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Border Collies Protect Scientsts' Research From Geese
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
Good morning. I'm David Greene. Throw me a bone. - that was essentially the message from some frustrated scientists in Canada. They work at an experimental research farm, testing crops like corn and barley. And recently, packs of Canadian geese had been swooping in and destroying the crops. [POST-BROADCAST CORRECTION: The waterfowl were misidentified. They are Canada geese.]
Who you gonna call? The Geese Busters - Jamie and Bella. They're two border collies. The dogs were hired to chase away the geese, and it's been working. The cost for the canine services - 44,000 bucks a year.
You're listening to MORNING EDITION.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by a contractor for NPR, and accuracy and availability may vary. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Please be aware that the authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio.
Correction May 21, 2013
The audio of this story, as did a previous Web introduction, incorrectly calls Canada geese Canadian geese. | <urn:uuid:74f4da54-71d0-447f-9ed3-32d043bf60dc> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.npr.org/2013/05/21/185738763/border-collies-protect-scientsts-research-from-geese | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535921550.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014521-00101-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91969 | 252 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is looking to move forward with a costly levee system to protect a floodway in southern Missouri. The project is at the expense of much-needed maintenance to existing systems across the state.
In July, the USACE released its latest draft environmental impact statement for the St. Johns Bayou and New Madrid Floodway project. A major component of this $164 million project is to close a 1,500-foot gap at the southern edge of the New Madrid Floodway with a new levee. USACE claims that this project will protect agricultural land in the New Madrid Floodway from yearly back-flooding with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 2:1.
However, experts and other government departments claim that the environmental impact statement, the seventh proposing this levee since Congress approved the project in 1954, underestimates both construction expenses and other externalities. The USACE is well-known for construction cost overruns, exemplified by a lock and dam project on the Ohio River. Although the money already spent on that project is almost five times the original budget, it remains incomplete.
The Corps is also likely underestimating ecological damage to the Mississippi River. As it closes off the last area in Missouri where the Mississippi has access to flooding areas, the proposed levee is likely to damage the Mississippi River’s ecology, including its fish stock and bird species. The U.S. Department of the Interior states that USACE’s plans for mitigation:
…lack scientific validation, are logistically infeasible, and inadequate both in kind…and amount.
A new levee endangers not only fish and fowl, but also Missouri residents. As the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) stated in 1995, “That levees increase flood levels is subject to little disagreement.” The back-flooding into the New Madrid Floodway relieves pressure from levees upstream in Missouri. Shutting off this escape route increases the danger of levee failure at other places along the river.
While the Corps plans a new levee system with ominous consequences, Missouri’s existing levees remain in a state of disrepair. Of the 133 rated levees in USACE’s registered system for Missouri, only 5 percent are fully acceptable for a 100-year flood (1 percent chance in any given year). Ninety percent are “minimally acceptable” (have one or more areas that endanger the structure) and an additional 5 percent are “unacceptable” (not rated to perform up to standard in the next flood). That $164 million might be better spent maintaining the system that already exists rather than protecting a floodway. | <urn:uuid:319b051e-4865-4a9e-a1bd-5542fe4a4f78> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.showmedaily.org/category/agriculture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246658116.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045738-00156-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923503 | 565 | 3.046875 | 3 |
The way I understand tinnitus, I don't think it would make a difference.
Here's what I know: Our inner ears contain hair cells which would normally be responsible for perceiving specific frequencies when stimulated by the basilar membrane inside the cochlea (which is simulated by the 3, tiny bones which are stimulated by the attached ear drum, which is stimulated by...you get the idea.). With tinnitus, however, some of these hair cells are damaged and can no longer detect vibrations. As a result, the accompanying neurons associated with those damaged cells become "hungry" for stimulation because the brain sends an increasing level of "outbound" signal since it never receives any "inbound" signal, thereby causing the ringing sound we hear...a "loop" of information, if you will. This is very similar to the phantom-limb pain we can feel after having lost an arm or leg; this situation also causes the associated part of the brain to stop receiving signals from the amputated or damaged limb and the increased level of outbound signal causes (severe, in many cases) pain. Tinnitus works the same way, but on a much smaller scale because fewer neurons are left wanting, plus we still have many hair cells remaining which function normally and help "drown out" the ringing.
So, by that rationale I imagine that the ringing would be much more apparent initially but would eventually be drowned out by the sounds perceived by the working cells, like heart beat, breathing and digestion. Then when those sounds are not enough, our brain starts creating "phantom" stimulus which causes the hallucinations.
In short, I would think the answer is no. | <urn:uuid:eede5fcf-eca3-40a3-afef-9897186f5112> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://slashdot.org/~Stenchwarrior/tags/quake3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1404776423684.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20140707234023-00060-ip-10-180-212-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970009 | 343 | 2.640625 | 3 |
In the first week of August 2017, more than 60 people including women and children were killed in Mirza Olang village of northern Sar-e-Pul Province of Afghanistan in a joint and coordinated attack by Taliban and Daesh also know as Islamic States of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Almost all the victims belong to Hazara ethnic group who mostly follows Shia sect of Islam. There are also considerable Hazara populations of Sunni and Ismaili sects in the country.
Following the capture of Local Police check posts, the insurgents descended on the said village and resorted killing the inhabitants, while showing no mercy even on women and children. The militants set ablaze the villagers’ houses and took hostage 150 family members. Later they released some elderly man and women but took away about 47 girls, aged from 11 to 22 years, to unknown location. It is feared that these girls would suffer the same treatment as suffered by the Yazidi women in Iraq.
Hazaras, once the largest ethnic group, have remained the most oppressed and persecuted community in Afghanistan. About 60% of their total population had been massacred during the then King of Kabul Amir Abdur Rahman, in 19th Century (1830-1901) while thousands of their women were detained, kept slaves and sold in the open market of Kabul and other parts of the country at throwaway prices. The atrocities and discrimination had forced hundreds of thousands of Hazaras to fled to British Sub-continent, Iran and some other countries. The forefathers of Pakistani Hazaras, who have now been living for more than a century in Pakistan, had fled Afghanistan due to the harsh and discriminatory policies of Ameer Abdur Rahman.
Following the invasion of United States and its allied forces, Hazara people handed over their arms and ammunition under the process of “Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration” (DDR) with the hope that peace and tranquility have been established under the so-called US installed democracy and the country would not further plunge into lawlessness and chaos. Whereas the other ethnic groups did not demonstrate much interest in the disarmament process. Therefore the Hazaras are now the most vulnerable community in Afghanistan as they are not well equipped to defend their land and community and are merely living on the mercy of Afghan government to provide them protection.
The US and Afghan government so far have not only failed to safeguard the Afghan masses but President Ashraf Ghani looks busy in conspiracies that how to counter and weaken his political opponents. According to some analysts and Afghan politicians, the afghan government is in complicit with the terrorists in killing of its opponents and innocent people in the country. Serious questions are being raised that despite repeated request of officials in Mirza Olang village for further deployment of security forces and air support, the government did not only pay heeds to their request even with the passage of 48 hours that resulted into massacre of innocent and unarmed civilians but also detained the journalists in Sar-e-Pul province to stop them from covering the incident. It is being said that with the defeat of ISIS in Iraq and Syria at the hands of Iraqi and Syrian army with the open support of Russia and Iran, the group is seeking refugee to Afghanistan and is busy in recruiting local commanders and their men in different areas of the country. The group has claimed responsibility for several deadly attacks on Hazara ethnic group at Kabul, Mazar, Herat and other parts of the country resulted into killing of hundreds of people.
Russia and Iran have repeatedly been expressing their severe fear and concerns about the resurgent of ISIS at different occasions. ISIS militants have aggressively launched their activities in the northern provinces of Afghanistan, bordering central Asian countries, further fueling Russian concerns that the group has been made to counter Russia and its interests in the region. This deteriorating situation in Afghanistan compelled Russia and Iran to build efficient contacts with Taliban to re-counter their opponents’ designs.
Afghanistan particularly people of the north will experience further worst situation in coming days as the Afghan government and US are reluctant to launch successive operations against Islamic States in the Northern provinces. If the international community and neighboring countries cannot succeed in framing a clear road-map for enduring peace in the country, then the deteriorated situation will force the vulnerable ethnic groups and their leaders to make efficient arrangements to safeguard their communities from ISIS and like-minded groups. Such approach will lead the country into further lawlessness and chaos and later into an unannounced civil war on ethnic and sectarian lines that would endanger the very security of the Afghan state. | <urn:uuid:ea47d073-f38c-42ac-8e5d-203d4841d95d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://dialoguetimes.com/mirza-olang-massacre-worse-days-ahead-afghanistan-ishaq-ali/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141184870.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125213038-20201126003038-00580.warc.gz | en | 0.973464 | 919 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The Use of Language in 1984 and Animal Farm 12th Grade
The evolutionary aspect of the human race which sets it apart, in knowledge and complexity, from the rest of the animal kingdom, is its ability to express ideas through language. Arguably, our ability to manipulate language in order to negotiate, disseminate and create ideas, has allowed the human race to survive and prosper more than any other. And while it is often asserted that language is merely a tool to express our thoughts, language itself help conceptualize ideas. In addition to setting humans apart from the rest of the kingdom, it creates distinctions within classes of human society. George Orwell, an English novelist during the 20th century, discusses the importance of language in the social hierarchy of a society across his many eminent works. He posits that language factors into a society’s social hierarchy, an idea that manifests itself in two sub-arguments: that ruling powers can manipulate language to restrict thought, and that those without a strong understanding of language can easily be oppressed.
Orwell argues that language is a key component of thought; therefore, if language is manipulated in any way, will be compromised. In the novel 1984, one of Orwell’s key ideas is that language is a vital component of...
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Venice is a neighborhood of the city of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California.
Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.
In 1839, a region called La Ballona that included the southern parts of Venice, was granted by the Mexican government to Ygnacio and Augustin Machado and Felipe and Tomas Talamantes, giving them title to Rancho La Ballona. Later this became part of Port Ballona.
Venice, originally called "Venice of America", was founded by wealthy developer Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a beach resort town, west of Los Angeles. He and his partner Francis Ryan had bought of ocean-front property south of Santa Monica in 1891. They built a resort town on the north end of the property, called Ocean Park, which was soon annexed to Santa Monica. After Ryan died, Kinney and his new partners continued building south of Navy Street. After the partnership dissolved in 1904, Kinney, who had won the marshy land on the south end of the property in a coin flip with his former partners, began to build a seaside resort like the namesake Italian city.
When Venice of America opened on July 4, 1905, Kinney had dug several miles of canals to drain the marshes for his residential area, built a pier with an auditorium, ship restaurant, and dance hall, constructed a hot salt-water plunge, and built a block-long arcaded business street with Venetian architecture. Kinney hired artist Felix Peano to design the columns of the buildings. Included in the capitals are several faces, modeled after Kinney and a woman named Nettie Bouck.
Tourists, mostly arriving on the "Red Cars" of the Pacific Electric Railway from Los Angeles and Santa Monica, then rode the Venice Miniature Railway and gondolas to tour the town. The biggest attraction was Venice's gently-sloping beach. Cottages and housekeeping tents were available for rent.
The population (3,119 residents in 1910) soon exceeded 10,000; the town drew 50,000 to 150,000 tourists on weekends.
Attractions on the Kinney Pier became more amusement-oriented by 1910, when a Venice Miniature Railway, Aquarium, Virginia Reel, Whip, Racing Derby, and other rides and game booths were added. Since the business district was allotted only three one-block-long streets, and the City Hall was more than a mile away, other competing business districts developed. Unfortunately, this created a fractious political climate. Kinney, however, governed with an iron hand and kept things in check. When he died in November 1920, Venice became harder to govern. With the amusement pier burning six weeks later in December 1920, and Prohibition (which had begun the previous January), the town's tax revenue was severely affected.
The Kinney family rebuilt their amusement pier quickly to compete with Ocean Park's Pickering Pleasure Pier and the new Sunset Pier. When it opened it had two roller coasters, a new Racing Derby, a Noah's Ark, a Mill Chutes, and many other rides. By 1925, with the addition of a third coaster, a tall Dragon Slide, Fun House, and Flying Circus aerial ride, it was the finest amusement pier on the West Coast. Several hundred thousand tourists visited on weekends. In 1923, Charles Lick built the Lick Pier at Navy Street in Venice, adjacent to the Ocean Park Pier at Pier Avenue in Ocean Park. Another pier was planned for Venice in 1925 at Leona Street (now Washington Street). For the amusement of the public, Kinney hired aviators to do aerial stunts over the beach. One of them, movie aviator and Venice airport owner B. H. DeLay, implemented the first lighted airport in the United States on DeLay Field (previously known as Ince Field). After a marine rescue attempt was thwarted, he organized the first aerial police force in the nation. DeLay performed many of the world's first aerial stunts for motion pictures in Venice.
By 1925, Venice's politics had become unmanageable because its roads, water and sewage systems badly needed repair and expansion to keep up with its growing population. When it was proposed that Venice consolidate with Los Angeles, the board of trustees voted to hold an election. Consolidation was approved at the election in November 1925, and Venice was merged with Los Angeles in 1926.
Many streets were paved in 1929, following a three-year court battle led by canal residents. Afterward, the Department of Recreation and Parks intended to close three amusement piers, but had to wait until the first of the tidelands leases expired in 1946.
In 1929, oil was discovered south of Washington Street on the Venice Peninsula, now known as the Marina Peninsula neighborhood of Los Angeles. Within two years, 450 oil wells covered the area, and drilling waste clogged the remaining waterways. The short-lived boom provided needed income to the community, which otherwise suffered during the Great Depression. Most of the wells had been capped by the 1970s, and the last wells, near the Venice Pavilion, were capped in 1991.
After annexation, the city of Los Angeles showed little interest in maintaining the unusual neighborhood. Most of the canals were filled in and paved over, and the former lagoon became a traffic circle. The neighborhood lacked the automobile-centric, homogeneous character that the city sought to cultivate in the post-World War II era, and was perceived as a dated, obsolete remnant of earlier decades' land speculation.
Los Angeles had neglected Venice so long that, by the 1950s the neglect had led to the area being labeled the "Slum by the Sea". With the exception of new police and fire stations in 1930, the city spent little on improvements after annexation. The city did not pave Trolleyway (Pacific Avenue) until 1954 when county and state funds became available. Low rents for run-down bungalows attracted predominantly European immigrants (including a substantial number of Holocaust survivors) and young counterculture artists, poets, and writers. The Beat Generation hung out at the Gas House on Ocean Front Walk and at Venice West Cafe on Dudley.
Past gang activity
The Venice Shoreline Crips and the Latino Venice 13 (V-13) were the two main gangs active in Venice. V13 dates back to the 1950s, while the Shoreline Crips were founded in the early 1970s, making them one of the first Crip sets in Los Angeles. In the early 1990s, V-13 and the Shoreline Crips were involved in a fierce battle over crack cocaine sales territories.
By 2002, the numbers of gang members in Venice were reduced due to gentrification and increased police presence. According to a Los Angeles City Beat article, by 2003, many Los Angeles Westside gang members had resettled in the city of Inglewood.
As per a 2020 count, there were nearly 2,000 homeless people in Venice, up from 175 in 2014. Many of them take up residence in tents and tent cities. An LAPD official said that the increased homeless population has contributed to a spike in crimes in Venice in 2021, despite any statistically significant proof of correlation. In February 2020, the city opened a 154-bed transitional housing shelter at a former Metro bus yard.
City of Los Angeles
According to the City of Los Angeles, Venice is bounded to the north by Marine Court and Dewey Street (adjoining the City of Santa Monica). It extends in an irregular fashion from the Pacific Ocean eastward to Walgrove Avenue, Beethoven Street and Del Rey Avenue. It borders the Palms, Mar Vista, and Del Rey neighborhoods, parts of Culver City and Marina Del Rey.
According to the Venice Neighborhood Council, Venice consists of the eight existing neighborhoods listed in the Venice Specific Plan - Silver Strand, Oxford Triangle, Marina Peninsula, Silver Triangle, North Venice, South Venice, Presidents Row, Venice Canals, Oakwood, North OFW (Ocean Front Walk), NoRo (North of Rose Avenue) and Penmar - plus the additional neighborhood of East of Venice.
According to the Mapping L.A. project of the Los Angeles Times, Venice is adjoined on the northwest by Santa Monica, on the northeast by Mar Vista, on the southeast by Culver City, Del Rey and Marina Del Rey, on the south by Ballona Creek and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Venice is bounded on the northwest by the Santa Monica city line. The northern apex of the Venice neighborhood is at Walgrove Avenue and Rose Avenue, abutting the Santa Monica Airport. On the east, the boundary runs north–south on Walgrove Avenue to the neighborhood's eastern apex at Zanja Street, thus including the Penmar Golf Course but excluding Venice High School. The boundary runs on Lincoln Boulevard to Admiralty Way, excluding all of Marina del Rey, south to Ballona Creek.
Venice Canal Historic District
Abbot Kinney Boulevard
Abbott Kinney Boulevard is a principal attraction, with stores, restaurants, bars and art galleries lining the street. The street was described as "a derelict strip of rundown beach cottages and empty brick industrial buildings called West Washington Boulevard," and in the late 1980s community groups and property owners pushed for renaming a portion of the street to honor Abbot Kinney. The renaming was widely considered as a marketing strategy to commercialize the area and bring new high-end businesses to the area.
Venice Farmers Market
Founded in 1987, the farmers market operates every Friday from 7 am to 11 am on Venice Boulevard at Venice Way.
72 Market Street Oyster Bar and Grill
72 Market Street Oyster Bar and Grill was one of several historical footnotes associated with Market Street in Venice, one of the first streets designated for commerce when the city was founded in 1905. During the depression era, Upton Sinclair had an office there when he was running for governor, and the same historic building where the restaurant was located was also the site of the first Ace/Venice Gallery in the early 1970s.
Historic post office
The Venice Post Office, a red-tile-roofed 1939 Works Progress Administration building designed by Louis A. Simon on Windward Circle, featured one of two remaining murals painted in 1941 by Modernist artist Edward Biberman. Developer Abbot Kinney is in the center surrounded by beachgoers in old-fashioned bathing suits, men in overalls, and a wooden roller coaster representing the Venice Pier on one side with contrasting industrial oil derricks that were once ubiquitous in the area on the other side. Senior curator of American Art at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Ilene Susan Fort, said this is one of the better New Deal murals both artistically and historically. Although it contains brightly colored elements with amusing details, the intrusion of the ominous oil rigs and wells was very relevant at the time.
After the post office closed in 2012, movie producer Joel Silver unveiled plans to purchase it for 7.5 million and revamp the building as the new headquarters of his company, Silver Pictures. The sale included the stipulation that he, or any future owner, preserve the New Deal-era murals and allow public access. Restoration of the nearly pristine mural took over a year and cost about $100,000. LACMA highlighted the mural with an exhibit that displayed additional Biberman artworks, rare historical documents and Venice ephemera with the restored mural. Silver has a long-term lease on the mural that is still owned by the US Postal Service. In May 2019, according to the Hollywood Reporter, Silver sold the building for 22.5 million to U.K. investor Alex Dellal and his real estate group founded by Jack Dellal. Status of the planned renovation remains subject to further approvals. The mural's whereabouts are unknown, putting the lessee in violation of the lease agreement's public access requirement.
Residences and streets
Many of Venice's houses have their principal entries from pedestrian-only streets and have house numbers on these footpaths. (Automobile access is by alleys in the rear.) The inland walk streets are made up primarily of around 620 single-family homes. Like much of the rest of Los Angeles, however, Venice is known for traffic congestion. It lies away from the nearest freeway, and its unusually dense network of narrow streets was not planned for modern traffic.
Venice Beach, which receives millions of visitors a year, has been labeled as "a cultural hub known for its eccentricities" as well as a "global tourist destination". It includes the promenade that runs parallel to the beach, the Venice Beach Boardwalk, Muscle Beach, and the Venice Beach Recreation Center with handball courts, paddle tennis courts, a skate dancing plaza, and numerous beach volleyball courts. It also includes a bike trail and many businesses on Ocean Front Walk.
The basketball courts in Venice are renowned across the country for their high level of streetball; numerous professional basketball players developed their games or have been recruited on these courts.
Venice Beach will host skateboarding and 3x3 basketball during the 2028 Summer Olympics.
Along the southern portion of the beach, at the end of Washington Boulevard, is the 'Venice Fishing Pier'. A concrete structure, it first opened in 1964, was closed in 1983 due to El Niño storm damage, and re-opened in the mid-1990s. On December 21, 2005, the pier again suffered damage when waves from a large northern swell caused part of it to fall into the ocean. The pier remained closed until May 25, 2006, when it was re-opened after an engineering study concluded that it was structurally sound.
The Venice Breakwater is an acclaimed local surf spot in Venice. It is located north of the Venice Pier and lifeguard headquarters and south of the Santa Monica Pier. This spot is sheltered on the north by an artificial barrier, the breakwater, consisting of an extending sand bar, piping, and large rocks at its end.
In late 2010, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors conducted a $1.6 million replacement of 30,000 cubic yards of sand at Venice Beach eroded by rainstorms in recent years. Although Venice Beach is located in the city of Los Angeles, the county is responsible for maintaining the beach under an agreement reached between the two governments in 1975.
Oakwood lies inland from the tourist areas and is one of the few historically African-American areas in West Los Angeles.
East of Lincoln
East of Lincoln is separated from Oakwood by Lincoln Boulevard. It extends east to the border with Mar Vista. Aside from the commercial strip on Lincoln (including the Venice Boys and Girls Club and the Venice United Methodist Church), the area almost entirely consists of small homes and apartments as well as Penmar Park and (bordering Santa Monica) Penmar Golf Course.
A housing project, Lincoln Place Apartment Homes, built by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles, is currently undergoing a $140 million renovation to add 99 new market-rate apartment homes and to update the remaining 696 existing homes. A new pool, two-story fitness center, resident park and sustainable landscaping are being added. Aimco, which acquired the property in 2003, had previously been in a legal battle to determine whether or not Lincoln Place could be demolished and rebuilt. In 2010, Aimco settled with tenants and agreed to reopen the project and return scores of evicted residents to their homes and add hundreds of units to the Venice area.
Like much of the rest of coastal southern California, Venice has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Temperatures are moderate all year, and the neighborhood boasts over 300 sunshine days per year. As a result of seasonal lag, fall is usually warmer than spring in Venice. Because of its coastal location, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May and June, but occasionally July and August, as well. Los Angeles residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the "May Gray", the "June Gloom", "No-Sky July" and "Fogust"; during these events, the fog will usually burn off by noon, but the fog may also stick around all day. The all-time record high of 110 °F (43 °C) was observed on September 27, 2010, while the all-time record low is 32 °F (0 °C), observed on January 14, 2007. Venice is in USDA plant hardiness zone 10b.
The 2000 U.S. census counted 37,705 residents in the 3.17-square-mile Venice neighborhood—an average of 11,891 people per square mile, about the norm for Los Angeles; in 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 40,885. The median age for residents was 35, considered the average for Los Angeles; the percentages of residents aged 19 through 49 were among the county's highest.
The ethnic breakdown was 64.2% Non-Hispanic White, 21.7% Latino (of any racial origin); 5.4% African American; 4.1% Asian, and 4.6% of other origins. About 22.3% of residents had been born abroad, a relatively low figure for Los Angeles; Mexico (38.4%) and the United Kingdom (8.5%) were their most common places of birth.
Forty-nine percent of Venice residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a high figure for both the city and the county. The percentages of residents of that age with a bachelor's degree or a master's degree was considered high for the county.
The median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $67,647, a high figure for Los Angeles. The percentage of households earning $125,000 was considered high for the city. The average household size of 1.9 people was low for both the city and the county. Renters occupied 68.8% of the housing stock and house- or apartment owners held 31.2%. Property values have been increasing lately due to the presence of technology companies such as Google Inc. (which in 2011 began leasing 100,000 square feet of space in Venice) and Snap Inc. (which formerly leased property on Market Street and Abbot Kinney).
The percentages of never-married men (51.3%), never-married women (40.6%), divorced men (11.3%) and divorced women (15.9%) were among the county's highest. The percentage of veterans who had served during the Vietnam War was among the county's highest.
Arts and culture
Venice has been known as a preferred location for creative artists. In the 1950s and 1960s, Venice became a center for the Beat generation and there was an explosion of poetry and art, which continues today. Major writers and artists throughout the decades have included Stuart Perkoff, John Thomas, Frank T. Rios, Tony Scibella, Lawrence Lipton, John Haag, Saul White, Robert Farrington, Philomene Long, and Tom Sewell.
Originally established as a planned city imitating Venice, Italy, Venice is home to a large number of early 1900s buildings built in to emulate Italian renaissance architecture. Particularly along Windward Avenue, where an arched arcade covers the sidewalks on portions of both sides of the street. Similar buildings originally formed a continuous arcade from the boardwalk to the former lagoon (now the Windward traffic circle) but these were condemned by the City of Los Angeles after annexation. Only through the efforts of local preservationists were the few buildings that remain able to be preserved, although many were substantially modified.
Designers Charles and Ray Eames had their offices at the Bay Cities Garage on Abbot Kinney Boulevard from 1943 on, when it was still part of Washington Boulevard; Eames products were also manufactured there until the 1950s. The brick building's interior was redesigned by Frank Israel in 1990 as a creative workspace, opening up the interior and creating sightlines all the way through the building.
Originally located at the Venice home of Pritzker Prize–winning architect and SCI-Arc founder Thom Mayne, the Architecture Gallery was in existence for just ten weeks in 1979 and featured new work by then-emerging architects Frank Gehry, Eric Owen Moss, and Morphosis. Constructed on a long, narrow lot in 1981, the Indiana Avenue Houses/Arnoldi Triplex was designed Frank Gehry in partnership with artists Laddie John Dill and Charles Arnoldi. Frank Gehry has designed several well-known houses in Venice, including the Jane Spiller House (completed 1979) and the Norton House (completed 1984) on Venice Beach. In 1994, sculptor Robert Graham designed a fortress-like art studio and residence for himself and his wife, actress Anjelica Huston, on Windward Avenue.
In the 1970s, performance artist Chris Burden created some of his early, groundbreaking work in Venice. Other notable artists who maintained studios in the area include Charles Arnoldi, Jean-Michel Basquiat, John Baldessari, Larry Bell, Billy Al Bengston, James Georgopoulos, Dennis Hopper, and Ed Ruscha. Organized by the Hammer Museum over the course of one weekend in 2012, the open-air Venice Beach Biennial (in reference to the Venice Biennale in Italy) brought together 87 artists, including site-specific projects by established artists like Evan Holloway, Barbara Kruger as well as boardwalk veteran Arthure Moore. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Venice Beach boardwalk became a mecca for street performances, turning it into a popular tourist attraction. Chainsaw jugglers, break dance
Venice Boardwalk murals
The Venice Beach boardwalk area is known for its many famous murals by local artists, including Rip Cronk, Jonas Never, and Levi Ponce. The following is a list of the most notable and iconic boardwalk murals:
Venice Public Art Walls
The Venice Art Walls were built in 1961 as part of the Venice Pavilion, a recreation and performing arts facility. It was a popular hangout spot for locals owing to its proximity to the beach and large number of concrete tables. The central area of the pavilion, known as "the pit" was surrounded by flat concrete walls that made for ideal painting surfaces. The pit became a hotbed of the growing graffiti movement in Los Angeles in the 1970s and 1980s, with many prominent artists and graffiti crews painting elaborate pieces on the pavilions walls. The area's thriving counterculture and arts scene, along with law enforcement's general neglect of the area made it an ideal location for artists to paint. Thirty-eight years later the Venice Pavilion was torn down but some of the walls, along with two large, conical concrete structures, were maintained. They were restored in 2000 as part of a renovation of the beachfront park area at the end of Windward Avenue, and ever since artists have been allowed to paint there freely and legally.
Venice was where rock band The Doors were formed in 1965 by UCLA alumni Ray Manzarek and Jim Morrison. The Doors would go on to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Morrison being considered one of the greatest rock frontmen. Venice is the birthplace of Jane's Addiction in the 1980s. Perry Farrell, frontman and founder of Lollapalooza, was a longtime Venice resident until 2010.
Venice in the 1980s also had bands playing music known as crossover thrash, a hardcore punk/thrash metal musical hybrid. The most notable of these bands is Suicidal Tendencies. Other Venice bands such as Beowülf, No Mercy, and Excel were also featured on the compilation album Welcome to Venice.
Recreation and parks
The Venice Beach Recreation Center comprises a number of facilities. The installation has basketball courts (unlighted/outdoor), several children play areas with a gymnastics apparatus, chess tables, handball courts (unlighted), paddle tennis courts (unlighted), and volleyball courts (unlighted). At the south end of the area is the muscle beach outdoor gymnasium. In March 2009, the city opened a sophisticated $2 million skate park, the Venice Beach Skate Park, on the sand towards the north. The Graffiti Walls are on the beach side of the bike path in the same vicinity.
The Oakwood Recreation Center, which also acts as a Los Angeles Police Department stop-in center, includes an auditorium, an unlighted baseball diamond, lighted indoor basketball courts, unlighted outdoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted American football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, and an unlighted soccer field.
The Westminster Off-Leash Dog Park is located in Venice.
Venice is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles represented by District 11 on the Los Angeles City Council. City services are provided by the city of Los Angeles. There is a Venice Neighborhood Council that advises the LA City Council on local issues.
County, state, and federal representation
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Venice.
The United States Postal Service operates the Venice Post Office at 1601 Main Street and the Venice Carrier Annex at 313 Grand Boulevard.
The schools within Venice are as follows:
The Los Angeles Public Library operates the Venice–Abbot Kinney Memorial Branch.
The Los Angeles Fire Department operates Station 63, which serves Venice with two engines, a truck, and an ALS rescue ambulance.
The Los Angeles Police Department serves the area through the Pacific Community Police Station as well as a beach sub-station.
Los Angeles County Lifeguards
Venice Beach is the headquarters of the Los Angeles County Lifeguards of the Los Angeles County Fire Department. It is located at 2300 Ocean Front Walk. It is the nation's largest ocean lifeguard organization with over 200 full-time and 700 part-time or seasonal lifeguards. The headquarters building used to be the City of Los Angeles Lifeguard Headquarters until Los Angeles City and Santa Monica Lifeguards were merged into the County in 1975.
The Los Angeles County Lifeguards safeguard of beach and of coastline, from San Pedro in the south, to Malibu in the north. Lifeguards also provide paramedic and rescue boat services to Catalina Island, with operations out of Avalon and the Isthmus.
Lifeguard Division employs 120 full-time and 600 seasonal lifeguards, operating out of three sectional headquarters, Hermosa, Santa Monica, and Zuma beach. Each of these headquarters staffs a 24-hour EMT-D response unit and are part of the 911 system. In addition to providing for beach safety, Los Angeles County Lifeguards have specialized training for Baywatch rescue boat operations, underwater rescue and recovery, swiftwater rescue, cliff rescue, marine mammal rescue and marine firefighting.
In popular culture
Venice has been the location of numerous movies, TV shows, and video games. Common locations for filming include the piers, skate park, restaurant, canals, boardwalk, and the schools.
Some productions include the following:
This page uses material from the Wikipedia article Venice, CA, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. Township-6t4ab-c4u-75d-ef78-iy9 | <urn:uuid:11f711c5-2155-4ce0-b43c-97cdaa7bf284> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://agreatertown.com/venice_ca | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949355.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330163823-20230330193823-00592.warc.gz | en | 0.968428 | 5,804 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Originally a report for the course “Clinical neuro-cognitive research: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation” given by Paul Taylor in the WS of 2012/2013 at the LMU in Munich. After spending quite a lot of time writing it I thought it would be a pity not to at least publish it at my blog and at Academia.edu🙂
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurostimulation and neuromodulation technique that induces electric field in the brain based on Faraday’s principle of electro-magnetic induction and thus interferes with the neural processing. Although its roots stem to the first half of the 19th century, the first successful stimulation of the human cortex was performed in 1985 by Barker (Barker, Jalinous, & Freeston, 1985). Since then, the number of published papers reporting the use of TMS has been increasing rapidly (Rossi, Hallett, Rossini, & Pascual-Leone, 2009). Despite the growing popularity of the method, the mechanisms by which it influences brain activity are not completely understood. This review gives a brief overview of the recent theories and the supporting evidence. However, the main focus of this review is the use of TMS as a research tool in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. I will try to illustrate the broad possibilities of application of TMS in these fields, what questions it could answer, how this technique could be combined with neuroimaging, and discuss the safety considerations related to the use of TMS in non-clinical settings. | <urn:uuid:31bf420c-1b3d-4834-ba85-55f016ee3c0b> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.ondrejhavlicek.com/tag/tms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211935.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817084620-20180817104620-00141.warc.gz | en | 0.943522 | 325 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Displaying 1 - 8 of 207
Stressful life circumstances can affect how married couples interact, but can they affect how partners see each other? A person experiencing stress is more likely to notice their spouse’s negative behavior than positive
New research shows that the crises that took place in 2020 may have harmed the social development of young adults at a critical time in life.
Interpersonal rejection can motivate people who do not normally worry about disease to protect themselves against COVID-19.
Rich People From Humble Origins Are Less Sensitive to the Challenges of Poverty Than Those Born Rich, Research Finds
People who become wealthy in the United States may tend to boast of their humble beginnings, but new research finds that they may, in fact, be less sympathetic to the difficulties of being poor than those who were born rich.
New research reveals that members of the U.S. Congress are less civil on Twitter now than they were at the start of the Obama administration.
Children see eating meat as less morally acceptable than adults do, according to new research in Social Psychological and Personality Science. This work demonstrates that humans are not born with the mental processes used to justify eating meat.
Women in sexual relationships with men may change their own sexual behavior in an effort to protect their partners’ perceived manhood, a new study finds.
As Congress continues to investigate the events of Jan. 6, psychologists examine how online communities can foster radical thoughts and intentions. | <urn:uuid:122acfad-e26c-40d6-a380-ef253f7b054a> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://spsp.org/news?type%5B7%5D=7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335365.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929194230-20220929224230-00114.warc.gz | en | 0.962506 | 300 | 2.609375 | 3 |
“The failure to ensure safe water supply and sanitation and the rapidity with which we degrade the environment through air and water pollutants greatly threatens human health and contributes to a high death toll across all ages. The poorest victims, however, are the children.”
In the Philippines, 25 million people do not have access to basic sanitation services and another 13 million lack access to clean water. The costs associated with these disadvantages are huge: disease is rampant, death not uncommon and over $280 million USD in medical expenses and lost income. Attempts are being made by the government to reduce these numbers, following the Millennium Development Goal, but it appears unlikely to be met by 2015. Women and children are the primary fetchers of water, resulting in their continued inability to bring themselves or their families out of poverty if they must constantly be searching for clean water.
You can read the entirety of the article here. | <urn:uuid:bd15eac9-6125-480c-b471-4f27cfa2ded1> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://womensearthalliance.org/wea-voices/philippines-struggle-supply-basic-needs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525659.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20190718145614-20190718171614-00386.warc.gz | en | 0.965627 | 183 | 3.0625 | 3 |
17 May On This Day in UB History: May 17 (Slavery and Alcohol)
Historian A. W. Drury wrote of the early United Brethren leaders, “They had not started out to reform the world, but to help to save it.” But by the time General Conference ended on May 17, 1821, we had waded deep into the waters of social action.
The delegates took strong stands against two evils in society: slavery, and alcohol. In both cases, they were ahead of their time.
Regarding slavery, there were people who would use the Bible to claim slavery was a divine institution. On the other side were abolitionists, who viewed slavery as evil and wanted to see it vanquished. The United Brethren church was firmly abolitionist, and never waivered from that.
The 1821 General Conference passed a lengthy resolution which began, “Resolved, That no slavery, in whatever form it may exist, and in no sense of the word, shall be permitted or tolerated in our Church.”
The resolution said any UB members who held slaves couldn’t continue as members, and laid out some conditions for freeing the slaves. In the years ahead, additional statements made out stand increasingly tough. We took a stand and pursued it relentlessly.
UB historian John Lawrence wrote, “On no subject have the United Brethren in Christ preserved a cleaner record than on the subject of slavery.” He said other church groups had moderated their anti-slavery stands during the first couple decades of the 1800s, probably because they had churches in both the North and South. But, he said, “The United Brethren in Christ have firmly, and almost alone, maintained theirs.”
A statement against slavery remained in our Discipline until 1945, when we replaced it with a statement on “Human Relations.” Our Constitution still has a statement against any kind of “involuntary servitude.”
Regarding alcohol: the 1821 General Conference prohibited UB members from operating a distillery, and instructed preachers to “labor against the evils of intemperance.” To that point, wrote John Lawrence, only one other ecclesiastical group had taken action against alcohol—a Unitarian group, in 1811, which had little influence beyond New England.
In 1826, five years after we took a stand, the American Temperance Society formed and other evangelical denominations entered the fray. We, wrote Lawrence with mixed metaphors, “were among the pioneers in the temperance movement, and have always fought in the advanced columns.”
The 1841 General Conference adopted a statement requiring that all UB members—both ministers and laypersons—totally abstain from drinking alcohol. That remained the Law of UB Land until 2005, when we said laypersons could drink alcohol. | <urn:uuid:4170df8d-49e9-46f5-887f-345b6579d398> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://ubcentral.org/2017/05/17/on-this-day-in-ub-history-may-17-slavery-and-alcohol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867311.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526053929-20180526073929-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.975677 | 595 | 3.078125 | 3 |
CORONAVIRUS AND POLIO
The following guidance has been released by our Expert Panel in relation to Polio/PPS and the current outbreak of Covid-19
In the last months the coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged world-wide. This is a new virus that can affect your lungs and airways and cause significant illness. For most people, it will be quite mild, but as most polio survivors in the UK are over 70 years old they are more at risk of being severely ill if they contract coronavirus disease. Please be very careful to follow the government advice and stay safe.
As a community of people living with a long term condition, many polio survivors are asking questions about what it means for them. The expert panel produces advice on polio and PPS; on the coronavirus we recommend members follow the official government advice. This article summarises the latest NHS and government information at the time of writing (29th March 2020). It is not possible to reprint everything, but for our members who do not use the internet, this contains the main points.
For the more complete and the most recent information, the best websites are the NHS (https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/), and the UK government (https://www.gov.uk/coronavirus). If you cannot access the internet, try and find a family member or friend who can as this is where the best information will be.
Polio and coronavirus
As polio survivors, we are not more likely to catch coronavirus disease, but as most people who had polio in the UK are over 70 years old, if they do catch the virus they are at increased risk of being severely ill. It is important that they be particularly careful about following the government advice and social distancing steps.
Polio survivors who had or currently have breathing muscle involvement are at higher risk if they contract any respiratory infection.
Underlying medical conditions can increase the risk of more serious illness; the list on the government website includes chronic respiratory disease, chronic heart, kidney or liver disease, chronic neurological conditions and being seriously overweight (BMI over 40).
The people considered to be at the very highest risk and extremely vulnerable are those with compromised immune systems or severe respiratory conditions; for example having had a solid organ transplant, certain types of cancer treatments, cystic fibrosis or severe COPD. People in this group are to be contacted by letter before the end of March. The additional advice for people in this group is to stay at home at all times (also called 'shielding').
We know of no evidence of polio survivors having weakened immune systems as a result of contracting polio.
So what to do:
• As the majority of our members are over 60 years old, and two thirds over 70, we are at higher risk from serious illness if we contract coronavirus. Therefore, we need to be particularly stringent in following the government and NHS advice
• If you think you have coronavirus (see box), to protect yourself and others, stay at home (self-isolate). The current advice is to stay at home for 7 days from the start of symptoms. On day 8 if you no longer have a fever, you are probably no longer infectious. To be cautious, wait at least 2 days after your temperature has settled. The cough can linger on for many weeks.
• If you live with someone who develops symptoms, you should self isolate for 14 days from the start of those symptoms in case you also become ill.
• If you don't have symptoms, the advice for everybody now is to stay at home except for food shopping, exercise, medical need or absolutely necessary work travel (see box). When out, follow the social distancing rules
o keep a distance of 6 feet from other people
• follow the guidance on handwashing and respiratory hygiene (see box)
• A small number of polio survivors will have severe respiratory difficulties or other conditions in the extremely vulnerable group. If you are in this group, you are strongly advised to stay at home at all times - if you haven't received the letter from the NHS to extremely vulnerable people by the 29th March 2020 or been contacted by your GP or hospital, or you think you fall into this category for other reasons, you should discuss your concerns with your GP or hospital clinician.
• People who are on NIV/BIPAP should contact their respiratory team for advice on cleaning their tubing, their level of risk or their need for shielding.
• Oddly, this a an unusual time where doing nothing (staying at home) will save lives
Stay sane - it is a very challenging time and coronavirus messages are everywhere, often with little new information. Perhaps watch only one new bulletin a day, in the evening with the fullest report. Keep in contact with friends and family, online, on the phone, or even letters!! Get fresh air and sunshine when you can, eat a healthy diet, and follow what accessible activity or exercise that keeps you mobile.
Ask for help if you need it - wise words from a polio colleague;
"I know how independent we polio disabled people like to be, but at this time it is important to remember that it is not a weakness to ask for help. In fact it takes courage and we all have courage which is how we survived polio. So please ask for help if you need it"
We know that many of our members were isolated and less mobile before this outbreak. Some may have difficulty getting shopping even with the special access hours in some shops. Local BPF groups have done amazing work over the years in their communities. This is now a time where local community is as important as national organisations. I am sure many are already working hard to help polio survivors in this new challenge. Are there any ideas you can share to others on checking on nearby polio survivors? Or to organise shopping or other support?
The most common symptoms of coronavirus - from NHS.uk
a high temperature – this means you feel hot to touch on your chest or back (you do not need to measure your temperature)
a new, continuous cough – this means coughing a lot for more than an hour, or 3 or more coughing episodes in 24 hours (if you usually have a cough, it may be worse than usual)
To protect others, do not go to places like a GP surgery, pharmacy or hospital. Stay at home.
Use the 111 online coronavirus service to find out what to do.
Coronavirus (COVID-19): what you need to do - from gov.uk for everyone (29th March)
Stay at home
Only go outside for food, health reasons or essential work
• Stay 2 metres (6ft) away from other people
• Wash your hands as soon as you get home
• Anyone can spread the virus.
You should only leave the house for one of four reasons.
● Shopping for basic necessities, for example food and medicine, which must be as infrequent as
● One form of exercise a day, for example a run, walk, or cycle - alone or with members of your
● Any medical need, or to provide care or to help a vulnerable person.
● Travelling to and from work, but only where this absolutely cannot be done from home.
Full guidance -
Handwashing and respiratory hygiene
There are general principles you can follow to help prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, including:
• Washing your hands more often - with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use a hand sanitiser. Key times: when you get home or into work, when you blow your nose, sneeze or cough, before eating or handling food, after using the toilet, after contact with pets, before and after providing routine care for another person who needs assistance
• avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands
• avoid close contact with people who have symptoms
• cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in a bin and wash your hands
• clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces in the home (tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, taps, and sinks, doorbells)
other things that might help
o The use of hand sanitisers is recommended when you cannot get access to running water and soap
o be cautious about deliveries as the virus can stay active on many surfaces for a long time- clean where possible, if you have space and it is not a trip hazard, leave them to one side for as long as you can, wash your hands after handling any newly delivered item
o Be kind to your hands - we are going to be washing them a lot and doing a great deal more cleaning - moisturise if they get dry or cracked to keep the skin in good health. | <urn:uuid:a8b47d14-d2d4-4137-97e0-ce6f7ed36af2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.britishpolio.org.uk/copy-of-covid-19-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141708017.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202113815-20201202143815-00234.warc.gz | en | 0.955962 | 1,848 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Near the Turkish west coast situated between Troy and Ephesos, and set in all its glory, is one of the most famous and well preserved ancient cities of this region, Pergamon. Above the fertile plains and city of Bergama, cliffs towering up to more than three hundred metres high were inhabited by the Aeolean Greeks eight centuries Before Christ. In the Hellenic era it was an ancient cosmopolitan city the traces of which are still discernable today.
When Athens had lost its political supremacy in the second century BC, Pergamon and Alexandria became the new rival powers of the ancient world. Their rulers also began to compete in both art and science, a fact that led to much progress.
In 41 BC the largest collection of two hundred thousand pergaments was relocated to the Library of Alexandria as a wedding present from Marc Antony to Cleopatra, where it was later destroyed by fire.
Pergamon is indeed a wonder of an age of wonder!
Global Treasures - History's Most Protected Monuments - Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa's Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world's heritage. Join us as we explore one of these protected monuments. | <urn:uuid:21d74821-af83-4e99-9335-c38cf53f22cd> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.travelvideostore.com/europe/global-treasures-pergamon-turkey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394021791079/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305121631-00067-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966701 | 308 | 2.875 | 3 |
Agriculture accounts for about 6 percent of total heat-trapping emissions in the United States, and beef production alone accounts for 2.2 percent of the total—roughly the equivalent of the annual emissions of 24 million cars or light trucks, or 33 average-sized coal-fired power plants. So while the emissions contribution of beef production may sound small, it is not an insignificant part of the problem.
The good news is that beef production can also be part of the solution. A February 2011 Union of Concerned Scientists report, Raising the Steaks: Global Warming and Pasture-Raised Beef Production in the United States, looks at ways pasture-based beef producers could lower their climate emissions and take greater advantage of pastures’ capacity to remove heat-trapping carbon from the atmosphere and store it in soil.
The problem: methane and nitrous oxide
Cattle produce large quantities of methane, a potent heat-trapping gas, in their digestive tracts; manure also emits small quantities of methane. Emissions of another heat-trapping gas, nitrous oxide, are produced by manure and by nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil. On the positive side of the ledger, pasture plants are much better than grain crops such as corn when it comes to removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing—or sequestering—it in soil.
Climate-friendly beef production practices reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions while increasing carbon sequestration.
Photo: N. Wade Snyder, USDA-ARS
Reducing methane emissions
One way to reduce methane emissions is to increase the nutritional quality and digestibility of forage—the plants cattle eat while on pasture. The report suggests several strategies to improve forage quality:
- Increase the percentage of legumes in forage mixtures
- Avoid the use of low-quality, mature pasture crops for grazing
- Breed better pasture species to improve nutritional quality
- Plant birdsfoot trefoil (a legume that produces condensed tannins, which can reduce both emissions and disease risk)
Climate-friendly pasture management
The way pastures are managed can play an important role in mitigating climate impact. The report offers some suggestions for climate-friendly pasture management:
- Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer to curb nitrous oxide emissions
- Use moderate stocking densities (number of cattle per acre) to avoid excessive manure buildup and allow pastures to recover from grazing
- Prevent overgrazing to increase carbon sequestration
- Move water and shelter sources to ensure that manure is spread more evenly
- Use nitrification inhibitors—chemicals that prevent the microbial processes that change ammonia to nitrous oxide—to reduce nitrous oxide emissions on urine patches
Photo: Dave Hughes
Pasture finishing vs. CAFOs: It’s complicated
Research shows that pasture finishing has nutritional advantages, and that CAFOs (confined animal feeding operations) come with serious environmental costs. But is pasture more climate-friendly? The answer, according to the report, is “it depends.”
The grain-based feeds used in CAFOs produce more rapid weight gain than pasture forage, with fewer calories lost to methane emissions. However, high-quality forage—especially when grown on high-quality land—can minimize the climate emissions advantage of grain. And pasture finishing has other climate advantages, including the ability to sequester more carbon than grain crops.
Toward better beef: recommendations
Public investment in improved practices can reduce the climate impact of beef production. The report suggests a three-pronged approach:
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) should expand its research on global warming emissions from pasture beef production.
- The USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) should provide financial incentives and technical assistance to beef producers who want to adopt improved practices.
- University extension services should advise and train beef producers on climate-friendly practices. | <urn:uuid:abb60b5e-97e3-45ea-8b9d-d1309c229a00> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/solutions/advance-sustainable-agriculture/global-warming-and-beef-production.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999948.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625213113-20190625235113-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.915617 | 808 | 3.546875 | 4 |
|UPPER (TOP) OF A PARTIAL LOG REPLACED BY MICROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ (PETRIFIED WOOD) WITH VARIOUS INTRUDING STRUCTURES. ARE THESE TUBES PRIMARY OR SECONDARY?|
In a blog on August 11, I reported on the existence of a quite large piece of mammillary chalcedony observed during a trip to South Park Basin, Colorado. The blog also contained information about the geology/formation of the Park so that will not be repeated here.
The northern part of the Park (north of US 24) has numerous mountain ranges in the east such as the Kenosha and Tarryall Mountains where the bed rock is generally Precambrian in age. On the western flank rocks of Paleozoic age front the Mosquito Range. South of the highway the landforms are more subdued and a wide variety of Cenozoic, volcanic-related rocks overlie Mesozoic bedrock; however, the Mesozoic rocks often crop out in north northwest trending ridges (easily seen near Hartsel and extending north) (Scarbrough, 2001 ). My interest, in various collecting trips to South Park, has generally been in the southwestern part of the Basin where Scarbrough (2001) has outlined the Cenozoic history as follows:
Middle Tertiary erosion, then deposition of lake beds, volcanism in the form of lavas and extensive airfall deposits, igneous intrusions, and fluvial deposits.
Deposition associated with Holocene fluvial systems.
One of the best-known volcanic-associated units is a formation usually mapped as the Florissant Lake Beds. These beds crop out near Lake George and represent deposition is a basin partially occupied by a late Oligocene Lake. Thousands of fossil plants and insects (and various other vertebrates and invertebrates) have been extracted from these beds and have produced a wonderful snapshot of life during this time period. Today, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument preserves several of the outcrops.
Heading south from Hartsel on CO 9 and 53 Rd, the Antero Formation of Oligocene age (probably equivalent to Florissant Lake Beds) crops out. However, good exposures are somewhat rare since the rocks are highly weathered at the surface; the landscape is a gently rolling surface. But, a little prospecting and walking will likely produce specimens of petrified wood. In fact, I was able to even locate wood in ditches along a gravel road. However, a word of caution---the land ownership situation in South Park is a jumble of Colorado State land, BLM land, and private land. In fact, a representative from a federal agency told me that the only way for a novice (like me) to determine land ownership was to take my GPS, get a latitude and longitude reading, and compare such with a federal data base. An easier way is probably to visit with the ranchers and request permission to prospect.
The Antero Formation is a clastic and volcaniclastic unit that contains water-laid ash, air-fall tuff, siltstone, sandstone, and algal limestone and …contains fossil plants, insects, mollusks, and vertebrates (Epis and others, 1979; Scarbrough, 2001). A number of writers have noted the presence of petrified wood in South Park, perhaps beginning with Orvando Hollister in 1867: This Park has salt springs, beds of gypsum, coal shales, veins of chalcedony, carnelian, and other curious stones and minerals. It has not been thoroughly explored and no one fully knows its resources or curiosities. Silicified wood abounds in its lower portion, and at one point, about 30 miles west of Pike’s Peak, there is a small patch of petrified stumps still standing, one of which is fifteen feet in diameter [now Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument].
Although I saw much wood in the area, one particular partial log really attracted my attention, mainly for its seemingly internal structures—as seen on the photo. I don’t know what these structures represent but could guess they might be some sort of activities related to insects. I am hoping that someone in cyber world will notice these structures and help me out!
A more detailed account of South Park geology, and the petrified wood and chalcedony, will appear in the CSMS Pick & Pack (probably September)
Epis, R.C., Wobus, R.A., and Scott, G.R., 1979, Geologic Map of the Guffey Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1180.
Hollister, O. J., 1867, The Mines of Colorado: Samuel Bowles & Company, Springfield, MA. reprinted 1974, Promontory Press, New York.
Scarbrough, Jr., L. A., geology and Mineral Resources of Park County, Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey Resource Series 40.
Wallace, C. A., J. A. Cappa and A.D. Lawson, 1999, Geologic Map of the Gribbles Park Quadrangle, Park and Fremont Counties, Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-3 (with map). | <urn:uuid:84c89b9f-023b-4c0b-9c36-b88bcbd41f29> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://csmsgeologypost.blogspot.com/2012_08_27_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174167.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00548-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928162 | 1,124 | 2.984375 | 3 |
(by Hiroshi Motoyama)
Excerpts from chapter 1 of his book Science and the Evolution of Consciousness - Chakras, Ki, and Psi (1978)
Scientist explore the diversity of life; mystics experience the unity. The aim is knowledge, and both groups expend a tremendous amount of effort to reach their goal. Each discipline demands highly sophisticated methods, years of training, and finely honed tools – requirements of the quest to understand the essential nature of reality.
In earlier civilizations, such as classical Greece or ancient China, mystics and scientists were neither separate nor antagonistic. But during the succeeding centuries, particularly in the West, the two groups diverged, to the point where they became mutually exclusive. Unity and diversity, spirit and matter, mind and body were split.
One of the more exciting aspects of the present age is that these traditions are beginning to reconverge. Advances in the natural sciences and the increasing accessibility of information about the mystic experience are forcing the two groups to take notice of each other again, with growing respect. Evidence is accumulating which indicates that the most advanced scientific and mystical characterizations of reality validate, rather than negate, each other. And the likelihood of ever-deepening cooperation between the two schools opens vast new frontiers of investigation, promising an enormous leap in humanity's understanding of itself and the reality of which it is a part.
Beginning with the Greek atomists, who formally insisted that spirit and matter are separate, scientific exploration has focused solely on the material world, the world perceived by the senses. The realm of spirit was left to philosophers and the church, which exerted widespread control over all aspects of culture throughout the Middle Ages and held that knowledge of the physical dimension is unimportant. The growth of the natural sciences was therefore fairly stagnant until the Renaissance, when people began to struggle to throw off the decidedly repressive attitude fostered by papal dominance.
This shift saw the birth of modern science, a new science which took basic nourishment from the philosophy of René Descartes and the physics of Isaac Newton. Together, the theories of these two men convinced the majority that mind and matter are completely unrelated entities; they thus created the philosophy of materialism as we know it. Cartesian dualism asserts that since mind and matter are distinct (an assertion as yet unproven), it must be possible to dissect the world objectively; hence, the scientist's own effect on the situation under study can be disregarded. The underlying concept here is that matter is inherently real, that it exists independently of the consciousness observing it, and, furthermore, that nature can be dealt with as though it were a complicated but comprehensible machine. Isaac Newton relied on this axiom when developing his mechanics, which became the basis of classical physics.
This mechanistic approach to the universe dominated and directed western civilization until the beginning of this century, when it was undermined by the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics. The concept of materiality has effectively been destroyed for anyone who possesses the esoteric knowledge of relativistic and subatomic physics, but the far-reaching philosophical implications of this revolutionary realization are just beginning to touch the general public.
In the scientific view, the world is divided into subject and object. The object, all that can be perceived by the senses, is further fragmented into millions of related objects, parts of the whole. The task of natural science, accordingly, has traditionally been to "take apart" reality. The idea was that with enough effort humanity would be able to discover the basic "building blocks" of the universe and figure out how they fit together. Scientists felt that the workings of nature would be comprehended only if the essential constituents of matter could be determined, and their relationship to one another understood. The building block hypothesis ruled scientific endeavor for hundreds of years.
Here humanity was showing great faith in the simplistic notion that the most obvious tools provided by nature for understanding the world – the five senses and their corresponding consciousness – are true reflectors and interpreters of reality. The reality that our senses present to us is three-dimensional; in it time and space are absolute, and subject and object are perceived to be distinct entities.
The mechanistic world view, which depends on such sensory perception, served its masters very well: through it they accrued a staggering amount of intellectual knowledge and produced the technological revolution. Today it determines the way in which most of us construct our own personal realities and the way in which we live our lives. Yet this view has recently been invalidated by scientists themselves.
Ordinary, sensory perception does tell us that the world is made up of a collection of objects and events. Yet the substantiality of this information has been questioned by mystics of all cultures throughout history. The basic tenet of the mystical world view, regardless of cultural or doctrinal background, is that the multitude of things which we experience as distinct and real are but manifestations of the Absolute (undifferentiated reality) – that there is an underlying unity amid the seeming diversity of existence. It is only the individual, subjective mind-the consciousness informed by the senses – that fragmentizes the world.
Mystics further assert that the rational intellect, though it has a vital function in terms of biological survival, is inherently incapable of comprehending the unified nature of reality. It is therefore unable to deal with humanity's spiritual, psychological, and religious needs, all of which demand a deeper understanding of the true nature of existence. Fortunately, we are not limited to the rational intellect: other potential forms of perception/consciousness, now dormant in humanity, transcend the subject-object duality characterizing the type of consciousness that depends on the five senses (sensory consciousness). These other modes of consciousness must be awakened and developed if we are to experience reality and comprehend the meaning of existence.
Modern science is moving beyond a concept of reality bound by the dictates of ordinary perception, and coming closer to the view of the mystics. Einstein's theory of relativity and its correlates have shown that space and time are not absolute, but interconnected; they form a continuum now known as space-time. (Time and space, separately, are merely constructs of the human mind, relative to the position and velocity of the observer.) Relativity is now accepted as a working axiom of science, but our minds are still unable to experience the space-time continuum in normal consciousness, because of the limitations of our sensory conditioning.
In The Tao of Physics, Fritjof Capra suggests that modern physics has been forced, the more deeply it has probed seemingly dissimilar elements of nature, to admit the interdependence of all things. Concerning relativity, he says:
Unification of entities which seem separate and irreconcilable is achieved in relativity theory by going from three to four dimensions. The four-dimensional world of relativistic physics is the world where force and matter are unified, where matter can appear as discontinuous particles or as a continuous field. In these cases, however, we can no longer visualize the unity very well. Physicists can "experience" the four-dimensional space-time world through the abstract mathematical formalism of their theories, but their visual imagination – like everybody else's – is limited to the three-dimensional world of the senses. Our language and thought patterns have evolved in this three-dimensional world and therefore we find it extremely hard to deal with the four-dimensional reality of relativistic physics.
The limits of the rational intellect's ability to experience and understand nature have also been surpassed in the formulation of quantum theory. This theory was born from the experimental contradiction that matter sometimes acts like a collection of particles and sometimes like waves. Further investigation has shown that particles should not properly be designated as "things" at all, but as processes that cannot be defined apart from their interactions with other processes. There are no basic building blocks in the universe, only the continual interactions of related processes, which are, in turn, manifestations of the unified, holistic system which we call reality.
The role of scientists as "independent observers" is thus demolished. The way scientists set up experiments and the tools they use for measurement determine what they will be able to find. Werner Heisenberg said, "What we observe is not nature itself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning." Scientists do not work "in a vacuum"; they cannot blithely characterize what they experimentally discover in nature as being absolutely “real,” for the way in which they are conditioned to think will determine to some degree what they are able to discover. Whatever they find is not necessarily inherent in nature itself but more a reflection of the way in which their minds categorize the observation. That is, whatever they are able to conceptualize with the rational mode of intellect is not the reality, but only an approximation, a formalized construct which they project onto reality.
Thus, scientists are not truly objective; they are subjectively linked to the processes of nature that they observe. The scientist is not an independent ego locked in the shell of a body; the subjective, sensory-dependent mind of the observer is very much related to what it is able to perceive.
This discovery has profound implications for the age-old problem of mind-versus-matter (spirit/body; nonmaterial/material), a subject traditionally treated by philosophers rather than physicists. But here also we see an impending unification.
The nature of mind's relationship to matter is a problem that has obsessed the human intellect throughout recorded history. Classical science, however, excluded mind as a viable topic of research because mind was not seen as an object that could be studied experimentally. A further obstacle was the fact that mind, assumed to be nonmaterial, was associated with spirit and therefore assigned to the sacrosanct dominion of the religious sphere. All branches of science have traditionally felt the need to dissociate themselves from anything remotely religious or mystical in order to be recognized as "scientific." Mind, likewise, could not be investigated until it had been divorced from spirit and subjected to this outdated ideal of scientific objectivity.
In western thought, religion came to be equated with faith and science with reason. The two standpoints were generally considered irreconcilable. A strong mystical thread does run throughout western civilization, but it has been obscured by religious and scientific dogma. Because mystical vision generally has a universalistic character exceeding the confines of narrow sectarianism, many Christian mystics were forced to limit the expression of their experience if they wished to avoid being charged with heresy.
Scientists interested in the transformation of spirit were also driven into the shadows, because they attempted to transcend the seeming limits of the physical world. Yet the large body of alchemical literature attests to their number. Newton himself considered alchemy a primary area of research; the rationally “acceptable” part of his work that was extracted and used as the basis of classical physics comprises only a small part of his thought.
In the nineteenth century psychology tried to bring the study of mind out into the light. To satisfy the masters of reason, the scope of investigation had to be drastically limited. So as not to infringe upon the dictates of faith, the larger questions of spirit and divinity had to be left closeted in the sacred halls of the Church. And the prejudice against the mystical tradition held by both religionists and scientists closed both groups to the valuable information contained within the esoteric traditions.
By the beginning of this century, materialistic tendencies were so deeply rooted that many psychologists, who were supposedly studying the "psyche," came to the conclusion that all mental functions are essentially neural processes – that, in essence, "mind" does not exist. Any inexplicable mental phenomenon that did not fit into this hypothesis was ignored. Fortunately, Freud, Jung and similarly oriented psychologists examined the mind with more than materialistic considerations and began to reveal strata of consciousness that lie beyond and below ordinary individual awareness. Parapsychologists have subsequently conducted research that indicates the existence of nonsensory forms of perception/consciousness which transcend the limitations of three-dimensional time and space. Contemporary transpersonal psychology and psychosynthetic models exist which attempt to lead consciousness into a recognition of its own deeper nature.
The real nature of consciousness and the way in which it functions still remain largely mysterious for scientists, perhaps because they objectify it just as they do other areas of investigation. As physics has shown, total objectification is no longer a realistic way in which to explore any phenomenon. And, as the mystical tradition has held all along, it is impossible to understand the true nature of consciousness by dividing it into pieces to be categorized. Mystics insist that, to gain true understanding, it is necessary somehow to go beyond the dualism of the rational intellect and to unify with the thing itself, to experience it.
Though science and psychology have begun inadvertently to validate concepts long propounded by western mystical tradition and eastern religion, there still has been no concerted attempt to test some or the basic empirical claims about human nature made by religion. Gopi Krishna makes this point in The Biological Basis of Religion and Genius:
The most rational way to attest to the truth of religion, and to accept or reject its claims, would be to test these practices and disciplines after making a comparative study of all the systems in existence in different parts of the earth, and then to pronounce a verdict on the basis of the results achieved. But to this day it was never done by any group of scientists. Dedicating their life to this research alone, in the same way that innumerable groups and societies are doing in respect to the still unexplained riddles of the physical world. The decision to ignore the claims of faith and to refuse its admission into the province of science was thus taken without trial, a most unscientific way of dealing with an obstinate phenomenon of this type.
Actually, there has never before been a time when such research was feasible. But now, because of the technological explosion that has occurred in the twentieth century, research of this type can be done. Cultural and interdisciplinary boundaries are crumbling; ancient prejudices are slowly dissolving. Today, one human being – aided by modern education, libraries filled with a vast spectrum of translated texts, unlimited travel opportunities, and an intellectual attitude more open and tolerant than that of our predecessors – may delve deeply into a wide range of subjects. In my own life and work, I have tried to show that the way of the mystic and that of the scientist can be pursued simultaneously, that the knowledge of one can be fruitfully investigated by the other, that the realms of divinity and nondualistic consciousness can be explored with the tools of science. | <urn:uuid:10258abd-1529-417d-bd2e-a2b647124453> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://asianyogaholidays.com/mysticism-and-science.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999644032/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060724-00006-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963277 | 2,987 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Retributivism and Criminal Procedure
47 Pages Posted: 18 May 2017
Date Written: May 17, 2017
Retributivist theories of punishment are in tension with due process. Some retributivists adopt a simple view that punishment of the deserving is normatively justified. However, this Simple Retributivism licenses unjust and illegitimate rules of criminal procedure. A more refined version of retributivism, on which a person’s punishment is justified only if she deserves to be punished for the offense with which she is charged and her desert bases cause her to be liable to punishment, avoids the troubling implications of Simple Retributivism. Refined Retributivism also entails specific principles for implementing criminal law—that is, a distinctively Retributivist Criminal Procedure. On this Retributivist Criminal Procedure, procedural mechanisms must establish that there are good reasons to believe that an offender deserves to be punished for an offense, and these reasons must cause the offender’s liability to punishment.
Yet Refined Retributivism is also difficult to reconcile with due process. Although Retributivist Criminal Procedure has some salutary implications, it also calls for abolishing core aspects of the U.S. system of criminal justice and features that are essential to any legitimate criminal justice system. Thus, retributivism (whether Simple or Refined) does not provide the basis for a just criminal procedure.
Keywords: retributivism, criminal procedure, punishment, due process
JEL Classification: K14
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation | <urn:uuid:0011c118-5b37-4213-b501-b7875cb090b9> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2970204 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998923.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619063711-20190619085711-00536.warc.gz | en | 0.935355 | 309 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Introducing kids to gardening provides numerous rewards. Not only do children experience nature in action, but also they enjoy healthy, outdoor activities. Children who experience vegetable gardening learn about health and nutrition, while the very act of gardening involves mathematical skills and explores scientific laws and properties. Children learn how to plan and design living spaces while working with others in a cooperative manner. As children care for, nurture, and maintain gardens, they learn invaluable lessons in responsibility that will last a lifetime. Whether they are planting flowers, herbs, or vegetables, children can derive many benefits from gardening.
- Gardening with Children and Youth
- Gardening with Children
- Family Gardening Club
- Every Child Belongs in a Garden
- Grow a Garden with your Kids
- Gardening Guide
Planting flowers is an enjoyable experience that many children readily enjoy. The process of planting seeds and watching them sprout and then blossom into beautiful, sturdy plants provides children with a sense of wonder as well as pride. By growing plants from seeds, children often feel a sense of accomplishment they might not experience with other hobbies. Several plants are known for their magnificent blossoms while being easy for children to grow, making them the perfect choice for beginning gardeners. Sunflowers are a flower known for their amazing height and beauty. Young children often marvel that they grew such a large flower from a seed. As sunflowers are durable, sturdy, and easy to grow, they are a great choice for a child’s first contribution to the garden. Other popular flowers include daisies, pansies, zinnias, and marigolds. When choosing flowers to plant, ensure that you select those that are suitable for your environmental conditions. Adding flowers to the garden and landscape helps beautify the area. Let children help in the planning stages and offer them easy-to-grow flowers to ensure their success.
- Garden Safety with Kids
- 16 Tips for Wildlife Gardening with Kids
- My First Garden
- Plant a Butterfly Garden
- Easy-to-Grow Plants
- Butterfly Gardening
Herb gardens are a great way to introduce children to the importance of nutrition. Children can have their own space in the garden where they are in charge of planting various herbs, ensuring that they are fully engaged in the gardening experience. As herbs can be picked from the garden and then immediately used in the kitchen, children often experience a great sense of reward with the fruits of their labor. Herbs have various textures, carry strong aromas, and provide different tastes. They are an exciting addition to the garden and provide children with a wealth of sensory activities.
One of the advantages of growing herbs is that children may start growing their plants indoors, such as in window boxes or containers, then transfer them to the outdoor garden when the plants are stronger. As people use a variety of herbs in daily life, the child’s herb garden should be carefully designed based upon purpose and theme. Some choose to create an herb garden based upon salad or seasoning herbs. These include herbs such as basil, thyme, rosemary, parsley, and dill. Other herbs may be used in teas, such as chamomile, peppermint, spearmint, and lemon. Popular additions to a child’s herb garden also include basil, oregano, lavender, and sage. Whatever theme you choose, you’ll find that an herb garden is a wonderful way to get children excited about gardening.
- My First Herb Garden
- Grow a Family Garden
- Great Herbs for Kids
- Herb Gardens and Painted Pots
- From Garden to Table: Harvesting Herbs for Healthy Eating
- Growing Herbs
There may be no better way to get kids eating their vegetables than to have them grow them. Vegetables are often the most important aspect of the human diet, yet they can be the most neglected. By involving children in the vegetable garden, they become familiar with various vegetables and take an active role in the growing process. When children watch vegetables transform from seed to a tomato-covered vine or stalks of corn, they are more interested in tasting the bounty. Have children begin with vegetables that are easy to grow and maintain so they will remain excited about their gardening project. Popular vegetables that are easy to grow and suitable for beginning gardeners include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, radishes, beans, peas, and salad greens. Choosing easy-to-grow vegetables helps ensure that children have successful gardening experiences. | <urn:uuid:42d54ae7-c5aa-416e-a7b0-93286a801fdd> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://www.syntheticgrasswarehouse.com/green-thumb-guide-kids-gardening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820466.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20171016214209-20171016234209-00367.warc.gz | en | 0.949896 | 921 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Adults with Gender Identity Disorder are preoccupied with their wish to live as a member of the other sex. This preoccupation may be manifested as an intense desire to adopt the social role of the other sex or to acquire the physical appearance of the other sex through hormonal or surgical manipulation. Adults with this disorder are uncomfortable being regarded by others as, or functioning in society as, a member of their designated sex. To varying degrees, they adopt the behavior, dress, and mannerisms of the other sex. In private, these individuals may spend much time cross-dressed and working on the appearance of being the other sex. Many attempt to pass in public as the other sex. With cross-dressing and hormonal treatment (and for males, electrolysis), many individuals with this disorder may pass convincingly as the other sex. The sexual activity of these individuals with same-sex partners is generally constrained by the preference that their partners neither see nor touch their genitals. For some males who present later in life, (often following marriage), sexual activity with a woman is accompanied by the fantasy of being lesbian lovers or that his partner is a man and he is a woman.
In adolescents, the clinical features may resemble either those of children or those of adults, depending on the individual's developmental level, and the criteria should be applied accordingly. In younger adolescents, it may be more difficult to arrive at an accurate diagnosis because of the adolescent's guardedness. This may be increased if the adolescent feels ambivalent about cross-gender identification or feels that it is unacceptable to the family. The adolescent may be referred because the parents or teachers are concerned about social isolation or peer teasing and rejection. In such circumstances, the diagnosis should be reserved for those adolescents who appear quite cross-gender identified in their dress and who engage in behaviors that suggest significant cross-gender identification (e.g., shaving legs in males). Clarifying the diagnosis in children and adolescents may require monitoring over an extended period of time.
Distress or disability in individuals with Gender Identity Disorder is manifested differently across the life cycle. In young children, distress is manifested by the stated unhappiness about their assigned sex. Preoccupation with cross-gender wishes often interferes with ordinary activities. In older children, failure to develop age-appropriate same sex peer relationships and skills often leads to isolation and distress, and some children may refuse to attend school because of the teasing or pressure to dress in attire stereotypical of their assigned sex. in adolescents and adults, preoccupation with cross-gender wishes often interferes with ordinary activities. Relationship difficulties are common and functioning at school or at work may be impaired.
For sexually mature individuals, the following specifiers may be noted based on the individual's sexual orientation: Sexually Attracted to Males, Sexually Attracted to Females, Sexually Attracted to Both, and Sexually Attracted to Neither. Males with Gender Identity Disorder include substantial proportions with all four specifiers. Virtually all females with Gender Identity Disorder will receive the same specifier-Sexually Attracted to Female- although there are exceptional cases involving females who are sexually Attracted to Males. | <urn:uuid:d45cd733-336d-4ee5-a1a2-cda687de17ff> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=3074520&page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400375786.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123255-00016-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956992 | 636 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What is peripheral neuropathy???
Updated: Sunday, August 24, 2014 05:52:08 PM
Neuropathy literally means "disease of the nerves". ("Neuro-" refers to the nerves and "-pathy" refers to disease or dysfunction.) Some of the symptoms of the type of neuropathy most frequently caused by chemotherapy are:
The most common areas of the body affected by peripheral neuropathy are the tips of the extremities (fingers and toes). This sensory loss may move gradually upward in a stocking-glove type fashion (as if you pulled a long glove on your arm or a knee-high sock on your foot and leg). This is called peripheral neuropathy. Sometimes, other areas of the body (face, back, chest, etc.) are affected. Some literature suggests that neuropathy can cause or worsen constipation and conditions such as ileus (intestinal obstruction).
Although some of the signs of neuropathy may appear suddenly, this change in sensation usually builds gradually and gets worse with each subsequent dose of chemotherapy.
It is usually strongest right after a chemotherapy treatment, but tends to lessen just before the next treatment. The symptoms usually peak about 3-5 months after the last dose taken. The abnormal sensations may disappear completely, or lessen only partially; they may also involve less of the body. If neuropathy diminishes, it is a gradual process usually requiring several months. However, it may be irreversible and never diminish in intensity or the area of the body affected. | <urn:uuid:8a7bafa4-65d9-4b11-9225-eabc6f853d4f> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://ovarian-news.com/neuro_what.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912204077.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325153323-20190325175323-00536.warc.gz | en | 0.934089 | 305 | 3 | 3 |
Scientists have found new evidence for the so-called "Mozart effect"--the phenomenon that music can enhance some mathematical abilities. The results appear in the current issue of Neurological Research.
In earlier studies, Gordon Shaw and colleagues at the University of California, Irvine, showed that listening to a Mozart two-piano sonata briefly improved the spatial skills of college students. Later, they found that piano lessons achieved a longer term effect, lasting at least several days, on the spatial skills of preschoolers. In the new study, Shaw compared two groups of Los Angeles second-graders: 26 got piano instruction plus a new math video game, which trains players in skills such as mental rotation of shapes and spatial exercises that teach ratios and fractions. Another 29 got computer-based English training plus the video game, and a control group of 28 got no special training. After 4 months, the results were "dramatic," the authors report. The piano group scored 15% higher than the English group in a test of what they had learned in the computer game--and 27% higher on the questions devoted to fractions and proportional math. These gains were on top of the finding that the computer game alone boosted scores by 36% over the control group.
Shaw, a physicist by training, says the improvements are in keeping with the theory that the spatial awareness and the need to think several steps ahead that are required in keyboard lessons "enhance"--or reinforce--latent neuronal patterns. "Music is just tapping into this internal neural structure that we're born with," he says.
Michael Merzenich, a neuroanatomist at the University of California, San Francisco, says Shaw's findings are in line with existing evidence that "you can modify [cortical activity] as a function of practice." Nonetheless, he agrees with Shaw that music (at least Mozart) appears to serve as nonspecific conditioning in spatial reasoning for the brain--much as muscle-building is a general conditioner for an athlete. Music may be a "skill ... more fundamental than language" for refining the ability of the brain to make spatial and temporal distinctions, says Merzenich.
Shaw's work has already inspired a following among day-care facilities in several states that are now supplying music and drumming for their charges. Although there's no scientific proof that just listening to classical music improves brain development, it's good for the music business, says Merzenich: "They're selling a lot of Mozart CDs to parents." | <urn:uuid:2daf2a9f-042f-4bc7-85af-266ff0989f4a> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://news.sciencemag.org/1999/03/music-muscle-builder-brain?mobile_switch=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096780.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00288-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963138 | 515 | 3.78125 | 4 |
The EEAC Network issued its newsletter for June. In this edition, the latest council publications are introduced, as well as news from EEAC member councils. The newsletter also includes an overview of recent (online) cooperation and exchange activities among advisory councils on climate change, the environment and sustainable development and there stakeholders. Read More
The German Council on the Environment (SRU) just released an opinion (in German only) on the potential role of hydrogen. In its opinion the Council argued that hydrogen can play an important role in climate protection, but will remain a scarce and precious energy carrier. The Council recommends concentrating all efforts on the market ramp-up of green hydrogen from wind and sun. Even as a transitional measure, policymakers should not rely on fossil-generated hydrogen, the Council stated.
The reason for not relying on fossil generated hydrogen is the impact of the production. The production of hydrogen from fossil fuels causes significant greenhouse gas emissions – even if hydrogen is produced from natural gas in combination with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). There are also environmental and health risks associated with CO2 storage, the Council argues.
The council also warned that the reasoning that green hydrogen and synthetic energy sources could be used everywhere, does not mean that it would make economic and ecological sense. It makes sense to use hydrogen in parts of industry and in international shipping and aviation, the Council stated. The SRU furthermore pleas for a certification system with sustainability criteria to ensure that the production of green hydrogen does not exacerbate environmental problems such as land or water shortages. This is especially true for imports.
To conclude, the Council pushed for infrastructures of hydrogen, natural gas and electricity to be planned in an integrated way. The basis for this must be the climate targets, the Council stated. As soon as the translated version of the position is made available, it will be uploaded on the website of both the SRU and the EEAC Network.
Latest publication: Climate neutrality – Options for setting the right course and ambitious delivery
The German Council for Sustainable Development (RNE) and the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina have produced a joint position paper presenting paths to climate neutrality. In it, the Leopoldina and the RNE highlight options for action to effect the changes needed within society, at political level and in the business world, in view especially of the urgency and the historic dimensions of the transformation we face. With the paper, the Leopoldina and the RNE are consciously not seeking to engage in a race to set the most ambitious target. They are instead offering an options paper for setting the right course and covering the key implementation steps. The position paper was presented at the RNE’s 20th annual conference held on 8 June 2021 and was handed over to the Federal Chancellor, Dr Angela Merkel. Read More
EEAC Chairman: companies are key actors for achieving the SDGs and the objectives of the Paris Agreement!
Today (17/6/2021), The Belgium and German Advisory Council for Sustainable Development – together with the EEAC Network – organized a webinar on corporate sustainability reporting. During his opening address EEAC Network Chairman, Arnau Queralt Bassa, said that he considers companies to be key actors for achieving the SDGs and the objectives of the Paris Agreement on climate change. However, I said, several reforms are needed if those companies are to contribute effectively to the goals!
He underlined the importance of a legal obligation for most companies to report on their possible or existing adverse impacts on sustainability. It was therefore, according to Arnau Queralt Bassa, no surprise that he welcomed the Commission’s initiative to come forward with stronger transparency requirements on companies regarding their impacts in terms of human rights violations, environmental pollution and climate change, in addition to employees and customers interests and alongside the financial interests of their shareholders.
According to the EEAC Chairman the proposed Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive would provide marked actors with a level playing field and legal clarity on the EU internal market, and would provide reliable and comparable sustainability information needed by investors and other stakeholders. Furthermore, Queralt Bassa continued, companies that consider environmental and social aspects, while being in touch with their stakeholders regarding these matters, will be better able to identify economic risks arising from sustainability issues, and therefore will also be able to manage those risks more effectively.
Arnau Queralt Bassa also acknowledged that some business representatives fear that the reporting costs will become too high. These concerns should not just be dismissed for the sake of pushing sustainability, he added. In his conclusion the EEAC Chairman raised the question whether the current and proposed corporate sustainability reporting initiatives by the EU will be able to provide improved information on the exposure of companies to sustainability risks and impacts, without putting too much burden on the motors of our European economy….
The Belgium Federal Council for Sustainable Development (FRDO-CFDD), the German Council for Sustainable Development (RNE) and the EEAC Network organized a webinar entiteled: “Corporate sustainability reporting: recent developments”. The webinar took place on June 17th.
Since the launch of the European sustainable finance action plan, the financial sector is asking for improved information on the exposure of companies to sustainability risks. Diverse stakeholders think that companies should better account for their social and environmental impacts. Moreover, companies facing increasing transparency requirements consider that the related reporting costs are too high.
The EU Commission’s proposal for a new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), and the proposal for an EU sustainability reporting standard-setting should address these various expectations and concerns.
Aim of the webinar
To give you further information about these initiatives and to highlight their implications for the financial sector, for stakeholders of sustainable development and for enterprises, the FRDO-CFDD, RNE and EEAC organized the webinar. The morning session focused on the EU reforms for sustainability reporting, and the afternoon session focused on their practical implications at the national level.
Over 150 people particiapted in the session on June 17th. Follow-up documentation and presentions will be made available on the website soon.
Covid-19 lockdowns have seen so much of how we live, work and play move online. There has been a dramatic shift to digital and this is likely to grow in importance in the years to come. However, a new report from the Irish National Economic and Social Council (NESC), entitled ‘Digital Inclusion in Ireland: Connectivity, Devices & Skills’ shows that that there are groups who remain poorly engaged with digital technologies. In particular, it highlights those who are older, have lower levels of education, lower incomes, and live in rural areas; as well as smaller businesses and farms.
The NESC report argues that a digital inclusion strategy would help address the ‘digital’ needs of people in these key groups. Doing so would build on Ireland’s large investment in broadband connectivity. It would also help companies, particularly micro-businesses, compete effectively with other small open economies. And critically in the years to come it could be a key means of combatting social exclusion.
The report highlights furthermore that there are several State policies focused on digital technologies. There are also a range of state agency, business and community programmes. There is a need to co-ordinate across these polices and programmes if digital inclusion is to improve, the NESC argues. The report recommends a stand-alone digital inclusion strategy should be developed. It also recommends a comprehensive framework for digital skills progression and certification. It highlights the need for targeted supports for key groups, including those with low incomes, and smaller businesses and farms. Finally, the report argues that enhanced guidance is needed to develop digital public services which are easily accessed by all, and assisted-digital public services for the groups who will continue to face difficulties going online. Read More | <urn:uuid:aecdcc55-00a1-4dbe-926f-a16ac7a7fa3e> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://eeac.eu/2021/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154320.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802110046-20210802140046-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.95371 | 1,606 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Hi friends , I have 2 programs ... and i want u to help me on solving them !
1. Write a c++ (or c) program that input 3 numbers and print the type of a Triangle ! (of course if the triangle can be made ! Otherwise print it can not be a Triangle )
and 2. write a program that input a number , if it's a Multiple of 4 print (1/4) that number ... otherwise print (2^n) (n is inputed number) (Without using of if,:?,*,%,/)!!
am waiting for ur answers ... TNX !! | <urn:uuid:f60439f8-4c9a-4b18-b58a-372b7b2cefc0> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/151922-2-programs-programming.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394678697956/warc/CC-MAIN-20140313024457-00046-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866672 | 126 | 2.703125 | 3 |
April 8, 2011 | 7
There’s been a lot of confusion and concern about radiation in the past few weeks. As part of the Building a Better Explainer project at N.Y.U.’s Studio 20, we decided to create a visual explainer of radiation levels, inspired by some recent presentations over at XKCD and Information is Beautiful.
Both compare radiation doses from everyday activities (like eating a banana or flying across the country) to doses near the Fukushima plant, as well as other disasters like Chernobyl. However, we felt that neither infographic captured a true sense of the relative differences between these exposure levels.
Rather than use a lot of tiny boxes or a logarithmic scale, we placed all the numbers on a vertical linear scale (it’s pretty long, just keep on scrolling down). Our hope was to transform something you can’t see, smell, taste or feel into something a bit more tangible.
Keep in mind that this is a highly simplified visualization, and there are all sorts of factors that go into radiation and risk: whether the exposure is acute or chronic, internal or external, partial or whole body, to an adult or child. Some of these caveats are addressed here, here, and here.
So here it is! Click here (and then click on the little magnifying-glass-like cursor) to see large, or click here to see it very, very large, or download the PDF of it here. We welcome any comments or thoughts.
About the Author: Lena Groeger is a graduate student in New York University’s Science Health and Environmental Reporting Program. Before moving to New York she worked as a graphic designer for Brown University Health Education, and before that studied philosophy (the obvious choice for a science journalist). You can check out her website, follow her on Twitter, and find more of her writing on Scienceline.
The views expressed are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Scientific American. | <urn:uuid:ff1e4396-e437-4950-93ad-c5272cd7cc9a> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/04/08/radiation-levels-explained-an-exposure-infographic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999666921/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060746-00018-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938344 | 409 | 3.28125 | 3 |
When people talk about big data, are they simply referring to numbers and metrics?
Technically, big data is simply bits and bytes—literally, a massive amount (petabytes or more) of data. But to dismiss big data as mere ones and zeroes misses the point. Big data may physically be a collection of numbers, but when placed against proper context, those numbers take on a life of their own.
This is particularly true in the realm of artificial intelligence (AI). AI and big data are intrinsically connected; without big data, AI simply couldn't learn. From the perspective of the team in charge of Oracle's Cloud Business Group (CBG) Product Marketing, they liken big data to the human experience. On Oracle's Practical Path To AI podcast episode Connecting the Dots Between Big Data and AI, team members compare the AI learning process to the human experience.
The short version: the human brain ingests countless experiences every moment. Everything that is taken in by senses is technically a piece of information or data—a note of music, a word in a book, a drop of rain, and so on. Infant brains learn from the very beginning they start taking in sensory information, and the more they encounter, the more they are able to assimilate and process, then respond in new and informed ways.
AI works similarly. The more data an AI model encounters, the more intelligent it can become. Over time, as more and more data processes through the AI model, it becomes increasingly significant. In that sense, AI models are trained by big data, just as human brains are trained by the data accumulated through multiple experiences.
And while this may all seem scary at first, there's a definite public shift toward trusting AI-driven software. This is discussed further by Oracle's CBG team on the podcast episode, and it all goes back to the idea of human experiences. In the digital realm, people now have the ability to document, review, rank, and track these experiences. This knowledge becomes data points in big data, thus fed into AI models which start validating or invalidating the experiences. With enough of a sample size, a determination can be made based on "a power of collective knowledge" that grows and creates this network.
However, that doesn't mean that AI is the authority on everything, even with all the data in the world.
To hear more about this topic—and why human judgment is still a very real and very necessary part of, well, everything—listen to the entire podcast episode Connecting the Dots Between Big Data and AI and be sure to visit Oracle's Big Data site to stay on top of the latest developments in the field of big data. | <urn:uuid:f9a603d9-be9f-44df-8fb7-3b3e45e74ed2> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://blogs.oracle.com/bigdata/whats-the-connection-between-big-data-and-ai | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655898347.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709034306-20200709064306-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.944774 | 555 | 2.875 | 3 |
The astounding Bronze Age microscopic gold work from around Stonehenge
Archaeologists have revealed the process utilized by highly-skilled craftsmen to create the magnificent gold artifacts that were found around Stonehenge. According to Discovery News , the gold work involved such tiny components that optical experts believe they could only have been made by children or adults with extreme short-sightedness, and would have caused lasting damage to their eyesight.
In 1808, William Cunnington, one of Britain's earliest professional archaeologists, discovered what has become known as the crown jewels of the 'King of Stonehenge'. They were found within a large Bronze Age burial mound just ½ mile from Stonehenge, known today as Bush Barrow. Within the 4,000-year-old barrow, Cunnington found ornate jewellery, a gold lozenge that fastened his cloak, and an intricately decorated dagger.
Artists reconstruction of the Bush Barrow chieftain. By Kelvin Wilson. Wiltshire Museum, Devizes
“The very finest gold work involved the making and positioning of literally tens of thousands of tiny individually-made components, each around a millimetre long and around a fifth of a millimetre wide,” said David Dawson, Director of the Wiltshire Museum in Devizes where the micro-gold working achievements are on permanent display.
A report in The Independent explained the amazing process involved in creating the handle of just one dagger, adorned with up to 140,000 tiny gold studs just a third of a millimetre wide. The first stage involved manufacturing extremely fine gold wire, just a little thicker than a human hair. The end of the wire was then flattened to create a stud-head, and was then cut with a very sharp flint or obsidian razor, just a millimetre below the head. This delicate procedure was then repeated literarily tens of thousands of times.
“Next, a tiny bronze awl with an extremely fine point was used to create minute holes in the dagger handle in which to position the studs,” wrote The Independent. “Then a thin layer of tree resin was rubbed over the surface as an adhesive to keep the studs in place. Each stud was then carefully placed into its miniscule hole – probably with the help of a very fine pair of bone or wooden tweezers, because the studs are too small to have been placed in position directly by the artisan’s fingers.”
Detail of the decoration of the dagger handle, shown next to a sewing needle for scale. The studs were placed in straight lines and the heads overlapped each other like fish scales. Credit: University of Birmingham and David Bukach
Watercolour showing the dagger handle, made up of thousands of miniscule gold studs, as excavated by William Cunnington in 1808. Credit: Wiltshire Museum, Devizes
“We estimate that the entire operation – wire manufacture, stud-making, hole-making, resin pasting and stud positioning – would have taken at least 2500 hours to complete,” said David Dawson.
Ronald Rabbetts, an expert on the optics of the human eye, examined the intricate gold work on the dagger handle and explained that only children, young teenagers, or naturally short-sighted adults would have had sharp enough eyesight for such detailed work, and the long hours of close-up focusing would have quickly damaged their vision.
"Only children and teenagers, and those adults who had become myopic naturally or due to the nature of their work as children, would have been able to create and manufacture such tiny objects," he said. "There would almost certainly have been a section of the bronze age artisan class who, often as a result of their childhood work, were myopic for their adult life. They would therefore have been unable to do any other work apart from the making of tiny artefacts and would have had to be supported by the community at large."
The Independent says the research into the human eyesight optics of micro-gold-working in the Bronze Age has considerable implications for more fully understanding the nature of society in Western Europe some 4000 years ago.
Featured image: Detail of the decoration of the dagger handle showing the zig-zag pattern made by the tiny studs. University of Birmingham and David Bukach | <urn:uuid:7ba0c14d-9742-4da6-9cd1-14692595814b> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/archaeologists-reveal-bronze-age-microscopic-gold-work-around-1020400 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496669795.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20191118131311-20191118155311-00545.warc.gz | en | 0.968708 | 891 | 3.75 | 4 |
Jalapeno is a medium-sized chile pepper pod-type cultivar of the species Capsicum annum. It is 5 to 10 cm long with hanging round, smooth, and firm flesh of 25-38 mm wide. Its pungency has a wide range. It is generally consumed both when ripe and unripe. Ripe jalapeno tends to be bright red, yellow, or orange.
With the significant cultivation in Mexico, in 1999, around 43000 hectares of land were dedicated for jalapeno production. About 30 percent of chili production in Mexico is contributed only by jalapeno. The next production of jalapeno is in California, followed by New Mexico and Texas. China, Peru, India, and Spain are also producers of commercial chili production, including jalapeno.
- Chipotles are smoked, ripe jalapenos.
- Fresh jalapenos chiles tornados are sautéed in oil till the skin is completely blistered. They are sometimes served with melted cheese on top.
- Stuffed jalapenos are filled with meat, seafood, cheese, or poultry.
- Jalapeno peppers are always muddled and served in mixed drinks.
- Texas toothpicks mean onions and jalapenos shaved into straws, lightly breaded, and deep-fried.
- Pickled jalapenos, whole or sliced, are always hot or cold on top of nachos (tortilla chips with melted cheese on top)
- Jalapeno poppers, an appetizer, are breaded or wrapped in bacon and cooked.
- Armadillo eggs are stuffed with cheese, coated in seasoned sausage meat, and wrapped in bacon. The eggs are grilled till the bacon crisps.
- Jalapeno Jelly, a pepper jelly, can be made using jelling methods.
- Many salsas and chilis contain chopped jalapenos.
Interesting Facts about Jalapenos
High in Nutrients: –Jalapenos are low on calories but rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. One raw jalapeno consists of –
- Fiber – 0.4 percent
- Folate – 2 percent of RDI
- Manganese – 2 percent of RDI
- Calories – 4
- Vitamin C – 10 percent of RDI
- Vitamin B6 – 4 percent of RDI
- Vitamin A – 2 percent of RDI
- Vitamin K – 2 percent of RDI
In line with other fruits and vegetables, jalapenos are an excellent source of fiber. If a person consumes 2000 calories, one pepper will give 2 percent RDI. Jalapenos vitamin C fights against free radical damage as it is high in antioxidants, and vitamin B6 is an essential nutrient that helps 140 bodily reactions. Unique compound capsaicin, an alkaloid, gives spicy characteristics and health benefits.
May Fight Cancer: – Capsaicin possesses anti-cancer properties that help to kill over 40 types of cancer cells without damaging normal cells. Three effects can be observed because of capsaicin –
- Slows the formation of new blood vessels around cancer tumors
- It prevents cancer from spreading to other parts of the body
- Stops the growth and division of cancer cells.
As a usual belief, people who eat more chili pepper tend to have cancer, but in reality, it is not so. The dosage that plays the role of a lower dosage might assist spread; a higher dose may slow the spread.
Can Help Prevent Stomach Ulcers: –The reasons for stomach ulcers may be listed as –
- Low blood flow to the stomach
- Growth of H pylori bacteria within the stomach
- Drinking alcohol
- Taking too many NSAID pain relievers
- High levels of stomach acids
A common understanding that spicy jalapenos induce stomach pain or ulcers is not proper. These types of spicy foods can protect the stomach from developing ulcers. The people affected by H pylori can feel the reduction in stomach inflammation, and capsaicin may even kill the infection. But there is no clarity on how much quantity needs to be consumed to affect this.
The stomach damage due to overuse of NSAID pain relievers and alcohol can also be reduced due to consumption of chili peppers by preventing the formation of ulcers in the stomach.
Can Help to Reduce Weight: – Jalapenos may boost the metabolism helping to burn fat and reduce your appetite, and thus you can lose weight. Capsaicin and other similar compounds like capsaicinoids may increase the metabolism by 4 to 5 percent every day, making it easier to reduce weight.
Apart from boosting metabolism, capsaicinoid supplements are known to reduce abdominal fat appetite, resulting in a person consuming 50-75 calories fewer per day. If one wishes to reduce weight, it is essential to consume a specific quantity of chili peppers daily as it is relevant to reducing the risk of becoming overweight or obese.
Can Keep Heart Healthy: – The primary reasons for heart disease are high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Capsaicin in jalapenos helps reduce the impact of these factors, which can keep your heart healthy.
By consuming 5 gm chili peppers before a high-carb meal, one can stabilize the blood sugar and control the high spikes that usually occur after a meal. Capsaicin also has low cholesterol and lipid levels as tested in animals, but it is not proven similar in humans.
In animals, capsaicin relaxes blood vessels, thereby lowering blood pressure, but it is not proven for humans. However, there is a chance that it may be beneficial for heart health.
Can be Natural pain Relievers: – When used externally, capsaicin is an excellent pain reliever. It temporarily blocks the pain receptors in the area of application, as a result of which one can feel a burning sensation firstly, then numbness, and lastly soothing of pain.
Pain due to shingles virus, diabetic nerve pain, and chronic muscle and joint pain can be relieved when applying capsaicin patches and lotions. Aged adults with rheumatoid arthritis can feel a 57 percent reduction when a capsaicin cream is applied to painting joints. Apart from applying capsaicin to the skin, its nasal spray can effectively relieve migraine pain.
Help Fight Infections: – Usage of spices and herbs in cooking prevents spoilage and food poisoning. The growth of common foodborne bacteria and yeasts is controlled due to the compound in jalapenos and other spices. It can stop cholera bacteria from producing toxins and prevent additional infections like strep throat, Chlamydia, and bacterial tooth decay.
- The smokey flavor of many Mexican dishes comes from smoked and dried jalapenos.
- The small lines that develop the ripe on peppers are called corking and are related to their heat levels.
- The plants grow best in acidic soil with a pH between 6 to 6.8.
- Because of plant breeders, one can find many varieties of these peppers like lemon spice, orange spice, and nadapeno pepper.
- The pepper was initially cultivated in Mexico, and its usage dates as back as thousands of years.
- This is a common plant that you can even grow in your backyard because of its low-maintenance feature.
- When fully ripe, the chilis turn to bright red.
- They can be planted in spring (March-April) and fall (July-August).
- They are the only chili pepper that left the earth. Yes, jalapenos have been to space with the Columbia space shuttle.
- There is a scale to measure the hotness of peppers. The scale is called Scoville Scale.
- Commercial peppers like jalapeno are mainly grown in New Mexico, California, and Texas in the US.
- Aztecs would smoke and dry jalapenos before consumption to preserve them.
- The compound capsaicin, which makes it spicy, is produced by the glands in their placentas.
Properties of Jalapenos
Jalapeno is a low acid food having a pH of about 4.8 to 6 depending on maturity and individual pepper. Packaging or canning jalapenos with calcium chloride give them the required firmness irrespective of pickled or canned. Like tomatoes, jalapenos tend to develop foodborne pathogens if the outer skin is broken and exposed for a long time. This was the outcome of the 2008 salmonella outbreak in the US. While it is intact, it protects from foodborne illness, as was found out back then.
Also Read This => Facts About EggPlant | <urn:uuid:37b9e057-b92c-4212-9cd9-001a53ad133c> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://factsdairy.com/facts-about-jalapenos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510942.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002001302-20231002031302-00188.warc.gz | en | 0.918207 | 1,827 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Why use Plastic combs on your hair, when you have an environment friendly + a healthier alternative.
Neem is known as the medicinal plant for its immense health benefits. Neem is a recognized antibacterial and germicide; No insects or bacteria ever come close to neem products.
Ancient medical texts such as the Sushrita Sanhita have demonstrated that Neem somehow inhibits the multiplication of viruses by combining with the skin cells. This blockage of virus growth imparts the germicidal and anti allergic properties to Neem.
Scalp disorders such as dandruff and fungal infections are extremely common and what better to use a comb - something that we use everyday - made of a medicinal bark like Neem. | <urn:uuid:3a3324a8-ecce-442a-b341-05342b8f39ab> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://www.healthandyoga.com/marketplace/hnydescmp/523130883/detail.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398456975.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205416-00040-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93696 | 149 | 2.75 | 3 |
Some Web pages finish loading in an instant, while others load slowly or in pieces at varying speeds, even on the same computer. The factors that add up to slow or irregular Web page loading can cost site owners repeat visitors, search engine ranking, and revenue. The causes of slow page loading can be in the page itself or in content included from other sources, such as advertisements or videos.
Types of Web Page Components
Visiting a website causes a Web browser to download and knit together components specified by a site's server system. These components can include text, audio and video media, photographs and other graphics, layout and style information, programs and other active features as well as references to components provided by other sites. Each of these components may arrive from a different server, over a different portion of the Internet, or even from different parts of the world.
Large Data Files
Large images, media files, backgrounds, browser-based programs and other large data can take a long time to transfer to the user's computer. Various website design strategies and Internet technologies can help. These include storing a copy locally or on the Internet provider's servers for repeat use (caching), compression, and consolidation, which help reduce the time these files take to transfer. Users will experience varying load times based on network performance between the user and the website's servers.
Programs Executing in the Browser
Multiple Servers and Advertising
A particularly disconcerting user experience occurs when different portions of the Web page, such as images, text, and video, have significantly different load times. Dividing the delivery of content based on type, particularly images, helps optimize the systems and delivery methods involved, as does delivering content such as weather maps or traffic information directly from external providers. Ad content may come from still other global providers.
Content Delivery Networks
One popular solution to the problem of irregular and slow Web page loading is the use of content delivery networks which store stable pieces of website content and provide them together with dynamic pieces from the site. These networks deliver pages from servers located strategically around the Internet for better network performance to users. In addition to improving overall website and content design, these services can help to provide a more consistent page load experience.
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:aa732f1a-538a-46f8-a78c-d85ce7512537> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://smallbusiness.chron.com/causes-internet-pages-load-slower-others-same-computer-workstation-69574.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430456360595.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501045920-00051-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908194 | 460 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, 7 March 1765 – 5 July 1833
The image most associated with Niépce is considered by most the first photograph. It was of a courtyardg outside a window of his work study, and it is thought by many to be an eight hour exposure because the building appears to be lit by the sun from different angles.
Daguerre had been working since the 1820s on a solution that would react to light, then become fixed and stable. He formed a partnership with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1829, who was working on the same problem. When Niépce died in 1833, he left all of his notes with Daguerre, who soon developed a practical photographic solution.
He shared his process to the world but kept the copyright of the mechanical devices. Unfortunately, a fire in 1839 destroyed everything, and there are fewer than 25 officially recognized Daguerreotypes left in the world.
The following image is said to be the first photographic image of a human. Someone was walking in the park and stopped to get his shoes shined, which may have taken five or six minutes. This is approximately the time of exposure, so you can see the hatted gentleman with a bent knee in the lower left center.
William Fox Talbot was quite the English classic scientist. He is generally regarded as the father of English photography and he developed the technology behind salt paper and calotype process in photography. He is known for the first interesting photographic still life’s. | <urn:uuid:3b643979-b98e-4e22-b1d5-1fad23558c5f> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://johndiestler.com/teaching/photography-2/three-early-photographers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647614.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601042457-20230601072457-00548.warc.gz | en | 0.984304 | 323 | 3.40625 | 3 |
When you see a coral mattress, you can be overwhelmed by an unlimited treasure land. Variations might typically be a bit troublesome to tell apart, as coral reefs might all seem to bear the identical surprise.
coral reef rug normally develop in shallow and heat water, however their geographical location may differ so long as it’s close to a land space. Tropical areas are favorable areas for coral reefs to kind due to the water temperature. It’s normally as a result of distinction on which space they’re fashioned that causes the distinction of their look and high quality.
To have the ability to perceive the styles of coral reefs, it is very important be aware that corals reefs are available two totally different types. These are the laborious corals and the comfortable corals. Arduous corals kind the idea of any coral reef since they develop with laborious, limestone skeleton. There are corals which dwell in reefs however do by no means quickly plant themselves into the ocean mattress. These are the comfortable corals, normally made up of sentimental, glutinous supplies which have additionally contributed because the seabed for creatures. Corals are marine animals, normally small in measurement, normally dwelling under-water in colonies. It’s large colonies of those creatures that make up a coral reef.
As talked about, reefs differ in kind due the variations of their geographical places. The recognized fundamental forms of coral reefs are as follows:
Fringing reefs. Most often, the fringing reefs are younger. Geographical modifications via time might consequence to their reformation into one other form of reefs. Typically, they don’t comprise a considerable lagoon and will merely kind slim platforms. That is normally the favourite for snorkeling lovers and for anybody who would wish to take a peek at nature’s underwater wonderland however want not going too far-off from the land space. These reefs kind alongside a shoreline and merely develop on the continental shelf of shallow water, thus making it extra vulnerable to destruction as they might be the best to entry by human beings.
Barrier reefs, like fringing reefs, develop parallel to shorelines. They’re farther out from the land as in comparison with the fringing reefs. So long as the depth of the seabed is shallow sufficient to permit the expansion and improvement of corals, barrier reefs might develop off the shore. Normally, they’re separated from dry space by a deep lagoon, a coastal physique of water fashioned the place low-lying rock, sand, or coral presents a partial barrier to the open sea. They could typically hinder simple navigation of the lagoon as a result of these sorts of reefs, the barrier reefs, kind a barrier between the lagoon and the seas. Nice Barrier Reef in Australia is reportedly probably the most well-known barrier reef on the earth, stretching over 2300 km and overlaying over 200’000 km2. From the primary continent, it lies between 24 and 240 km.
One other sort of coral reef is the Corals Atolls. Outdated under-water volcanoes are usually the mattress for one of these coral reef as they could kind rings of corals on high of the volcano. These reefs are usually outcomes of evolution of fringe reefs encompass a volcanic island. As a volcano sinks finally, the reef will nonetheless proceed to develop till solely the reef stays Coral progress round these areas could also be attributed to the nice and cozy temperature, which is right for the expansion of corals. They could develop round any form of land formation, ideally of ruble and sand. These reefs will permit the lagoons round them to have colder and recent water. There are additionally some atolls, nonetheless, which aren’t fashioned by sinking islands, as talked about above. Theories have been made that rising sea ranges might have additionally triggered atolls to kind. | <urn:uuid:85d62be5-5ba5-45c0-ae91-5bdb9e8aca36> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://cialispharmacyrxbest.com/types-of-coral-reefs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500126.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204110651-20230204140651-00794.warc.gz | en | 0.947275 | 796 | 2.671875 | 3 |
operetta ŏpərĕt´ə [key], type of light opera with a frivolous, sentimental story, often employing parody and satire and containing both spoken dialogue and much light, pleasant music. In the early 19th-century opéras comiques of Boieldieu, Auber, and Adolphe Adam, there was a growing tendency toward sophistication, preparing the way for Offenbach, who during the French Second Empire created the operetta. The distinction between the operetta and the lighter examples of opéra comique that immediately preceded it is hard to draw; in general the opéra comique makes some appeal to the sentiments, while the French operetta attempts only to amuse. The Viennese operetta, dating from c.1870, did not have the excellent librettists that the French enjoyed; the operettas of Johann Strauss the younger suffered from this defect. Those of Suppé owe much of their virtue to Offenbach's influence. Less distinguished are the products of the early 20th cent., represented by the works of Franz Lehár and Oscar Straus. The immortal operettas of W. S. Gilbert and Sir Arthur Sullivan were to London of the 1880s what Offenbach's works had been to Paris 20 years earlier. The noteworthy composers in American operetta are Victor Herbert and Reginald de Koven. After World War I operettas gradually gave way to musical comedies (see musicals ).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Music: Theory, Forms, and Instruments | <urn:uuid:c5c8e987-0095-4c3b-9b20-d265ad9c3a17> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/arts/performing/music/operetta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998808.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618163443-20190618185443-00325.warc.gz | en | 0.930116 | 356 | 3.265625 | 3 |
African Renewable Energies, a small London–based firm, aims to help poor communities in developing countries earn money and generate electricity from the innumerable rubbish tips around African cities.
The idea is to cover landfill sites with thinfilm solar phovololtaic cells printed on to the flexible membranes used to cap landfills.
Landfills in Africa are often open dumps without leachate or gas recovery systems. Many are located in ecologically or hydrologically sensitive areas and are operated with below-standard sanitary practices.
The solar landfill covers are based upon the use of a single membrane as an integrated and cost-effective solution designed to extract methane from dumpsites and exploit the same land area for solar power generation. Methane extraction is capable of delivering power for 15 to 20 years. This is complemented by low maintenance power provision for a minimum of 25 to 30 years by the solar component.
For every 10 megawatts of power generated by the conversion of landfill gas-to-energy, more than twice as much solar power can be produced during the day when it is most needed. This approach exploits two of Africa’s most plentiful resources – urban waste and solar irradiation.
Trials now taking place in Italy, the US and Nairobi. | <urn:uuid:e27068a6-068f-450f-935e-7f45ebeb66b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.greenbizcafe.com.au/?p=2475 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661768.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00179-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933628 | 260 | 3.15625 | 3 |
YOU ARE LUCKY!
YOU ARE ABOUT TO LEARN THE MOST IMPORTANT FINDINGS AND DISCOVERIES ABOUT THE GREAT PYRAMID'S GEOMETRY,
DISCOVERED BY ENGINEER SAMUEL LABOY
THIS IS NOT A NEW THEORY,
THIS IS A NEW DISCOVERY... A FACT!
A Civil Engineer from Puerto Rico designs the entire geometrical plan of the Great Pyramid
For the first time in the five millenniums years existence of the Great Pyramid, Samuel Laboy, P. E., using a simple geometric process, and the figure of a geometric design pattern, which he discovered and called the Perfect Symbol, designed the entire geometric plan of the Great Pyramid. His design pattern, or Perfect Symbol, consists of the special geometric arrangement of the figures of a circle, a triangle and a square, symbol which has its origin in the science of Geometry.
To prove and evidence his achievement, the author designed a Great Pyramid’s model, using only a geometric process, using no numbers, calculations, or formulas. Consequently, his final plan is dimensionless. His design was created independently from the Great Pyramid’s structure.
After his dimensionless model plan was finished, the radius of the symbol’s circle was set and the entire model plan dimensions and angles were calculated. No other numbers, distances, or angles, were introduced to calculate the dimensions of the pyramid’s model.
After he finished establishing the exterior and interior dimensions of the model pyramid, through a detailed and ample comparison between his model dimensions and those actually measured by surveyors and Egyptologists in the Great Pyramid’s structure, he found that both dimensions, properties and characteristics of the two structures were exactly equal in all their sections.
Consequently, he discovered that his geometric designed plan exactly corresponds to the structure built for the Great Pyramid; as a result, his design represents the original plans of the Great Pyramid’s construction.
He presents in his books the discovery and evidence that the Great Pyramid’s geometry was created using the Perfect Symbol’s arrangement, and that all dimensions, measurements, and angles of the entire structure, are proportionally and derived from only one number, the radius of the circle.
The author indicates that his presentation is not another theory about the Great Pyramid; it is something real, it is something true, and that any Egyptologist, university, or interested student, in any country, using the desire measurement units, can verify or re-work his entire design and will obtain equal results and conclusions.
Something never done before, he also used his geometric pattern or symbol to
design the original entrance to the Great Pyramid, the King’s Chamber and its
five ceilings, the Queen’s Chambers and its “niche”, the Grand Gallery, the
Antechamber and its granite stone slabs including the enigmatic protrusion
symbol apparently carved at the north side an called a “construction boss”.
Besides, he includes the designs of the so-called ventilation shafts, in the
Great Pyramid’s interior. Besides, he presents the designs of the Pyramid of
Chephren, Micerinus, the Red and the enigmatic Bent Pyramid.
READ ABOUT THE NEW INFORMATION FROM ENGINEER SAMUEL LABOY, ABOUT THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS, UNKNOWN TO THE MAINSTREAM EGYPTOLOGISTS and not find in any OTHER PLACE.
See the NEW FORMULAS DEVELOPED BY HIM TO easily DETERMINE THE DIMENSIONS, THE GEOMETRY and THE properties CORRESPONDING TO THE GREAT PYRAMID's structure, AND for THE PYRAMIDS OF CHEPHREN, MICERINUS, THE RED, AND THE BENT PYRAMID.
An invitation to all Egyptologists of the world to examine, not a theory, but a real geometric design of the Great Pyramid
A Puerto Rican Civil Engineer, Samuel Laboy, invites all Egyptologists, Universities, scholars, to examine his design of the Great Pyramid’s structure, using no numbers, no calculations, and even no reference to the Great Pyramid. He indicates that this is not a theory because any interested individual, or University, or scholar, can verify or rework his procedures, using the measurements units of their preference, being cubits, meters, feet, inches or any other, and will arrive to the same results and conclusions.
Before presenting all this information to the public, Laboy sent his documentation and all evidence to Dr. Zahi Hawass in Cairo, the maximum Egyptian Authority to evaluate them, so that he could present these important discoveries to the world. These discoveries represents the greatest findings about the Great Pyramid, and the Bent Pyramid since their construction. The author waited almost two years for Dr. Hawass review and response about these documents, but the answer was never received from Egypt.
Therefore, since this is world’s information, and everybody should know about it, through a DVD (video) and his two Report Books, Engineer Laboy finally exposed all his discoveries and findings to the world, unraveling this 5 millenniums year’s mystery. However, as quoted by the same Dr. Hawass in his website: “The Monuments of Egypt are the heritage of everyone around the world”. Therefore, we are only adding some avenues of approach to understand and give credit to this ancient Egyptian Culture for a job well done, but now, unrecognized by many.
To demonstrate and evidence his discoveries, Engineer Laboy, using only geometry, designed a Great Pyramid’s model, completely and independently from the Great Pyramid’s structure. Then, by his own, he determined the radius of the circle of his pyramid design model and calculated the entire plan using this number. All done, completely apart from the Great Pyramid's structure.
As a great surprise, all calculated dimensions, angles, properties and characteristics of the pyramid’s model, as designed by him, resulted exactly equal to those dimensions, angles, properties and characteristics measured at the Great Pyramid’s structure by surveyors and pyramid's investigators. To demonstrate and evidence his presentation, he presents a detailed and comprehensive analysis between his calculated dimensions and those measured at the Great Pyramid’s structure. As indicated by Laboy, this is not a theory; it is a discovery and very important. It represents the real geometric plan of this World Monument.
Engineer Laboy sent hundreds of “free copies” of his DVD to Egyptologists, and Universities having Egyptology curriculums, including Egyptian Authorities in Egypt. In his DVD, he shows, step by step, the entire pyramid’s model geometric design. It includes every section in the pyramid: the entrance to the pyramid, the Grand Gallery, The Antechamber and the two granite slabs, including the famous called "construction boss", the King's Chamber and its five ceilings, the Queen’s chamber and the "niche", the subterranean chamber, and even the so called ventilation shafts. Nobody questions his work, nobody seems interested, Apparently all doors are closed for investigation, although he said that even a high school student can verified his work. It can be said that, for the first time in history, we have on hands the complete geometric plans of the Great Pyramid.
Therefore, we are able to measure,
directly from the plans, any desire distance in the structure, impossible to
realize without it. From the same design,
Engineer Laboy predicts the most probable location of the real Pharaoh’s Khufu
From another side, he also discovered that Leonardo Da Vinci's drawing about the human body proportions, shows the required data to design the geometric architecture of the Great Pyramid, and that of Micerinus. He said that Leonardo's man when circumscribed by a circle represents the Great Pyramid. While when his square circumscribes the man (having his arms to the sides) represents the Micerinus pyramid's data geometry. Additionally, the cross section of Micerinus pyramid, as shown in his drawing, seems to represent the exact size and location of the Egyptian men's skirts custom as used by the Egyptian men. .
Laboy's books and DVD video are: “A Civil Engineer looks at the Great Pyramid”, and “A Civil Engineer looks at the Great Pyramid, the Supplement”, and his DVD (video) “Modern Evaluation of the Great Pyramid.
NEW FINDINGS AND DISCOVERIES
DISCUSSED BY THE AUTHOR
in his books
LEONARDO DA VINCI ‘S DRAWING
NEW DISCOVERY: ABOUT LEONARDO'S DRAWING:
THE MAN CIRCUMSCRIBED BY THE CIRCLE GENERATES THE GREAT PYRAMID'S GEOMETRY
NEW DISCOVERY: THE MAN CIRCUMSCRIBED BY THE SQUARE GENERATES THE GEOMETRY
OF THE PYRAMID OF MICERINUS
NEW DISCOVERY:THE MAN CIRCUMSCRIBED BY THE SQUARE GENERATES
THE PYRAMIDAL MEN’S SKIRTS CUSTOM USED BY THE EGYPTIANS
NEW DISCOVERY:EXAMPLE FROM MERERUCA’S TOMB
THE GREAT PYRAMID AND MICERINUS STRUCTURE IS ENCLOSED
IN THE PERFECT SYMBOL (PROPORTIONAL DRAWING)
APPLICATION OF GEOMETRY TO DETERMINE HUMAN'S HEIGHT
PYRAMID’S CAPSTONE (BEN-BEN)
PYRAMID’S CAPSTONE (BEN-BEN) - DESIGN OF TOP STONE FOR PYRAMIDS
DESIGN OF THE ORIGINAL ENTRANCE TO THE GREAT PYRAMID
BY SAMUEL LABOY
PYRAMID’S ORIGINAL ENTRANCE DESIGNED ENTRANCE
DESIGN OF THE KING’S CHAMBER
AND ITS FIVE CEILINGS
BY: SAMUEL LABOY
DESIGN OF THE KING’S CHAMBER AND ITS FIVE CEILINGS
DESIGN OF THE GRAND GALLERY BY SAMUEL LABOY
DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL SECTION
GRAND GALLERY - DESIGN WIDTH - CROSS SECTION
QUEEN’S CHAMBER AND ITS “NICHE”
THE QUEEN'S CHAMBER Details of the "niche"
QUEEN’S CHAMBER - LOOKING EAST EAST WALL AND “NICHE”
DOUBLING THE CUBE IN THE PYRAMIDS... ? YES...
THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMID’S BUILDERS
THE MOST INTERESTING PYRAMIDS...
Why the Bent Pyramid in Dahshur, Egypt, is bent?
(Designed by Samuel Laboy)
The Bent Pyramid was built in Dahshur, Egypt, by pharaoh Sneferu, father of Pharaoh Khufu, builder of the Great Pyramid. The Bent Pyramid is better known by its two different angles in its inclined sides. Egyptologists indicates that this Pyramid was under construction, when its initial angle had to be changed; up to the pyramid’s top, as necessary to repair a faulty design of the Egyptian engineers, or by the failure of the structure.
For Engineer Samuel Laboy, from Puerto Rico, this is a simplistic solution which buries well underground one of the most important and historic pyramids design in Egypt. To solve this design, he used the Perfect Symbol system, previously used by him to solve the geometric design of the Great Pyramid, and others. He found that the Bent Pyramid shape is composed of the superimposition of two important and unique pyramid’s designs. He explains that the reasons for the pyramid combined design could be, from the spiritual point of view of the Egyptians, to provide with this new geometric arrangement, a powerful and energetic force to the pyramid.
professional Civil Engineer, Laboy do not accept the theories elaborated to
explain the changes in the angles. He believes the pyramid was designed and
built as iconstructed. He said that the two geometric configurations, when
superimposed, using an equal scale, create a combined configuration exactly
equal to that of the Bent Pyramid.
first model establishes the lower angle of the Bent Pyramid. Its configuration
represents the pyramid that is created with the well-known configuration of a
square circumscribed by a circle. He said that this would be the simplest
pyramid’s design model of a pyramid. The tangent of the slope of this pyramid is
equivalent to the square root of two
(√2). Therefore, the corresponding angle for
this slope is 54° 44’ 8.197”, and as it is known, this is the correct angle for the lower
section of the Bent Pyramid.
The Phi function number (f) is easy to construct using mathematical series, from a square figure, even from a circle. He discovered that the right triangle with sides in the proportion 1:2 is a (Phi function generator). This simple triangle, easily set with three nails and a chord, will provide the solution, or answers, to practically all (f) combinations. This method could have been the ancient (Egyptian-computer) to work out the f functions. However, as known, and experienced by me, Egyptologists have banned the Phi function, and the circle configuration from the pyramid’s studies, and what are really are doing is closing the entrance doors to the pyramid’s geometrical solution.
As a side note,
apparently, the Phi cubed (=
was very important for the Egyptian works. It was used to build the Red Pyramid
and the top of the Bent. This
relation is so important in geometry and Maths, that there is no doubt that the
Egyptian designers knew about it and used it to
strengthen, or give power to their construction works.
From another point and very important, apparently,Pharaoh’s Chephren knew very well about the two angles which formed the Bent Pyramid's structure, He considered them so important that for his pyramid in Giza, he used the combination of the two slope angles which composed the Bent pyramid's structure. Therefore, he multiplied the (square root of 2) = (2)corresponding to the lower section, by 4 divided by (f3) for the upper section. The resulting slope is 1.335402142, which gives the angle 53.17273225° = 53° 10’ 21.83. This is the angle used for his pyramid at Giza.
From another point,Engineer Laboy found and explains in his books how to set the descending passages for the pyramids. Using his geometrical method and the Perfect Symbol, he designed, independently, the descending passage of each of the two pyramid's models of the Bent Pyramid. Therefore, both passages were also superimposed in his Bent Pyramid’s geometric design. He found that the cross section of the pyramid corresponding to the lower section of the Bent Pyramid was set from south to north, therefore, the entrance door is at the north; while the pyramid’s design for the second pyramid, was superimposed from east to west, therefore, the entrance door is located at its west side. Both his designed descending passages corroborate the two descending passages lengths and elevation built for the Bent Pyramid. It is remarkable that the designed passages by Laboy and and the constructed at the Bent Pyramid’s structure, illustrate the same entrance location and elevation.
Laboyconcluded that the superimposition of one pyramid's model design, over the other, creates the two angles shown by the Bent Pyramid. In his model, the vertical distance from the pavement to the change in angle elevation, was calculated as 154.60 ft. As a matter of fact, this is the vertical distance measured at the Bent Pyramid's structure between these two points. In addition, the descending passages and entrance doors, and other calculated dimensions, angles, and lengths are exactly equal to those measured by surveyors at the Bent Pyramid’s structure. We do not need an old papyrus to tell us that his designed plan corresponds to the Bent Pyramid. He said: "Egyptologists can read hieroglyphs, Engineers can read structures".
It is interesting to examine the special case of the Red Pyramid and the upper section of the Bent Pyramid. The ratio between the circumference of the circle and the perimeter of the square (C / P) is equivalent to(p / f³). Note that the perimeter of the square base is equal to the diameter of the circle multiplied by f³, or P = D f³, and also that the radius R = 2 (b) / f³.
That is, the ratio (C / P) = p D / 4 (b) = p D / P = p D / D f³, which finally shows that (C / P) = (p / f³). Having (C / P) = (p / f³), it can be established that the perimeter (P) of the square base for this pyramid would be equal to the diameter (D) of the circle, multiplied by f³, that is, P = D f³, and that R = pyramid’s height = 2 (b) / f³.
I am sure that all of these math's and geometry can be understood by Egyptologists, or can be referred to their favorite Universities for verification. They are irrefutable evidence of the great knowledge in those sciences of the Ancient pyramid builders. We should not negate this ancient Culture their great knowledge in this sciences because they did not left and easy to find papyrus, to prove it. However, they left their extraordinary works to prove that they did them.
PROPERTIES OF THE DESIGN OF THE RED PYRAMID
DESIGN OF RELIGIOUS AND
using the Perfect Symbol
THE ZODIAC OF DENDERA
DESIGN OF THE ZODIAC OF DENDERA ZODIAC
FROM THE BOOK:
A CIVIL ENGINEER LOOKS AT THE GREAT PYRAMID "SUPPLEMENT"
Important information missing from Leonardo’s human proportions drawing!
Leonardo Da Vinci’s drawing about the human body proportions (also called de Vitrubius man) illustrates the figure of a man superimposed in two different positions, one circumscribed by a circle, and the other by a square. He did not mention that they represent the geometry of the Great Pyramid and that of Micerinus.
Leonardo wrote in reference to the man’s positions; ‘If you set your legs so far apart as to take a fourteenth part from your height, “and you open and raise your arms until you touch the line of the crown of the head with your middle fingers, you must know that the center of the circle formed by the extremities of the outstretched limbs will be the navel, and the space between the legs will form an equilateral triangle”. For the man’s second position he indicates; that when the man with his arms extended horizontally and his legs and feet are closer together, the spans of his outstretched arms are equal to his height and his body will be circumscribed by a square.
He wrote that this canon of proportions was one of the parameters that the Creator used to proportion the human figure, but that if applied in every person it would be difficult to distinguish them. This traditional canon of proportions for the human figure provides a system of mathematical and geometrical relationships to represent the anatomical structure of the human body.
Leonardo illustration was based on a passage of the Ten Books of Architecture published by a Roman architect named Marcus Vitruvius; where he explains that the human body can be circumscribed by both a circle and a square. Leonardo’s drawing was sketched to illustrate the Golden Proportion (or f function) in a book to be published at those times by a mathematician known as Lucca Pacioli. However, the knowledge about these properties and characteristics of the humans, shown by Vitruvius and Leonardo, could have had its origin in the ancient Egyptian Culture.
Engineer Samuel Laboy, from Puerto Rico, who designed the entire geometrical plan of the Great Pyramid, and revealed its secrets and dimensions, also discovered missing important information from Leonardo’s drawing. He proved and evidenced that Leonardo’s drawing is based on a section of a geometric symbol, that the ancient Egyptians used as a design pattern for their arts, temples, statues, and pyramid’s designs. This symbol, which Engineer Laboy reinvented about 4 decades ago, and called the Perfect Symbol, permitted him to design the Great Pyramid and many other pyramids, religious temples, art-jewelry, and many other Egyptian constructions designs. All of these is evidenced in his Report books “A Civil Engineer looks at the Great Pyramid, and its Supplement.
He clearly demonstrates that Leonardo’s drawing was derived from his Perfect Symbol. Although Leonardo sketched a modern looking man in his drawing, it is most probable that the original drawing, or geometric idea, could have illustrated an ancient Egyptian man, in Egyptian times.
When he examined Leonardo’s drawing using the perfect Symbol, he discovered some important hidden information in his drawing. It is something that Leonardo did not seem to have noticed, or mentioned in his writings. This information concerns the ancient Egyptian culture, known as the Pyramid Builders. This data, clearly identifies the Great Pyramid and the Pyramid of Micerinus.
Leonardo’s drawing could be better explained using the Perfect Symbol since it represents a section of the symbol’s geometry. Leonardo’s drawing is really a section of the Perfect Symbol and shows all the perfect human dimensions, combined with the perfect pyramid. These three perfect figures are so important for the mankind that he decided to call this new improved symbol, the Universal Symbol. The Universal Symbol, drawn entirely with a straightedge and a drawing compass, shows the construction circle, the triangle (cross sections) and the two squares bases of two pyramids at the Giza Plateau.
The figure corresponding to the man’s circumscribed by the circle, shows the square of the base of the Great Pyramid and its characteristics and properties, the other figure corresponding to the erected man and closed feet, represents the base and characteristics of the pyramid of Micerinus.
Going further about this Universal Symbol, the proportional cross section corresponding to the Pyramid of Micerinus identifies what clearly be interpreted as the origin of the pyramidal men’s skirts fashion, used by the ancient Egyptian men. All this information is missing from Leonardo’s drawing. These important discoveries link his drawing with the ancient Egyptian times. These findings never have been exposed before by anyone.
If the radius of the circle is set equal to 1, the entire Universal drawing can be calculated. If the radius is set equal to the pyramid’s height, the triangle will exactly represent the Great Pyramid’s cross section and angles, the cross section of the pyramid of Micerinus dimensions and angles. This information is completely exposed and evidenced in the Author Report-books.
As can be seen, Leonardo drew a numerical scale at the base of his drawing, where he sets the value of f as the side length of the square, equivalent to 24 units. Therefore, we have to assume he drew his drawing base on this scale. On the contrary, the universal symbol, created by Engineer Laboy using just a straightedge and a drawing compass, permits us to perfectly draw his drawing using no numbers, scales, or mathematics calculations. All corresponding figures are shown in his Report Books.
If the radius of the circle is made equal to (1.00 unit), the diameter is equivalent to (2.00). The horizontal numerical scale shown in Leonardo's drawing represents the f function = 1.6180339 = 24 units shown at the base.The vertical f scale, illustrated by Laboy completes Leonardo's square.
DECODING THE GREAT PYRAMID'S CONFIGURATION AND LEONARDO'S DRAWING
USING THE PERFECT SYMBOL
I remodeled Leonardo’s drawing to show his man's figure which shows and establishes the cross section of the Great Pyramid. If the radius of the circle is made equal to one (1), called a unitary circle, the entire figure can be accurately calculated. However, the radius can be any number using any measuring units. To obtain the Great Pyramid's dimensions in feet, set the radius equal to (153 timesπ) = 480.6637 ft. If you want meters, use 146.50807 meters. If Egyptian cubits, use 279.5920 cubits of 20.63 inches. The results will be expressed in the units used for the radius. In other words, the drawing is a design template.
The calculated angles of the sides of the pyramid are 51.827293°. Note that the completed design of the pyramid includes the triangle PQN, which illustrate the important underground area of the pyramid, established between points PHTN.
From the other part, the man’s circumscribed by a square establishes the characteristics and properties of the Pyramid of Micerinus (cross section of triangle between points (OSL). The blue triangle between points (b), (a) and (O) set the angle 51.026554° = 51° 1’ 35.59” between the corners of the square set by points (a, b, c, and d). This angle corresponds to the Pyramid of Micerinus. The circle tangent to the inclined blue lines establishes the pyramid’s height as 214.9593, and the base of the pyramid as 347.62.48 ft. It is important to note that the dimensions of the pyramid of Micerinus are derived using the radius as 480.6637 ft.
The internal design of the Great Pyramid, as established by the Perfect Symbol, shows us the spiritual reasons for their existence and locations of its sections. They superimposed the geometric concepts and parameters used by our Creator with the human existence with the pyramid's structure. Observe that the man's navel represents the center of the circle which circumscribed the man. For the humans is the chord that extends life continuance. For the pyramid represents the center of the base of the Great Pyramid.
The underground center of the base of the pyramid, at point X, showing the Phi = f point location, corresponds to the genitals location, which denotes man's reproduction and satisfaction, eternity, pleasure. This is the perfect location for the real pharaoh's Mortuary chamber. It is the most important location of the entire figure. The ascending passage and the Grand Gallery permits to elevate the Pharaoh's soul to the King's Chamber elevation, which corresponds to the man's heart elevation in the human figure. Then, through the antechamber it moves horizontally to inside the King's Chamber, where the sarcophagus is located. It is like Like the soul looking for the human's heart location. Therefore, it makes sense the comment that the sarcophagus in the King's Chamber vibrates at the same frequency as the human heart.
The combination of the three figures, the perfect Symbol, Leonardo's drawing, and the Great Pyramid's geometry, lead us to think about a secret spiritual connection between the three symbols.
Somehow Leonardo, like a Super human he was, to use his drawing as a means to stimulate humans to free and clean his soul to enter unknown spaces, which will provide the "real peace and security. You can use as reference, the new and extraordinary book "The Super Human Effect" by Dennis Rodriguez.
The Super Human Effect
Author: Dennis Rodriguez
As the figure of the man in Leonardo's drawing, when circumscribed by the circle represents the Great Pyramid, and when circumscribed by the square, represents the Pyramid's of Micerinus, Author Rodriguez added the wings to Leonardo's man's drawing, representing his search and quest for the moment when everything changes.
POSSIBLE EGYPTIAN DRAWING WHICH MAY
HAVE INSPIRED VITRUVIUS AND LEONARDO, TO DRAW A SIMILAR SKETCH
The following figure, sketched by Engineer Laboy, suggests a possible Egyptian drawing of the human figure, using his discovered geometric Symbol, which exactly set the geometry of the Great Pyramid, and that of Micerinus, in Leonardo's drawing.
As known, besides the Great Pyramid, and that of Micerinus, we find the Pyramid of Chephren in the Giza's area. There is a notable correlation between these two Giza's pyramids, and the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur in Egypt. As stated, for the Bent Pyramid, the slope angle of the lower section is defined by 2, where its angle is represented by the slope 1.414243562, or 54.73561032° = 54° 44' 8.197". The upper section angle is defined by (4 / f3) = 0.94427191, for an angle of 43 21' 29.51".
From another side, The slope of the pyramid of Chephren corresponds to the product of the two different slopes which composes the Bent Pyramid's design. In other words, (2)(4/f3) = 1.335402142 slope, which indicates an angle of 53° 10’ 21.84”. This angle corresponds to Chephren's Pyramid angle.
It can also be said that the square root of two (=2) multiplied by ratio between the area of the base of the Great Pyramid and Micerinus, equal to (4 / f3), also represents the slope angle of the Chephren Pyramid.
THE UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
Copyright © 2010 Samuel Laboy
All Rights Reserved
POSSIBLE EGYPTIAN DRAWING ORIGINATING
LEONARDO'S HUMAN PROPORTION SKETCH
Concept and drawing by: Samuel Laboy
DISCOVERY: 1. THE MAN'S FIGURE CIRCUMSCRIBED BY THE CIRCLE
WILL SET UP THE GREAT PYRAMID'S GEOMETRY
DISCOVERY: 2. THE MAN'S FIGURE CIRCUMSCRIBED BY THE SQUARE
WILL SET UP THE PYRAMID OF MICERINUS GEOMETRY
THE PYRAMID OF MICERINUS
IN LEONARDO’S DRAWING
Observe that there is a small difference in the horizontal span distance between the ends of the middle fingers of the man touching the circle = (2 / √f), and when he is touching the vertical sides of the square = f. They correspond to the sides of the square (drawn by Leonardo) and the other added by engineer Laboy.This small difference creates the data between the Great Pyramid and Micerinus.
THE MAN'S FIGURE CIRCUMSCRIBED BY THE SQUARE:
SET UP THE PYRAMID OF MICERINUS' GEOMETRY
This small differences between the two spans, changes the triangle’s slope formed when a line is set between the top of the circle (Q) to the point of intersection of the projection of the vertical sides of the squares in the horizontal diameter.
For the Great Pyramid cross section, the inclined line from point Q goes to point H and T. This geometric arrangement exposes the information needed to design the Great Pyramid.
On the other hand, a similar condition exists for the inclined lines traced from point Q to the intersection between the horizontal diameter and the vertical lines, corresponding to the square with f sides. To facilitate the drawing, the center O of the circle will be used instead the Q point, but is equal. The two inclined lines will be traced from point O, to point (a) and to point (b), as shown in the next figure. The angle of these two inclined lines corresponds to the pyramid of Micerinus. However, when from point O is traced a circumference tangent to lines UK and VK, that the height and the base length of the Pyramid of Micerinus is revealed.
I named this extension of the Perfect Symbol as the Universal Symbol, shown it the next figure. As shown, in the diagrams the Universal Symbol can be resolved using units of f, using units of numbers, or any other units of measurements desired by the user. For the example in the figure the radius is equal to 1 and the diameter = 2. To calculate the desire section, multiply the formula by the desired radius for the circle.
THE KEY ARCHITECTURAL TEMPLATE FOR EGYPTIAN DESIGNS, AND MANY OTHER CULTURES IS THE ILLUSTRATED BELOW. IT WAS CREATED, DESIGNED AND COPYRIGHTED BY SAMUEL LABOY, AND NAMED THE UNIVERSAL SYMBOL.
THE UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
THEUPPER (RED) TRIANGLE DEFINES THE GREAT PYRAMID
THE LOWER (ORANGE) TRIANGLE DEFINES THE PYRAMID OF MICERINUS
DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION OF BOTH PYRAMIDS
The face angle of the pyramids of the Great Pyramid and of Micerinus comes from the Perfect Symbol. However, that of the Pyramid of Chephren, represents the product of the two important pyramids which composed the unique design of the Bent Pyramid.
The next figure is an enlarged figure of the lower left section of the previous figure. In the next enlarged figure, the inclined red line crossing the horizontal diameter establishes the location of the vertical lines of the square corresponding to the man circumscribed by a circle. This same location establishes the width of the square, determined as (D / b) = (2) (2 / √f) = 1.5723028. This slope angle yields the angle 51.82729236 = 51° 49’ 38.25” The side’s length is b = (2 / √f) (480.6637) = 755.7488 ft. This information corresponds to the Great Pyramid.
ENLARGED SECTION TO ILLUSTRATE
THE CHANGES IN ANGLES
The sides of the square, or span distance between the middle fingers of the man is equal to f. Its height = 1.0, the tangent of the slope is (D / b) = (2 / f) = 1.236067978, with an angle equal to 51.02655266° = 51° 01’ 35.59”. This angle corresponds to the pyramid of Micerinus. Since the slope tangent is (D / b) = 1.236067978, then. D = (1.236067978) f = 2. For a pyramid's height of 214.95 ft, and a diameter D = 429.90 ft. The sides (b) of the square between points (1, 2, 3, and 4), correspond to (R) f = (R) (1.6180339). For a pyramid’ height (R) = 214.95 ft., the side length would be 214.95 (f) = 347.80 ft, which represents the sides of the Pyramid of Micerinus.
The red square in the above figure represents the base of the Great Pyramid, where its sides are equal to b = 2 (R) / √f. From the other part, the blue square represents the base of the pyramid of Micerinus, where its sides are equal to:
b = R (f).
PYRAMID OF MICERINUS SQUARE BASE = (f) (f)
Therefore, it can be said that in Leonardo’s drawing, the figure of the man circumscribed by a circle, represents the Great Pyramid, while when circumscribed by a square represents the Pyramid of Micerinus. The figure, illustrated below, shows the cross section of the Pyramid of Micerinus which is exactly equal to the men's skirt custom used by the Egyptians. Note that the navel of the man's figure establishes the top location of the skirt, exactly like that of the Egyptians.
PYRAMID OF MICERINUS GEOMETRY
The base area of the Great Pyramid is (2 / √f)2 and the base area of the Pyramid of Micerinus is (f)2. Therefore the ratio between both areas is (2 /√f)2 / (f)2 = 4 / f3. This number is equal to 0.94427191, which represents the tangent of the angle 43.35819755° = 43° 21' 29.51". This angle corresponds to the slope of the Red pyramid and the upper section of the Bent Pyramid.
From another point, the square root of two, multiplied by the ratio of the Great Pyramid base area and Micerinus, gives the slope angle of the Pyramid of Chephren, (√2) (4 / f3)= 1.335402142 = 53.17273225° = 53° 10' 21.84".
The properties of the angle of the Red Pyramid and that of the upper section of the Bent Pyramid is unique. For these pyramids. when the diameter of the circle (D) is multiplied byπ, it gives the circumference of the circle (C = D (π), but when the same diameter is multiplied by f3 it gives the perimeter of the sbase of the pyramid (D f3) = P, = 4(b). Therefore, for this special pyramid, the ratio of the circumference to the perimeter D (π) / (D f3) = (π / f3). This represents a special property for this pyramid. Thus, the side length of the base (b) = (D f3)/4 = (R f3)/ 2.
This is the slope angle of the Red Pyramid and of the upper section of the Bent pyramid. Therefore, Pharaoh's Chephren combined the two slopes of the Bent Pyramid for his pyramid at Giza. The √2 slope of lower section and (4 / f3) of the upper section = (√2) (4 / f3) = 1.335402142. The angle for this function is 53.17273225° = 53° 10’ 21.83”, angle which correspond to the slope of the Pyramid of Chephren..
As demonstrated and evidence, the bent of the pyramid is not created by a wrong design, or a building's failure, as believe by scholars. It is created from the superimposition of the designs of two different pyramids. These two pyramids have extraordinary characteristics and properties. The pyramid that set ups the angle of the lower section of the Bent Pyramid is created when the figure of a circle circumscribes a square. For this pyramid, its angle of the faces isrepresented by √2 = 1.414243562 or 54.73561032° = 54° 44' 8.197". This is exactly the angle measured at the pyramid.
In his writings, Leonardo Da Vinci did not mention the Perfect Symbol, or the Universal Symbol’s arrangement, nor the Great Pyramid, or any other figure that could be derived from his sketch, or which fit his drawing. We do not know, or never will know, if he knew about and never mentioned it, or he missed to find it. He drawing only shows the man’s superimposed double figure, one to be inscribed by a circle, and the other by a square.
LEONARDO'S CIRCLE AND SQUARE
Leonardo's circle and square were apparently drawn proportionally based on the numbered scale of 24 units as shown at the baseline of his original sketch. He sets the value of (f) = 24 units). This suggests that Leonardo made his drawing based on this "numbered scale". However Leonardo could have drawn the circle and the square by using simple geometry, as I will demonstrate in my next figure.
Divide line (III-IV) at its midpoint K and set the vertical line KQ and the inclined line K (II).
3. Set a compass at point II, and using the distance (II-Q) as radius, draw the Arc QS. Mark point N at the intersection of line K-II with the arc QS.
4.Set the compass at point K, and using as radius KN, draw an arc from one side of the square to the other side (mark points L, O, and M).
5. Set the compass at point O, and using line OK as radius, draw the circumference of a circle.
6. If the radius of the circle is one (R = 1), the sides of the square are equal to Phi (= 1.6180039). The formula is b = R (f), this formula corresponds To the Pyramid of Micerinus.
Therefore, the circle and the square arrangement shown in the drawing represent Leonardo’s figures of the circle and the square. He only needed to draw the man’s superimposed positions to complete his famous drawing.
THE HUMAN'S FIGURE CIRCUMSCRIBED IN THE CIRCLE
IN LEONARDO’S DRAWING REPRESENTS
THE GREAT PYRAMID'S GEOMETRICAL DATA
Observe in the drawing that the inclined sides of the Great Pyramid, when extended to intercept the circumference of the circle below the base-line, creates the underground area below the pyramid, used for corridors and chambers. The location of point X establishes in the pyramid’s model the control point X (= f), which will represent in Leonardo’s drawing, the human’s genital reproduction organs. As a revealing fact, the human’s genitals represent the location of a Symbol of Reproduction, Eternity, Satisfaction, House of Peace, Power, and Control. At the same time, it illustrates the balance and control point for the whole pyramidal structure. I believe this would be the better selection for Pharaoh’s Khufu Mortuary Chamber construction. The man’s circumscribed by a circle reveals the characteristics and properties of identification of the Great Pyramid (the triangle HQT).
In the same drawing, the man’s circumscribed by a square reveals the characteristics and properties of the Pyramid of Micerinus (the triangle SOL). The triangle formed between points (HOT) exposes the cross sectional view of the pyramid of Micerinus, showing its top, at the man's navel.
GEOMETRIC PLANS IN RELATION TO THE GREAT PYRAMID
AND THAT OF MICERINUS
THE GREAT PYRAMID AS A TRIBUTE TO MANKIND
The figure of the circle, the triangle, and the square coming from the Perfect Symbol, combined with Leonardo's drawing (the Egyptian representation) and the Great Pyramid's structure, clearly exposed the significance and existence of this Great Monument of the world, known as the Great Pyramid.
As it can be observed from the following composed figure, where I added the Great Pyramid showing its interior section, the geometrical and mathematical relations present enough data to build the mentioned pyramid at the Giza's Plateau. Therefore, there is no doubt that the Egyptians engineers had known about the properties and characteristics of this drawing composition by the time the pyramids were built.
Mereruka’s Tomb - The cross section of the pyramid of Micerinus
represents themen’s skirt fashion used by the Egyptians
PARAMETERS TO DETERMINE THE HUMAN’S HEIGHT
BY: SAMUEL LABOY
Draw a circle and trace its vertical and horizontal diameters.
2.Using a compass, from point K and distance KO as radius, trace an arc to cut the circumference at point (a) and (b).
3.Set a horizontal line from point (a) to point (b) and mark point N at its Intersection with the vertical diameter.
4.Set the compass at point N, and using the distance from N to A as radius, trace an arc from point A to point B, and mark point S at its intersection With the vertical diameter.
5.The figure illustrates the vertical distance K to S, which is equal to f = 1.6180039, which represents the man’s height.
6.The vertical distance SQ represents (1 / f2 ) = 0.3819660, or the circle’s free space over the crown of the man’s head. Therefore, the diameter of the circle is f (= 1.6180039) + (1 / f2 ) (= 0.3819660) = 2.00. Using this procedure, the height of the man, painting, statue, etc. can be established, as shown in the next figures.
HUMAN HEIGHT’S PROPORTIONS
HUMAN’S HEIGHT DETERMINATION USING GEOMETRY
DESIGN OF THE EGYPTIAN’S MEN'S SKIRT FASHION
BASED ON THE PERFECT SYMBOL
Egyptians men’s pyramid skirts -having its top at his navel
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If it’s zero degrees outside today and it’s supposed to be twice as cold tomorrow, how cold is it going to be?
Here is the answer. The question says only zero degrees. It does not specify any metric like Celsius, Farenheit, or Kelvin.
So if they mentioned in any one of the metric unit, we can easily convert to the other.
Say for Instance they told 0 degree in Celsius
then 0 degree celsius = 273 Kelvin = 32 degree Farenheit, so doubling it will be as follows
273*2 = 546 Kelvin = 1.9 degree celsius
32*2 = 64 deg. Farenheit = 1.9 degree celsius
Use same trick if they mention it in 0 degree farenhiet or kelvin.
🙂 Be smart… | <urn:uuid:942d54bd-f1a2-44aa-9d57-804921603bb4> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://propelsteps.wordpress.com/2013/09/20/curious-question-8-please-comment-your-answers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058589.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928002254-20210928032254-00512.warc.gz | en | 0.81276 | 173 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Most scientists have gone along with the science fiction aficionados, reasoning that with 100 million stars in our galaxy there is statistically some likelihood of other Earthlike worlds orbiting at least some of them. But the first real evidence that our solar system was not unique came in 1983. An American-Dutch-UK infrared astronomy satellite known as IRAS found some 50 stars that seem to be surrounded by discs of gas and dust. Astronomers believe that the Sun and planets condensed from just such a rotating disc of interstellar material some 5 billion years ago. Like a giant gramophone record with the Sun at its hub, the rotating solar disk probably extended far beyond the present orbit of the outermost planet, Pluto.
While supersonic solar winds from mature stars such as the Sun soon blow away most of the surrounding material, newcomers to the galaxy that have only recently begun their nuclear reactions still retain their dense, dusty shrouds, which may actually be the swaddling clothes of new planets. Unfortunately, such cold clouds do not glow visibly for observation in optical telescopes, so astronomers turn to telescopes operating in the infrared region, such as the UK Infrared Telescope in Hawaii and the instruments on board IRAS. Many more of these cool circumstellar clouds may be revealed in the next few years by the European Space Agency's newly launched Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), which is much more sensitive than IRAS.
Further breakthroughs are being provided by the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope. A recent survey of the famous Orion Nebula revealed more than 150 circumstellar disks tilted at different angles to Earth. The dark discs were silhouetted against the brightly illuminated background of the hot nebula.
Finding huge discs of material billions of miles across is one thing. Trying to prove the existence of individual planets is quite another. Even the most sensitive detectors attached to the largest telescopes cannot yet detect Jupiter-size planets around relatively nearby stars.
Yet progress is being made. Within the past year, several faint objects known as brown dwarfs have been identified. One of these, Gliese 229B, is at least 250,000 times dimmer than the Sun and is the faintest object ever seen orbiting another star. With an estimated mass 20 to 50 times that of Jupiter, the brown dwarf is too large and hot to be considered a planet but too small and cool to shine like a star.
One of the most fascinating revelations about this unusual object is the discovery that, like Jupiter, it is rich in methane. Familiar to us as natural gas, methane is a common constituent of large gas planets but is not found in ordinary stars. It seems that Gliese 229B shines dimly because it is gradually heating up as it shrinks in size through gravitational collapse. Jupiter has a similar, though much weaker, internal heat source. Although it probably originated as the smaller member of a binary star system, some astronomers believe that it may be the first known example of a "superplanet".
Recent discoveries suggest that, despite their wide differences, the nine planets of our solar system may not be fully representative examples of the planetary population in the universe as a whole. In 1991, two American radio astronomers declared that they had discovered regular variations in the radio waves emitted by a strange, dense star known at a pulsar. These variations are now accepted as firm evidence for the existence of at least two planets orbiting the star.
Unfortunately, this pulsar is not a normal star like our Sun. It is an ancient remnant of a star that exploded more than a billion years ago. Such a violent event would have completely blown away any planets, so the orbiting companions must have evolved in more recent times. According to Professor Andrew King of Leicester University, the planets must have formed from the remains of a small companion star that was completely disrupted by the pulsar. "The material goes into a large, disclike nebula, like the rings of Saturn, around the pulsar," he said. "This nebula would be an ideal place to form planets."
Last November, the discovery of an equally strange planet was announced by two Swiss astronomers, who noticed a regular wobble in a nearby star known as 51 Pegasi. They deduced that a large object was pulling on the star. Although 51 Pegasi is similar to the Sun, nothing like its new-found companion exists in the solar system. If the planet exists, it must be about the same size as Jupiter, but its orbital distance is only 8 million kilometres so that it sweeps around the star once every four days compared with 12 years for Jupiter.
What are the chances of finding life on smaller, Earthlike worlds? Sadly, not very high. Neither the Hubble Space Telescope nor modern ground- based instruments are sufficiently sensitive to detect such small bodies over cosmic distances. As for the existence of alien life, no one knows. A dedicated team of American radio astronomers persists in scanning the radio waves for any sign of an alien intelligence, but our galactic neighbours remain stubbornly silent.
The arguments for and against are summarised in a recently published book entitled Extraterrestrials. Where Are They? in which one of the contributors, Dr Michael Hart, concludes: "The universe ... contains an infinite number of inhabited planets, but the chance that any specific galaxy will contain life is extremely small. Most intelligent races should see no other civilisations in their galaxy; indeed, they should see no others in the entire portion of the universe which they are able to observe with their telescopes." Such is current scientific orthodoxy.
'Extraterrestrials. Where Are They?' is edited by Ben Zuckerman and Michael Hart and published by Cambridge University Press.
Peter Bond is the space science adviser for the Royal Astronomical Society.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:72c23671-ba1d-4198-827e-2d157e30bd17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/no-little-green-men-from-mars-as-yet-1324263.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00065-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952212 | 1,165 | 4.46875 | 4 |
Case management assigns the administration of care for an outpatient individual with a serious mental illness to a single person (or team); this includes coordinating all necessary medical and mental health care, along with associated supportive services.
Case management tries to enhance access to care and improve the continuity and efficiency of services. Depending on the specific setting and locale, case managers are responsible for a variety of tasks, ranging from linking clients to services to actually providing intensive clinical or rehabilitative services themselves. Other core functions include outreach to engage clients in services, assessing individual needs, arranging requisite support services (such as housing, benefit programs, job training), monitoring medication and use of services, and advocating for client rights and entitlements.
Case management is not a time-limited service, but is intended to be ongoing, providing clients whatever they need whenever they need it, for as long as necessary.
Over the past 50 years, there have been fundamental changes in the system of mental health care in America. In the 1950s, mental health care for persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses (like schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , severe depression, and schizoaffective disorder ) was provided almost exclusively by large public mental hospitals. Created as part of a reform movement, these state hospitals provided a wide range of basic life supports in addition to mental health treatment, including housing, meals, clothing and laundry services, and varying degrees of social and vocational rehabilitation .
During the latter half of the same decade, the introduction of neuroleptic medication provided symptomatic management of seriously disabling psychoses. This breakthrough, and other subsequent reforms in mental health policy (including the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 and the Supplemental Security Income [SSI] program in 1974), provided incentives for policy makers to discharge patients to the community and transfer state mental health expenditures to the federal government.
These advances—coupled with new procedural safeguards for involuntary patients, court decisions establishing the right to treatment in the least restrictive setting, and changed philosophies of care—led to widespread deinstitutionalization . In 1955 there were 559,000 persons in state hospitals; by 1980, that number had dropped to 132,000. According to the most recent data from the U.S. Center for Mental Health Services, while the number of mental health organizations providing 24-hour services (hospital inpatient and residential treatment) more than doubled in the United States from 1970 to 1998, the number of psychiatric beds provided by these organizations decreased by half.
As a result of deinstitutionalization policies, the number of patients discharged from hospitals has risen, and the average length of stay for newly admitted patients has decreased. An increasing number of patients are never admitted at all, but are diverted to a more complex and decentralized system of community-based care. Case management was designed to remedy the confusion created by multiple care providers in different settings, and to assure accessibility, continuity of care, and accountability for individuals with long-term disabling mental illnesses.
Models of case management
The two models of case management mentioned most often in the mental health literature are assertive community treatment (ACT) and intensive case management.
A third model, clinical case management, refers to a program where the case manager assigned to a client also functions as their primary therapist.
Assertive community treatment
The ACT model originated in an inpatient research unit at Mendota State Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin in the late 1960s. The program's architects, Arnold Marx, M.D., Leonard Stein, M.D. and Mary Ann Test, Ph.D., sought to create a "hospital without walls." In this model, teams of 10–12 professionals— including case managers, a psychiatrist , nurses, social workers , and vocational specialists—are assigned ongoing responsibility 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, for a caseload of approximately 10 clients with severe and persistent mental illnesses.
ACT uses multidisciplinary teams, low client-to-staff ratios, an emphasis on assertive outreach, provision of in-vivo services (in the client's own setting), an emphasis on assisting the client in managing their illness, assistance with ADL (activities of daily living) skills, emphasis on relationship building, and emotional support, crisis intervention (as necessary) and an orientation, whenever possible, towards providing clients with services rather than linking them to other providers.
Compared to other psychosocial interventions the program has a remarkably strong evidence base. Twenty-five randomized controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that these programs reduce hospitalization , homelessness , and inappropriate hospitalization; increase housing stability; control psychiatric symptoms; and improve quality of life, especially among individuals who are high users of mental health services. The ACT model has been implemented in 33 states.
Intensive case management
Intensive case management practices are typically targeted to individuals with the greatest service needs, including individuals with a history of multiple hospitalizations, persons dually diagnosed with substance abuse problems, individuals with mental illness who have been involved with the criminal justice system, and individuals who are both homeless and severely mentally ill.
A recent (2002) mail survey of 22 experts found that while intensive case management shares many critical ingredients with ACT programs, its elements are not as clearly articulated. Another distinction between intensive case management and ACT appears to be that the latter relies more heavily on a team versus individual approach. In addition, intensive case managers are more likely to "broker" treatment and rehabilitation services rather than provide them directly. Finally, intensive case management programs are more likely to focus on client strengths, empowering clients to fully participate in all treatment decisions.
Clinical case management
A meta-analytic study comparing ACT and clinical case management found that while the generic approach resulted in increased hospital admissions, it significantly decreased the length of stay. This suggests that the overall impact of clinical case management is positive. Consistent with prior research, the study concluded that both ACT and high-quality clinical case management should be essential features of any mental health service system. One of the greatest tragedies of deinstitutionalization has been that most families, without any training or support, often become de facto case managers for their family members.
Case management for children and adolescents
Case management is also used to coordinate care for children with serious emotional disturbances—diagnosed mental health problems that substantially disrupt a child's ability to function socially, academically, and emotionally. Although not a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the handbook published by the American Psychiatric Association used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders, the term "serious emotional disturbance" is commonly used by states and the federal government to identify children with the greatest service needs. While the limited research on case management for children and youth with serious emotional disturbances has been primarily focused on service use rather than clinical outcomes, there is growing evidence that case management is an effective intervention for this population.
Case management models used for children vary considerably. One model, called "wraparound," helps families develop a plan to address the child's individual needs across multiple life domains (home and school, for example). Research on the effectiveness of this model is still in an early stage. Another model, known as the children and youth intensive case management or expanded broker model had been evaluated in two controlled studies. Findings suggest that this broker/advocacy model results in behavioral improvements and fewer days in hospital settings.
In recent years, many case management programs have expanded their teams to successfully utilize consumers as peer counselors and family members as outreach workers. The programs have also been adapted to serve older individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses. While the ACT model offers the strongest evidential base for its effectiveness, research into the clinical and service system outcomes of this and other models of case management is ongoing.
The effectiveness of any case management program depends upon the availability of high-quality treatment and support services in a given community, the structure and coordination of the service system, and on the ability of an individual or family to pay for care either through private insurance or (more often) through public benefit and entitlement programs. With recent policy directives from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (formerly the Health Care Financing Administration or HCFA) promoting the use of Medicaid funds for ACT, more states are funding case management through Medicaid. While some policy makers express concern about costs, the expense of these programs is usually offset by the savings realized from keeping patients out of jails, hospitals, and emergency rooms. Compared to traditional outpatient programs, case management also offers a level of care that is far more comprehensive and humane for a disabled population.
Manderscheid, Ronald W., Joanne E. Atay, María del R. Hernández-Cartagena, Pamela Y. Edmond, Alisa Male, and Hongwei Zhang. Chapter 14. "Highlights of Organized Mental Health Services in 1998 and Major National and State Trends." Mental Health, United States, 2000. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999. Available at: <http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/SMA01-3537/default.asp> .
Nathan, Peter E. and Jack M. Gorman, eds. A Guide to Treatments that Work. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999. <http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/home.html> .
Dixon, Lisa. "Assertive Community Treatment: Twenty-Five Years of Gold." Psychiatric Services 51, no. 6 (June 2000): 759-765.
Schaedle, Richard, John H. McGrew, Gary R. Bond, and Irwin Epstein. "A Comparison of Experts' Perspectives on Assertive Community Treatment and Intensive Case Management." Psychiatric Services 53, no. 2 (February 2002): 207-210.
Ziguras, Stephen J. and Geoffrey W. Stuart. "A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Mental Health Case Management Over 20 Years." Psychiatric Services 51, no. 11, (November 2000): 1410-1421.
PACT across America. National Alliance for the Mentally Ill. (cited 7 April 2002). <http://www.nami.org/about/pact.htm> .
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Water Safety Signs to look out for...
This sign means: Beware - Deep Water
There are three main types of water safety signs you will find when you are around water. Each one has its own meaning, but all of them work to the same system. If you go to the seaside, then there are sometimes special flags to also look out for.
In addition to the water safety signs, you will also find information signs telling you where the toilets are or where you can get first aid. They will also tell you where the public rescue equipment is held.
Water safety signs
This sign means: No Diving
Signs that warn you of danger, are always:
- Triangle shaped
- Yellow background, with black symbols
- They are placed to help you spot a hazard that is not always obvious
They mean that you should be aware of something.
Signs that mean you should not do something,
This sign means: Lifejackets must be worn.
- A red ring shape, with a line running through
- White background, red line and black symbols or shapes
- They inform you of things you are not supposed to do
These signs tell you that it would be dangerous to do something, or go in that place.
Signs that mean you should do something, are always:
- Blue and circle shaped
- White symbols or shapes
- They inform you of things you need to do
These signs tell you that you should do something to be safe.
You can download the full list of Water Safety Signs (PDF 253kb), or take our Quiz...
Other signs you might see:
This sign means: Rescue equipment (this way).
- White background
- Black symbols or text
These signs help you either find something, or get somewhere.
Safe condition signs, are always:
- Green background
- White symbols or text
These signs tell you where important safety items are such as the first aid place, or the emergency telephone.
Water safety flags
At beaches there are flags to tell us when and where it is safe to use the water.
This red flag means it is unsafe to be in the water.
Water safety code
Learning the Water Safety Code means you will know how you can be safe in and around water.
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Soil fertility is maintained through cultivation of legumes, green manuring, green leaf manuring, crop rotations, inter and mixed cropping including legumes. The conservation of land or soil is known as soil conservation.
This grouping indicates that the predisposition for forming nodules probably only arose once in flowering plants and that it can be considered as an ancestral characteristic that has been conserved or lost in certain lineages.
Organic farming means farming in the spirit of organic relationship between soil, water and plants; between soil, soil microbes and waste products; between the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom; between agriculture and forestry; between soil, water and atmosphere.
Soybeans contain high amount of complete proteins and fats, thus, remain important source of proteins to people in the Far East and Southeast Asia, and to the rest of the world.
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Review on the article example analysis environment in english essay year Its compounds are subject to minimal loss by leaching.Leguminous species contains Rhizobium bacteria like soybeans in their roots that convert gaseous nitrogen to nitrogenous compounds.
Since nitrogen is abundant to the atmosphere only specialized species (leguminous plant) can break nitrogen. And this is the reasons why leguminous species becomes unique and different to there organisms. The legume, the bacteria, and the nodule constitute the system for the symbiotic nitrogen fixation, where both the bacteria and the plant benefit by the association.
The bacteria obtain their nutrients and source of energy from the plant, and in turn, fix atmospheric nitrogen and made it available to the plant.
legume - the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attach to one side of the case bean plant, bean - any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods pea plant, pea - a leguminous.
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Essay about hiking university students research paper topics in finance government leguminous plants essay the quarrel essay in water crisis essay about travelling experience unusually writing and effective essay on technology narrative essay event bullying. All leguminous plants belong to the pea (Fabaceae) family.
This enormous group includes more than 16, distinct species. Leguminous annuals, perennials, shrubs, vines and trees have adapted to a range of growing conditions around the globe. Many of them have become critically important food crops.Download | <urn:uuid:581f8dd3-345e-449c-a679-9f920202b16d> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://lyvixip.fmgm2018.com/essay-on-leguminous-plants-9754hm.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314353.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818231019-20190819013019-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.887319 | 1,402 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Answer to Question #4394 in MatLAB | Mathematica | MathCAD | Maple for Dickoda Anglin
and the voltage just draw the line from your point then pass through zero.I=V/R
So when V=0 I=0also
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for any assignment or question with DETAILED EXPLANATIONS! | <urn:uuid:2054d4bd-16a4-4725-8281-c35780a21ced> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.assignmentexpert.com/homework-answers/programming-and-computer-science/matlab-mathematica-mathcad-maple/question-4394 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267155702.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180918205149-20180918225149-00377.warc.gz | en | 0.669843 | 91 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Going forward, you can expect this shift in healthcare and treatment to only pick up steam. This is because of AI's critical role in analyzing the enormous amount of data being generated. This analysis offers insights into the greatest challenges and opportunities in the healthcare space. You can expect to see benefits that support the overall employee experience, from cost savings to improved clinical outcomes. To fully understand the future of healthcare and AI, it's critical to look at what’s happening in the world and where that leaves the industry.
How AI In Healthcare Is Increasing Value And Improving Outcomes
Patients have been generating ever-increasing amounts of data, with telehealth and virtual primary care solutions fueling this trend. A desire to receive care away from the doctor's office and hospital means that AI applications will have even more data to enhance analysis and influence recommendations. Think of hospitals using machine learning and AI technology to improve disease predictions for conditions such as cancer, osteoporosis, and heart disease. In one instance, researchers at the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center worked with IBM Watson's Genomic product to perform big data analysis and identify treatment options for patients with tumors that featured genetic abnormalities. Health insurers often have some of the largest health data repositories that continue growing rapidly. The more data we have, the more powerful and accurate predictions it makes.
Going Beyond Clinical Into Meaningful Human Connection
Applications have extended well beyond traditional clinical boundaries. AI software is being used to support workplace wellness, earning higher levels of trust for wellness messaging. In fact, a global survey of 8,300 human resources (HR) managers found that 64% of workers trusted conversations with chatbots over communication with their managers.
In a time where employers are grappling with mental health in the workplace, this is a powerful finding. AI's "discretion" and objectivity around personal matters are discussed in HR spaces to encourage employee comfort in initiating potentially embarrassing or uncomfortable conversations.
AI has also made great strides in expanding the capabilities of wearable technology – a category of sensor devices worn as accessories. Wearable technology can help people connect and support each other while working remotely or at multiple locations. Virtual wellness activities can include tracking fitness or exercise, sleep habits, meditation, or drinking enough water.
AI and machine learning goes beyond providing valuable insights into current health issues. Employers can receive predictive insights that alert them to important trends, patterns, and risk factors for serious conditions such as thyroid disease, stroke, or opioid dependence. Then, AI can deliver action steps to help leaders intervene with effective treatments, disease management resources, and risk mitigation strategies. These insights can also make it possible to create plans for care efficiency, identifying drug savings, and helping employees avoid unnecessary procedures. The same can be said about virtual primary care solutions that use AI to narrow down hundreds of millions of medical data points, guiding managers and employees in making better healthcare decisions.
The Future Of AI In Healthcare Promises To Be Far-Reaching And Impactful
You can expect to see more hospitals diving into AI, too. A national study of 200 revenue cycle, finance, IT, and C-suite decision-makers found that, by 2023, 98% of healthcare leaders plan to use AI in revenue cycle management to improve results in areas such as claims accuracy and claim denial rates.
In the world of employee well-being, new technology like emotion recognition technology is one example of a tool companies are looking for to help measure employee satisfaction. This branch of AI registers employee emotions, potentially helping companies assess real-time connections, ushering in a new era of employee wellness and proactive support.
AI will continue to be a key driver in healthcare technology and innovation –– enabling employers, employees, and healthcare professionals to take past information, learn from it, adjust it, and realign it with future care predictions. Optimizing technology in this way will help lead to better benefit plan decisions and smarter ways to support organizational health, as well as help improve whole-person care.
The Virtual Primary Care experience is offered through an arrangement with Hydrogen Health. | <urn:uuid:503ae636-f2bc-4399-aa33-5f5b3922f511> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.anthem.com/employer/the-benefits-guide/collaborative-expertise-to-drive-the-future-of-ai-in-healthcare | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500158.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205000727-20230205030727-00185.warc.gz | en | 0.937969 | 826 | 2.625 | 3 |
Nonsurgical cancer therapy that destroys tumors but leaves healthy surrounding tissue intact could be available at every hospital if research reported this week in the journal Nature eventually comes to fruition.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory Trident laser team, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Nevada, Reno and elsewhere, has succeeded in concentrating the intensity of a laser-driven carbon ion beam into a narrow range.
This work builds upon past research led by the University of Nevada that discovered much higher quality laser proton beams from laser acceleration as opposed to conventional particle acceleration.
Producing carbon ion beams and limiting their spread removes the major impediment to improving such applications as tumor irradiation therapy.
Many technological challenges still have to be met to develop a compact particle generator that could be used in a hospital setting. No clinical trials are imminent.
This research also opens up opportunities for advances in nuclear fusion applications.
The article, "Laser acceleration of monenergetic MeV ion beams," will be published Jan. 26. This research was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. The University of Nevada was also supported by the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration through the University of Nevada.
Source: University of Nevada, Reno
Explore further: Author provides inside look at ANL's efforts to build a 'super battery' | <urn:uuid:efbe0f17-c259-4321-a57e-03be5d683eec> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://phys.org/news10274.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131299339.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172139-00038-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934169 | 272 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Or, tune in to on Discovery Channel for more about the future of conservation.
In a few years, you may see scores of giant blimps floating overhead. But it won't be because Goodyear is having a hoedown -- those blimps are actually wind turbines. They're not your typical turbine, though. These extremely mobile energy generators, christened with the acronym MARS, will float high in the air at altitudes ranging from 600 to 1,000 feet (183 to 305 meters). The MARS acronym -- not to be confused with the red planet -- stands for Magenn Air Rotor System, and its concept is actually pretty down to Earth. The turbine's only relationship to outer space is the fact that it slightly resembles an oddly shaped UFO.
Why a floating turbine, you ask? Magenn originally designed the turbine for locations where setting up a traditional wind farm isn't realistic: places with a harsh climate like an Antarctic research station or disaster areas that need quick access to power for emergency and medical equipment.
But although the inventor of the MARS turbine designed it mainly for remote areas and didn't intend for it to compete with conventional turbines in the current wind turbine market, it's difficult not to compare the two. Despite the improvements in conventional wind turbines over the years, they've encountered their share of opposition and have had a rough time catching on. While the current 100,000 megawatts of electricity generated worldwide by wind is impressive, it only accounts for a small percentage of the world's total electricity production.
With the introduction of new wind-energy turbine designs like the one used in the MARS, however, that statistic could soon change. Although the basic concept behind it is the same as that behind traditional wind turbines -- the conversion of one form of energy (wind energy) into another (electricity) -- the MARS turbine possesses several differences that could make it appeal to a wider market. One of those differences is that it doesn't rely on a large tower to hold it up. It's simply attached to the ground by a strong tensioning cable called the tether. But the differences don't end there.
Find out how this turbine, which the CEO of Magenn characterized as a floating white sausage with paddleboat wheels, compares to conventional turbines on the next page. | <urn:uuid:30b62023-53a5-49a2-8204-84bda0b4ce6e> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/mars-turbine.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802776556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075256-00041-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953045 | 468 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Anaesthesia at a Glance – Julian Stone, William Fawcett
Anaesthesia is often intimidating for students. Within the relatively short time allocated to this disciplines on most undergraduate curricula, there seems to be a bewildering array of unfamiliar drugs, equipment and practical procedures. Yet at the very heart of anaesthesia is the modern concept of perioperative medicine. The fundamentals of anaesthesia, such as assessment and management of the airway, respiration, circulation and analgesia, are applicable to all hospital staff involved in the care of the surgical patient.
Both authors are practising clinical anaesthetists and also actively involved in undergraduate teaching.
Moreover, as anaesthetists are the largest single group of doctors within hospital medicine it seems appropriate that a contemporary undergraduate textbook is available as an introduction to the specialty.
The aim of the authors has been to cover the practice of anaesthesia to a level appropriate for a medical student who is about to embark on the Foundation Programme. Certain specialized subjects that are traditionally taught, such as physics, have therefore been omitted.
Each chapter has a self assessment section of both multiple choice questions and case studies. The answers are not exhaustive, but should encourage further reading on the subject.
Whilst this book is aimed primarily at undergraduate medical students, it may also prove of value to Foundation Doctors looking after patients in the perioperative period, doctors embarking on a career in anaesthesia and theatre staff such as Operating Department Practitioners.
How to use your textbook
About the companion website
1. History of anaesthesia
4. Airway devices
5. Fluid management
6. Preoperative preparation of the patient for surgery
7. Temperature regulation
8. The perioperative patient journey
9. General anaesthesia – inhalational anaesthetics
10. General anaesthesia – intravenous anaesthetics
11. Local anaesthetics
12. Neuromuscular blocking drugs
13. Acute pain
14. Postoperative nausea and vomiting
15. Chronic pain
16. The airway
17. Emergency anaesthesia
18. Obstetric anaesthesia
19. Ophthalmic anaesthesia
20. Paediatric anaesthesia
21. Cardiac and thoracic anaesthesia
22. Regional anaesthesia
23. Anaesthetic emergencies in the operating theatre
24. Anaesthetic emergencies in the wider hospital
26. Orthopaedic anaesthesia
27. Anaesthesia and obesity
28. Anaesthesia and old age
29. Anaesthesia and diabetes
30. Anaesthesia for vascular surgery
31. Anaesthesia for ENT and maxillofacial surgery
33. Anaesthesia for ECT, dental surgery and special needs
34. Postoperative management
35. Anaesthesia away from the hospital setting
Title: Anaesthesia at a Glance
Authors: Julian Stone, William Fawcett | <urn:uuid:9e3dc46f-8959-42cb-a68d-2775afe50730> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://rinconmedico.me/anaesthesia-at-a-glance-julian-stone-william-fawcett.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608084.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20170525140724-20170525160724-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.869417 | 591 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Unless employees and executives are equipped to possess the required skills to adapt those changes, the targeted goals cannot be achieved in time. These two different categories of skills — managerial skills and technical skills. Some of the managerial skills include listening skills, motivating skills, planning and organizing skills, leading skills, problem-solving skill, decision-making skills etc.
OB can contribute to improving an organizational performance by showing that how employees attitude and behavior are associated with customer satisfaction. In that case service should be first production oriented by using technological opportunities like computer, internet etc.
To improve the customer service need to provide sales service and also the after sales service. Designing motivating jobs, how creating the effective teams, techniques for improving interpersonal skills. In that case managers need to develop behavioral skill and need to create effective team in the organization by providing training.
In that case managers face some problem and this is the challenge for the managers. Empowering is to authorize another person, or group, to have the freedom to act, think, respond, initiate, and make decisions affecting their area of given responsibility.
Leaders empower their leaders. Parents empower their children. Teachers empower their students. Pastors empower their congregations. Those that empower others do so through educating, resourcing, evaluating, and guiding. Teach him to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.
Victory will go the organization the maintain their flexibility, continually improve their quality and beat their competitor in market place. For an instance; For using cloths peoples choice are changing day by day so to capture the new customer the fashion designer need to innovate new dresses with new design to cope with the present environment of peoples choice.
Survival for the organization, is need to move fast and flexible and innovative in their products, jobs are redesigned, task are done by flexibility, trained old employees with new technology, better understanding of change, overcome resistance to change, create organizational culture.
For an instance; In the year we was used to use the Nokia mobile phone but now we are used to using smart phone. So the company need to improve the product with new technologies.
Working in network organization: Global working through one link i. INTERNET, technology changes the people to work together and communicate at thousand miles, people can work from their home and non office locations.
For an instance; by facebook we can increase our networking by the use of technology. Helping employees Balance work-life conflicts: Flexible Working hours, reporting time, creating opportunities for employees, job security, design workplace and jobs.
For an instance; for a individual one is professional life and another one is family life. In that case the individual should be very punctual to get the balance of work-life conflict.Improving Quality Improving Productivity Improving People Skills Organizational Behavior: Contributing to the Bottom Line This preview has intentionally blurred sections.
Improving People Skills Organizational Behavior ATTITUDES AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Attitudes and Organizational Behavior Our text defines organizational behavior as “the study of the influence that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations.
Throughout this essay, I will be discussing some challenges and opportunities that come with organizational behavior. Main challenges and opportunities of organizational behavior are; Improving Peoples’ Skills. Improving Quality and Productivity.
Total Quality Management (TQM). Managing Workforce Diversity. Responding to Globalization. Empowering People. Coping with Temporariness. Stimulating Innovation and Change.
Emergence of E-Organisation & E .
Sep 25, · Test Your People Skills. Take the online test below, and click the "Calculate my total" button at the foot of the test to assess your people skills.
Instructions. For each statement, click the button in the column that best describes you%(). Improving people skills: Designing motivating jobs, how creating the effective teams, techniques for improving interpersonal skills.
In that case managers need to develop behavioral skill and need to create effective team in the organization by providing training. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (OB) A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.
OB "studies three determinants of behavior in organizations: individuals, groups, and structure.
|my other blogs||Comment Your technical skills may have taken precedence over your people skills in your career to date.| | <urn:uuid:8008cca2-e3a8-4da4-bab7-14dc9af28e71> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://qesopiwedywuka.lausannecongress2018.com/improving-people-skills-organizational-behavior-48398zn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107880014.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022170349-20201022200349-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.931248 | 925 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Palmer, Samuel, 1805–81, English landscape watercolorist, etcher, and mystic. Under the influence of William Blake he produced in sepia a series of remarkable visionary drawings of moonlit landscapes. Palmer is also known for his Italian and English landscapes in watercolor, his illustrations of Spenser and Milton, his translations of Vergil's Eclogues, and his etchings. He is represented in the National Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum, both in London.
See study by R. Lister (1969).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: European Art, 1600 to the Present: Biographies
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Thamesmead was designed to be a revolutionary housing estate but, like many of its Brutalist contemporaries, it failed to meet its utopian goals
Thamesmead is a social housing estate built in the mid 1960s in outer Lnondon. It is situated on former marshland on the south of the Thames that was once part of the Woolwich Arsenal. When it was developed, the Thamesmead design offered a revolutionary city within a city, providing much needed affordable homes with parks and amenities, all designed in keeping with the Brutalist aesthetic.
Thamesmead, like many of the Brutalist housing complexes was built to ease the city’s post-war housing shortage and intended to be a town of 60,000 residents on the riverside. Most of it was built by the Greater London Council for families to move to from the overcrowded Victorian housing of south-eastern parts of inner London.
The masterplan was developed in 1967, but only stages 1 and 2 were completed along the plans outlined. Construction costs came in higher than was planned and pieces of the design were left out from the original plans. The Greater London Council was disbanded in 1986 and the estate was taken over by a trust run by residents. The estate had ongoing problems with transport links and amenities, and construction continued in an ad-hoc manner. Stanley Kubrick famously used it as a setting for his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange, where it stood for a dystopian reality.
Efforts were made to avoid the social problems that had already begun to affect earlier estates. In order to help create communities and the same neighbourliness that people had experienced in the rows of working-class terraced houses, tenants were specially chosen, and then priority was given to the extended families of the first residents as more houses became available.
Architect Robert Rigg also suggested that the design take certain cues from Sweden, where it was believed that lakes and canals reduced crime amongst young people. He introduced water features in the estate as a means of calming residents. The complex had two artificial lakes and a network of canals.
The area was former marshland. It had been flooded by the North Sea inundation in 1953, and remained vulnerable to future floods. The original design therefore placed the accommodation on the first floor, leaving the ground floor for garage space. There were also elevated escape routes that residents could use in the event of flooding.
The houses were linked via elevated walkways, so that pedestrians moving between the blocks were out of the way of the traffic. These walkways quickly became unsafe places to walk. The design didn’t accurately predict the lived experience, and many people avoided the pathways, choosing instead to walk across open patches of grass included in the landscaping.
Thamesmead is currently undergoing extensive regeneration by British housing association Peabody. The association have claimed that the regeneration will create 20,000 new homes and improve the estates community facilities.
The estate was the focus of an exhibition at RIBA to mark its 50th anniversary. “Thamesmead: A Town for the 21st Century” presented a series of archival images of Thamesmead, displayed alongside contemporary photographs of the estate’s residents. Among other scenes, the images showed children playing in a concrete landscape.
Photography is by Jon’s pics via Flickr | <urn:uuid:f3ca6f18-c8f9-4928-b2aa-c85f95e85c50> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/a-brief-history-of-brutalist-social-estate-thamesmead | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00496.warc.gz | en | 0.986005 | 684 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Neurofeedback is a type of psychotherapy that helps you return your brain to the way it was designed to work. It has been used successfully to help people with a wide variety of problems, including depression, anxiety, ADHD, serious behavior issues, addictions, sleep issues, epilepsy, PTSD, and brain damage from head injuries.
The "neuro" in neurofeedback refers to nerves and the nervous system because neurofeedback measures the electrical activity of the nerves in your brain. "Feedback" refers to the visual, auditory, or tactile information (in other words, feedback) that a neurofeedback system gives your brain to help it shift its brainwave patterns.
Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback applied to the brain itself. It uses the brain’s natural abilities to learn in order to help it function more efficiently. Neurofeedback is also called EEG Biofeedback, because it is based on the electrical brain activity shown by an electroencephalogram, or EEG.
A neurofeedback system measures the frequency and strength of the brain waves in different areas of the brain and then gives you simple information so that your brain can adjust its patterns. You don't even have to think about what you are doing or try to change your brain patterns. Your brain already knows how to do this.
Neurofeedback is non-invasive because it does nothing to you directly. Neurofeedback is painless and requires no surgery or medications. Doing neurofeedback therapy is very much like having an electrocardiogram (EKG) done for your heart. Small sensors with wires attached are placed on the surface of your scalp with gel. The sensors and wires pickup the very small currents in your brain. Unlike an EKG, you won't have to rip off the sensors afterward because the neurofeedback sensors are easy to remove.
For best results, neurofeedback is usually combined with talk therapy. Many people report that they feel much better after doing neurofeedback. Depending on their original issues, they report improvements including less anxiety, depression, and aggressiveness; feeling calmer and more clear-headed; getting along better with family and significant others; performing better in work, school, and sports; and sleeping better. A large advantage of neurofeedback over other kinds of treatment is that changes made as a result of neurofeedback therapy are often maintained without further treatment.
Are you wondering if neurofeedback could be helpful for you or a loved one? Please contact me. We’ll talk about what’s going on in your life and whether neurofeedback is likely to help. | <urn:uuid:49b1b5a4-a38d-49cc-9cff-40ec9c09c593> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://arthurwagner.com/what-is-neurofeedback/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590362.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718232717-20180719012717-00213.warc.gz | en | 0.953724 | 544 | 3.125 | 3 |
In 1967, the American historian Lynn White Jr (1907-1987) wrote an article for Science magazine. In it, he charged that Christianity was at the root of the ecological crisis. His opinion is not always accepted by Christian and non-Christian thinkers, but his essay had a significant effect on the way Christians started to engage with environmental issues. It is also important to note that towards the end of his essay, not quoted in the extract below, he notes that although Christianity had a role in creating the current ecological challenges it also has an important role to play in resolving them.
While many of the world’s mythologies provide stories of creation, Greco-Roman mythology was singularly incoherent in this respect. Like Aristotle, the intellectuals of the ancient West denied that the visible world had a beginning. Indeed, the idea of a beginning was impossible in the framework of their cyclical notion of time. In sharp contrast, Christianity inherited from Judaism not only a concept of time as non-repetitive and linear but also a striking story of creation. By gradual stages a loving and all- powerful God had created light and darkness, the heavenly bodies, the earth and all its plants, animals, birds, and fishes. Finally, God had created Adam and, as an afterthought, Eve to keep man from being lonely. Man named all the animals, thus establishing his dominance over them. God planned all of this explicitly for man’s benefit and rule: no item in the physical creation had any purpose save to serve man’s purposes. And, although man’s body is made of clay, he is not simply part of nature: he is made in God’s image.
Especially in its Western form, Christianity is the most anthropocentric religion the world has seen. As early as the 2nd century both Tertullian and Saint Irenaeus of Lyons were insisting that when God shaped Adam he was foreshadowing the image of the incarnate Christ, the Second Adam. Man shares, in great measure, God’s transcendence of nature. Christianity, in absolute contrast to ancient paganism and Asia’s religions (except, perhaps, Zoroastrianism), not only established a dualism of man and nature but also insisted that it is God’s will that man exploit nature for his proper ends.
At the level of the common people this worked out in an interesting way. In Antiquity every tree, every spring, every stream, every hill had its own genius loci, its guardian spirit. These spirits were accessible to men, but were very unlike men; centaurs, fauns, and mermaids show their ambivalence. Before one cut a tree, mined a mountain, or dammed a brook, it was important to placate the spirit in charge of that particular situation, and to keep it placated. By destroying pagan animism, Christianity made it possible to exploit nature in a mood of indifference to the feelings of natural objects.
The Christian dogma of creation, which is found in the first clause of all the Creeds, has another meaning for our comprehension of today’s ecologic crisis. By revelation, God had given man the Bible, the Book of Scripture. But since God had made nature, nature also must reveal the divine mentality. The religious study of nature for the better understanding of God was known as natural theology. In the early Church, and always in the Greek East, nature was conceived primarily as a symbolic system through which God speaks to men: the ant is a sermon to sluggards; rising flames are the symbol of the soul’s aspiration. The view of nature was essentially artistic rather than scientific. While Byzantium preserved and copied great numbers of ancient Greek scientific texts, science as we conceive it could scarcely flourish in such an ambience.
However, in the Latin West by the early 13th century natural theology was following a very different bent. It was ceasing to be the decoding of the physical symbols of God’s communication with man and was becoming the effort to understand God’s mind by discovering how his creation operates. The rainbow was no longer simply a symbol of hope first sent to Noah after the Deluge: Robert Grosseteste, Friar Roger Bacon, and Theodoric of Freiberg produced startlingly sophisticated work on the optics of the rainbow, but they did it as a venture in religious understanding. From the 13th century onward, up to and including Leitnitz and Newton, every major scientist, in effect, explained his motivations in religious terms. Indeed, if Galileo had not been so expert an amateur theologian he would have got into far less trouble: the professionals resented his intrusion. And Newton seems to have regarded himself more as a theologian than as a scientist. It was not until the late 18th century that the hypothesis of God became unnecessary to many scientists.
It is often hard for the historian to judge, when men explain why they are doing what they want to do, whether they are offering real reasons or merely culturally acceptable reasons. The consistency with which scientists during the long formative centuries of Western science said that the task and the reward of the scientist was “to think God’s thoughts after him” leads one to believe that this was their real motivation. If so, then modern Western science was cast in a matrix of Christian theology. The dynamism of religious devotion shaped by the Judeo-Christian dogma of creation, gave it impetus.
Questions for reflection
- How convincing do you find Lynn White Jr’s argument for the negative effects of Christian thought and action?
- What is your experience of contemporary Christian attitudes towards the environment?
- What is the Church uniquely equipped to contribute to current ecological discussions and action?
- What would you like to see the Church doing or saying to influence Christians’ attitude towards nature?
Some further reading
Lyn White Jr. (1967) “The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis” in Science
John Passmore (1974) Man’s Responsibility For Nature
Thomas Berry (1988) The Dream of the Earth | <urn:uuid:4f54d656-b34e-42b9-8f1b-4e8a82a1535e> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://creationtide.com/2017/06/12/week-3-day-a-historical-roots-of-our-ecological-crisis-lyn-white-jr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376829140.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20181218102019-20181218124019-00179.warc.gz | en | 0.975403 | 1,262 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The Frame Routine is a strategy designed to assist students as they organize topics, main ideas and details about reading assignments. This technique includes a basic hierarchic graphic organizer called a “Frame” that can be used to help students think and talk about the key topic and essential related information.
Frames allow students to identify the main ideas and supporting details while reading texts. As they list them on a Frame graphic, comprehension of the written material tends to increase. The Frame Routine is flexible and can be used with all content areas. The Frame Routine can be particularly beneficial to many students with learning disabilities because it depicts the organization of the concepts that students are expected to learn.
Create and use the strategy
Introduce the assigned passage of text to the students. Discuss the Frame Routine technique and model the procedure by co-constructing an initial Frame graphic. Simultaneously fill in information with students on blank copies of the form. This provides teachers with the opportunity to monitor the students’ level of understanding and to adjust instruction as needed. After students have become familiar with use of the Frame Routine, they can use the Frame graphics independently or in small groups as they identify main ideas and essential details from pre-selected texts.
There are five basic steps for using the Frame Routine:
The teacher introduces the lesson topic and provides students with a blank Frame. Students note the topic in the appropriate spaces on the graphic. This would most likely be the title of the reading selection.
Students record brief statements or words that summarize key ideas relating to the topic.
The details that are important for students to learn and remember are written on the Frame graphic in the essential details boxes. These essential details can later be ranked on the graphic according to level of importance.
The teacher, small groups, or the whole class develop the Big Idea statement or the “So what?” idea. This statement is designed to help students understand how the topic fits with the overall context. These statements can take the form of:
The teacher facilitates evaluation of the new information when it is clearly organized. Several follow-up activities can then be employed to extend students’ understanding of important concepts. Such activities might include the following:
- Select the topic
- Determine the main ideas
- Discuss the details
- Develop the “Big Idea”
- A short summary
- A conclusion the student has drawn
- A connection to a real-world application relevant to the student
- Evaluate the information
- Having in-depth discussions;
- Debating various points;
- Drawing conclusions;
- Making connections to other ideas;
- Forming predictions, or forecasts; and
- Engaging in journal writing
- Download this Frame Routine example.
- See Framing Main Ideas and Essential Details to Promote Comprehension.
Ellis, E. S. (1998). Framing Main Ideas and Essential Details to Promote Comprehension. Retrieved 2008, February 6, from http://www.ldonline.org/article/5765
Ellis, E. S. (2008). The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning. The Framing Routine: Framing the big picture with essential details. http://www.ku-crl.org/library/cer/frame.shtml | <urn:uuid:cb74de44-fb40-4b8b-afbc-03ff3a2bfc0c> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.adlit.org/in-the-classroom/strategies/frame-routine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056974.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20210920010331-20210920040331-00282.warc.gz | en | 0.911668 | 682 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Version 1: The Best Way to Start an Academic Paper
In universities across the country, students start papers in different ways. Some papers start with a statement about life or some abstract quality like truth or justice. Others start with a striking quotation from notable historical figure or, better yet from whatever work the paper is about to discuss. Still other papers get right down to business in the first couple of sentences, identifying the topic and major work(s), specifying the author’s precise opinion on that topic, and explaining how the evidence will add up to support the claim. In this paper, I chose to begin with a completely unhelpful general reference to a sweeping, big-picture theme — something that sounds grand and intellectual, but that will not appear even once in the rest of the essay, and then distracts the reader unnecessarily by listing several loosely-related topics that have little to do with theactual topic of the essay. By an examination of different ways to start papers, it can be determined what way of starting a paper is the best, which this way is certainly not.
Version 2: Essays are More Convincing without Padded Introductions
According to a recent study of freshman composition essays (Smith), papers readers find most persuasive usually began with an introductory paragraph that included a clear thesis statement, a few sentences describing the evidence supporting the claim, and well-chosen details that preview the contents of the rest of the paper. Because an essay has only one chance to make a good first impression, wise authors avoid padding their introductions. The more padding found in a paper’s first few paragraphs, the less likely readers will identify it as persuasive. By “padding,” Smith means “sweeping generalities, personal anecdotes and reflections, summary of the assigned readings, or non-existent variations the author did not actually write” (123). Papers that began with quotations or rhetorical questions were sometimes rated highly, but direct quotes of more than 10 words were more often than not interpreted as padding. The exact placement of the thesis statement (at the beginning of the first paragraph, the end of the first paragraph, or at the beginning of the second paragraph) had little impact on the perceived persuasive power of the paper. Far more important were the absence of padding and the effective use of interpretation and analysis. | <urn:uuid:ce862ba3-da23-4bf8-8126-032d9c6f7cec> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://jerz.setonhill.edu/blog/2014/08/20/the-best-way-to-start-an-academic-paper/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735963.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200805153603-20200805183603-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.940033 | 473 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Inventory, lb : 0
Juliet apples are medium in size, and measure 2.5 to 3 inches in diameter. The skin is red over a green or yellow-green background. The flesh is white, crisp, and juicy, with a flavor that is a balance of sweet and acidic. The sturdy and vigorous Juliet apple tree was bred to be resistant to scab, a fungal disease that can ruin harvests. They are also resistant to a variety of other diseases including rust and powdery mildew.
Juliet apples are available in the fall and winter months.
The Juliet apple is botanically classified under the Malus domestica species name. Originally developed in France, the Juliet apple was also recreated in the United States through a cooperative breeding program between the University of Illinois, Purdue University, and Rutgers University. The Juliet apple is one of the first apples in the world to be produced exclusively using organic growing practices.
Apples are a healthy part of the diet since they are low in calories and high in important nutrients such as Vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system, and dietary fiber, which keeps the digestive system healthy. Several antioxidants in apples also promote health.
The Juliet is a good all-around apple. These fruits are excellent for eating out of hand, as well as in cooking and baking; they can also be made into juice. The storage properties of this apple are excellent. They can be kept in the refrigerator for seven months or more. Under the right conditions, they may even last up to a year, although the flavor becomes bland. Choose fruits that are free of bruises or blemishes, and that are bright in color.
In France, Juliet has undergone an extensive marketing campaign. Juliets even have their own cartoon character that sets them apart from other apples.
The Juliet apple is a result of a cooperative breeding program between University of Illinois, Purdue University, and Rutgers University. It was released to the market in the 1990s. It is currently grown extensively in France by the Escande company, which hopes to introduce it to other parts of the world as well.
Recipes that include Juliet Apple. One is easiest, three is harder.
|Le Petit Eats||Savory Apple Thyme Tart|
|Organized Island||Fresh Cherry Cobbler|
|I Heart Naptime||Homemade Apple Filling| | <urn:uuid:8083bd49-bfce-4ec2-8c0d-03c4d30af37d> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/apple/juliet_11678.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662550298.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522220714-20220523010714-00583.warc.gz | en | 0.952761 | 525 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Your vehicle’s tires make constant contact with the road. Over time and with normal wear-and-tear, your tires become worn down and excessively used. Driving with worn down tires can be dangerous when braking on wet or snow-covered roads, causing hydroplaning. Hydroplaning occurs when the grooves on the surface of the tires are so worn down and bald, that they don’t channel water or slushy snow out from beneath the tread. When hydroplaning occurs, your treads only skim the water’s surface due to the baldness of the tire, and the steering wheel won’t respond, potentially causing you to lose control of your vehicle. Keep your tires in good working condition, for your own safety and for the safety of others around you. | <urn:uuid:b31feb16-c1dc-47cc-b541-fddc8bafab6c> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://nmtoakville.com/tires/tire-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703538431.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123191721-20210123221721-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.940812 | 164 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Pre-K Readiness: Your Child’s Fears
By going to pre-kindergarten, your child leaves his or her baby status, the cozy cocoon of the house, and discovers the community, with new places, new people, and new activities. The discovery of a new world and the separation between parents and children must be well understood to be better lived.
What Are The Fears Of Children When Entering Preschool?
Entering kindergarten for the child means facing the unknown. It is quite normal for him to have fears. The role of parents is to reassure him. Some tips:
- Your child may be afraid of not making friends: explain that they already have friends at daycare and the park. He will therefore also do it in class.
- He is intimidated by his teacher: tell him that his teacher will always be happy to answer his questions and that he should not be afraid of her. Explain that she is there to help him and that he can talk with her about his activities at recess if he wishes.
- If he is afraid of getting lost at school, tell him there will always be an adult to show him how to his class.
Other Practical Tips For Entering Kindergarten
- Let your child take an object from home, such as a blanket.
- Do not hesitate to accompany your child to class. You have an hour to get acquainted with your child at this new place: Take advantage of your visit, to inform the teacher if your child has poorly slept, or has been annoyed, for example.
Parents must overcome their fears
It is only natural that you have fears for your child on the day he enters kindergarten. But you have to overcome your anxieties so as not to pass them on to your child. Advice:
- You may have a legitimate fear that your child won’t be able to dress on his own or eat his meal properly. Rest assured, he will learn to organize himself well over the days, and he will become autonomous. You can help him, by getting him used to doing things, alone.
- If you’re afraid your child will get hurt: know that children rarely have big injuries at school. On the other hand, small bumps and abrasions are common and are part of community life.
- What if he pees again in his panties? It is not so bad and he will not be excluded from school for it. We have to change him, explain to him that it is not good, and little by little, he will learn to clean. In Pre-K (Pre Kindergarten), this kind of situation often happens and your child is there to learn and grow!
- You may also be afraid that your child will be bullied at school. This fear is all the more justified, as we see this more and more this situation, on television for example. It is therefore imperative to show your child how to set his limits.
On the day of entry into kindergarten, the child may have fears that he must express verbally to reassure himself. Parents are also worried about their children but have to overcome their anxieties. Parent-child separation, in particular, is a difficult time to live with, but the child must be told that he is old enough to go to school. This is where he will learn a lot of new things that he does not see at home.
A good kindergarten, like The Vine Learning Center | Daycare For Children, can help you transition easily as your child starts preschool. | <urn:uuid:c67ba93f-d56c-468a-b20d-dc65150d4f99> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.billsshopofficial.com/pre-k-readiness-your-childs-fears/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499470.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128023233-20230128053233-00317.warc.gz | en | 0.984063 | 728 | 3.140625 | 3 |
The future of all life on Earth, including humans, hangs in the balance. The forces that set off the first five mass extinctions were non-sentient. The difference at the eve of this sixth extinction is that humans are the cause, and we know it – and if we’re powerful enough to cause the collapse of biodiversity across the globe, the hope is that we’re powerful enough to bring it back from the brink. But first we need to understand our problem, and attack it efficiently and effectively.
So, why hold this Congress on biodiversity loss? How do these losses affect us, and why should we act? Well, humanity must draw all its resources from the ecosystems that make up our world, and as it turns out, high biodiversity and ecosystem health are intricately linked. Ecosystems with less biodiversity recycle nutrients less well, produce less overall biomass, and have decreased stability (they are more likely to collapse entirely).
If you have a higher diversity of functional traits in an ecosystem, more ecosystem services are provided, they are more prepared for future stressors, and they regenerate more quickly. In a world that will soon reach 8 billion people who depend on these resources for survival, this means that retaining high levels of biodiversity is critical to the future survival of our species. Unfortunately, through our agricultural practices and exploitation of natural resources, humans are putting increasing strain on ecosystems that haven’t even begun to feel the effects of climate change.
A recent study analyzing over 8,000 IUCN Red List species found that agriculture and overexploitation are the main threats facing endangered species today, with 62% of the species studied imperiled by agricultural activities and 72% overexploited for commerce, recreation, or subsistence. Of all species that have gone extinct since 1500, 75% have been lost to one of these two anthropogenic threats. Only about 20% of the species studied were found to be directly under threat from climate change. For now.
The effects of biodiversity loss have been found to grow more pronounced with time. This means that if humans continue to exploit the world’s resources at the same rate and in the same way, by the time climate change’s effects are felt more heavily, they will be significantly more harmful than if the ecosystems had been left in a more robust state. High levels of extinction will have already occurred, and will have made it more likely for more species to go extinct, in a deadly positive feedback loop. Not only are humans causing climate change, we are weakening the planet’s natural immune system before its more serious effects are even felt.
Human-induced climate change is a huge issue that will take hundreds, if not thousands, of years to rectify. However, we can change the more direct damage we are doing to the environment by helping to build and maintain biodiversity rather than stripping it down. This solution could, in the long run, make our planet much more hospitable to all of nature, humanity included – and might just stave off another mass extinction event before it’s too late.
Maxwell, Sean L., et al., 2016, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. Nature 536.7615
Cardinale, Bradley J., et al., 2012, Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486.7401: 59-67.
IUCN Conservation Congress Website | <urn:uuid:e698f4d3-8b85-42fc-b031-013ffa997113> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://eartharchives.org/articles/planet-at-the-crossroads-building-an-action-plan-for-the-sixth-mass-extinction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656675.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609100535-20230609130535-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.946724 | 715 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Hello, you only use 4 numbers in 24
New Numbers: (3, 3, 7, 7)
1, 5, 5, 5
5 * ( 5 - 1 / 5) = 24
I hope a little self-promotion is allowed after finishing such a challenging puzzle ;-)
Everything you want to know about math 24 ----------> Play math 24 game - 24theory, solves 24 the math game
Here is a hard one
1 4 5 6
Give TWO solutions
If you need help ---> Play math 24 game - 24theory, solves 24 the math game
(1+2) * 8 * 1
That's the only solution. 8 * (2 + 1) * 1 is the same, ok? Read my little article on this issue ---> The theory - 24theory, solves 24 the math game
Sorry for the self-promotion. If anyone is offended, let me know.
[ 5 7 7 11]
(a + b) * c * 1 is always equal to (a + b) * c / 1, correct? (or you can say the second solution is a gimmick)
And (a + b) * c / d is always equal to (a + b) / (d/c), correct?
So let d be 1, we always have (a + b) * c * 1 = (a + b ) / (1/c).
They are the same thing for any a, b and c. So they are essentially the same solution.
Hope it's clear.
THIS thread was started by OP Mrdavid445 who did not state the conditions you're "making up".
These 2 solutions: (1 + 2) / (1/8) and (1+2) * 8 * 1 would be considered different: one uses *, one uses /
I suggest you should have started your own thread, with YOUR conditions.
I did not look at your "website on this"; also I am not saying you are "wrong"; I SEE what you're getting at.
As example, one "manner" is to look at this style: u / (v - w/(w+1)) = 24.
Then v = (24w + u(w + 1)) / (24(w + 1))
Easy to loop through (keeping all 4 numbers < 100) to get solutions:
here, there are 31 solutions: from 1 / (1 - 23/24) to 99 / (5 - 7/8)
so a + b + c - d and a + b - (d -c) are two different solutions, or not?
The point is, one has to draw a line somewhere to get rid of the gimmicks. I happen to believe a * b * c * 1 and a * b / (1/c) are the same solution. But that's just my opinion. We can live with different standards.
And I don't understand the second part of your post. Does it have anything to do with our discussion of the different solutions or you are just pointing out a way to find interesting puzzles?
Simply state your belief as a RULE in the puzzle.
Once more: I posted (1 + 2) / (1/8) and (1+2) * 8 * 1 as 2 solutions
because the ORIGINAL wording of the puzzle did NOT prohibit that.
If YOU want to prohibit that, that's OK: but start a NEW thread and SAY SO. | <urn:uuid:bf5a226b-4d84-4c1b-a6dc-0d19aaa0f1a9> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://mathhelpforum.com/math-puzzles/201870-24-game-marathon-3.html#post739740 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661449.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00157-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932463 | 733 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Words matter to all of us, as it is arguably our ability to communicate that enabled the human race to progress as far as we have. I am very much a words person. Even though I do photography, spoken/written communication is very important in my life, particularly professionally. One of my treasured possessions is a 2-volume Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, which I received as a gift nearly 30 years ago. I like word games. Scrabble is the benchmark; Bananagrams is a new favorite.
Although I work with words all day every day, there is still the potential for confusion, annoyance and surprise …
I could go on endlessly about abuse of language. Why do people write [but not say] “loose” when they mean “lose”? [Actually, I know why, but I will not bore you with my theory.] The use of phraseology like “very unique” drives me wild, as it is meaningless and potentially damaging to the language. But I digress. I am about to go on a short vacation and I am in a much more positive state of mind …
The English language has numerous homonyms – pairs of words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. An obvious example is “there” and “their” – here the different meanings are clear enough. But what about the phrase “plain sailing”? This is commonly used in a metaphorical sense to suggest that the way forward to easy and clear of obstacles. The word “plain” clearly means featureless or simple. I was fine with that until I discovered that there is another term: “plane sailing”. This is a simplified means of navigation of a ship, where the surface of the sea is assumed to be flat [i.e. a plane] instead of curved as it is in reality. So which is correct?
Another expression which sounds vaguely nautical is “under way”, which is used to indicate that something has started and is making progress. I have always assumed that it should be written “under weigh”, as a ship, when setting off, needs to pull up – or “weigh” – the anchor. Again, which is correct?
Philosophically, I do wonder if these spellings actually matter. After all, when speaking there is no confusion, even though the words sound identical. There are also words which have numerous meanings with just one spelling – like “set” – and again, no confusion occurs.
Although I worry about misuse or – worse – abuse of English, as I mentioned, I do recognize that the language is a living thing and will evolve. Hence my proposal regarding spelling of homonyms. I am also fascinated by the appearance of new words, a couple of which have caught my attention recently:
A common expression is to say something has “got a green light”, which means that any necessary authorization has been obtained. A neatly compressed was of saying this the word “greenlit”. This might be used thus: “The project is greenlit and ready to go.”
Most people will know what an acronym is – a word formed from the initial letters of words that make up an expression. A good example is LASER, which comes from Light Amplification from Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The other day I saw some discussion about the programming language Perl. Someone said that it should be written “PERL” as it is an acronym for “Practical Extraction and Reporting Language”. Someone else responded by pointing out that it was actually a backronym – the expression was created later to fit the letters of the word. This is a strong example of a new word, as the context told me immediately what it meant. | <urn:uuid:253023ea-65df-4cfa-91a8-7c7c8beeaf2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://blogs.sw.siemens.com/embedded-software/2014/07/16/words-new-old-and-odd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710941.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203212026-20221204002026-00171.warc.gz | en | 0.972594 | 796 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Confederate monument in Yancey County is a simple gable topped marker in the style of a large gravestone made of granite. It stands just over 6.5 feet tall on a granite foundation. It is 4.5 feet wide and faces in an east/west orientation. Inscriptions appear at the top of both sides of the marker and on the base on both sides. The names of 144 Yancey County Civil War dead cover the face of both sides of the marker.
The new courthouse was built in 1968. Earlier the County Courthouse was at the other end of the square. A statue of Otway Burns, for whom the town is named, stands in the center of the town square. | <urn:uuid:66e0d76d-90ba-4a76-a670-9a45324f8592> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://nccred.org/monuments/yancey-county-confederate-soldiers-monument/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233509023.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925151539-20230925181539-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.947685 | 148 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Keywords: evaporation duct, ocean communications, radio propagation, hybrid power supply, wind power, Great Barrier Reef, solar power, solar energy, wind energy, Australia, real-time monitoring, environmental monitoring, environmental technology
Real-time environmental monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the largest natural feature on earth, stretching more than 2300 km along the northeast coast of Australia. It contains a diverse array of species and habitats that are threatened by environmental and human impacts. Monitoring environmental changes would give a better understanding of the health of this ecological system. It would also help shape decision-making to ensure this important natural asset is protected into the future. This paper investigates how environmental information can be collected and brought back to the mainland from the GBR. A novel method of using the evaporation duct above the ocean surface to tunnel radio signals beyond the horizon is proposed for the link to the mainland, and the design of a hybrid power supply is also outlined. A monitoring network for use on Davies Reef, approximately 80 km off the coast of northern Queensland, is used as a case study in this paper. | <urn:uuid:5bf3df2c-2aea-4559-bde9-65a20809736b> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/real-time-environmental-monitoring-of-the-great-barrier-reef-82872 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886102819.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817013033-20170817033033-00553.warc.gz | en | 0.922701 | 232 | 3.46875 | 3 |
For many of us, music is an integral part of our life. It helps us to continue working, relax, or take a breather in our day. Even kids can have lots of fun learning how to play banjo songs for beginners.
The benefits of music are many and learning to play a musical instrument has even more; these are some:
1. Music training improves our cognitive abilities twice as much as sports, theater, or dancing
While physical activities can be important to develop balance, strength, and other characteristics, learning to play music has a long lasting effect on cognitive development and mental sharpness.
2. The positive benefits of studying music last for years, even after you quit
Studying music has benefits that extend after training. Simply learning an instrument in childhood can have great long-term consequences like avoiding diseases like Alzheimer’s.
3. Studying music increases your academic success
Students who study music or some art get better grades, perform better on standardized tests, have fewer absences, and are more active in activities with others. Learning an instrument helps reduce stress and increases concentration; skills necessary for learning.
4. Old musicians keep mentally sharp
Older musicians perform better than people of the same age who do not know how to play a musical instrument. Brenna Hanna-Pladdy of Emory University studied 70 adults aged 60-83 years and found that musicians who played an instrument performed higher than non-musicians on tasks that tested the brain’s ability to adapt to new information.
There are profound benefits to be gained from playing an instrument. Learning to play the piano, guitar, or banjo from an early age can bring changes in life that one could not imagine. But perhaps the most important thing about learning an instrument is the sheer pleasure of creating beautiful melodies.
How to do it
We all learn differently, and learning music can be as easy as watching a YouTube video, attending classes at your local university, hiring a private teacher, or in method books.
There is no better time to start learning how to play a musical instrument than today, and the benefits will last a lifetime.
Whichever musical instrument you choose to play – have fun and enjoy the experience of learning and your personal creative journey as you practice to master your chosen instrument.
Are there easy-to-play musical instruments?
Learning to play a musical instrument is not easy. No matter what instrument you choose to learn to play, becoming an expert at playing a musical instrument takes time, patience, practice, and commitment.
It is also very comforting on a personal level to see your skills expand in an activity with which you can improve the quality of life of others.
There is no better feeling than having managed to learn a part, play with friends, or compose a complete song. Music heals, gives meaning and emotion to life.
So, if you want to get started with a musical instrument, or if your child wants to start playing a musical instrument, consider the piano, guitar, banjo, drums, or violin. These are some of the easiest to learn to play?
Leave a Reply | <urn:uuid:3be0b673-8ea4-4ca2-a6c5-68a26065582a> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.flurl.com/blog/the-benefits-of-music-learning-to-play-a-musical-instrument-are-many/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945182.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323163125-20230323193125-00756.warc.gz | en | 0.956717 | 638 | 3.53125 | 4 |
As doctors close to the state scramble to diagnose instances of COVID-19, scientists at the University of California, Berkeley’s Ground breaking Genomics Institute (IGI) are making from scratch a diagnostic lab with the capability to method extra than 1,000 patient samples for every working day.
This pop-up laboratory, the energy of a one of a kind volunteer staff of tutorial and company partners, will give desperately necessary testing capability in the Bay Area for those people with COVID-19 signs or symptoms and also help public overall health officers evaluate how widespread the epidemic is.
“The UC Berkeley staff is racing to tackle this important public overall health circumstance by setting up a testing lab that will be straight away impactful in our neighborhood, whilst also producing data that contributes to understanding the distribute of the SARS-CoV-two virus,” stated Jennifer Doudna, professor of molecular and mobile biology and of chemistry and IGI govt director. SARS-CoV-two is the coronavirus that triggers COVID-19.
Many thanks to the emergency modification of condition and federal rules and California’s declared condition of emergency, the IGI was ready to associate with clinicians at University Health Companies, UC Berkeley’s university student overall health heart, and the two regional and national organizations to provide in the robotic and analytical devices necessary, set up a risk-free and robust pipeline for clinical sample consumption and processing, get hold of the needed regulatory approvals and teach a crew of very proficient scientists accustomed to conducting essential investigation to evaluate patient swabs with a rapid-turnaround aim of significantly less than 24 hrs.
The scientists — extra than 50 volunteers from UC Berkeley, UC San Francisco and regional data management organizations — strategy to exam their 1st actual viral samples early this week and intention for certification beneath the Scientific Laboratory Advancement Amendments (CLIA) program by up coming week.
When the testing lab will emphasis originally on samples from learners and other customers of the UC Berkeley neighborhood, the staff is currently coordinating with health-related facilities close to the East Bay to at some point provide immediate turnaround to also meet their diagnostic requirements.
“We mobilized a staff of gifted tutorial scientists, partnered with gurus from organizations and pulled collectively, in a subject of a couple of days, a team that is running like a biotech organization. It is seriously a remarkable story,” stated Doudna, who is also a Howard Hughes Clinical Institute investigator.
The lab will operate testing primarily based on a method authorized by the Food and Drug Administration, but with bigger throughput than quite a few industrial labs, some of which even now must operate samples manually, one particular at a time. The higher-throughput equipment, some sourced from campus investigation labs, can exam extra than 300 samples at once and give the diagnostic outcome in significantly less than 4 hrs from receipt of patient swabs. Using robotics and a streamlined method, the IGI pop-up lab will shortly complete 1,000 checks daily, with the capacity to ramp up to three,000 checks for every working day if vital.
“We are implementing an current exam in a way that leverages robotics and immediate turnaround situations so that we can provide final results quickly to health-related facilities close to the East Bay and give a important provider to our neighborhood in this time of require,” Doudna stated.
“This is just an astounding prospect,” stated Person Nicolette, UC Berkeley’s assistant vice chancellor for University Health Companies. “I am stunned at how quickly Berkeley was ready to mobilize and to just take edge of the more recent policies in buy to innovate extra quickly. The lab side of issues has been so reliant on human guide function that this would be a match changer in a good deal of methods.”
Given constraints on the range of exam kits readily available in California and evolving rules on who should be examined, health-related personnel at UHS’s Tang Heart have to date sent out only a couple of dozen swabs from learners for testing by regional industrial labs. A person was returned as optimistic for the SARS-CoV-two virus that triggers COVID-19. But according to Nicolette, turnaround in the Bay Area has varied extensively and can exceed a week, leaving symptomatic people and clinicians doubtful of their position, generally making anxiety.
He is optimistic that the on-campus diagnostic lab will permit a great deal wider testing that will give a far better image of how common the virus is, given that quite a few persons put up with mild or no signs or symptoms, nevertheless can be contagious. Huge-scale testing has been important to the capacity of other countries to command the distribute of disorder by pinpointing infected folks, he stated.
“There are other facets of broader testing that would be so clinically potent,” he stated. “We could make far better conclusions about overall health, about function, about perhaps how long we require to keep on to socially length, primarily based on what we discover.”
The power of automation and robotics
The IGI’s scientific director for technological innovation and translation, Fyodor Urnov, played a significant function in mobilizing sources — devices, persons and income — right after a March 13 assembly of 59 persons inside the institute. The basic strategy necessary to exam for a virus — isolating RNA from a sample and amplifying it using the polymerase chain response (PCR) — is program in dozens of labs at most universities. The important, Urnov stated, was to quickly figure out how to scale and automate the method for clinical use.
UC Berkeley labs possessing higher-throughput PCR equipment donated their devices to the result in, whilst IGI proven robotic sample managing as effectively as protected data management.
“We threw our R&D (investigation and development) mentality into understanding how we can scale it up and accelerate it, simply because we comprehended this essential require of the health-related neighborhood,” stated Urnov, a professor of molecular and mobile biology who put in 15 a long time in the biotech field right before coming to UC Berkeley. “Who we are as scientists seriously connected to an unmet require.”
Scientific testing of patient samples is very regulated, necessitating CLIA certification not only of lab scientists, but of the actual laboratory area, devices and excellent command methods. When the Tang Heart has two CLIA-certified lab scientists, the heart does not have a Biosafety Amount two (BSL2) lab needed for testing viruses like SARS-CoV-two.
Many thanks to the new rules, however, the Tang Center’s certification is being prolonged to the BSL2 lab in the IGI, and the scientists who volunteered to do the testing are now taking an accelerated instruction program to be ready to operate the devices 24/seven, if vital.
Apart from quickly turnaround, Urnov stated, the major emphasis is precision, something that dogged the Facilities for Condition Manage and Prevention’s first exam kits and delayed widespread testing for a important thirty day period at the starting of the epidemic in the United States.
“We have controls for our controls,” he stated. ”A good deal of function has absent into ensuring that we are correct when we inform clinicians regardless of whether their patient is optimistic or negative.”
As Urnov and his staff ramp up diagnostics, other scientists at UC Berkeley have damaged into about a dozen “rapid investigation reaction teams” to emphasis on other COVID-associated investigation tasks, such as feasible enhanced diagnostics, new prescription drugs to deal with the infection and methods to provide prescription drugs to people.
“We are chatting about a team of extra than 100 persons who are actively collaborating in investigation tasks, such as persons from UCSF, Stanford and the Gladstone Institutes,” Doudna stated. “These for a longer time-time period tasks tackle the ongoing require to have an understanding of this household of viruses and to put together for long run outbreaks now.”
Supply: UC Berkeley | <urn:uuid:d12d4ab4-56bd-42ab-bcb5-2d3a2592d48c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soumik.info/uc-berkeley-scientists-spin-up-a-robotic-covid-19-testing-lab.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00296.warc.gz | en | 0.94202 | 1,669 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What is Syphilis?
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is relatively common in Indonesia. Some people are at high risk of infection, including men who have sex with men and people who have unprotected sex. Syphilis is usually spread through sex with an infected person. Infection with syphilis initially causes a shallow painless ulcer on the genitals. If undetected and untreated syphilis can cause serious illness later in life, making screening and treatment really important! Syphilis can be detected with a blood test and treated effectively with antibiotics.
Syphilis infection is usually spread through direct contact with an infectious lesion. Early syphilis infection causes a shallow ulcer on the skin and contact with this lesion, typically during sex, can result in infection. Unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex with a person with syphilis can all result in transmission of infection. However, the bacteria that causes syphilis cannot survive outside the body so it can’t be transmitted by touching objects someone with syphilis infection had touched or just being in the same room as someone with syphilis. Syphilis can also be spread through blood transfusion and sharing drug injecting equipment, although this is much less common cause of infection.
Syphilis infection can also spread from mother to baby. The bacteria that causes syphilis can cross the placenta, so if someone pregnant becomes infected, their baby can be infected before birth, or during birth. If a baby is exposed to syphilis while still inside the mother's womb they can get congenital syphilis. Congenital syphilis is a very serious disease as almost half of children congenital syphilis die shortly before or after birth. Even if they survive, they would experience significant morbidity throughout their childhood.
Syphilis infection and complications
Syphilis infection has four stages, each with different symptoms, which usually occur in this order:
- Primary syphilis
- Secondary syphilis
- Latent syphilis
- Tertiary or late stage syphilis
Primary syphilis is the first stage of infection, it can occur 2-3 weeks after becoming infected. Usually primary syphilis causes a red lump where the infection entered the body. The lump turns into a small sore or ulcer. These ulcers are commonly on or around the penis, vagina or anus, but can be in the back of the throat as well. Usually the ulcers don’t cause any pain and heal on their own, so often people don’t seek any treatment for them. If untreated the bacteria in the lesion can enter the blood and cause secondary infection.
The second stage of syphilis occurs in around 25% of people not treated for primary syphilis. It begins a few weeks to months after primary syphilis.
Symptoms of secondary syphilis include:
- Smooth, painless white wart-like lesions appearing in moist regions like the genitals, anal region and armpits called condyloma lata. These lesions are commonly mistaken as HPV (human papilloma virus) infection.
- Flu-like symptoms including sore throat and muscle aches
- Weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
If untreated skin lesions resolve in weeks to months.
In this stage of syphilis there are no symptoms, and infection can remain in the body for many years without anyone knowing or showing signs of infection. Latent syphilis can only be detected with specialised blood tests.
This stage of syphilis infection can cause serious damage to the heart, skin, brain and other organs. In some cases of latent syphilis the immune system reacts to the bacteria that has been dormant in the body which can cause very serious disease, including neurosyphilis.
Neurosyphilis is the name for syphilis infection that as moved into the brain or spinal cord. It can happen in primary, secondary, latent or tertiary syphilis. It can cause many symptoms including:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Vision loss
Syphilis can be diagnosed by simple tests. More than 5 million cases of syphilis are diagnosed every year, with the majority occurring in low and middle-income countries, like Indonesia. Testing for syphilis involves either taking a swab of suspected ulcer or having a blood test.
If you are worried you might have syphilis or have a sexual partner that has been diagnosed with syphilis, you should see a doctor even if you have no symptoms!
If you see a doctor to get tested for syphilis they might test for other STIs to keep you safe and healthy. If you’re having unprotected sex regularly, regular testing is a great idea. To learn more about STI testing check out our testing article!
Syphilis infection can be cured by treatment with antibiotics. Primary and secondary syphilis can be treated with a single injection of antibiotics. Some latent and all tertiary syphilis infections require longer treatment but are still curable.
If you are treated for syphilis your recent sexual partners also need antibiotic treatment too. After finishing treatment most people need follow-up testing to make sure they are cured, this involves having another blood test a few months later.
Syphilis can only be transmitted by contact with people who have a syphilis infection. The risk of syphilis infection can be reduced by always using condoms during sex, avoiding sex if your partner has any symptoms that could be caused by an infection, or abstinence. If you’re worried you may have syphilis, it is safest to avoid any sexual intercourse and see your doctor as soon as possible! | <urn:uuid:9133230a-3599-4b8d-a98d-ee83ee6e4ac8> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.reprodukasi.org/en/syphilis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704847953.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210128134124-20210128164124-00168.warc.gz | en | 0.93397 | 1,145 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Geometry often involves comparing and classifying shapes, line segments and angles. Triangles can be classified by 2 different attributes. A triangle may be named for its angles or for its lines. It may also be given a dual classification and classified by lines and angles. You will be able to give every triangle a more specific name after learning how to classify triangles.
Classify Triangles by Sides
1Measure each side of the 3 sides of the triangle using a ruler.
2Place the ruler at the end of each line segment of the 3 lines in the triangle and measure to the opposite endpoint of each line.
3Make note of the measurement for each of the 3 triangle sides.
4Determine how the 3 sides compare in length. Inspect to see if some lines are longer than others in length and if any of the lines are equal in length.
5Place the triangle into a category based on the comparison that you concluded about 3 line segment lengths of the shape.
- A triangle with at least 2 congruent, equal, sides falls into the category of isosceles.
- A triangle with all 3 congruent sides will be classified as equilateral.
- A triangle with no congruent sides is labeled as scalene.
Classify a Triangle by Angles
1Use a protractor to measure each of the 3 interior angles of the given triangle.
2Record the measurement of each angle in degrees.
- The 3 angles inside a triangle will always have a sum of 180 degrees.
3Distinguish if the angles are right, acute or obtuse according to their measurements.
4Classify the triangle according to the measurement and the type of angles.
- Name the triangle as an obtuse triangle if any of the angles are greater than 90 degrees. An obtuse triangle will only have 1 obtuse angle.
- Classify the triangle as a right triangle if the triangle possess a right angle of 90 degrees. A right triangle will only have 1 right angle.
- Categorize the triangle as acute if all 3 of its angles are less than 90 degrees.
- Determine that the triangle is equilateral if all 3 of its angles, (which would have to be acute), are congruent. In an equilateral triangle, all 3 of the angles will be 60 degrees, because the sum of the 3 interior angles in a triangle is always 180 degrees.
- An equilateral triangle can also be classified as an isosceles triangle, because at least 2 of its sides are congruent.
- An obtuse triangle and a right triangle will both have acute angles. However, they can not be classified as acute. An acute triangle must have 3 acute angles.
- Always use a tool, not your naked eye, to measure the line segments and angles of a triangle. The lines or angles may appear congruent when, in fact, there is only a small difference among them. The error in measurement will change the classification.
Things You'll Need
In other languages:
Português: Classificar Triângulos, Español: clasificar triángulos, 中文: 给三角形分类, Italiano: Classificare i Triangoli, Deutsch: Dreiecke klassifizieren, Français: classifier les triangles, Русский: классифицировать треугольники, Nederlands: Driehoeken classificeren, Bahasa Indonesia: Mengklasifikasikan Segitiga, العربية: تصنيف المثلثات, Čeština: Jak rozlišovat druhy trojúhelníků, हिन्दी: त्रिभुज का वर्गीकरण करें, ไทย: จัดประเภทของสามเหลี่ยม, Tiếng Việt: Phân biệt Các dạng Hình tam giác
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Lack of hurricanes may be due to Brazil drought, expert saysby John Nelander
On Wednesday, we’ll have matched the 2002 mark for latest first hurricane during the post-1966 satellite era. If no hurricane forms in the Atlantic by the following Monday, Sept. 16, it will tie the all-time latest first hurricane record set in 1941.
Of course this is a good thing, but weather researchers are wondering why so many tropical storms (seven so far) have not developed further during the height of the season. A Weather Underground blogger came up with one possible explanation last week: A drought in Brazil has been pumping dry air into the Atlantic, causing tropical storms to fizzle out.
Lee Grenci, a retired professor of meteorology at Penn State, cites low relative humidity over the Atlantic “associated with a regional spell of dry weather” in August and early September.
According to Weather Underground’s founder, Jeff Masters, the drought in Brazil is the costliest natural disaster in the country’s history at $8.3 billion dollars.
Meanwhile, Tropical Depression Eight formed off the East Coast of Mexico Friday afternoon with sustained winds of 35 mph, but it moved on shore within hours and didn’t have an opportunity to reach tropical storm status.
It was the third tropical cyclone to hit Northeastern Mexico this year. Tropical Storm Barry formed on June 17 and made landfall north of Veracruz with winds of 45 mph. Tropical Storm Fernand formed on Aug. 25 and moved inland at almost the same location with 50 mph winds.
The National Hurricane Center was watching two other areas of potential development over the weekend, including a strong tropical wave emerging from the West Coast of Africa. Forecasters gave it an 80 percent chance of becoming a depression, or a tropical storm, by Thursday.
In addition, the remnants of Tropical Storm Gabrielle showed signs of regeneration north of Hispaniola. The system is expected to move north or northeast over the next five days. It should be no threat to Florida.
* * *
Almost a half-inch of rain fell in Palm Beach and at Palm Beach International Airport Friday night and early Saturday morning as low pressure sagged south over the peninsula. It was expected to stall over Lake Okeechobee and deliver more rain through Saturday, followed by drying trend on Sunday and Monday.
More South Florida records fell late week, including one on Wednesday at PBIA. The low dropped to 83 degrees, another record high minimum temperature, beating the previous record of 80 set in 1983. On Friday, a record minimum temperature was tied in Miami with a reading of 82, matching the mark set in 1977.
Naples set a record one-day rainfall mark Friday with 2.57 inches, smashing the mark of 1.11 inches set in 1971. | <urn:uuid:02047bf4-6471-4df3-9cb4-c2b74210a99b> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://blogs.palmbeachpost.com/weathermatters/2013/09/07/lack-of-hurricanes-may-be-due-to-brazil-drought-expert-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394021856395/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305121736-00024-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943275 | 578 | 2.875 | 3 |
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Chronic glaucoma is a disease that affects the optic nerve (neuropathy) and is characterized by gradual loss of field of vision. It has an impact on changes in the optic nerve, caused by high intraocular pressure – ocular hypertension. The disease occurs gradually and painlessly, permanently damaging the eyes.
Causes of chronic glaucoma
Despite its recognition as multifactorial, the most common cause of this disease is elevated intraocular pressure.
The fluid that is continuously excreted to the front of the eye for the purpose of nourishing the tissues and maintaining the correct shape of the eye is usually drained at an angle through the structure of the eye between the iris and the edge of the cornea. When glaucoma occurs, the fluid in the eyeball is blocked, which in turn raises the pressure inside the eye. This situation leads to optic nerve (it is responsible for the transfer of nerve impulses from the retina to the brain) damage and may cause a gradual loss of vision.
The main reason for this is not known, but one can list the risk factors that contribute to the onset of the disease:
- older age – usually around the age of 60,
- inheritance – the history of family diseases, most commonly in the African population,
- eye disease like myopia.
Chronic glaucoma does not cause obvious symptoms at the time of occurrence of the disease, and as it progresses, they may appear some visual field defects, which sometimes become a nuisance. In parallel with the successive stages of the disease may worsen vision in the dark and when moving from dark to light places.
The chronic form of glaucoma often shows no symptoms until the late years of life, which contributes to permanent vision loss. First appear the problems with the vision on the outer edges of the eye, blurring of vision and difficulty in focusing the eyes.
It is recommended to do preventive examinations every two years after age 40, which will help to diagnose the disease in its early stages, preventing permanent damage.
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic glaucoma
Chronic glaucoma can be detected at an early stage during a routine eye examination. Ophthalmologist most often uses the tonometry – measurement of the pressure within the eye and examine the ocular fundus.
The initial stages of chronic glaucoma are treated pharmacologically to reduce intraocular pressure. They are used eye drops, which allow keeping the disease in check for many years. However, if the condition is getting worse, laser or surgical treatment is used, with safe measures depending on the severity of the disease in the patient.
The disease is not easy to prevent, but in the risk group, it is worth taking care of proper intraocular pressure, which satisfactorily helps avoid the development of the disease.
Chronic glaucoma is a disease so severe that it should not be underestimated. It is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is, therefore, important to take care of early detection, prevention and appropriate treatment that will slow down or even completely prevent progression of blindness. | <urn:uuid:75dc5a38-b61a-460a-a7b1-7008231eb7a8> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://health-factbook.com/disease/eye-diseases/chronic-glaucoma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153391.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210727103626-20210727133626-00044.warc.gz | en | 0.937178 | 760 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Balance With Blended Learning
When providing feedback on your paper, I usually include a grid with Context along the left margin and Content across the top–questions about the book (view this video Make It Happen–Feedback with Thinking Maps). Because Balance With Blended Learning provides book study questions at the end of each chapter, it seems an opportune time to provide you a choice option. Rather than have me as instructor ask five of my questions, I will ask you to choose five question clusters from the study guide (no two from the same chapter). Clearly identify which question clusters and chapter you are addressing. Be sure to specifically cite elements of the book in your writing, and include elements from at least one article or video from the course readings that relate to the book. Also include integration ideas you have for your classroom setting.
Five to eight pages – label it JPrepU1AsgmtBalanceBlended and be sure to include your name in the name of the file (e.g. JPrepU1AsgmtBalancedBlended – Lennie Symes).
For your convenience, below is the list of the Book Study Questions from the book:
Book Study Questions Chap 1
The Problem with Traditional Grading Practices
- What aspects of your job are most challenging? What hurdles make it hard to teach and reach all students?
- When and where do you typically assess student work? Do you involve students in the feedback and assessment process? Why, or why not?
- How many hours outside of class do you spend grading in a typical week? If you did not have to spend that time grading, what would you enjoy doing with your time?
- How effective do you feel traditional grading practices are in helping students to develop skills? Do you feel the time you invest in grading yields significant improvements in the quality of your students’ work?
- Which problem with traditional grading practices identified in this chapter resonated most with you? Why?
- If you could add an additional problem to the list presented in this chapter, what would you add? How has this additional “problem” with traditional grades impacted your teaching? What impact has it had on student learning and motivation?
- How is your grade book organized? Do you use categories and percentages? If so, how might this impact a student’s ability to track his or her progress? Does your grade book make it clear what skills the student is doing well on and which skills require more time and practice?
- Do you encourage students to reflect on or track their progress in your class? If so, what does that process look like? How much class time do you dedicate to that practice? What are the benefits of building this practice into class?
- Do you allow students to edit, revise, and reassess to improve work that has already been graded? If so, how do you manage this? What are the expectations for students? If you do not allow students to revisit prior work, what is driving that policy?
- How do you think moving feedback and assessment into the classroom might impact your students’ motivation and the overall class culture?
- How do you feel about the argument that grades in any form are damaging and should be tossed out? Is that a conversation worth having at your school? What might some of the arguments against getting rid of grades be?
Book Study Questions Chap 2
Embracing a Partnership Model with Blended Learning
- What assumptions about teaching and learning did you have when you entered the teaching profession? Where did these mental models come from? Which assumptions turned out to be inaccurate or detrimental to learning? How has your practice changed over time?
- Review the partnership principles and identify one principle you feel you do well in your classroom. How is that partnership principle visible in your classroom design and interactions with students?
- Review the partnership principles and identify one principle you feel you need to invest time in developing. How can you adjust your classroom design or alter your interactions with students to promote that partnership principle?
- In the description of the partnership principles, did any of the specific examples about how I promote these principles in my classroom stand out to you? If so, which one? How might you adapt this particular strategy or activity for your students?
- Which of the blended learning models described in Figure 2.3 have you used in your classroom? How did using that model impact your role in the classroom? Did you feel you had more time to work directly with individual or small groups of students? Was it easier to differentiate learning for students at different levels or to personalize learning for individual students?
- Is there a blended learning model you want to try that you have not used before? Which model would you like to experiment with? How can that model help you to more effectively partner with your students?
- If the teacher–student relationship was a true partnership, what impact do you think that would have on your engagement and your students’ engagement?
Book Study Questions Chap 3
Who Is Doing the Work in Your Classroom?
- Where do you invest the most time and energy as a teacher? Is this investment paying off? Why, or why not?
- If you could spend less time doing one aspect of your job, what would it be? Why? If you could spend more time doing one aspect of your job, what would it be? Why?
- Complete an energy assessment. (1) Make a two-column chart, and label one side “energizing” and the other “draining.” Then identify each aspect of your job and put it in the corresponding column. For example, do you consider designing lessons energizing or draining? If you find it energizing, list it under the energizing column. (2) Once you’ve completed this activity with each of your myriad “jobs” as a teacher, reflect on what you have learned about your work based on this activity. How many tasks are in the energizing column versus the draining column?
- Which tasks from the draining column might be eliminated by putting students in charge of those tasks? Select one task and think about how you could rethink your approach to this task by reframing it using the question, “How can my students … ?” Describe how this specific task could be completed by students. How might having students complete this task positively impact them as learners?
- Put a check mark next to all of the activities below that you currently take responsibility for in your classroom. Once you have identified the tasks you “own” right now, select one and brainstorm ways you can shift ownership to students. How could students complete this task? What scaffolds, support, or instruction would they need to be successful in accomplishing this task? How might taking ownership of this specific task positively impact students as learners?
□ Plans daily lessons and activities □ Teaches or facilitates the lesson □ Designs projects □ Troubleshoots technology hiccups □ Assesses student work □ Providing feedback on student work □ Communicates with parents about student progress
Book Study Questions Chap 4
Encouraging Metacognition in Your Classroom
- How are you currently encouraging students to think metacognitively about their learning? How will encouraging a metacognitive practice support the partnership model presented in Chapter 2?
- Of the five strategies designed to develop metacognitive skills presented in this chapter, which ones can you imagine using with your students? How might incorporating these specific routines into your classroom impact the culture of learning?
- How will you respond to students who struggle with or resist these routines? What can you do to support them in developing these metacognitive skills? Are there scaffolds you may need to create or use to help students build confidence in their ability to think about their learning, articulate what they are doing well and what they are struggling with, and/or track their progress as learners?
- How can you use the responses shared by students as they reflect metacognitively on their learning to improve your teaching practice? How might their responses help you to design more personalized learning experiences?
- Review Figure 4.8 and think about how you might build these metacognitive routines in your class using specific blended learning models. Which models do you currently use? How might you integrate a metacognitive practice into the models you already use with students? How often would you have students complete a task designed to get them thinking metacognitively?
- If students push back when asked to engage in metacognitive skill building, how will you articulate the value of these routines? Practice a 90-second elevator speech designed to help students understand the value of developing their ability to think about their thinking and reflect on their learning.
Book Study Questions Chap 5
Flip Learning With Videos
- How much time on average do you spend in class on direct instruction, modeling, or reviewing directions? What type of content can you imagine recording and making available via video?
- Do you currently use any video content with students? If so, what types of videos do you use? How do you use them? If not, why haven’t you used videos with your students? Are there any obstacles or challenges you face when it comes to using video content with students?
- What are the potential benefits of using video? Do you have concerns about using video content with your students? How might you mitigate these potential challenges?
- Which blended learning models do you currently use? What role does video play in those models? How might you expand your use of videos? If you add more video content to your lessons, how might that impact the way you use your time in class with students?
- Will you create your own videos or curate online videos to use with students? What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? If you are going to create your own video content, what process will you use to produce and share them?
- How can video content help you to actualize the partnership model described in Chapter 2 of this book? How can video help teachers to create more time and space to work directly with students?
Book Study Questions Chap 6
- How have you attempted to motivate unmotivated students in the past? Have you discovered any strategies that are effective in motivating students who initially seemed uninterested or apathetic?
- Have you asked students to set goals? If so, what format have you used? Did you give students class time to set their goals? Did you discuss your students’ goals with them? If so, how successful was goal setting in motivating your students? How do you feel about allowing students to focus on academic and personal goals?
- In addition to setting goals, what other strategies might move students down the spectrum from external regulation, where they are only motivated by rewards and punishments, toward identified regulation, where their behavior aligns with their goals, or integrated regulation, where behavior is an essential part of their identity and aligns with their other interests?
- Do you currently conference with your students? If so, when do you conference with them? What is the purpose of those conferences? Do they take a particular format? If not, what has stopped you from meeting with students to discuss their progress?
- do you feel is the value of conferencing for students? How might regular conferencing about student goals impact their motivation, progress, and learning outcomes?
- do you feel is the value of conferencing for you as the teacher? How might conferencing regularly with students impact your relationships with them and your overall classroom culture?
- How does goal setting and conferencing support the partnership model described in Chapter 2?
Book Study Questions Chap 7
Real-Time Feedback Using the Station Rotation Model
- How often do you give feedback on student work? What is the biggest challenge you associate with giving feedback?
- What percentage of your time do you dedicate to providing feedback during the process as opposed to providing feedback on the product? When you provide feedback on a finished product, what are students expected to do with that feedback?
- What form does your feedback typically take? Do you leave written, typed, or audio comments? What types of technology tools do you currently use to give feedback? Are there any tips in this chapter that you are excited to try?
- Do you typically give task and product level feedback or process level feedback as described by Hattie? How do you decide what type of feedback is appropriate?
- Review Barnes’s SE2R strategy and Hattie’s three questions. How might you adapt and use one or both of these strategies in your feedback sessions? Would you use one strategy for one type of work and another strategy for a different type of work?
- If you designed a Station Rotation lesson in which your teacher-led station was dedicated to real-time feedback, what other activities might you design for the other stations to keep kids engaged and learning? How can you use technology to free yourself from needing to transfer information or explain things in class?
- In addition to the tips in this chapter, what other real-time feedback tips or protocols could you put in place to limit interruptions and maintain your focus at the teacher-led station when you are giving students feedback?
Book Study Questions Chap 8
Rubrics for Learning
- Do you currently use rubrics? If so, what do your rubrics look like? What scale do you typically use? Do you include descriptions of what each criterion looks like at different levels of mastery? If you do not use rubrics, why not?
- How might providing students with rubrics at the start of an assignment that will be assessed impact their ability to be successful? What routines can you implement to help students explore and use rubrics?
- Do you have students assess their own work? If so, how do you structure that process? How might asking them to assess their work using the rubric impact the quality of their work?
- How can using rubrics with students support their reflective practice and help them to develop metacognitive skills? How can you use rubrics to encourage students to think about their learning and progress?
- What do you think about the idea that you do not need to grade every criterion on a multi-skill rubric every time you assess student work? How might strategically selecting three criteria make assessing student work more manageable, both for you and your students?
- What are your thoughts on the single-skill rubric? Can you imagine using single-skill rubrics for formative and/or summative assessments? Would focusing on one skill allow you to move assessments into the classroom?
- How can using rubrics to support students as they work encourage self-assessment and drive reflection and metacognition help to support the partnership model presented in Chapter 2?
Book Study Questions Chap 9
- How do you decide what to grade? What is motivating your decisions about what to grade?
- Review Figures 9.1 and 9.2. How is this flowchart similar to or different from how you decide what to provide feedback on and what to grade? If you used the flowchart presented in Figure 9.1, how would that impact the volume of work you currently grade? What might be beneficial about using this approach? What might be challenging?
- How can you use blended learning models to create time to conduct side-by-side assessments? Which blended learning models do you currently use? What modifications would you need to make to those models to ensure students could work effectively without you facilitating the lesson?
- How do you feel about the idea of narrowing your focus when you grade to cover only a few skills? How might focusing on a few skills be beneficial for you and your students?
- What is the value of having students complete a self-assessment prior to a side-by-side assessment? Besides completing a rubric and explaining their scores, is there anything you would add to the self-assessment activity?
- Write a short 60-second elevator speech explaining to students the purpose of side-by-side assessments. Why are you using this strategy? What is the goal? What do you hope you and the students will get out of it?
- What do you anticipate will be most challenging about conducting side-by-side assessments? How can you troubleshoot or mitigate this potential challenge? What protocols can you put in place to help these sessions run smoothly?
- How do side-by-side assessments support the partnership model described in Chapter 2?
Book Study Questions Chap 10
Students Communicate Directly with Parents About Their Progress
- Do your students communicate with their parents about their progress in your class? If so, how? If not, why not?
- How could you adapt and use the strategy of having students email their parents? If you have parents without email addresses, how else could you encourage students to communicate with their parents?
- If your students had to communicate with their parents regularly about missing or incomplete work, what impact might that have on your students and your classroom culture?
- Write an email template or script for a student in your class to use to communicate with their parents about missing or incomplete work.
- Write an email template or script for a student in your class that is designed to help them share a success.
- What tool could you use to have students publish work either in a digital portfolio or a digital notebook? What are the benefits for the student, teacher, and parents when students publish their work online?
- Do you currently hold conferences with your parents? If so, what role does the student play in preparing for or participating in these conferences? If you do not currently conference with parents, could you use the student-led in-class conference or virtual student-led conferences described in this chapter?
- How can the strategies presented in this chapter (communicating with parents via email, publishing student work, and conducting student-led conferences) support the partnership model presented in Chapter 2?
Book Study Questions Chap 11
- How do you think offering grade interviews can help you to combat some of the problems that exist with traditional grading practices? What impact might grade interviews have on your students’ motivation?
- How would you decide who qualifies for a grade interview? Would you allow students to request a grade interview? How would you streamline these requests? Would you require grade interviews for particular students? If so, who?
- How would you structure your grade interviews? Would you model them after the formal argument format described in this chapter or would you modify this format? How much time would you ideally dedicate to each interview to ensure this practice is sustainable?
- What types of lessons could you design that would allow you to conduct your grade interviews while the rest of the class works?
- Write a 60-second elevator speech articulating the value of grade interviews to your students. What is the purpose of grade interviews? Why is it worth dedicating class time to them? What do you hope students will get out of the experience?
- How do grade interviews support the partnership model described in Chapter 2?
- What do you plan to try first? What strategy from this book can you implement in your class tomorrow, next week, next year? How can you use the “replace and improve” mentality to ensure that the changes you make now are sustainable? | <urn:uuid:ad61f5fe-08a8-4f15-a392-6362707d2c31> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://ownmylearning.online/jprep/u1/jprepu1asgmtbalanceblended/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474746.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228211701-20240229001701-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.955505 | 3,987 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The health and lifestyle of people who live in deprived urban neighbourhoods in the Netherlands are not as good as those of people living outside these neighbourhoods. However, the mental health and perceived health of these residents have improved in recent years, and the number of smokers has dropped.
Health and lifestyle less favourable in deprived areas
People who live in the designated deprived neighbourhoods are more likely to perceive their health as less than good than people living in other urban neighbourhoods and in the rest of the Netherlands. People in deprived neighbourhoods also more often have physical limitations, and more of them have mental health problems. Their lifestyle is also less healthy: they smoke more and exercise less than people in the rest of the country. Also more of them are obese. Heavy drinking is not more common in these neighbourhoods, however.
Around half of the differences in health and lifestyle between deprived neighbourhoods and other urban neighbourhoods can be explained by differences in age, sex, education level and ethnic origin of the inhabitants. Relatively many people with a low education level live in deprived neighbourhoods, for example.
Health and lifestyle within and outside deprived neighbourhoods, 2005/2009
Perceived health and mental health improving
Since the designation of the deprived neighbourhoods in 2007, overall health in these neighbourhoods does seem to have improved somewhat. The percentage of people who perceived their health as less than good fell from 30 in 2005/2007 to 25 in 2007/2009. The proportion of people with mental health problems also decreased, from 21 to 17 percent. In other urban neighbourhoods and the rest of the Netherlands these percentages remained stable. Moreover, smoking has decreased in deprived neighbourhoods. Although this is also true for the rest of the Netherlands, the decrease there was smaller.
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Thinning Hair and Hair Loss
Hair loss in any form is a cause of distress for most people. Many assume that thinning hair, or loss of hair is simply an unavoidable aspect of aging. Others assume it is determined by heredity and therefore, cannot be avoided. It is important to note that there are numerous causes of thinning hair and a variety of treatments available to address this issue. Often thought of as a problem primarily plaguing men, the issue of thinning hair and/or hair loss affects numerous people, both male and female, sometimes at a fairly young age.
Hair Loss Terms
- Alopecia is the common medical term used to describe the loss of hair either on the head, or on any part of the body.
- Male Pattern Baldness refers to the loss of hair from the front and central part of the head, with hair usually remaining on the sides and back of the head.
- Female Pattern Baldness is a term used to describe the thinning of hair on a woman’s head. Typically this is an overall thinning, not specifically affecting a woman’s hairline, with the primary spot for thinning being on the top of the head.
- Effluvium is a term that is used in combination with other medical terms to describe the type of hair loss. The word by itself means a shedding of hair.
- Trichotillomania is a condition where a person, either child or adult, is in the habit of pulling out normal, healthy hair.
How Hair Grows
There are three basic phases of hair growth in normal hair follicles. The growing phase is called anagen. This is the longest phase and can last from two to eight years. Next is a transition phase that represents the time when the hair has stopped growing and is entering the resting phase. This period lasts for about two to four weeks, as the hair follicle shrinks, and the hair stops growing, but remains attached.
This transitional phase is called catagen. The last phase is the resting phase, or telogen. This phase lasts from two to four months. After the resting phase is over, the hair naturally falls out, as new hair grows in to replace it. On any given day, it is estimated that a person with a normal, healthy head of hair has up to 100 hairs that have finished the telogen phase and fall out.
Symptoms of Hair Loss
The symptoms for hair loss are quite obvious in most instances, particularly for men. A visibly receding hairline is often the first indicator. For women, it may take some time for the thinning to be noticeable. In fact for some women, the first indicator is a noticeable increase in the quantity of hair coming out in a brush, or collecting in a drain after the hair has been washed. In some instances, a woman may be alerted to the condition by her hair dresser. In any case, whether male or female, the loss will eventually be visible to the eye.
Causes of Hair Loss
Hair loss can be caused by a vast number of things(opens PDF). In many instances, a person’s head of hair can reflect a person’s overall health.
In some instances, the loss can be caused by a known drug, the most obvious being chemotherapy. It is important to note that other drugs can also cause hair loss, including some drugs used to treat common ailments like high blood pressure or depression. This type of hair loss is sometimes referred to as Anagen Effluvium, as in many cases, the hair falls out or is disrupted during the anagen or growing phase. Anagen Effluvium is also found from exposure to chemicals like mercury.
Poor nutrition can be blamed for some cases of hair loss. From B5 (Pantothenic Acid) to B2 (Riboflavin), to a deficiency in essential fatty acids, people who are not adhering to a well balanced diet may experience some form of hair loss. Essential vitamins and minerals are vital to healthy hair.
Physical and emotional stressors can also cause a person to experience thinning hair. A severe illness or a sudden loss of weight, are both common causes of hair loss. Some cases of hair loss can be directly attributed to thyroid issues or anemia.
In some instances, hair loss is permanent, and may be caused by inflammation brought on by a variety of skin conditions. This type of hair loss is called Scarring Alopecia, and typically occurs when, as the name implies, hair follicles are scarred.
The most common cause of baldness or thinning hair is frequently attributed to three things: hormones, heredity and aging. Although this type of balding can begin as early as the teen years for men, it is more frequently observed with age, and seems more likely to have a strong connection to heredity.
When reading through the causes listed previously, there are some obvious indications of those who are at higher risk for hair loss and thinning hair. Some factors, like heredity, are beyond a person’s control. Others, like diet and stress can be addressed and approved either alone, or with help.
Preventing Thinning Hair
First and foremost, pay attention to your overall health. Consume a well balanced diet and take a multi vitamin. If you regularly experience stress, try to incorporate a daily de-stressor into your schedule. Consider activities like yoga, meditation, or virtually any kind of physical exercise. These are all proven stress reducers, and can play big part in a person’s overall well-being, which in turn plays a part in your hair health.
For women or men with long hair, refrain from putting your hair up in braids or tight pony tails, as the stress of sustained pulling on the hair can cause hair loss. Be cautious of using harsh chemicals in any aspect of your life, but particularly in hair dyes or other hair treatments. Consider incorporating any of the herbal remedies shown to promote healthy hair. (See Treatment Options).
Testing and Diagnosing
Because there are a wide variety of conditions that can contribute to hair loss, tests performed during a diagnosis are also widely varied. From a nutritional analysis, to blood tests, to the microscopic study of a sample hair shaft, a patient may undergo any number of types of tests to rule out, or diagnosis underlying health conditions. In some rare instances, for some conditions, a skin biopsy might even be performed.
Depending on the underlying cause of hair loss, and if it can definitively be diagnosed, treatment options are varied.
For patients experiencing hair loss that is attributed to aging or heredity, there are a wide number of prescription drugs currently being prescribed. Minoxidil, also known as Rogaine, is widely used. It comes as a topical solution, and is applied directly to the scalp. Finasteride, also known as Propecia, is an oral medication prescribed for men only. It works to block the negative effects of male hormones on hair loss.
For Minoxidil products, the most common side effect is an itchy scalp, often treated with a simple dandruff shampoo. For Finasteride, side effects may include erectile dysfunction, or decreased libido, but these are seen in less than 20% of users.
Surgical hair transplantation is another viable option. In this procedure, healthy hair follicles are moved from one area of the scalp to an area that is balding. The side effects associated with this type of treatment are pain, swelling and some bleeding, all diminishing with time. A patient may also experience headaches, which normally can be treated with over the counter pain relievers.
For some patients, simple natural treatments are available and recommended, especially to treat hair loss that is attributed to diet or stress. Vitamins and exercise are two obvious, but very key treatment options.
There are a number of herbal remedies recommended for the treatment of thinning hair or baldness. These remedies generally fall into two categories: those taken internally and those applied topically. Topical remedies might include a mixture of essential oils like thyme, rosemary, lavender and cedarwood, applied directly to the scalp. Another commonly used topical treatment is coconut oil.
This treatment is particularly popular with women as it acts as a natural conditioner. Aloe Vera has also shown promise in promoting thick, healthy hair. Burdock Root Oil is another popular treatment, often added directly to your existing shampoo, making it a particularly easy one to try.
Herbal remedies taken internally include herbs used to improve blood circulation, including gingko biloba. Horsetail is another herb that is used to promote circulation and blood flow. It is thought to increase hair strength, and is frequently taken as tea. Other herbs, like green tea, are believed to block enzymes linked to hair loss. Green tea may be found either as a drink, or in capsule form. When trying any herbal treatment, it is important to watch for any allergic reaction, as these types of reactions are the most likely side effects.
For patients diagnosed with Trichotillomania, treatment may include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), performed by a trained psychologist. Generally speaking, this involves an attempt to determine the exact triggers causing a patient to pull out hair, and then teaching the patient ways to respond differently to those triggers. Some patients respond best to a combination of CBT and medication, such as one of the standard medicines used to treat depression. Others have been helped with dietary changes, hypnosis, yoga, or other natural remedies.
The most difficult type of hair loss to treat is the Scarring Alopecia variety. Because it is difficult to treat, most physicians will attempt aggressive treatment that may include corticosteroids in topical cream form or in injection form, or any of a variety of prescription drugs. Once a patient with this form reaches a time where the hair loss seems to have ceased, if any healthy hair follicles remain, the patient may be a good candidate for transplant surgery.
As with the treatment of any physical condition, it may take some time to determine what treatment protocol works best for each individual person. What works for one person may not produce the same results in the next. Research is constantly under way, investigating new possibilities for the treatment of hair loss.
Next Steps for Treating Hair Loss
For any person dealing with thinning hair or hair loss, it is important to realize that there are number of possible causes, and a number of available treatments. Taking time to examine your overall health and diet is the best first step.
For those who feel that heredity is leading them down a path of male or female pattern baldness, taking a pre-emptive strike may be the best possible path. Of course this includes diet and stress management, but it may also represent a great opportunity for the introduction of any of the numerous natural remedies associated with promoting hair growth. | <urn:uuid:baacf634-3124-4f2e-b099-34ef9ac45228> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.naturalremedies.org/thinning-hair/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280239.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958384 | 2,265 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Very many people suffering from insomnia are looking to alcohol as a cure. We are going to try and find out whether insomnia wine really works or not. Wine will help the individual fall asleep much faster thanks to the sedative properties of alcohol. This will, however, have negative effects on the person drinking it in both the long and short-term.
The number of people using alcohol to treat sleeping disorders has been steadily rising which is very alarming. This is because alcohol has numerous negative effects on both a person’s health and social life.
What Is the Cause of the Rise of Alcohol Self-Medication?
Studies have shown that the increased use of smartphones may be the cause of the rise in the number of people drinking alcohol to help them fall asleep.
These smart devices are created in a way that makes them emit blue light which has been discovered to affect an individual’s sleeping patterns. This can make it very difficult for an individual to fall asleep at the required time thus reducing the quality of sleep he/she gets.
Staying too long on your electronic gadgets can cause you to suffer from insomnia which is a sleep disorder that makes it difficult for one to fall asleep or the individual keeps waking up in the middle of the night. The tossing and turning at night due to lack of sleep has led many people to seek the help of alcohol.
Alcohol works as a sedative and muscle relaxant when ingested. The alcohol will disrupt communication between your brain cells and the spinal cord which will then cause your muscles to relax and get you into a lull state. This will work to get you to fall asleep and even cause you to stay asleep for much longer.
Alcohol, however, comes with a number of problems which include the person getting poor quality sleep thanks to the brain constantly receiving signal patterns thus preventing you from experiencing deep sleep.
Another disadvantage of alcohol is that it can cause the development of other sleep disorders such as apnea when taken in large quantities.
Taking wine every night to help you deal with insomnia can cause you to become dependent on it thus turning you into an alcoholic. Taking large amounts of wine can lead to liver damage in the long term and if not treated in time, it can lead to death.
When you find yourself unable to sleep at night, you should never reach for your smartphone/tablet because the blue light being emitted from it will lie to your brain that it is daylight as it mimics the sun’s light. This will always work to make your insomnia worse.
You should instead dim all the lights and try to relax your brain naturally without the use of alcohol. You can choose to count sheep or even listen to some soft music or nature sounds which will help your mind switch off.
Effects of Drinking Alcohol to Treat Insomnia
The following are some of the effects that have been reported in conjunction with self-medicating with alcohol:
- One wakes up feeling tired in the morning from the alcohol-induced sleep
- One has increased chances of suffering from depression this can also lead to alcohol dependency
- Alcohol worsens breathing-related sleep disorders such as sleep apnea thanks to its muscle relaxing abilities
- Alcohol increases your chances of getting hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
- Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to increased chances of getting into accidents thanks to getting poor quality sleep
- In the long run, alcohol will lead to liver failure which is fatal if not detected and treated in time
The Relationship Between Alcohol, Depression, and Insomnia
People suffering from depression tend to have difficulty falling asleep which is a condition known as insomnia.
Most people choose to rely on alcohol as a way to get them to fall asleep which is always the wrong choice. This is because alcohol is a depressant on its own and thus will make the condition even worse.
The alcohol may cause a lift in your mood initially but then it will cause you to fall into an even deeper depression.
The quality of sleep that the individual gets is of poor quality which makes them feel tired during the day. This often causes the individual to drink even more so as to reduce these unpleasant effects.
This self-medicating with alcohol to treat both depression and insomnia causes people to become alcoholics. Your body’s alcohol tolerance will increase thus causing you to increase the amount of alcohol you take and some will graduate from drinking bottles of wine to downing copious amounts of spirits. This can lead to liver problems which can be fatal.
How to Treat Insomnia Without the Use of Alcohol
There are a number of ways in which you can treat your insomnia without having to drink wine. These include:
- Creating a conducive sleep environment by dimming lights and eliminating noise.
- A touch of blue bedroom décor will set the mood for quick and sufficient sleep.
- You should make sure that you switch off your smart devices when you go to bed.
- Try and get yourself a regular sleeping pattern by going to bed at the same time each night even if you don’t fall asleep immediately and also waking up at the same time each morning.
- Avoid eating fatty or oily foods before bed
- Avoid taking caffeine or alcohol before going to bed.
- Ensure that the mattress you use is comfortable and firm, and that the pillows you sleep on are soft.
- Adjust the room temperature so that it is not too warm or too cold to avoid waking you in the middle of the night.
The information provided above clearly shows that insomnia wine is a complete failure in treating insomnia. It is very important for one to get enough hours of quality sleep in order to be productive during the day in both work and social activities. This is usually prevented when you drink alcohol before bed as it interrupts your REM sleep which is very important.
If you were thinking about starting self-medicating with alcohol to treat insomnia then you should do away with that though. The adverse effects of alcohol are not worth a couple of hours of poor quality sleep.
Most people who are alcoholics started out trying to get their brains to shut down so they could fall asleep. The solution worked short term, and not effective, but the effects were fatal.
There are so many alternatives to help you effectively treat insomnia that are healthier and will also save you a lot of money.
You should get in touch with a qualified sleep doctor if you are having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. The doctor will be able to conduct tests and also get you on a treatment that will help you deal with the problem long term.
Most times doctors choose to implement behavioral therapy to treat insomnia rather than prescribing sleep medication. Most times insomnia is caused by poor lifestyle choices. | <urn:uuid:aa6d95e9-f573-42f0-ab0e-14e63c5b073a> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.alsace-route-des-vins.com/insomnia-wine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400279782.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927121105-20200927151105-00557.warc.gz | en | 0.961027 | 1,360 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A branchial cleft abnormality is a cluster of abnormally formed tissue in the neck. Branchial cleft abnormalities may form:
Branchial cleft abnormalities are usually found in front of the large muscles on either the side of the neck.
This health problem can cause local infections that keep coming back. This may happen when your child has another infection, like a cold, cough, or sore throat.
These are the most common symptoms of a branchial cleft abnormality:
The symptoms of a brachial cleft abnormality can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
This health problem may be seen at birth. Or it may be noticed when your child is older.
To diagnose the problem, your child’s healthcare provider will ask you questions about your child’s health history and current symptoms. He or she will examine your child, paying close attention to his or her neck. A branchial cleft abnormality may not be noticed unless it becomes infected and is painful.
Diagnostic tests may include:
Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.
A branchial cleft abnormality will not go away without treatment. Treatment may include:
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:
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Appointments: Call UCM Connect at 1-888-824-0200 | <urn:uuid:ff49670c-993f-460b-a653-cd2fbd9c4f17> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://healthlibrary.uchospitals.edu/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/EarNoseThroat/90,P02028 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741087.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20181112193627-20181112215627-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.92917 | 341 | 2.8125 | 3 |
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Secure your wireless network (wifi) in the right way
A wireless network is of course less secure than a wired network. Yet you can elevate the security of your wireless network to a good level.
There are a couple of popular myths about securing a wireless network. At first, I'll disprove (convincingly, I hope) the four most common myths. Then I'll name 12 security measures that are truly effective.
Contents of this page:
- 1. THIS IS DEFINITELY WRONG! THE FOUR MYTHS:
- 2. THIS IS THE WAY TO DO IT! 12 TIPS:
- 3. Want more tips about wireless internet?
THIS IS DEFINITELY WRONG! THE FOUR MYTHS:(loosely based on an article by former ZDnet editor George Ou)
Myth 1: not broadcasting the SSID (hiding the network name)Hiding the SSID is bad, because.... it's dangerous not to broadcast the SSID! This sounds absurd, but I'll try to explain it.
To begin with, it's technically impossible to stop the SSID broadcast entirely. Because there are at least four(!) other ways in which a router still discloses a "hidden" SSID to the world.
Together with many data packages that the router sends, it still sends the SSID. Not encrypted. Easily receivable by everyone who's in the neighbourhood. The SSID is therefore still being broadcast, even when you've "hidden" the SSID in the configuration of the router!
With common network scanners, like Kismet, it takes only several seconds before a hacker picks up a "hidden" SSID.
Hiding the SSID even creates an extra risk(!): when you've disabled broadcasting of the SSID in the network router, the connected computers have to disclose their presence continually. So they spread the SSID everywhere they go. Your laptops will therefore, everywhere you turn them on, start shouting (at short intervals): "hey, is there a network around named XYZ?".
That makes your laptops an easy target. An attacker can set up an access point with the SSID of your network, so that your laptop will connect with it automatically, without asking for permission. The attacker then can monitor all of your network traffic and maybe even access the hard disk of your laptop.
Myth 2: using a MAC address filterA MAC address filter is useless, because an attacker can easily see which MAC addresses gain access to the router. Then he can simply falsify (spoof) his own MAC address in order to get access.
With a MAC address filter you only make things more difficult for yourself. For example when you want to access the internet with another (new?) computer. Or when you've a visitor whom you want to grant the possibility to use his own laptop, to access your internet connection.
Myth 3: disabling DHCPDisabling DHCP is a pure waste of time. It'll stop an attacker for a minute at most.
DHCP automatically distributes IP addresses. Disabling this is useless. An attacker can almost immediately see the IP scheme of the network and grant himself a valid IP address.
Myth 4: using WEP encryptionWEP is a very weak protection, which an attacker can crack within a minute. It's better than no encryption at all, but that's about it...
THIS IS THE WAY TO DO IT! 12 TIPS:For applying the tips below, you need to change certain settings in the configuration of your router. You can access the configuration of your router, by entering a certain "web address" in your web browser. With many routers it's "web page" 192.168.1.1, but this may be different for your router: check the manual of your router.
Tip 1. Modify the settings only when connected with a network cableWhen you change the configuration settings of your router, always do that when connected with a (temporary?) wire (ethernet cable). A wireless connection is too unreliable for this.
In the configuration settings of some routers, you can even restrict access to the configuration of the router, to wired connections. Thereby excluding wireless access to the configuration. Unfortunately, not every router offers this option. But when your router does, apply this restriction.
Tip 2. Update the firmware of the routerCheck on the website of the router manufacturer, whether there's a firmware update available for your router. If so, apply it. Firmware updates solve security issues and fix bugs.
Tip 3. Broadcast the SSID (don't hide it)The SSID (network name) should always be broadcast and therefore not be hidden. No exceptions. Explanation: see Myth 1 at the beginning of this page.
Tip 4. Change the default SSIDChange the default SSID (network name) to one of your own invention, from which it's not possible to deduce the brand and/or type of the router. Note: the name shouldn't contain spaces or special characters! Therefore not: John's network, but JohnsNetwork or Johns-network.
Tip 5. Choose WPA2 or WPAThe signal encryption should at least be WPA Personal. WPA2 Personal is even better, when both your router and your wireless card allow for it. Every reasonably modern router offers the possibility to set the encryption to WPA. Is your router so old that it can't handle WPA? Then definitely buy a new one. As soon as possible.
Tip 6. AES onlyAES is the most modern and secure form of WPA encryption. So set it at "AES only". And therefore not at the older and less secure TKIP. Also not at "TKIP + AES", because in that case the encryption is still backwards compatible with TKIP.
For clarification: "AES only" is best, but TKIP is not bad. WPA with TKIP is still reasonably safe.
Tip 7. Create your own WPA keyCreate your own WPA key and discard the WPA key that the manufacturer of your router may have installed on it. Choose a key with at least 10 signs. Four random words, connected by dashes, make an excellent key. Note: preferably don't use spaces!
Tip 8. Enable the firewall in your routerTurn on the firewall of the router. Most routers offer the possibility in their configuration, to enable a built-in firewall. Use that possibility.
Note the possible effect this may have on certain online games: sometimes you have to open a certain port in the firewall for those.
Tip 9. Change the administrator password of the router configurationChange the administrator password of the configuration screen of the router. Normally, when you want to access the router configuration, you have to type an administrator password in order to gain access to the configuration (usually "admin" or something like that). Change this in a password of your own making. Don't use spaces!
Tip 10. Disable Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) in your routerMost modern routers have the feature Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS). This feature is usually enabled by default. It's intended to make it easier for people with little knowledge of wireless security, to connect devices wirelessly without having to type long passphrases.
However, as could of course be expected from a feature like this (sigh...), WPS poses a massive security risk. With a simple brute-force attack, a remote attacker can recover the WPS PIN code in less than an hour, thus exposing the WPA/WPA2 pre-shared key of the wireless network.
The only solution is: disable WPS in your router straightaway. Some routers don't have the option to disable WPS; in that case, buy a new router that does. Buy it today.
Has WPS been enabled on your router? Then change the WPA/WPA2 key right after disabling WPS. Your network may have been hacked already...
Tip 11. Disable Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) in your routerUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a risky feature that exposes your router to attacks. It's therefore best to disable UPnP in the router.
Tip 12. Be careful with the use of unprotected networks of othersBe extra careful with the use of unprotected or shared networks of others (hotels, campings, airports). Everyone within reach of the unprotected wireless access point, is able to 1. monitor all of your wireless traffic and 2. attack your laptop directly.
The solution to both problems is, to assume that there already is an attacker that has complete access to your network traffic, and network access to your laptop. Send only encrypted information: always use https for viewing web pages (whenever possible). Keep your Linux updated. Enable the firewall (in the terminal: sudo ufw enable) and check SSL certificates of websites.
Want more tips about wireless internet?Do you want more tips and tweaks about wireless internet? You might find these useful:
a. Amplify the wireless signal of your router
b. Apply a second router in your home
c. Reduce electromagnetic radiation of computing devices
d. Install Tomato on your router
e. Put DD-WRT on your router
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I. What Is Culture?
a. Basic Assumptions, Values And Norms Drive Practices And Behaviors
b. Culture Operates At Various Levels - The Visible Artifacts To The Deeply Rooted And Unconscious
c. The Role of the Leader in Transmitting Culture
II. Why Assess Culture?
a. Closing The Gap Between The Real And Ideal Culture
b. Value and Goal Alignment across Subcultures, Divisions and Geographic Regions
c. Individual-Organization Fit
d. Organizational Change
III. What is Corporate Culture?
IV. AMERICAN CULTURE
V. Corporate Culture and Local Culture
VI. American Business Executives Abroad
VII. Key Points for Foreigners to Keep in Mind
a. When Working with American Business
b. When Working with Individual Americans
VIII. Public Relations, Corporate Image, and Advertising
IX. Characteristics of Successful American Business Executives
Culture is a technical term used by anthropologists to refer to a system for creating, sending, storing, and processing information developed by human beings, which differentiates them from other life forms. The terms mores, tradition, custom, and habit are subsumed under the cultural umbrella. Sometimes culture is used in reference to the fine arts. While art and literature do indeed form an important part of a culture, in this book the term is used in its wider context.
Your organization's culture is not (he espoused list of values developed at an offsite by the executive team and framed on the wall in your lobby. These are ideals. What you strive to be as an organization and what values you hope to endorse, may be different from the values, beliefs, and norms expressed in your actual practices and behavior. Don't fool yourself. It is critical that you find out who you really are as well as striving for who you want to be. Awakening the emperor to the fact that he/she has no clothes is often a risky and delicate first step in closing the gap between the real and the ideal. Cultural assessment can provide measurable data about the real organizational values and norms that can be used to get management's attention. It can dispel some of management's illusions about what really matters in the organization and will tell them how far off the mark things really are. Management may find that it is not practicing what it preaches. However, telling the CEO the truth about the organization he/she has built, can often be dangerous to your career progress. Delivering such a message takes skill as a coach and a willingness to take risks and confront conflict.
The culture of an organization operates at both a conscious and unconscious level. Often the people who see your culture more clearly are those from the outside—the new hires, the consultants or vendors. When coaching or I advising senior management, remember that culture comprises the deeply rooted but often unconscious beliefs. values and norms shared by the members of the organization. Those not living inside the culture can often see it more objectively. Better to ask a New Yorker to tell you what Californians are like than ask a Californian.
Culture drives the organization and its actions. It is somewhat like "The operating system" of the organization. It guides how employees think, act and feel. It is dynamic and fluid, and it is never static. A culture may be effective at one time, under a given set of circumstances and effective at another time. There is no generically good culture. There are however, generic patterns of health and pathology.
Culture can be viewed at several levels. Some aspects of culture arc visible and tangible and others are intangible und unconscious. Basic assumptions that guide the organization are deeply rooted and often taken for granted Avoidance of conflict is a value that is an excellent example of an unconscious norm that may have a major influence on the organization but is frequently unconscious. For an insider, this is difficult or impossible to sec. particularly if the individual has "grown up" in the organizational culture. Recently hired employees, the external consultant and the executive coach is frequently in the best position to identify these unconscious assumptions or values. Espoused or secondary values are at a more conscious level; these are me values that people in the organization discuss, promote and try to live by. All employees of Hewlett Packard, for example, are required to become familiar with the values embodied in the "HP Way. " Some of the most visible expressions of the culture arc called artifacts. These include the architecture and decor, the clothing people wear. the organizational processes and structures, and the rituals, symbols and celebrations Other concrete manifestation of culture are found in commonly used language and jargon, logos, brochures, company slogans, as well as status symbols such as cars, window offices, titles, and of course value statements and priorities. An outsider can often spot these artifacts easily upon entering an organization. For insiders, however, these artifacts have often become part of the background.
One of the critical factors in understanding a corporate culture is the degree to which it is leader-centric. Ask yourself, how central is our leader to the style of this organization? If you are the leader yourself, the culture of your company is likely to reflect your personality, including your neurosis. So if the CEO avoids conflict and tends to sweep it under the carpet, don't be surprised if you see avoidance of conflict played out in the organization. The behavior that is modeled by the leader and the management team profoundly shapes the culture and practices of the organization. What management emphasizes, rewards and punishes can tell you what is really important. The behavior of members of the senior team, their reactions in a crises and what they talk routinely talk about, all sets the tone of the culture. If the culture is already firmly established when the CEO assumed leadership and he/she simply inherited a strong set of traditions, then he/she may play the role of the guardian of the old culture. On the other hand, CEOs such as Lou Gerstner at IBM, or Lee Iococca at Chrysler were brought in to be a change agent charged with dramatically transforming the organizational culture.
Why would a company be interested in assessing its culture? If the organization wants to maximize its ability to attain its strategic objectives, it must understand if the prevailing culture supports and drives the actions necessary to achieve its strategic goals. Cultural assessment can enable a company to analyze the gap between the current and desired culture. Developing a picture of the ideal and then taking a realistic look at the gaps is vital information that can be used to design interventions to close the gaps and bring specific elements of culture into line. If your competitive environment is changing fast, your organizational culture may also need to change. However, you may only need to change some of its practices and secondary values while keeping a few precious and non-negotiable core values intact. Often an objective assessment tool can be zero in on a limited number of elements of culture that need to change, rather than embarking on the futile attempt to change the entire culture.
In many companies there is a strong dominant culture that is pervasive throughout the organization and across business units or even regions. This kind of organization is said to possess a high level of cultural integration. However, often the culture in large organizations is not singular or uniform. Organizations can vary widely in terms of the degree of cultural integration and the strength of the subcultures that coexist. Subcultures may share certain characteristics, norms, values and beliefs or be totally different. These subcultures can function cooperatively or be in conflict with each other. In general, subcultures can differ by function, (engineering vs. marketing), by their place in the hierarchy, (management vs. administrators, assistants) by division, by site, or by geographic region and country.
It may be both undesirable and unrealistic to try to homogenize the organization across all of its parts. Still, a thoughtful assessment of the culture can facilitate the alignment of values and strategic goals across subcultures and geographic areas. It is very important for global companies to tolerate and support a certain amount of cultural differentiation. Yet there may be a core of values, a subset of four or five deeply held principles that management thinks should cut across subcultures, divisions, and international settings.
Corporations that are growing fast must hire a large number of new employees. It is critical that these new hires are a good fit with the current culture. If an individual is out of synch with the culture, the organization's cultural antibodies will often attack. However, there must also be a good fit with the culture that you are trying to create. It is now possible to make hiring decisions based on quantitative assessment of the compatibility between the candidate's personality, values and behaviors and both the current and desired culture.
Today the pace of change is so rapid, particularly in the high tech industries. Only organizations that can adapt to j this fast changing environment can survive. However, as Built to Last, by Jim Collins and Jerry Porris has demonstrated, enduring great companies are usually built on both a solid foundation of timeless core values, but also on the adaptability of their behavioral practices, secondary values, structures and other cultural artifacts. The secret to a company that will last is its ability to manage both continuity and change. Such companies are capable of responding with nimbleness to the environmental drivers that necessitate change in strategy and practices. These drivers include: rapid technological change, changes in industries and markets, deregulation, aggressive competition, the global economy, increased organizational complexity, new business models Getting a profile of the current culture can enable organizations to thoughtfully bring the elements of the culture into alignment and move forward towards an ideal.
Organizations develop cultures whether they try to or not. If your intention is to appraise individual-organization fit, align culture with its strategic goals, understand subcultures, assess mergers and acquisitions partners, or to make organizational changes in practices or values, understanding your culture in an objective manner can give you a business advantage and spare you enormous time and money. Not understanding your culture in today's business world can be fatal. Sometimes the emperor or empress needs to be told that his/her baby is ugly. Having objective measurement tools such as Hagberg Consulting Group's "Cultural Assessment Tool" can provide a consultant or coach with valuable objective measurement of existing culture. Executives are frequently analytical and quantitative in their orientation. Having data and an assessment tool to deliver a painful message may be the key to getting management to pay attention and face the reality of what kind of culture really exists. It is also useful in preventing the demise of me messenger.
As your text points out, every company (or institution, organization, etc.) has a culture of its own, and employees are usually smart to try to fit in with that culture. The culture of a company deals with its atmosphere and social preferences and includes aspects such as how employees dress, whether they are free to talk among themselves about non-business topics, whether breaks arc limited and strictly timed, whether entry-level employees are free to visit upper-echelon offices, whether superiors are addressed by first name or by Mr. /Ms. whatever, and a host of other considerations. Now no one is going to give you a list of the cultural aspects of the company you work for; those aspects are often intangible and difficult to define. But as an employee, you'll pick them up over time. There are a number of factors that tend to influence corporate culture, and your book does a good Job of explaining them. However, remember that your text is talking about tendencies; don't make assumptions about the culture of any particular company until you've been with it long enough to leam it firsthand A company's history will influence its culture, particularly in terms of how stable the culture is. If you are hired by a company (hat has been around for 100 years and done things pretty much the same way for the whole lime, you probably aren't going to be able to change the culture much. If. on the other hand, me company is relatively new. the culture might not be firmly established, and you may have some influence on it. The type of business has more to do with culture than the company's history. Let me give you an example by comparing the cultures of two long-standing U. S. companies. When I was heavily involved in corporate life in the late '80s, ЮМ was considered me bastion of conservative business. Now, I've never been in an IBM office, and what 1 heard might be an exaggeration. But the scuttlebutt was that you could wear any color suit as long as it was dark blue or dark gray. I read that the employee restrooms and lounges were painted orange because studies have indicated that that is the least restful color, and die company wanted to discourage employees from spending time in the Johns. Men were more or less expected to wear wing-tips, and women were expected to wear 1/2-inch heels in dark colors and neutral-colored hose.
Now, just as IBM is the father of all business machine companies. Disney is the father of animation in the U. S. I have been inside the Disney corporate offices. The employees wear shorts and tennis shoes. They wander between each other's offices at will. Some play music in their offices. Some sit at their desks, and others lounge on sofas. The difference? IBM is a conservative company that produces a product used largely by business professionals Ii wants to exude professionalism and confidence. Disney produces films; it wants to encourage its employees to be creative in any way it can. It hires artists and writers.
Another thing I wanted to mention is that the corporate culture may vary from department to department. When I first started in advertising as a writer/editor, I was in the creative division of the company. Now, we didn't wear shorts or jeans, but the women did wear slacks and sweaters, and none of the guys wore jackets or tics. The people in the front offices wore suits, though.
The idea is that you need to find out what the culture of your peers is and adapt to it. Generally speaking, when you first join a company and don't know what is expected, you should keep in mind that it is better to err on the side of conservatism and formality than on the side of informality.
The U. S. is not a melting pot: ethnic groups persist. Nonetheless, Americans feel a bond to other Americans that transcends differences in ethnic origins.
—Jackson Toby, "America Works Despite All the Odds" —Wall Street Journal
Like people all over the world, Americans take their culture for granted. Indeed, it's only in juxtaposition with other cultures that Americans begin to understand the influence of their own culture on their behavior. Only when we can see that there is more than one approach to life and many different ways of behaving can we begin to experience the strong, pervasive influence of our own culture.
It is more difficult to describe American culture than German or French culture because the United States is not just another country; it spans a continent, and has a population of over 250, 000, 000 people whose ancestors came from virtually every country in the world. American culture is a rich mix of Anglo-Saxon, French, German, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, Latin American, Native American, African, Polish, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, and Arab influences, Just to name a few. In its early days the country was strongly influenced by the British and other people from northern Europe; its laws are based on British common law and American English has absorbed many northern European words. While the U. S. is a nation of immigrants and there are ^any people in American business who are not of northern European heritage, for the purposes of our discussion of American culture, it is the American-European culture we refer to and not the many other cultures represented in the American population. This dominant or mainstream business culture is the norm to which people with other cultural backgrounds are expected to conform, particularly in large corporations.
Despite its ethnic diversity, the U. S. has managed to absorb bits and pieces of many cultures and weave them into a unique culture that is strikingly consistent and distinct. You can pick out Americans any place in the world, often very quickly, because of their behavior. Among their most observable traits are openness, friendliness, informality, optimism, creativity, loudness, and vitality.
In common with others, Americans tend to be ethnocentric, in part because of the great size and economic power of the United States. Unlike the Germans and the French, Americans do not have close foreign neighbors with whom they interact constantly. The country shares borders with Canada and Mexico, but relatively few Americans have dealings with or know much about either country.
While the United States has absorbed millions of people from countries around the globe, the core culture of the United States has its roots in northern European or Anglo-Saxon culture. As a result, it is a predominantly monochrome, low-context culture. To succeed in the American economic system, people must adapt to schedules and the other conventions of doing business in a monochrome, low-context environment. It also means their approach to life is compartmentalized and they need detailed background information because they do not have well developed information networks.
Businesses which have strong corporate cultures have certain advantages over those that don't. A strong corporate culture provides shared ideals and a common way of communicating. It also performs several other important functions:
1. Increasing context (i. e., providing necessary background data)
2. Decreasing compartmentalization
3. Increasing information flow
4. Facilitating organizational unification and coordination
5. Increasing survival capabilities
In good times a strong corporate culture is not a prerequisite to survival. In bad times it is vital. Companies that do not have a strong corporate culture and a strong corporate image will tend to fragment under the stress of the struggle to survive when times become difficult. Strong corporate cultures are cohesive; they bind their employees together. They encourage cooperation and enable companies to respond quickly and effectively to changing conditions.
But a strong corporate culture at home does not necessarily guarantee an effective corporate presence abroad. Overseas, it is necessary first to create an environment in which the indigenous employees can flourish. Management must adapt the company's corporate culture to the local culture. This adaptation requires great patience in the home office and depends in large part on the selection of the foreign manager, who must understand the requirements of the home office and also have the skills to interact effectively with the local people. Interfacing between the home office and the local affiliate is the greatest challenge to any overseas population. In time local employees should be encouraged to adapt the corporate culture and corporate image to ensure maximum impact on both local people and local markets.
Corporate cultures are apparently more exportable than national cultures and are certainly more understandable to Americans, who are used to the idea that working for a company means doing things the company way.
When Americans work overseas, they tend to isolate themselves in "golden ghettos" and interact with each other rather than with the people of the host country. We have observed this phenomenon for over thirty years; only in the last decade have we noted a heartening change. Today many Americans, the younger executives in particular, really do try to live in the country of assignment, making friends and learning the language. Somehave had prior experience living abroad with their parents or in the Peace Corps. This change in attitude and behavior has made an enormous difference in their ability to adapt and learn the foreign culture.
American business is often criticized for its lack of concern for the families of its overseas employees. Many executives are assigned overseas for short periods, usually two years, which is simply not enough time to learn the language and integrate into the society- Additionally, since they expect to be leaving m two years, they may feel the effort of learning the language would be wasted, another example of how the American short-term time orientation adversely affects business performance.
Spouses of American executives overseas bear the brunt of adjusting to the local culture since they must cope with housing, schools, shopping, repairs, health care, and social life- They need not only language training but orientation to the culture as well. Quite often American-espouses are unable to obtain work permits. With their husbands or wives working long hours or traveling extensively and the children at school, the spouses are left alone with no means of communication—with predictable results. The rate of marital difficulties, divorce, and alcoholism among American families abroad is high and reflects a lack of understanding and intelligent planning by American business. Recently, however, some American business firms have become slightly more realistic and are now willing to make longer assignments overseas, permitting employee and spouse to become fluent in both language and culture.
American overseas business personnel today are much better educated and informed than their predecessors of thirty years ago and more competent and adaptable. For many years American business was not cognizant of the crucial importance of proper selection and training of overseas personnel. As a result they lost millions of dollars. In the past there was an unfortunate tendency to transfer problem employees abroad, and even today there are many Americans working overseas who should never have left the United States. You can usually spot them in restaurants and bars of clubs or international hotels, loudly voicing their frustrations with locals, arrogant and impatient. Despite these unfortunate errors in selection, there has been a noticeable improvement in the quality of American business representation overseas. An executive who has been successful in the U. S. often has difficulty when transferred abroad because of her or his expectations of continued success. When those expectations are not met (because the techniques that were successful in the U. S. do not always work in foreign cultures), the result can be a devastating sense of failure. The ability to cope with failure is therefore a prime qualification for cross-cultural effectiveness, but is unfortunately not a quality highly prized in American business.
It is our strong recommendation that only the best and most adaptable people be sent overseas and that their training in both language and cross-cultural effectiveness be extensive. A recent study for the Southern Governors' Association concluded, "We have yet to learn a critical lesson: the language of trade is the language of the customer. " We would add that the language of the customer includes not only the spoken language but also the language of behavior, that is, the culture.
Once the company has invested the time and money in training, it should leave the employees in the country long enough to reap the benefits (a minimum of five years). Several executives agreed with the highly experienced general manager of a German subsidiary, who said, "American companies make a big mistake by rotating their managers too often. "
Companies should also develop long-term plans for utilizing the expertise of overseas employees once they return to headquarters. All too often their knowledge and experience is ignored and lost. Even worse, their overseas experience may be a handicap to career advancement in the United States since they may be perceived as having been out of the mainstream.
In our interviews overseas, almost all the directors of American compan ies overseas ranked the home office as their number one problem. Americans have a world-wide reputation for oversupervising their foreign operations. One top manager (a Swiss) with many years of experience working for American companies abroad had this to say: "American companies tend to keep you on a short leash. There are constant demands for reports and financial data. At headquarters you are smothered with staff who 'know better' about everything. Overseas you are alone but you are closely watched; whenever there's a blip, you hear from headquarters and they hover and hover. "
It is difficult for headquarters to understand what is happening i in a foreign operation. The people who are most likely to know f are those on the spot who are cognizant of the cultural differences involved. Thus, the best policy for the executives at the home office is to assign good people to foreign posts and then, listen to what they say.
There are several characteristics that flow from the massive size of the United States as well as from the great variety of cultural antecedents that distinguish American culture from all others.
In spite of the numerous and visible inequities in the American system, there is still no society in the world that provides both the freedom and the opportunity to become a success for anyone who has brains or talent and is willing to apply her- or himself. America is still the land of opportunity.
Because of the way in which American business and marketing systems are organized, and possibly because of reinforcement from the extensive and ubiquitous television commercial, the tempo of American business interactions is unusually fast. Everything is faster and bigger in the United States. Keep this in mind: Americans tend to "tailgate" other people.
In the U. S., there is no defined class system. People are constantly moving up and down in the social system because of variations in their financial and educational status. Americans are very status-conscious and place great emphasis on status symbols such as money, celebrity, power, image, possessions, and institutional affiliations.
In over a quarter of a century of working with, talking to, interviewing, and being friends with people from other parts of the world, there is one point that is made consistently: American friendship patterns are of the temporary sort and often do not go very deep. The reasons behind this are many and varied and relate to the unusual mobility of most Americans, especially those in business.
As a consequence of their extreme individualism, American loyalties are for the most part linked to careers and no/ to the organization. Loyalty to organizations is discouraged by the narrow, bottom-line, cost-cutting philosophy of many American business firms.
1. Remember that American business works in a short time frame. Its executives and managers want immediate results and are not as interested in building long-term relationships as Europeans are.
2. In general, when you employ Americans, check their education and previous employment references carefully. Do not assume everyone is honest. In our research, we heard many complaints about falsified records.
3. Be very careful in choosing an American manager. Spend the necessary time and money to investigate the backgrounds of those you consider good candidates. Encourage the person you select to make friends and build networks at your home office.
4. Americans arrive at meetings with an agenda they wish to follow. If you want something discussed, be sure it is placed on the agenda ahead of time. Bring a short written statement to circulate.
5. Be prepared for the problems of compartmentalization in American business. Do not assume information will be shared.
1. Because the United States is a mix of many ethnic groups, you must determine whether the person you are dealing with is monochrome or polychrome so that you can then adjust your strategy accordingly. Most Americans are monochrome: they do one thing at a time, they don't like interruptions/ and they have a strong need to finish whatever they are working on. They also compartmentalize information and do not share it freely. Even members of minority ethnic groups tend to adopt the monochronic behaviors of the majority culture in their business dealings.
2. Americans are individually oriented and concerned with their own careers. Their loyalty is first to themselves and then to their employer or organization.
3. Americans want to be liked and accepted. They prefer people who don't make waves and are good team players.
4. Equality and egalitarianism are important to Americans. They resent people who pull rank or seem to consider themselves superior,
5. Most Americans are open, friendly, casual, and informal in their manners. They do not mean to insult you if they call you by your first name.
6. Americans like to come right to the point. They are uncomfortable with indirection and subtlety.
7. Learn all about the Americans you work with: their background, education, and hobbies.
8. Keep in mind that appearances are important to Americans.
9. Be open to diversity.
10. When dealing with American employees, give specific (preferably written) instructions, avoid vagueness and indirection, be lavish with praise and recognition, and do not discriminate against or disparage anyone, especially women and minorities. If you need to correct an American employee, first seek guidance from your American staff. To be effective, correction of a subordinate must be based on knowledge of that person.
In the United States there is a difference between a person's facade and her or his image- Facade is what people present as their public exterior; it's composed of their personality and their Personification of cultural values. Image is artificial and imposed and is, in business, the product of public relations and advertising. The image can be a product image, a corporate image, or the image of the company's top official. Many American companies are closely identified in the public mind with the person who runs the company, such as Lee lacocca with Chrysler and Mary Kay Ash with Mary Kay Cosmetics. The product, the corporation, and the CEO should all project a consistent image, and this is the job of the company's advertising agency.
Americans are very image-conscious. They think in terms of how their actions wil! affect their own personal image, the image of their product, or the image of their company. When Americans have to make a decision, they consider how the decision will make them or their company look. The American preoccupation with image leads some foreigners to decry the shallowness of Americans.
Corporate reputation can be the determining factor in public acceptance of a product if the product is similar in quality and price to a competitor's. Dependability, performance, quality, and price are all part of a company's image. Sales in a competitive market are directly affected by how well a company communicates its image of dependability and high quality to the public at large.
The American communication style is like a newspaper headline: short and to the point. Americans prefer digests to long articles and detailed reports. They often announce at the beginning of oral presentations what they are going to talk about and when the discourse will end. Short, punchy presentations with humor are preferred (except, perhaps, for technical, scientific, or academic papers). In the U. S., starting a speech with a joke is common, but it would be a major mistake in West Germany. Conversely, beginning a speech with a presentation of the historical background of an issue—which is done frequently by German speakers—would bore an American audience to tears-Because many Americans have a narrow professional focus, they are not interested in general or background information, but just in what they need to know right then. Germans want lots of background information, historical context, and examples. The French, of course, prefer elegant, elaborate presentations that display wit and savoir-faire.
As we discussed in parts 2 and 3, the function of German advertising is to transmit information white French advertising works to release a positive emotional response. The function of American advertising is to hype the product.
As we have noted Americans often exaggerate in both their written and their oral communication. This is particularly true in advertising, which is based on hyperbole, or "hype. " Although ads in the United States may contain information, it is seldom detailed and is usually a bolster for the claims of product superiority. Exaggerated claims that a product is the best, newest, most fashionable, or finest are effective in the U. S. but would be both offensive and illegal in West Germany and would win no awards in France.
Most of the money spent on advertising in the United States goes to print ads. Local advertisers all over the country spend millions for newspaper ads in their own areas, from very small ones in weekly hometown newspapers to full-page ads in the New York Times. Because of the complexity of the American market, a lot of money is spentannually to analyze and conduct market surveys so that advertisers can target their ads for a specific group. In the U. S. the CEO often takes a personal interest in a company's image and advertising; American ad agencies are thus accustomed to working with the CEO and do not feel secure unless the CEO is involved. This is not true in Europe, where the advertising department of a company is usually the only group handling advertisements.
Americans like idealized images. The women in them are usually young, healthy, and beautiful, and the men are young, strong, and handsome. Children are clean and smiling. Even ads directed toward older population groups show young-looking though gray-haired people.
U. S. markets are segmented not only by age, gender, and Ticome but also by region and ethnicity. There are fast-growing ethnic groups who will exert a tremendous economic influence in the future, such as the American Hispanic population (there are now over 250, 000 Spanish-owned businesses).
The importance of getting to know local and regional customs and buying habits in the United Slates was emphasized to us by a European advertising executive: "Marketing, selling, distributing, and advertising have to be in the hands of local people. You can't just come in and say, 'Do it my way. '" Another advertising executive addressed the same point: "You must be very French in France, very German in Germany, and very American in America. "
The kinds of people who succeed in business in the United States are goal-oriented, concerned with individual achievement, and interested in the development of their own careers. They also tend to be pragmatic, assertive, and relatively egalitarian; at the same time they need constant feedback, evaluations, praise, and rewards—something they would not get in German or French business. Unlike business in France or West Germany, there are powerful American executives who are very young; Europeans favor older, more seasoned top executives. Women are found at top levels in some American businesses but are rare in Western Europe.
Decision making in American business is usually "top-down"— which means American executives often make decisions without consulting subordinates. The result is that decisions a re often made without crucial input from various levels within the organization. In a compartmentalized business organization it is very difficult to get vital information to the decision makers. This is certainly true in Germany and to a lesser degree in the U. S.
Many American businesspeople are driven to compete for promotion and will sometimes sacrifice social and family life to work, a situation rare in West Germany and France, where weekends and holidays are sacred and work is not always the dominant force in one's daily life. | <urn:uuid:e796d170-2630-402f-810b-ac316b19b071> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://topref.ru/referat/49058.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00471-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964048 | 7,109 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Many people suffer from irritable bowel syndrome and these cases are increasing rapidly with every passing day. Here are some common symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, urgency with defecation, and an incomplete sensation of defecation. There are many causes of irritable bowel syndrome, but this is also said that irritable bowel syndrome and parasites are interrelated with each other.
It’s worth nothing that IBS on its own will not cause intestinal complication and Children with IBS continue to grow normally and never show any single sign of retarded growth.
However, though there is not any single physical symptom of IBS, but there are social and psychological issues that often accompany the condition. Research shows that almost 60 % people, who have IBS also, have a psychological disorder, such as anxiety and depression, etc.
In medical studies, it is an indication that the parasite lives in a human body might be the result of IBS. The Parasites can be seen in the liver, intestines, brain, circulatory system, skin and other organs of the body. Symptoms like diarrhea, malaise, asthma, chronic fatigue, syndrome, bloating, bloating, skin problems, itching, flatulence, rashes, anorexia, and other rare diseases may also the result of parasitic organisms.
Growth of parasites in the human body may occur due to a number of reasons. Vitamin and mineral deficiency in a diet may also lead to a parasitic infection. High intakes of food that are rich in carbohydrate and alkaline also become one the reason of parasitic infection. A person eating high amounts of sugar in diet may also provide a suitable environment for parasites to grow.
Irritable bowel syndrome is related to the working of the large intestines. In the digestion process, partially digested food from the small intestines enters into the large intestines. The large intestines absorb nutrients and water from the food and the remaining content slowly moves towards the rectum and, finally excreted out of the body in the form of stools.
For the excretion of the stools, the muscles of the large intestines and other parts of the body work together. Whenever there is some interruption in the process, the undigested food inside the large intestines is not able to move normally, thus resulting in constipation or diarrhea.
Emotional conflicts, stress, and parasites are the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome. Diagnosing the irritable syndrome in a person demands to go towards the proper physical examination and laboratory tests. So after diagnosing IBS, time comes to go towards the proper treatment.
How you may get rid of IBS and these other harmful parasites? It is very easy to do so. Here I am introducing you with an amazing device Parasite Zapper by ParaZapper™. This is a technically advanced device which used mild electrical pulses to kill all kinds of parasites and other microbes from the water based environment in just few minutes. While ParaZapper™ is not sold for this purpose, there have been many satisfied users.
ParaZapper is a trademark of
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All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit http://paradevices.com
ParaZapper™ products are available for research at http://huldaclarkparazapper.com | <urn:uuid:d8494b5c-3c19-4855-90b0-d513d5d04216> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://healthissuesssss.blogspot.com/2014/03/connection-of-irritable-bowel-syndrome.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806620.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122175744-20171122195744-00055.warc.gz | en | 0.932805 | 713 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The beginning of the school year, coupled with recent evidence that creationists still exist, leads me to repeat parts of a column from the last century. My point in doing so is to emphasize that no one in the 21st century should hesitate to educate people about the concept of evolution.
more Gibbons columns
The world is round not flat; it revolves around the sun and not vice versa. Those are scientific facts. So is evolution. Understanding the principles of evolution is critical to understanding a variety of environmental and medical phenomena.
Like many other scientific concepts throughout history, evolution has been challenged as heretical. Acceptance of evolution as a biological fact took awhile: Charles Darwin published his book "On the Origin of Species" a century and a half ago. But progress has been made. The book has a five-star rating on amazon.com.
Evolution is as real as gravity. If you want overwhelming evidence supporting evolutionary change in organisms, consider bacteria, which reside inside each of us. Bacteria have discernably evolved in the last half-century. Remember penicillin, the wonder drug that extended millions of lives during and after World War II? Penicillin was medicine's weapon of mass destruction, stopping the pneumonia-causing streptococcus and other nasty bacteria dead in their tracks.
But guess what? When penicillin began to wipe out the bacteria we used to call ''germs,'' the bacteria resorted to their secret weapon, one so secret it took years before we were aware of it. The bacterial arsenal -- chromosomes and genes -- was not the surprise. Scientists knew about that. What medical science did not know was how the arsenal was being deployed. That is, one in a billion or more bacteria had a gene (or acquired one through a process too complex to discuss here) that resulted in its being immune to penicillin.
Enter natural selection and evolution. A bacterium in someone's infected body part survived a penicillin dose. A single bacterium does not cause a problem, unless it reproduces. A surviving bacterium eventually becomes two, which become four, and so forth and so on. Of course it may take a few years for the bacteria to reach levels that could get a person's attention by causing an illness. In fact, before the medical profession was even aware of a change, the bacteria moved on to someone else's body or wherever bacteria spend their time. The first report that a strain of pneumonia-causing bacteria was resistant to penicillin appeared in 1967.
Meanwhile, bacteria were surviving penicillin all over the world. But all seemed quiet on both the Western and Eastern fronts because the bacteria had not risen to their full power. Now they have, and the effectiveness of penicillin has diminished. The important point is the process that occurred to create these strains of penicillin-resistant bacteria -- evolution. The bacteria evolved. They changed. The streptococcus bacteria are not the same anymore genetically. They have been created anew, through the process of evolution.
Most educated people understand that the genetic makeup of every species on earth constantly changes as individuals die and others are born, and most of them understand that this is evolution. The controversy between some religious beliefs and the process of evolution revolves around what we humans were thousands or millions of years ago. The interpretation of evolution in the context of human origins is the central problem creationists have with the concept.
Whether we have changed genetically over the last few centuries in any perceptible and significant way I cannot say, but what our ancestors were doing and looked like in the misty past is intriguing to think about. How can anyone not think it is intriguing?
Published in the Athens Banner-Herald on Thursday, September 26, 2002.
Athens, GA • Athens Banner-Herald ©2014. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:a1d0abc1-38ad-4bfe-99c2-8eed6ac088db> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://onlineathens.com/stories/092602/tec_20020926030.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400372202.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123252-00146-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96796 | 783 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Technical Rescue Training is for all crew members who could be required to carry out technical rescues in the following are:
- Trench rescue
- Confined space
- High angle rope rescue
- Fast water rescue
Technical Rescue Training
- Recognise and control the risks and hazards associated with any trench related rescue incidents.
- Describe the various types of soil and distribution forces within a trench.
- Demonstrate a safe approach to incidents and scene management.
- Describe the various causes and types of trench collapse.
- Identify and select suitable equipment for the purpose of trench rescue.
- Demonstrate safe work systems using protective systems in both straight and intersecting live trenches.
- Perform rescues from straight and intersecting trenches.
- Effectively manage confined space incidents and conform to legal requirements.
- Identify and categorise confined space incidents.
- List environments which are categorised as confined space incidents.
- Identify gases using the Zellweger air monitoring equipment.
- Describe ventilation principles.
- Select the correct PPE and required equipment.
- List the effects of heat and humidity on human performance.
- Operate USAR ventilation apparatus.
- Operate USAR Conspace communications apparatus.
- Operate USAR entry control board.
- Operate the SavOx TR re-breather equipment.
- Operate the Microvent resuscitator.
- Operate USAR line access on safe working at height.
- equipment in confined space operations.
High Angle Rope Rescue:
- Develop skills in the care, maintenance and use of the rescue equipment.
- Develop a knowledge of anchor selection and rigging.
- Understand rescuer safety.
- Gain effective two rope rescue system rigging skills.
- Understand how to effectively package casualties.
- Rappel techniques.
- Understand the one rescuer technique (pick-off).
- Gain casualty lowering skills.
- Conduct casualty raises using mechanical advantage.
- Use stokes-type baskets for structural rescues.
- Be able to problem solve rope rescues.
- Understand the rescue team structure.
Fast Water Rescue:
- Gain an understanding of hydrology.
- Introduction to the technical rescue equipment.
- Hazard identification and risk assessment.
- Introduction to the relevant rope systems.
- Gain skills and knowledge surrounding swimming in moving water.
- Consideration of medical issues and implications.
- Basic boat handling skills.
- Skills in scene management.
- Contact and in-water rescue skills.
- Basic incident command skills.
- Gain skills surrounding water crossing techniques.
- Understand search operations.
- Flat water boat handling skills. | <urn:uuid:dcfbf5e6-14f3-41d0-815d-4098a74b0593> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://premierfst.com/kuwait/aviation-fire-training-all-training-is-accredited-by-nfpa-joiff-icao/technical-rescue-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039746926.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20181121011923-20181121033818-00060.warc.gz | en | 0.763149 | 560 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Daniyal Khan does not think of himself as a scientist. The junior at Berlin High School in Connecticut is more interested in shooting and editing videos, and he knew that a hydrogen explosion would be a crowd-pleaser.
“I want a big ending,” said Khan. “I want to go out with a bang.”
His five-minute video explaining the properties and applications of hydrogen won him a top prize in the Chemical Heritage Foundation’s “It’s Elemental” video contest, and his school $5,000.
To celebrate 2011 as the “International Year of Chemistry,” the CHF in Philadelphia and Dow Chemical asked high schools students around the country to make videos about their favorite element from the Periodic Table.
Khan learned there’s more to good science than just research.
“You got to be able to present it in a way that every person will find it interesting, and entertaining,” said Khan, 16.
Seven hundred videos were submitted, representing nearly all elements on the Periodic Table. It benefitted the panel of judges as much as it did the students.
“You hear so much press about how students aren’t interest in chemistry, and there was clear enthusiasm–and depth of understanding,” said Katie Hunt, a contest judge and scientist at Dow Chemical. “It made us take a look and say: we really need to engage with these kids, because they know so much.”
The judges wanted to see an understanding of the element’s properties, their historical context, and their applications. The videos (all on display at www.chemheritage.org) range from painfully amateurish to future Ken Burns.
Joy Becker and her partners at Southwest High School in Lincoln, Nebraska utilized the famous Burnsian pan in their award-winning video for gadolinian, an obscure element on the bottom of the Table.
Gadolinium was not their first choice; they would have preferred fluorine because it would have enabled them to experiment cheaply with toothpaste instead of industrial-grade gadolinium, which goes for about $500 a kilogram.
They got stuck with gadolinium because they were late registering and it was one of the only elements still available for the contest. But they learned a lot from number 64.
“If you raise it above a certain temperature it will lose its magnetism. And if you put it in a magnetic field, the temperature will increase,” said Becker, 17. “Those are relationships between temperature and magnetism that I had no idea existed in any element, let alone gadolinium.”
The Chemical Heritage Foundation’s exhibition hall on Chestnut Street is currently displaying artistic interpretations of the elements–called “The Period Table Printmaking Project.”–which takes more poetic liberties than the student’s videos. They can be seen at www.azuregrackle.com. | <urn:uuid:7aaeede5-00db-481f-9043-5c0acbafa6e1> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://whyy.org/articles/08pcchem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583657907.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20190116215800-20190117001800-00429.warc.gz | en | 0.957585 | 620 | 3.046875 | 3 |
At ASI Beltone, helping you regain your quality of life by hearing better is our number one goal. Hearing loss can come on gradually with age or be caused by repeated exposure to loud noises. However it happens, the effects can have a great impact on your life. If you are suffering from hearing loss, you are not alone. ASI Beltone is here to help by offering customized hearing solutions.
What is Hearing Loss?
Hearing loss is often described as not being able to hear as well as someone with “normal” hearing, with normal meaning thresholds of 20dB or better in both ears. It happens when sound enters the ear normally, but because of damage or an obstruction to the ear, the sound isn’t able to be processed in a way the brain can understand.
Warning Signs of Hearing Loss
Being assessed by a hearing specialist is the only way to determine for certain if you have hearing loss. To help you get started, ASI Beltone offers a free hearing test. You may be experiencing hearing loss if you have symptoms such as:
- Hearing speech or other sounds that seem muffled
- Difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds
- Ringing in the ears
- Difficulty understanding speech over the phone
- Difficulty understanding conversations in noisy areas, like restaurants
- Asking people to speak more loudly or slowly or to repeat themselves
- Feeling the need to turn up the volume of the television or radio
- Feeling a hypersensitivity to certain sounds which bother you or cause pain
If you think you have a hearing loss, you can take our online hearing test to see if further evaluation is necessary.
Request an Appointment
Causes of Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can happen to anyone, and it can be caused by many things, but the most common causes are through prolonged exposure to loud noises and the aging process. Hearing loss can also be caused by:
- Occupational noises
- Some medications
- Some illness that result in high fever
Unfortunately, most hearing loss is permanent, but ASI Beltone specializes in returning your quality of life with the help of hearing aids, or other personalized treatments.
Types of Hearing Loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
This is the most common type of hearing loss, accounting for 90% of all adult hearing problems. It is often related to aging and a history of noise exposure, affecting the cochlea and auditory nerve.
Conductive hearing loss
Stemming from problems in the outer or middle ear, conductive hearing loss is most likely temporary and can be corrected with medication, earwax removal or surgery.
Mixed hearing loss
When mixed hearing loss occurs, both sensorineural and conductive hearing losses happen at the same time. This can often be treated with medication, earwax removal, surgery and additionally hearing aids.
What To Do If You Think You Have Hearing Loss
If you think you are experiencing the signs and symptoms of hearing loss, the first step is to be evaluated by a hearing specialist. ASI Beltone starts with a free hearing test that acts as a first step toward a personalized hearing health assessment. Our goal is to create customized treatment options based on gathering the most accurate information depending on your individual needs.
One of your treatment options may be hearing aids. Hearing aids can help restore your quality of life by amplifying and separating sounds to your specific needs. ASI Beltone are experts in hearing aid implementation and offer a range of state-of-the-art hearing aid options as well as ongoing customized care to keep your hearing aids working to their maximum potential.
Protecting Your Hearing
One of the best things you can do to make your hearing health a priority is to protect your hearing. While we all might lose some of our hearing as we age, noise-induced hearing loss is completely preventable and protecting your hearing early on will help avoid worsening age-related hearing loss.
- Protect your ears – Limiting your exposure to noise is your best protection. If you work in a noisy environment or are going to an event that will be particularly noisy like a concert or sports game, wear earplugs or earmuffs to help protect your ears from the noise.
- Have your hearing tested – If you work in a noisy environment, consider getting regular hearing tests. Even if you have already experienced some hearing loss, this can help you prevent further loss.
- Avoid recreational risks – Activities like hunting, using power tools, going to concerts or riding snowmobiles can damage your hearing over time. Taking a break from these activities every once in a while and wearing hearing protection while participating can protect your ears.
Don’t let hearing loss affect your quality of life. Let ASI Beltone help you get back to what you love. Fill out the form to schedule your free hearing test today. | <urn:uuid:e31e29e6-26f2-4ff9-9a86-c02770430e1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://asibeltone.com/hearing-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662570051.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20220524075341-20220524105341-00331.warc.gz | en | 0.950623 | 995 | 2.59375 | 3 |
IMPROVING INDOOR AIR QUALITY:
We have all learned about the dangers of contaminated indoor air. Daily indoor use of cleansers, aerosols, sprays, and harmful chemicals, plus pollens, molds, allergens, bacteria, smokes, even virus, all contribute to this modern day Health Hazard. Current construction design makes or homes and buildings extremely airtight to preserve energy costs. This development has created indoor environments that are 10 to 20 times more contaminated than our outdoor environments. This means that a wide variety of lung damaging particles (.5 to 5 microns) become trapped by our indoor environments. These lung damaging particles are constantly re-circulated through our homes and buildings by the heating & cooling ventilation systems. This condition has created our modern phenomenon of unhealthy polluted indoor air.
Source reduction, dilution, and filtering.
The best solution to an indoor air problem involves some part of each of these.
Source reduction is attacking particulates at their source. This might involve some drastic measures, such as cutting out smoking and getting rid of pets. These solutions might not always be possible or practical.
Another solution is to dilute the concentration of particulates in the air with cleaner outdoor air. Dilution is desirable because it helps decrease gases given off by carpeting, building materials, and other products.
While some air is continually leaving your home, it may not happen at a very high rate in tightly-constructed homes. To speed up dilution, you can open windows and doors to let in more outdoor air. This, too, is not always practical or possible.
The third solution, filtering the indoor air supply, can take several routes. Almost every home has a basic furnace filter, which prevents the biggest particulates, such as lint, hair and large dust, from getting into the furnace. These filters operate at a cleaning efficiency of about 5% at best (meaning that they remove about 5% of all the particulates in your air).
You can insert an electrostatic filter in your furnace. Made of materials such as polystyrene or polypropylene fibers, these filters have a built-in electrostatic field designed to charge and attract particulates. However, they don't remove as much as an electronic air cleaner. Some people prefer them because they are less expensive, washable and prevent old filters from ending up in garbage dumps.
Another type, a media filter, is formed of paper or fiber material on a frame. The pleated fabric is designed to expose much more surface area than a basic filter, and these filters are much thicker. These work in part by straining particulates larger than the spaces between the filter fibers from the air stream.
One of the drawbacks of these filters is that they can cause a pressure drop in your heating-cooling system as the filter gets dirtier, meaning that your furnace must work harder to pull air through the filter and the rest of the system. But an advantage is that they are once again, less expensive than an electronic air cleaner and go a long time between changes. This is great if the unit is in tough to get to area like an attic or crawl space. Easy to install, no electrical wiring, no parts to break.
Another way of treating indoor air problems is with an electronic air cleaner. Electronic air cleaners effectively remove nearly all airborne particulates. Placed in the cold air return duct of your furnace, these units remove up to 95% of particulates from the indoor air supply, greatly improving indoor air quality while helping protect the heating system from the ill effects of dust and dirt, and keeping the home cleaner.
Electronic air cleaners remove airborne particulates that filters can't, including nearly all of such small irritating particles as bacteria, pollen, spores, animal dander, viruses and cooking and cigarette smoke. And they have the lowest pressure drop rating of any filtering system (.08 wc) - while helping keep your heating-cooling investment running as cleanly and efficiently as possible.
Electronic air cleaners work differently than basic, electrostatic, or media filters. They give particulates in the air stream a strong electrical charge, then collect and trap them on oppositely-charged plates.
Incoming air passes through a pre-filter to remove larger particles. Then, particulates are given a strong positive or negative charge as they pass through a series of ionizing wires. In he collection section, the charged particles are attracted to an oppositely-charged plate, where they stay until the unit is cleaned. Some units manufacturers offer may include a charcoal filter to help reduce household odors.
Cleaning is simple. Just remove the collection cells three to four times a year, wash with household cleaner to remove contaminants, soak in a laundry tub or place in the dishwasher.
Making a wise air cleaner buy.
How can you make a decision on the filtering system that's right for you? "Pay close attention to the efficiency claims," advises Dave Cenedella, product manager for White-Rodgers' Electro-Air air cleaners. "But you need to know the type and size of particles being filtered out of the air supply. Because some irritants, such as cigarette smoke particles, are so small, you will get the most benefit from an electronic air cleaner that has high effectiveness against particulates as small as .01-.03 microns."
Another consideration is cost, and you should calculate this to extend over a ten-year period, advises Honeywell's Gould. Weigh initial costs versus replacement or maintenance, and consider that a whole-house electronic air cleaner can help protect your heating system investment. Honeywell offers a Clean Coil Guarantee, with the promise that if coil cleaning is required within ten years of installation of one of its electronic air cleaners, the company will pay half the cost of the cleaning.
Leave installation to a professional.
You can plan on installing an electronic air cleaner when you replace your furnace or central air conditioning, or when you're building a new home and selecting a heating-cooling system. If funds don't allow you to install an electronic air cleaner right away, an alternative is to put in an electronic air cleaner compartment with a media filter. Later, you can upgrade your system by having a licensed, professional heating-cooling contractor install an electronic air cleaner in the compartment.
Installation of a whole-house electronic air cleaner is the province of a professional heating-cooling contractor. "A professional is best qualified to help you determine the capabilities of the unit you need for your home, and how you maintain it. He should definitely be your choice for doing the installation and electrical connections," noted the Bureau's Weiner. | <urn:uuid:57186d98-7f1d-48be-89e9-3ad5aa849849> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://behvac.com/airquality.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825264.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022132026-20171022152026-00492.warc.gz | en | 0.945911 | 1,358 | 3.03125 | 3 |
This is the second article in a two part series on the history of Algebra from about 2000 BCE to about 1000 CE.
This problem introduces students to the concept of different categories of real functions which permeate advanced mathematics. It focuses on understanding the properties of the categories as a whole rather than the properties of individual examples. Hopefully students will leave with the realisation that smooth functions are a very special group of
functions along with a wider understanding of functions, continuity and differentiability.
Do you understand all of the terms?
In what ways can you describe or represent a function?
How would you describe in words the 'essence' of each function category? | <urn:uuid:a7d1e934-cad6-46b1-b93d-bd51bc07e35f> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://nrich.maths.org/6904/note | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400377225.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123257-00059-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921633 | 136 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Also found in: Financial.
the value of fixed production assets per unit of output. In socialist economies, the capital-output ratio is used in economic analysis and in formulating production and capital construction plans for the national economy as a whole and for individual sectors and enterprises (associations). Data on the gross social product and the produced national income can be used to analyze the capital-output ratio of the national economy, while data on gross (market) or net output can be used to analyze the ratios of individual sectors.
A distinction is made between the direct and the full capital-output ratio. The direct ratio is calculated as the ratio of the fixed assets of a given sector to that sector’s output in monetary terms. The full capital-output ratio takes into account not only the fixed assets that are directly involved in the output of a sector but also the assets functioning in sectors that figure indirectly in production. Coefficients of the full capital-output ratio were calculated for the first time during the preparation of the intersectorial balance sheet for 1966 of the national economy’s fixed capital stock. The relationship between the full and direct capital-output ratios varies from sector to sector; it is determined by the nature of production and of intersectorial relations. The direct capital-output ratio is inversely proportional to capital productivity.
L. E. BABASHKIN | <urn:uuid:5ed809eb-1247-4beb-a11b-186e86e6d8e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Capital-Output+Ratio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320226.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624050312-20170624070312-00188.warc.gz | en | 0.90761 | 280 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Arizona State University (ASU) has established its Solar Power Laboratory to advance solar energy research, education and technology. Prominent scientists and engineers are being hired to lead the endeavor to improve the efficiency of solar electric power systems while making them more economically feasible.
‘The Solar Power Laboratory will further build up the university's already formidable solar energy research and develop collaborations with the energy industry to accelerate expansion of the state's economy,’ says Michael Crow, ASU's president.
Christiana Honsberg, Stuart Bowden and George Maracas have been hired for the venture. Honsberg will be chief scientist, Bowden will be industrial liaison and Maracas will be chief operating officer. | <urn:uuid:c8694332-2a9b-4639-ba37-5adf40377548> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://solarindustrymag.com/arizona-state-university-establishes-solar-power-laboratory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084892238.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123191341-20180123211341-00715.warc.gz | en | 0.902478 | 141 | 2.53125 | 3 |
(PhysOrg.com) -- Mothers who live in poverty and who have abused their children can stop if they are taught parenting skills and given emotional support.
A new study has found that mothers in families in which there is a history of child abuse and neglect were able to reduce how much they cursed at, yelled at, slapped, spanked, hit or rejected their children after a series of home visits from therapists who taught them parenting skills.
There were large improvements in mothers' parenting in families that received the intensive services, compared to families that did not receive the services, according to SMU psychologists Ernest Jouriles and Renee McDonald at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, two of the study's eight authors.
As a result of the intensive, hands-on training, the women in the study said they felt they did a better job managing their children's behavior, said Jouriles and McDonald. The mothers also were observed to use better parenting strategies, and the families were less likely to be reported again for child abuse.
"Although there are many types of services for addressing child maltreatment, there is very little scientific data about whether the services actually work," said McDonald. "This study adds to our scientific knowledge and shows that this type of service can actually work."
Help for violent families
The parenting training is part of a program called Project Support, developed at the Family Research Center at SMU and designed to help children in severely violent families.
The study was published in the June issue of the Journal of Family Psychology. The article is titled "Improving Parenting in Families Referred for Child Maltreatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining Effects of Project Support." SMU psychologist David Rosenfield also authored the study.
The research was funded by the federal Interagency Consortium on Violence Against Women and Violence Within the Family, along with the Texas-based Hogg Foundation for Mental Health.
"Child maltreatment is such an important and costly problem in our society that it seems imperative to make sure that our efforts — and the tax dollars that pay for them — are actually solving the problem," said Jouriles. He and McDonald are co-founders and co-directors of the SMU Family Research Center.
In 2007, U.S. child welfare agencies received more than 3 million reports of child abuse and neglect, totaling almost 6 million children, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Poor and single with children
The SMU study worked with 35 families screened through the Texas child welfare agency Child Protective Services, CPS. The parents had abused or neglected their children at least once, but CPS determined it best the family stay together and receive services to improve parenting and end the maltreatment.
In all the families, the mother was legal guardian and primary caregiver and typically had three children. On average she was 28, single and had an annual income of $10,300. Children in the study ranged from 3 to 8 years old.
Half the families in the study received Project Support parenting education and support. The other half received CPS's conventional services.
New parenting skills + help
Mental health service providers met with the 17 Project Support families weekly in their homes for up to 6 months.
During that time, mothers, and often their husbands or partners, were taught 12 specific skills, including how to pay attention and play with their children, how to listen and comfort them, how to offer praise and positive attention, how to give appropriate instructions and commands, and how to respond to misbehavior.
Also, therapists provided the mothers with emotional support and helped them access materials and resources through community agencies as needed, such as food banks and Medicaid. The therapists also helped mothers evaluate the adequacy and safety of the family's living arrangements, the quality of their child-care arrangements and how to provide enough food with so little money.
Services provided to families receiving traditional child welfare services varied widely. The range of services included parenting classes at a church or agency, family therapy or individual counseling, videotaped parenting instruction, anger-management help, GED classes and contact by social workers in person or by phone.
Fewer recurrences of abuse
Only 5.9 percent of the families trained through Project Support were later referred to CPS for abuse, compared with almost 28 percent of the control group, the researchers found.
"The results of this study have important implications for the field of child maltreatment," said SMU's Rosenfield.
Project Support was launched in 1996 to address the mental health problems of maltreated children and children exposed to domestic violence, both of which often lead to considerable problems for children later in life, such as substance abuse, interpersonal violence and criminal activity. Previous studies have shown the program can improve children's psychological adjustment as well as mothers' ability to parent their children appropriately and effectively, according to the researchers.
Explore further: Videogames boost skills, but also harmful | <urn:uuid:b1522ecf-8018-495a-a8fb-7f7050bb69c1> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://phys.org/news199442623.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131317541.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172157-00048-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97714 | 1,006 | 2.671875 | 3 |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Ambivalence is a state of having simultaneous, conflicting reactions towards some object. Stated another way, ambivalence is the experience of having an attitude towards someone or something that contains both positively and negatively valenced components. The term also refers to situations where "mixed feelings" of a more general sort are experienced, or where a person experiences uncertainty or indecisiveness concerning something. The expression "sitting on the fence" is often used to describe the feeling of ambivalence.
Ambivalence is experienced as psychologically unpleasant when the positive and negative aspects of a subject are both present in a person's mind at the same time. This state can lead to avoidance or procrastination, or to deliberate attempts to resolve the ambivalence. When the situation requires a decision to be made, people experience the greatest discomfort from their ambivalence ambivalent.
The psychological literature has distinguished between several different forms of ambivalence. One, often called subjective ambivalence or felt ambivalence, represents the psychological experience of conflict, mixed feelings, and indecision in the evaluation of some object. Subjective ambivalence is generally assessed using direct self-report measures asking people to report on these experiences (e.g., conflict) about the topic. Another type of ambivalence is often called objective ambivalence or potential ambivalence, and it represents the simultaneous acknowledgement of both positive and negative evaluations. Objective ambivalence is generally assessed using a method first developed by Kaplan, in which a standard bipolar attitude scale (e.g., extremely negative to extremely positive) is split into two separate scales, each independently assessing the magnitude of one valence (e.g., not at all negative to extremely negative). If a person endorses both positive and negative reactions towards the same object, then at least some objective ambivalence is present. Kaplan initially operationalized ambivalence as the lesser of the two reactions (i.e., positive or negative evaluations), also called conflicting reactions (and contrasted with dominant reactions). For example, if objective ambivalence towards exercising was assessed using two separate 6-point scales, and a person indicated that his or her evaluation was slightly negative (e.g., 2 on a 6-point scale) and extremely positive (e.g., 6 on a 6-point scale), this person's ambivalence would be quantified by the lesser of these two evaluations (i.e., a 2 in this example).
Much research has argued that the effects of ambivalence are often driven by subjective ambivalence, and people's motivation to reduce it. Because of this, researchers have sought to understand the antecedents of subjective ambivalence. Some of this research has examined the relationship between objective ambivalence and subjective ambivalence, often by seeking optimal ways of combining dominant and conflicting evaluations that best predict subjective ambivalence. For example, Thompson and colleagues argue that people with positive and negative evaluations which are of similar magnitude (e.g., +4 & -3) should experience more ambivalence than people whose evaluations are of dissimilar magnitude (e.g., +4 and -1). Similarly, they argue that even with relatively similar positive and negative evaluations, people whose evaluations are more extreme (e.g., +6 and -5) should experience more ambivalence than people whose evaluations are less extreme (e.g., +2 and -1). The formula they recommend, often called the "Griffin" formula or the similarity-intensity model, is Ambivalence = (P + N) / 2 - |P-N|, where P and N are the magnitude of positive and negative reactions, respectively. Other research has found that the relative contribution of the dominant reactions decreases as the magnitude of conflicting reactions increases. Additional research has found that objective ambivalence predicts subjective ambivalence to a greater extent when both the positive and negative reactions are accessible or when a decision about the attitude object is imminent. Still other research has found that objective ambivalence is not the only thing which produces subjective ambivalence. For example, interpersonal ambivalence - the presence of attitudes which are in conflict with those of important others, independently predicts subjective ambivalence as does the mere anticipation of information which may conflict with one's preexisting attitude.
Ambivalence is often conceptualized as a negative predictor of attitude strength. That is, as an attitude becomes more ambivalent, its strength decreases. Strong attitudes are those that are stable over time, resistant to change, and predict behavior and information processing. Studies have found that ambivalent attitudes are less stable over time and less resistant to change and less predictive of behavior.
In addition, because ambivalence is conceptualized as psychologically uncomfortable, people appear motivated to reduce their ambivalence. Notably, people appear to pay more attention to information relevant to ambivalent attitudes, and particularly if this information is perceived as having the potential to reduce ambivalence.
The concept of ambivalence was introduced into psychiatric parlance by Eugen Bleuler in 1910-11. Bleuler distinguished three main types of ambivalence: volitional, intellectual, and emotional. Volitional ambivalence refers to an inability to decide on an action – what Montaigne called “a spirit justly balanced betweene two equal desires”. The concept (if not Bleuler's term) had a long prehistory, reaching back through Buridan's ass, starving between two equally attractive bales of hay in the Middle Ages, to Aristotle. Intellectual ambivalence – the sceptical belief that “There is no reason but hath a contrary to it” - also follows a long tradition reaching back through Montaigne to Sextus Empiricus and Pyrrho. (Freud considered Bleuler's stress on intellectual ambivalence particularly appropriate given his own ambivalence towards Freud's intellectual constructs, alternatively praising and criticizing them). Emotional ambivalence involved opposing affective attitudes towards the same object, as with the man who both loved and hated his wife.
While mainly dealing with ambivalence in relation to the psychological splitting of schizophrenia, Bleuler also noted how “in the dreams of healthy persons, affective as well as intellectual ambivalence is a common phenomenon”.
Freud was swift to pickup Bleuler's concept of ambivalence, applying it to areas he had previously dealt with in terms of ambiguous language, or the persistent co-existence of love and hatred aimed at the same person. Freud also extended the scope of Bleuler's term to cover the co-existence of active and passive trends in the same instinctual impulse - what Freud called "pairs of contrary component instincts" such as looking and being looked at.
Karl Abraham explored the presence of ambivalence in mourning – something he thought to be a universal phenomenon. Others in psychoanalysis have traced the roots of contradictory impulses (usually love and hate) to very early stages of psychosexual development.
Defences against feeling both of the two contradictory emotions include psychological repression, isolation and displacement. Thus, for example, an analysand's love for his father might be quite consciously experienced and openly expressed – while his "hate" for the same object might be heavily repressed and only indirectly expressed, and thus only revealed in analysis. A drug addict may feel ambivalently about their drug of choice; they know that the drug has a destructive effect on their lives (socially, financially, medically, and otherwise), while simultaneously seeking and using it because of the pleasure they get from the drug's usage.
Another relevant distinction is that whereas the psychoanalytic notion of "ambivalence" sees it as engendered by all neurotic conflict, a person's everyday "mixed feelings" may easily be based on a quite realistic assessment of the imperfect nature of the thing being considered.
|Look up ambivalence in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
Karen Pinker, Alchemical Mercury: A Theory of Ambivalence (2009) | <urn:uuid:f17dcaab-a063-4f23-9df8-633d17ca6837> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://blekko.com/wiki/Ambivalence?source=672620ff | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931005387.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155645-00043-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93238 | 1,654 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Definition of 'Autocorrelation' .- Willis Eschenbach
A mathematical representation of the degree of similarity between a given time series and a lagged version of itself over successive time intervals. It is the same as calculating the correlation between two different time series, except that the same time series is used twice - once in its original form and once lagged one or more time periods.
If you take a random window on a highly autocorrelated “red noise” dataset, the extreme values (minimums and maximums) are indeed more likely, in fact twice as likely, to be at the start and the end of your window rather than anywhere in the middle.
I’m sure you can see where this is going … you know all of those claims about how eight out of the last ten years have been extremely warm? And about how we’re having extreme numbers of storms and extreme weather of all kinds ? If you say “we are living today in extreme, unprecedented times”, mathematically you are likely to be right, even if there is no trend at all, purely because the data is autocorrelated and “today” is at one end of our time window !
We are indeed living in extreme times, and we have the data to prove it !
Of course, this feeds right into the AGW alarmism, particularly because any extreme event counts as evidence of how we are living in parlous, out-of-the-ordinary times, whether hot or cold, wet or dry, flood or drought. On a more serious level, it seems to me that this is a very important observation. Typically, we consider the odds of being in extreme times to be equal across the time window. That’s not true. As a result, we incorrectly consider the occurrence of recent extremes as evidence that the bounds of natural variation have recently been overstepped (e.g. “eight of the ten hottest years”, etc.). This finding shows that we need to raise the threshold for what we are considering to be “recent extreme weather” … because even if there are no trends at all we are living in extreme times, so we should expect extreme weather. Of course, this applies to all kinds of datasets. For example, currently we are at a low extreme in hurricanes … but is that low number actually anomalous when the math says that we live in extreme times, so extremes shouldn’t be a surprise?
I propose that we call this the “End Times Effect”, the tendency of extremes to cluster in recent times simply because the data is autocorrelated and “today” is at one end of our time window … and the corresponding tendency for people to look at those recent extremes and incorrectly assume that we are living in the end times when we are all doomed. Draw a parabola. Now pick a random interval on the x-axis. No matter what interval you pick, at least one endpoint of that interval will be an extreme (if the vertex is not in your interval, then both endpoints will be extremes). Realize that any functional relationship that goes up, down, or both, will have subsets of that relationship that are somewhat parabolic in shape.
Blogger "Seattle" says :
For a Wiener process (a random walk comprising infinitesimally small random steps), the “Arcsine laws” apply .
The arcsine law says that the distribution function of the maximum on an interval, say [0,1], is 2 / pi * arcsin(sqrt(x)).
Differentiating that expression yields the probability density :
1 / (pi*sqrt(x) * sqrt(1-x)) | <urn:uuid:eb71f335-5f9a-44c1-a16e-0d972f59af10> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://edmondsbeacon.villagesoup.com/p/definition-of-autocorrelation-willis-eschenbach/1173064 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246637979.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045717-00147-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917063 | 778 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Talking to your teen about drugs, alcohol and heroin
For many parents, talking with children about drugs and alcohol can be difficult … yet it is essential. Research shows that the more parents talk to their children about drugs and alcohol, the less likely the children will become users.
Have the conversation early with your child.
Start early and continue the discussion throughout the teenage years. Many young children begin experimentation with alcohol, marijuana or tobacco as early as 10 years old. As a parent, you want to communicate your message and values to your child. It’s an important issue in terms of a teen’s health and safety. Talk to them!
Have a clear message.
Substance use is not a rite of passage. Not all kids do it. Even using alcohol or drugs once or twice can develop into problems with school, the law, your health and hinder good relationships. It’s okay to talk to your kids about not using, even if you used drugs/alcohol as a teenager. Let them know that there are consequences for using drugs and alcohol, and it can affect their healthy development.
Set up consequences for drug/alcohol use.
Be a parent, not a friend. Teens will hear many messages about drugs and alcohol that are unclear and mixed. A parent who wants to be the “cool” parent, may be communicating that drugs aren’t a big deal. On the other hand, if a parent is too rigid and judgmental, chances are you’ll get nowhere.
Use teachable moments. Talk regularly to your child about drugs.
Use those moments in the car, or when there is a story in the news, to have a discussion. Like other health issues, once is not enough to talk about drugs with your child. Value your child’s development in life and listen to their struggles and stresses. Listening is critical! Parents must listen so they can have a discussion with their child vs. just telling the child what to do. Also, make the conversation age appropriate – a conversation about drugs is very different with a 10 year old vs. a 16 year old.
Set a good example.
They watch what you do. Set a good example about your own substance use.
Look for signs of drug use.
- Any changes in appearance, behavior, eating or sleeping habits, red or watery eyes, unexplained mood swings
- Changes in mood such as lack of motivation, depression or extreme hyperactivity
- Missing possessions, lack of money
- Poor school attendance, increased discipline or change in grades
- Possession of drug paraphernalia
- Secretive about possessions and personal space, increased isolation
Get help at the first sign of trouble.
Parents tend to underestimate the risks or seriousness of drug use, especially with alcohol and marijuana. Seek out a professional and ask for help. Quality of life and your child’s future depend on it! When a teen’s substance use disorder is treated in adolescence – even when mild or moderate – it frequently leads to abstinence or no further problems. (NIDA 2014) | <urn:uuid:d6d3c8c5-7bd3-425e-b4af-7439b971945a> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.rosecrance.org/talking-teen-drugs-alcohol-heroin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863411.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20180620031000-20180620051000-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.933563 | 637 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Roughly 500,000 people annually within the United States suffer from a debilitating disorder called Tardive dyskinesia (TD). Many people within the United States have never heard of TD — let alone know what it exactly entails. Essentially, TD at its core is a movement disorder which varies in terms of level. Much of it is based upon the constant use of dopamine receptor blocking agent drugs (DRBA).
This piece will break down exactly what Tardive dyskinesia is — along with symptoms, causes for the disorder itself, and potential treatment plans.
Symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia
When breaking down symptoms of this disorder, we must first address the root of what TD exactly is. Essentially, this disorder stems as a side effect of antipsychotic medications. For those suffering from mental health issues, often times individuals are prescribed the types of drugs (DRBA) that aim to help combat the debilitating aspects of any mental health affliction. However, it can lead to some difficult physical issues.
TD in particular causes both the body and face to have involuntary jerking movements with the face and body as a whole. There are times where a person’s body will literally have a life of its own — whether that means spontaneously sticking out one’s tongue or moving around limbs in a strange pattern. This can also include chewing movements, grunts, the blinking of eyes, flapping of arms, and constant swaying.
Causes of Tardive Dyskinesia
Medication is used to curb certain behaviors associated with those combating severe mental health issues. The antipsychotic/DRBA drugs aim to block dopamine from festering inside the brain. This is often the case with those having schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, among other conditions.
Unfortunately, some of the prescribed drugs can cause these symptoms of TD. In particular, a few of them include Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Fluphenazine, Risperidone (Risperdal), and Haloperidol (Haldol). There are also circumstances in which some people have higher chances in obtaining TD than others. Those who are addicts (drug, alcohol) have an increased risk in getting TD. Additionally, TD seems to feature more prominently in women — specifically African-American women and Asian-American women. Lastly, anyone over the age of 55 also has an elevated chance in developing Tardive dyskinesia.
How to treat Tardive Dyskinesia
When displaying symptoms of TD, doctors usually will run a plethora of tests to determine that the patient is indeed suffering from TD. This is usually done in the way of a blood test. There’s also an exam called AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) that can be used. using this scale, abnormal movements are monitored. If the doctors can rule out other types of issues (Parkinson’s disease, stroke, cerebral palsy, Huntington’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome), they can better come up with a game plan to limit TD symptoms.
Normally, patients will change the type of medicine they had been taking previously. Two drugs specifically (Ingrezza, Austedo) have been proven to help treat Tardive Dyskinesia. Additionally, some feel as if healthy supplements may indeed aid in limiting symptoms. A few of those include melatonin, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, and also Ginkgo Biloba pills. | <urn:uuid:bb9fc254-8174-4597-85f7-bfcc7bfff72f> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://answertree.org/uncategorized/what-is-tardive-dyskinesia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296944452.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322180852-20230322210852-00543.warc.gz | en | 0.945357 | 721 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Difference between Unique key and Primary key
A UNIQUE constraint and PRIMARY key both are similar and it provide unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined.
Some are basic differences between Primary Key and Unique key are as follows.
- Primary key cannot have a NULL value.
- Each table can have only single primary key.
- Primary key is implemented as indexes on the table. By default this index is clustered index.
- Primary key can be related with another table's as a Foreign Key.
- We can generated ID automatically with the help of Auto Increment field. Primary key supports Auto Increment value.
- Unique Constraint may have a NULL value.
- Each table can have more than one Unique Constraint.
- Unique Constraint is also implemented as indexes on the table. By default this index is Non-clustered index.
- Unique Constraint can not be related with another table's as a Foreign Key.
- Unique Constraint doesn't supports Auto Increment value.
Create table Student
StuId int primary key, ---- Define Primary Key
StuName varchar(50) Not Null,
ContactNo int Unique --- Define Unique Key
Insert some data in table
Now you will see above fig. StuId can not have NULL value but ContactNo can have NULL value. | <urn:uuid:fea56fe5-f870-4314-82eb-9ea5463a7cb9> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://dotnethearts.blogspot.com/2013/05/difference-between-primary-key-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744561.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118180446-20181118202446-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.869717 | 289 | 3.03125 | 3 |
How is a Lymph Node Biopsy Performed?
There are three different methods of performing a lymph node biopsy. The purpose of a lymph node biopsy is to collect a tissue sample to send to a pathology lab for testing.
During an open biopsy, the surgeon removes all or part of the lymph node through a small incision in the skin. The wound is sutured closed and bandaged. This procedure takes up to 45 minutes. The is generally done as a day case in a hospital under general anesthetics.
Fine Needle Biopsy
During a needle biopsy, the surgeon cleans the site and a fine needle is inserted into the lymph node to collect a sample of cells and then the site is bandaged. The procedure usually takes about 5-10 minutes in the office. Local anesthetics is usually not required.
This type of biopsy is used if you have been diagnosed with cancer. Its purpose is to determine where the cancer might have spread. Radiologist injects dye into the area near the cancer 1-2 hours before the procedure. Sentinel nodes are close to the cancer site and the dye shows whether the cancer is draining into these nodes. The surgeon will remove one or more of these nodes and send it to pathology to test for cancer cells. This is generally done under general anesthetics in a hospital setting.
What to Expect After a Lymph Node Biopsy
After a lymph node biopsy:
- You should keep the wound clean and dry as it heals.
- Avoid strenuous activity that might put pressure on the wound.
- Tell your doctor right away if you notice symptoms of infection such as fever, chills, redness, pain or discharge from the biopsy site.
The most common risk factors include:
- Infection of the biopsy site.
- Numbness if the biopsy occurred close to a nerve (usually temporary).
- Tenderness around the biopsy site.
- Lymphoedema, a condition that causes swelling in the area. | <urn:uuid:7d4da932-9613-41ed-9759-29fdffa5650e> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://cleelandspecialists.com.au/services/general-surgery/lymph-node-biopsy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741324.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113153141-20181113175141-00157.warc.gz | en | 0.923515 | 420 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Chomsky's notion of an I-language was introduced in part (in 1986) by appeal to a contrast with what he called an “E-language” approach to the study of language. An E-language approach is one that studies language that is ‘externalized.’ One form that externalization might take is found in a philosophers’ favorite, the notion of a public language. What is a public language? David Lewis and Wilfrid Sellars, among many others, assume that a language is an institution shared by individuals in a population, taught by training procedures with the aim of getting the child to conform to the rules for word and sentence usage (for Lewis, “conventions,” and for Sellars, “practices”) of the relevant population. This view turns out to be hopeless as a basis for scientific research for reasons taken up in appendices VI and XI. It does, however, conform quite nicely to a commonsense conception of language.
Another version of an E-language approach is found in Quine, where he insists that there is no “fact of the matter” with regard to deciding between two grammars for ‘a language,’ so long as they are “extensionally equivalent.” To say that they are extensionally equivalent, each would have to generate all and only the same set of sentences, where a sentence is understood to be a ‘string’ of ‘words.’ To make sense of this, one must think that it is possible to identify a language for purposes of scientific investigation with a set – an infinite set – of strings. However, that belief is erroneous, for several reasons that become clear below; essentially, a language is a system in the head that has the competence to generate a potential infinity of sound–meaning pairs, where these pairs are defined by appeal to the theory, as is the recursive procedure that can yield them. What a person actually produces in various contexts during his or her lifetime is a very different creature: in Chomsky's terminology, it is an “epiphenomenon,” not a grouping of strings that can be the subject matter of a naturalistic scientific effort. | <urn:uuid:3c49cfe0-4465-49cc-a111-45361712ee5a> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=James%20McGilvray&eventCode=SE-AU | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583510893.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20181016221847-20181017003347-00285.warc.gz | en | 0.968624 | 458 | 3.203125 | 3 |
|Watershed Management Process|
|Characterize the Watershed|
|Set Goals and Identify Solutions|
|Design an Implementation Program|
|Implement the Watershed Plan|
|Measure Progress and Make Adjustments|
As part of the I/E program, you should have included opportunities to publicize the plan to increase awareness of the steps being taken during implementation. Continuous communication is essential to building the credibility of and support for the watershed implementation process. Lack of communication can impede participation and reduce the likelihood of successful implementation. This is especially critical if you're using a stakeholder-driven process. Transparency of the process builds trust and confidence in the outcome. Regular communication also helps to strengthen accountability among watershed partners by keeping them actively engaged. Such communication might also stimulate more stakeholders to get involved in the effort and offer new ideas or suggestions. Sharing results can also help to ensure more consistent watershed approaches across subwatersheds.
Progress and implementation results can be shared through various media formats, such as press releases, ads in local newspapers, television or radio public service announcements, or presentations at community meetings such as those of homeowner associations and local civic organizations, PTA meetings, or other gatherings of members of the watershed community. You could secure time on the local cable access station to discuss the watershed plan and share monitoring results with the public. You might also consider hosting a press conference with local officials and the stakeholders as a way to thank them for their participation and to inform the larger community about the plan's contents and how they can participate in implementing the plan.
Remember to publicize the project team's accomplishments to county commissioners, elected local and state officials, watershed residents, and other major stakeholders. The group might wish to issue a watershed report card or develop a fact sheet, brochure, or annual report to highlight its successes. Report cards let the community know whether water quality conditions are improving overall. They also allow people to compare results across specific areas to see if things are improving, whether some aspects seem to be connected, and whether a change in direction is needed to bring about greater improvements. This is an effective way to build awareness of the watershed issues and the progress of watershed plan implementation. In addition, when people see progress, they'll continue to work toward making the plan a success. | <urn:uuid:d056644c-b2ea-4b23-931a-813513ac5057> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://wiki.epa.gov/watershed2/index.php/Share_Results | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814493.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223055326-20180223075326-00034.warc.gz | en | 0.939961 | 466 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) use semiconductors, rather than electrical filaments or gaseous substances, to emit light. LEDs produce light in a way that is different from other lighting technologies. They disperse light in a specific direction, instead of all directions. This characteristic makes them efficient and well suited for down-lighting applications.
Using LEDs instead of traditional lighting technology such as incandescent, fluorescent or high-intensity discharge (HID) has many benefits, including:
Learn more about LED technology and LED lighting considerations. Visit California Technology Lighting Center - 2015 Lighting Technology Overview.
LEDs are a great choice for many applications. Following are some of the most common uses.
LEDs are available in a wide variety of color temperatures ranging from low/warm, which closely mimics incandescent lighting, to high/cool, which is more like daylight. Other benefits make LEDs ideal for use in lighting control solutions, for example:
LEDs are suitable for various environments including offices, schools, retail stores and hospitals.
LEDs’ longer lifespan, higher efficacy and greater control make them well suited to applications with:
LEDs’ luminous intensity and uniform lighting helps increase workers’ safety in warehouses. It also delivers adequate lighting for product inventory at all shelf levels.
Get additional help on choosing linear LED solutions. Download Linear LED Buyer’s Guide (PDF, 1.68 MB).
The directional nature and low UV radiation of LED lighting makes it ideal for retail, hospitality and museum uses. Accent and directional lighting is also ideal for office reception areas. LEDs can highlight artwork or light up displays in retail shops. LEDs greatly reduce UV radiation damage to artwork, clothing and other organic materials.
Outdoor lighting has numerous uses, including:
High-quality LED light is perfect for use around:
Outdoor applications offer major energy-saving potential. LEDs can resolve the poor light quality and control issues from which most traditional outdoor lighting suffers. Uniform light distribution and directionality of LEDs allows strategic placement for safety, security and comfort. Combine outdoor lighting with advanced controls to optimize energy use.
Access the following LED lighting resources: | <urn:uuid:b7178671-d4d5-4228-85c2-85a7458c5b22> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://www.pge.com/en_US/business/save-energy-money/business-solutions-and-rebates/lighting/led-lighting/led-lighting.page | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607591.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523064440-20170523084440-00197.warc.gz | en | 0.927472 | 514 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Cape St Francis
Seal Point Lighthouse is the tallest masonry lighthouse in South Africa, 27.75m high. The focal plane is 36 meters above sea level and the light has a range of 28 sea miles.
Joseph Flack, a civil Engineer and architect who was employed by the Cape Colonial Government at the time was instrumental in building this majestic building. He was also involved in buildings on Robben Island. Joseph, who came from Maidstone, Kent, England, died on 14 November 1876. WB Hays took over on 29 November of the same year and the light was lit for the first time on 4 July 1878.
It was equipped with a three wick burner and had an intensity of 15 000 candles, providing a single white flash every 20 seconds. On 17 May 1906 the flash rate was changed to one flash every 5 seconds and a petroleum vapour burner was fitted, increasing the candle power to 120 000 candles. Today the character of the light is once every five seconds with an intensity of 2 750 000 candles and a range of 28 sea miles.
Today the lighthouse has one Senior keeper with a modern radio beacon, fog signal and fog detector. As Seal Point Lighthouse continues to watch over the coast and has done for more than a century far fewer shipwrecks have been reported. | <urn:uuid:3c22d4aa-a8c4-4ace-8dcc-8244650841af> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.safarinow.com/destinations/eastern-cape/PopularAttractions.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609533957.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005213-00662-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974204 | 269 | 2.625 | 3 |
Managing sources The Source Manager lets you add, delete, and edit sources; it is also where you go to complete your placeholders and is a great help when it comes to creating your bibliography. This is where you select the citation style. The book source, for example, yields fields for Author, Title, Year, City and Publisher. Look for the button should be to the far right that says Styles, with a capitalized A and a paint brush. Not spending precious time reading the irrelevant material or off-topic titles should make finishing your assignment on time all the much easier.
How should they do that? You can use sequential numbers, letters, or other symbols to mark your footnotes or endnotes. Everything you need to add footnotes and endnotes to your paper can be found in the Footnotes section of the References tab. You can create your own updated version of a style or build custom styles. Before you can alphabetize, you need to make sure you have your citations correct. Source cards should be sent up using the bibliographic form for each title depending on the styling guide you choose to use.
In fact, all you have to do is input the information and let Word take care of the rest. Annotated bibliographies can be extremely helpful to students and researchers alike. Type your footnote or endnote into your document. In the Master List, select the source you need if the source is listed; otherwise, click the Browse button, select the document with the source in the Open Source List dialog box, and click Open. Depending on the researchers intent or instructor's guidelines the annotated bibliography will function as either a summary of the titles mentioned, a summary as well as an evaluation regarding the usefulness of the work, or a combination of the first two as well as an in-depth analysis of each source. You can arrange all sources either in the alphabetical or chronological order but better ask your tutor about the preferred format. This will then turn all of the citations and bibliography text into standard text.
This style is all about following the guiding principles, so your key objective is to become familiar with them. You may need to restart your browser for the install to take effect. There simply is no built in way to accomplish this task in Word. Try to answer the question: Do they cover the chosen subject area appropriately? Choose the format for your bibliography. These perhaps harsh methods have been effectively utilized by the author. Also, open up the Zotero Standalone program.
Your analyzation is different from your evaluation because you are now discussing the source from a more objective and critical standpoint. You also need to know some of the basic rules of citations, so you know what to use to alphabetize the list. Here is how you can do this. Double-click the footnote number to go back to the document. All the endnotes in your document should now be selected. Steps for using word to help with your bibliography formatting Are you tired of wading through long lists of sources or shuffling through index cards to create your citations and bibliography in Word? Changing how citations appear in text Citations appear in text enclosed in parentheses. Given the similarities between stock based compensation and defined benefit pension costs, an expense should be recognized for employee stock options just as pension costs are recognized for defined benefit pension plans.
The author reaffirms the view that reward and punishment are effective in teaching students to pay attention to details in their research. Probably that place is toward the end of the document. Things to do beforehand 1. Choose the middle one, called merge formatting. To start fresh, highlight the text that needs the hanging indent, and then right click. Note that you should not break the Internet address of the link, even if it requires its own line. You will drag the bottom triangle and the little rectangle underneath it.
Lastly, the annotated bibliography can also act as a literature review, demonstrating your competence and authority on the subject being discussed. Look more deeply into the potent aspects of the work as well as the areas in which more work needs to be conducted, or the research is lacking. Jon, a freshman at a local community college, had just completed a huge term paper that counted for a large percentage of his overall grade in a class. Secondly, what is the purpose of your annotated bibliography? Henry Cowles's seminal paper on plant community succession laid the groundwork for over a century of ecological experimentation and debate. Would you like to answer one of these instead? Note that sometimes the bibliography is not always updated if you delete some Zotero citations in the text. Just want to be sure our bases are covered.
Writing is our business, and we take it very seriously for you to have a brilliant academic performance! Particularly if you have a long paper with a lot of sources, you may find as you go that you have some duplicated sources or some that you no longer need to use. I am on a Mac Word 2011 so the above answers were helpful conceptually. The bibliography automatically adapts to the style guide you choose in the Style dropdown, and you can set the title to bibliography, references, or works cited. Your citation will now be both double spaced and have a hanging indent. When and how to use footnotes You may decide to substitute footnotes for in-text citations and a bibliography. A Cookie is a small text-only file stored on your device. Not the answer you're looking for? You're probably already familiar with a bibliography - it's the list of references you include at the end of a research paper. | <urn:uuid:516a1826-0518-40a4-bd52-6b2d0ad736cc> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://cupsoguepictures.com/how-to-do-a-bibliography-on-word.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107904039.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20201029095029-20201029125029-00506.warc.gz | en | 0.932212 | 1,142 | 3.171875 | 3 |
On 11th August 1968 a special train set off from Liverpool Lime Street station on a return trip to Carlisle. The train, known as the 'Fifteen Guinea Special' because of the cost of the fair, was the last steam-hauled passenger service on British Rail's standard gauge tracks. The next day saw a start of a ban instituted by British Rail management, from then on only diesel and electric locomotives were to be used.
Around 450 enthusiasts set off at 9:10 am on the 314-mile round trip, and thousands more gathered at the stations and other points along the route to wave at the train as it passed. Four locomotives were used to haul the train over various stages: on the first leg, between Liverpool and Manchester, the LMS Stanier Class 5 locomotive 45110 was used; between Manchester Victoria and Carlisle, the BR standard class 7 70013 'Oliver Cromwell' provided the power; from Carlisle back to Manchester two more Class 5s - 44781 and 44871 - were used; 45110 hauled the final leg back to Lime Street where it was greeted as it steamed in at just before 8 pm by a large crowd.
The world`s first public railway opens: 27th September 1825
Tom Thumb beat a horse: 28th August 1830
Queen Victoria`s first train journey: 13th June 1842
First underground railway opened: 10th January 1863
Steam locomotive world speed record: 3rd July 1938 | <urn:uuid:a7347f29-0888-4f82-b301-520b5fc85e93> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://modernhistorian.blogspot.com/2010/08/on-this-day-in-history-last-steam.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122955.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00296-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966761 | 307 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Updated: Dec 18, 2020
German: Tröstet, tröstet meine Lieben
Text: Johan Olearius (1611-1684). Tune: Louis Bourgeois (1510-1559) French Psalter 1551 Psalm 42; Freu dich sehr harmonized by Claude Goudimel (1514-1572)
1. Comfort, comfort ye my people, Speak ye peace, thus saith our God; Comfort those who sit in darkness, Mourning 'neath their sorrow's load. Speak ye to Jerusalem Of the peace that waits for them; Tell her that her sins I cover, And her warfare now is over.
2. Yea, her sins our God will pardon, Blotting out each dark misdeed; All that well deserved his anger He no more will see or heed. She hath suffered many a day, Now her griefs have passed away; God will change her pining sadness Into ever-springing gladness.
3. For the herald's voice is crying In the desert far and near, Bidding all men to repentance, Since the kingdom now is here. O that warning cry obey! Now prepare for God a way; Let the valleys rise to meet him, And the hills bow down to greet him.
4. Make ye straight what long was crooked, Make the rougher places plain; Let your hearts be true and humble, As befits his holy reign. For the glory of the Lord Now o'er earth is shed abroad; And all flesh shall see the token That his word is never broken. Tr. Catherine Winkworth
MEDITATION This Advent hymn, used most often for the Second Sunday in Advent, is a close paraphrase of Isaiah 40:1-5. Olearius wrote it to be sung on John The Baptist day, June 24--so Bach used it in his Cantata BWV 30 for that day. While there are some reflections from the hymn writer in the text, it is mainly a paraphrase. The writer was a German Lutheran, but in the paraphrase and the tune from the French psalter, one can read a lot of history. Lutherans and Calvinists had gone to war theologically and actually about many things. A marker of a Calvinist to German Lutherans was the paraphrasing of the psalms. When Ambrosius Lobwasser (1515-1585) of Königsberg, a Lutheran who admired the French Psalter tunes from Geneva, prepared, in 1573,
a version of the French psalter for Germans he was viewed as something of a heretic by Lutherans. A Professor of Jurisprudence in Königsberg, he had trained in Berry, France where he came to love the French tunes. German Lutherans condemned his work because he had used the French texts of Beza and Marot, in order to keep the meters of the tunes, as his source rather than the Hebrew originals. He finished his work on the hymns during a quarantine in his town for the plague. German Calvinists loved the work of Lobwasser and sang his works for generations.
Olearius lived a century after Lobwasser. He, along with other Germans, had absorbed Lobwasser's notions--and knew the French tunes through him. So this hymn with its French origins became a staple German hymn. The tune is used for several favorite Lutheran hymns from Lutheran lands, On my Heart Imprint thine Image, for one.
Another interesting tidbit is that in the same way that the Lutherans changed their rhythmic tunes to isometric quarter notes, influenced by Bach, the French psalter musicians also did the same. If you look at American Lutheran hymns down through time, you can see the change and the restorations back to rhythmic forms.
One of the glories of the tradition of singing praise to God is that Christians from around the world can sing a hymn, fight about it, and then make it their own. Jesus came into the life of Mary and Joseph as one of their own, spoke their language, sang their songs, and submitted to all the customs of the Jewish faith--so that all the world would be saved. Now everyone around the world can join together in their own songs glad to sing God's praise. Even in places hostile to the faith, Christmas carols are playing as people shop for Christmas gifts. The universality of Christmas! Its glory!
HYMN INFO Olearius was a major force in German Lutheran hymnody. He had a distinguished career as a professor at the University of Wittenberg which he attended as a student. He was appointed Chaplain in the Saxon court and wrote a commentary on all of the Bible; he translated into German The Imitation of Christ, the devotional classic by Thomas à Kempis. He wrote many other devotional pieces of his own. He spent his last years during the Pietistic revival in Germany which one can sense in his works. He is mostly known for his massive collection of hymns Geistliche Singe-kunst (1671-1673) which contained over 1300 hymns. Among them this one. The book was praised for its scholarship and editing of normally long texts into much shorter ones.
The tune, known also as Freu dich sehr from the French Psalter of 1551, is by Bourgeois, harmonized by Claude Goudimel (1514-1572). Bougeois was Calvin's colleague and friend, working with him in Strasbourg and Geneva. He had to cool his heels in prison one night for messing with the arrangements in the older psalter. Calvin got him out! Goudimel converted to Protestantism in 1557 and worked with the Huguenots. Some think he was martyred in the St. Bartholomew's Massacre in 1572, but cannot prove it. Bach used the tune and text several times in his cantatas and preludes.
LINKS Lincoln, Nebraska choir/ lively version—captures the rhythm https://youtu.be/V2wKFZBYUjg
Cathedral Church of the Advent https://youtu.be/GGURM_EVT8M
Holy Comforter Church choir/John Ferguson's arrangement of the hymn https://youtu.be/PBfDujy9-X0
Bach's setting of the third stanza in his Cantata BWV 30 Freu dich sehr
Handel's Messiah begins with these wonderful selections directly from Isaiah 40 | <urn:uuid:3761a719-33ef-4ade-a78e-db73bbb6e824> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.hymnfortheday.com/post/hymn-264-comfort-comfort-ye-my-people-handel-s-messiah | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103556871.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628142305-20220628172305-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.964429 | 1,395 | 2.59375 | 3 |
It is not uncommon for a dog to get along with a cat, especially when the two have grown up together. Co-habitation is a key element for developing a mutual friendship. However, when you are bringing a cat into the territory solely under the dog’s possession, this can create some sort of unwanted hostility.
Dogs are protective of their home, territory and pack. The new cat could be treated as another dog and pack member to be played with or as the enemy and threat to the territory. Older cats not associated with dogs, or around them often, could become aggressive and defensive as well.
If you are planning to bring home a new cat to meet your dog, there are some things you can do for a smooth introduction and lifelong friendship.
Safety and comfort for both dogs and cats
- You want both pets to feel safe and comforted in their home. To ensure the safety of your cat, hone in on your dog’s obedience skills. Simple commands of “sit” and “leave it” will help to calm down an overly excited dog, so the cat can sniff out their new environment.
- For the first few days, keep your cat confined to a room with all they need. Allow your pets to get used to each other’s smell through the doorway. After a while, leave the door open with something blocking the entry. Walk the dog past the doorway several times a day and allow them to peek in at the cat. Reward good behavior with favorite treats.
- Once your cat is no longer running and hiding when the dog approaches the door, or if they are curious enough, switch to a formal greeting in a common place like the living room.
- If you are not in the room or home, keep the pets separate for a while. Interrupt any barking or chasing behavior as well.
Do not forget to give equal attention whenever possible. | <urn:uuid:1e0d45fe-d290-4890-87e8-9a11cca69a4c> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://lasvegaspetcremation.com/blog/tag/dogs-and-cats/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863109.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619173519-20180619193519-00296.warc.gz | en | 0.965813 | 393 | 2.5625 | 3 |
A formal archival program for the City of Providence was established in 1978 as part of a year-long centennial observance marking the dedication of City Hall. The archives, located on the 5th floor of City Hall, houses extensive collections of manuscripts, printed material, maps, blueprints, and photographic images that span the period from the colony’s founding in 1636 to the present. The nearly 40,000 cubic feet of records detail all aspects of the development and operation of municipal government. These collections offer researchers a unique opportunity to trace the history of New England’s second largest city.
The archives staff is ready to assist you with your research needs. Please see the Policies and Procedures page for details on using our collections.Research Policies + Procedures Photo Gallery (Flickr) | <urn:uuid:d10c8185-2adb-4af9-909b-e6bcf6ac1f5c> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.providenceri.gov/cityarchives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818693240.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925182814-20170925202814-00370.warc.gz | en | 0.906837 | 159 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This was faithfully performed by Captain Tasman; and from the lights afforded by his journal, a very exact and curious map was made of all these new countries. But his voyage was never published entire; and it is very probable that the East India Company never intended it should be published at all. However, Dirk Rembrantz, moved by the excellency and accuracy of the work, published in Low Dutch an extract of Captain Tasman’s Journal, which has been ever since considered as a very great curiosity; and, as such, has been translated into many languages, particularly into our own, by the care of the learned Professor of Gresham College, Doctor Hook, an abridgment of which translation found a place in Doctor Harris’s Collection of Voyages. But we have made no use of either of these pieces, the following being a new translation, made with all the care and diligence that is possible.
CHAPTER II: CAPTAIN TASMAN SAILS FROM BATAVIA, AUGUST 14, 1642.
On August 14, 1642, I sailed from Batavia with two vessels; the one called the Heemskirk, and the other the Zee-Haan. On September 5 I anchored at Maurice Island, in the latitude of 20 degrees south, and in the longitude of 83 degrees 48 minutes. I found this island fifty German miles more to the east than I expected; that is to say, 3 degrees 33 minutes of longitude. This island was so called from Prince Maurice, being before known by the name of Cerne. It is about fifteen leagues in circumference, and has a very fine harbour, at the entrance of which there is one hundred fathoms water. The country is mountainous; but the mountains are covered with green trees. The tops of these mountains are so high that they are lost in the clouds, and are frequently covered by thick exhalations or smoke that ascends from them. The air of this island is extremely wholesome. It is well furnished with flesh and fowl; and the sea on its coasts abounds with all sorts of fish. The finest ebony in the world grows here. It is a tall, straight tree of a moderate thickness, covered with a green bark, very thick, under which the wood is as black as pitch, and as close as ivory. There are other trees on the island, which are of a bright red, and a third sort as yellow as wax. The ships belonging to the East India Company commonly touch at this island for refreshments on their passage to Batavia. | <urn:uuid:6be6f332-6206-401f-8062-65d6bb3d9769> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/2660/17.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647244.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319234034-20180320014034-00540.warc.gz | en | 0.983841 | 526 | 2.71875 | 3 |
History of hip hop in two minutes
12 August 2013 Last updated at 00:01 BST
Hip hop has been marking the 40th anniversary of its creation, when DJ Kool Herc started scratching records and rapping at a house party in New York's Bronx.
In the past four decades, groups and artists such as Public Enemy, De La Soul, Tupac and Jay Z have become household names.
But there are claims that the genre is even older and can trace its roots back much further into history.
British rapper and founder of the Hip-hop Shakespeare Company, Akala, ran BBC News through a brief history of the art form.
Video journalist: Chris Parkinson | <urn:uuid:d54b23d2-4753-4a7d-9045-02a19e37676c> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23631986 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440646313806.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827033153-00134-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945908 | 140 | 2.875 | 3 |
Vessel wall defects are infrequently seen in veterinary medicine and can be inherited or acquired.
Inherited defects involving the vessel wall include Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan’s syndrome.
Ehlers-Danlos syndome, also called cutaneous asthenia (“rubber puppy disease”), is an uncommon, inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by loose, hyperextensible, fragile skin. This defect has been recognized in both dogs and cats as well as in humans, mink, cows, sheep and horses. The underlying defect is in the synthesis and/or maturation of type I collagen and as a result of lack of vascular support, affected animals often experience subcutaneous hematomas and have long bleeding times. Human patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can also be symptomatic, with mild clinical signs (e.g. bruising, excessive menstrual bleeding) to fatal bleeds in specific subtypes (there are several different subtypes, including classic, dermatospararaxis, hypermobile, and vascular, with the latter having the most severe clinical manifestation). Symptoms are largely attributed to “fragile” vessels, which rupture readily, however there is data to support hemostatic defects, particularly defects in platelet function (secretion and/or aggregation to ADP, collagen or thrombin-related activation peptide), which were identified in at least 80% of one study of 141 patients (with various subtypes, most common of which were the classic or hypermobile forms). The presence of platelet function defects increased the odds ratio of bleeding symptoms in this cohort (Artoni et al 2018).
Marfan’s syndrome is a genetic defect in fibrillin in humans and cattle. The animals develop aneurysms, usually involving the aorta and pulmonary artery, and die from massive bleed-outs secondary to aneurysmal rupture.
Vasculitis can be due to infectious or immune-mediated causes. Vasculitis can result in thrombocytopenia due to local platelet aggregate formation or can initiate disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), is an obligate intracellular parasite transmitted principally by the vector ticks Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni. The organism invades vascular endothelial cells leading to cell necrosis, increased vascular permeability, and perivascular hemorrhage and edema. The developing vasculitis is accompanied by thrombocytopenia and variable activation of the coagulation mechanism. Early signs may include petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages of the skin and mucous membranes, retinal hemorrhage, epistaxis, melena, and hematuria. Severely affected individuals may develop DIC. The most useful test for diagnosing RMSF is serologic testing. Although cross reactions do develop between other rickettsial organisms, the titer is usually highest for the specific rickettsia causing the infection. Paired acute and convalescent serum samples (10 to 14 days apart) are recommended for testing. Tetracycline is the recommended therapy. Intravenous fluid therapy should also be used with caution due to the presence of increased vascular permeability. Although the incidence is sporadic, herpesvirus infection can result in the rapid death of puppies usually between the ages of 7 and 21 days. The disease is characterized by multiple hemorrhages throughout numerous tissues including the liver, kidney, brain, gastrointestinal tract and lung as a consequence of a viral-induced necrotizing vasculitis. Puppies usually die within 24 hours; treatment is often unsuccessful.
Deposition of immune complexes in small vessels can cause damage to the wall with perivascular leakage of plasma and blood cells that mimics thrombocytopenia. The antigens involved in the complexes can be autoantigens or antigens of infectious agents. Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages and marked edema of affected areas are typical signs. The most well known syndrome in domestic animals is purpura hemorrhagica of horses. This syndrome is one of acute onset of edema of the head and limbs with petechiae in the mucous membranes. The syndrome is usually a sequela of infectious diseases; many affected horses have recently had Strangles (Streptococcus equi var equi infection). Horses with purpura hemorrhagica have normal platelet counts. A necrotizing vasculitis has been reported in young Beagle and Bernese Mountain dogs. Thrombocytopenia is variable in these disorders. | <urn:uuid:90acae88-a3c5-426c-8e82-f71aea9be553> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://eclinpath.com/hemostasis/disorders/vessel-wall-defects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302622.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120190514-20220120220514-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.930514 | 1,010 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Academic Dress in the United Kingdom
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
The United Kingdom has a rich tradition of academic dress, going back to mediaeval times and the foundation of England’s ancient universities. Initially, the wearing of gowns, hoods, capes and funny hats was normal behaviour, and scholars were indistinguishable from the average civilian, but, due to academics’ fondness for tradition, fear of catching a cold, and secret enjoyment of wearing women’s clothes, these practices continued virtually unaltered. Today, almost every university in Britain has a unique style of dress, used mostly at graduation ceremonies. The style of hood often allows the observer to tell what degree the wearer is being awarded, thus allowing them to respond with the appropriate amount of snobbery/flattery. In some universities, however, such dress is used frequently, usually to bait tourists and/or intimidate university servants. Some would consider such practice an anachronism, but they would, of course, be forgetting that England's entire system of education is an anachronism, and that comparatively, wearing a cape is positively modern.
The basis of most academic dress is the gown. This simple piece of cloth developed from the dressing gown, which, due to their incurable laziness, was commonly worn by most humanities students until at least 3PM. The Senate of Oxford, wishing to present a smarter image to the hordes of Japanese tourists already thronging the streets, decided in 1364 to formalise the gown as official uniform. This was seen as a good idea, and quickly adopted by the University of Cambridge too. It is also recorded as the last good idea to have come out of Oxford, and as such was an important event in the history of education in Britain. The new formal gown was plain black for undergraduates in an effort to hide beer/port/vomit/blood stains, but recipients of higher degrees were deemed responsible enough to get colourful gowns. How wrong they were.
The shape of the gown differs according to institution, degree, and, until recently, social class. Traditionally, this would have been for ease of persecution, but this is largely redundant now. Most of the time, candidates for the post of persecutee are now spotted by more subtle social signs, as opposed to a band of velvet on their clothes being 1.75 in. wide instead of 1.5 in. This is not the case universally, however. Students of the Open University still have distinctive gowns for this very purpose, as do Scottish students (see below).
Graduates of a degree are entitled to a hood corresponding to their highest degree. Under no circumstances, however, must they put the hood over their head. This is widely regarded as unacceptably chavvy, and in many universities merits expulsion. Instead the hood hangs at the back, a three foot long tangle of coloured silk, fur and tassels. This, of course, demonstrates the class and impeccable dress sense of students, worn with pride and the odd stain. Each subject has a differently coloured silk lining, again providing opportunity for snobbery and derision. Critics have, unsurprisingly, criticised these distinctions, pointing out that such a system is unfair to graduates of psychology or theology. The general consensus, however, is that said graduates ought to have thought harder about their degree choice if they wanted to avoid embarrassment.
Graduates are also entitled to the wearing of a hat, often a mortarboard. In an odious and vulgar act of waste, however, most graduates chose to throw their hat away within minutes of receiving it. The origins of this tradition are not known for certain, although one theory suggests it may have origins in “the enjoyment of watching servants sweeping a street full of hats”. Other types of hat are sometimes awarded, especially for doctors. These include the Tudor Bonnet, Pileus, Bishop Andrewes Cap and, in many ex-polytechnics, the Baseball Cap (usually emblazoned with sponsor’s logo).
In Scotland, academic gowns are traditionally red. This is most likely due to the demands of Scottish citizens themselves; in Scotland, especially Glasgow, education is seen as a dangerous thing, and people possessing it are feared intensely. Forcing students to wear highly visible clothing allows locals to stay away from such dangerous individuals, and thus not become contaminated with thoughts of "philosophy" or "science". Another interesting theory suggests differently, however. Recently unearthed evidence shows that back in England's ancient universities, red gowns were commonly issued to dunces to shame them. It is possible, and even quite likely, that the first lecturers, on arriving at the newly-established St Andrews University found the need to issue these gowns to everyone, and the tradition has been retained.
In most universities, academic dress is only worn on occasions of great ceremony, such as graduation, the installation of a new chancellor, or pub crawls. As a consequence, most students don’t own a set, but rent one as required. Most universities agree that wearing of such clothing dramatically increases students' pride in their institution, and also their academic performance. For this reason, they are only worn on completion of degrees, the rationale being that pride and academic performance are dangerous things, liable to bring students out of a state of stupor. This could even lead to them realising that they're paying £9,000 a year for half-pissed lecturers who can't even tie their own shoelaces, clearly a revelation to be avoided.
A few universities (Oxford, Cambridge, some Durham colleges) insist on the wearing of gowns by undergraduates in daily life. It is rumoured that some Oxford colleges (especially the remaining all-male ones, for some reason) insist on students wearing a gown only.
Traditionally, students at Oxford would kneel in front of the Chancellor and be tapped on the head with a bible at their graduation, purportedly to "get something into those thick skulls of theirs", according to its first Chancellor. A gentle tap, however, soon developed into one last opportunity to punish unruly students, and by the mid-sixteenth century sharpened metal "bibles" were routinely being used, with fatal results. It is believed this is why mortarboards today have a hard top, the result of an "arms-race" between students and masters. The public outcry over Plutonium-enriched bibles used in the late 1950s, and the consequent lead-lined mortarboards, eventually resulted in the discontinuation of the tradition, but mortarboards retained their hardened covering, coincidentally allowing the balancing of drinks on the head, giving students of philosophy a sense of purpose.
Historically, a major component of the gown and hood was a fur trim. This has now largely been dropped after conflict with animal rights activists. The RSPCA first complained in 1973, when the University of Life (Oxford Campus) chose to switch to artificial fur for reasons of cost. They pointed out that, for reasons unknown, baby seals often wore fur in "coats" rather than gowns. These "coats" are very uncomfortable, and people should make an effort to remove them. However, just to spite the lefty, Guardian-reading spoilsports that are animal rights activists, every university in the country pledged to drop fur from their gowns. Such a move was deeply unpopular, but was generally accepted as necessary to teach the RSPCA a lesson. Fur is now only used by a handful of students, usually the socially-conscious, vegetarian activists, and usually only to make a point.
The Burgon Society
The Burgon Society, founded in 2000, is a learned society dedicated to the study of academic dress. Membership is restricted to those who have published a significant amount of high-quality research on the subject, and, if chosen, fellows have the right to use the post-nomial FBS. Perhaps realising that the amount of material to study doesn't really warrant an entire learned society solely dedicated to it, the fellows have so far spent most of their time designing the Society's own dress. As may be expected, the full dress is exceptionally complicated, and when worn properly weighs well over 10 stone. Because the fellows are largely academics over the age of fifty, and thus unable to support such a heavy load, it is the only known set of robes to incorporate steel scaffolding and wheels. This had led to the annual meeting of the Society becoming a bit of a tourist attraction, especially watching the fellows climb two flights of stairs.
Since the design was completed in 2011, after many years of hard work, the Society has been somewhat at a loose end. Work has now started on finding a Latin name for their discipline, which is expected to take at least five years.
The Society publishes a peer-reviewed journal, The BS Transactions, widely regarded as foremost amongst publications dealing with the shape, colour and pattern of cloth in clothes worn by a fraction of the population once in their life and then discarded. As a result of the urgent nature of their research, the Charity Commission has accorded them the status of a charity, and the UK Research Council has allocated almost a quarter of its budget, as "Cancer Research is somewhat over-rated".
- ↑ Taken from Wikipedia: "Academic dress of the University of Cambridge" (June 2013). See table describing gowns.
- ↑ The Orange Gown Riots Of 1874: A Concise Analysis (OUP, 1989). Pages 3 - 1476.
- ↑ The Great Bristol Famine Of 1967 (Ladybird Picture Books, 2001). Chapter 12 (Academic Dress As A Causal Factor).
- ↑ Commoners, Plebs And Oiks: How To Identify And Destroy Them (Reader's Digest Survival Guides, 2011). Read the entire book, if you can.
- ↑ Cambridge In My Time (Stodder & Houghton, 1894). Page 57.
- ↑ To What Extent Are Scottish People All Thick? (TLS, Issue 352, 1995). Page 17.
- ↑ The Orgies Of Oxford: A Pocket Guide (Puffin Classics, 1978). Pages 46 - 63.
- ↑ A Brief History Of Baiting Lefties (OUP, 2006). Chapter 8 (Dealing With Tree-Huggers, Or Badger Culling For Dummies).
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