nature means inspiring others to do the same through setting an example in your community and social networks.
Just as one storm can devastate a community, one ready person can save a life. Together, we can make a difference. | <urn:uuid:00dbacd4-9ff8-4565-904c-77307a723358> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/weatherreadynation/news/092012_anniversary.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701987329.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205195307-00075-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92864 | 1,132 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This plate originally belonged to a set of plates produced in the Guanchzhou porcelain workshops for the Russian Imperial court. This was the second porcelain service featuring Russian heraldic symbols to be produced in China, the first being a set of apothecary vessels commissioned by Peter the Great around 1720 to furnish the chemists he had recently established.
Trade relations between Russia and China developed steadily after 1727, when a trade agreement between the two nations facilitated the movement of goods across their borders. Expeditions to discover the 'secret' of Chinese porcelain were common at this time, and it is possible that this plate was one of the items brought to Russia for analysis by experts keen to unlock the secrets of Chinese porcelain production.
Pieces produced in the Far East featuring Russian heraldic symbols are extremely rare. Apart from the apothecary vessels mentioned above and the set to which this plate belonged, only one other object of this kind is known: a cup with a portrait of Anna Ioannovna, located in a private collection. | <urn:uuid:48887a6b-97d8-4827-aefa-13c4fc8e38f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/a-porcelain-armorial-dessert-plate-china-guanchzhou-5247080-details.aspx?intObjectID=5247080 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120206.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00532-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968319 | 218 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Stone Mountain is situated sixteen miles east of Atlanta in DeKalb County, Georgia. As its name implies, it is literally a mountain of stone, 5,000 feet long, seven miles around the base, and a mile to the summit up the sloping side. It is the largest solid body of granite in the world, containing approximately 7,543,750,950 cubic feet of stone above the surface. Its foundations underlie almost half the State of Georgia. At varying depths the sub-strata of Stone Mountain granite have been encountered in borings as far north as the Blue Ridge Mountains, 75 miles distant, and as far south as the coastal plain, 250 mile distant.
Time has not produced the slightest decay in this "great granite monster" during all the ages since "the laboring earth disgorged it bare to sun and storm." A thousand centuries of erosion have touched it as lightly as the clouds touch the sky. Since the dawn of Creation it has stood as it stands when we look upon it, unchanged, unchanging, imperishable.
On its northern side Stone Mountain drops in a sheer, perpendicular precipice almost a thousand feet from summit to base.
Across this mammoth page of granite Gutzon Borglum, the noted sculptor, is engraving a perpetual and indestructible monument to the men and women who fought, suffered, sacrificed and died for the Southern Confederacy.
His plan provides three main features:
1. The Panorama.
2. The Memorial Hall.
3. The Amphitheater. | <urn:uuid:6e335acf-a627-4fd7-9202-998432227871> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug97/stone/borglum1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931008720.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155648-00111-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942823 | 319 | 3.015625 | 3 |
ESP is an automated molecular biology laboratory that fits in a pressure housing. It can detect microbes and other tiny living organisms using their DNA. It can also detect other biologically important compounds such as toxins generated during harmful algal blooms. It is used by biomedical marine researchers
Sunday, November 17, 2013
Spirobranchus giganteus, feed using their radioles (hair-like appendages or feathers) to catch phytoplankton. Found on coral reefs in tropical waters worldwide. Shed their gametes into water where eggs and sperm become part of the zooplankton, carried by the currents. Come in colors of orange, yellow, blue and white. Small with an average of 3.8 cm in span, Retract into burrows when sensing danger. Their plumes are used for respiration. These are the most widely known sedentary polychaete worms
Tuesday, November 12, 2013
We used two small gatorade bottles as our base, a plastic piece as out keel, a big popsicle stick stuck as our rudder, and a plastic bag as our sail. We designed it specifically to be able to hold the 20 marbles sufficiently. However, our times were bad because our keel and rudder were ineffective so our boat did not travel straight.
Sunday, November 10, 2013
Darwin sailed around the world discovering new plant and animal species. Proposed the theory of natural selection and evolution. He was an English naturalist, one of six children, and received a Royal Societies Royal medal for his work on barnacles. His father was a doctor and Darwin married his own cousin.
The tiger shark is scientifically known as Galeocerdo cuvier. Found in tropical or temperate waters, it is common around pacific islands. Females mate once every 3 years. The tiger shark is an apex predator and is known to eat anything. This is a near threatened species due to finning and fishing. Their jaw has adapted to be wide and powerful, their teeth are adapted to be as sharp as a serrated blade, and their eyes are adapted to be able to change to low light levels quickly. Known as the garbage can of the sea, Hawaiians thought they were sacred, and they live up to 50 years.
Sunday, November 3, 2013
I would like to be a marine biomedicinal researcher. These people find cures for illness and disease through oceanic resources. New pharmaceutical companies are focusing on developing drugs from marine resources, so this field is in high demand. To find a cure for cancer through the natural resources of our ocean would be amazing. Also, i am just genuinely interested in a field that combines nature and medicine. This seems like a unique and fulfilling job for me. | <urn:uuid:280d987b-3884-4806-9383-615b0ae86faf> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://huffstutlers.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689779.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923213057-20170923233057-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.974214 | 567 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Many breast cancers are treated by removing as much of the cancer as is possible, and then using one or more other therapies to kill or control any remaining cancerous cells. A lumpectomy removes the cancerous tissue while leaving the remaining breast tissue intact. A mastectomy is a more extensive procedure but can still vary in the amount of the breast removed. While mastectomy was once the preferred treatment even in early stage breast cancer, more choices have become available. Now, lumpectomy followed by radiation has been demonstrated to be as effective as a mastectomy in treating early stage breast cancer. In performing either a lumpectomy or mastectomy, a doctor may remove some or all of the lymph nodes under the arm to help assess whether the cancer has spread.
There is a great deal of new research being performed in the field of breast cancer treatment, and your doctor is your best source of information. A new experimental drug called T-DM1 which contains herceptin has recently shown promise in early trials in increasing survival time in patients with aggressive Her-2 positive breast cancers. However the drug is only experimental and is not approved as more research is needed. Other drugs, some with fewer side effects than older drugs, are being developed for treatment and there is still a lot of research into developing possible preventative drugs for those at high risk. Finally, there are promising gene-targeting drugs and vaccines, some of which are already being used on a limited, or trial, basis. | <urn:uuid:4015e673-0aa5-4035-93ba-24a085a78c6c> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://labtestsonline.org.uk/understanding/conditions/breast/start/5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398471436.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205431-00135-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9723 | 299 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Additional things to know questions on the us history subject test may be presented as separate items or in sets based on quotes, maps, pictures, graphs or tables. Us/ga history exam the university of georgia united states and georgia history exam us history to 1877: 40 questions: minimum passing score: 24. Eleventh grade (grade 11) us history questions for your custom printable tests and worksheets in a hurry browse our pre-made printable worksheets library with a. Us history end-of-course assessment sample questions the intent of these sample test materials is to orient teachers and students to the types of. The clep history of the united states ii exam covers material that is usually taught in the second semester of a two-semester course in united states history. Us history free-response questions united states history section i, part b free-response questions from the 2016 ap united states history exam. A test form is a set of released test questions previously administered together to texas students which us history: 2017 | 2016 | released test forms and. The united states of america is a physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more khan academy is a nonprofit and answer questions about.
Us history practice test your score will show at the end after you answer all the questions it instituted draft laws for the first time in us history. Each quiz is composed of 10-12 multiple choice questions to test your knowledge of the major topics of study in a p american history when the u s. The most essential and often asked terms and supreme court cases on the nys us history regents know these = pass your test of the us 1781-1788 quizlet inc. The 100 civics (history and government) questions and answers for the naturalization test are listed below the civics test is an oral test and the uscis officer will.
Explore timing and format for the ap united states history exam, and review sample questions, scoring guidelines, and sample student responses. Practice with sample test questions world and us history: content knowledge (0941/5941) history the praxistm the praxis tm the praxis the praxis the praxis. United states history and government regents exam in us history and government in answering any of the questions during the examination. Online united states history quiz for kids test your knowledge of the us constitution with our for questions or comments about this site please email.
Hone your historical thinking skills and explore us history from the colonial re-answering questions explore how us policies championing the. The civics practice test is a study tool to help you test your knowledge of us history and government this practice test contains 20 questions. You can use the free response questions and scoring guidelines below as you prepare for the ap united states history.
Us history | science sample questions sample us history questions the test booklet contains 50 minutes of test questions and brief student questionnaires. Ap united states history exam sample responses - college board. Us history practice quizzes if you would be interested in purchasing a set of topical us history crossword quiz questions have been assembled from a.
Test results released in june showed that fewer than one-quarter of all students are proficient in american history the results, released in the nation's.
Free staar us history test practice questions test preparation help and eoc review questions. The sat subject test in us history it is recommended that the student begin the test by quickly scanning through all the questions and choosing familiar us. Best us history quizzes - take or create us history quizzes & trivia test yourself with us history quizzes, trivia, questions and answers. Us government test prep home → sparknotes → history study the united states had hesitated to open a second front during the war to help save the soviet. Us history eoi sample test questions pass 11 standard 1 the student will demonstrate process skills in social studies pass objective 11: identify, analyze, and. | <urn:uuid:a49a83fb-870f-43cf-af5f-7c27917f7498> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://gphomeworkfrrl.voteforthegirls.us/u-s-history-exam-questions.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864798.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522151159-20180522171159-00581.warc.gz | en | 0.891412 | 819 | 3 | 3 |
It’s no secret that as the temperature drops, heart attacks go up: Frigidly cold temperatures plus overexertion (shoveling a foot of snow off of your car’s roof, anyone?) are to blame. But so, too, may be another of winter's gifts: the holidays. The risk of having a heart attack is a whopping 37 percent higher on Christmas Eve, peaking at 10 p.m., according to a new analysis published earlier this month in the British Medical Journal.
The researchers analyzed over 280,000 heart attacks in Sweden over a 16-year period. While the biggest spike was on Christmas eve, there was also increased risk on Christmas day, Boxing Day (December 26), New Year’s Day and Midsummer (an important Swedish summer holiday). People over the age of 75, and people with chronic health conditions such as heart disease or diabetes, were at even higher risk.
This finding isn’t very surprising to cardiologists, ER doctors or even primary care physicians. Other research has found that deaths from heart disease shoot up around Christmas and New Year’s more than at any other time. “We call them ‘Christmas coronaries,’” says Darria Long Gillespie, an emergency department physician, national spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians and author of the upcoming book Mom Hacks: 100+ Science-Backed Shortcuts to Reclaim Your Body, Raise Awesome Kids, and Be Unstoppable. There are a few reasons why:
Emotional roller coasters. ‘Tis the season for stress — whether it’s financial (how are you going to swing your share of the bill for the whole-family holiday cruise?) or emotional (are you really going to have to listen to your brother’s political ramblings for three hours again this year?). Depression, too, plays a role. “The holidays are hard for older adults, who may not have as much social support as they did when they were younger, and thus feel lonely and isolated,” says Waqar Khan, an interventional cardiologist in Houston and an affiliate faculty member at the Baylor College of Medicine. And the same emotions that leave you feeling anxious and frazzled can also raise levels of hormones such as norepinephrine and adrenaline, which in turn can raise your blood pressure and heart rate enough to boost your heart attack risk.
Subzero temperatures. Baby, it’s cold outside … and when you’re exposed to it, blood vessels in the exterior portions of your body constrict, which in turn raises blood pressure and increases strain on your heart, says Gillespie. Pair that with walking into a house filled with family drama, and it’s the perfect recipe to land you in the ER.
You put off care. "People are much more likely to ignore symptoms such as chest pressure or shortness of breath if they've got family visiting, or are out of town, because they don't want to disrupt festivities,” notes Gillespie. “They figure they'll deal with it once the holidays are over, but by then it may be too late."
But although research does show a higher chance of heart attack, experts say you shouldn't avoid Christmas festivities out of an overabundance of caution. “Even though I have anecdotally noticed an increased risk around the holidays, it’s still relatively low for those with very few risk factors for heart disease,” reassures Khan. If you are otherwise fit and healthy, you probably don’t need to think twice about rockin’ around the Christmas tree. If you do have a higher risk of heart disease than you'd like, experts recommend a few sensible precautions this time of year:
Avoid overexertion. Unless you’re in great physical shape, leave the shoveling to your son-in-law. Otherwise, if something feels like a physical stretch for you, think twice about taking it on during the holiday red zone.
Watch what you eat and drink. Resist the urge to pig out: Research has found a fourfold increase in heart attack risk in the two hours after eating a big meal. “Digesting a meal, especially a high-fat one, temporarily raises heart rate and blood pressure,” explains Gillespie. Lay off the booze, too: Binge drinking has been linked to what's called “holiday heart syndrome.” “When you drink too much alcohol, you can worsen atrial fibrillation,” a condition that causes irregular heartbeat that's present in many older adults, says Khan.
Take complaints seriously. If your partner is complaining of nonstop indigestion, pay attention. “Symptoms of a heart attack, especially in women, can be subtle,” explains Khan. Persistent pinching or burning in your chest, bad heartburn, or unexplained arm or back pain, can all signal the start of something bad, and you shouldn't hesitate to call your doctor — or head straight to the ER.
Don’t let your emotions get the best of you. This is particularly true if you often feel isolated or alone. “The holidays are a really important time to reach out to friends, family and neighbors, especially if you don’t already have a strong social network,” says internist Michael Hochman, the director of The Gehr Family Center for Health Systems Science at the University of Southern California.
But if the thought of spending an entire evening with your extended family makes you sick to your stomach, consider calling it a night with them a few hours earlier, and penciling in a little more time with friends or family whose company you enjoy. “Anything you can do that brings you joy will lower your stress levels and in turn lower your risk of heart disease,” says Gillespie. | <urn:uuid:a3192d84-13e0-477c-96f9-616db867b7df> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2018/christmas-eve-heart-attack.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500356.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206145603-20230206175603-00381.warc.gz | en | 0.953363 | 1,218 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Antonia Cooper and her research team had been diving for two hours. Hailing from the University of Tasmania’s Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies and the citizen science program Reef Life Survey, the group had received a tip from the public that a rare species of fish had been spotted near a reef miles off Tasmania’s south-east coast, and the divers wanted to find it.
But with more than half of their three-and-a-half-hour search already over, the team hadn’t found the fish. Cooper was ready to call it a day and gestured for her diving partner to call off the rest of the group. Before heading back in, she was half-heartedly fiddling with a stray piece of algae when she spotted something red in the water.
“Lo and behold, I found a red handfish,” Cooper says in a video. “That was very exciting.”
Named for their hand-shaped fins, red handfish are benthic ocean dwellers that crawl on the seafloor with their limbs. They grow to be between two and five inches long, and they eat small crustaceans and worms. Red handfish actually come in two color variations—one a bright red and the other marked by red embellishments.
The species is easily one of the rarest fish in the world, says University of Tasmania research fellow Rick Stuart-Smith. The elusive fish were first spotted near Port Arthur on the Tasman Peninsula in the 1800s. Until now, a group of only 20 to 40 fish were known to be living on a stretch of reef near Hobart’s Frederick Henry Bay.
Cooper’s new find may double the known population of red handfish to an optimistic 80 individuals. There could still be other undiscovered populations out there, Stuart-Smith says.
“We’ve already learned a lot from finding this second population because their habitat isn’t identical to that of the first population,” Stuart-Smith says in a statement. “So we can take some heart from knowing red handfish are not as critically dependent on that particular set of local conditions.”
Fourteen known species of handfish are endemic to the waters off south-east Tasmania. The small, colorful, sedentary fish are not built for long-distance swimming, so it’s likely the newly discovered population is genetically different from the Hobart population.
Handfish are critically endangered. They lay their eggs at the base of pieces of seaweed, so it’s easy for those eggs to get jostled or knocked off by swimmers and boats. They’re also threatened by poaching to be used as pets, and their low reproductive and dispersal rates don’t help their dwindling numbers either.
Because they live in small, isolated populations, Stuart-Smith says handfish are sociable within their groups. This means location-based conservation programs might be a good way to revitalize the species.
Spotted handfish are still seen around Hobart, and Australia has instituted a national recovery plan for some threatened species. Another species, Ziebell’s handfish, hasn’t been seen in more than a decade, leading scientists to think it has gone extinct, or are at least very close.
“The only thing that would have been more exciting last week,” Stuart-Smith says, “would have been finding the Ziebell’s and finding out that they’re not extinct.”
Source : National Geographic | <urn:uuid:794b10b7-df66-45ba-b6c4-d286d3af7a0f> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://theunexplainedmysteries.com/2018/01/26/fish-hands-caught-red-handed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107863364.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201019145901-20201019175901-00023.warc.gz | en | 0.972489 | 740 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) individuals describe chronic feelings of anger, emptiness, depressions and anxiety. They experience extreme frustration and anger, and occasionally experience brief psychotic episodes. They describe chaotic relationships and "confused identities." Even among those who have not attempted suicide, suicide ideation is common. The quality of life ratings for some of the problems frequently experience by BPD individuals suggest that their quality of life is amongst the lowest.
Cutting ~ see Self-Injury
Describe (Mindfulness Skill). Put words on the experience. When a feeling or thought arises, or you do something, acknowledge it. For example, say in your mind, "Sadness has just enveloped me."... or... "My stomach muscles are tightening."... or... "A thought 'I can't do this' has come into my mind"... or... "walking, step, step, step..."Put experiences into words. Describe to yourself what is happening. Put a name on your feelings. Call a thought just a thought, a feeling just a feeling. Don't get caught in content.
Dialectic: In classical philosophy, dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is a form of reasoning based on the exchange of arguments and counter-arguments, advocating propositions (theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses). The outcome of such an exchange might be the refutation of one of the relevant points of view, or a synthesis or combination of the opposing assertions, or at least a qualitative transformation in the direction of the dialogue.
DBT / Dialectical Behavior Therapy: is a therapeutic methodology developed by Marsha M. Linehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, to treat persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Distract (Distress Tolerance Skill) is the goal of reducing contact with emotional stimuli and is done when Wise Mind ACCEPTS with: Activities, Contributing, Comparisons, (Opposite) Emotions, Pushing Away, (other) Thoughts, and Sensations.
Distress tolerance crisis survival skills have to do with the ability to accept, in a non-evaluative and nonjudgmental fashion, both oneself and the current situation. The goal is to become capable of calmly recognizing negative situations and their impact, rather than becoming overwhelmed or hiding from them. This allows individuals to make wise decisions about whether and how to take action, rather than falling into the intense, desperate, and often destructive emotional reactions.
Skills for acceptance include radical acceptance, turning the mind toward acceptance, and distinguishing between "willingness" (acting skillfully, from a realistic understanding of the present situation) and "willfulness" (trying to impose one's will regardless of reality). Participants also learn four crisis survival skills, to help deal with immediate emotional responses that may seem overwhelming: distracting oneself, self-soothing, improving the moment, and thinking of pros and cons.
Effectively (Mindfulness Skill). Focus on what works. Do what needs to be done in each situation. Stay away from "fair" and "unfair", "right" and "wrong", "should" and "should not".Play by the rules. Don't "cut your nose off to spite your face."Act as skillfully as you can, meeting the needs of the situation you are in. Not the situation you wish you were in; not the one that is "just"; not the one that is "more comfortable"; not the one that...”Keep and eye on your objectives in the situation and do what is necessary toachieve them.Let go of vengeance, useless anger, and righteousness that hurts you and doesn't work.
Emotion Mind. This describes times when your emotions are out of control -- times when emotions are what influence or control your thinking and behavior.Emotional Mind can also be very beneficial.Emotions are what motivate us to action.Emotions are what keep us attached to others and building relationships.Emotion Mind can be aggravated by: Illness, Lack Of Sleep, Tiredness, Drugs, Alcohol, Hungry, Bloating, Overeating, Poor nutrition and/or lack of exercise, Environmental stress and threats
Emotion Regulation is the module in which we learn to understand how our emotions work, and the skills we need to manage our emotions instead of being managed by them, to reduce how vulnerable we are to negative emotions, and to build positive emotional experiences.
IMPROVE the moment (Distress Tolerance Skill) with: Imagery, Meaning, Prayer, Relaxation, One Thing in the Moment, Vacation and self-Encouragement.
Interpersonal Effectiveness module focuses on situations where the objective is to change something (e.g., requesting that someone do something) or to resist changes someone else is trying to make (e.g., saying no).
Mindfulness is one of the core concepts behind all elements of DBT. Mindfulness is the capacity to pay attention, nonjudgmentally, to the present moment. Mindfulness is all about living in the moment, experiencing one's emotions and senses fully, yet with perspective. It is considered a foundation for the other skills taught in DBT, because it helps individuals accept and tolerate the powerful emotions they may feel when challenging their habits or exposing themselves to upsetting situations.
Non-judgmentally (Mindfulness Skill). See but don't evaluate. Take a nonjudgmental stance. Just the facts. Focus on the "what", not the "good" or the "bad", the "terrible" or the "wonderful", the "should" or the "should not."Unglue your opinions from the facts, from the "who, what, when and where."Accept each moment, each event as a blanket spread out on the lawn accepts both rain and sun, each leaf that falls upon it. Acknowledge the helpful, the wholesome, but don't judge it. Acknowledge the harmful, the unwholesome, but don't judge it.When you find yourself judging, don't judge your judging.
Observe (Mindfulness Skill). Just notice the experience. Notice without getting caught in the experience. Experience without reacting to your experience.Have a "Teflon Mind" letting experiences, feelings, and thoughts come into your mind and slip right out.Control your attention, but not what you see. Push away nothing. Cling to nothing. Be like a guard at the palace gate, alert to every thought, feeling, and actions that comes through the gate of your mind.Step inside yourself and observe. Watch your thoughts coming and going, like clouds in the sky. Notice each feeling rising and falling, like waves in the ocean. Notice exactly what you are doing.Notice what comes through your senses: your eyes, ears, nose, skin, tongue, See others' actions and expressions.
One Mindfully (Mindfulness Skill). Do one thing at a time. When you are eating, eat. When you are walking, walk. When you are bathing, bathe. When you are working, work. When you are in a group, or a conversation, focus your attention on the very moment you are in with the other person. When you are thinking, think. When you are worrying, worry. When you are planning, plan. When you are remembering, remember. Do each thing with all of your attention. If other actions, or thoughts, or strong feelings distract you, let go of distractions and go back to what you were doing-- again and again and again. Concentrate your mind. If you find you are doing two things at once, stop and go back to one thing at a time.
Participate (Mindfulness Skill). Enter into your experience. Let yourself get involved in the moment, letting go of ruminating. Become one with your experience, completely forgetting yourself.Act intuitively from Wise Mind. Do just what is needed in each situation, like a skillful dancer on the dance floor, be one with the music and your partner, neither willful nor sitting on your hands.Actively practice your skills as you learn them until they become a part of you, so that you use them without self-consciousness.
Pros and Cons (Distress Tolerance Skill) Make a list of the pros and cons of tolerating the distress. Make another list of the pros and cons of not tolerating the distress - that is, of coping by hurting yourself, abusing alcohol, or drugs, or doing something else impulsive. Focus on long-term goals, the light at the end of the tunnel. Remember times when pain has ended. Think of the positive consequences of tolerating the distress. Imagine in your mind how good you will feel if you achieve your goals, if you don't act impulsively. Think of all of the negative consequences of not tolerating your current distress. Remember what has happened in the past when you have acted impulsively to escape the moment. Ask yourself, “Will this event that is distressing me going to matter in 5 years?”
Radical Acceptance. Radical means all the way. Freedom from suffering requires ACCEPTANCE FROM DEEP WITHIN. It is allowing yourself to go completely with whatever the situation is. Let go of fighting reality. ACCEPTANCE IS THE ONLY WAY OUT OF HELL WHICH MUST NOT BE INTERPRETED AS APPROVAL OF THE DISTRESSFUL SITUATION Pain creates suffering only when you refuse to ACCEPT the pain. Deciding to tolerate the moment is ACCEPTANCE. ACCEPTANCE is acknowledging what is. To accept something is not the same as judging it to be good.By stopping your self from fighting, the rage or anger you feel will dissipate as long as you continue to accept your condition or your faulty perceptions to events or interpersonal communications difficulties. You will be amazed at how much better you will feel when you are able to accept.
Reasonable or Rational Mind. This is your rational, thinking, logical mindIt plans and evaluates things logically.It is your "cool" part.Reasonable Mind can be very beneficial.It is easier to be in Reasonable Mind when you feel good.It is much harder to be in Reasonable Mind when you don't feel good.
Self-injury (SI) is deliberate infliction of tissue damage or alteration to oneself without suicidal intent. These acts may be aimed at relieving otherwise unbearable emotions, and/or sensations of unreality and numbness. Self-harm is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) as a symptom of borderline personality disorder and depressive disorders. It is sometimes associated with mental illness, a history of trauma and abuse including emotional abuse, sexual abuse, eating disorders, or mental traits such as low self-esteem or perfectionism, but a statistical analysis is difficult, as many self-injurers conceal their injuries.The relationship between self-harm and suicide is a complex one, as self-harm behaviour may be potentially life-threatening, with or without the intent of suicide. However, attributing self harmers as suicidal is, in the majority of cases, inaccurate.
Self-Soothe (Distress Tolerance Skill) is a way to distract from a crisis using each of your five senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
Turning the Mind. Acceptance of reality requires an act of CHOICE. It is like coming to a fork in the road. You have to turn your mind towards the acceptance road and away form the rejecting reality road. You have to make an inner COMMITMENT to accept. The commitment to accept does not itself equal acceptance. It just turns you toward the path. But it is the first step. You have to turn your mind and commit to acceptance OVER AND OVER AND OVER again. Sometimes, you have to make the commitment many times in the space of a few minutes.
Willfulness is like sitting on your hands when action is needed, refusing to make changes that are needed.Willfulness causes you to fight any suggestions that will improve the distress and thus make it more tolerable.Willfulness is giving up. It is the opposite of doing what works, of being effective. Willfulness is trying to fix every situation or refusing to tolerate the distressful moment.
Willingness is doing just what is needed in each situation, in an unpretentious way. It is focusing on effectiveness. Willingness is listening very carefully to your WISE MIND, acting from your inner self. Willingness is becoming aware of your connection to the universe - to the earth, to the floor you are standing on, to the chair you are sitting on, to the person you are talking to.Ask yourself, in 5 years from now, will the situation that causes the distress matter?
Wise mind is the integration of emotional and reasonable mind.You cannot overcome or control emotional mind with reasonable mind.You cannot create emotion mind with reason.You must go within and integrate these two states of mind.Wise mind is that part of each person that can know and experience truth.It is where the person knows something to be true or valid.It is where the person knows something in a centered (balanced) way.It is almost always quiet and calm in this part of the mind.
|Mindfulness is balancing emotion mind and wise mind.||Distress Tolerance is when you have a problem you cannot solve, but you don't want to make it worse.||Emotion Regulation is having less negative emotions and vulnerability, and more positive emotional experiences.||Interpersonal Effectiveness is asking for what you want and saying no effectively.|
acceptance affirmations Amygdala Hijack Anger apps Articles Books Borderline Personality Disorder Breathing Children couples meditation cutting DB Self Help DBT Hierarchy DBT manual DBT Path DBT Recordings DBT Self-Help App for smart phones DBT Skills Poster DBT with Couples DBT with Eating Disorders depression Dialectical Diary Cards Distress Tolerance Distress Tolerance Box Distress Tolerance Module Emotion Regulation Module facing your feelings forgiveness Glossary grounding Handouts Hierarchy holidays How to Raise Your Frequency Interpersonal Effectiveness Module manual Marsha Linehan MBT meditations Mentalization Mentalizing Mindful Eating mindfulness Mindfulness Module One Moment Meditation Palm the Present Moment Panic List Parents physical grounding Reasons for Living recordings Releasing Trauma Safety Plan self injury Self Soothe self talk Sleep stress Support Groups Online The DBT-CBT Workbook Tonglen Understanding the Brain Urge Surfing Validation visualizations What is Borderline (BPD)? What is DBT? What is EID? What is Mindfulness? wise mind | <urn:uuid:f2b3b140-a31d-48de-b498-0ca241875c78> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://www.hoodriverdbt.com/2011/01/dbt-glossary.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999817.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625092324-20190625114324-00441.warc.gz | en | 0.93199 | 3,040 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Vasari Corridor, View into the Church of Santa Felicita, Florence, Italy
The Corridor was built in 1564 by Giorgio Vasari, and it served to link Pitti Palace, where the Grand Duke resided, with the Uffizi where he worked. Vasari thus created a monumental urban “footpath” that took the absolute power of the ruler right into the historic heart of the city. It is a covered walk an overhead passageway that starts out from the West Corridor of the Gallery, heads towards the Arno and then, raised up by huge arches, follows the river as far as the Ponte Vecchio, which it crosses by passing on top of the shops. The meat market on the bridge was at this time transferred elsewhere, so as not to offend the Grand Duke’s sensitive nose with unpleasant smells on his walk, and replaced (from 1593) with the goldsmiths who continue to work there today. On the other side of the Arno, the corridor passes through the interior of the church of Santa Felicita, down the tops of the houses and the gardens of the Guicciardini family until it finally reaches the Boboli gardens (one of the exits stands beside Buontalenti’s Grotto) and the apartments in the Pitti Palace. The Corridor was restored and reopened to the public in 1973 but can only be visited by appointment or to groups. Apart from the fact that the visitor can enjoy some magnificent and little-known views over the city from its round windows, the passageway contains over 1000 paintings, all dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as the important collection of self-portraits by some of the most famous master painters of the 16th to 20th centuries. | <urn:uuid:96c4d824-58fd-4ef2-ab50-7c7e1d5d1e99> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://giafrese.com/store/stock-photography/italy/florence/vasari-corridor-view-into-the-church-of-santa-felicita-florence-italy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647758.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322014514-20180322034514-00631.warc.gz | en | 0.969505 | 370 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The history of constellation mapping and naming
The activity of mapping stars and constellations dates from antiquity. The Sumerian civilization was already recording the movement of stars in the night sky around 3000 BCE. The Greeks also made considerable contributions to the field. The idea of connecting stars into recognizable patterns, or constellations, is also ancient. However, the Greeks were the first who came up with the system of naming them, and their contributions still shape the modern understanding of the field.
The Greek astronomer Ptolemy, who lived in the 2nd century, made an important contribution to astronomy, in his work called Almagest. In it, he included the positions and names of a great number of stars and constellations. Ptolemy perpetuated the system of creating constellations: connecting the stars in recognizable shapes and assigning them names of mythological figures or objects, which was already in use in his day. His work was considered one of the most important contributions to astronomy for more than a thousand years, even though later discoveries significantly modified his Map of the Stars.
In the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance, the astronomy of the ancient Greeks was overshadowed by the contribution of Islamic astronomers. The stars' names, coined by the ancient Greeks, owed a significant debt to Arabic, as they were translated to the Arabic language throughout this period. As the Renaissance came about, the study of astronomy was thoroughly transformed, with constellations receiving new, arguably more scientific names. The main astronomers during this era established many of the familiar star names still in use today, and their findings laid the groundwork for scientific astronomy as it is practised today.
The twentieth century saw the steady increase of our knowledge concerning the cosmos. With advances like radio telescopes and satellites, familiar constellations gave way to newer discoveries, leading to the recognition of new constellations. The International Astronomical Union is responsible for the scientific standardization and naming of all new astronomical discoveries. | <urn:uuid:39302429-3cf8-49b4-9dd0-a3f48867b37e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.stars-gazer.com/1212/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506028.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921141907-20230921171907-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.967255 | 399 | 3.515625 | 4 |
In the early school years, you won’t see dramatic changes in your child’s motor skills because this is a period of refinement, when coordination improves and fine motor skills are sharpened. But you will notice remarkable changes in his social and thinking skills. Your child is now building on the base of skills he developed during early childhood and moving toward greater independence, both intellectually and emotionally.
Here are some of the milestones you can expect of a 7-year-old:
- hand-eye coordination is well developed
- has good balance
- can execute simple gymnastic movements, such as somersaults
Language and Thinking Development
- uses a vocabulary of several thousand words
- demonstrates a longer attention span
- uses serious, logical thinking; is thoughtful and reflective
- able to understand reasoning and make the right decisions
- can tell time; knows the days, months, and seasons
- can describe points of similarity between two objects
- begins to grasp that letters represent the sounds that form words
- able to solve more complex problems
- individual learning style becomes more clear-cut
Social and Emotional Development
- desires to be perfect and is quite self-critical
- worries more; may have low self-confidence
- tends to complain; has strong emotional reactions
- understands the difference between right and wrong
- takes direction well; needs punishment only rarely
- avoids and withdraws from adults
- is a better loser and less likely to place blame
- waits for her turn in activities
- starts to feel guilt and shame
Tips on Parenting a 7-Year-Old
Now more socially aware, your child thinks about the world around him.
- This is a time of fragile self-esteem, so offer frequent encouragement and positive feedback.
- Help ease the tendency for self-criticism by stressing what he’s learned rather than how the final product looks.
- Be patient and understanding of volatile emotions and moods.
- Take advantage of his eagerness to learn by asking open-ended, thought-provoking questions, doing puzzles, and playing thinking games.
- Initiate discussions about right vs. wrong.
- Provide opportunities for independent decision-making.
“Snapshot” of a 7-Year-Old
This story of Nick illustrates the range of skills, interests, and abilities considered typical development for this age.
“Hey, Mom,” yelled Nick as he burst into the house after school.
“I’m out in the yard,” answered Caroline, Nick’s mother.
Understanding the World through Questioning
Nick threw his backpack on the sofa and dashed outside, blurting out his exciting news. “Guess what! This year we get to have a time in class when we can ask any question we want. And Ms. Briggs said there are no stupid questions and she would answer all of ours or help us find the answers. So today I asked why dogs have a tail and I don’t, and Ms. Briggs answered it. Can you believe it? She really meant what she said. She didn’t think I was just trying to be funny. I think I’m really going to like second grade. It was lots of fun today.”
Before school began, Nick’s older brother told him second grade was boring because you just do the same thing you do in first grade; just a lot more of it. So Nick had not looking forward to going to school. He could already read some second grade books and do borrowing and carrying in math.
“Thank goodness for Ms. Briggs,” thought Caroline.
“I’m going to write down all the questions I can think of,” continued Nick enthusiastically.
“I’m sure Ms. Briggs will love that,” laughed Caroline with a roll of her eyes.
Ms. Briggs didn’t know what she had in store for her. Children Nick’s age have an endless number of questions about every subject in the world. The questions are continuous, and Nick was a pro at asking questions.
Just last week after church Nick asked, “Who is God? What does he look like? Has anyone ever seen him? If we haven’t seen him, how do we know he’s real?”
Caroline sighed and thought about Ms. Briggs. Now she can be the Queen of Answers.
Nick continued with his excited dialogue, “And Mom, and Mom, we also get to have a Resolution Court. Any time there is a fight or an argument we have the Court. And guess what? I was the one who knew what “resolution” meant, so I got to be the first one picked.”
“How wonderful,” said Mom.
“We’ll all get a turn on the Resolution Court, but I’m one of the first. What a cool day!” Nick said excitedly. “Today I didn’t care if they called me ‘brainy’ or not.”
Nick was becoming more aware of who he is and the differences between himself and others. In the past, he didn’t like kids to call him “brainy” because it made him feel different. Nick once told his mom that it might have been better if he had been born with less brains and more talent to play baseball. Caroline was pleased to see her son happy about feeling rewarded for who he was.
Accepting Differences of Opinion
Nick had Mom’s attention and was certainly going to take advantage of his time with her.
“Mom, you know we’re trying to decide where to go for a vacation. Well, I was reading some books about the best beaches to visit and one book said Florida beaches were best and another book said the best beaches were in South Carolina. How can they disagree? Isn’t one beach better than the other based on facts? How can you make a decision when they tell you different things? I thought I would be able to find out what beach is best by reading a book. Don’t authors have to be right? How can they both be right?” Nick said in a torrent.
“Nick, both authors can be right as to how they view the beaches,” explained Caroline. “The authors like one beach better than the other depending on their judgment – just like you enjoy asparagus and Jack doesn’t. It’s a matter of personal preference.”
“So I can believe that one beach is better than the other, and Jack can believe what he wants to believe?” questioned Nick.
“Exactly.” Said Mom. “A difference of opinion makes the world go round.”
“That’s silly,” quipped Nick. “Opinions can’t make the world go round.”
Caroline laughed. One of these days Nick would be able to see the world as shades of gray instead of black and white and not be so literal. In the meantime, she would just have to be a good listener and gently guide him to understand and accept differences of opinion.
Remember that although the milestones mentioned here are typical, children pass through these stages at their own pace. Some will be earlier, some a little later. Discuss any concerns you may have about your child’s development with your pediatrician or teacher. | <urn:uuid:169289bf-d959-4ec6-8140-429c586d39de> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/developmental-milestones-your-7-year-old-child/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375099173.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031819-00100-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971262 | 1,574 | 3.671875 | 4 |
With more than 50 trailheads within 30 minutes of downtown, Chattanooga is filled with incredibly scenic places to hike. But you may be surprised just how many of them also play a big part in the history of the region. You don’t have to go far to find hikes that take you back in time and allow you to learn the history of how Chattanooga came to be. Here are five local hiking destinations that offer both excellent trails and a history lesson along the way.
1. Cravens House
Lookout Mountain rises above Chattanooga and offers a wide variety of scenic outlooks and activities. It was also the site of many historic events, including several significant battles in the Civil War. The Battle of Chattanooga , also known as the Battle Above the Clouds, ended with a victory for the north in 1963 and brought the city under Union control.
Located about halfway up the mountain on the Tennessee side, Cravens House is the last of the structures from the Civil War remaining on Lookout. It was used at various times as headquarters by both Confederate and Union leadership, and it was nearly destroyed in battle. Restored in 1866, however, Cravens House remains a wonderful place to reflect on the past as well as find an impressive panoramic view of the city.
From Cravens House, you have access to several of the mountain’s best hiking trails, which are moderately technical and difficult. The Big Daddy Loop is a 10-mile route that features fantastic views of the valley and the nearby Sand and Raccoon Mountains. The distance and difficulty, however, make this one for more serious hikers. The Guild Hardy Trail is a 5-mile option that takes advantage of an old railroad bed built in 1887, so the climbs are more gentle. The Point Park Loop is a 4.5-mile trail that includes a good amount of climbing, but you’ll end up an outlook that features one of the best views of Chattanooga.
2. Audubon Acres
Audubon Acres , located southeast of downtown Chattanooga, is a wonderful place to learn more about the Native American history in the area. It is a registered site on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail , which commemorates the forced relocation of Indian nations in the southeast, starting with the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The 132-acre Elise Chapin Sanctuary features more than four miles of easy, family-friendly hiking trails to help you explore the area.
The park features the Spring Frog Cabin, believed to have been built by Cherokee in the mid-1700s and representative of the homesteads of the early 19th century. You can also explore the Little Owl Village, an archeological site that offers evidence of habitation dating back to the 1500s. As for the hikes, you’ll find very scenic paths along the South Chickamauga Creek (in addition to an impressive suspension bridge over it), and lots of wildlife to observe.
3. Red Clay State Historic Area
The Red Clay Historic Area is a 263-acre preserve of narrow valleys that was the last seat of the Cherokee national government before their forced removal in 1838. The park houses an interpretive facility that features exhibits on 19 th century Cherokee life as well as the Trail of Tears.
The park features two family-friendly hiking trails. The Blue Hole Trail takes you on a short walk past the beautiful Blue Hole Spring, a deep pool that arises from beneath a limestone ledge before emptying into Mill Creek. The 1.7-mile Council of Trees Trail loops through the woods and features a stone lookout platform with scenic views. In the summer, kids will enjoy cooling their feet in the clear water that flows from the Blue Hole Spring. Picnic tables, a pavilion, and open spaces for recreation also are available in the park.
4. Chickamauga Battlefield
The Chickamauga Battlefield, the site of a long and bloody Civil War battle, is located south of Chattanooga just across the state line into Georgia. Part of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park , which also includes Moccasin Bend, Missionary Ridge, and Lookout Mountain, the Chickamauga Battlefield preserves the site of the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863, which was the Union’s worst defeat in the western theater and involved the second highest number of casualties of any battle in the war, behind only Gettysburg.
You’ll find a number of guided tours at the park to help you understand more of the history involved. If you want to explore on your own, there’s a lot of ground to cover, filled with 19th century cannons and reconstructed log cabins in the grassy meadows. Most of the actual trails are asphalt, which make for easy walking. In fact, all those paved trails and roads have made this a popular spot for cycling and running. The Chickamauga Battlefield Marathon takes place entirely in the park.
5. Pot House Trail
The Pot House Trail , located about 25 minutes from downtown Chattanooga in the Tennessee River Gorge, offers visitors an excellent self-guided tour that provides both historical information and amazing views of the valley. The 3.5-mile loop trail features some moderately strenuous climbs, including a stop at Azalea Point that’s more than 1,000 feet in elevation. You’ll also find the restored Pot Point Cabin , which was originally built in 1835 from lumber reclaimed from boat that crashed on the Tennessee River. It was restored in the 1990s and is now available for rent.
Take the pamphlet with you provided by the Tennessee River Gorge Trust, which provides 12 stopping points along the trail along with historical information at each point. You’ll find out about the whiskey-making history of the area, as well as information on the plants and wildlife. You can complete the loop in about two hours, and you’re sure to be impressed by the views of the gorge.
Originally written for Chattanooga CVB. | <urn:uuid:e5428c11-181d-4ddb-8c1e-e272d970026b> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://rootsrated.com/stories/5-historical-hikes-around-chattanooga | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256082.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20190520162024-20190520184024-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.962055 | 1,221 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Our attitudes toward money are shaped at an early age. Where we end up on the financial literacy spectrum often depends upon our parents’ feelings about the topic. Were financial discussions taboo in your family? Or were they treated as teaching moments? Here’s how my dad’s transparent approach helped mold me into the person I am today.
Lesson #1 – Budget for Large Purchases.
Looking back, you could say that I’ve always had an interest in personal finance. I remember driving home from cross country practice with my dad, and instead of rehashing how practice went, we’d talk about what it meant to refinance a mortgage. He even tried to teach me about home equity (back then that went right over my head). During my teens, my dad and I shared many open conversations about finances, and I know I’ve greatly benefited from his guidance.
Here’s a specific story that stands out to me. One weekend my dad came home with a beautiful wooden doorframe for the entrance to our patio. I remember him telling me that he could’ve gone to Home Depot months ago and purchased the door on credit. Instead, he saved money every month until he had enough to pay for it out of pocket. My dad went on to explain that he can swipe his credit card and buy lots of stuff, but a credit card shouldn’t be considered “free money.” It’s actually money you owe and must quickly repay. This was my first life lesson on budgeting for large purchases, credit card debt and the importance of living below your means.
Lesson #2 – Set Goals.
I was a very curious kid. My dad talked to me about personal finance because I asked about it. Sometimes I got a little too curious, like when I found my dad’s personal notepad and couldn’t resist reading it. I stopped when I saw my dad’s salary goal for the next year. I wished I could un-see it. I felt I violated his personal space. However, this turned out to be another important lesson for me—don’t settle and just accept the status quo. Set goals and strive to improve!
The life lessons with the door and the notepad came full circle much sooner than I would’ve expected. During junior high and high school my best friend and I ran our own landscaping company. Living in the Chicago suburbs, we enjoyed an especially profitable business during the winter months. The first generation iPod Touch came out in September 2007 and I desperately wanted one. So, what did I do about it? I found a small box and wrote “iTouch Money: $299” on the lid and set aside my share of landscaping profits. By February 2008 I was the proud owner of an iPod Touch!
Lesson #3 – Be Realistic, But Never Give Up on Your Dreams
I’m the second oldest of four. My dad is a salesman and my mom worked hard to care for our family of six. Sometimes money could be tight. I can recall a few occasions where my dad sat the family down and told us Christmas might look a little different that year or shared that we had to scale back on trips to Sam’s Club. He ran a transparent household. When it came time for college, my siblings and I each knew how much our parents had saved to our 529 accounts. My dad made it quite clear that once the 529s ran dry, we were responsible for the remaining college costs. He also reinforced the financial wisdom that incurring debt at a young age was undesirable.
I was absolutely adamant about going to school out of state. I applied to a bunch of schools and ran the numbers with my dad. I knew that attending our community college was the most economical route but not being able to attend a college of my choice left me feeling devastated. There went my big college hopes and dreams! I’m not kidding when I say that after this discussion, I mowed my neighbor’s lawn, crying the entire time. Then, something totally unexpected happened. To make a long story short, I interviewed for a full-tuition, out-of-state scholarship and won it. That made my college choice easy and put a smile on my face!
Family members, teachers, and many others begin to shape our attitudes toward money at an early age. If you find yourself in the presence of your financial role model this holiday season, don’t forget to tell them “thank you”! Thank you, Dad! | <urn:uuid:58ef53a9-a971-4591-8613-acd4e4ac5ec3> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.bedelfinancial.com/lifelong-gifts-from-my-financial-role-model | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203378.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324063449-20190324085449-00559.warc.gz | en | 0.975185 | 950 | 2.75 | 3 |
AI in Digital Learning: Benefits, Applications and Challenges
When considering artificial intelligence being used in a learning context, images of robots teaching a class may come to mind. However, there is no need to worry about robots taking your job anytime soon. In fact, there are actually many ways that artificial intelligence can make your job easier – and also create a better experience for learners.
In this article, we’ll cover what artificial intelligence is, the benefits of artificial intelligence, how it is being used in digital learning and some of the challenges associated with this technology.
Start your career in Digital Learning with our Professional Diploma
What is artificial intelligence?
Artificial intelligence, or AI, involves using computer systems to mimic tasks that are normally associated with human intelligence. Some examples of these tasks include decision-making, speech recognition, problem-solving, pattern recognition and self-learning.
One subset of AI that is particularly prevalent within digital learning is called machine learning. This is a concept that describes the ability for computers to learn and improve without programming. One reason machine learning has been so valuable in digital learning is its ability to analyse and make predictions from large sets of data.
Benefits of AI in digital learning
AI has transformed the world of digital learning and will continue to do so as the technologies further advance. But why exactly is AI such a secret weapon when it comes to eLearning? We dive into five of the top benefits of AI below:
One of the main advantages of using AI in digital learning is having the ability to more effectively and efficiently personalise learning experiences. AI-powered technology can create tailored learning experiences in a way that an instructor would never have the time to be able to. This technology can create personalised learning paths, curate and recommend content and address knowledge gaps or difficulties. In turn, this personalisation helps create a better learner experience and also improve the learning outcomes.
A further benefit of AI in digital learning is the amount of time it can save for instructors and other digital learning professionals. In a traditional learning environment, instructors previously had to spend hours arduously grading exams and answering student queries. But with AI, these tedious tasks are able to be automated. AI-powered tools can grade assessments, recognise and intervene if learners are struggling, and answer common learner queries with chatbots.
We’re currently living in the Age of Big Data. And this increased access to extensive data has touched nearly every industry – including digital learning. As we previously mentioned, machine learning has created even further opportunities to benefit from data. This AI-driven data analysis method involves computers essentially learning from data patterns. Because of the ability to make predictions about future learning outcomes and learners’ needs, machine learning has become an invaluable tool within digital learning.
One of the most profound benefits of AI in digital learning is the impact that it has on making learning more accessible. With translation tools, chatbots and tools that provide descriptions of visual content, AI is making learning more accessible for neurodivergent learners, and those with hearing or visual impairments. However, AI isn’t only making learning more accessible for learners with differing needs, but also learners in different locations. AI makes it possible to learn from wherever you are in the world, without having to enter a classroom.
Improved learner experience
It’s well known that emotions play an important role in the ability to learn and retain knowledge. Therefore, it’s vital to ensure that learners are motivated, engaged, and overall have a positive learning experience. And AI-powered tools can contribute greatly to the enhancement of the learning environment. With content personalised to learners’ needs and the ability to get assessment scores and answers to questions quicker than ever, learners benefit from an overall improved experience.
Ways AI is used in digital learning
Now that we’ve covered what AI is and why it is so beneficial in digital learning, you’re probably wondering how you leverage the power of AI in your education or training programs. Below we look at four ways that AI is currently being applied within digital learning:
Previously, instructors and other L&D and education professionals had to curate content by hand. However, AI has completely transformed the process of content curation. Depending on the tool, either learning platform administrators or learners themselves can choose topics that they are interested in and let AI-powered tools do the work for them of curating relevant courses, content and knowledge.
Many tools don’t even require that learners input topics they are interested in. Rather, AI machine learning has the power to predict their interests and create personalised content recommendations based on the data. One example of an AI-powered content curation tool is Anders Pink. This tool uses AI technology to scour the web for the most relevant content based on learners’ interests. This way, L&D teams can save time by letting AI do the work for them.
Natural language processing
Natural language processing, or NLP, is a type of AI technology that uses algorithms to detect, analyse, model and translate human language. Two well-known examples of NLP virtual assistants are Apple’s Siri, and Amazon’s Alexa. However, these types of technologies are not only used to make our lives easier, but also our learning experiences better as well. And NLPs in the form of voice-based virtual assistants are becoming more and more common within the context of digital learning. Some common uses are providing technical or user support, facilitating onboarding, signposting learners, and reinforcing learning.
One of the most popular applications of AI in digital learning is chatbots, which is a type of technology that simulates human conversation through the use of computers. Chatbots have become so advanced that oftentimes users are not even aware they are communicating with a computer and not a real person. One well-known case of this happened at Georgia Tech, when a professor built a chatbot that students believed to be a real teaching assistant. One benefit of using chatbots in digital learning is that students can receive consistent and instantaneous information. This saves time for digital learning professionals as well, as it reduces the amount of queries they have to answer.
Predictive analytics, which are a type of AI, have become hugely valuable in the world of digital learning. One common use of predictive analytics is automating “nudges” to be sent, which are triggered by learner data. This is based on the nudge theory, which proposes that gently encouraging people to make certain decisions will influence their behaviour. And within eLearning, it is used as a tool to motivate learners and improve outcomes. One case study of an initiative involving AI-powered nudging was done at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. The program, titled “Nudging Students to Success” involved building a predictive analytics model to influence student behaviour.
Challenges of AI in digital learning
Although AI has generally been a positive force within digital learning, as with many novel technologies, it does come with some challenges as well. We’ll look at three of the main challenges of AI in digital learning.
One challenge of AI in digital learning revolves around the ethical and transparent use of data. As AI-driven machine learning algorithms operate by using learner data, this has raised concerns around data storage and protection. Another ethical issue associated with AI in digital learning is the fallibility. Since machine learning intelligence is based on pattern recognition, it lacks the discernment of human intelligence. Therefore, there is a risk that AI could unfairly discriminate or make inappropriate recommendations. For this reason, the ethics around accountability and liability are another challenge that must be addressed.
Although many AI-powered digital learning tools are relatively user-friendly and don’t require specialised skills, they are nevertheless a new type of technology that may require training and onboarding to use. Therefore, one challenge of AI in digital learning is equipping teachers, course facilitators, and L&D teams with the knowledge to leverage the most benefit from AI.
As some professionals may be apprehensive of these novel types of technologies, an effective approach to change management is helping them to understand the time-saving benefits that can come from tools, such as chatbots and task automation.
Data system capabilities
L&D teams within corporations may already have access to sufficient employee data for AI processes. However, when it comes to gathering data for public education purposes, this can be much more challenging. Since you’re dealing with larger data sets and inconsistent procurement, this makes it difficult for AI technologies that rely on data to function. So when it comes to reaping the most benefit for decentralised education systems, this is still an ongoing challenge.
Final thoughts about AI in Digital Learning
AI is the way of the future. This technology has already transformed a wide range of industries, with digital learning included. However, while AI can offer so many benefits for training and education, it does not come without challenges as well. Therefore, it’s important that digital learning professionals inform themselves about both the advantages and pitfalls of AI.
To learn more about how AI is used in digital learning, a Professional Diploma in Digital Learning Design can provide you the fundamental knowledge you need to better understand and leverage this technology in your learning programs. | <urn:uuid:baa0b9b7-06c7-4d08-95b6-c92f747bc42f> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.digitallearninginstitute.com/blog/ai-in-digital-learning-benefits-applications-and-challenges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.95285 | 1,939 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Burma War Medal, awarded to an Indian soldier from Bengal or Madras, 1832
Obverse, the elephant of Ava at right bowing before the British lion at left, who stands before a Union Jack flagstaff
Reverse, an army approaching a coastal city, with boats at sea to the left beyond a tall palm
Burma War Medal, 1832 (First Anglo-Burmese War), silver
In 1824 raiding by Burmese troops of King Bagyidaw of Ava, in modern-day Myanmar, into the border states of Sylhat and Cachar (now both in India) caused their independent rulers to appeal for help from the British in India. This led to an orchestrated reprisal expedition whose aim was to take Rangoon. The campaign lasted through two years of extremely difficult fighting, but in 1826, with his forces driven from Assam, Rakhine and Manipur, King Bagyidaw agreed a treaty with the British. He was to abdicate in 1837.
This medal was awarded by the British East India Company to the Indian troops involved in what was called the "war in Ava"; Europeans and naval and marine forces were awarded a bar to the Army of India Medal in 1851.
This silver issue of the medal was awarded to Indian troops from Bengal and Madras in 1832; officers received a gold version. It is unnamed, so the soldier who received it cannot be identified. Lester Watson purchased the medal from the London dealer Spink at some point before 1928. | <urn:uuid:d29d75d6-c5a4-41c2-ba90-e7f2b7fe62a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/collection/watson/page53.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171629.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00094-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976917 | 319 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Thanks for contributing an answer to arduino stack exchange. Humid humidity temperature sensor module quickstart guide. Dht11dht22 temperature and humidity sensor using arduino ide. In our experiment we are using dc gearbox motorsalso known as tt motors that are usually found in twowheeldrive robots. Dht11dht22 sensors with arduino tutorial 2 examples. Hence, any arduino based robot can implement this type of motor control using l298n. Control speed of motor with temperature using dht11, dht22. Select the board that you are using if you are using the redboard with the atmega328p, select arduino genuino uno and com port that the board enumerated on and hit upload. In the following instruction only the leonardo board will be mentioned, but the same procedure is valid for all the arduino boards.
In particular, how to connect multiple sensors and how to write the code for it to an arduino. Im getting 999 in values failed to read from dht sensor. Arduino dc motor control using l298n motor driver pwm. Gnd of the arduino is connected to the ground pins of the oled and both. The wiring diagramsschematics below show you how to connect 3 or 4 pin temperature and humidity sensors to the arduino uno. The dht22 also named as am2302 is a digitaloutput relative humidity and temperature sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin no analog input pins needed.
The dht11 data pin is connected to pin 4 and the dht22 data pin is connected to pin 5. The dht22 sensor also known as the am2302 reference and his little brother the dht11 are temperature and humidity sensors. The microsd card shield from sparkfun comes with 4 headers two 6 pin and two 8 pin headers. You can use the dht22 or am2302 humiditytemperature sensor and the arduino uno board to read data and print it out to the serial monitor or to display.
These must be soldered to the shield before it can be used. The am2302 is a wired version of the dht22, in a large plastic body. An arduino library for the dht series of lowcost temperature humidity sensors. Esp8266 dht11dht22 web server arduino ide random nerd. Dht22 sensor is used to sense the room temperature and then we adjust speed of a dc fanmotor accordingly using pwm pulse width modulation. Start by plugging the bluetooth module on the breadboard. How to use the dht11 temperature humidity sensor with. As usual, the connections between the arduino and the other components is further described below to make the schematics easier to follow.
The following instructions are for windows 7, vista and 10. Here we are going to make a temperature controlled dc fan. The sensor will measure the temperature and humidity of the room and will display the results on the serial monitor. If nothing happens, download github desktop and try again. An arduino library for the dht series of lowcost temperaturehumidity sensors. Complete guide for dht11dht22 humidity and temperature sensor with arduino this article is a guide for the popular dht11 and dht22 temperature and humidity sensors with the arduino. The components required for temperature and humidity sensor dht22 arduino interfacing are as follows dht22 arduino uno lcd 10k resistor 10k potentiometer 220 ohm resistor bread board connecting wires. Arduino stack exchange is a question and answer site for developers of opensource hardware and software that is compatible with arduino. Now that we have a complete understanding of how dht sensors work, we can begin hooking it up to our arduino. Find these and other hardware projects on arduino project hub.
They are valid also for windows xp, with small differences in the dialog windows. A reader of my book arduino projects to save the world recently asked me about the dht11 and dht22 sensors. I know the esp8266 is working because it sends the 999 to. In this tutorial we will learn how to use a dht dht11 version temperature and humidity sensor. Its accurate enough for most projects that need to keep track of humidity and temperature readings. I have used them plenty of times, but not in parallel. Wiring connecting dht11 and dht22 am2302 to arduino uno. Try to plug it to a usb hub powered by an external power source. Its humidity range is 0100% and temperature range is 40 125c thats why i prefer dht22 as compared to dht11. Interface l298n dc motor driver module with arduino. How to get the dht22 or dht11 temperature and humidity sensor working with arduino using adafruit libraries. You can use the dht22 or am2302 humiditytemperature sensor and the arduino uno board to read data and print it out to the serial monitor or to display it on an lcd. Note that the lcd display should be compatible with the hitachi hd44780 driver.
Arduino interface with st7735 tft and dht22 sensor. Whilst we are using an arduino uno for this demo, you could use a different model or change the connection pins if you prefer, not forgetting to make appropriate adjustments to the code. Now that we know everything about the module, we can begin hooking it up to our arduino. Now, we have to make the connections from the bluetooth board to the arduino so that both can communicate via the serial connection. Speed of motor can increase and decrease with temperature measured suing dht11, dht21 and dht22 modules and l298n motor driver module. Before i go to next step i think i need to tell you some thing about dht22. Dht11 vs dht22 easy to use with an arduino but which one. Works great connected to my arduino uno, but the esp8266 wont read the dht22. Well explain how it works, show some of its features and share an arduino project example that you can modify to use in your own projects. This article describes about how to connect with arduino. Dht22 with arduino humidity and temperature sensor with. It is interesting to note that the pins on the sd card shield are the same pins on the arduino uno. It is a basic, digital temperature and humidity sensor. Dht11dht22 sensor with arduino random nerd tutorials.
After installing the library, open the example from the arduino ide by clicking file examples sparkfun rht03 arduino library rht03exampleserial. Downloads dht11, dht22 and am2302 sensors adafruit. Luckily, it is trivial to connect dht11, dht22 sensors to arduino. Codebender includes a arduino web editor so you can code, store and manage your arduino sketches on the cloud, and even compile and flash them. We will support both of them for driver part but only v1. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin no analog input pins needed.
Temperature and humidity sensor dht22 arduino interfacing. Want to be notified of new releases in adafruitdht sensorlibrary. Again we will be using a library specifically designed for these sensors. I am using dht22 temperature and humidity sensor with arduino uno r3 and getting its data from arduino serial monitor. How to use the dht11 temperature and humidity sensor with an arduino. After soldering the headers, we can just mount the shield on top of the arduino uno. Am2302 wired dht22 temperature humidity sensor adafruit.
Wiring connecting dht11 and dht22am2302 to arduino uno. Dht11 datasheet in chinese, so see the dht22 datasheet too. Communicating with the humidity temperature sensor module requires a driver for the dht22. This is a comprehensive arduino library to obtain ozone o3 concentration in. As what was done in the previous topic, the measured temperature and humidity values are displayed on 1602 lcd screen. Arduino uno is the heart of this project and a l293d driver ic is used to drive the dc fanmotor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin. This means that we connect all the negative sides of the control signal connections to ground. Control speed of motor with temperature using dht11, dht22 and. Tb6600 stepper motor driver with arduino uno and stepper motor wiring diagram in this tutorial, we will be connecting the driver in a common cathode configuration. Temperature controlled fan using arduino hobby project. The connections of the dht22 temperature and humidity sensor with arduino are as. The wiring diagramsschematics below shows you how to connect 3 or 4 pin. In this arduino tutorial we will learn how to use the dht11 or the dht22 sensor for measuring temperature and humidity with the arduino board.
But avoid asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. This page downloads was last updated on oct 28, 2019. Failed to read dht22 sensor using arduino uno arduino. After the interfacing of the arduino with dht11 rht01 sensor, lets see how to connect the arduino with dht22 am2302 rht03 digital humidity and temperature sensor. Arduino dc motor control using l298n motor driver project can be the beginning step of many advanced projects. Jump to different section of video by clicking on the time. We have used the dht22 sensor instead of dht11 because dht22 has a wider temperature and humidity range. Nrf24l01 based wireless weather station with dht22 and 3. In this example weve used 5v for vin and d2 for data.
Tb6600 stepper motor driver with arduino tutorial 3 examples. Rht03 dht22 humidity and temperature sensor hookup guide. Tutorial interfacing dht11 dht22 am2302 with arduino uno and 16x2 character lcd. Finally, navigate to and select the driver file named arduino. Almost all robots have wheels and we need to control the motors connected to those wheels. You then need to connect the power for the bluetooth module.808 1136 517 458 184 1145 1641 398 296 274 1385 878 1326 1442 1492 857 1612 411 839 317 854 1584 633 1075 983 566 1654 278 852 1525 756 1351 262 823 1490 171 640 360 566 1019 | <urn:uuid:3ddc8dd7-d3e0-4ddc-931a-74f60126a02f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://quisupames.web.app/690.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571232.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811012302-20220811042302-00719.warc.gz | en | 0.847285 | 2,275 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Destruction is Simplification
Drought doesn't just kill. It fundamentally alters ecosystems, contracting the possibilities and relationships they contain. At top is the food web of a freshwater stream before drought. Below is the stream's web after drought.
Citation: "Drought alters the structure and functioning of complex food webs." By Mark E. Ledger, Lee E. Brown, François K. Edwards, Alexander M. Milner and Guy Woodward. Nature Climate Change, 9 September 2012.
Image: Ledger et al./Nature Climate change (Larger image) | <urn:uuid:db500193-3c9e-4ffc-bdb4-189b55cb72db> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/12/science-figures-2012/?pid=5586 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708145189/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124225-00073-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879197 | 115 | 2.75 | 3 |
Troy J. Bouffard
Throughout the Cold War, the international community often feared the worst concerning environmental behavior in Russia. However, post-Soviet Russia continues to make significant progress in environmental stewardship in one specific region – its Arctic coastline and maritime region. The contrast between on- and offshore priorities remains notably disparate, especially in policies and behaviors. While previous examination remains lacking in this context, it is important to ask – how, and especially why, does Russia maintain a significantly different Arctic offshore emphasis concerning the environment? The argument supported in this article suggests that, while Russia maintains a discernible difference between Arctic land territory versus maritime behaviors, initial intuition behind “why” indicates that Russia might possibly be setting conditions in order to eventually leverage soft powers, and ultimately, jurisdiction of an expanded amount of maritime surface territory in the Arctic. In support of the examination, the use of authoritarian environmentalism provides the framework in which to view the evidence and perspectives. Two case studies provide methodology, including aspects: 1) involving notable environmental problems within Russian Arctic land territory located around Norilsk mining as well as the Usinsk oil pipeline, and 2) focusing on Russian efforts toward offshore environmental remediation, prevention, and protection efforts. The actual differences in policies and behavior seem clear as a result, and perhaps helps establish the start of a discussion concerning the “why” in order to start investigating the potential greater reasoning behind such environmental behaviors, and maybe even what to anticipate. | <urn:uuid:4fa40795-3da2-4adb-bc55-079b42eedd28> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://arcticyearbook.com/arctic-yearbook/2018/2018-scholarly-papers/288-authoritarian-administration-an-environmental-paradox-in-the-russian-arctic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151972.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210726000859-20210726030859-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.940003 | 297 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Six of twenty-one species of Synthyris are native to Oregon, though some are uncommon to rare; in fact Synthyris reniformis is the only commonly familiar species in Oregon.
It may be a little misleading to make it the January plant pick, but it is one of the very first flowers to appear in the native shade garden, in mild winters yes, as early as January! Okay, though it more usually appears during the late-February through April start on the season, it is still one of the earliest flowers to appear and what gives it its common names of Spring Queen and Snow Queen.
First named by Lewis and Clark near what is today Cascade Locks, S.reniformis the most widespread and commonly found Synthyris in Oregon, and is really the only one commonly available in nurseries. It makes its home in woodland settings at low elevations.
Its diminutive size and liking for wooded, duff-covered settings makes it somewhat invisible; but look closely in the late winter /early spring and you will be rewarded with the view of the persistent delicacy of the perennial Spring Queen’s lovely little blue-to-blue-violet flowers in the otherwise quiet wasteland of the winter garden, a true herald of spring!
And, as one of the first to bloom in spring, it is also a valuable nectar source for the earliest of the season’s garden pollinators, an added plus….Spring is just around the corner!
We offer a great selection of Northwest Natives from spring through fall. The plants featured are highlighted favorites, but they do not represent ALL of the plants we carry. For a more complete list, see our Northwest Native Plant List. | <urn:uuid:c2b69314-ea9c-49ff-93dc-0525e4f6dc77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.portlandnursery.com/natives/synthyris | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962687 | 354 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The page may not load correctly.
A vulnerability in Android, named MasterKey, was discovered in 2013. It uses the features of the operating system's way to validate and process the content of .APK files during the applications installation. By using this vulnerability, attackers can install any malicious program on affected mobile device in the guise of legitimate application—this is achieved by modifiing software packages without affecting the integrity of their digital signature; so, during installation, they are considered unmodified by Android.
This vulnerability is being exploited successfully by some Trojans for Android, e.g. Android.Nimefas.1.origin, discovered by Doctor Web's security researchers. This Trojan is capable of executing attackers' commands (e.g send a bulk of short messages or intercept incoming messages; gather information about the mobile device and contacts from the address book, etc).
Dr.Web anti-virus for Android detects and removes malicious applications that are using the MasterKey vulnerability, even when hackers just try to install them on the attacked device, so Dr.Web anti-virus's users are effectively protected from such Trojans.
Programs' installation packages for Android are files with the .APK extension, which are in fact common ZIP archives. Each application has a special digital signature as well as a list of checksums contained in the file archive, which, when installing the application, is used to check all objects extracted from the archive. If the check fails, the installation of the application is also failed.
ZIP file format, which is used on the base of the .APK file format, allows to lay out two different files with identical names in one subdirectory. With that, when installing the application, Android performs a checksum of the first file, while extracting from the archive and installing the second one.
Consequently, by using this feature of operating system's interpretation and processing of zip archives, cybercriminals can inject any malicious executable file to a program distribution without damaging the digital signature, so that this file is installed in the operating system without the user's knowledge. | <urn:uuid:9a93137d-feef-4bff-8c1d-247d7d2fa26d> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://vms.drweb.com/vuln/?i=9301?lng=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250626449.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200124221147-20200125010147-00024.warc.gz | en | 0.913071 | 430 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Our children are very crafty and are always looking to use their creativity to create something beautiful.
By giving the children the opportunity to choose the materials that they will use, creates a sense of independence for the younger children. The materials used by the children to decorate included; coloured paper, coffee takeaway cups, paddle pop sticks, pieces of AstroTurf and coloured pencils. We worked on harnessing our creativity and used our fine motor skills to construct gorgeous paper flowers, and while some children displayed their flowers in the OSHC room, others decided to take them home to give to someone special in their family. This activity also allowed us to reflect on our contribution to sustaining our environment as we were able to use recycled paper and re purpose other materials like the paper coffee cups as vases. This helps us to reduce our waste levels at OSHC and look after our environment. | <urn:uuid:795beff1-3d2c-4811-8ff6-6df9b00e7b24> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.mayfieldssoshc.com/post/paper-flowers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046155322.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20210805032134-20210805062134-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.969514 | 177 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Asthma UK’s research strategy will fund, support, and partner on projects that address one of 15 research priorities.
The full list of these 15 priorities can be seen on our Asthma Research Roadmap
The topics within these priority areas can be broadly divided into six themes, which is an easier way to think about the research that Asthma UK may support.
In order to develop new asthma treatments tailored to different types of asthma, we need to build an accurate understanding of the intricacies of the immune system and the underlying biology of asthma. It’s also crucial to understand how the lungs respond to triggers and infections, and to know about structural changes to the airways in order to prevent long-term lung damage. When symptoms become rapidly or wildly out of control, people can die from a fatal asthma exacerbation or attack. Despite best efforts, we still don’t fully understand what happens in the airways during an asthma attack and we need to understand what early-warning signs could help us identify and prevent an asthma attack in advance.
We know that all types of asthma are not the same, yet current treatments often adopt the same approach, meaning that they don’t work well for everybody. Delving deeper into the subtleties that characterise different individuals’ experiences of asthma (asthma phenotypes) is an essential step towards improving asthma control. We need to be able to differentiate between the various types of asthma in order to develop new and better-quality treatments which can then be targeted to those people who will benefit from them most.
Millions of people experience unnecessary asthma symptoms that could be avoided if better use were made of existing treatments and treatment programmes were tailored to individual challenges and needs. We also know that thousands of people in the UK experience constant, debilitating asthma symptoms because their lungs don’t respond to existing treatments such as steroids. To enable us to free them from asthma’s effects, we will fund research to develop better treatments, and repurpose existing treatments, which enable all people with asthma to manage their symptoms effectively, and maximise the benefits they get from treatment.
You can read about the projects that we currently fund working towards better treatments for asthma.
Regardless of how effective asthma treatments are, they will only work if people understand and appreciate their benefits and take them as prescribed. Although other challenges exist in asthma, psychological and lifestyle factors have an important part to play and we know that a number of complex barriers exist which unnecessarily limit the level of control most people have over their asthma and therefore their quality of life. In order to improve the way asthma is managed, we want to channel resources into research which gives us the information needed to empower and enable people to take control of their own asthma so they can live full and active lives.
You can read about research that we’re funding to improve the care that people with asthma receive.
Currently there is no single diagnostic test for asthma. This means that asthma often goes unrecognised, putting patients’ lives at risk, while others may be taking treatments they don’t need. In order to ensure people with asthma get the right treatment and support for them, it’s crucial to find a way to definitively diagnose asthma in primary care, and help health professionals to monitor their patients’ level of asthma control. Building on recent developments in measuring lung function, we will fund research to develop quick and cost-effective tools to diagnose and monitor airway inflammation and asthma.
You can read about research that we’re funding to improve the way that asthma is diagnosed.
|Asthma Prevention||Our knowledge about when asthma starts, what causes it, and how our risk is influenced by our genes, lifestyle, exposure to infections and our home and working environments has steadily increased. Scientists are now better able to identify ways to protect people from developing asthma; however there are still gaps in our knowledge. We will support research which helps us to explicitly understand how to stop people from ever developing asthma or cure it if it does develop, meaning that people don’t need ongoing treatment or management to minimise symptoms. We will also channel resources to understand the relationship between different characteristics and behaviours which increase a person’s risk of experiencing a severe asthma attack, and ways to reduce the risk.| | <urn:uuid:a14bbd26-710c-4f25-91d6-9b5fb4658533> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.asthma.org.uk/research/strategy/research-priorities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818686117.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170920014637-20170920034637-00245.warc.gz | en | 0.950706 | 879 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Black Mold: Hidden Dangers and Risks
You may know black mold by its other name: “sick building syndrome.” Greenish-black in color, it typically grows on surfaces where moisture is constantly present. The commonly known indoor molds are Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus. You may not care about their names, but what they do is definitely a concern.
No matter what your business, you don’t need black mold to scare your customers away or pose serious health risks to your employees. People with asthma, allergies and weak immune systems have increased health risks when exposed to mold spores. Black mold in particular is toxic, and can trigger upper respiratory tract problems and serious fungal infections.
Other serious potential health problems from black mold include:
- nausea and dizziness
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- memory problems
The Threat of Black Mold to Your Business
Black molds grow in moist places, and aren’t just a problem for residential property owners. Commercial buildings are not immune to infestation. In fact, black mold is now considered a wide scale health threat—especially following a flood.
Molds grow where there’s stagnant water, as well as in storage places that contain rotten materials. It can also multiply under carpets and near water pipe leaks.
The very presence of black mold can pose a serious health threat to infants and pregnant women, especially those with highly compromised immune systems. Exposure usually happens by skin contact, inhalation, and even ingestion—none of which you want your business to be responsible for. Keep your commercial property clean and free from black mold and liability.
Mold remediation, especially for larger areas—from 100 square feet to 10 feet by 10 feet—should only be performed by trained professionals who are experienced in the removal of black molds. This ensures that the molds are eradicated thoroughly and safely.
Black Mold Removal Preparation
Black molds can be removed from some surfaces using soap and water or a bleach solution. However, when molds infest porous materials such as drywall, ceiling tiles and carpets, these must be properly discarded.
Before contracting the services of professionals, make sure that all sources of moisture and leaks are properly addressed. Otherwise, the mold growth is likely to return. Equipment that controls the relative humidity of an area can often effectively prevent the growth of molds.
Professionals also use power or environmentally friendly pressure washing to remove stubborn and widespread infestation of mold, especially in hard to reach areas.
The Known Hazards of Cleaning Black Mold on Your Own
Many people think they can save money by cleaning molds on their own. But be warned: inexperience and the lack of proper equipment can expose you to serious health threats. During regular cleanup, mold spore counts can multiply by as much as 1000 times!
A few extra tips:
- The use of a respirator or mask is required to avoid breathing in any airborne spores.
- Protective gear should also be worn, then properly discarded after cleanup.
- During cleaning, the area should be free of bystanders, to avoid inadvertent contamination.
When Do You Need Black Mold Removal Service?
Here are some telltale signs:
- the appearance of mold dust stains and insect nests on any area of your property
- when you start seeing webs on the overhangs and eaves
- if there are green spots appearing on walls
Don’t leave black mold unchecked. Take the necessary steps to protect your business, your clients and employees and, of course—your commercial property.
Creative Commons Attribution: Permission is granted to repost this article in its entirety with credit to Universal Site Services and a clickable link back to this page. | <urn:uuid:e5f017e1-4c8a-45c2-8174-15ce0bc554f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.universalsiteservices.com/black-mold-hidden-dangers-and-risks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103646990.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630001553-20220630031553-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.938427 | 784 | 2.984375 | 3 |
What is the Cloud?
References to the Cloud are everywhere. In TV commercials and across the internet on all devices, someone is talking about running or storing something “in the Cloud.” To many people, the Cloud is some mysterious or nebulous (pardon the pun) concept. But it doesn’t have to be. Simply put, the Cloud is a bunch of computers running software that is accessed over the Internet. What makes the Cloud “the Cloud” lies in how computer and networking resources are utilized, which translates into direct benefits to the consumer.
Rather than accessing a single machine, the Cloud is “virtual,” backed by a network of computers. Virtual means that multiple computing resources made up of software, data, and services are shared and appear as one resource (or Cloud) to the user. Essentially, it’s accessible anytime from anywhere. The Cloud optimizes computing so you have the right amount of resources available when you need them.
Why Do Companies Use the Cloud?
Some of the major reasons why businesses turn to the Cloud include:
- Cost Savings – the Cloud is generally less expensive than an in-house solution or a dedicated hosting solution. Using the Cloud also avoids incurring capital investments and you typically pay for only what you use.
- Flexibility – the Cloud allows you to quickly scale resources up or down according to your needs. This is a key benefit for organizations with variable compute cycles.
- Access to Latest Technologies – the Cloud typically leverages the latest and greatest technologies available in the industry. This includes fast processors, efficient storage, networking, and powerful software to deliver optimal performance with reliability and security. It can be cost-prohibitive and disruptive to attain this optimal level of performance on your own.
Connect with Connectria
Contact us if you have any questions and speak with one of our Solutions Architects. Check back next week for part two of the series where we discuss the different types of Clouds and how to decide if the Cloud is right for you! | <urn:uuid:df12a5ba-541a-46d0-a63a-eeabca86ff66> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.connectria.com/blog/what-is-the-cloud-part-1-of-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588053.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20211027022823-20211027052823-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.929294 | 416 | 2.828125 | 3 |
4 Stretch questions and wicked problems
Week 1 discussed wicked problems – those that defy known, technical solutions. We can now progress our thinking around wicked problems a step further. When a problem is approached as a ‘tame’ problem (i.e. one that can be tackled with a managerial or technical approach), the tendency is to ask less questions or for the questions posed to be narrower in scope, focusing on refining a known approach.
Grint (2005) provides the decision by the United States government and its allies to invade Iraq in 2003 as a case in point. Grint outlines how George W. Bush and his advisors approached the problem of Iraq first as a crisis problem and then as a tame problem. Talking about something in crisis terms enables a response that tends to focus power in the hands of a commander who claims to know best: we are made to feel as though we are facing an immediate danger and hence are more prepared to sacrifice our discretion and even sometimes democratic rights in order for decisive action to be taken. The second move of Bush, according to Grint, was then to approach the war and its aftermath in managerial terms: fighting a traditional war with a definable beginning and end against a known and identifiable enemy.
Missing in Bush’s approach, according to Grint, was the presence of stretch questions, open questions that could have redefined the very problem strategists and politicians believed they were trying to solve. Such questions would seek to make people think about the problem in more complex, less immediately solvable but, in the longer term, more helpful ways.
The chairs of voluntary organisations often see their jobs as asking these kinds of questions of their organisations: of exploring and even gently provoking staff into exploring what they do not know about a problem.
There are salient lessons in here for leadership. Namely, that the leadership response of opening an issue up with a stretch question may be the course that is the hardest for people in positions of authority. But, then again, since when was leadership about taking the easy path?
Ideally, asking stretch questions is not the sole preserve of people in official leadership roles. On the contrary, we want to be in a situation where anyone within an organisation feels able to ask such questions and, furthermore, to be rewarded for doing so. More than any other practice, being able to collectively pursue a questioning approach is the hallmark of healthy, participative and collaborative leadership.
Activity 3 Stretch questions in your organisation
Visit your learning journal and spend 15 minutes reflecting on whether your organisation is currently equipped to allow people to ask stretch questions. If yes, then can you think of any examples or point to anything in particular in the organisation that seems to make this practice possible. If no, can you think of anything that might enable this practice to take root? Make sure you title the post with the week number and the number of this activity, Week 4 Activity 3.
Of course, we are not naïve idealists. We recognise that asking tough questions can be hard. This is especially the case when the person asking the question has little or no official positional power. Such people can be labelled troublemakers (and sometimes they are!). It is therefore of absolute importance that organisations think about how they can make such behaviour not only acceptable but also desirable. You might work in an organisation, however, where this kind of stretch questioning practice is simply off limits, for one reason or another. If this is the case but you would still like to practice in a safe environment, you could always adopt the strategy of stretch questions informally with friends or family – think of it as training to better equip you for work in the next organisation you join. | <urn:uuid:766de601-e719-4c56-a62c-ef2b49426a7d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=105443§ion=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511386.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004152134-20231004182134-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.964631 | 749 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Why are stars and planets spherical? Why aren't they cubes or ovals?
The shape of small objects (like people and houses and mountains and small asteroids) are determined by their mechanical properties. You can take a rock and cut it into a particular shape and it will pretty much stay that way.
The larger the object, though, the stronger its gravitational field. Imagine that you want to build a really tall building. You have to make sure it has a really strong foundation, or the foundation will be crushed by the weight of the building and the building will fall. If there was anything really big sticking up on a planet or a star, gravity would pull it down.
If a planet was like a cube, the corners of the cube would be higher than the rest of the planet. Since planets and stars are so big, you cannot build a "foundation" strong enough to hold up those corners! Anything you built it out of would be too weak to hold them up. Gravity would eventually pull them down.
Even solid rock will flow like a liquid, although very slowly, if it is pulled by a very strong gravitational force for a very long time. Corners on a cubical planet or star would eventually just squish down.
Since gravity pulls toward the center of the planet or star, everything gets pulled down into a sphere. However, planets and stars are not really perfect spheres. They spin, so they bulge out a little around the equator.
This page updated on June 27, 2015 | <urn:uuid:43f8c28e-aee5-4e25-b796-8b32d636ec66> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/56-our-solar-system/planets-and-dwarf-planets/general-questions/231-why-are-stars-and-planets-round-beginner | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945637.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422174026-20180422194026-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.974253 | 308 | 4.21875 | 4 |
Four decades after humankind's first giant leap, NASA is returning to the Moon in a big way with the Mini-RF project, which is flying two radar instruments to map the lunar poles, search for water ice, and to demonstrate new communications technologies.
An innovative synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the instrument will orbit the Moon on two platforms: the Indian Space Research Organisation's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft and NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. What it finds will support humans' return to the Moon.
Mini-RF stands for Miniature Radio Frequency. Based on new technology, this powerful scientific instrument (also known as Mini-SAR) consists of an antenna and electronics boxes. The combined mass of the Mini-SAR components on Chandrayaan-1 is about 19 pounds (9 kilograms), while the Mini-RF package on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter weighs approximately 29 pounds (14 kilograms).
Mini-RF focuses on the lunar poles, mysterious and relatively unexplored regions that preserve materials from the early history and evolution of the solar system. These regions also have significant exploration potential, having been chosen as the location of the next human lunar mission. If Mini-RF locates ice deposits, these resources could be used by future lunar explorers.
Lunar-polar mosaics showing data collected by Mini-RF during its first imaging season. The mosaics cover within 10 degrees latitude of each pole.
+ Learn more about Mini-RF
Artist's rendition of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter over the lunar surface, with the Mini-RF antenna attached to its Moon-facing panel.
Mini-RF hardware construction | <urn:uuid:c21e8580-0e55-4631-97dd-4568195ef114> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/mini-rf.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206647.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00625-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.860201 | 334 | 3.953125 | 4 |
Seamounts are mountains that rise from the ocean floor but do not reach the water’s surface. However, during the last Ice Age when the level of the oceans were much lower a considerable number of these seamounts would have existed as islands that in many cases would have been quite substantial in area. Many of the thousands of seamounts around the world are of volcanic origin.
>The Atlantic is home to many named seamounts, three of which are called Atlantis, Cruiser and Great Meteor. Bruce Heezen et al published a short paper in 1954 describing these flat-topped features(k).<
The Ampere and Josephine Seamounts, 450 miles west of Gibraltar were investigated by Soviet oceanographers, including Andrei Aksyonov, in 1970s (f)(j). On examination of their underwater photographs, they discerned what appeared to be ‘walls, stairs and other artificial stonework’ at a depth of around 200 feet, far less than the drop in ocean levels that occurred during the Ice Age. Egerton Sykes was convinced that these reports and associated photos revealed remnants of Atlantis or one of its colonies. Alexander Gorodnitsky also chose the vicinity of the Josephine and Ampere Seamounts as the site of Atlantis(j).
Josephine Seamount was claimed once again as the site of Atlantis by ‘Paulo Riven’ in 2003(b).
However, such claims must be treated with great caution until further corroboration is received. One Internet commentator has suggested(a) that the Amperes/Gettysburg Seamounts were once the location of a substantial island, containing Atlantis, which had been destroyed by asteroidal showers, combined with a nearby geological fracture. This same writer dates this disaster to 6482 BC.
Appropriately there is an Atlantis Seamount with its ‘Lost City’ hydrovents, where recent research(c) has drilled for samples of the lowest level of the Earth’s crust, which rests on the mantle.
Horseshoe Seamounts, is an extensive submerged chain of mountains north of the island of Madeira, in the Atlantic, opposite Gibraltar. Frank Joseph suggests that the 6,000 sq. miles of this seamount was large enough to contain Plato’s Atlantis. Joseph has also written an article(g) on the Russian claims of discovering human artifacts on Ampere in the 1970’s. This should be read in conjunction with a short piece from Jason Colavito(h).
Another possible candidate was the Great Meteor Seamount, which was apparently shown on a 1707 map by French cartographer, Guillaume Delisle, as Saint Brendan’s Isle(e).
Paul Dunbavin has added a paper(i) on his website in which he discusses the Ormonde and Gettysburg Seamounts, which are opposite the Strait of Gibraltar, and their possible relevance to the Atlantis story, as suggested by some. Dunbavin concludes that “It should be apparent that even if these two islets did appear above the sea during the Holocene then they cannot have been Atlantis. They are simply too small to hold all the features described.”
The Azores, Canaries and Madeiras, in the Eastern Atlantic would have had larger landmasses exposed before the end of the last Ice Age because of the lower ocean levels. These archipelagos, together with seamounts, currently submerged, would have offered a substantial area of dry land, in a hospitable climate, on which a civilisation could have developed and flourished.
Another suggested connection between seamounts and Atlantis is made on a website(d) which nominates Dacia Seamount as its location with a series of interesting images and a lot of speculation.
(f) https://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/110939505?searchTerm=Atlantis discovered&searchLimits=
(j) http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php/topic,13305.0.html *
(k) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America- Vol.65, 1954 * | <urn:uuid:08a35ee0-ba78-4c87-9dcf-a33b793ccd5c> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://atlantipedia.ie/samples/tag/josephine-seamount/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650409.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604225057-20230605015057-00173.warc.gz | en | 0.951481 | 1,159 | 3.6875 | 4 |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. This checkpoint ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis before they have a chance to repair damaged DNA after replication. Cells that have a defective G2-M checkpoint enter mitosis before repairing their DNA, leading to death after cell division.
The cell cycle is driven by proteins called cyclin dependent kinases that associate with cyclin regulatory proteins at different points of the cell cycle. Accumulation of cyclin B increases the activity of the cyclin dependent kinase cdc2 as cells prepare to enter mitosis. Cdc2 activity is further regulated by phosphorylation of its tyrosine-15 residue by the kinase wee1. Phosphorylation of tyrosine-15 inhibits cdc2 activity while dephosphorylation by the phosphatase cdc25 activates the mitotic kinase.
Proteins that localize to sites of DNA damage in the G2 phase initiate a signaling cascade that regulates wee1 and cdc25 activity, therefore controlling mitotic entry via cdc2-cyclin B. Delay in mitotic entry is important for cells to repair any DNA damage that may have accumulated after S phase. Absence of wee1 or removal of the tyrosine-15 site removes negative regulation of cdc2 activity and causes cells to enter mitosis without completing repair, which effectively abolishes the G2-M checkpoint. Absence of cdc25 arrests cells in G2, but still allows activation of the G2-M checkpoint, implicating activation of wee1 and deactivation of cdc25 as important regulatory steps in the checkpoint.
Proteins that function in the G2-M checkpoint were originally identified in yeast screens that looked for mutants which show enhanced sensitivity to radiation, termed "rad" mutants. Inefficient repair of DNA damaged by ionizing radiation or chemical agents in these mutants revealed proteins essential in this pathway. Early signaling proteins in the checkpoint pathway are members of a family of phosphotidylinositol 3-kinases, rad3 in yeast and ATR in vertebrates, that are believed to localize to sites of DNA damage. Rad3 phosphorylates rad26 which is required to initiate, but not maintain the checkpoint. Rad3 also phosphorylates a number of other proteins whose absence abolishes checkpoint DNA repair, including rad1, rad9, hus1 and rad17. It has been hypothesized that rad9, hus 1 and rad 17 are similar to proteins involved in forming the clamp that increases the processivity of DNA polymerase during DNA replication. In agreement with this idea, rad17 is similar to proteins involved in loading the clamp onto DNA. This supports a model where phosphorylation by rad3 causes recruitment of these proteins to sites of DNA damage where they mediate the activity of DNA polymerases involved in DNA repair.
The main rad3 effector is the kinase chk1, which is required for the G2-M arrest in response to DNA-damaging agents. This kinase is phosphorylated by rad3 between S phase and mitosis, implicating its specific role in G2 arrest. Overexpression of chk1 also rescues the radiation sensitivity of rad mutants, presumably by allowing DNA repair to take place before entry into mitosis. This effect is dependent on the presence of wee1 and cdc25, which places chk1 upstream of these direct regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase. Phosphorylation activates chk1, which then phosphorylates wee1, increasing its stability. Activated chk1 also phosphorylates cdc25, either leading to its inactivation or preventing its localization to the nucleus. An increasingly stable wee1 further inhibits cdc2 activity, while an inactive cdc25 prevents removal of this inhibition, resulting in a strong G2 arrest.
Rad3 is required for activation of chk1 and initiation of G2 arrest, but different proteins are believed to maintain G2 arrest so that DNA repair can occur. One such protein is rad18 that is required for G2 arrest even when chk1 is phosphorylated and active. This protein is also involved in DNA repair, since rad18 mutants aren't able to repair DNA even when G2 arrest is prolonged by other means. | <urn:uuid:8f554391-1334-4b79-b6e7-2a00a92af165> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://blekko.com/wiki/G2-M_DNA_damage_checkpoint?source=672620ff | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463287.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00140-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939958 | 909 | 3.375 | 3 |
Development studies are the complex of disciplines which appeared on the basis of the interconnection and cooperation of various social sciences. Development studies touch upon the serious problems which are connected with the development of the human society and the economic growth.
Generally, the target of the research is the third world and the developing countries, which use the achievements of development studies for their own benefit improving themselves according to the novice theories and brand new approaches. The popularity of development studies appeared in the end of the 20th century, when the world entered its new phase of decolonization and the development of the third world countries. The developed countries, like the UK, the US, France, Germany, etc started to devote time and efforts to the creation of methods and techniques which can help the developing countries improve themselves and increase their economics.
Furthermore, development studies research the environmental problems, investigating the global ecological problems and looking for the effective ways out. The experts in development studies find job at such international organizations as UNO, Green Peace, etc. and work for the sake of the humanity trying to solve such problems as poverty, overpopulation, urbanization, environmental issues, human security, human rights, unemployment, epidemics, migration, etc. Development studies are the interdisciplinary sciences which are aimed at the improvement of the world around and protection of the human life, well-being and health in spite of the religious and worldviews, gender and color of skin.
Development studies are the young disciplines which touch upon the urgent social, economic and environmental problems and they are worth investigation. If one wants to research the perspectives and potential of development studies, he can prepare a research proposal and share his ideas with the professor. The aim of a research proposal is to persuade the professor in the relevance of the topic and illustrate the purpose of the research, predict the possible results of the research and think about the most appropriate methods of the research and sources which can be effective for the high-quality analysis of the problem. The student is expected to share the brand new ideas concerning development studies and evaluate their importance for the humanity.
When there is a problem with research proposal writing, the Internet can be of good help for every student, because there are many free example research proposals on development studies prepared by the professional writers online. With the help of a free sample research proposal on development studies prepared by an expert a student can learn about the appropriate rules of formatting of the text and the right manner of the composition of the logical structure of the paper.
NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Development Studies are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery.
There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try! | <urn:uuid:cf6c96f9-ba24-4d0a-aa5e-01b7afcd1166> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://usefulresearchpapers.com/research-proposal-on-development-studies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00027.warc.gz | en | 0.947666 | 649 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Today it is universally acknowledged that drones operating close to the ground need some sort of obstacle avoidance. What I am about to tell is the story of our own first attempt at putting obstacle avoidance on a drone, during the years 2001 through 2003, using neuromorphic artificial insect vision hardware. I enjoy telling this story, since the lessons learned run contrary to even current practice but, upon reflection, should be common sense. I learned an important lesson that is still relevant today: The best results are obtained with a systemic approach in which the drone and any obstacle avoidance hardware are holistically co-designed. This contrasts with the popular approach in which obstacle avoidance is a modular component that can be simply added to a drone.
Initial Successes with Altitude Hold
As discussed in my last post, by taking inspiration from the vision systems of insects, we implemented interesting vision-based behaviors on drones using only several hundred pixels. Nineteen years ago, in 2001, we built an optical flow sensor using a 24-pixel neuromorphic vision chip and a modest 8-bit microcontroller. We mounted the sensor on the bottom of one wing of a fixed-wing model airplane to view the ground (Figure 1 left, above). The sensor was programmed to measure front-to-back optical flow and from that estimate the airplane’s height above ground. We implemented a simple proportional control rule that would increase the aircraft’s throttle or elevator pitch as optical flow increased. The system worked quite well- once the aircraft was set to the target height, it would fly for as long as the battery lasted (and wind conditions permitted). The sensor only operated the throttle or elevator- the human operator would still steer the aircraft with the rudder via a standard RC control stick. We verified the ability of the sensor to ascend or descend gentle slopes. We even later achieved similar results over unbroken snow on a cloudy day!
You can see one of the videos here, which I shared previously: https://youtu.be/EkFh_2UX-Jw You’ll hear a tone in the video. Our telemetry was laughably simple- The sensor transmitted this tone by on-off keying an RF module at a rate that varied with optical flow. The camcorder operator carried a scanner (set to AM mode) that received and audibly outputted that tone, allowing it to be recorded with the video of the flight.
I look back fondly at the scrappiness of our approach! I personally designed the vision chip using free and open source tools (Magic and Spice) on a $1000 laptop running Linux. I then had the chip fabricated by the MOSIS service for $1200. Our most expensive piece of lab equipment was a PIC microcontroller emulator that I think cost me about $2500 at the time. I find it interesting that a “fabless semiconductor” startup today “needs” tens of millions of dollars to start, but that is a topic for another post. Going from the design of the vision chip (December 2000) to the first successful flight (July 2001) took eight months, much of it learning how to build and control the model airplane!
Failed Attempts at Obstacle Avoidance
After getting “altitude hold” under control, I decided to next tackle obstacle avoidance, again using optical flow. I drew inspiration from the work of noted biologist (and MacArthur grant winner) Michael Dickinson- His laboratory then recently recorded the 3D flight paths made by fruit flies in a chamber and then analyzed how the flight path turned in response to an obstacle, in this case the wall of the chamber (Figure 2). Not surprisingly, the flies tended to travel in straight lines until they were adequately close to the wall, at which point they would execute a sharp turn away. An analysis of the flight paths and the environment showed that the turn reliably happened whenever the optical flow due to the approaching wall crossed a threshold. The fly would then resume forward flight in the new direction until another part of the wall was reached.
Back in 2001, this was a behavior that I thought could be implemented with a few optical flow sensors. My first attempt had just two optical flow sensors mounted on the aircraft to view diagonally forward-left and forward-right. The controller was programmed to detect if the optical flow was high on one side, at which time the controller would turn the aircraft’s rudder to steer away for a fixed duration. Here is a video clip of an early test: https://youtu.be/Ao3rhiQR0BM In this case the tone indicated the rudder actuation- a middle pitch indicated neutral e.g. no actuation, while a high or low tone indicated an attempt by the rudder to turn one direction or the other. It was comical- the optical flow sensor picked up the tree and initiated a turn, but not soon enough to avoid a collision!
We spent almost two years trying to improve that demonstration. I designed improved neuromorphic vision chips (with 88 pixels), then we made lighter yet more powerful versions of the optical flow sensors. We even experimented with different optical flow algorithms by varying the firmware on the microcontroller while still using the same vision chip as a front-end. Figure 1, above right, shows one iteration. It had four sensors- one downward to control height and three forward to detect obstacles. We added a proper telemetry downlink that allowed us to record and display data such as optical flow measurements, aircraft yaw rate, and control responses. We still did not achieve improved obstacle avoidance. We did, however, produce a graphical display showing three beautifully hilarious sequential events: First the increased optical flow due to the looming tree, then the control response by the rudder, and finally a sharp spike in the yaw rate as the aircraft slammed into the tree! The only thing that was “improved” was the monetary value of the electronics we had to fish out of a tree after each crash…
It is human nature, when trying to solve a difficult problem, to go down the same general path and bang your head against a dead end until you accept that you are indeed at a dead end and need a different approach. In my case, the epiphany came when I took a second look at the flight paths recorded by Prof. Dickinson. I saw something that I had missed before. Sure, the flies flew a straight line and then made sharp turns upon detecting an obstacle. What I had missed, however, was the sharpness of the turn- the arc flown during the turn had a radius of a few centimeters. More significantly, the turn was made about ten centimeters away from the wall. I imagined a parameter “R”, which might be the “turning radius” of the insect (Figure 3). A “turning radius” is not a native measure of the maneuverability of a flying insect or drone in the same way that it is for a ground vehicle. However, it does serve as a first-order approximation. I then imagined a parameter “D”, which might be the size of an obstacle to avoid or the distance from an obstacle at which the drone or insect would turn to avoid it.
I then realized that what is critical is the ratio of the two: D/R. This ratio is basically a normalization distance relative to maneuverability. In the fruit fly case, D/R was perhaps 10 cm divided by a few centimeters, or a value of around two to four. Now consider the aircraft we had been using- it was a foam “park flyer” type designed to be easy to fly and control, using only a rudder for steering, and thus by design had a limited maneuverability. Furthermore, we loaded it up with sensors, telemetry, and other support electronics which further reduced its ability to turn. It’s R value was perhaps 20 meters if not more! To achieve a similar D/R of two to four, it would need to start avoiding the tree at a distance of 40 to 80 meters or more. At that distance, the small tree we were trying to avoid was simply too small in the visual field for our sensors to detect. At that turning radius, our implementation was better suited to avoid a large building, mountain, or cliff, rather than a single tree.
I was eager to achieve a successful demonstration of obstacle avoidance. Our sponsor at the time (DARPA) made it clear they required it. When I had the insight of D/R, I realized what we needed to do: We needed to boost the D/R of our system, and the most direct way was to find ways to decrease R e.g. make the aircraft much more maneuverable. First, we found a way to shave a few grams off the sensor mass while modestly improving their performance. We then simplified the control and support electronics- We took out the telemetry downlink to a human operator, built a simpler controller board, and found lighter cabling. Finally, we scratch-built a new model aircraft from balsa wood, pine, and foam. The resulting aircraft (Figure 4) was smaller, at half the wingspan, and at least an order of magnitude lighter. It was ugly, inefficient, and made any aeronautical engineer who looked at it cringe. But it had what I, a chip designer by training but perhaps armed with a fundamental grasp of physics, realized would make the aircraft turn- a giant rudder!
After honing the aircraft design, it took just a few weeks of tuning to get it to avoid a tree line. The result is this video that I shared previously: https://youtu.be/qxrM8KQlv-0
So, was it possible almost two decades ago to provide a drone with obstacle avoidance using the technology available then? Absolutely. In fact, we probably could have done this in 1990s or even in the 1980s if we knew then what we know now. But it would not have been accomplished merely by adding obstacle avoidance to the drone. It would have also required designing the drone to support obstacle avoidance.
There are lessons to be learned from that demo that I still carry with me. First, and most important, is that it is necessary to take a systemic approach when implementing obstacle avoidance on a drone. Such a systemic approach will yield insights that would be missed if you look at individual components. In my case from 17 years ago, taking a systemic approach gave me the insight that successful obstacle avoidance required increasing D/R, and the most direct route at the time was to decrease R rather than increase D, in other words make the platform more maneuverable rather than redesign the sensor.
A second lesson learned is that very often “less is more”. There is a benefit to simplicity and eliminating excess that is often lost in practice. I am reminded by a saying attributed to the great automatic engineer Colin Chapman of Lotus- more power makes a race car faster on straight roads while more lightness makes a race car faster everywhere! I think this is an easy lesson to understand, but tough to incorporate because it runs contrary to habits we have developed in society- Pedagogy and society both reward people for working excessively hard and going through the motions to implement a complex solution rather than taking time to identify and implement one that is simpler and more elegant.
I will discuss, in another post, observations and lessons learned from more recent work providing small drones with obstacle avoidance, including whether it is even feasible at the current time for a modular approach. For now, I am curious to learn if others have had similar experiences to the above. Thank You for reading! | <urn:uuid:2a43c781-5b31-4e24-897f-b7f543ced149> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://diydrones.com/profiles/blogs/drone-obstacle-avoidance-in-2003-264-pixels-and-8-bit-processors?commentId=7447824%3AComment%3A1807365 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337631.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005140739-20221005170739-00436.warc.gz | en | 0.968116 | 2,402 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The infamous 1086 Doomsday Book can often provide earliest reference for historical researchers when identifying majority of established UK localities. With descriptive details it helps assert antiquity of other townships, although primary purpose was aimed at collective rewards directly gained through their ruling manors. Reason why numerous small remoter rural farm settlements could miss individual naming. For taxation purposes they could be simply grouped inside recognisable overruling parish or manorial borders.
Although etymology strongly suggests a Huthwaite settlement was founded far earlier, it holds no recorded significance until emerging among the UK's rapid 19th century industrial population growth. Predating any modern equivalent telephone directories, various gazetteer trader publications began following Britain's industrialisation as it swept greater numbers into towns where professional skills emerged or centred between listed companies nearest large markets. Building city status, Nottingham centralised our counties distribution and commercial importance, apparent from its earlier locally published trade directories. Nationally however many supporting towns and villages soon also gained productive sizeable and historic recognition after James Pigot began compiling his informative directories.
Pigot and Co.'s National Commercial Directories span several English counties. An engraver based in Manchester, his team of collectors offered historic researched detailing under categorised listings first covering major localities. Under our ancient Manor and ruling court Union with established market town, Mansfield held initial attention. Progressively then Sutton-in-Ashfield Parish gained historic detailing. Finding names included by simple addressing at Hucknall began revealing some well established traders remotely found among this smaller hamlet named Hucknall-under-Huthwaite.
Offering first brief glimpse into supporting traders who historically emerged with our developing locality called Hucknall-under-Huthwaite, Pigot set highest standards by which rival publishers attempted to follow during Britain's rising industrialisation. Various names and subject titles appeared producing directory listings. These could range between just one major locality to broadest coverage in some specialised commercial interest spanning much larger divisions. Perhaps Wrights Midlands directories may still yet reveal additional village material.
Covering Nottinghamshire by mid 19th century, it was a Francis White who next appears publishing very informative gazetteers, and separately featuring Hucknall-under-Huthwaite from year 1832. His authoritative naming of village farmers, who must have long been out numbering any local shops or new trades then appearing to offer residential support. Coal mining now clearly held importance, but White's directories provide strong basis for showing how slow rural developments began suffering under rapid population growth. Huthwaite's influential land owners found increasing difficulties affording to keep all poorest families labouring on their farmlands. But majority of highly dependent workers could soon learn how to tirelessly operate framework knitting machines upon which regional majority did become heavily reliant.
By latter quarter that industrious century our township Hucknall-under-Huthwaite is depicted by Whites to become a large flourishing village. While separately emerging closely tied within Sutton parish borders, number and variety of its own commercial businesses certainly continues rapidly expanding. Final decades witness principle types of employment turning from farm work and well established coal mining toward stocking manufacturing. But as that cottage industry builds hosiery factories supporting mass majority, superior coverage among Kellys publications best follows Huthwaite's individual prosperity, building into a modern 20th century mining town community after the opening of its New Hucknall Colliery.
Titled Chief Inspector of Inland Letter Carriers, Frederick Kelly was based in London. There his Post Office association greatly helped start rival business in compiling trade directories. Based upon Pigots earliest successful engraved publications, Kelly broadened coverage from the capital firstly across South of England. Producing greatly detailed information for each locality, his unofficial use of Post Office employees for collating such data did arouse much criticism. That work had however already gathered wider acclaim by 1850s, before fuller National dominance became assured buying out the then major competitive partnership of Pigot and Slaters business.
Written 31 Aug 06 Revised 12 Oct 12 © by Gary Elliott | <urn:uuid:65a46eed-699b-4aa3-ab6c-e9743f8c2edf> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.huthwaite-online.net/hucknall/gazetteers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609533957.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005213-00065-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958073 | 820 | 3.125 | 3 |
The drug in question is Avastin (bevacizumab), a cancer drug that fights tumors by cutting off their blood supply. In the past few years, doctors have also been using it to treat retinopathy of prematurity, or ROP. Avastin isn't approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically to treat ROP, but doctors still use the drug for what's known as an "off-label" indication.
The current findings do not prove that Avastin is to blame, according to the researchers, led by Dr. Julie Morin of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, in Montreal, Canada. They only show an association between the drug and serious complications in babies treated for ROP.
ROP is a potentially blinding disease that mainly affects tiny preemies born before the 31st week of pregnancy, according to the U.S. National Eye Institute (NEI). It's caused by abnormal blood vessel development in the retina, the part of the eye that receives light and sends messages to the brain.
Each year in the United States, 14,000 to 16,000 infants develop some degree of ROP, according to the NEI.
The standard treatment for more severe ROP is laser surgery, which burns away the periphery of the retina, where there are no blood vessels. That usually causes a regression in the abnormal blood vessel growth, the NEI says.
But a 2011 study found that injections of Avastin might offer a simpler, even more effective treatment.
Since then, a growing number of doctors have been using the drug to treat severe ROP, said Dr. Graham Quinn. He's a pediatric ophthalmologist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
"A lot of people were really sold on this, because it seems like an easy treatment for a very serious disease," explained Quinn, co-author of an editorial published with the new study in the March 17 issue of Pediatrics.
The 2011 trial, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that injections of Avastin into the eyes appeared more effective than laser surgery. Babies were less likely to need a repeat treatment over the next year.
And on the surface, the drug seems safer than surgery, Quinn explained: It takes just a few minutes, and there's no need for general anesthesia, which can be risky for preemies.
But now the new findings point to a potential risk in the long run. Researchers found a higher rate of serious neurological disabilities, including severe cerebral palsy, blindness, hearing loss and significant problems with movement.
The study looked at 27 infants whose ROP was treated with Avastin, and 98 treated with laser surgery. Of those treated with Avastin, 52 percent had developed a severe disability by the age of 18 months, the study found. That compared with 29 percent of infants treated with laser surgery.
However, the study wasn't designed to prove a cause-and-effect link between the drug and the complications.
The researchers did not conduct a clinical trial, but used information from the babies' medical records -- which leaves open a number of questions. It's possible that the Avastin infants were at greater risk of disability for other reasons, the researchers said. Doctors may choose the drug when infants are sicker and surgery risks are greater, for example.
Dr. Jane Edmond, a professor of ophthalmology and pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine, in Houston, agreed.
"The Avastin kids were sicker on arrival, and had more severe ROP -- both of which have been associated with poorer developmental outcomes," said Edmond, who was not involved with the study. She's a clinical spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
That said, Edmond called the findings "compelling and worrisome.
"This will very likely cause a lot of conversation among ophthalmologists," she said.
Both Edmond and Quinn said it's plausible that Avastin raises the risk of neurological disabilities. That's because the drug inhibits a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes the growth of new blood vessels.
Preemies with severe ROP have too much VEGF in their eyes, Edmond explained. But, she said, the protein is also important for babies' brain, lung and kidney development -- and it's known that Avastin injected into the eyes also gets into the bloodstream.
So there have been concerns that the drug could affect the development of other organs, Edmond said.
For now, Quinn said he believes that whenever possible, laser surgery is the "way to go" in treating ROP.
To parents, he noted, a drug might seem like a "quick fix," and less scary than laser surgery. But, he said, they should talk to their doctor about all the pros and cons -- including the possible long-term risks -- of the ROP treatment options.
Avastin manufacturer Genentech could not be reached for comment.More information
The U.S. National Eye Institute has more on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Copyright © 2016 HealthDay. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:587fa96c-92f3-4b45-8fb6-180c0a5e8d36> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2016/03/18/Drug-used-for-preemie-eye-disease-tied-to-disabilities/3701458313157/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607325.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523025728-20170523045728-00530.warc.gz | en | 0.967679 | 1,072 | 2.765625 | 3 |
In this final article in the Creating DSLs in Java series, Venkat Subramaniam lets you see for yourself why JVM-compatible languages such as Scala, Groovy, and JRuby are better suited to creating internal DSLs than the Java language. As you'll learn, dynamic typing has very little to do with why these languages are ideal for internal DSLs. So what's the special ingredient in the secret sauce? Read on to find out.
You learned in the last article in this series why the Java language is a better fit for creating external DSLs than internal ones, which are more dependent on the host language syntax. As I demonstrated, Java lacks key characteristics found in newer Java platform languages such as Groovy and JRuby. While both of these languages feature dynamic typing, it isn't key to creating internal DSLs. In fact, Scala, which is statically typed, is also a popular choice for creating internal DSLs.
All three of these languages allow programmers to accomplish goals with less ceremony than you'll find in older languages like Java and C++. Moreover, they all allow you to add and call methods dynamically, which is one of the hallmarks of metaprogramming. Let's look at some examples that demonstrate the power of essence over ceremony and metaprogramming.
Essence over ceremony
The Java language syntax is heavy on ceremony, which is one of the characteristics that lends itself to the writing of tomorrow's legacy code. Ceremony in this case means excess verbosity and irrelevant detail -- the Olde English of the Java platform. For example, in order to define an
Integer in Java, you would type
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Further, even though you repeated the type
Integer, the program still might send something other than
Integer to the list and fail at runtime.
Some might blame static typing for this particular example of verbosity. In fact, Scala (which is statically typed) gets around the
ArrayList example just fine by using type inference. For instance, when you write
var lst = new ArrayList[int]
Scala knows what type
Similarly, the following Java code
//Java String str = "hello"; int length = str.length(); System.out.println(length);
can be more concisely written in Scala as
//Scala with essence val str = "hello" val length = str length Console println length
Scala is statically typed, but infers the type of
String and length as
Int. Of course, if you want to add ceremony you can:
//Scala with ceremony val str : String = "hello" val length : Int = str.length() Console.println(length) | <urn:uuid:9ac3e250-014a-4b73-96c7-5451e2dff987> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.javaworld.com/article/2077904/scripting-jvm-languages/scripting-jvm-languages-creating-dsls-in-java-part-4-where-metaprogramming-matters.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929978.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00133-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899527 | 565 | 2.765625 | 3 |
- We strive to provide complete care for our patients. Learn more about all the services we provide.
You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience.
Full of life, these happy little slinkies require vaccinations. The first year of life a series of two ferret distemper vaccinations are given but only once per year thereafter. A rabies vaccination is also required. Although the required vaccine that is used for this vaccination is a three-year vaccine, it is required to booster the next year, before the three year period begins.
Most commonly seen for dermatological disorders, endocrinopathies, or diseases of the hormonal system are also common. They can be litter trained and are usually de-scented, offered tattooed prior to purchase.
Soft and fuzzy, these gentle creatures require special handling. Always be sure to take control of the bunny’s hind legs when you try to pick them up. The most common fatality in bunnies comes from the broken backs (and severed spines nerves) that come because they leap from you in an attempt to get away. We do not vaccinate rabbits unless rabies exposure has occurred.
Musculoskeletal and neurologic disease, dermatological, oral/dental, disorders of the ear, respiratory infections and intestinal parasites are the most common problems as this world revolves around their specialized diet. We often neuter the males to prevent their aggressive life change that comes with puberty.
This group includes mice, rats, hamsters and gerbils. These groups of little friends are very cute and entertaining. Providing them with an appropriate environment is important as their need to exercise is expressed at night.
They require no vaccinations, but are commonly seen for dental, eye, ear, nose and throat disorders (EENT) as well as gastrointestinal disorders and tumorous masses. They mature rapidly, so be careful not to place male and female together unless you are prepared to have a lot of rodents.
A non-native rodent, these little South American imports have taken the pet world by storm. Easily the nicest of the rodents, these pleasant little fellows make a great pet and can be quite personable.
No vaccinations are required for a guinea pig and they are seen most commonly for dental, eye, ear, nose and throat disorders (EENT), tumors , gastrointestinal upset and behavioral disorders.
These happy little fellows are truly beautiful and soft as silk to the touch. They are shy, fairly tame and are extremely cute! They require a special diet and can be quite athletic as they naturally inhabit semiarid, rocky slopes at elevations from 10,000 to 16,000 feet above sea level. Their average life span is about 10 years, which is much longer that any of the other rodents.
They do not require vaccinations and are most commonly seen for ear disorders, dental problems, dermatological, respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. They will not hesitate to make more of themselves rapidly so you must separate the sexes!
Although a rodent, these little friends are not easily tamed and they do not make good pets unless you are an aficionado. They require special handling during their mating season when they are almost untouchable to the inexperienced person.
They do not require vaccinations and are most commonly seen for gastrointestinal parasites, neurological disorders, respiratory disorders and behavioral problems.
These special small mammals are insectivores and are more commonly active at night. Their dense coat of prickly spines sets them apart from most other pocket pets as a readily defensible posture that they use when they do not want to be bothered. They require quite a special diet so be prepared to look around for fresh live prey for these little guys, although they will eat commercially prepared hedgehog food.
They do not require vaccinations and are most uncommonly seen for dermatological disorders respiratory problems and gastrointestinal disorders.
Almost everyone knows that peaceful feeling that one gets when watching fish in their natural environment. Fascinating to watch, the presence of aquariums in our homes, serves as an anxiety reliever that requires minimal daily but moderate long term care. You must be aware of which fish to be housed together because some fish might consider them as a meal.
Commonly seen for dermatological, neurologic, respiratory and parasites disorders.
Though considered domestic as we bring them into our homes and living environment, reptiles are wildlife and require particular needs and environmental parameters specific for each species. If these reptile requirements are not met, the pet, reptile/’s will not do well in captivity. Whether your preference slithers, climbs or strolls, reptiles make fascinating additions to one’s collection for the aficionado that appreciates their sensitive life styles.
Most commonly seen for nutritional, dermatological, musculoskeletal, and respiratory disorders, there are no vaccinations that are required for reptiles. Parasite examinations of their stools are highly recommended, as some parasites are transferrable to their owners.
|Monday||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM|
|Tuesday||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM|
|Wednesday||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM|
|Friday||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM|
|Saturday||8:00 AM - 12:00 PM|
|7:30 AM - 6:00 PM||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM||Closed||7:30 AM - 6:00 PM||8:00 AM - 12:00 PM||Closed| | <urn:uuid:c7f89ef7-4c15-456f-a487-c739d3d443af> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://argyleanimalclinic.com/exotic-animals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948126.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180426105552-20180426125552-00626.warc.gz | en | 0.932841 | 1,147 | 2.59375 | 3 |
While the title may not seem like the discovery of the century, two new studies do reinforce what we already knew: that animal protein is linked to cancer and diabetes in adults. The studies are not saying that any animal protein could cause cancer and diabetes, but too much protein is a direct cause of cancer and diabetes during middle age. This should put in perspective your diet and the role of carbs, meat and sugar.
Animal Protein is Linked to Cancer – Too Much Protein As Harmful As Smoking
Two studies that have been published in the Cell Metabolism journal and were conducted by the University of Southern California in the US and the University of Sydney in Australia found that low protein intake may be the key to living a long and healthy life and that we should examine more carefully where our calories are coming from, plants or animals. The studies have concluded that for weight loss, a high-protein diet could only help in the short term and that if continued in the long term it will reduce lifespan and harm health.
One of the doctors who were involved in the study reported that the study provided evidence that a high-protein diet (animal-based proteins in particular) is almost as harmful as smoking for your health and that adults who consumed a high-protein diet had the highest risk of developing cancer and diabetes.
These studies were performed on both humans and mice; almost 7,000 Americans took part in an US national survey that assesses diet and health and revealed that people who consumed moderate amounts of proteins were three times more likely to die of cancer and that these effects were reduced or disappeared in those people whose high-protein diets were plant-based. But what does a high-protein diet means? The scientists concluded that a high-protein diet is one where at least 20% of the calories that are ingested come from protein.
These two new studies simply reinforce what people and doctors already knew: animal protein is linked to cancer and diabetes, so if you would like to live a long and healthy life, then you should stick to plant-based proteins and diets. | <urn:uuid:052ec3cd-44ee-4f7d-a922-9bb397813bae> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://stateschronicle.com/animal-protein-is-linked-cancer-diabetes-6390.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487621627.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20210615211046-20210616001046-00491.warc.gz | en | 0.979796 | 417 | 2.875 | 3 |
French Gender – General Rules
Le genre des noms – Règles générales
Is the word masculine or feminine?
The gender – knowing if a word is masculine or feminine – is not always logical. For instance, why do you say un livre (a book) and une livre (half a pound)?
My advice, learn the gender of a noun – masculine or feminine – at the same time you learn a new word. It’s painless and is going to save you time later. | <urn:uuid:f8e7f5b5-d3dd-4ee4-9223-a1542f7f39c9> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://frenchhour.com/blog/masculine-and-feminine-todays-french/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513508.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020225938-20181021011438-00333.warc.gz | en | 0.743635 | 110 | 2.6875 | 3 |
While great strides in cosmology have been made in the past decades, the cosmological picture is incomplete without an understanding of the mechanism of inflation and the nature of dark energy. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) contains slight anisotropies in its temperature and polarization spectra that can be used to probe the mysteries of inflation and dark energy. However, the anisotropies in the CMB spectrum are very faint, making their measurement a technological challenge. Recent advances in detector technologies have ushered in an era in which cosmological parameters can be measured precisely from the CMB anisotropy spectra. However, the faint polarization signal in the CMB that holds information about inflation has yet to be detected. This proposal is for work on designing, testing, and fielding new, multi-frequency polarization detectors that will be deployed in large format focal plane arrays in the polarization receiver of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACTPol) and an extension of the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS). These detectors will further enhance the sensitivity of measurements by adding multiple frequency bands of observation, which will allow for the improved removal of contamination to the signal from the Galaxy. Through ground-based observations, the new detectors will further constrain inflation by seeking to measure the inflationary polarization signal while serving as a testbed for future NASA inflationary probe satellite missions. This fellowship would allow me to contribute to the technological development and field-testing of new detectors that would aid NASA in reaching its scientific objectives while building the necessary expertise to be involved in future NASA missions. | <urn:uuid:fe678bb9-759e-4386-bd93-eb20103fb4cf> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://techport.nasa.gov/view/91644 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267155413.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180918130631-20180918150631-00299.warc.gz | en | 0.920356 | 321 | 2.625 | 3 |
Marco Polo was one of the first and most famous Europeans to travel to Asia during the Middle Ages. He traveled farther than any of his predecessors during his 24-year journey along the Silk Road, reaching China and Mongolia, where he became a confidant of Kublai Khan.
The story of his journey is told in "Il Milione" ("The Million"), commonly called "The Travels of Marco Polo." Polo's adventures influenced European mapmakers and inspired Christopher Columbus.
Marco Polo was born around 1254 into a wealthy Venetian merchant family, though the actual date and location of his birth are unknown. His father, Niccolo, and his uncle Maffeo were successful jewel merchants who spent much of Marco’s childhood in Asia. Marco's mother died when he was young; therefore, young Marco was primarily raised by extended family.
For the rest of the story: http://www.livescience.com/27513-marco-polo.html | <urn:uuid:75d2b88d-25c5-4084-afed-14b17df21da6> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://veritasradio.blogspot.com/2013/02/marco-polo-facts-biography-travels.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320595.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625235624-20170626015624-00116.warc.gz | en | 0.986178 | 200 | 4 | 4 |
In May 2018, the EU implemented a new law that changes the way businesses collect, store and use personal customer data. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is an overhaul of the 1998 Data Protection Act (DPA), which was brought in when the internet was still in its infancy. The GDPR reflects the ways in which the internet is used nowadays.
Businesses that do not comply with GDPR, face fines of up to 4% of their annual turnover. The main difference between GDPR and the previous DPA is that customers now have much more control over how their data is used and whether it is collected in the first place.
Companies need to gain consent from consumers before gathering their data, and are subject to strict rules about how it is used – e.g. justifying why they need the data, showing how they will protect it, and upholding customers’ rights to access their data and object to its use.
GDPR is all about helping businesses keep their customers’ data safe in a digital world where more private information than ever before is shared and cybercrime is a constant threat. | <urn:uuid:e62ad9b0-2c8f-4bff-b280-e32be6bfa041> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dragon-is.com/get-your-business-data-up-to-gdpr-speed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099892.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128151412-20231128181412-00516.warc.gz | en | 0.963682 | 226 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The idea of sharing an ice cream cone with a stranger can cause disgust, but it often doesn’t apply to people near us, such as romantic partners and children.
Journal new research Chemistry On Thursday, children have been aware of this dynamic from an early age, exchanging saliva through activities such as kissing, sharing food, and wiping dribbles to determine if the two have a special bond. It shows that you are looking at it as a clue.
“Many studies have shown that infants are very adaptable to that social aspect of their world,” Ashley Thomas, a researcher at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told AFP. ..
“But one thing we didn’t know before this study was whether they really paid attention to different types of relationships.”
In particular, Thomas and his colleagues wanted to know if children could distinguish a special relationship called “thick,” the term first coined by the philosopher Avishai Margarit.
The team devised a series of experiments to test whether a child makes the same distinction as an adult.
First, they presented a group of over 100 children aged 5 to 7 with cartoons featuring characters that interact with each other.
Children successfully predict that “sharing tools and licking the same food will occur within the nuclear family, and sharing toys and divisible food will occur equally within friendship and family.” did.
Next, researchers wanted to test the theory for infants who, like older children, couldn’t express their thoughts.
Their experiments were inspired by the classical study of vervet monkeys. The Vervet Monkey heard the voice of a familiar boy in distress, turned to the boy’s mother, and expected her to react.
To reproduce the idea for young humans, they Video clip Two female research assistants in Thomas’ lab play a cute blue doll.
The first woman ate a bite of an orange slice, then fed the doll, and then another bite of the same slice.
Next, the second woman is shown passing the ball back and forth with the doll.
“Both are really friendly exchanges and collaborative, but only one of them is possible that we have an intimate relationship as adults. relationship“Thomas said.
We then showed dozens of subjects a clip of the same doll crying, with both women on either side of it, measuring who the baby first saw and how long he saw it.
The children speculated that the pair with whom they shared saliva were closer.
Both actresses of different ethnicities played both roles against different groups of economically and racially diverse toddlers.
The kids ran another test that showed the subject the same opening video to make sure that the person sharing the food wasn’t just thinking it was good in nature, but the suffering doll It was a new character.
When this happened, neither the baby nor the toddler saw the food co-owner first or more.
Finally, one actress put her finger in her mouth and rotated it, then put it in the doll’s mouth, and another actress ran a test that performed the same rotating motion on her and the doll’s forehead.
Once again, the kids turned more to the actress sharing saliva puppet I isolated this as a marker and shouted.
How the findings are based on a scientific understanding Children To grasp the dynamics of society, Thomas said.
“For example, we know that babies pay attention to someone who is kind to someone else,” she said.
“The main point of this study is that babies are not only paying attention to the characteristics of people, but also to who is connected and how.”
Understanding how we think about relationships may one day bring practical benefits, for example, by helping people who find it difficult to build such bonds. ..
“It was a moral failure that we didn’t help people with autism connect with others,” said Thomas.
“They really want those connections and may lack some of the skills to create them. This study will help others eventually navigate relationships. I think it will be useful. ”
Ashley J. Thomas, an early concept of intimacy: young humans use saliva sharing to infer close relationships, Chemistry (2022). DOI: 10.1126 / science.abh1054.. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abh1054
© 2022 AFP
Quote: Dribble Test: How Toddlers Find Close Social Connections (January 22, 2022) from https: //medicalxpress.com/news/2022-01-dribble-toddlers-social-ties.html 2022 I got January 22nd
This document is subject to copyright. No part may be reproduced without written permission, except for fair transactions for personal investigation or research purposes. Content is provided for informational purposes only.
How toddlers spot close social ties Source link How toddlers spot close social ties
The post How toddlers spot close social ties appeared first on California News Times. | <urn:uuid:8462c48a-d3c7-44fe-a654-66bd39cf59fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://actresstoday.com/how-toddlers-spot-close-social-ties/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337398.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20221003035124-20221003065124-00353.warc.gz | en | 0.955395 | 1,043 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Fire ants are social insects, with each colony containing one or more queen ants. The queen ants lay about 800 eggs a year. The eggs hatch into larvae, and the larvae feed on a variety of plants and animals, including humans.
Table of Contents
How many ants are in the world 2022?
If you can picture one billion ants, that’s the number 1 followed by 15 zeroes. That’s a lot of ants, but it’s not the whole story. They’re spread out all over the world. And some of them live on the ground, while others live above ground.
In fact, ants are the only group of animals known to have evolved the ability to walk on two legs, a trait that has allowed them to spread around the globe and colonize new places.
Is there 1 million ants for every human?
UK. The queen ant can live up to a year, but some insects only live for a day or two. Ants have been around for a very long time. They were first discovered by the ancient Greeks and Romans, and they were used in medicine for thousands of years before the invention of the microscope. Ants were also used as a food source for many animals, including birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians.
How many ants can carry a human?
The ants have been shown to be able to carry up to twenty times their own body weight. It would be about the weight of a small car if a human could lift twenty times their body weight. The ants are also known to have the ability to fly.
They can fly at speeds of over 100 miles per hour. The ants can also fly in the air for long periods of time. It is believed that the ants use their wings as a form of propulsion.
Do ants ever sleep?
They can invade your home at any time of the day or night, because they get their sleep through power naps. The average worker ant takes about 250 naps a day, with each one lasting about 30 seconds, according to a recent study. That’s a lot of sleep, but it’s not nearly enough to keep up with the demands of the colony.
Will ants take over the world?
Scientists are concerned about an impending global invasion after the discovery of an ant supercolony in Ethiopia. This discovery is one of three that have recently come onto the radar, suggesting a potential for the ants to take over new territories. The discovery was made by a team of researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in Bethesda, Maryland.
Their findings were published today in the journal Science Advances. Ants have been around for millions of years, but only recently have they become a major threat to humans and other animals. In the past few decades, the number of ant species worldwide has increased by more than 50 percent, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which maintains the Red List of Threatened Species.
Ants are among the most abundant animals on the planet, with an estimated population of about 1.5 billion worldwide, making them the second-most-common animal on Earth after humans. They are also the fastest-growing group of animals, growing at an average rate of 2.4 percent per year, compared to a global average of 0.6 percent. .
Which country has most ants?
The map, which took four years to complete, shows the geographical locations of more than 15,000 types of ants, with the australian state ofqueensland having the highest number of species. The map was created by a team of researchers from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and the Queensland Museum of Natural History (QMNH) in Brisbane, Australia, and is available for free download on the UNSW website.
What if ants were the size of humans?
An ant scaled up to a human size would no longer be able to use spiracles to breath because their surface area wouldn’t be enough to get enough oxygen from the air. The ant’s legs would not be strong enough to walk on the ground if you could not deal with this problem.
If you were to scale up an ant to the size of a human, you would find that it would not be able to stand on its own legs. It would need to be supported by another ant, which would then have to carry it around. This would take a lot of energy, as well as a large amount of food.
If you tried to do this on your own, your body would probably die of starvation within a few days. The only way to get around this is to have a group of ants work together to support you. However, this would require a great deal of coordination and coordination is not something that ants are very good at.
In fact, they are not even capable of walking on their own without the help of other ants.
Who would win ants or humans?
In modern times, people outweigh ants. If we had had this competition 100 years ago, they would have been the best. All ants are capable of lifting 22 trillion pounds and carrying it to the moon. In fact, ants are the only animals that can lift more than one-tenth of the weight of a human being.
They can do this because their bodies are made up of hundreds of thousands of tiny muscles, each of which has a specific function. For example, the muscles in the arms and legs of an ant are used to pull the ant forward, while the ones in its head and thorax pull it backward.
This is why ants can run at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour, which is faster than the speed of sound, and they can jump as high as 100 feet. In addition, their legs are very strong, able to support their weight for a long period of time. Ants are also very good swimmers, capable of swimming for hours at a time without getting tired.
The only problem with ants is that they don’t have any teeth, so they have to eat their food by chewing it up and spitting it out.
Are there no ants in Iceland?
Black garden ant are the only ones that live outside in Iceland. Garden ants are the only ants that live outside of the country. Black garden ants are very small ants. They are about 1/2 inch long and they have a black body with a white head and thorax. These legs are used for walking on the ground and for climbing up and down the branches of trees and shrubs.
When they are in the trees, they use their legs to climb up to the top of a branch and then they walk around the tree and back down again. This is a very efficient way of moving around. In fact, it is so efficient that they can move around in a straight line for a long time without having to stop and rest.
However, when they come into contact with something, like a leaf or a piece of wood, the legs will stop moving and the ant will stand still and wait for the object to move away from them. It is very important that the ants do not get too close to anything because if they do they will get stung by a bee or wasp and die.
What’s the heaviest thing an ant can lift?
According to different estimates, ants can carry 10 – 50 times their body weight, or up to 1.5 tons. Ants are not the only animals that carry a lot of weight. In fact, some animals, such as birds and fish, are able to carry more weight than ants.
However, the weight of a bird or fish depends on the size of its body. For example, a small bird can be carried by its wings, while a large fish can only carry its weight on its back. | <urn:uuid:0e7c2917-5a16-47a5-b82a-65ad6584b845> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.cushyfamily.com/how-many-ants-are-killed-each-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334596.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925193816-20220925223816-00453.warc.gz | en | 0.976898 | 1,624 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974), nicknamed Slim,Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, author, inventor, military officer, explorer, and social activist.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lindbergh used his fame to promote the development of both commercial aviation and Air Mail services in the United States and the Americas. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles, Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what was soon dubbed the "Crime of the Century". It was described by journalist H.L.Mencken as "the biggest story since the resurrection." The kidnapping eventually led to the Lindbergh family being "driven into voluntary exile" in Europe, to which they sailed in secrecy from New York under assumed names in late December 1935 to "seek a safe, secluded residence away from the tremendous public hysteria" in America. The Lindberghs returned to the United States in April 1939.
Common topics for news reports include war, politics, and business, as well as athletic contests, quirky or unusual events, and the doings of celebrities. Government proclamations, concerning royal ceremonies, laws, taxes, public health, and criminals, have been dubbed news since ancient times.
Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to learn and share news from elsewhere, which they satisfy by traveling and talking to each other. Technological and social developments, often driven by government communication and espionage networks, have increased the speed with which news can spread, as well as influenced its content. The genre of news as we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper, which originated in China as a court bulletin and spread, with paper and printing press, to Europe. | <urn:uuid:000abbfd-5eeb-4099-8a0c-56d66a866adb> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://ro.wn.com/News_Report_Hungarian_Revolt_Crushed_By_Soviets_(1956)_Charles_Lindbergh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506623.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924055210-20230924085210-00352.warc.gz | en | 0.978781 | 358 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Scientists have just discovered that wheat seeds, not just the leaves, use photosynthesis. The type of photosynthesis used is a C4 pathway, which is more efficient and better adapted for hot, dry climates. The findings may help agriculturists grow better crops to meet future food demands. The details are in a paper just published in the journal Scientific Reports.
The standard photosynthesis process is called C3 photosynthesis and it’s the pathway used by most plants, including crops such as rice and wheat. There’s a second common photosynthesis pathway, however, known as C4. This method is more efficient and allows the plants to absorb more nutrients while using less water. It’s a common pathway for plants that live in warmer, drier climates. Corn is a C4 plant, along with many types of grass.
A research team from the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation discovered something interesting about wheat: the seeds were using photosynthesis. Previously, it was believed that photosynthesis only took place in the leaves, never in the actual grains of the plant. Furthermore, the researchers found that the grains were using C4 photosynthesis even though wheat is a C3 plant. Genes specific to C4 photosynthesis were found in the genome of the wheat plants and the team initially thought their computer had made a mistake. Further analysis showed that wheat seeds do use C4 photosynthesis, an exciting discovery for agriculture. The team speculates that this was an adaptation during evolution as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the plant couldn’t get enough carbon dioxide, the seeds evolved the ability to use C4 photosynthesis to provide extra energy.
The findings show that wheat contains the necessary genes for C4 photosynthesis. Wheat grains photosynthesize, a process previously believed to only occur in leaves. This discovery will allow for the breeding of wheat varieties that utilize C4 photosynthesis pathways, making the plants more efficient and better adapted to hot climates. With a growing global demand for food and a changing environment due to global warming, developing heat-resistant crops has become critical.
Parimalan Rangan et al. New evidence for grain specific C4 photosynthesis in wheat. Scientific Reports (2016). | <urn:uuid:a6e4227e-365e-4936-8c16-ae911fa9db69> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://naturalsciencenews.com/2016/08/17/wheat-grains-use-their-own-photosynthesis-pathway-discovery-may-lead-to-heat-resistant-crops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146127.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225172036-20200225202036-00483.warc.gz | en | 0.954826 | 454 | 3.65625 | 4 |
- Locating and Inserting Clip Art
- Inserting a Picture
- Inserting a Picture Screen Shot
- Adding an Artistic Style to a Picture
- Adding a Quick Style to a Picture
- Applying a Shape to a Picture
- Applying a Border to a Picture
- Applying Picture Effects
- Modifying Picture Size
- Compressing a Picture
- Correcting a Picture
- Recoloring a Picture
- Cropping and Rotating a Picture
- Removing a Picture Background
- Creating WordArt Text
- Formatting WordArt Text
- Applying WordArt Text Effects
- Modifying WordArt Text Position
- Creating SmartArt Graphics
- Formatting a SmartArt Graphic
- Modifying a SmartArt Graphic
- Adding Pictures to a SmartArt Graphic
- Creating an Organization Chart
- Inserting and Creating a Chart
- Changing a Chart Layout and Style
- Changing Chart Labels
- Formatting Line and Bar Charts
- Editing Chart Data
- Saving a Chart Template
Removing a Picture Background
Sometimes you want to use an element from a picture instead of the entire picture. With the Remove Background command (New!), you can specify the element you want in a picture, and then remove the background. You can use automatic background removal or you can manually draw lines to specify which parts of the picture background you want to keep and which to remove.
Remove a Picture Background
- Click the picture you want to change.
- Click the Format tab under Picture Tools.
- Click the Remove Background button.
- Drag the handles on the marquee lines to specify the part of the picture you want to keep. The area outside the marquee gets removed.
- To manually specify which areas to keep and which areas to remove, do the following:
Mark Areas to Keep. Click the button, and then draw lines to specify which parts of the picture you do not want automatically removed.
Mark Areas to Remove. Click the button, and then draw lines to specify which parts of the picture you do want removed in addition to those automatically marked.
Delete Mark. Click the button, and then click marked lines to remove them.
- Click the Keep Changes button to close and keep the removal or click the Discard All Changes button to close and cancel the automatic removal. | <urn:uuid:d5400ba8-c760-4317-9059-7e08e37652c6> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1617556&seqNum=15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742253.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20181114170648-20181114192648-00167.warc.gz | en | 0.760148 | 478 | 3.09375 | 3 |
« back to encyclopedia search results
Porbeagle Shark (Lamna nasus)
A member of the shark family found on both sides of the Atlantic, and growing up to about 4 metres. It"s sometimes known as "mackerel shark" because of the shape of its tail.
If found on your fishmongers slab, steaks are good simply grilled.
If you enjoy cooking take a minute to look at ‘Simon Scrutton French Cookery Classes’ on Google – and learn how to make top class bistro-style dishes. Suitable for beginners upwards. Small classes. | <urn:uuid:c2dcc86a-c436-4095-b589-bb8daf14fb78> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.gourmetbritain.com/food-encyclopedia/4033/porbeagle-shark-lamna-nasus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608652.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526090406-20170526110406-00294.warc.gz | en | 0.935604 | 128 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Our Klamath Basin Water Crisis
Upholding rural Americans' rights to grow food,
own property, and caretake our wildlife and natural resources.
February 15, 2004
Bald eagle's range slows delisting as endangered
By Elizabeth Gillespie
The Associated Press
CONCRETE, Wash. - So many bald eagles swoop down from the treetops to pluck their breakfast from the Skagit River, you wouldn't think they were a threatened species.
Biologically speaking, they aren't.
But because they're found in every one of the lower 48 states, it's taking the federal government longer than expected to get them off the endangered species list - a proposal then-President Clinton pitched 4 1/2 years ago.
``It's like Pandora's box. It seems like a simple thing, but it's not when you start delving into it,'' said Cindy Hoffman, a U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service spokeswoman in the agency's Washington, D.C., office.
Once the government says an animal is ready to be taken off the threatened or endangered list, it usually takes about a year for it to happen. That's because most federally protected species inhabit relatively small areas, Hoffman said.
The bald eagle's territory, by comparison, stretches over much of the North American continent, with tens of thousands living in Alaska and British Columbia. The most recent survey in the contiguous United States counted nearly 6,500 nesting pairs in 2000 - up from just 417 in 1963.
Drafting a post-recovery plan for such a huge range requires updated counts in each state and directives that factor in eagle-protection rules certain states already have in place - rendering a one-size-fits-all transition impossible.
Despite its status as the nation's symbol, eagles were frequently shot and killed throughout most of the 1800s and early 1900s, in many cases by ranchers who complained that the birds preyed on their sheep. Shoreline development and logging led to widespread habitat loss, and after World War II, use of DDT and other pesticides that weakened egg shells sent the bald eagle's birth rate plummeting.
The first move to protect the majestic birds came in 1940 with the federal Bald Eagle Protection act, later revised to include the golden eagle. In 1972, the Environmental Protection Agency banned the use of DDT, saying the bald eagle was teetering on the brink of extinction outside Alaska.
In 1978, Fish & Wildlife listed the bald eagle as endangered in 43 states and threatened in Washington, Oregon, Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin. By 1995, the species had rebounded enough to be reclassified as threatened throughout the lower 48.
Bald eagles started meeting recovery goals in Washington state in the mid-1980s, and by the late 1990s, they were so abundant, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife stopped conducting annual population surveys.
NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, any copyrighted
material herein is distributed without profit or payment to those who have
expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit
research and educational purposes only. For more information go to:
Page Updated: Thursday May 07, 2009 09:15 AM Pacific
Copyright © klamathbasincrisis.org, 2004, All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:64c1958d-7b7a-47cf-b89d-0774f17a8243> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.klamathbasincrisis.org/esa/esabaldeagleslowdelist021704.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257651465.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324225928-20180325005928-00594.warc.gz | en | 0.934782 | 682 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Serving all people by providing personalized health and wellness through exemplary care, education and research.
Explore health content from A to Z.
I need information about...
Your child has a fracture (break) in his or her femur (thighbone). The femur is a strong bone and is very hard to break. So a femur fracture is often the result of great force during severe trauma (such as a car accident, bad fall, or serious sports injury). Your child may have already been seen in an emergency room for initial treatment for the fracture. But further treatment is needed to help the leg heal. A child with a femur fracture is likely to be referred to an orthopaedic surgeon (a surgeon specializing in bone and joint problems).
Health care providers are trained to recognize a femur fracture as a sign of possible child abuse. Several health care providers may ask questions about how your child was injured. Health care providers are required by law to ask you these questions. This is done for protection of the child. Please try to be patient and not take offense.
A bone can break in many ways. Here are some fracture types you may hear about:
The fracture may be displaced (the broken bone ends do not line up) or nondisplaced (the broken ends are lined up).
The fracture can be open (bone shows through the skin). These used to be called “compound” fractures. Or, the fracture can be closed (there is no break in the skin).
The fracture may be comminuted (bone broken into more than two pieces).
Pain in the thigh
Swelling of thigh
Discoloration of the skin (bruising)
Inability to walk
A femur fracture is often diagnosed when the doctor examines the child. An X-ray (test that creates images of bones) will confirm the fracture. Because it takes great force to break the femur, more X-rays may be done to rule out fractures in nearby bones or to bones in other parts of the body.
The goal of treatment for a fracture is to hold bones together so they can heal. The best course of treatment for your child depends on your child’s age, the location of the fracture, and the type and severity of the fracture. Your child’s doctor will explain the options to you and make recommendations. It generally takes 4-12 months for a femur fracture to heal completely.
A spica cast covers the child from waist to ankle. It keeps the thighbone and hip area completely still. This helps the bone heal correctly.
A spica cast is left on until the bone is healed, in about 8-12 weeks. The child may not be able to walk while the cast is in place.
After the cast comes off, the child may need to use crutches for 3-4 weeks while the leg regains strength if he or she is old enough (around age 6). Younger children may need to ride in a stroller or wagon or be carried until they are stronger..
This type of cast is mainly used in younger children.
Surgery can be done to place devices that hold the bones together while they heal. These are called fixation devices. This option lets children get back to school and other aspects of their life (with crutches or a walker) sooner than with casting. During surgery:
The fracture is reduced (the broken ends of bone moved back into line) if needed.
One of these types of fixations is then put into place:
Internal fixation: Long, flexible nails are placed inside the femur. These hold the fractured bone in place while it heals. The nails are most often removed after the fracture has healed. In rare cases, the nails are left in place.
External fixation: This is used when internal fixation is not an option. Metal pins are put through skin into the fractured bone. These pins are attached to a bar that sits outside of the skin on the child’s thigh. The pins and bar hold the fractured bone in place while it heals. The pins and bar are removed after the fracture has healed.
Plates and screws: A small metal plate is placed across the femur fracture and held in place by screws. The plate and screws are removed after the fracture has healed.
In rare cases, traction may be needed before casting is done. Traction uses a system of ropes, pulleys, and weights attached to metal pins placed into the leg bone. The system gently pulls on the leg bones to help them line up straight.
Traction is done in the hospital. It is in place continuously for up to 2 weeks. The child must remain in bed during this time.
When traction is complete, the child is put into a spica cast to hold the realigned bone in place while it heals completely.
After a fracture heals, don’t worry about getting your child to walk right away. Your child will start walking on the leg again when he or she is ready. Walking too soon can cause further damage to the leg.
When the child starts walking again, he or she may limp or walk awkwardly. This may last for up to a year. But it almost always goes away.
After the bone has healed, a course of physical therapy may be recommended to help strengthen the leg. Your child’s doctor can tell you more.
Just after the fracture heals, the leg may not look straight. However, the bone is still going through a process called remodeling. During remodeling, the repaired bone slowly reshapes itself. Most angles or bends in the bone straighten out during this stage. This process takes 1 to 3 years.
In some cases, the fractured thighbone may grow faster than the uninjured thighbone in the other leg. This results in a slightly longer leg on the injured side (called a leg-length discrepancy). If this is the case with your child, the doctor can discuss it with you.
Copyright © 2015 Baylor Scott & White Health. All Rights Reserved. |
3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246-2017 | 1.800.4BAYLOR | <urn:uuid:781155e5-f5dc-41f5-8d31-f00dae5c3165> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://healthsource.baylorhealth.com/3,89347 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096208.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00283-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941923 | 1,270 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Instructors and students have a lot to do during any given semester, so being able to organize information and complete tasks is crucial to success. Contained within the Microsoft Office Suite is an application called OneNote; which can allow a user to easily categorize data, keep track of daily activities, and record important notes or resources. In a college environment, instructors can use OneNote to capture ideas, projects, and lesson plans for each course they are teaching. Similarly, students can use it for each course they are taking to document lecture notes, assignments, and class information.
With OneNote, you can categorize your data in multiple levels with the use of Notebooks, Sections, and Pages. These levels provide you the means to create a customized platform that makes it easy to organize important information regarding each component you need to keep track of.
- Notebook: Create an overall category
- Section: Breakdown your category into individual sections
- Pages: Breakdown your sections into more detailed areas
What You Can Store
One of the great things about OneNote is that you are not limited to the types of content you can store. In this day and age, particularly in educational environments, multiple formats are used to provide data, resources, and to engage various learning styles. With OneNote, you can easily keep track of available content in the form of text, images, screen clips, links, video, and audio format.
With tags, you can further categorize individual entries within pages. Tags allow you to flag notes for specific actions (such as priority and to do items) or as content types (such as music, books, or contacts). When you tag an item, a small icon is added next to the note to indicate it has been tagged. This can be extremely useful if an item within your content requires further action or is of greater importance than the rest of the content. You can even create your own custom tags to further personalize your notebook.
Another useful feature of OneNote is that it enhances collaboration and communication by providing multiple user access to a single Notebook. With this feature, several users can review and update content stored in a single, convenient location and changes are saved for all users to view. For instructors, this can be a handy tool, as they can easily collaborate with fellow instructors by sharing course tools and ideas. Students can also utilize this tool when working together on group projects and assignments.
As an instructor or a student, OneNote can make it extremely easy to stay organized and increase productivity by keeping all of your important information in one place. For more information on this application, visit Microsoft OneNote2010 on the web. | <urn:uuid:9c057e3b-7780-4853-9465-fe4000965404> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://sjcblogs.sanjac.edu/its/2011/11/07/organization-and-productivity-with-microsoft-onenote-2010/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402132335.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20201001210429-20201002000429-00258.warc.gz | en | 0.910708 | 540 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Chemistry Program presents
The Role of DNA Shape in the Workings of the Human Genome
Tuesday, April 2, 2013
A lecture by
Professor of Chemistry and Director of Bioinformatics
In the age of genomics, DNA is most often depicted as a string of letters. While this is useful for representing the large amount of information encoded in a genome, the underlying molecular nature of DNA is obscured. Readout of genetic information is based on protein binding to specific sites in genomic DNA, but proteins cannot "read" DNA letters – they discriminate between potential DNA binding sites via the principles of molecular recognition. To introduce a structural dimension to genome analysis, we have developed a database of DNA structural patterns, ORChID, based on hydroxyl radical cleavage of DNA. We used ORChID to produce a topographical map of the variation in DNA structure throughout the human genome. I will present recent work in which we use ORChID to assess how DNA topography contributes to the binding of proteins and small molecules to DNA.
Tom Tullius conducts research in genomics, structural biology, and biophysical chemistry. In addition to Chemistry, he is the Professor of Pharmacology and Professor of Experimental Therapeutics in the Boston University School of Medicine. He is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
For more information, call 845-752-2354, or e-mail email@example.com.
Location: Reem-Kayden Center Laszlo Z. Bito '60 Auditorium
Send: E-mail this to a Friend
Subscribe: Save this Event: Subscribe / .ics File | <urn:uuid:0dabb292-36f4-47f9-a1f7-b1205a31da6a> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.bard.edu/news/events/event.php?eid=118251&year=2013&month=04&day=02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413558065752.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017150105-00057-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891855 | 341 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Natural Resources are of two main types, renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources include wildlife and natural vegetation of all kinds. The soil itself may be considered a renewable resource, although severe damage is difficult to repair because of the slow rate of soil-forming processes. The natural drainage of waters from the watershed of a region can be maintained indefinitely by careful management of vegetation and soils, and the quality of water can be controlled through pollution control. Renewable resources are capable of being regenerated or replaced by ecological processes on a time scale relevant to their use. These resources, such as biomass or energy from animal traction. Non-renewable resources: they include fossil fuels and mined products. Energy supply in World combined resources by which the nations of the world attempt to meet their energy needs. Reference to energy needs may simply be to the demand for so many tones of coal, barrels of oil, cubic meters of gas and so on ; but consumers are usually less interested in qualities of fuel than in energy services that it provides. | <urn:uuid:3160d6a2-6f9c-45bd-a798-53f5fb0f74cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://www.clickoncare.com/exhausted-use-of-natural-resources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187717.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00326-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960525 | 208 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Healing – definition
Healing is the process of partial or full recovery of individuals in accordance with its natural norms through the regulation of energy metabolism. Man is self-healing. And one of the goals of healing is to assist and accelerate the attainment of holistic Wellness.
Spiritual healing is healing, built on the collaborative work of the healer and the patient and is associated with knowledge of the laws of Nature. In the course of spiritual healing person takes responsibility for their own health, resulting in changing stereotypes of unnatural forms of behavior. In exchange there is a conscious tab on the subconscious forms of behavior, corresponding to the inner essence of man (his spirit). Ie man, or yogi, puts their behavior into the framework of natural laws and, thereby, reach a greater number of degrees of freedom in its manifestations.
The laws of healing
The laws of healing are those laws that allow you to harmoniously carry out medical practice. A list of some of the laws of healing .
Do no harm.
Without being asked is not the goal (do not ask – do not go).
Healer – heal.
The healer should not feel sorry for patients.
Otherwise he takes his problem and shortens its life.
To be humane (compassionate).
To be pretindea patients, not alienate them from themselves by their treatment.
Magic and healing
Healing and magic practices in both these areas is connected with a deep knowledge of the subtle world. In the tradition of our School of magic is a function of the fracture (the executioners), and the healing function of transformation (orderlies). Healer of the same rank as a mage is more spiritual and competent person in matters of device human influence. So an experienced healer is able to remove the damage, omens, magic, curses and other magical effects that are, in fact, are destructive. And mage in very rare cases, can restore man to a state of integrity, without destroying any other systems in his body.
Esoteric healing is healing, including methods developed by official medicine, as well as using methods based on knowledge of the human subtle bodies, their relationships and the basics of energy supply. Competent esoteric healing is fully relevant to the term healing, as it restores the individual to the level of material bodies, bodies of the soul and strengthens the spirit of man.
The basics of healing
The basics of healing are complying with the laws of healing . ethics of healing . An important aspect in healing is the knowledge of the rituals of healing that allows the healer to act on the subtle planes. The basis of healing is the knowledge of the healer and the observance of the laws of Nature – a constant spiritual growth. The basis of this could be yoga, as a lifestyle. Natural yoga. we are studying within the school of yoga allows a person pursuing a path of healing, gradually and harmoniously to learn the basics of healing.
We welcome all thoughtful, creative people and encourage them to actively support each other.
The creators of the website understand that each of those who came to our site is a seeking person, has its own world Outlook, life experience and achievements. And so if you were interesting and useful information, articles provided on the site we would be grateful if you post excerpts of our articles on their websites with reference to us or mark in your bookmarks. | <urn:uuid:2001a08b-5673-4e7f-b536-de00a19cf40b> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://kineticrace.info/post517 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215176.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819125734-20180819145734-00063.warc.gz | en | 0.949872 | 683 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Whether we like it or not, our kids frequently witness activities that are cruel to animals thinking that these are acceptable and they may never find out about the realities behind these practices. As adults, we too don’t think much about the consequences of our actions on the plight of the animals around us. Do we continue to visit animal shows where animals are kept in confined spaces? Do we question where our food come from and how the food industry is run? Are there animal-friendly alternatives to our fashion and food preferences? Are we guilty of contributing to the rising number of abandoned pets? Do we educate our kids enough about animal welfare and wildlife conservation?
I started to think about these issues after sharing the book app, Animal Rescue by PatrickGeorge Ltd with my youngest. This is actually a fun picture book for children to play animal rescue hero but strangely it was thought provoking at the same time. My son enjoyed freeing the animals and with a little prompting, he began to ask why the animals were not happy and wondered why certain actions were wrong. He was also curious to know what happened after he saved them? It is a simple yet powerful app that provided us with lots of learning opportunities.
While Animal Rescue is easy to play and seemingly simple, it is full of surprises for kids to discover. There are 14 animals to be saved in the app. Two side-by-side pages are devoted to each animal – the picture on the right shows the animal in captivity (or cruelly treated) and the left shows a scene where the animal rightfully belongs. A transparent page lies in between the two pages and it has a picture of the animal printed on it. This overlay completes the pages on both sides.
With a flip (swiping or tapping action) of the transparent page from right to left, kids feel empowered as they can transport the animal from captivity to freedom and instantly change the animal’s well being. They can also see the change taking place gradually if they turn the transparent page slowly. What I like best is the clever use of these transparent pages to make the animal from one page becomes part of the other page as we turn the transparent pages back and forth. This two-way flipping shows vividly the damaging effects of our actions and what needs to be done. What is interesting is that you don’t know what is the full story on the other page until you turn the transparent page.
This picture book is also available in a physical book version but the app has the advantage in that readers can immerse in a more interactive environment with various sound effects like the sound of the animals, their natural habitat and the celebratory cheers when an animal is rescued. There are also light animations on each page to entertain the readers.
There are no words in this picture book but there is really no need for them as the bright and colorful illustrations clearly convey the need for animal protection. Being wordless also allows you to pitch your conversations to your child’s level of understanding. It could be just a fun animal rescue story book that introduces your child to empathy for animals, or a conservation awareness book that prompts your child to take a stand on inhumane acts against animals, or an open-ended book to encourage your child to talk about how we can make a difference in the lives of these animals. It can be used for different age groups and purposes in that sense.
Animal Rescue is a simple but educational and meaningful book app that makes a heavy topic easy for young children to understand. It’s a topic that we don’t talk about enough but the fun and ingenious transparent pages in this book app will have children coming back to play and talking often. Every child should have access to this wonderful book, be it at home or in the school.
Like on Facebook:
Animal Rescue Book
by PatrickGeorge Ltd
Price: $1.99 USD
Help! The animals need rescuing! Fourteen animals to rescue including an orca, an elephant, a lion cub, a puppy...Swipe across to turn the page and then swipe again to rescue! Choose your favourite animal.
NOTE: A fee was received to expedite this review to the top of our waiting list but this payment has not influenced the objectivity of the review and all opinions have been offered honestly. | <urn:uuid:e456aac2-3c79-4f9d-a686-1a22aba19f53> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://theimums.com/2017/03/animal-rescue-by-patrickgeorge-ltd-review/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889567.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120102905-20180120122905-00019.warc.gz | en | 0.95884 | 873 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Easter Island. This article needs additional citations for verification. In the Rapa Nui mythologythe deity Make-make was the chief god of the birdman cult, and the other three deities associated with it were Hawa-tuu-take-take the Chief of the eggs, a male godhis wife Vie Hoa, and another female deity named Vie Kenatea. You are commenting using your WordPress. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. On the remote Pacific island of Rapa Nui, or Easter Islandan annual competition was held to determine who would be the Tangata manu or Bird-man for the next year. The new tangata-manu was entitled to gifts of food and other tributes including his clan having sole rights to collect that season's harvest of wild bird eggs and fledglings from Motu Nuiand went into seclusion for a year in a special ceremonial house. Those that escaped and remained were wiped out by smallpox and other diseases the Europeans brought with them. The other competitors would then return to their respective patrons with the news.
The Tangata manu was the winner of a traditional competition on Rapa Nui ( Easter Island). 1 Myth; 2 Birdman religion; 3 In popular culture; 4 References. Discovering the mysteries behind the Birdman Cult of Easter Island, one of the panoramic views from this place and the amazing culture and. One of the most famous rock art motifs on Easter Island is that of the Birdman The Rise & Fall of Easter Island's Culture easter island birdman motif orongo.
Yes they were very enigmatic!
The Rapanui lost many of their leaders and wise men in this way and most of their knowledge and history died along with them. Swim back to the cliffs of Orongo then climb up the cliffs to the sacred village with the egg unbroken. Presents of food and tributes were given and he was given special privileges.
Video: Easter island birdman culture Easter Island, the Orongo village and the Birdman Cult
Once in residence there he was considered tapu sacred for the next five months of his year-long status, and allowed his nails to grow and wore a headdress of human hair.
Easter island birdman culture
|Moai Pukao. Once the first egg was collected, the finder would go to the highest point on Motu Nui and call out to the shore of the main island, announcing his benefactor by that benefactor's new name and telling him, "Go shave your head, you have got the egg!
Swim back to the cliffs of Orongo then climb up the cliffs to the sacred village with the egg unbroken.
Birth of Easter Island's Birdman Cult
It was an incredibly difficult and dangerous task and sometimes hopu were killed in the attempt. Participants competed to collect the first egg laid by the Sooty tern and bring it back to the sacred village of Orongo. These two species of seabirds nested on the nearby islet of Motu Nui between July and August each year.
Importantly his clan was given the sole rights to harvest the eggs and Sooty terns of Moto Nui during his period of residence as tapu.
Discover the culture and mystery surrounding Easter Island's famous Birdman that helped to prolong the survival of the remote island's. The sooty tern played a significant role in the culture of Easter Island, a remote territory located over miles (km) off the coast of Chile.
On the return of the hopu with the egg he would give it to his patron who would then be given the title Tangata-Manu.
Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here Views Read Edit View history. There the winner would become the Tangata manu for a term.
These two species of seabirds nested on the nearby islet of Motu Nui between July and August each year. Birdman petroglyphs.
THOMPSON CRAWLEY FURNITURE TOPEKA KS MALL
|Rapa Nui is a place of mystery whose people developed a unique culture and civilization.
The race was very dangerous and many hopu were killed by sharks, by drowning, or by falling from cliff faces, though replacements were apparently easily available.
Today, despite its isolation Rapa Nui and its citizens are still a major fascination for many people who still wonder at the remarkable people who produced such a rich culture and is still special today! They then had to climb down the cliffs to the sea. You are commenting using your Facebook account.
Video: Easter island birdman culture Rapa Nui - Original Theatrical Trailer
The most visible and famous product of this culture today is the moai. | <urn:uuid:952fdc8b-4ad7-4a64-b572-113508eca95d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://ogcongress.com/unsorted/easter-island-birdman-culture-9306792.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141743438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204193220-20201204223220-00055.warc.gz | en | 0.975153 | 984 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Plants perennial (rarely annual); cespitose, from a knotty base, often mat-forming. Culms 3-8(20) cm, often decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, frequently branched above the bases, forming short spur shoots at the ends of long internodes; internodes minutely pubescent. Leaves clustered at the bases of the primary and spur shoots; basal sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligules of hairs or absent; blades linear to triangular, convolute to conduplicate, or flat to plicate, sharp, those of the upper leaves usually exceeding the inflorescences. Inflorescences terminal, compact panicles, exserted or partially included in the upper sheath(s). Spikelets laterally compressed, subsessile or pedicellate, with 4 florets per spikelet; disarticulation above the glumes but not between the florets. Glumes subequal to each other and the lowest lemma, rounded or weakly keeled, 1-veined, awn-tipped or unawned; lowest 2 florets in each spikelet staminate or sterile; third floret pistillate or bisexual; lemmasrounded on the back, 3-veined, mostly glabrous but pilose across the bases and on the margins, strongly 3-lobed, lateral lobes wider than the central lobes, all lobes ciliate on 1 or both margins, lower lemmas slightly shorter to slightly longer than the lemmas; lodicules absent; anthers 2 or 3 (rarely 1); style branches 2. Distal florets rudimentary, 3-awned, plumose, or hairy. Caryopses laterally compressed. x = 7. Name from the Greek blepharis, eyelash, and achne, scale or chaff, an allusion to the ciliate lemmas. | <urn:uuid:ea05e1ec-0295-4893-9d2c-eb149b71840f> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=Blepharidachne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982950764.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200910-00173-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838815 | 408 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Other Physical Delivery Methods
Physical gene delivery methods other than electroporation include biolistic particle delivery, direct microinjection, and laser-mediated transfection. Although these physical methods differ in the tools they employ, they all enable the direct transfer of nucleic acids into the cytoplasm or the nucleus by membrane penetration without using chemicals or viruses.
Biolistic particle delivery
In brief, biolistic particle delivery, also known as particle bombardment, involves projecting microscopic heavy-metal particles (often gold or tungsten) coated with nucleic acids into recipient cells at high velocity using a ballistic device (i.e., “gene gun”). Biolistic particle delivery can be used to transiently transfect dividing and non‑dividing cells in culture as well as cells in vivo, and it is often used for genetic vaccination and agriculture applications (Klein et al., 1992; Ye et al., 1990; Burkholder et al., 1993). While this technique is reliable and fast, it requires costly equipment, causes physical damage to the samples, and necessitates high cell numbers due to high mortality.
Direct microinjection delivers nucleic acids into the cytoplasm or the nucleus one cell at a time by means of a fine needle; therefore, this method is limited to ex vivo applications such as the transfer of genes into oocytes to engineer transgenic animals or the delivery of artificial chromosomes (Cappechi, 1980; Cappechi, 1989; Telenius et al., 1999). Although direct microinjection is nearly 100% efficient, it demands considerable technical skill, is extremely labor-intensive, and often causes cell death. As such, this method is not appropriate for studies that require the transfection of large number of cells.
Laser-mediated transfection, also known as phototransfection, laserfection, or optoporation, uses a laser pulse to transiently permeabilize the cell membrane (Shirahata et al., 2001; Schneckenburger et al., 2002). When the laser induces a pore in the membrane, the osmotic difference between the medium and the cytosol facilitates the entry of nucleic acids or other desired substances in the medium (ions, small molecules, proteins, semiconductor nanocrystals, etc.) into the cell. Advantages of laser-mediated transfection include high transfection efficiency and the ability to make pores at any location on the cell. However, the method requires an expensive laser-microscope system and the cells to be attached to a substrate.
In addition to the methods mentioned above, other physical delivery technologies use hydrodynamic pressure, ultrasound, or magnetic field to drive naked nucleic acids or nucleic acid-particle complexes into recipient cells. | <urn:uuid:9809b072-c862-4a52-a534-ca49a31ea31e> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/gibco-cell-culture-basics/transfection-basics/gene-delivery-technologies/other-physical-delivery-methods.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484020.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218013525-20190218035525-00100.warc.gz | en | 0.903739 | 575 | 3.09375 | 3 |
(a) The Legislature makes the following findings related to the General Educational Development (GED) examination:
(1) The GED examination is an instrument for success that can keep a student from dropping out of school and can transform the future for both school age and adult individuals who attain a GED diploma. One in every seven Americans with a high school credential has received the GED, as well as one in every twenty college students. For those who have not graduated from high school, attaining a GED diploma greatly increases their employment opportunities and earning potential.
(2) While West Virginia's average per-capita income has increased over the past ten years as the state's economy has held steady or grown slightly, most other states have shown declines. Despite these positive changes, West Virginia still ranks as one of the five poorest states in the nation. Additionally, many counties within the state fall far below the state average; therefore, the current cost of the GED examination is difficult for many citizens to afford without help, and significant cost increases will make the GED examination cost prohibitive.
(3) In addition to the cost factor, large areas of West Virginia are without broadband Internet access or without adequate broadband Internet access speeds, which results in diminished opportunities for rural residents to participate in the rapidly unfolding digital revolution compared to their nonrural neighbors. Citizens living in these areas have few opportunities to become adept in computer technology. Therefore, most such citizens, especially adults seeking to earn a GED years after leaving the public school system, are not proficient or even comfortable using the Internet.
(4) Individuals who may benefit most from earning a GED diploma are those who lack many of the skills needed to secure employment or to function successfully in an age dependent upon technology. Because such individuals also lack the financial resources to obtain those needed skills, if the GED is unattainable they are likely to remain in a state of poverty.
(b) It is the intent of the Legislature to make the GED diploma available to the widest possible range of state residents who have not achieved a high school diploma. To that end, an examination of the following issues is required:
(1) The impact on prospective GED test takers of the proposed changes in the design and delivery of the qualifying examination made by the American Council on Education (ACE) in 2011;
(2) The impact of the increase in costs per individual tested; and
(3) The alternatives available to reduce costs and to retain the option of pen and paper testing for those who desire it.
(c) The State Board shall perform an exhaustive study of the issues surrounding administration of the GED examination in the state including, but not limited to, the following:
(1) Analysis of research, pilot testing, or both, that was done in West Virginia by the American Council on Education prior to its decision to eliminate pen and paper examinations, along with the justifications offered for eliminating this type of examination as a possible option;
(2) Determination of the current and future costs to the state to provide GED examinations free of charge to eligible individuals; and
(3) Recommendations for statutory or rule changes to achieve the following goals:
(A) Reducing or controlling escalating costs of administering the GED examinations; and
(B) Retaining paper and pen testing for those individuals who request or require it; or
(C) Eliminating or reducing significantly the difficulty for individuals who are not comfortable or proficient in taking online examinations.
(d) The State Board shall complete its work and report its findings, conclusions and recommendations, together with drafts of any legislation or rule changes necessary to effectuate the recommendations, to the Legislative Oversight Commission on Education Accountability no later than July 1, 2012. | <urn:uuid:ad712e04-a7bc-40f5-97d4-425f8f9f8047> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/ChapterEntire.cfm?chap=18&art=2§ion=6B | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607649.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523183134-20170523203134-00124.warc.gz | en | 0.946718 | 770 | 2.890625 | 3 |
- Subscribe NowLimited Time Offer
Report: Coal export in the Northwest holds heavy CO2 emissions potential
Send this to a friend
A report commissioned by Greenpeace ranked the global energy projects by their potential to impact the climate with carbon dioxide emissions by 2020 — plans for coal export facilities in the Pacific Northwest ranked in fifth place, tied with new Iraqi oil production and the tar sands extraction projects in Canada.
Ecofys, a global clean energy research and consulting firm with U.S. headquarters in Corvallis, found that the operation of new export facilities in the Northwest would result in an additional 420 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions by 2020. The assumptions supporting that figure are that the coal being exported is newly mined coal from the Powder River Basin and that the export facilities — there are a half-dozen in the works at various stages of permitting and approval — are operating at their planned capacity.
The highest impact global energy projects include:
- Expanded coal production in China's western provinces, expected to add an additional 1.4 billion metric tons in CO2 emissions.
- Additional coal production in Australia, projected to clock in with 760 million million metric tons.
- Arctic drilling for oil and gas projected to hit an additional 4250 million metric tons of CO2 emissions by 2020.
The report is based on the idea that the world has a limited carbon budget it can use and still avoid accentuated climate change. Activists like Bill McKibben point out — as he did in his visit last year to Portland and in a much-referenced Rolling Stone article — that the math balancing what fossil fuel companies want to develop and what science shows the climate can handle.
Williams covers sustainable business
If you are commenting using a Facebook account, your profile information may be displayed with your comment depending on your privacy settings. By leaving the 'Post to Facebook' box selected, your comment will be published to your Facebook profile in addition to the space below.
Get your FREE SBO Dispatch email news alert. Stay on top of local sustainable business news with these stories and blogs from Sustainable Business Oregon. | <urn:uuid:0703255a-ef57-4123-b665-fdc62acd7378> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/sbo/2013/01/report-coal-export-in-the-northwest.html?iana=ind_green | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931008919.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155648-00118-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938283 | 429 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Urak Lawoi’ is a language of the Austronesian family with close linguistic links with Malai. It is similar to the village level of the Malay language, without the refinements introduced in modern Bahasa Malaysia. Most of its vocabulary has cognates in Malay, but it has been influenced by the predominant Thai language of South Thailand. It is spoken by between 3000 and 4000 people who are strand-dwellers living on the islands from Phuket south to the Malaysian border. It has little in the way of inflectional morphology with most morphosyntactic categories expressed at the level of the phrase. Its pronoun system distinguishes singular and plural number and distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive first person.
This sketch of Urak Lawoi’ grammar covers all levels of the language up to the discourse structure, and includes some sample texts showing the application of the syntactic structure. It includes a detailed analysis of the verb phrase and insights into clause and sentence patterns. David Hogan was a retired missionary linguist who has worked in this language for over thirty years. He gained his M.A. degree from William Carey International University, Pasadena, through the Pacific College of Graduate Studies, Melbourne.
ISBN 9783929075946. Languages of the World/ Materials 268. 60 pp. 1999. | <urn:uuid:d88cddb0-8221-40e4-80dc-a7c0ad3a81aa> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://lincom-shop.eu/epages/57709feb-b889-4707-b2ce-c666fc88085d.sf/en_GB/?ViewObjectPath=%2FShops%2F57709feb-b889-4707-b2ce-c666fc88085d%2FProducts%2F%22ISBN%209783929075946%22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655887360.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705121829-20200705151829-00580.warc.gz | en | 0.933658 | 266 | 2.640625 | 3 |
HUBIN VILLAGE, China — This placid, leafy hamlet tucked beside a dam in the countryside hardly seems like the next testing ground over China’s efforts to cut smog and greenhouse gases. But here among cornfields and crumbling stone homes skirted by persimmon trees, the government intends to build a nuclear power plant.
“They want to build it here, right here,” said Wang Jiuxing, a retired village official, tapping his foot outside a dilapidated general store, 540 miles west of Shanghai in China’s central Henan Province. “They say all the preliminary work has been done.”
Hubin is one of dozens of sites across the country where officials have plans ready, awaiting further approval, to build atomic reactors over the next decade — an ambitious program to expand the use of nuclear energy that Beijing considers essential to weaning the Chinese economy from its reliance on coal-fired plants, which churn out air pollution and carbon dioxide.
Ask villagers here what they think of the proposed plant, though, and talk quickly turns to the Communist government’s dismal record of industrial accidents, as well as the 2011 nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan. Residents in Hubin will be resettled to new homes a few miles away, but many said that they would still feel threatened living so close to a nuclear station.
“It’s just not safe,” said Liu Shimin, a farmer in her 20s, nursing a baby outside her home near the banks of the Yahe River. “We’ll always be wondering, ‘What if there’s a big accident, like that one in Japan?’ ”
Such fears are on the rise in China as the nation embarks on a new phase of nuclear power construction that could make it the world’s biggest producer of nuclear energy by 2030. To meet its goals, analysts say, China must add six to eight reactor units — a plant usually has several — every year over the coming decade, most likely including its first in inland provinces like Henan and neighboring Hubei.
China’s authoritarian government, adept at corralling public opinion to get its way, can ram through its plans over the objections of people like Ms. Liu. But opponents say its closed, secretive political system is ill equipped to manage a rapid expansion of nuclear power, pointing to its struggle to prevent industrial disasters such as the chemical explosions in Tianjin in August that killed 173 people.
“The Chinese are beginning to wrestle with the same issues that Western countries were dealing with, concerning fear of the technology, transparency in decision making and trust of the authorities,” said Mark Hibbs, an expert on nuclear issues at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace who follows China.
To the government and many energy experts, China faces a choice: Build more nuclear plants, despite the public opposition and safety risks, or continue to rely on coal and accept the pollution and greenhouse gases that go with it.
Without expanding nuclear power, they say, it will be difficult, if not impossible, for President Xi Jinping to fulfill his pledge to stop China’s carbon emissions from growing by 2030 — a commitment made in a landmark climate change agreement with President Obama last year. Mr. Xi also pledged that so-called clean energy sources would account for 20 percent of China’s total energy production by then.
“A lot is at stake here,” Mr. Hibbs said. “If the Chinese don’t get it right, their entire plans for shifting the electricity generation system toward noncarbon sources would come under considerable stress.”
China already operates 30 nuclear power reactors, mostly along its east coast, accounting for 2.4 percent of national electricity consumption. Twenty-one additional plants are under construction, and the World Nuclear Association counts 135 proposed reactors under serious consideration. By 2030, officials want nuclear power to generate up to 10 percent of China’s electricity.
Even if all goes as planned, coal will continue to dominate the energy supply in China. But proponents of the government’s approach say serious cuts to coal use are possible if enough nuclear plants provide a steady alternate source of electricity.
“Low-carbon development would be much harder to achieve if we ruled out nuclear power,” said Zhou Dadi, a professor at the state Energy Research Institute in Beijing, which advises policy makers.
Since starting up its first power reactor in 1991, China has repeatedly wrestled with the pace and scale of its nuclear ambitions. Plans for a nuclear plant in Hubin Village, for example, go back over a decade, part of a rush of proposals for inland plants put forward after 2000.
But a corruption scandal in the nuclear sector in 2009 forced a pause, and after the Fukushima meltdown in 2011, Beijing suspended construction on all nuclear plants, introduced new safety rules and effectively froze plans for inland reactors until the end of 2015.
Now, officials and engineers who support nuclear power have been lobbying for construction of inland plants to resume as part of China’s next five-year growth plan, which begins in 2016.
The Chinese Academy of Engineering, a government advisory body, submitted two reports to policy makers this year arguing that greater use of nuclear energy, including from reactors built inland, would help reduce the air pollution that is choking Chinese cities. Pollution from coal causes up to 1.2 million premature deaths a year in China.
Up to now, China has built its reactors close to the coast, where water needed for cooling systems is plentiful and there are big cities nearby hungry for power. But the next phase is almost certain to push inland, and that has become a chief focus for opponents of the nuclear program.
They argue that limited water supplies and poor radiation dispersal make the proposed inland sites more dangerous, and that the sites are more densely populated than places where reactors have been built away from the coast in countries like the United States. They worry especially about the risk of radiation leaking into China’s biggest river, the Yangtze.
“If there’s an accident, the environmental impact from an inland nuclear station will be far more serious than one on the coast,” said He Zuoxiu, a prominent retired physicist who is China’s most vocal opponent of nuclear energy. “Imagine if the Fukushima accident had happened on the course of the Yangtze River. Then how many people would have their food and water contaminated?”
Proponents of nuclear power in China say the proposed inland sites need technology not very different from those on the coast, and that the new reactors will be much safer than older models. They also argue that China’s nuclear safety administration is more effective than other regulators in the country, especially since the Fukushima disaster prompted Beijing to devote more resources to it.
“After Fukushima, they have thought about the lessons learned,” said Gavin Liu, president of Asia for Westinghouse Electric Company, whose AP1000 reactor is a cornerstone of China’s nuclear plan. He added, “I think we’re going to see more a robust and reliable nuclear construction program going to happen here.”
Opponents of nuclear power in China maintain that the country can achieve its clean energy goals without a nuclear building spree, by investing heavily in improving solar and wind power and by upgrading the power grid so it can send electricity more efficiently across vast distances.
They point to the deadly explosions in Tianjin, where hazardous chemicals appear to have been stored improperly at a facility close to residential areas, as an example of how of lax regulation, graft and official obfuscation can undo the Chinese government’s promises to put safety first.
“Those searing lessons must never be played out in a nuclear reactor accident,” Wang Yinan, a researcher at a government think tank and influential critic of the nuclear plans, told the Chinese magazine Caixin last month. “For our political stability, economic development and social order, that would be a weight too heavy to bear.”
Studies indicate that many Chinese would oppose a nuclear plant near their homes, but support nuclear energy in principle. That support, though, reflects the government’s ability to control information and discourage debate, said Arthur Mol, an environmental policy professor at Wageningen University in the Netherlands.
Xuehua Zhang, a Chinese environmental policy researcher who has questioned plans to build more nuclear plants, especially inland, said, “Public participation in this decision-making process of whether and where to build nuclear power plants is extremely important.”
Ning Li, dean of the School of Energy Research at Xiamen University in China, who supports greater use of atomic energy, said “not in my backyard” protests were on the rise. “So far, it hasn’t risen to the level of stopping nuclear, but in some areas it is slowing it down,” he said.
In July 2013, officials in southern China curtailed plans for a nuclear fuel fabrication plant after hundreds of residents protested in a nearby town. That episode “sent a shock wave” through China’s nuclear establishment, which had assumed its plans could be insulated from public opposition, said Rob Forrest, a physicist who studied China’s nuclear program while at Stanford University.
In Hubin, the authorities have sought to reassure residents by taking representatives to visit a nuclear plant in Zhejiang Province in eastern China. “We have to believe that the government is doing this because it must and can keep us safe,” said Mr. Wang, the retired village official.
Other villagers expressed a mix of resignation and worry. Residents in Nanyang, a city of 1.5 million about 20 miles to the south, have also voiced alarm on the Internet and called for the project to be scuttled.
“Here and around Nanyang, there’s opposition, but that’s futile,” said Li Chaoyong, 50, who builds and repairs homes around Hubin. “But if there are problems again like in Japan …” His voice trailed off, and he shook his head. | <urn:uuid:002ef378-3a37-496d-8b3e-c52999551d4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://flashnewsupdates.com/chinas-nuclear-vision-collides-with-villagers-fears.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805578.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119115102-20171119135102-00502.warc.gz | en | 0.956326 | 2,110 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Sparklines are miniature charts that fit into a single cell. Because they're so compact, you can place a large number of them in your worksheets. For example, you could place one sparkline on each row to show trends within that row. In this lesson, you will learn how to insert sparklines and change their type and appearance.
Sparklines were introduced in Excel 2010 to be a convenient alternative to charts. Unlike a traditional chart, a sparkline is placed inside a cell, allowing you to easily create a large number of sparklines (for example, one on each row).
Optional: You can download this example for extra practice.
There are three types of sparklines: Line, Column, and Win/Loss. Line and Column work the same as line and column charts. Win/Loss is similar to Column, except it only shows whether each value is positive or negative instead of how high or low the values are. All three types can display markers at important points—such as the highest and lowest points—to make them easier to read.
Sparklines are basically charts, so why would you want to use sparklines instead of charts? Sparklines have certain advantages that make them more convenient in many cases. Let's say you have 1,000 rows of data. If you place a sparkline on each row, it will be right next to its source data, making it easy to see the relationships between the numbers and the sparkline. If you used a traditional chart, it would need to have 1,000 data series in order to represent all of the rows, and you would probably need to do a lot of scrolling to find relevant data in the worksheet.
Sparklines are ideal for situations where you want to make the data clearer and more eye catching, and where you don't need all of the features of a full chart. On the other hand, charts are ideal for situations where you want to represent the data in greater detail, and they are often better for comparing different data series.
Generally, you will have one sparkline for each row, but you can create as many as you want in any location you want. Just like with formulas, it's usually easiest to create a single sparkline and then use the fill handle to automatically create sparklines for the remaining rows.
Certain points on the sparkline can be emphasized with markers—or dots—making the sparkline more readable. For example, in a line with a lot of ups and downs, it may be difficult to tell which ones are the highest and lowest points, but if you show the High Point and Low Point it will be easy to identify them.
Some sparkline types will be better or worse for certain types of data. For example, Win/Loss is best suited for data where there may be positive and negative values (such as net earnings).
By default, each sparkline is scaled to fit the maximum and minimum values of its own data. This allows it to fill the entire cell, no matter how high or low the values are. However, it has a downside: If you are trying to compare several sparklines, you won't be able to tell at a glance which have higher or lower values. The solution is to make the display range the same for all of the sparklines. | <urn:uuid:e5a93b27-5d7a-4767-ad0b-4c4b90bc7c24> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/excel2010/working-with-sparklines/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780054023.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20210917024943-20210917054943-00636.warc.gz | en | 0.937302 | 678 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Rabbi Lewis Warshuaer
The philosopher George Santayana wrote that those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. His words have been often used and more often misused. The past is not a document that can simply be pulled out of a file. The past is what we remember it to have been. How we remember it depends on how we have told it. The Torah is, among other things, a record of how the Jewish people told, or were told, its past.
Yet the Torah is difficult to use as a memory book. If an extraterrestrial being were to come to Earth and ask you about the past of the Jewish people, you would not want to hand over the Torah and say: Read this. Many of the narratives appear to be too long, repetitious and even useless in the words of Maimonides. Maimonides, in his Guide for the Perplexed (III:50) confronts head-on the challenge often posed to the Bible - that many sections are just too wordy. He points out that there is a difference between what an individual sees and what is set down in writing. When one sees an event, one can recognize the important details. When those same details are recorded in writing, they appear to the reader, who did not see them, as unnecessary. Maimonides uses as a case in point the opening verses of Parashat Masei, which are a recapitulation of the journeys of the children of Israel in the wilderness. Each stop along the way is mentioned. For instance, why tell that the nation journeyed from a place called Rimmon Peretz to another place called Livnah (Numbers 33:19)? Is this part of the Torah nothing more than a glorified travelogue? For Maimonides, it is vitally important to the Torah, and indeed to the entire enterprise of Judaism, that these details be mentioned. The journey of the Israelites in the wilderness was no mere excursion. It was a miracle. For forty years, God protected the people from harsh conditions and fed them with manna. If the story were merely repeated orally, future listeners might consider it to be false. The detailed, written exposition of these events in the Torah is reliable testimony, according to Maimonides, that these miracles actually occurred.
The problem with Maimonides' explanation is that many Jews do not believe that the Torah is a reliable testimony to the past, and therefore is not particularly worth remembering. Forget about the theoretical extraterrestrial who wants to know about the past of the Jewish people. Too many Jews today cannot answer basic questions on or about the history of our people, where we came from and where we journeyed.
continue reading by
for additional insights on this week's parsha and others, visit The JTS Torah Commentary archive: http://www.jtsa.edu
May Their Memories Be For a Blessing
Toby Leib Myers
Florence Bobry Robert
7/29/2014 (2 Av)
Milton (Billy) Graub
7/31/2014 (4 Av)
Please click here if you wish to permanently memorialize a loved one by purchasing a yahrtzeit plaque.
Friday, July 25th
6 p.m. Chapel
9 a.m. Services, Sanctuary
Kiddush Lunch is sponsored by Barbara Kappy marking the yahrtzeit of her mother, Sophie Fishel, and by the following Kiddush Lunch Group: Fred and Mindy Shuback, Cheryl and Mitch Parker, Sharon and Leonard Rosen, Laurie and Robert Kimmel, Fran Stark and Dave Hundiak, Ed and Fran Chudnow, Evan and Leslie Chudnow, Rebecca Tron, and Sandy and Warren Lada.
Click here to help with Kiddush Lunch
*Kiddush Lunch is available through donations to the Kiddush Lunch Fund, the generosity of weekly sponsors, and volunteer efforts of our congregants and regular attendees. Please
e-mail or call the synagogue office if you would like to sponsor a kiddush lunch.To sponsor as part of a "group," please e-mail Joanna Abramson
or Mindy Shuback
. You may also make a donation to the Kiddush Lunch Fund by clicking here.To sign up to help prepare Kiddush Lunch please use the "volunteer spot" button above.
SATURDAY NIGHT LEARNING July 19
HIGH HOLIDAY PACKETS, WHICH INCLUDES
TICKETS, WILL BE MAILED IN AUGUST TO MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING.
TO PURCHASE HIGH HOLIDAY TICKETS,
TISHA B'AV OBSERVANCE
MACCABI 2014 Detroit INFO
Host families and assistance needed. Please consider getting involved.
Contact the JCC Maccabi Hotline to get involved: 248-432-5500,
Upcoming Youth and Family Activities
Shabbat Youth Activities will resume in the fall.
Fall Events for Camp Ramah
Camp Heremelin, 12:30 p.m. at the home of Doreen Hermelin
Welcome Back from Camp Ramah
5-7 p.m., Adat Shalom Synagogue
To stay current on all youth and family activities, contact Ilana Glazier to join the B'nai Israel Families Facebook Group.
"Making Sense of the Machzor"
A 3-Part Series as part of SNL, Saturday Night Learning
Shabbat, September 6, 13, 20 - 6:30 pm
Prepare for the Yamim Noraim over Seudah Shlishit, as we wrap up the season's Saturday Night Learning sessions.
"Reflections on the Siddur," with Dr. Mitch Parker
will return in the fall.
Want to brush up on your prayer skills, tropes or birkat amazon? Click here.
24 Leslie Chudnow
24 Bernice Handler
27 Barbara Kappy
28 Francine Stark-Hundiak
29 Robin Jacobson
29 David Lazarus
30 Hannah Finn
30 Ian Robinson
31 Brandon Kappy
31 Noah Weingarden
If your birthday or anniversary information is not listed, please email the synagogue so we can update our records.
Caring Community Information
Refuah Sh'leimah/Wishing a Speedy Recovery.
Please e-mail Michael Golob or call the synagogue: 248-432-2729 to add a name to our communal mishebeirach list.
Shiva assistance: To assist in providing a shiva meal for BI member families and/or if you are able to lead a shiva minyan, please e-mail the synagogue.
Support B'nai Israel by using the Amazon button to shop today!
B'nai Israel Synagogue is affiliated with USCJ, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. | <urn:uuid:3f1083e6-acbe-4d58-81f7-e71fe9c3106c> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs134/1103699264374/archive/1117991189622.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812959.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220125836-20180220145836-00762.warc.gz | en | 0.908881 | 1,429 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The long-run fiscal outlook for most developed nations is very grim thanks to demographic change and poorly designed entitlement programs.
For all intents and purposes, we’re all destined to become Greece according to long-run projections from the International Monetary Fund, Bank for International Settlements, and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Are there any solutions to this “most predictable crisis“?
Politicians such as Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Bernie Sanders would like us to believe the answer involves never-ending tax increases. But such an approach is a recipe for more debt because the economy will weaken and governments will spend more money (look at what’s been happening in Europe, for instance).
We also can learn lessons from history according to new research from the International Monetary Fund.
The report contains some very interesting economic history and the evolution of government finance, including the Bank of England being created and given a monopoly so the government would have a vehicle for borrowing money (as I observed in my video on central banking).
But it mostly tells the story of how governments and public finance simultaneously evolved.
Although the written record points to instances of public borrowing as long as two thousand years ago, recent scholarship points to 1000-1400 A.D. as when borrowing agreements with states were concluded with regularity and debt contracts entered into by sovereigns were standardized. …The supply of loans from city-states and territorial monarchies was driven by the need to finance military campaigns and secure borders. …From the 16th century, Europe’s political geography coalesced into the nation states recognized at the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. In parallel, many European states evolved from absolutist regimes to more limited government. …Fiscal states thus evolved in response to the efforts of rulers to secure borders, expand territory and survive. After 1650, larger, more centralized states increasingly possessed the fiscal machinery to raise revenue in uniform ways and had a veto player, such as a parliament, to monitor and discipline public expenditure.
There’s also lots of information in the report about how some governments, primarily outside of Europe, began to borrow money.
In many cases, this produced bad results, with defaults and economic crisis. As the authors wrote, “Debasement and restructuring also have a long history.”
But the part of the report that caught my eye was the description of how three advanced nations – the United Kingdom, the United States, and France – successfully dealt with large debt burdens before World War I.
…we describe three notable debt consolidation episodes before World War I: Great Britain after the Napoleonic Wars, the United States in the last third of the 19th century, and France in the decades leading up to 1913. While the colorful debt crises and defaults of the first era of globalization have been much discussed, less attention has been paid to these successful consolidation episodes. We focus on these three cases because they involved three of the largest economies of the period, but also because their debt burdens were among the heaviest. British public debt as a share of GDP was higher in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, for example, than Greek public debt in 2018. But in all three cases, high public debts were successfully reduced relative to GDP.
In each case, war-time spending was the cause of the debt buildup.
The Napoleonic Wars, Franco-Prussian War and U.S. Civil War were the three most expensive conflicts of the 19th century. …debt accounted for the single largest share of wartime financing.
To be sure, there were differences in the three nations.
The reduction in the British debt-GDP ratio was by far the largest and longest: the debt ratio fell from 194 percent in 1822 to 28 percent nine decades later. …The French public-debt-GDP ratio fell from 96 percent in 1896 to 51 percent in 1913… This case ranks second in size but first in pace. U.S. (federal or union) government debt was not as high at the end of the Civil War, and the subsequent consolidation was more leisurely; however, the process is notable for having reduced the debt-GDP ratio to virtually zero by World War I.
When the authors investigated how these nations reduced their debt burdens, they found that limited government was a common answer.
This was true in the United Kingdom.
Britain achieved the impressive feat of maintaining an average primary surplus of 1.6 percent of GDP for nearly a century (the only deficit in Figure 2 is at the time of the Boer War). One of the political legacies of Peel and Gladstone was a fiscal theory or philosophy of “sound finance” emphasizing budget surpluses, low taxes and minimal government expenditure. …demands for spending on welfare relief from the disenfranchised masses were kept in check. In exchange, the self-taxing class of income-tax-paying electors relieved the non-electors from the burden of direct taxation… Budget surpluses then made feasible further reductions in tariffs and taxes, which reduced the cost of living for the working class
It was true in the United States.
In the U.S., primary surpluses were consistently achieved… Southern states opposed an expansive role for the federal government, while entitlements limited to Civil War pensions contained pressure for public spending.
And it was true even in France.
In France, debt reduction was entirely accounted for by primary surpluses. Those surpluses exceeded British levels, reaching 2.5 percent of GDP on average, albeit over a shorter period.
Remember, this was a period when total government spending only consumed about 10 percent of economic output.
The common thread was small government.
…in all three of these large-scale debt consolidations, governments and societies went to great lengths to service and repay heavy debts. …it reflected prevailing conceptions of the limited functions of government, and limited popular pressure for public programs, entitlements and transfers.
What’s equally important is to note what didn’t happen.
…there was no restructuring or renegotiation of official or privately-held debts in these cases. Nor was there financial repression, i.e., measures artificially depressing interest rates. …Governments for their part did little to bottle up savings at home or to otherwise use regulation and legislation to artificially depress yields. …None of these three governments undertook involuntary restructurings despite the inheritance of heavy debt.
Now let’s shift from the past to the future
The authors point out how debt is rising today because of the welfare state rather than war.
The end of the last century also saw, for the first time, a secular increase in public-debt-to-GDP ratios in a variety of countries in conjunction not with wars and crises but in response to popular demands on governments for pensions, health care, and other often unfunded social services.
Given the demographic changes I mentioned at the beginning of the column, this does not bode well.
So what are the likely implications? As the authors note, there are two ways of dealing with high debt levels.
Countries have pursued two broad approaches to debt reduction. The orthodox approach relies on growth, primary surpluses, and the privatization of government assets. In turn this encourages long debt duration and non-resident holdings. Heterodox approaches, in contrast, include restructuring debt contracts, generating inflation, taxing wealth and repressing private finance. | <urn:uuid:5ccebd39-5df5-43b5-abd0-08916ffdd3c9> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://finance.townhall.com/columnists/danieljmitchell/2019/03/07/are-we-all-destined-to-have-a-crisis-like-greece-n2542773 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258120.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525144906-20190525170906-00526.warc.gz | en | 0.957955 | 1,537 | 3.25 | 3 |
Comments: A pest species whose larvae are found on tomato, potato, tobacco, and other solanaceous plants (Hodges, 1971).
This article is unpublished.
Appears under "Habitat"
Some rights reserved
Become part of the EOL community—sign up for the EOL Newsletter today
Become part of the EOL community!
Join EOL now
Already a member?
Visit the Biodiversity Heritage Library | <urn:uuid:a0c18f83-3bc3-4e9f-9dc4-92adc18e91a9> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://eol.org/data_objects/14443071 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535924501.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909013108-00194-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.7007 | 94 | 2.5625 | 3 |
- Word was released in 1983 as Multi-Tool Word for the Xenix system. In 1989, Microsoft changed the name to Microsoft Word and included it in the Microsoft Office suite.
- Microsoft Office Word allows you to spell check, save and print information in a document. You can also rearrange text with the cut and paste feature, highlight words or phrases that need extra emphasis, or change the color of the font.
- Create a document using one of the software's templates to write a letter, create a poster or prepare a presentation. All you need to do is add the information.
- Insert a picture, cartoon or animation from the Clip Art gallery. Pick one of more than a hundred images that come pre-installed with the software.
- You need at least 256 megabytes of RAM and 1.5 GB of free hard drive space to install and run Word 2007 on your computer. | <urn:uuid:aee9da86-a670-44a4-8605-2ee735bcb4ff> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.itags.org/articles_4jttga.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347415315.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601071242-20200601101242-00165.warc.gz | en | 0.875051 | 183 | 3.125 | 3 |
The Greek Vineyard
The Greek vineyard is one of the most ancient and most historic in the world, while, at the same time, it is appropriate for alternative crops (organic, biodynamic etc) and makes use of the most modern wine producing methods. One of its big advantages is its native grape varieties although there are international ones too.
In Greece’s mainly Mediterranean climate, the Greek vineyard stretches over almost the whole country, continental or insular. The element of water, and mainly the sea, benefits it, its geological characteristics vary while its altitude exceeds one kilometer, with the semi-mountainous and mountainous vineyards prevalent in many places. The native grape varieties, the terroirs of the Greek vineyard and their characteristics create the amplitude of the range of Greek wine, determining their diversity and satisfying modern wine lovers. These vineyards are mountainous and semi-mountainous, coastal, continental and volcanic.
In the Greek vineyard mountainous and semi-mountainous vineyards are prevalent, on slopes or in plateaus (entirely or at some parts, in Amynteo, Zitsa, Metsovo, Mantinea, Achaea, Samos, Nemea, Peza, Cephalonia, Rapsani and elsewhere). Most PDO zones of the country are in mountainous and semi-mountainous terroirs. Their altitude benefits Greece’s arid climate, lowering the temperature and assuring there is water and air to cool the vines while intensifying the absorption of solar radiation (on slopes).
In a country like Greece, which is surrounded by sea and has so many islands, the Greek vineyard’s often arid climate is made milder by the sea in coastal areas and relatively coastal vineyards (Thrace, Kavala, Halkidiki, Anchialos, Fthiotida, Patras, Trifilia, Crete and in every wine-producing island of the Aegean and Ionian sea). The sea breeze is important for similar reasons. The element of water of the country’s big lakes benefits viticulture in a similar way (eg in Amynteo, Mesenikolas and elsewhere).
Although the Greek vineyard’s climate is Mediterranean, in the country’s mainlands, far away from the element of water (water effect), some continental climate features meet eg big differences in temperature between day and night (in Attica and elsewhere in Central Greece, in plateaus eg in Mantinea, in parts of Nemea and elsewhere.) There the differences between the wines from harvest to harvest are more intense, something that generally does not characterize the Greek vineyard’s wines.
As for volcanic terroirs, the Greek vineyard has one of the best ones in the world to present, that of Santorini (Thera) which is also one of the most famous active volcanoes in the world. Because of the layers of pumice which were deposited on its ground throughout the centuries, the island’s vineyard has exceptional and at the same time unique viticultural characteristics while it is one of the few anti-phylloxera ones in Europe. In combination with the unique variety Assyrtiko it produces world-class wines, just like the sweet muscat wines of Samos .
Wine regions of Greece
The main Wine regions of Greece are those of Northern and Central Greece, of the Peloponnese and the islands of the Ionian, the Aegean and of Crete. Amongst the wine producing regions of Greece, the vineyard of Northern Greece stretches over the northern part of the country, north of mountain Olympus and extends from East to West, covering Epirus, Macedonia, and Thrace (Rapsani, Zitsa, Metsovo, Naoussa, Goumenissa, Amynteo, Chalkidiki, Drama, Kavala etc) Their relatively mild and quite wet climate is home for international grape varieties, as well as native ones, starring Xinomavro. From a relatively low altitude and even ground, to semi-mountainous or mountainous, the vineyards of Northern Greece often benefit from neighboring waters from lakes or the sea and usually develop with the most modern wine-producing methods. That is also true about most wineries in this wine region of Greece, amongst the most beautiful, functional and often visited of the country.
Amongst the wine regions of Greece, the vineyard of Central Greece is maybe the most diverse as far as soil and climate is concerned. It includes the vineyards of Thessaly (Mesenikolas, Anchialos, Tyrnavos) and of Central Greece (Fthiotida, Viotia, Attica). Here many traditional vineyards but also modern plantations meet, native grape varieties are dominant, with the main being Savvatiano but also with a strong presence of international varieties.
The Peloponnesse is the pioneer of Greek wine production and is mainly one of the semi-mountainous and mountainous wine regions of Greece with diverse soil, vineyards on slopes or plateaus and the cultivation of native and international grape varieties. As far as vineyards are concerned, it is divided into the central and eastern side and the western one. In the first one, which stretches to Monemvasia one can find PDO Nemea, with the variety Agiorgitiko and Mantinia, with the variety Moschofilero. The second, the western one, starts from the north with the Achaean vineyards (Aigio, Patras) which conceivably continue to the northwest, the Ionian Sea and its wine-producing islands (mainly Cephalonia) with almost exclusively native grape varieties. Further south (Ilia) they stretch to the lower end of the Peloponnese (Messinia). The Peloponnese’s climate is usually quite mild and favored by the sea, its breezes and the northerly winds.
Among Greece’s wine regions, the islands of the Aegean have thousands of acres of mainly native grape varieties (including many rare ones) mainly white and the positive effect of the sea being a pioneer in viticulture. In the north (Lemnos, Samos, with the production of world-class sweet wines) muscat grapes are prevalent and more to the south (Cyclades) the white varietals Assyrtiko, Athiri and the red Monemvasia and Mantilaria. In the Cyclades there is also volcanic Santorini island which is unique as far as vineyards and wine production is concerned, which produces world-class wines while, it is worth mentioning Paros as well. Further in the South, in the Dodecanese group of islands, Rhodes is the star as far as vineyards are concerned. On the islands of the Aegean one can often come across terraces, while water is scarce and the winds strong.
Crete retains it’s uniqueness among Greece’s wine regions and the islands of the Aegean and presents a strong potential for growth. Here the native grape varieties Vilana (white), Kotsifali, Liatiko and Mandilaria (red) are prevalent, among many others, while the cultivation of international grape varieties exists and is developing. The vineyards, on plains and mountains, mainly in the Eastern part of the island and mainly in the North (Sitia, Peza, Archanes, Dafnes) are favored by the neighboring sea and it’s breezes, making Crete’s arid climate milder with limited rainfall. | <urn:uuid:14a551ca-3022-40b9-8dfa-6063c1390ebd> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.wineroadsofgreece.com/the-greek-vineyard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578517558.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190418101243-20190418123243-00173.warc.gz | en | 0.937765 | 1,591 | 2.78125 | 3 |
One of the underappreciated facts about the story of Noah's Ark is how difficult it would have been in most of the known world of its authors to obtain wood.
The Hebrew Bible contains building specifications for this boat (holy scriptures are as holy scriptures do) and it calls for a lot of wood: "300 cubits by 50 by 30, approximately 137 by 23 by 14 meters (440 feet long, 73 feet wide, and 43 feet high), with three internal divisions (which are not actually called "decks", although presumably this is what is intended), a door in the side, and a sohar, which may be either a roof or a skylight." (The type of wood is a difficult translation issue with the strongest choice probably being "pitch covered" wood, a form of wood treated with wood resins traditionally used for caulking in wooden sailing vessels).
Consider that just five cedar pillars about three feet in diameter and thirty-six feet high were considered a luxury fit for an Egyptian Pharaoh who could afford to have hundreds of retainers killed with him to aid him in the afterlife in First Dynasty Egypt (in back of napkin rough approximations about 5000 board-feet of two by four planks for the Pharaoh v. something on the order of 300,000 board-feet of two by four planks for the Ark which would require something on the order of 200 very tall, thick and straight mature cedar trees or more inferior trees, i.e. an entire small forest). This is a very expensive purchase for a guy who has quit his job to build a boat and collect animals.
Noah's Ark resembles to a great extent a big version of the Byblos boats attested by the early Egyptian historians, which makes sense, because they were the only peoples in the Mediterranean who made open water worth ships until around the time that the Minoans came along (and they may have stolen the design from the proto-Phoenicians).
The Egyptians had to get wood of the kind called for in those plans from hundreds of miles away in Lebanon. There were no good supplies of wood in Arabia or North Africa or Ethiopia. The Mesopotamians had to turn to the highlands of modern day Turkey and Iran, or to Lebanon, to get decent wood supplies.
The Phoenicians became the premier maritime traders of their day in significant part because they had good supplies of wood in close proximity to a navigable coast, something that no one else in the Levant or Mesopotamia or Egypt or Libya had available to them. Greece and Anatolia were better, but some of their best wood supplies were far from coastal areas and lots of trees in that reason were pretty scraggly.
This lends credence to the notion that the Noah's Ark element of the deluge story in the Hebrew Bible may have had a uniquely Lebanese, and hence, originally Semitic and proto-Phoenician origin, rather than being purely borrowed from the Mesopotamians without modification, although historic deluges there are far more scarce and probably never happened. | <urn:uuid:a13b07ce-d712-4d41-807f-3634672d1e34> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://dispatchesfromturtleisland.blogspot.com/2013/03/buying-ark.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030336674.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001132802-20221001162802-00182.warc.gz | en | 0.979903 | 629 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Q. Please, can you tell me whether Jesus was born in September or December? It is very important to me.
A. Here’s a reply from Father Reginald Martin:
Easter has always been the principal feast on the Christian calendar. Christmas was not commonly observed until the fourth century, when Constantine established Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. At that time, the ancients celebrated a festival, named “Birthday of the Unconquered Sun,” to herald the lengthening of days after the winter solstice. The celebration ended around Dec. 25, therefore, many believe Christians simply “took over” the feast and substituted Jesus in their celebrations.
A better case can be made for Jesus’ December birth by consulting Luke’s Gospel, where we learn John the Baptist’s father was chosen by lot “to enter the temple … and burn incense” (Lk 1:9, RSV). Israel had a plethora of priests, so the actual temple service may have occurred only once in a priest’s lifetime. Because an angel appeared to Zechariah during his service, some scholars feel this all-important event may have taken place on the Day of Atonement, which fell then (as now) in late September.
When Gabriel appears to Mary, he says, “Your kinswoman Elizabeth . . . has also conceived … and this is the sixth month with her” (Lk 1:36, RSV), which means it was about March. Mary spends “about three months” with Elizabeth, so this places John the Baptist’s birth late in June, and Jesus’ in December. | <urn:uuid:dd1dcfd9-4e5d-44ff-996b-646a184bfdbd> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | https://www.osv.com/MyFaith/ChurchSeasonsandFeasts/Advent/Article/TabId/826/ArtMID/13771/ArticleID/13765/Birth-Date-of-Jesus.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049270798.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002110-00192-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968029 | 356 | 3.1875 | 3 |
NASA’s continued mission to explore our planetary system and beyond gotten an increase of brand-new details today with three secret missions showing not just that they are operating, however that their science capacity is remarkable. OnSept 17, 2018, TESS– the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite– shared its very first science observations. Later in the week, the most recent 2 missions to sign up with NASA’s heliophysics fleet returned initially light data: Parker Solar Probe, mankind’s very first objective to “touch” the Sun, and GOLD, an objective that studies the vibrant limit in between Earth andspace
Part of the data from TESS’s preliminary science orbit consists of a comprehensive photo of the southern sky taken with all 4 of the planet-hunter’s wide-field cams. The image catches a wealth of stars and other items, consisting of systems formerly understood to have exoplanets, worlds beyond our planetary system. TESS will invest the next 2 years keeping track of the closest, brightest stars for regular dips in their brightness, called transits. Such transits recommend a world might be passing in front of its moms and dad star. TESS is anticipated to discover countless brand-new worlds utilizing this technique.
Together, the 2 other missions represent 2 essential observation points in the huge system of space– controlled by particles and magnetic energy from the Sun– studied by the field of heliophysics. Parker Solar Probe will assist us comprehend how the Sun’s environment drives particles out into space; GOLD displays modifications in the space near to Earth, much of them driven by ever-changing solar activity. The 2 perspectives support heliophysics’ concentrate on our star and how it affects the really nature of space– and, in turn, the environments of worlds and humantechnology
In early September, each of Parker Solar Probe’s 4 instrument suites powered on and returned their very first observations on the spacecraft’s journey to theSun While the data are not yet examples of the secret science observations the spacecraft will take closer to the Sun, they reveal that each of the instruments is working well.
The instruments operate in tandem to determine the Sun’s electrical and electromagnetic fields, and particles from the Sun and solar wind. They likewise catch pictures of the solar wind environment around the spacecraft. The objective’s very first close technique to the Sun will remain in early November 2018, however even now, still outside the orbit of Venus, the instruments suggest they’re all set to collect measurements of exactly what’s taking place in the solar wind.
“All instruments returned data that not only serves for calibration, but also captures glimpses of what we expect them to measure near the Sun to solve the mysteries of the solar atmosphere, the corona,” stated Nour Raouafi, Parker Solar Probe task researcher at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab in Laurel, Maryland.
WISPR, the objective’s only onboard imager, recorded the very first pictures from its journey to the Sun onSept 9,2018 Similarly, the FIELDS instrument suite supplied the very first electromagnetic field observations as well as recorded a burst of radio waves, signatures of a solar flare. One of the SWEAP instruments tested its very first gust of solar wind, and the IS?IS instrument– noticable “ee-sis” and consisting of the sign for the Sun in its acronym– effectively determined the energetic particle environment.
GOLD’s very first light carefully followed Parker SolarProbe’s OnSept 11, the GOLD– brief for Global- scale Observations of the Limb and Disk– instrument powered on and opened its cover to scan Earth for the very first time, returning a full-disk picture of the Western Hemisphere in ultraviolet. In this wavelength of light, which is unnoticeable to the human eye, GOLD allows scientists to see global-scale temperature level and structure at the vibrant area where Earth’s upper environment fulfillsspace
GOLD commissioning startedSept 4 and will go through early October, as the group continues to prepare the instrument for its organized two-year science objective.
“The GOLD mission is a game-changer, providing never-before-seen footage of upper atmospheric weather similar to the very first terrestrial weather satellites,” stated Sarah Jones, GOLD objective researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,Maryland “These global-scale pictures of the boundary between Earth and space will allow scientists to start teasing out the effects coming from the Sun versus those coming from Earth’s weather below.”
Withmissions both far and wide, like bookends in the huge stretch of space in between the Sun and Earth, scientists aspire to fill understanding spaces in our understanding of the complex relationship in between solar activity and conditions atEarth
Historically tough to observe, the area GOLD research studies is little-understood and can go through significant modification in as low as an hour. GOLD– which inhabits geostationary orbit, hovering 22,000 miles over the Western Hemisphere– will offer hour-by-hour updates on the ever-changing conditions in near-Earthspace, called space weather condition. Shifts in space weather condition can garble space- taking a trip interactions signals, disrupt electronic devices onboard satellites, threaten astronauts and at their most serious, interfere with power grids.
Meanwhile,Parker Solar Probe will take a trip into the scorching corona, closer to the Sun than any spacecraft prior to it. The objective looks for to address basic concerns about the Sun– concerns that lie at the root of comprehending how solar activity shapes space weather condition throughout the planetary system.
TESS is a NASA Astrophysics Explorer objective led and run by MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and handled byGoddard Dr. George Ricker of MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research acts as primary detective for the objective. Additional partners consist of Northrop Grumman, based in Falls Church, Virginia; NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley; the Harvard-SmithsonianCenter for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts; MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts; and the Space Telescope Science Institute inBaltimore More than a lots universities, research study institutes and observatories worldwide are individuals in the objective.
ParkerSolar Probe becomes part of NASA’s Living with a Star Program, or LWS, to check out elements of the Sun-Earth system that straight impact life and society. LWS is handled by Goddard for the Heliophysics Division of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate inWashington Johns Hopkins APL handles the Parker Solar Probe objective forNASA APL created, developed and runs the spacecraft.
GOLD is a NASA objective of chance as part of the heliophysics ExplorerProgram Goddard handles the Explorer Program for the Heliophysics Division of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate inWashington It is created to offer regular, affordable access to space utilizing primary investigator-led space science examinations pertinent to the firm’s astrophysics and heliophysics programs. GOLD is led by the University of CentralFlorida The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder developed and runs the instrument. The GOLD instrument is hosted on an industrial interactions satellite, SES-14, developed by Airbus for Luxembourg- based satellite operator, SES. . | <urn:uuid:5249b8af-d88c-4c92-b8af-0d2ebaf99a95> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.livescience.tech/2018/09/22/three-nasa-missions-return-first-light-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143815.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20200218210853-20200219000853-00388.warc.gz | en | 0.901742 | 1,537 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Use Crayola® crayons, colored pencils, or markers to color the flag of Micronesia. Color the background sky blue, and color (or leave) the stars white. Did you know?
The Federated States of Micronesia is an island group located in the northern Pacific Ocean. Micronesia receives heavy rainfalls each year. Each island is different. Some are covered with mountains, some are coral reefs, and others have volcanoes. There are over 600 islands and 40 volcanoes in Micronesia.
STATS ON THIS COLORING PAGE | <urn:uuid:c8372cbc-b188-42f8-b0a5-a56458fb5c64> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.crayola.com/free-coloring-pages/print/micronesia-coloring-page/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171900.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00562-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917997 | 119 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Dozens of kids mill around a sprawling field of grass, on a warm, fall day in Biloxi, Mississippi. They stare up at a man in his sixties, who is dressed in 19th-century clothing. There’s a table heaped with relics from the Civil War — satchels, binoculars, saddles, guns. And other adults, dressed in Civil War costumes, show the kids how to load a musket. One yells “Fire in the hole!” and a massive boom rings out.
There’s more musket fire to come.
The main event this weekend will be a mock Civil War battle, part of the annual Fall Muster.
But the real fireworks come in the words the kids hear from the reenactors, who talk about old times that are definitely not forgotten — but not accurately remembered. “You see, a Civil War is when one bunch of folks tries to overthrow the government, the sitting government,” says one reenactor, J.W. Binion. “We weren’t doing that.”
The kids here are on a school field trip. And they mainly look confused. Like they know something isn’t quite right here. You can especially see that in the faces of some of the African American students when a Confederate flag is unfurled and held up above them. “We wanted to establish our own country,” Binion continued. “We didn’t care that the North carried on and kept going the way they were going. That was fine with us, just leave us alone, let us build our own country.”
This alternative version of history is coming from a man dressed like Jefferson Davis — who was president of the Confederacy. This place is Davis’ former home, a vast estate called Beauvoir, one of the grandest Confederate historical sites in the South. Today, it has become a monument to everything he stood for.
In debates over Confederate sites like Beauvoir and memorials like the statue of Confederate commander Robert E. Lee in Charlottesville, site of the deadly Unite the Right rally in 2017, you’ll hear people defend them by saying they’re part of our heritage, part of our history.
But how is that history being told? And more importantly, who’s paying to keep it alive? We investigate these questions in this episode of Reveal. For more on this project, explore “The Costs of the Confederacy,” our partnership with Smithsonian Magazine.
Research assistance from Jasper Craven, Erin Hollaway Palmer, Richard Salame of The Investigative Fund, now known as Type Investigations. | <urn:uuid:b79e1e8f-75f7-4ed8-b1cc-2757a6779b14> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.typeinvestigations.org/investigation/2018/12/08/monumental-lies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104683683.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707033101-20220707063101-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.955763 | 559 | 2.828125 | 3 |
By Diane Forrest, RN
Years ago if you heard of someone having a brain tumor it was like receiving a death sentence. Medical research has grown so much since then. Cures and treatments have progress so that it is no longer considered a fatal diagnosis for some. There is still so much to do though. Each year over 190,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with a brain tumor. Brain tumors are a leading cause of tumor cancer deaths in children. Brain tumors are also the third main cause of cancer death in adults within the 20-39 age brackets.
Brain tumors are either primary or metastatic tumors. Primary brain tumors are those which originate in the brain. Metastatic brain tumors are those which originate from cancerous cells that have migrated from other areas of the body. Metastatic brain tumors are also known as secondary brain tumors. Not all brain tumors are cancerous – benign brain tumors are non-cancerous tissue and are harmful only when they grow to a size which affects adjacent areas of the brain. Benign brain tumors tend to grow more slowly than malignant (cancerous) brain tumors.
Early warning signs include:
- fatigue, tiredness and drowsiness;
- impaired speech;
- difficulties when swallowing;
- in infants, an increase in head size;
- impaired vision;
- poor body coordination;
- behavioral and mood changes;
- weakness in a limb or on one side of the body;
- difficulties with balance; and or
- tingling sensations and/or weakness in the arms or legs.
With over 120 different forms of brain tumor, effectively treating them can become very complicated. Proton treatment for a brain tumor is a precise method of using proton therapy to deliver powerful doses of radiation to the tumor. The precision this delivery of treatment brings means there is minimal effect of the surrounding healthy brain tissue.
Dosage of radiation can be tailored to each tumor. Other treatments include surgical removal, chemotherapy, radio therapy or a combination of these methods.
This week is Brain Tumor Action Week. To see what things you can do, click here: http://www.braintumor.org/get-involved/advocacy-public-policy/action-week.html | <urn:uuid:a73bc9b2-d680-4e27-b562-8ad8d0b5ac92> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://kisbyto.blogspot.com/2012/05/brain-tumor-action-week.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889736.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120221621-20180121001621-00253.warc.gz | en | 0.931373 | 464 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Utah, a western US state, borders Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and Arizona. Three geographic regions make up the state: the Great Basin, the Colorado Plateau, the Mojave Desert, and the Rocky Mountains. These regions consist of green forests and dry deserts. Because of its natural diversity, many areas in the state have been protected under the National Park Service, those national parks in Utah are discussed below.
5. Zion National Park
Zion National Park spreads out over 229 square miles and is filled with rivers, mountains, canyons, mesas, and desert. Perhaps the most famous of these landmarks is 15-mile long Zion Canyon. This park is home to many different animals due to its distinct habitats, these include 75 mammal species, 32 reptile species, and 289 bird species. Visitors can enjoy hiking, camping, rafting, climbing, and horseback riding. This park has been well-preserved although, a relatively nearby electric power plant does threaten its air quality and neighbor communities have been increasing development recently.
4. Capitol Reef National Park
Capitol Reef National Park, a prominent Utah national park, protects a vast amount of desert land and lies in south-central Utah. The Fremont River runs through this park, cutting out deep gorges and winding through canyons with white-domed cliffs. Visitors here have the option to camp, hike, or go horseback riding. Another unique activity is picking fruit from the still-standing orchards of early Mormon settlers. Researchers have recorded around 71 mammal species, 239 bird species, 15 reptile species, and 5 amphibian species here. Utah is currently experiencing an air pollution problem that threatens the conservation of all its parks. Most of this pollution comes from coal-powered power plants in the region.
3. Canyonlands National Park
Like Capitol Reef, the Canyonlands National Park is filled with canyons, mesas, rivers, and desert. Black bear, fox, bobcat, bald eagle, and sharp-shinned hawk all live within park boundaries. Visitation is typically high every year; activities like mountain biking and all-terrain vehicles are permitted here. This national park in Utah encompasses a large water source that supplies over 30 million people. Oil drilling and tar sands strip mining located just outside of the park border is causing damage to the surroundings by significantly changing the face of the landscape.
2. Bryce Canyon National Park
Bryce Canyon National Park is filled with natural amphitheaters that were formed by hoodoos, tall columns of rock. Some of the highest elevations here reach between 8,000 and 9,000 feet above sea level. While much of the land seems barren and arid, the park does have extensive forests as well. In fact, 400 plant species thrive here including pinyon pine, juniper, and ponderosa pine. Common animals include black bears, porcupines, and mule deer; endangered species include the Utah prairie dog, California condor, and southwestern willow flycatcher. Visitors to the park can take a sightseeing driving tour, hike, ski, and thanks to its distance from developed cities, stargaze at night. Environmental concerns for the area include erosion, air pollution, and nearby development.
1. Arches National Park
Arches National Park, as its name suggests, is filled with more than 2,000 sandstone arches. The climate is arid with hot summers and chilly winters. This Utah national park provides shelter to a wide variety of plant and animal life include antelope squirrels, cougars, desert bighorn sheep, yucca, prickly pear cactus, and Indian ricegrass. Visitors can participate in several outdoor recreation activities although climbing the named arches is prohibited. As with all the parks in Utah, air pollution is beginning to damage this environment as well. Overcrowding of visitors is an additional environmental threat here that will have serious consequences on the park’s natural resources. | <urn:uuid:921a6e8a-d2c6-49d7-be53-82a8cc24cdb4> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/national-parks-in-utah.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583897417.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123044447-20190123070447-00212.warc.gz | en | 0.9442 | 815 | 3.265625 | 3 |
As it turns out, condoms have been around for a very long time. The Egyptians led the way in using linen sheaths as protection as far back as 1,000 BC. Here’s a short history of condoms, or what every SASsy girl affectionately calls the Love Glove, provided by the Condom King.
Condoms use can be traced back several thousand years. Images from about 1000 BC portray the acient Egyptians wearing a linen sheath. It’s up for discussion as to whether they wore it for protection or for ritual reasons.
100 – 200 AD
The earliest evidence of condom use in Europe comes from scenes in cave paintings at Combarelles in France.
In Italy, research by Gabrielle Fallopius found the linen sheath useful for prevention of infection, and later its usefulness for the prevention of pregnancy was recognized.
How did condoms get their name? Some believe it was named for “Dr. Condoms,” who supplied King Charles II of England with animal tissue sheaths. Others believe the name came from a “Dr. Condon” or “ Colonel Cundum.” It likely came from the Latin word “condom,” which means “receptacle.”
Goodyear and Hancock began to mass-produce condoms made out of vulcanized rubber, which is a stronger and more elastic material.
The first advertisement for condoms was published in an American newspaper when The New York Times printed an ad for “Dr. Power’s French Preventatives.”
The first latex condom was produced, although it was to be the 1930s before these were in widespread use.
Social hygienists fought to prohibit the use of condoms by Americans, resulting in U.S troops in World War I having the highest rate of STDs – over 70%. By World War II, a more realistic attitude had emerged and the government aggressively promoted the use of condoms.
The sexual revolution of the ‘60s resulted in a decline in condom use as more and more youth practiced free love – without condom usage.
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was identified, and the Surgeon General stated that other than abstinence, the most effective way to protect against HIV is to use a latex condom each and every time you have sex.
1990s – 2006s
The 1990s saw the introduction of large number of different types of condoms, including colors, ribbed, studded, flavors, baggy – shaped and large, as well as the first polyurethane condom. | <urn:uuid:09ded1c9-f1c1-4a2b-a152-70ce57b5f291> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://sexandsensibilities.com/2010/04/19/history-of-the-condom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738660181.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173740-00293-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96785 | 534 | 3.109375 | 3 |
To aid in understanding the year 2017, I read Frederick Lewis Allen’s history of the 1920s, Only Yesterday, which was published in 1931 and has been justifiably acclaimed (and remained in print) ever since. Allen’s book leaves the reader with the impression that the post-war 1920s is the original source of almost every fact and phenomena of contemporary America. For instance, today when we are literally submerged in and, indeed, governed by technology, it is useful to understand a time when mass technology first became “mass.” But, herewith a few mini-summaries about the book’s treatment of some social and moral developments.
The 1920s saw a “revolution in manners and morals,” according to Allen. He cited five causes. First, the disruption and “disillusion” of the first world war with its introduction of Americans to internationalism called into question traditional American habits and ways of thinking.
Secondly, the 1920s was the time when literally every change in the role of women began and became permanent. But then, unlike today, there was open controversy about it. The changes in women’s hemlines were openly debated, for example. The introduction of electric appliances into the home reduced the need for women to be at home, with a consequent increase in the kinds of employment they entered into.
Third, mass media really began in the 1920’s, and the movies and magazines portrayed sexual themes regularly.
Fourth, sexual behavior itself changed, and contraception was introduced.
Fifth, the most significant development in the sexual revolution of the 1920’s was widespread ownership of the automobile which permanently changed the sexual habits of single men and women, led to the invention of the concept of “dating” by which single men and women could get off by themselves, and consequently caused the Lynds in their best-selling book Middletown to label the automobile a “house of prostitution on wheels.” The divorce rate doubled between 1910 and 1928, and it was in the 1920’s that no-fault (mutual consent) divorce was brought up for the first time.
The disruption of traditional and conventional customs, manners, and morals left people adrift and struggling to articulate a new code of conduct. In his most famous work, A Preface to Morals, written at the end of the decade, Walter Lippman said that the old religious morality was not relevant to modern society, but, as a substitute, he strenuously advocated a rational humanism, which included a necessary self-restraint and “asceticism,” based on the wisdom of great authors. Others, however, had no such hesitations and worries, and they argued for the standard which is still dominant to this very day, as stated by Allen: “It doesn’t matter much what you do so long as you’re honest about it.”
Allen was an observer of what we live with today: the decline of religion. Church attendance held steady, religion was much discussed, and there were many books about religion. But Allen reports that “something spiritual had gone out of the churches,” and quotes Walter Lippman who said that people had become uncertain whether they would meet God in church. “The loss of spiritual dynamic,” according to Allen, could be attributed to “the strain of the war,” general prosperity, the growth of Sunday alternatives like golf and automobile touring, the alliance of some religious leaders with the Klan, and the disapproval by part of the public of the involvement in politics by some religious leaders
However, Allen says that the main factor was “the effect on the churches of scientific doctrines and scientific methods of thought.” First was the daily experience of everyone with the new products of science, like the radio and electric home appliances, which led people to think “that science could accomplish almost everything.” Second was the wider dissemination of the theory of evolution to the masses. Third was the influence of Freudianism and psychology which became the accepted wisdom of the educated. And which taught that sex was the “central and pervasive force which moved mankind” and which held itself out as a solution to social problems like waywardness and crime.
As for the Scopes trial of 1925, Allen emphasizes that it was a full-blown national event that was reported on daily over the telegraph system to the whole country by a large cohort of journalists in attendance and was also broadcast by a Chicago radio station. The overall effect was not merely the victory of evolution but the defeat of Christianity and the humiliation of Christianity’s political spokesman of forty years, William Jennings Bryan. The Scopes trial was one of the new kind of media events made possible by mass technology. Lindbergh’s flight was another. Likewise, the glorification of sports heroes was also a product of the rise of national media.
If you value the news and views Catholic World Report provides, please consider donating to support our efforts. Your contribution will help us continue to make CWR available to all readers worldwide for free, without a subscription. Thank you for your generosity! | <urn:uuid:14ae18b5-04aa-41ea-84d3-76e3ed65a24f> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2018/01/02/only-yesterday-today-and-the-decline-of-religion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655902496.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200710015901-20200710045901-00246.warc.gz | en | 0.979299 | 1,072 | 3.0625 | 3 |
By Simon Moore & Simon Hoyte
In the wake of Blue Planet II you might be wondering what you can do to have a positive impact on our oceans. How can you help sustain those jumping fish taking birds out of the sky, stop the oceans from rising or the corals from bleaching, and ensure turtles don’t go extinct on our watch?
If you haven’t been watching (where’ve you been?), David Attenborough has just showcased the incredible life inhabiting our oceans in seven glorious episodes, but under the surface of each story humans are causing damage to the great blue.
It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the scale of the problems we face with our oceans (and in nature more generally), after all, they’re massive and individual actions feel like just a drop in the ocean. And there’s always plenty more fish in the sea, right? Well, no, not at the rate we’re going.
But there is plenty of reason to have hope – people all across the world are fighting to protect the natural world. And every single person can make an enormous difference, as long as each of us ensures we are part of the solution and not part of the problem.
Here are five easy things you can do to make a positive difference to help sustain our Blue Planet:
- Use less plastic! Refuse plastic as much as possible, and avoid plastic straws, microbeads, disposable plastic bottles and plastic-wrapped vegetables
- Know your seafood! Ensure your food is sourced sustainably through Marine Stewardship Council certification, and buy food locally where you can see exactly how it’s produced
- Fight climate change! One of the easiest ways to do this is to eat less meat and animal products, but also walk more, use public transport, fly less, improve your household energy efficiency and switch to a renewable energy supplier
- Support good conservation charities! Join and donate to campaigns by organisations such as SeaShepherd, Greenpeace and Fauna & Flora International, who devote their lives to defending the seas and the wider natural world
- Vote and get active! Vote for people who share your concern for the environment, tell your MP what you care about, join communities of likeminded individuals and try to promote conservation issues however and wherever you can
This article also appears on Simon Hoyte’s blog Hunt and Gather
A video version of this article appears on Matthew Shribman’s Science in the Bath
Photo by JuliasTravels
Every two years experts from the wildlife and nature documentary industry come together in Bristol for Wildscreen Festival – a chance to share ideas, collaborate, and view each other’s work. I was invited along for BlueSci Magazine and reported on the festival, which you can check out on the BlueSci website. In particular I evaluate the two different broad aims apparent in wildlife films: pure entertainment vs. environmental activism.
Hope you enjoy the read:
Last week I had the privilege to attend a Discovery Channel film screening at the London Zoo (thanks John Cousins). The main event: Racing Extinction, a documentary about the illegal trade in endangered wildlife, and the mass extinction that humans are driving at this very moment. Wondering if it matters if species are going extinct? Read this.
The director’s last documentary, The Cove, won an Oscar and opened people’s eyes to the slaughter of dolphins that goes on in Japan. This new piece is similarly harrowing – investigative journalism with a very important message. It’s a must-see if you’re at all concerned about the fate of life on this planet.
You can see Racing Extinction on Wednesday 2nd December at 9pm, your local time, on the Discovery Channel.
Watched a documentary today called The Unbelievers which follows Richard Dawkins and Lawrence Krauss as they tour the world speaking about science and religion. They are trying their best to promote the open discussion (and abandonment) of religion, instead of it being protected as a taboo subject we are just expected to accept and live with. Why should all other aspects of society and culture be open to criticism and scrutiny while religion gets a free pass?
This film simply promotes the rather sensible idea that reason and evidence should guide our beliefs, rather than just old, fictitious stories, taken on faith. By using the scientific method we can hone in on the truth and discover the incredible wonders of the universe, and of our own lives. Science is willing and able to change as new discoveries are made; it doesn’t hold a position and refuse to budge out of fear and blindness. We may not yet have answered all of life’s questions convincingly but that doesn’t mean we need to cop out and cry miracle!
Later this month the UN will discuss the possibility of autonomous killing machines at a convention on weaponry in Geneva. They are essentially talking about Terminators or drones from the Iron Man films (pictured), that is killer robots that don’t require human involvement or decision making. We could be in serious trouble if Google (AKA Skynet?) decide to get involved, or maybe they already are?
Isn’t it crazy to think that we’re considering developing and building robots designed to, quite literally, kill ourselves. Surely it would only be a matter of time before they got into the wrong hands or experienced a life-destroying software malfunction. It’s hard to know how advanced technology has become in the most secretive and well-funded laboratories around the world, namely those involved in military projects. We can be reasonably sure these technologies do not yet exist, but equally sure they are close to being a possibility, if not a reality. The weapons experts talking in Geneva are therefore attempting to pre-empt killer robot manufacturers and impose a ban that will ensure the safety of us all. | <urn:uuid:dc3fada9-0a6c-460a-a80e-3c653bd33d0c> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://simonthescientist.com/category/movies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027330962.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20190826022215-20190826044215-00170.warc.gz | en | 0.93647 | 1,213 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Tighten tanning bed restrictions
This month the U.S. surgeon general’s office issued its first ever call to action against skin cancer, which is striking young people at an alarming rate.
Melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, is now the fourth most common cancer among people age 15-19. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and indoor tanning devices is the primary cause.
Here in Iowa, our long winters drive teens to tan for a variety of reasons — homecoming, prom, spring break — without much thought about the dangers. Use of an indoor tanning device before the age of 35 increases the risk of melanoma by 59 percent. The risk is even higher when used before age 25. These are facts tanning salons don’t publicize with their deep discount packages and teen-friendly timing.
Lawmakers have an important role to play in protecting youth from the harmful effects and intentional manipulation of the tanning industry. Earlier this year, the FDA took the major step of requiring manufacturers to display labels that warn against the use of tanning devices by those under 18. Iowa lawmakers should go further and strengthen that warning to a restriction prohibiting all minors from using tanning devices.
The rate of indoor tanning use increases drastically as high school girls grow older, from about 12 percent among 9th graders to nearly 32 percent among high school seniors.
The misguided quest for an “attractive glow” is coming at the expense of teenage girls’ long-term health. Parents not only need to be aware of these trends and risks, but they also need the support and full force of state law to make sure their teens steer clear of the preventable, but serious consequences of tanning bed exposure. Nine states, including Minnesota, have passed laws restricting tanning bed use to adults over 18 and many more are considering similar measures.
A study published earlier this year in the American Journal of Public Health found high school girls are less likely to use indoor tanning beds if they live in states with laws restricting indoor tanning use.
As the Surgeon General noted, a comprehensive approach is needed to keep the 5 million people treated for skin cancer every year out of the doctor’s office. With this important national focus on skin cancer prevention there has never been a better time for state lawmakers to act.
• Jen Schulte is Iowa Government Relations Director for the American Cancer Society cancer Action Network. Comments: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:82bee259-e5c6-43c5-92ea-fd7eb7545b8e> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.thegazette.com/subject/opinion/guest-columnists/tighten-tanning-bed-restrictions-20140807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806353.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121113222-20171121133222-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.933639 | 517 | 2.90625 | 3 |
OF THE FAMILY OF COMBERBACH
The family of Comberbach is traditionally derived from three brothers, who are said to have come over to England with William the Conqueror. Their christian names were Robert, Roger, and John, and if the frequent occurrence of these names at the present day afford any ground for belief in the story, we may not be disinclined to accept it in lieu of more certain information. The Comberbachs seem to have assumed their name from the township of Comberbach, in the parish of Great Budworth, in Cheshire, where they were settled as early as the reign of Richard the First. The first notice of any of them that I have been able to find is given by Dr Ormerod, in his history of Cheshire, under that township, and is as follows:-
Roger, constable of Cheshire and baron of Halton, about the reign of Richard the First [1183-1199], granted Deo et Beatae Mariae, et fratribus servientibus beatis pauperibus Sancti Hospitalis de Jerusalem, totam medietatem de Comberbach ; illam scilicèt quam Willielmus de Comberbach de me tenuit : unà cùm salina in Northwich quae pertinet ad Astonam juxta Budworth-in puram et perpetuam elemosynam-Et si Ricardus Fitton, vel heredes suos recuperaverit, ego et heredes mei predictam donationem praedictis hospitalariis warrantizabimus; et Willielmo Comberbach et hereditibus suis tenendum de praedicto hospitalariis in feodo et hareditate : reddendo eiis annuatim sexdenarios pro omnibus quae ad domum et ad fratres ejusdem domus pertinent. Hiis testibus, etc.-Johane de Comberbach, Henrico fratre suo, etc.- John, son of Henry de Comberbach, gave to Adam, son of William de Litley, in Aston juxta Budworth, all his lands in Comberbach,- unà cùm reversione dotis Elenae matris praedicti Johannis et piscariâ suâ in lacu de Budworth, etc. Entailing these lands, first on the said Adam, and the heirs of his body ; and in default of such, the on Robert, brother of the said Adam. Dated at Comberbach, 1 August, 1335 (9 Edward III).
Roger, constable of Cheshire and baron of Halton, about the reign of Richard the First [1183-1199], granted to God and the Blessed Mary, and to the brothers serving with the blessed paupers of the Holy Hospital of Jerusalem, all the moiety of Comberbeche; that is to say, which William de Comberbeche held of me [etc], together with the salt-works in Northwich [Norwich] which belonged to Aston near Budworth, in pure and perpetual alms. And if Richard Fittun, or his heirs, should recover [i.e. recover seisin of] the aforesaid fee upon me or upon my heirs, I and my heirs will warrant the aforesaid gift to the aforesaid hospital, and to William Comberbeche and his heirs, to hold of the aforesaid Hospitallers in fee and heredity, yielding annually to them six pence for all the things which appertain to the house and to the brothers of the same house. These being witnesses, John de Combirbech, Henry his brother, etc. John the son of Henry [the son of Hugh] de Comberbeche have granted to Adam the son of William de Litley [Little Leigh], in Aston near Budworth, all his lands in Comberbach,- together with the reversion of the dower of Ellen, mother of the aforesaid John, and its fishery in the lake of Budworth etc. Entailing these lands, first on the said Adam, and the heirs of his body; and in default of such, the on Robert, brother of the said Adam. Dated at Comberbach, 1 August, 1335 (9 Edward III).]
They seem to have been principally located in Cheshire until quite modern times, and I shall presently show that the name was by no means uncommon in that county till nearly the present day . Like most of our old English surnames, it has undergone various changes of spelling, thus it is written, Comberbach, the most ancient form, Cumberbach, Cumberbatch, and Comberbatch, and I do not doubt but that Comberbirch, Cumperpatch* (* Bristol Directory), Comberback, Comberbage † († Lieut. John Comberbage, Ormerod, vol. i., p.41), Cumberbeg, and even Cumberlege, together with many more, are only varieties which have crept in at different times, and through individual differences in pronunciation.
Whatever may have been the origin of the Comberbachs, and although they have never risen to any eminence, or bean entered in those valuable records the Heralds Visitations, they have long laid claim to rank among our armigerous families, though they have not succeeded in proving their right to arms. Alas for their claims to such distinctions, one Roger Comberbach, of Nantwich, was among those who disclaimed arms at Sir William Dugdale's Visitation of Cheshire, in 1663. And that this circumstance has not been overlooked by modern heralds, I notice as a significant fact that when the representative of the Nantwich branch assumed the name of Swetenham on inheriting the ancient possessions of that family at Somerford Booths, he did not assume their arms, nor were any entered in the books of record at the College of Arms, as pertaining to him, as representative of the family of Comberbach. I am, however, of opinion that their claim to arms is not without foundation; but it is curious that in each instance in which they are used some slight discrepancy in the mode of blazoning occurs. Thus, Burke in his General Armory, under Swetenham, describes them, Barry of six ermine amid sable, on a canton azure a fleur-de-lis or. On the monument of Helen, widow of Roger Comberbach, in St. Michael's Church, Chester, they are blazoned, Ermine, three bars azure, on a canton of the last a fleur-de-lis argent [impaling azure 3 bars, argent]. On a board, * (*This has been removed during the recent so-called restoration of that church) upon which are depicted the arms of different mayors of Chester, in St. John's Church in that city, I found, Barry of six ermine and azure, on a canton gules a fleur-de-lis or, for James Comberbach, mayor in 1727. And on the monument of Henry Bennet, in St. Peter's Church, Chester, Bennet, impaling, Barry of six ermine and azure, on a canton argent a fleur-de-lis gules, being the arms of Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of John Comberbach, of Nantwich. All these persons were nearly connected. John Comberbach, of Haughton, 1779, bore on his seal, an impression of which is in my possession, Azure, two bars ermine, on a canton argent a fleur-de-lis. The crest is, A cubit arm erect, vested and cuffed, holding a fleur-de-lis. Here I should remark that one of my reasons for considering the names Comberbach and Cumberlege identical is the similarity of the arms. John Cumberlege, was a subscriber to Plot's Natural history of Staffordshire, and his arms figure on the folding title to that work, viz. Barry of six ermine and sable, on a canton or a fleur-de-lis gules. The Rev. S. F. Cumberlege, who claims to be of the same family, now bears this coat, and for his crest, a fleur-dc-his between two feathers, with a motto, Vouloir ce que Dieu veut.
The traditional account of the origin of the canton and crest, for I have no better evidence to offer, is, that they were given as an augmentation to one of the family who took a standard from the French at some great battle of the Middle Ages. If the canton be azure, and the flour-dc-us or, there may be some foundation of truth in the story. Be this as it may, let us not though we do well to be cautious in listening to the voice of the charmer, tradition.-altogether reject it when it argues on the side of possibility.
The pedigrees of the Comberbachs of Nantwich, Haughton, and Barbadoes, as far as I have been able to trace them, will be found at subsequent pages. Here are only put down such detached notes and references as I have collected concerning various branches of the family of which it is impossible to give any continuous pedigree. From 1335 all trace of the name is lost for nearly 200 years.
On the 24th April, 1521, Sir Richard Comberbach, “our ladies priest and overseer of the works,” was one of those who desired a contribution towards the building of the tower of the parish church of Lymm. (Topographer and Genealogist, vol. i., p. 385.)
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries a numerous family of this name existed in Congleton and the neighbourhood. From it the Nantwich branch may have sprung. The obscurity however of their position in social life renders it difficult, if not impossible, to form a connected pedigree, one must therefore be content with placing on record such scattered notes as a few wills and parish registers afford.
Congleton is situate in the parish of Astbury, in the registers of which place occur numerous entries relative to persons of the name; they commence as early as 1593. They will be found at page 49 [Appendix], being too long for insertion here. The first notice I find of a Comberbach of Congleton, is in Harleian MS. 2115, ff. 120c, and 133b, where occur, “Ed. Comberbach,” and “Ranus Comberbach de Congleton. 35 Henry VIII.” . One Thomas Comberbach was mayor of Congleton in 1576; see Yates’ History of that place, page 67. John Comberbatche, of Odd Rode, near Congleton, yeoman, in his will bearing date 10th Jany, 1626, directs his body to be buried in the church yard of Astbury. He mentions therein his sons Raffe, John, and Richard, and daughters Ellen Twemblowe, Margaret Cartwright, and Anne Loundes.* (* Baptized 15th April, 1593. See Astbury Parish Register extracts).
Administration of the effects of Richard Cumberbach of Congleton, was granted in 1633 ; two persons named Ralph Comberbach assisted in making the inventory of his goods. Ralph Cumberbach of Congleton, in his will made 9th Septr 1652, directs his body to be buried in the churchyard of Astbury; mentions his wife Isabell, sons Ralph and William, daughter Jone, and grandchild Margery Comberbach, daughter of said son Ralph.
In later times a family probably connected with that of Congleton, resided in the neighbouring parish of Sandbach, but no person of the name is now living there. A Joseph Comberbach was churchwarden of Sandbach in 1731 and 1732. Joseph Comberbach, of Sandbach, innholder; died 9th March, 1743, aged 56; and Mary his wife, died 23rd March, 1754, aged 70, and was buried on the 26th of the same month. (See monumental inscription, page 47 [Appendix].) They had issue:-
RICHARD, baptized 26th Nov. 1710.
JOSEPH, bapt. 30th June, 1713 ; was town-clerk of Macclesfield. His will dated 28th March, 1762, proved at Chester, 1st October, 1764, He died 21st June, 1761, and was buried at Sandbach.
MARY, married Randle Furnival, of Congleton, and had issue Mary and Ellen.
ANN, baptized 9th Oct., 1715 ; married __ Brooke, of Congleton.
SARAH, baptized 28th April, 1717.
DANIEL, of whom presently.
SAMUEL, baptized 30th April, 1721. In his will dated 4th July, 1792, and proved 4th March, 1793, he mentions his sister-in-law, Mary Comberbach, “widow of my late brother, Daniel Comberbach,” and his nephew, Daniel Comberbach. He was buried at Sandbach, 22nd February, 1792. Samuel Comberbach and Elizabeth Hitchinson, both of Sandbach, were married 17th April, 1751. Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Comberbach, was buried 22nd March following Samuel Comberbach had a son Joseph, who is mentioned in the will of his uncle and god-father, Joseph Comberbach. He is, I presume, the Joseph who married 12th February, 1771, Mary Stanway. She was buried 22nd April, 1772. He was buried 25th Dec., 1771.
ELLEN, baptized 20th January, 1722; living 1762.
WILLIAM, baptized 13th November. 1726.
MARTHA, baptized 3rd March, 1727, buried 13th February, 1729.
Daniel, son of Joseph Comberbach, was baptized 28th Dec. 1718. As far as I am able to reconcile the various entries which occur in the parish registers of Sandbach, I am inclined to think that he married four times; first, 11th May, 1755, to Ann Johnson, of Sandbach; she was buried 3rd April, 1759. They had issue:-
Mary, baptized 21st March, 1756, buried 14th August, 1778.
Ann, baptized 15th February, 1758, and buried 15th November following.
Unless there were two persons of the same name living in Sandbach at the same time, which is scarcely probable, he must have married again, soon after his first wife's death, a second, and had issue by her:-
JOSEPH, baptized 10th September, 1760, buried 23rd Aug. 1761.
ELIZABETH, baptized 11th June, 1762.
DANIEL, baptized 18th May, 1764. Living 1792.
This wife of Daniel Comberbach was burried (sic) Dec. 1764. On the 14th March, 1765, he married his third wife, Katherine Mortlock, of Sandbach, who was buried 7th August, 1785. And 14th March, 1786, he married Mary Handcock, of Barthomley, who survived him. He was buried 15th June, 1787.
The Comberbachs of Congleton are not yet quite extinct. A William Comberbach still keeps the White Bear Inn, in that town.
Several persons of this name were living at Kenyon, in the county of Lancaster, during the seventeenth century. A few extracts relative to them from the Registers of Winwick, will be found at page 51 [Appendix]. Randle Cumberbach, of Kenyon, in his will dated 28th September, 1630, directs his body to be buried in his parish church of Winwick ; mentions the lease of his house from Edward Holland, of Denton, Esq. ; his wife Anne, son John, daughter Katheren, wife of Peter Crofte. Ellen Comberbatche was a witness to the will.
John Comberbirch (sic), of Kenion, made his will 20th January, 1687, mentions his sons John and Robert, his daughter Mary Johnes, and son-in-law Richard Andrews.
Robert Cumberbatch, of Kenyon, yeoman, in his will of August 8th, 1710, mentions among other persons his sister, Alice Norris, and nephew, Robert Cumberbatch. The will was proved 12th May, 1721.
Persons named Comberbach resided at Alvanley and Helsby, in the parish of Frodsham, county of Chester, but I only find four entries in the parish register (see page 51 [Appendix]. John Cumberbach, of Alvanley, by his will, bearing date 26th October, 1631, directs his body to be buried in the parish church of Frodsham, and mentions his wife, Joane Comberbache, sons John, Edward, Raffe, and Robert, daughters Anne and Alice, and his kinsman Rychard Weston, whom he appoints one of his executors.
Administration of the effects of Robert Cumberbach, of Alvanley, in the county of Chester, was granted to Jeremiah Leech, to the use of Ellen Leech, alias Cumberbach, his wife’s daughter, in 1672.
Probate of the nuncupative will of John Cumberbach, of Helsby, in the parish of Frodsham, blacksmith, was granted 16th February, 1664 ; mention is therein made of testator’s sons Richard and Ralph, daughter Mary Miller, alias Cumberbatch, and grandchild Elizabeth Miller ;
“and likewise hee expressed that hee had a sonn in Portingale * (* i.e. Portugal); and if ever hee returned he did give and bequeath him the bedd whereon hee lay to rest his bones upon. These words hee uttered in the presence of Thomas Oulton and Edward Comberbach, and suddenly departed this life.”
In the beginning of the eighteenth century I find the will of a Roger Comberbach, of Cuddington, and of a John Comberbach, of Walton-le-Dale, but have no further information concerning them. The will of Roger Comberbach, of Cuddington, in the county of Chester, yeoman, is dated 2nd April, 1709, and was proved 30th May in the same year; he mentions, together with other persons, cozen John Sheen’s four children, of Over, cozen John Sumner’s five children, daughter Katherine Comberbach, brother-in-law Robert Anson’s four children, neice (sic) Ann Burrowes, of Little Lee, son-in-law John Hold (?) of Aughton, cozen John Sheen’s children, of Peckforton; and appoints John Sheen and John Sumner executors. Among bequests to several persons the following item occurs:- “I give and bequeath unto my landlord and landlady Gill, of Haddington, and to their son, Thomas Gill, two shillings and sixpence apiece to buy them gloves.” The inventory of goods amounts to £156 7s. John Comberbach, of Walton-le-Dale, in the county of Lancaster, husbandman, in his will, dated 28th January, 1723, and proved 21st October, 1724, directs his body to be buried in his parish church of Walton, and names his wife Cicily Comberbach, brother Robert Comberbach, and nephew John Comberbach.
The next person I have to mention is Richard Cumberbache* (* Buried 9th May, 1624), of Lee, in the parish of Wybunbury. In his will, bearing date 22nd April, 1624, he directs his body to be buried in the parish churchyard of Wybunbury; and mentions Francis Aston, daughter of Thomas Aston, his son-in-law, Margaret Cumberbache, alias Lownes, his base daughter, and his wife Elizabeth Cumberbache† († Buried at Wybunbury, 21st January, 1637). He may possibly have been related to the Comberbachs of Nantwich. Mary, daughter of .John Comberbach, was baptized at Wybunbury, December 8th, 1684. Was this a John Comberbach of Nantwich?
An ecclesiastic the Reverend Richard Comberbach, was perpetual curate of Little Peover, near Knutsford, in Cheshire, during the early part of the eighteenth century, and was at one time a non juror. He endowed a school there which remains to this day, and left a charity to the poor of bread. His monumental inscription, &c., will be found at page 18. In his will, made 18th June, 1720, and proved 4th June, 1722, he directs his body to be put into a poplar coffin, coloured black, and to be laid in his late wife’s grave, in the evening, by candle light, near the font in the chapel of Lower Peover. He then appoints Richard Mee, his sole executor. He bequeaths four hundred pounds to five trustees, for an endowment for Lower Peover school. The trustees are to take “direction of my worthy friend, Sir Francis Leicester, Bart., in what relates that trust, when he is in the country.” Gives £52 to provide bread for the poor, who shall attend divine service and sermon every Sunday. Gives all his household goods to his wife. Mentions several persons to whom he gives legacies, and among them his “kinsman, Samuel Twisse.” Gives his wife £1200, and states, that £100 of this was given her by her late brother, Francis Hobson, late of Butley Hall, Gent. deceased. Mentions his wife’s neice, Mary, wife of Edward Oakes, and his wife’s nephew, Ralph Leach’s son Ralph. Gives £52 for bread to be given to the poor of Nether Alderley, every Sunday. Mentions “brother and sister Lee, and their children.” “Kinsman William Watts.” Directs his will to be preserved among the records of Lower Peover Chapel.
In a codicil, testator mentions his brother Ralph Leach’s wish to have his grandson’s legacy paid, which the testator does, and revokes the former bequest.
Value of inventory of goods amounts to £1274 9s. 5½d. The will is sealed with a seal, upon which is, Ermine on a chief a bezant between two billets. Crest, a fusil between two wings erect addorsed. These are the arms of Watts.
Notwithstanding a slight discrepancy in the dates (see monumental inscription), I consider Richard Comberbach, of Peover Inferior, to be identical with Richard Comberbach who graduated B.A. at Caius College, Cambridge, in 1668. In the admission book at that College, now in the custody of Dr. Guest the Master, I find him entered as Richard Comberbatch, son of Ralph Comberbatch, of Lyme, i. e, Lymm, in Cheshire ingenuus; born at Lachford, and educated under Mr. Richardson, of Lyme; entered as a sizar under Mr. Ellys; aged 21, anno. 1665.
In the lists of non-jurors in Kettlewell and Bowles I find the following entries, which I believe refer to this person, although they are both manifestly erroneous :-
“Mr. Richard Cumberland, curate of Tabby,” (i.e. Tabley.) Life of Kettlewell, 1718. App. Vi.
“Mr. Cumblach, Vicar (sic) of Lym.” Bowles’ Life of Ken. II., 185.
I have examined the transcripts of the parish registers of Lymm, but without eliciting much information, vide page 52 [Appendix].
Some Cumberbachs were resident at Crich, in the county of Derby, in 1707 and 1708. Administration of the effects of William Cumberbach, of Crich, was granted to his son Richard, 18th April, 1707. Administration of the effects of Richard Cumberbach, of Frichley, in the parish of Crich, was granted to his sister Joan Cumberbach, 23rd April, 1708.
The other side of the Atlantic may not be without a Comberbach. One Thomas Comberbach emigrated to New England from Norwich, in 17th century. (See New England Genealogical and Historical Register, vol. vi., p. 171, and vol. xiv., p. 325.)
It was under the name of Comberbach that Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the poet, enlisted in the 15th dragoons, when in great pecuniary distress after quitting Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1794, without a degree.
A fatal accident, of which a man named James Comberbach was the innocent cause, is reported in the Standard newspaper of September 20th, 1864.
I have now only to mention one more family claiming to be descended out of Cheshire, and I regret that I have but little information concerning it. It is, I believe, represented by Mr. R. Comberbach, of Antwerp, who, on the 21st February, 1862, wrote me :-
“I regret that my time has been so fully employed as to prevent me from thinking of genealogy, in bringing up a family of twelve children, of which I have unfortunately lost six, five of them grown up men and women. My age, now seventy-seven nearly, will excuse my not complying with your request of giving you my pedigree; in fact, I have been quite separated from my father’s relatives, he having left Cheshire at the age of twenty; he often spoke of visiting the tombs of his ancestors in Chester Cathedral, but death prevented him.”
This gentleman's younger brother, the Rev. Father Comberbach, of St. Mary's Priory, Princethorpe, near Rugby, in a letter dated 12th February, 1862, says:-
“Being the youngest of a very large family (nineteen in number) my early life found little interest in enquiries from those who were near the close of theirs as to genealogy, My father was from Cheshire, a younger son, he entered the army at an early age, enlisting in a moment of anger. He was at the seige of Gibraltar, and I have always understood that to the accurate journal of that celebrated seige which he kept, Colonel Drinkwater was largely indebted for his work."
I have here, as briefly as possible, narrated all the scattered facts I have collected concerning individuals of the surname of Comberbach, of whose families it would be difficult, if not impossible, to form connected genealogies. I shall, therefore, pass on to those whose descent can be more certainly ascertained. | <urn:uuid:bc083f96-fbb8-40e1-beee-66304abe15ec> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://cumberbatch.org/index.php/surnames/comberbach/comberbach-book?showall=&start=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583807724.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20190121193154-20190121215154-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.964446 | 5,840 | 2.5625 | 3 |
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2013
Where did the English Sliny family come from? What is the English Sliny family crest and coat of arms? When did the Sliny family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Sliny family history?The distinguished surname Sliny emerged among the industrious people of Flanders, which was an important trading partner and political ally of Britain during the Middle Ages. As a result of the frequent commercial intercourse between the Flemish and English nations, many Flemish migrants settled in Britain. In early times, people were known by only a single name. However, as the population grew and people traveled further afield, it became increasingly necessary to assume an additional name to differentiate between bearers of the same personal name. The manner in which hereditary surnames arose is interesting. Local surnames are derived from where the original bearer lived, was born, or held land. Flemish surnames of this type frequently are prefixed by de la or de le, which mean of the or from the. The Sliny family originally lived in some place which experts suggest was named Slanie or Slaney. The surname Sliny belongs to the category of habitation names, which are derived from pre-existing names for towns, villages, parishes, or farmsteads, or other places.
Flemish surnames are characterized by a large number of spelling variations. One reason for this is that medieval English lacked definite spelling rules. The spellings of surnames were also influenced by the official court languages, which were French and Latin. Names were rarely spelled consistently in medieval times. Scribes and church officials recorded names as they sounded, rather than adhering to specific spelling rules, and people often had their names registered in several different forms throughout their lives. One of the greatest reasons for change is the linguistic uniqueness of the Flemish settlers in England, who spoke a language closely related to Dutch. The pronunciation and spelling of Flemish names were often altered to suit the tastes of English-speaking people. In many cases, the first, final, or middle syllables of surnames were eliminated. The name has been spelled Slaney, Slanie, Slane, Slayney and others.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Sliny research. Another 128 words(9 lines of text) covering the year 1595 is included under the topic Early Sliny History in all our PDF Extended History products.
More information is included under the topic Early Sliny Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the Sliny family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. Another 200 words(14 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products.
Discovered in the immigration and passenger lists were a number of people bearing the name Sliny: Mary Slaney who settled in Boston Massachusetts in 1850; Timothy Slane settled in Philadelphia in 1840; followed by Daniel in 1855. In Newfoundland, David Slaney was granted land at Great St. Lawrence in 1844.
The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.
Motto: Deo duce comite industria
Motto Translation: God is my guide, industry my companion.
The Sliny Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Sliny Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 27 October 2010 at 13:59.
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation. | <urn:uuid:69b90719-cc5b-4a13-b9ba-23774062d560> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.houseofnames.com/sliny-family-crest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1387345760572/warc/CC-MAIN-20131218054920-00071-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969239 | 877 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Tourists Lured to Thracian Treasure in Varna
Varna, once home to the Ancient Thracian civilisation, laid a gilded lure for tourists this weekend with a dazzling display of its nine most important gold and silver artefacts, seen together for the first time.
The objects, dating back between the fifth millennium BC and the third century AD "form part of the foundations of European civilisation", President Georgi Parvanov said, opening the exhibit in the presence of 12 heads of state from central and eastern Europe.
As queues of people snaked outside the National Historical Museum in this Black Sea city, its director Bozhidar Dimitrov estimated that a million others would visit during the five months the national treasures will be on display before being shipped out to separate exhibits across the world.
The nine collections belong to six Bulgarian museums but are rarely seen by the Bulgarian public as international venues have constantly sought to borrow them for display.
The country is considered the motherland of the Ancient Thracians, skilled goldsmiths who inhabited lands across southwest Europe from the Carpathian mountains to the Caucasus region, and whose civilisation is still veiled in mystery.
The most famous of their treasures, on display at the Varna museum, is an amphora rhyton - an ornate drinking vessel - and nine other vessels made of pure gold and decorated with the heads of mythological animals and people.
The works, found near Panagyurishte in the west of Bulgaria, weigh more than six kilograms.
The museum's own collection includes what is considered to be "the world's most ancient finely-worked gold... unearthed from a burial site near Varna and dating back to 4400-4200 BC", director Dimitrov said.
The treasures come from a tomb discovered in 1972 which held 990 miniature gold ornaments weighing a total of 1,5kg.
"The intricate work speaks to a highly developed ancient civilisation of unknown origins," he added.
Two necklaces unearthed in in 2004 and last year near the central village of Dabene and dating to the third millennium BC also cast a spell on visitors with the intricacy of the 15 000 miniature gold rings they were assembled from.
"In the whole of Europe and the Middle East there is only one find that can rival these pieces: the gold treasures of ancient Troy," Dimitrov added.
The exhibition also includes the largest Bronze Age (13th century BC) gold treasure found in Valchitran, northern Bulgaria, composed of 13 ritual vessels and weighing 12,5kg.
The masterpieces on display have provided clues to ritual and royal life of Ancient Thrace, Dimitrov said. <>brThracian kings were also supreme priests of their tribes, and the gold and silver vessels they used during meals were not only considered symbols of power but also objects used in religious rituals, he said.
The largest Thracian find, that of Rogozen, comprises 165 silver vases and cups which were most probably held for two centuries by a royal dynasty in what is now part of northeastern Bulgaria.
The most recent finds displayed were unearthed only last summer in a burial site near Elhovo, in the southeast: a gold crown, pieces of protective armour, equestrian equipment and miniature bronze, silver and gold containers that likely accompanied an ancient ruler in his earthly life and beyond.
More than 10 000 Thracian burial mounds are scattered across Bulgaria, although most have already been looted.
In 2003, the government launched a cultural tourism project in the so-called "Valley of the Thracian Kings" in central Bulgaria where some 15 mounds have already been explored but cannot be visited due to poor infrastructure.
- +359 2 962 22 13
- +359 886 000 779
- Send a request | <urn:uuid:e2178feb-9af1-48bb-a44f-8f020c14616a> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.beachbulgaria.com/varna/articles/varna_treasure_en.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703507971.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116225820-20210117015820-00249.warc.gz | en | 0.960739 | 787 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Science and law connect in campus collaboration
Have you ever wondered how scientists decide which problems to work on or what inventions to develop?
In addition to curiosity and inspiration, intellectual property can be a key factor, especially if researchers are interested in commercializing their work.
Fortunately, student attorneys at the University of Wisconsin Law School’s Law and Entrepreneurship (L&E) Clinic are skilled at helping scientists focus their work by identifying pre-existing publications and patents.
“Researchers say, ‘I have an interesting idea, should I develop it by using Route A or Route B?'” says Lindsey Thompson, a third-year law student and L&E Clinic student attorney. “They come to us so we can tell them what has been patented, and they can decide how to more strategically use their time.”
To increase its involvement in biotechnology, the L&E Clinic recently partnered with the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), which has facilities at UW–Madison and Michigan State University. The center’s researchers at both institutions have already taken advantage of the clinic’s services to help develop cutting-edge bioenergy technologies.
“The services we provide to the GLBRC would normally cost them tens of thousands of dollars,” says Thompson, who was recruited by the clinic to work on GLBRC research based on her background in molecular biology and genetics. “Fortunately, the partnership benefits both groups: L&E Clinic student attorneys are able start building their legal experience years before their colleagues, and all work is overseen by supervising attorneys or reviewed by outside counsel to ensure the student attorneys are providing the best legal work possible.”
By working with one of the clinic’s 15 student attorneys to generate a “freedom to operate analysis,” GLBRC scientists can visualize a research landscape in terms of what is known and unknown, and what areas are open to new discovery. With this information, researchers can plan their work in a more strategic manner to produce results that are both novel and marketable.
With its free services available to the public as well as UW–Madison researchers, the clinic’s clients include small business owners, entrepreneurs, and inventors across Wisconsin and the Midwest.
“We try to epitomize the Wisconsin Idea, because we take what we do on campus and deliver the same service to people outside the campus,” says Anne Smith, a Law School professor and a clinic supervising attorney.
Brian Pfleger, a professor in UW–Madison’s Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, is one GLBRC researcher currently involved in the clinic’s process.
Pfleger’s latest technology involves developing strains of E. coli to produce a type of bio-polymer which could be used to replace plastics traditionally made with petroleum.
While attending the GLBRC’s annual retreat in May, Pfleger connected with MBI, an organization that is part of the Michigan State University Foundation. MBI specializes in troubleshooting and scaling up bio-based technologies to prepare them for industrial applications.
“This has really exploded very quickly,” Pfleger says. “Bringing in the L&E folks was a no-brainer.”
By working with both MBI and the clinic, Pfleger has been able to investigate commercial applications for his technologies while exploring the intellectual property landscape to decide whether developing those technologies might be worthwhile.
According to Pfleger, working with the clinic has allowed him to make smart choices in his research with respect to intellectual property without a significant time commitment.
“The biggest thing people need to realize in basic science is that many things are patentable that you wouldn’t think are patentable and vice versa,” Pfleger says. “You want to make sure you’re getting the most out of your research, and that you’re protecting your findings by understanding the patent landscape.”
The clinic is located in the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus and can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org.
– By Celia Smith | <urn:uuid:73293001-f3f3-4ba0-bfce-7ea8de5e11a4> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://news.wisc.edu/science-and-law-connect-in-campus-collaboration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676594018.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722213610-20180722233610-00599.warc.gz | en | 0.955534 | 870 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Anatomy of the ovaries
A woman's ovaries are located on both sides of the uterus, below the opening of the fallopian tubes (tubes that extend from the uterus to the ovaries).
Function of the ovaries
In addition to producing egg cells, the ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which affect many of the female characteristics and reproductive functions. The levels of secreted estrogen and progesterone are controlled by gonadotropic hormones produced by the pituitary gland. The ovaries also contain the egg cells necessary for reproduction.
Anatomy of the testes
The two testes are egg-shaped organs that hang suspended in a pouch of skin (scrotum) outside the male body.
Function of the testes
The testes in a man produce testosterone, which affect many of the male characteristics and sperm production. | <urn:uuid:f9dca4c2-4d7b-4c59-86f2-34fa2afab456> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=P00427 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430455121137.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501043841-00047-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917 | 178 | 3.59375 | 4 |
The child is born, he makes his first breath and loudly cries. The first cry of a newborn is the first sound your child makes. Both doctors and mother of the baby expect this.
The importance of the first cry
Just a couple of minutes before the first cry, the baby is still in the womb. At this point, he gets all the important substances for his life through the placenta and umbilical cord. At the moment of birth, he ceases to receive oxygen from his mother's body. Nerve cells of the brain give the command to the muscles of the baby's chest to contract. The child makes his first breath: at the time of inspiration, all the alveoli in the baby's lungs are filled with air. Due to the fact that the muscles of the chest have contracted all in one moment, the child experiences real pain.
The first cry of a child as a prerequisite for further life
The newborn cries during inspiration. The cry is merely vital to a child. The fact is that during the cry the body produces anaesthetizing hormones that flow directly into the bloodstream. It is worth noting an increase in the level of carbon dioxide, which promotes intense breathing, extremely necessary to a child. Carbon dioxide stimulates the cells of the brain, which are responsible for relaxing the muscles. As a result, after crying, the child feels better, the pain passes. A sufficient amount of carbonic acid in the blood neutralizes the pain syndrome, making thereby the newborn calm down and fall asleep.
Please note: Cry develops the mental capabilities of the child's brain, increases the physical capabilities of his muscles and removes pain.
Child’s cry and speech development
When a baby is crying, an articulation apparatus develops. In order to develop his mental abilities through the articulation apparatus, the child often cries, demanding something to eat and sleep and attention of his parents. In the case when the baby needs the warmth of the mother's abdomen to relieve intestinal colic (pain in the abdomen), the baby will certainly achieve his own.
Child’s cry and intestinal colic
In newborns, intestinal colic is an actual problem during the first months of life. For an infant, this is a painful experience, which causes serious discomfort for him. What a child can do to reduce pain is to shout loudly. The child's cry triggers a mechanism for the formation of carbon dioxide in the blood. As a result, muscle relaxes for a moment, the release of anesthetic hormones into the blood occurs. Painful sensations gradually pass away, intestinal colic ceases for a while. Tired of pain and screaming babe calms down.
When the baby cries the level of carbon dioxide in the blood can rise up to 8%. After that, the muscles of the intestine relax, after a while the colic pass, and the amount of carbon dioxide returns to the previous index (7%). The exhausting process of spasms and their relaxation is repeated in the infant again and again during the first months of life.
Why is crying useful and how often do babies cry?
At the time of the conversation, the amount of carbon dioxide in the human blood is at 7%, oxygen - 2%. When the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood increases, this stimulates the production of all the hormones, for this reason, it feels good for us when we communicate. iPhone always requires recharging, which is quite normal. Crying occurs on inspiration. Exhalation is longer than in ordinary speech. Our children like screaming. At these times, the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood of the newborn rises to 7.5%, and the oxygen level is still 2%.
If your child screams, something hurts or there are unpleasant feelings that cause discomfort, even when the child is constantly on hand. The baby will stop screaming when the pain syndrome passes. It turns out that when a carbon dioxide increases to 8% an analgesic hormones get in the blood.
The question is: how to achieve the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood was constantly at 8%? How does the baby's body determine that the concentration is exactly 8%?
Nature has created an intercellular regulation to ensure the constancy of the internal environment. Internal regulation is carried out with the help of intracellular fluid, an endocrine system that produces hormones, as well as blood and lymph.
Brain cell nutrition
For the normal development of brain cells responsible for the speech and mental abilities of the baby, they should receive timely nerve impulses from other brain cells. It is known that nutrients in the human brain come from the total blood flow. The brain receives the information on the status of other cells in the body through the concentration of various hormones in the blood.
There are special areas for anesthesia in the brain cells. They react solely to the hormones the human body produces and releases into the bloodstream when pain occurs. These cells of our brain are responsible for speech and for mental abilities. For physiologically normal work of cells, a constant outflow (waste) of their vital activity is needed.
The lymphatic system keeps the cells clean!
In the case when, for some reason, the lymph flow rate slows down, the lymphatic system does not fully cope with the elimination of waste from the cells. As a result of this work in the muscle cells over time, there is swelling, which causes a delay in development in children.
Symptoms of muscle swelling
The key signs of the presence of swelling in the muscles in your baby and developmental delay are provided below. When the baby:
At the age of 3 months, he clenches his fists, pulling his hands to the toys with difficulty.
At the age of 4 months, he hardly turns over. He does not try to roll over on his side.
At the age of 6 months, the child has an increased muscle tone in the legs.
At the age of 7 months, the baby is not crawling yet.
The presence of the features described above indicates that your child has delayed development of certain areas of the brain. These sites are responsible for the movement and mental perception of the process itself. In order to help your child to develop properly, without delay, you need to do an emendic massage and special gymnastics for the development of the brain.
The cost of a written request to the doctor - 800 $
Information on this site is for informational purposes only, collected from open sources. When copying materials the hyperlink to klinikanikonova.ru is obligatory! | <urn:uuid:1126de9d-3b59-4266-b977-9ba07cfb7350> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://klinikanikonova.com/cry-of-a-newborn-vagitus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660067.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015155056-20191015182556-00250.warc.gz | en | 0.942886 | 1,336 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Cyanobacteria have been a problem before now round the Wellington Region [my emphasis]:
In the summer of 2005/06, thick mats of cyanobacteria were found in some reaches of the Hutt, Mangaroa, Wainuiomata, Otaki, Waikanae and Waipoua rivers. The Hutt River was affected for much of the summer, with extensive thick, dark-brown/ black mats of Phormidium sp. present on the river margins in the Boulcott-Avalon area during a period of extended low river flows in November 2005. At least five dogs died around this time, after coming into contact with the algae at the water?s edge. Analytical tests confirmed the presence of toxins, leading Regional Public Health and local councils to erect health warning signs restricting access to affected rivers in the region over the summer.
Now the problem’s flaring up again and your dogs could be at risk:
River warnings (Updated 27 November 2012)
There is currently a moderate risk to river users from potentially toxic cyanobacteria in the Hutt River at Birchville, Maoribank Corner and Silverstream. Moderate growth of cyanobacteria mats has been recorded in these areas and detached mats are starting to wash up on the rivers edge. River users, particularly those with dogs, should avoid contact with algal mats in these river reaches. …
Rivers users, particularly those with dogs, or those drawing water from the river for stock/human consumption, should be on the lookout for exposed or easily accessible algal mats (usually brown or black in colour) both on the riverbanks and/or ‘floating’ on the surface of shallow areas and rocks in the rivers, and avoid any contact with them. | <urn:uuid:b1098d7e-6535-4754-a322-be015e7d675c> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://runspotrun.info/news/2012/beware-the-bacteria-in-local-rivers?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+RunSpotRun+%28Run+Spot+Run%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661349.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00253-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940831 | 364 | 2.609375 | 3 |
- Pub. Date:
Brave Irene is Irene Bobbin, the dressmaker's daughter. Her mother, Mrs. Bobbin, isn't feeling so well and can't possibly deliver the beautiful ball gown she's made for the duchess to wear that very evening. So plucky Irene volunteers to get the gown to the palace on time, in spite of the fierce snowstorm that's brewing quite an errand for a little girl.
But where there's a will, there's a way, as Irene proves in the danger-fraught adventure that follows. She must defy the wiles of the wicked wind, her most formidable opponent, and overcome many obstacles before she completes her mission.
Brave Irene is a 1986 New York Times Book Review Best Illustrated Book of the Year.
Related collections and offers
About the Author
Reading Group Guide
Irene braves the elements on a stormy winter night. Have students create a list of the different types of weather that occur during each season. Then design a class weather journal and have students take turns recording the daily weather and its impact on the students' activities (e.g., "Today it is sleeting. It is too wet, cold, and slippery for us to play outside at recess").
Irene's mother is a talented dressmaker. Give students their own opportunity to "sew" clothing by providing them with two pieces of felt, a large plastic needle, yarn, and a hole-puncher. With a felt-tip pen, students should outline the design of the garment on a single piece of felt. Then they should align the two pieces of felt, cut out the garment, punch holes around the perimeter, and use yarn to sew the garment together. They can then decorate it by gluing on ribbon, buttons, small fabric scraps, or sequins. (Note: A glue gun is most effective, but its use requires adult supervision.) A variation of this activity is to create stuffed animals from two pieces of felt, filling the middle with cotton.
I Did It!
Ask students to recall an experience during which they were confronted with overwhelming circumstances but, like Irene, managed to persevere. What motivated them? How did they feel during the incident? How did they feel after it had ended? Discuss the traits that helped Irene succeed, including bravery, persistence, resourcefulness, and commitment. Students can then create badges or "medals of courage" for their classmates.
Irene's mother has endearing pet names for her "dumpling," "cupcake," and "pudding." Have students write about what pet names are used in their family, and by whom. Provide an opportunity for sharing, as students will enjoy learning about their classmates' family terms of endearment. | <urn:uuid:b7cca32a-3199-4519-96a1-84658a19221e> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/brave-irene-william-steig/1128942264 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057615.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925082018-20210925112018-00110.warc.gz | en | 0.964383 | 571 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Middlebury junior's research looks at climate change and recession of glaciers [AUDIO SLIDESHOW]
July 21, 2008
By Thomas Brant '10
MIDDLEBURY, Vt. - On the wall of a geology laboratory in McCardell Bicentennial Hall, a half-scale x-ray image of three 14-foot long sediment cores hangs like the giant columns of the Parthenon. Standing beside the images, Middlebury junior Lilly Corenthal explains the importance of the contrasting layers that appear in the x-rays of the cores, which represent a period of about 8,000 years.
"If the grains are really big, that could be a period of high glacial activity, and if the grains are much finer, it shows that deposition - the rate at which the layers build up - was occurring more slowly," Corenthal said.
|A mule train carries supplies and equipment to Upper Kintla Lake.|
|Glacier overlooking Upper Kintla|
|Removing the core sample from Upper Kintla|
|Lilly Corenthal runs tests on the photospectrometer.|
The different-sized sediment grains are just one component of a research project that could help shed new light on the alarming rate at which glaciers are receding in Montana's Glacier National Park - a phenomenon most scientists attribute to global warming. When the first surveys were made in 1850, the park contained 150 individual glaciers. Today, just 27 remain.
Corenthal, of Larchmont, N.Y., is working with Associate Professor of Geology Jeff Munroe to create a detailed chronology of glacial activity in Glacier National Park during the Holocene epoch, which began around 10,000 years ago. She hopes that her analysis of the cores, taken from the bed of Upper Kintla Lake, will provide a perspective in which to evaluate the rapid retreat of the Agassiz Glacier, which is located just upstream.
To provide that perspective, Corenthal is studying the sediment grain size distribution and the amount of biogenic silica -the remains of aquatic algae - found in each layer shown in the x-ray image. More silica in a certain layer could mean that the lake water was warmer at that time because the Agassiz Glacier was absent or reduced in size, while less silica might be a sign of colder water due to increased glacier area.
Other analyses of the cores completed in the past year will also help elucidate past glacier behavior.
"Everything that has ever accumulated in a lake stays there as either organic matter or rock material," said Corenthal, "so the first analysis we did was for magnetic susceptibility, which is a measure of the different rock types that are washing into the lake. Then we did a test called loss-on-ignition, which gives us an overview of how much organic matter has been in the lake."
Corenthal and Munroe will combine the grain size and biogenic silica data with results from the other tests run on the cores to generate an integrated climate history for the Agassiz Glacier and Upper Kintla Lake.
The project started in June 2007, when Munroe, a colleague from the State University of New York at Geneseo, and Logan Duran, a 2008 Middlebury graduate, worked with National Park Service and US Geological Survey personnel to transport the coring equipment to the lake in the remote northwest corner of the park. Over the course of five days, the crew retrieved three long cores, including the one that Corenthal is studying, which was taken from more than 100 feet beneath the lake surface. The cores were divided into shorter sections for transport back to the trailhead on horseback and shipping back to Middlebury. In September 2007, employees at Porter Hospital near the college volunteered their time to x-ray the cores, providing a glimpse of the complicated layering they contain.
According to Munroe, this research is providing important context for current discussions of global climate change and its effects because so little is known about the history of the glaciers in Glacier National Park.
"We really have no idea how long the modern glaciers in Glacier National Park have existed," Munroe explained.
But what scientists do know is that the 27 remaining glaciers are all retreating rapidly and may disappear entirely within the next few decades.
"Glaciers are obvious manifestations of local climate," Munroe said. "Given the intuitive nature of the connection between warmer temperatures and melting ice, it is easy to understand why so many people view Glacier National Park as a canary in the coal mine for global climate change. If it is demonstrated that glaciers in the park have existed for thousands of years, then the distinct possibility that they will disappear entirely in the next few decades will be a powerful motivation for addressing global climate change."
Through her research on the samples, Corenthal hopes to get a better understanding of climate change from a scientific perspective.
"Climate change has been an issue that I've been interested in for the past couple of years," Corenthal said. "Not just the science of it but how it relates to our economy and our lives and everything that's going on in the world right now."
"I'm excited to have the opportunity this summer to really get into the science of it and to know what's going on in the world we live in from a climatic perspective." | <urn:uuid:b90dd2ac-4816-41d7-88d7-357c9ab43554> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/archive/2008/node/112483 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011155657/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091915-00067-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95199 | 1,108 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Biodiversity of the oceans
Most of the biodiversity (number of species) of the oceans still remains a mystery. It is believed that less than 0.1% of bacterial plankton diversity has been documented. The deep-sea sediments are considered to be yet another source of undiscovered biodiversity. While the diversity of species is greater on land, the number of phyla is greater in the sea.
The sheer size and volume of the oceans makes it a major player in the global climate, and much of this can be attributed to its biology. Carbon dioxide is the major reenhouse gas and photosynthesis is the fundamental mechanism by which it is sequestered in tissues of living organisms and their dead matter. The oceans contain about 38 x 1012 tons of soluble carbon dioxide, which is ~60 times more than that in the atmosphere. The magnitude of primary production, export to the deep sea, and the production of calcium carbonate by marine organisms are the major biological factors in determining the role of the oceans in the global carbon cycle. Understanding details of these processes remains a major challenge in biological oceanography. | <urn:uuid:592620d9-3b27-44ed-b2aa-76ff147a0689> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nio.org/index/option/com_nomenu/task/show/tid/2/id/157 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279468.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00415-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943192 | 224 | 3.609375 | 4 |
In 1935 Arthur Bentley made a brilliant discourse analysis (an early version) to distinguish between psychologists’ two uses of language: one connected to a physical world, called ‘body-language’ or ‘physical language’; and one he called ‘mind-language’. These theories are supposedly the psychologists’ special phenomena of inquiry into mental, psychical, psychological or behavioral events.
What Bentley was trying to do was to act like a theoretical taxonomist and to examine what psychologists say in their theories and determine the moments at which they slip from one of the languages into the other. They usually switch languages at key points, he found, trying to save their inconsistent and failing theories. To rescue one bit of weak theorizing they fall into the other language.
Bentley then used four key issues, or sectors as he called them, to debunk almost all psychological theories, and this would include most of our contemporary psychological theories, especially the very common explanations made with reference to parts of the brain (a body-language). The issues were the following:
Table 2. Bentley’s four “sectors’ which can help identify where problems lie with psychological theories which waver between mind-language and body-language.
- Immateriality: how the theory accounts for the lack of substance with all ‘mind-language’ constructs
- Apprehensionality: how the theory accounts for objects being ‘apprehended’; how perception and thinking fit in the system
- Isolationality: how the theory accounts for some sort of isolation of the mind or person or subject from the rest of the world, including the body
- Environmental: how the theory accounts for (if at all) the environment in relation to the organism and what it does
Only J. R. Kantor’s work passed all the tests and was consistent in all four sectors within its own theorizing.
Current cognitive psychology still has problems with most of these issues, as do the multitude of brain “explanations” of behavior.
Note also that current behavior analysis also has major problems with Apprehensionality (is discrimination perception?) and Isolationality (what does ‘private event’ actually mean beyond being an abstract term to rescue an argument?) | <urn:uuid:d9d777a0-3fcf-44fa-8f2c-30f2926e3d3a> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://holisticelephants.wordpress.com/2016/03/06/arthur-bentleys-1935-discourse-analysis-of-psychology-theories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812758.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219171550-20180219191550-00611.warc.gz | en | 0.955047 | 475 | 3.046875 | 3 |
You may have spotted stories cropping up in the newspapers lately, about revolutionary battery technologies for EVs. Range anxiety will become a thing of the past, EVs will be topped up in a few minutes, and so on.
Do the claims hold any water? It looks like it, the alternatives to what we’ve got today are well understood and several companies say they are close to a breakthrough.
It appears there are two key changes that could improve the capacity and charging speed of lithium ion batteries if they can be made to work. One is a change to the material used for the battery negative electrode, the anode, and the other is a more radical switch to solid-state technology.
Anodes are made largely from carbon in graphite form, where lithium ions are stored when the battery is fully charged. It’s not the ideal material, as others store more energy but their use has so far proved technically unfeasible. Switching to an alternative such as a silicon-based material can increase the speed of charging and the capacity, and that means the existing lithium ion battery format can be substantially improved - if battery developers can find a way to make it work in mass production.
The other approach involves moving to a new design, the solid-state lithium ion battery. In that case, the flammable liquid electrolyte is replaced by a slim solid electrolyte which takes up less space and is inflammable. It also means that the graphite anode could potentially be replaced with a lithium metal anode, increasing capacity and speeding up the charge process.
Lithium metal anodes can’t be used for the existing format of battery because they grow tentacle-like dendrites which spread through the liquid electrolyte to the cathode causing a short circuit and fire. In a solid-state battery, the solid electrolyte prevents that.
Either approach could be a game-changer, with the proviso that solid-state batteries should be lighter and safer than the existing format. Battery technology developers have been on the case for at least a decade and both Toyota and Volkswagen have said recently they’re close to producing viable solid-state EV batteries.
So yes, the likelihood is that many players are close to a breakthrough, not just one or two headliners. Let’s just hope the charging infrastructure can keep up. | <urn:uuid:dfec22f4-d1fb-4190-93bf-65cb542e6b1b> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.autocar.co.uk/opinion/electric-cars/why-do-we-want-solid-state-ev-batteries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057622.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925112158-20210925142158-00148.warc.gz | en | 0.939684 | 483 | 2.5625 | 3 |
: a series of scheduled visits or appearances (as games or performances) in several locations or the travel necessary to make these visits <the team is on the road><on tour with the musical's road company>
Traveled way on which people, animals, or wheeled vehicles move. The earliest roads developed from paths and trails and appeared with the invention of wheeled vehicles about 3000 BC. Road systems were developed to facilitate trade in early civilizations; the first major road extended 1,500 mi (2,400 km) from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was used as early as 3500 BC. The Romans used roads to maintain control of their empire, with over 53,000 mi (85,000 km) of roadways extending across its lands; Roman construction techniques and design remained the most advanced until the late 1700s. In the early 19th century the invention of macadam road construction provided a quick and durable method for building roads, and asphalt and concrete also began to be used. Motorized traffic in the 20th century led to the limited-access highway, the first of which was a parkway in New York City (1925). Superhighways also appeared in Italy and Germany in the 1930s. In the 1950s the U.S. interstate highway system was inaugurated to link the country's major cities. | <urn:uuid:87cbeae7-efe9-42e4-a4f0-c7078bda3370> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/road | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164013918/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133333-00051-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976901 | 272 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Research misconduct is a serious problem that threatens the entire academic and research enterprise by undermining public trust, thereby jeopardizing public funding. The Office of Research Integrity of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services defines research misconduct as "fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results." Various studies (1-3) have attempted to quantify the cost of research misconduct, but the original misconduct is only a part of the problem. Fraudulent research published in otherwise reputable journals can have a life of its own, being cited by many other researchers or even forming the basis of honest researchers' work. Perpetuating fraudulent research in this way is itself a form of research misconduct.
Publishers and government funding agencies take research misconduct in all its forms very seriously. Publishers will retract articles in which research misconduct has been detected, signaling that the research is not to be trusted. Government funding agencies, on the other hand, can impose sanctions on individual researchers or on entire institutions, ranging from letters of reprimand all the way to prohibiting any further participation in sponsored programs (see, for example, 45 CFR § 689.3).
Various studies show that it can be extremely difficult to recognize fraudulent research. Nevertheless, there are several steps you can take to avoid fraudulent research papers.
The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations defines plagiarism as "the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit" (45 CFR § 689.1). Plagiarism is a common form of research misconduct, yet it is very easy to avoid by following these three simple steps;
For more information on citing your sources see: | <urn:uuid:d78a5303-4100-46b9-9fe7-06b803f5fddf> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://guides.library.iit.edu/c.php?g=1059327&p=7699678 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473735.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222061937-20240222091937-00425.warc.gz | en | 0.937991 | 348 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.