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Knowledge is power…so never underestimate the power of reading!
A few years ago, a 14-year old boy from Malawi borrowed a book from his local library. The book was entitled Using Energy, and from its pages William Kamkwamba created a windmill (from scrap parts) to generate electricity. The electricity he produced powered 4 lightbulbs and 2 radios for he and his family.
Books…5 million of them! What am I talking about?… Google’s Ngram Viewer allows you to search through 5 million books, throughout the centuries, and find out the frequency of word use. Here’s a fascinating and funny TED Talk about the interesting patterns we can discover from 500 billion words (found within 5 million books)!!
In 2012, Ann Morgan decided to spend a year reading a book or short story from EVERY country in the world.
According to Morgan, only about 4.5% of what’s published in the UK each year are translations, so her first obstacle was to find out if she could even access a book, in English, from all 196 countries. Check out her literary journey here!
And how about an article, written by Neil Gaiman (yes, that Neil Gaiman; author of Coraline, The Graveyard Book, and the graphic novel How to Talk to Girls at Parties, to mention just a few of his works), about the importance of fiction. He writes that fiction has two purposes; to be a gateway into reading, and to create empathy. Says Gaiman about the written word:
“…words are more important than they ever were: we navigate
the world with words, and as the world slips onto the web, we
need to follow, to communicate and to comprehend what we
are reading. People who cannot understand each other cannot
exchange ideas, cannot communicate, and translation programs only go so far.”
Ok, ok, ok…I’ve convinced you, right?
Now get out there and read! | <urn:uuid:d78604e9-c725-4454-a828-65f3b366ddad> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://sites.cdnis.edu.hk/school/uslibrary/2017/03/20/the-power-of-reading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578530176.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20190421040427-20190421062427-00184.warc.gz | en | 0.96191 | 416 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Psalm 119 is by far the longest psalm in the Book of Psalms. It is divided into twenty-two stanzas of eight lines, one stanza for each letter of the Hebrew alphabet with each of the eight verses in that stanza beginning with that respective letter.
The psalm forms a lengthy meditation on the Law. In praying this psalm, it is important that we remember that for the Hebrew people the Law is not a list of rules and regulations. Rather it is a covenant relationship - the covenant that was formed by God and the people at Sinai (Horeb) during the sojourn in the desert.
In addition, this psalm is a prayer in which the psalmist tries to capture the essence of that relationship by reminding the reader that true happiness comes through clinging to the covenant relationship as it is expressed in the Law. The Law is held up as the source of blessing and right relationship. The first two stanzas of the psalm expose this thought with the next twenty stanzas developing the thought through lament, through praise, and through prayers for deliverance, vindication and life itself.
In almost every verse of the psalm, one of eight synonyms for the Law is used (your law, word, statutes, commandments, promises, testimonies, precepts, and judgments).
Acrostic psalms are used frequently in the Book of Psalms. Psalm 119 is by far the most complex in structure. It might be helpful for us to think of its composer as a person who was putting together a very large puzzle which, when completed, reveals a God so in love with us and concerned with our happiness. As the opening verses remind us: "Blessed those whose way is blameless, who walk by the law of the LORD. Blessed those who keep his testimonies, who seek him with all their heart."
Fr. Lawrence Jagdfeld, O.F.M., Administrator | <urn:uuid:4f3b33f4-781c-4ad5-b9d7-5f3207528897> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.cusan.org/CUSA-Blogs/Administrators-Blog/ArtMID/446/ArticleID/869/Psalm-119 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251696046.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127081933-20200127111933-00197.warc.gz | en | 0.968117 | 405 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Wiring multiple outlets together
Wiring Diagram for Dual Outlets. Here 3-wire cable is run from a double-pole circuit breaker providing an independent 120 volts to two sets of multiple outlets. The neutral wire from the circuit is
shared by both sets. This wiring is commonly used in a 20 amp kitchen circuit where two appliance feeds are needed, such as for a refrigerator and a microwave in the same location. Wiring Diagram for Multiple Switched Outlets. This diagram shows the wiring for multiple switched outlets on one switch. The source for the circuit is at the switch and 2 … Conventional Light Switch Wiring. With conventional light switch wiring using NM cable, a NM cable supplies line voltage from
the electrical panel to a light switch outlet box. Another NM cable connects from this switch box to the light fixture box. Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and cable types and sizes are
specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restrictions on the A common misconception when doing receptacle wiring is that, when you daisy-chain them in a circuit, you're wiring them in series. You're actually wiring them in parallel, and that's a whole different thing. Plenty of home improvement and remodeling projects require either new wiring or replacements for old, worn, or fried connections. For extensive work, it is obviously best to hire an electrician, but some projects might be within the skill level of the average DIYer. Plastic boxes and flexible nonmetallic cable (commonly called Romex) put electrical wiring projects within the skill range of
every dedicated DIYer. In this article, we’ll show you some house wiring basics—how to position outlet and switch boxes and run electrical cable between them. We won’t MµCord™ Breakthrough in Low EMF Wiring!! Exclusively from The EMF Safety SuperStore! At last, we are proud to offer wiring which actually reduces EMF emissions to extremely low levels. Household electrical work can be an intimidating thing for many homeowners. It's important to have a good understanding when wiring. Our pole-mounted meter. The wires on the left provide power to the meter, the black load wire on the right goes back up the pole and connects to the duplex utility feed or “drop” which connects to the house wiring at the weather head. | <urn:uuid:acf888ed-78a5-4653-9521-db2d7981db60> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://46.julia-woehlert.de/thread/wiring_multiple_outlets_together.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257497.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20190524024253-20190524050253-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.910802 | 520 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Algae Bioenergy Solutions Inc., has been producing algae for six months in a warehouse on Bettis Academy Road, perfecting its process before expanding to a $1.4 million operation.
According to Chuck Pardue, the company’s president, oil can be extracted from the algae and turned into biodiesel. The company is growing algae in 1,800-gallon vats under LED lights. When the algae is mature, the vats are set out to evaporate and the algae residue is scraped out and dried for extraction.
The company is taking things one step at a time, Pardue said, and now that they know they can grow the algae they are moving on to perfect the drying and extraction processes.
“Ultimately, we’d like to replace soybean oil altogether,” he said.
The cost to produce the product has decreased significantly. Three years ago, it cost $500 per ton of algae to extract the oil. Today, the cost is about $10 per ton.
“That’s going to be the key, keeping the cost down,” Pardue said.
Algae grows by consuming carbon dioxide and nutrients and produces oxygen as a byproduct. Algae Bioengery Solutions believes there is great potential in working with industrial companies to turn their carbon dioxide waste into oxygen while feeding the algae and producing green energy.
Pardue is an attorney, specializing in military law, and energy independence is something he believes in strongly.
“It’s going to reduce the cause of a lot of the major wars,” he said. “Rather than just complaining, we’re doing something about it.”
The company will receive some tax credits and incentives from the government, and the Navy is a major supporter of the industry, but Pardue said the company wants to try for self-sufficiency as much as possible.
“We want to do this completely free of subsidies in order to be truly sustainable,” he said. | <urn:uuid:ac294059-61a7-4178-aaee-7ffe02ca7b9d> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://chronicle.augusta.com/news/business/local-business/2012-06-26/graniteville-company-turning-algae-energy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386165000886/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204135000-00016-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959676 | 423 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Tips For The African American Community To Maintain Good Health
You do not have to stop eating chocolate cake or start running marathons to improve your health. Making small but steady changes in your eating and physical activity habits, over time, may help you lose weight if you need to, feel better, and improve your health.
The information below can help you start to change your physical activity and eating habits. When you make changes to improve your health, you may also move your friends and family to do the same.
Am I overweight?
Overweight and obesity in adults can be defined using the body mass index (BMI), a tool that measures weight in relation to height. The table
on the next page shows how BMI calculation works. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 refers to a healthy weight, a BMI of 25 to 29.9 refers to overweight, and a BMI of 30 or higher refers to obesity.
What if I think I look fine?
Even if you are considered overweight according to charts and measures, you may like the size and shape of your body and not want to lose weight. Your friends and family may think you look great too. But the health benefits of getting fit and eating well are clear. Once you decide to lose weight, your loved ones may want to join you on your journey to better health.
Am I risking my health by being
Being overweight can be dangerous to your health. If you are considered overweight or obese, you are more likely to develop:
• type 2 diabetes
• high blood pressure
• heart disease
• certain forms of cancer
You can help lower your risk for many health problems by losing weight. Losing 5 to 10 percent of your body weight can help improve your health. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, losing 10 to 20 pounds may help lower your blood pressure and cholesterol level. Slow and steady weight loss of 1/2 to 2 pounds per week is the safest way to lose weight.
How do I start to lose weight and
improve my health?
You may find it helpful to participate in a weight-loss program. If so, talk with a health care professional about controlling your weight before you decide on a program. Doctors do not always address issues such as healthy eating, physical activity, and weight management during general office visits.
It is important for you to start the discussion in order to get
the information you need. Even if you feel uncomfortable talking about your weight with your doctor, remember that he or she is there
to help you improve your health.When you are ready to start toward a healthy weight and improve your health, try to:
• Be more physically active.
• Eat healthier.
Be More Physically Active
Regular, moderate-intensity physical activity can be fun and help you feel great. When you share physical activity with your friends and family,
it can also be a social event. Perhaps members of your church or place of worship would be interested in starting an exercise program at the
place where you gather.Make it your goal to try to do at least 30 minutes
of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week. You may need to be physically active for more than 30 minutes a day to help you lose and keep off extra weight.
Note: If you are a man over age 40 or a woman over age 50, or if you have chronic health problems such as heart disease, high blood
pressure, diabetes, osteoporosis, or obesity, talk to your doctor before starting a vigorous physical activity program.
What is moderate-intensity physical
Examples of moderate-intensity physical activity
• Walking 2 miles in 30 minutes.
• Bicycling 5 miles in 30 minutes.
• Dancing fast for 30 minutes.
Sometimes starting and sticking with a physical activity program can be a challenge. Figuring out how to beat your physical activity roadblocks may make it easier for you to get and stay active.
Beat your physical activity roadblocks!
If you… Then try…
- Do not have child care. Sharing physical activities such as walking, biking, or playing tag with your child each day.
- Do not have time or are too busy to be physically active.
- Doing 10 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity three times a day, or putting more energy than normal into activities like housework, yard work, and playing with the kids.
- Do not like or do not want to exercise.
- Doing something you enjoy, like dancing to the radio or planning active outings with a friend, family member, or group.
- Do not feel safe being physically active in your neighborhood.
- Forming a group of people to walk, jog, or bike together, working out with videos in your home, or walking in a shopping mall.
Tips for Active Women
You can be active and still keep your hairstyle. Talk to your hair stylist about a hair care routine and style that fit your active life. You might try
• a natural hairstyle
• a style that can be wrapped or pulled back
• a short haircut
• braids, twists, or locs
Tips for Active Men
Sometimes even the most active guys can be sidelined by lack of time, loss of motivation, and even injury. Here are some ways to keep men
• All types of activity count. In addition to “working out,” activities like chores, walking the dog, and playing outside with the kids
add to your daily total.
• When you do work out, think of it as three parts: the warm-up, the workout, and the cool-down. Warm up by moving your
muscles for 5 to 10 minutes. For example,
try jumping jacks or push-ups. Now you are
ready to work out. Finally, cool down by walking slowly for 5 to 10 minutes. Do light stretching after your warm-up and cool-down
routines. This may help keep you injury-free.
• Try going to the gym with a friend. Or get some friends together for a pick-up basketball or soccer game. Working out with friends
may help keep you motivated to stay active. Signing up for a charitable 5K walk or run may also keep you motivated and on track.
When you begin to change your eating habits to
improve your health, try to:
• Make healthier food choices.
• Eat just enough food for you.
Make Healthier Food Choices
A healthy eating plan includes a variety of foods
from every food group.
Every 5 years, the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services and the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) jointly release a publication
on dietary guidelines. The guidelines encourage Americans over 2
years of age to eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. Recommended items include
fruits, vegetables, fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, nuts, and whole grains such as brown rice
and whole-wheat bread. The guidelines also recommend a diet low in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars. Making healthy food choices may seem difficult when you do not have time to cook or your family wants fast food. However, you and your
family and friends can make healthier food
Try these tips:
• Keeping a bowl of fruit on the table, bags of
mini carrots in the refrigerator, and boxes of
raisins in the cupboard are simple ways to eat
more fruits and vegetables.
• Try not to keep a lot of sweets like cookies, candy, or soda in the house, car, or workplace. Too many sweets can crowd out healthier foods.
• If you do go to a fast food restaurant, try a salad or a grilled
chicken sandwich (not fried) instead of a burger.
Social gatherings can be tricky when you are trying to make
healthy choices. Try these ideas:
• Encourage members of your place of worship to bring healthier
food options to events.
• Watch the amount of alcohol you drink. Alcohol contains no
nutrients but plenty of calories. If you want to drink alcohol,
try a light beer or a low-calorie spritzer (small amount of wine
added to club soda).
*For more information about healthy eating plans, see the
“ChooseMyPlate” listing under the Additional Resources section at
the end of this fact sheet.
Do I need to drink milk?
A healthy eating plan includes a variety of foods that provide all of
the nutrients the body needs. Milk is a good source of calcium. If
you cannot digest lactose (the sugar found in milk), there are ways
you can get calcium without drinking milk.
• Drink low-fat or fat-free “lactose-reduced” milk, or calcium fortified soy-based beverages.
• Choose low-fat yogurt or reduced-fat hard cheeses like low-fat
• Eat dark leafy vegetables like collard greens or kale.
• Eat canned fish with soft bones like salmon.
Eat Just Enough for You
A healthy eating plan calls for making healthy food choices and
eating just enough for you. Larger amounts of food have more
calories. Eating more calories than your body needs may lead to
weight gain. Learning about the serving sizes of foods can help you eat just enough for you. Try to measure your food for a few days. This can
help you learn to recognize what one serving of a food, such as 1/2
cup of rice, looks like on your plate.To lose weight, learn to eat fewer
calories. Do this by selecting foods that are lower in fat and calories
from each food group.
For example, choose low-fat cheese and extra lean meat. Also, choose plenty of vegetables. They are lower in calories and fat than other foods and can help you feel full.
Keeping Your New Habits
The path to improving your eating and physical activity habits is not easy. But do not give up. Remember, sensible eating and regular physical activity, followed over time, are key to a healthy body, mind, and spirit!
Remember, sensible eating and regular physical activity,
followed over time, are key to a healthy body, mind, and spirit! | <urn:uuid:9364bad2-83fd-40e3-86b3-949bf3ab801e> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://stlouisblackpagesblog.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/tips-for-the-african-american-community-to-maintain-good-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742978.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116045735-20181116071735-00388.warc.gz | en | 0.93744 | 2,171 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Updated at 2016-05-10 00:58:00 UTC
We need first to look more broadly at U.S. history, and second to remind ourselves that racial subordination was not primarily a matter of private arranging but essentially a matter of public policy. It was a brutally cruel, repressive, and exploitative system of racial subjugation.
Black Female Cadets Under Investigation for 'Raised Fist' Picture at West PointBlack Female Cadets Under Investigation for 'Raised Fist' Picture at West Point -
US military officials are investigating an image of 16 black female cadets in uniform with their fists raised, which some say is a political act associated with African-Americans' quest for fair treatment under the law in the United States.
The photo came under scrutiny when concerns were raised that the pose violates West Point's honor code, which mirrors the Defense Department's federal Hatch Act, in that it prohibits members of the military to participate in political activities while in uniform.
The raised-fist image is now closely associated with the #BlackLivesMatter movement, which swept the country in the wake of several high-profile police killings of unarmed black men. The image picked up some traffic online, and drew criticism that the woman were expressing support for the movement, which is critical of law enforcement. For example, one twitter user under the slogan "BlueLivesMatter" — a counter slogan supporting police — was incensed. "Expel them and force them to repay their tuition" she wrote.
John Burk, an Iraq war veteran, former drill sergeant and self-described "fitness motivator,"wrote in a blog post that "this overt display of the black lives matter movement is not, in itself wrong, but to do so while in uniform is completely unprofessional and not in keeping with what the USMA stands for."
"No one dares speak up in public against them due to being accused of being racist," Burk went on. "What happens when... cadets identify with a group that has been known for inflicting violent protest throughout various parts of the United States, calling for the deaths of police officers, and even going as for to call for the deaths of white Americans."
Burk added, in an email to the New York Times, that he had disciplined soldiers for making Nazi salutes in photos in the past, and that he couldn't see how the raised fist was any different.
"The fact that it could offend someone by its usage qualifies it as a symbol that goes against Army policies," Burk wrote. "It's not the fact that they are wrong for having their beliefs, it's the fact they did it while in uniform."
West Point Spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Kasker told the Associated Press on Saturday that West Point is investigating whether the photo broke rules, and that it's too soon to say what consequences could be in store for the cadets. All 16 are set to graduate later this month on May 21. Kasker could not say how long the inquiry will take.
Brenda Sue Fulton, a West Point alumni from 1989 and now chairwoman of the US Military Academy's Board of Visitors, told VICE News that the "old corps photo" is a long-held tradition at the academy. Different groups of cadets get together on their own and pose for photos to "mimic the high-collar, ultra-serious photos of 19th century cadets." Fulton added that she was not speaking as a representative of the US Military Academy, but as a West Point alum who knows several of the women in the picture.
"The context that people place on this photo has more to do with who they are than who these women are," Fulton said. "They're celebrating the completion of a very difficult course of study. The pride and sense of triumph that cadets feel as they set out on their army careers. There was nothing political about this photo." She added that the women took "dozens" of photos — and she tweeted her favorite, with the tagline "Fearless, flawless and fierce."
Fulton also points out that there's another tradition at West Point, wherein cadets raise their fists whenever the "Army Strong" theme from the recruitment commercials is played (as demonstrated in the video below). "It is unfortunate that a black first has a different connotation to a white fist," Fulton said. "It's not what these young women intended."
Fulton acknowledges that she, too, recognizes the symbolism separating white fists from black fists, and that's why she chose not to tweet that photo. "I knew it was their expression of pride and unity, but I am old enough to know that it would be interpreted negatively by many white observers. Unfortunately, in their youth and exuberance, they didn't stop to think that it might have any political context, or any meaning other than their own feeling of triumph."
Mary Tobin, another West Point graduate, Iraq War veteran, and mentor for the students, told the New York Times that "These ladies weren't raising their fist to say Black Panthers. They were raising it to say Beyoncé." But Beyoncé, too, recently landed in hot water after her performance at this year's Super Bowl halftime show. Critics of the performance were outraged, and accused the singer of using the show to make a "racist" political statement, listing as evidence: That Beyonce and her dancers gave the Black Power salute onstage, were dressed in costumes reminiscent of the Black Panther movement, and her music video for "Formation" taps into some of the issues at the the heart of the Black Lives Matter movement.
Tobin dove a little deeper into the issue in a personal essay posted on Facebook.
"When I first saw the photograph a few weeks ago" Tobin wrote, "I put my face in my hands and thought to myself, "Why would they do this?""
"I simply thought, "if this gets out, it could threaten their graduation dates or hurt their careers. No matter what way we slice it, if a black person displays 'the fist,' it is immediately associated with being a symbol of either pride or racism."Fulton acknowledges that she, too, recognizes the symbolism separating white fists from black fists, and that's why she chose not to tweet that photo. "I knew it was their expression of pride and unity, but I am old enough to know that it would be interpreted negatively by many white observers. Unfortunately, in their youth and exuberance, they didn't stop to think that it might have any political context, or any meaning other than their own feeling of triumph."
No amount of education, op-eds, or documentaries about what "the fist" means to the black community, she goes on, has been able to absolve it of "the perception that it means 'Black people hate white people.'"
Tobin, also a black woman who graduated from West Point, urges readers who are neither black nor female to understand "how it felt to be a double minority in a white male dominated institution that didn't even allow women to attend until 1976."
"And even now, I cannot explain what it feels like to stand with 15 of your sisters out of a class of 1,000, knowing that you did it... You are going to graduate despite the sexism, the racism, the classicism, and the ignorance you experienced and you did it — together."
Greg Greiner, a military law expert, told the Army Times that the women could be disciplined, even if they were just "messing around" or if the photo was an example of "group think."
"My experience with military justice and the way discipline is handled, is that intent doesn't always matter 100 percent," Greiner said. "Sometimes the actions themselves are enough to bring discredit." It all depends, Greiner says, how much leadership feels that "good order and discipline" had been violated.No amount of education, op-eds, or documentaries about what "the fist" means to the black community, she goes on, has been able to absolve it of "the perception that it means 'Black people hate white people.'" | <urn:uuid:28740ae8-4666-4625-920a-bd91b17c29a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://global-gathering.com/opinions/187 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824618.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021062002-20171021082002-00016.warc.gz | en | 0.978307 | 1,668 | 2.671875 | 3 |
What is FIV?
Feline Immune Deficiency or FIV is a viral infection of cats first isolated in California in 1986. Many people confuse FIV with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV). Although these diseases are both retroviruses and cause many similar secondary conditions FeLV and FIV are different diseases.
Is my indoor cat safe from FIV?
Because of the contagious nature of this disease, it is advisable to know the status of cats you live with. Though not at all contagious to humans, it is transmitted from cat to cat by means of deep bite wounds. While outdoor cats have a tendency to fight, increasing the risk of infection, indoor cats are not immune.
Can FIV be treated?
Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral treatment for FIV. Cats can carry the virus for a long time before symptoms appear. Treatment is used to prolong asymptomatic periods and to prevent the secondary effects of the virus.
Why test my cat for FIV?
The first reason is to learn your cat’s FIV status. This will impact your decisions about the cat’s lifestyle and whether or not to add another cat to your family.
Does testing cats help prevent FIV?
The best way to keep your cat from contracting the virus is to keep him indoors, avoiding any chance of contact with infected felines. If your cat is going to be spending any time with other cats make sure all cats have tested negative for FIV. Also, a recently adopted cat should be tested for FIV prior to entering your home.
Hopefully your cat will test negative. If your cat is considered to be at high risk, you may want to discuss FIV vaccination with your veterinarian. Unfortunately, once cats have been vaccinated, the FIV antibody test cannot distinguish antibodies due to infection from those produced as a result of the vaccine.
If you have any questions or concerns, you should always visit or call your veterinarian -- they are your best resource to ensure the health and well-being of your pets. | <urn:uuid:3451de60-e02f-4222-b776-21d3f1d7a10f> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.pethealthnetwork.com/node/1599 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583510853.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20181016155643-20181016181143-00032.warc.gz | en | 0.933332 | 419 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Education
John Mann finds his encounter with a Blackwell Companion most educational.
What is it to be well-educated? How should we impart wisdom and knowledge to the young? Such questions are as old as philosophy and have been the concern of philosophers since ancient times. Do the forty-five articles in this book provide a comprehensive guide to philosophical thinking about education, as the dust jacket claims?
The book is broken into four parts: Historical and Contemporary Movements (Stoicism, Humanism, Romanticism etc); Teaching and Learning (Teaching Science, Teaching Elementary Arithmetic through Application, Teaching Literature etc); The Politics and Ethics of Schooling (Multicultural Education, Children’s Rights, Sex Education etc) and Higher Education (Academic Freedom, The Ethics of Research, Affirmative Action in Higher Education etc). The book forms part of the Blackwell Companion series, which also features such books as A Companion to Ethics, A Companion to Aesthetics, and A Companion to Epistemology.
The purpose of each essay is to introduce the reader to a particular topic, and provide a list of books for further reading. If you were interested in Romanticism and education for example you might want to read Frederick C. | <urn:uuid:8d36652e-fce9-425a-9a7a-b5db002b0717> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://philosophynow.org/issues/52/Blackwell_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_Education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223203235.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032003-00347-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94183 | 256 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Common Raven / Cuervo
Maximum size: 64 cm
They live in wastelands, moorlands, pastures, and meadows on the mountains,
and on cliffs, sandy areas, mobile dunes, and scrubs with junipers on the
They are omnivores. They eat insects, cereals, fruits, waste and carrion,
as well as small animals.
They overfly lagoon and riverbanks looking for prey, generally insects,
They are widespread all over the world. In the Canary Islands the subspecies
Canariensis is considered to be in danger of extinction. | <urn:uuid:67f88fcf-538e-4a4e-a7b6-bf4a9369be93> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://waste.ideal.es/corvuscorax.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267161661.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925143000-20180925163400-00430.warc.gz | en | 0.871733 | 128 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Paranoid, Isolated, Nuclear
The most dangerous member of the Nuclear Club (the eight nations known to have nuclear weapons) may well be its newest, the often belligerent and utterly isolated North Korea. Ruled since 1948 by three generations of the despotic and eccentric Kim family, the country has more recently suffered a humanitarian crisis of epic proportions. Defectors have told of a backward and depleted nation whose people are fed lies about the world outside its boundaries.
The man who would become North Korea’s founding father was born in 1912, two years into the 35-year occupation of his country by the Japanese. Kim Il-sung briefly fought against the invaders in the 1930s before fleeing to the Soviet Union. He returned in 1945, and in 1948 was installed as North Korea’s head of state. The young upstart quickly consolidated his power, and over the proceeding decades he became not just a feared despot but also something of a godhead in the country, where he was known as the Great Leader. Cultures often believe their doctrine has divine origin, and North Koreans allegedly considered Kim infallible, clairvoyant and capable of controlling even the weather.
Kim considered the U.S. to be North Korea’s eternal enemy, and that hostility exploded in 1950 when the dictator sent troops streaming across the 38th parallel to attack his U.S.-backed southern neighbor. (The consummate propagandist, Kim would insist he had been attacked first.) The Korean War, which ended in a ceasefire in 1953, marked the first serious conflict of the Cold War and involved directly or by proxy all of the late 20th century’s major players, including the United Nations, China and the Soviet Union.
The war between North Korea and South Korea, which were separated at the end of World War II, became a microcosm of Cold War divisions. When Kim Il-sung’s troops reached Pusan in South Korea, U.S.-led allied forces finally halted them. A counterattack placed allied boots as far north as the Chinese frontier, and the Chinese and Soviets entered the conflict.
In the early 1950s the U.S. had a small though diminishing nuclear advantage over the Soviets, which led some officials, including General Douglas MacArthur, to consider using atomic weapons against the Moscow-backed North Koreans. The U.S. sent a nuclear-armed bomber wing to the region in August 1950, and that November President Harry S. Truman announced that the U.S. was considering using nuclear weapons in Korea. The world recoiled in disgust, Truman backtracked, and the war soon settled into a rather conventional stalemate along the 38th parallel.
Though a truce was never signed, a ceasefire ended the worst of the hostilities in 1953. Today the border between the countries remains one of the most heavily militarized regions on earth. North Korea’s current ruler, Kim’s grandson Kim Jong-un, shows little evidence that he wants to decrease tensions on the peninsula.
Sometimes called the Forgotten War because it was so quickly eclipsed by the conflicts in Vietnam, the Korean War lasted three years and during that time robbed the peninsula of some 3 million lives. After the war’s bloody back-and-forth, involving American and U.N. forces in South Korea and a million Chinese “volunteers” fighting alongside the North Koreans, the front lines resettled where they’d been on the first day of the war, along the 38th parallel.
The stalemate along the 38th parallel was the setting for the television comedy M*A*S*H, which focused on an American mobile army surgical hospital unit near the front lines. Inspired by the 1970 film and 1968 novel of the same name, the show ran for 11 seasons (1972–1983), lasting four times longer than the conflict in which it was set. The series, starring Alan Alda as Captain Benjamin Franklin “Hawkeye” Pierce, portrayed a military that was bureaucratic, heartless and often inept. M*A*S*H arrived on the airwaves, with its antiwar and anti-militaristic message, at a time when many Americans, following years of protests, were turning against the ongoing Vietnam War. A record-breaking 125 million people watched the show’s final episode, “Goodbye, Farewell and Amen.”
In April 2012 North Korea celebrated the centenary of the birth of Kim Il-sung, the Great Leader. Kim spent nearly five decades ruling the country with an iron fist, fundamentally altering its economy, its culture and even its spiritual belief system. The philosophical engine behind these changes was Juche, an idea invented by Kim in 1955. Meaning “I, myself,” Juche is a philosophy of radical self-reliance, and it would become the justification for the country’s self-imposed isolation.
The dictator was succeeded by his son, Kim Jong-il, born in Siberia in 1941, though the state mythmakers give his birthplace as a Lincolnesque log cabin on the Korean holy mountain Paektu, over which a double rainbow appeared as the heavens celebrated his birth. Jong-il’s rule was no less tyrannical than his father’s, and he supported an army 1.1 million men strong, the fourth largest in the world, even while his country suffered a devastating famine in the 1990s. A gourmand with a taste for French wines and Hennessy X.O. cognac, the diminutive autocrat sported an iconic pompadour and kept a harem known as the Pleasure Brigade. Jong-il, who died in 2011, was succeeded in power by his son Jong-un.
Director Robert Altman had years of experience working in television when he made his name with the 1970 film M*A*S*H. The dark comedy starred Donald Sutherland and Elliott Gould as army doctors stationed near the front lines of the Korean War. The film is heavy with political overtones, though the commentary is less on the brutality of war or the Korean conflict than on the inanity of military bureaucracy. Based on a 1968 novel, the movie inspired the long-running TV show of the same name, which in turn engendered two spinoffs.
Kim Jong-il was a rabid cinephile who owned perhaps 20,000 movies. He was a fan of Elizabeth Taylor and such Hollywood schlock as Friday the 13th (1980), First Blood (1982) and the James Bond movies. In 1978 Kim Jong-il arranged the kidnapping of South Korea’s most famous director, Shin Sang-ok, and his wife. Shin directed seven movies during his eight years in captivity, including cult classic Pulgasari, a big-budget monster movie. Kim also directed films, mostly in the propaganda genre, and has been featured as a character in several Western pictures. In 2004’s Team America: World Police a marionette version of the Korean despot attempts to bomb the world.
North Korea, which has a long, murky history with nuclear weapons, first signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1985, though it barred international inspectors from visiting its reactors until 1992. The inspectors immediately discovered that plutonium was missing. A game of diplomatic cat and mouse ensued until, just months after his father’s death, Kim Jong-il signed the Agreed Framework (1994) with the U.S. His country would curb its nuclear program, and its erstwhile nemesis would provide much-needed fuel oil.
Within a few years North Korea had broken the agreement and tested intermediate-range missiles. In 2002 U.S. President George W. Bush declared North Korea, Iran and Iraq an axis of evil. Infuriated, North Korea sneered that it had been producing heavy uranium since 1998 and withdrew from the NPT entirely, conducting nuclear tests in 2006 and 2009. Not long after Kim Jong-il’s death, his son agreed to allow inspectors back into the country, but in February 2013, North Korea claimed to have executed another successful nuclear test. The nuclear weapons capability of the unstable and quarrelsome country, which makes a great deal of money trafficking in illegal arms, remains a frightening prospect.
North Korea has always considered itself proudly self-reliant, a fantasy that fell apart in the 1990s when the Soviet Union, Pyongyang’s largest benefactor, disintegrated. Kim Jong-il had just taken over from his late father when outside aid slowed to a trickle. The country’s already weak economy faltered, and throughout the next decade a million North Koreans—a 10th of the population—died of starvation. Thousands of hungry refugees crossed into China, bringing with them desperate stories of shuttered factories, villages that were little more than ghost towns and orphans scavenging for food.
Barbara Demick’s Nothing to Envy tells such stories through the eyes of six North Korean defectors. The book takes its title from a line in a children’s song—“We have nothing to envy in the world”—and indeed until recently many inhabitants of this isolated country believed that, as bad as they had it, things were worse elsewhere. One woman who returns from China tells her mother, “Your general [Kim Jong-il] has turned you all into idiots.” And yet, Demick reports, many defectors long to return. They worry about the family left behind and are bewildered by a modern world filled with unfamiliar computers, ATMs and cell phones. | <urn:uuid:8efe71c7-9e6f-4fba-853a-de0ed911ccbd> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.mediander.com/culturemap/North-Korea-Paranoid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948604248.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218025050-20171218051050-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.972897 | 1,984 | 2.71875 | 3 |
WASP BIOLOGY ^
Paper wasps vary in color. Some are black, yellow or red and others can be black and red or even brown and red. In other words, they come in many different colors. This video shows one of the more commonly seen species and was shot in the early spring.
This next video features wasps filmed close up as they emerge from a Fescue Lawn.
WHERE TO WASPS BUILD NESTS?
Wasps can build nests on homes, under soffits, behind sidings or window shutters and just about anyplace which provides some type of shelter from the elements. These nests are usually small in size and population. Many times wasp nests are in cracks of wood and cannot be seen. Here the wasp will nest in between siding, insulation and any other void they can find underneath soffits, around gutters and windows.
ARE WASPS NATURALLY AGGRESSIVE?
Paper wasps do not fly as fast as bald faced hornets and are generally not as aggressive. If activity is high, just watch from a distance and chances are you will quickly locate where the main nest sight is located or hidden. Paper wasps are also very curious. It is quite common to find them flying around people since they are attracted to moisture and sweet odors. Also, most wasps have good eyes and will catch you approaching once you get within 10 feet of them.
WHAT DO WASPS LIKE?
They will readily fly toward sweat, perfume, food, flowers, dead insects and other things commonly found around the home. In fact, wasps can become quite a pest – even if you are just trying to sit out on your deck or around the pool. For this reason they are generally considered to be a pest when active around the home and most people don’t like seeing them when outside.
WHEN ARE WASPS A PROBLEM?
For most people, seeing wasps around the yard is a problem. Typically this will start in the spring and once they establish a flight pattern for the season, they’ll repeat their traveling path all summer and fall. Ultimately many species of wasps will look to overwinter or hibernate on building and this is when they can become a problem inside the home. And obviously when they form a nest on a home or nest up underneath a homes siding they can be a present danger to anyone who gets too close.
MECHANICAL WASP KILLERS ^
So the simplest way to deal directly with any wasp in the home is the use of a HAND HELD ZAPPER. This device is great for all types of insects like mosquitoes, flies and spiders but is particularly effective on wasps. Simply touch the electric grid to any wasp and it will instantly die from the mild electrocution. This “Electric Swatter” is quite effective and since you don’t actually “swat” the target, there is no mess.
WASP REPELLENTS ^
To keep wasps away from the home, you can try using a visual deterrent as well as wasp repellent spray and dust.
First, installing FAKE WASP NESTS in areas where wasps are foraging will drive them elsewhere as long as these are installed in early spring. These nests look like the real thing and wasps will generally avoid nest locations inhabited by other wasps. Keep in mind these will not work if installed mid season nor will they help route wasps away from flowers, grass or your pool. These are only intended to help prevent nesting in the immediate area where installed.
These fake nests pose no hazard to people or pets and can be hung from any piece of furniture, tree or plant. Set at least one out for every 5000 sq/ft of yard and they will help minimize the local wasp activity too.
THE BEST WASP REPELLENTS ^
For better results, use a spray or dust. We have two spray options that wasps don’t like and when applied to the home, they’ll detect its present and stay away.
The first is NBS which uses essential plant oils as its active. These ingredients are highly repellent to insects like carpenter bees, wasps and ants. This product can be sprayed on surfaces or added to paint or stain. When mixed with paint or stain, it’s able to “lock in” and provide a year or more of protection. When used as a spray, it will last 30 days keeping away most any insect pest including wasps. Keep in mind is essentially an “organic” approach as the NBS will not kill or impact any insect; it will just repel them from the area.
To use as a spray, add 3 oz per gallon of water and spray the mixture over 500 sq/ft of surface area once a month. When added to paint or exterior stain, add 16 oz to every 5 gallons of paint or stain and use every time you apply a new coat.
If you want something stronger, go with CYPERMETHRIN. This is a traditional pesticide and will do a better job of repelling them. Treatments will last longer too. Mix 1 oz per gallon of water and spray over 500 sq/ft of surface area. Expect to get 30-45 days of protection per treatment and renew the application during the spring, summer and fall.
LONGEST LASTING WASP REPELLENT ^
Now as good as Cypermethrin is at repelling wasps, DRIONE DUST is even better. Considered to be “the best” because a single treatment can last a year or more, Drione is highly repellent to most any insect and therefore where Drione is applied, insects will not go. For this reason Drione is ideally suited for pests like wasps.
Drione is also highly effective when used to directly treat any nest you can reach. For exposed paper wasp or bald faced hornet nests, Drione will provide instant control. This can be important if you have several nests to treat and can’t wait for the non-repellent sprays listed below to their job.
To use Drione effectively for wasps, you’ll want to get some into every crack and crevice you can find on the home. Typically this will be up under siding, along facia boards, behind gutters, behind shutters, around window frames, etc. If the home has vinyl or aluminum siding, you’ll want to get some dust behind the siding too.
As you can tell from the video above, the dust naturally finds it’s way into cracks, crevices and voids where wasps like to nest and roost. It will cling to surfaces making it impossible for wasps to walk or use the area forcing them to go elsewhere. A great place to apply it is through cracks and seams of decks. Though these small gaps may look too tight for any insect to enter, they actually make prime locations for many pests to hide and make nests.
Drione goes a long way too. The average 2500 sq/ft home would expect to need just 1-2 lbs of dust applied to its exterior. So if the home is mostly brick or stucco and you only have trim areas to treat, 1 lb will be plenty. But if the home uses some kind of siding like vinyl or cedar shakes, expect to use 2 lbs or more. Be sure to get all cracks and crevices when dusting don’t worry about any dust left on surfaces after being applied. It will naturally blow away over time and won’t be a hazard.
To apply the drione, you’ll need a good duster. We have several options available. The simplest is used in your hand and designed for when the treatment is within reach. This duster is easy to use and is considered a standard for anyone doing regular pest control. The CRUSADER has been around a long time and comes with both a 6″ and 12″ long extension.
Since facia boards, gutters, roof lines and most any type of siding can provide similar ideal nest locations, you may have to reach up 10 feet or more. To help do the work without having to climb a ladder, consider any of the following dusters.
The first is the DUST-R . This model has a large dust canister and because of its length, will let you reach 3-4 feet up and above will reach up is ideal for when you have a lot of treating to do. It features a large dust tank which cuts down on how much time you need to spend filling it.
If you need higher reach, the LONG REACH DUST-R might be the better choice. It’s essentially the same unit as the Dust-R but it comes with a series of extensions which enable the applicator to reach over 12 feet up while standing on the ground. Of course you can use it while standing on a ladder for additional coverage.
For the highest reach, the DUSTICK is the ideal tool for the job. It features 4 extensions which can be used one at a time or all together. Combined with the dust canister on top and the pump assembly on the bottom, you will be able to treat locations over 25 feet high while standing on the ground. When you have a lot of facia boards and trim on the home and wasps are penetrating through such locations, Drione Dust applied with one of these dusters is the best bet for long term control. It will kill them on contact as well as repel them so they don’t return. It’s also strong enough to dry up the eggs as well as the pupae stages so it’s worth covering as much area as possible when treating. Remember, Drione dust lasts a long time and will stay in the void providing wasp control for several months. And since it will control just about any pest, it’s by far the best, long lasting product to apply around the home for all kinds of pest control. No doubt it takes a bit more work to use it but in the end, dusting is well worth the effort.
In fact fall treatments for wasps are important since many species will hibernate on structures like homes and sheds. The following spring they will emerge and tend to start new colonies in areas close to where they over winter and hibernate. If you have seen a lot of wasps collecting on the outside of your building in any fall, it would be smart to prevent this from happening in the future by treating with Drione. This is the only way to stop future invasions because once this pattern starts, it won’t stop. In other words, it will get worse and worse from year to year because wasps will be “scenting” your home (leaving pheromones) that will attract more wasps. The following video shows what this looks like when fall arrives and wasps start to “gather” for winter hibernation.
WHAT ABOUT THE ATTIC?
No doubt attic spaces will be used by wasps too so if you want to keep them out of this area, apply Drione using DUSTIN MIZER. This tool will let you blow the dust out over the space effectively blanketing all surfaces without having to do much walking. The Dustin Mizer will project the dust 20 feet or more and since Drione will last at least a year, you only need to apply it once a season.
HOW TO TREAT WASP NESTS ^
If you have active nests in a tree or on the home, there are a few ways they can be treated. The most common way is to use a hornet and wasp freeze. When nests are visible and easy to reach, this can be effective. Be sure to use a strong formulation – especially when dealing with Bald Faced Hornets.
In fact Bald Faced hornets are actually wasps too. They are black with white or yellow stripes around their thorax and abdomen. They’re about one inch long, can fly very fast and can get quite aggressive if you get close to their nest. Bald faced hornets create a large football shaped nest which is grey and oval. It ranges from softball to beach ball size and nests can form from early summer right through to fall.
These nests are made from cellulose (wood and plant material) and are quite strong as well as weatherproof. Likely nest sights include trees, shrubs and around overhangs of buildings. If you can get within 10 feet of the nest, you should be able to treat it with the WASP FREEZE. But to be safe, liquid treating with CYPERMETHRIN and SPREADER STICKER is the way to go.
Now if you can’t reach the nest well with the freeze, go with Cypermethrin and Spreader Sticker. Add 1 oz of Cypermethrin and 1 oz of Spreader Sticker per gallon of water and using a good PUMP SPRAYER, saturate the nest in the evening just before dark.
Cypermethrin is strong enough to knock down any wasp but if you still see activity the day after you treat, do another application the following night.
Be sure to add 1 oz of Spreader Sticker to the tank mix. This material helps the Cypermethrin penetrate and “spread” much faster leading to a faster death of all treated pests.
You will need a good PUMP SPRAYER to make the application when treating nests and our heavy duty sprayer can reach up 20 feet or more when using the pin stream tip insert.
For even higher reach, use a HOSE END SPRAYER. This uses the power of your garden hose to reach up 25 feet or more and can really “blast” the nest full of chemical. When treating with Cypermethrin and a hose end, add 2 oz of Cypermethrin, 2 oz of Spreader Sticker and add enough water so the sprayer is filled to about the 2.5 gallon line. This would be about 1/8th full. Next, hook it to your hose and use the entire contents on the nest. Do the treatment at night to insure the nest is at rest when treating.
When done properly, the nest will be shut down in an hour or less. The following video clip shows how they react to the treatment.
HOW TO TREAT HIDDEN NESTS IN THE WALL OR UNDER SIDING ^
For nests that are hidden under the siding of the home or in the nook of a tree, you’ll be best served using a “non repellent” spray. These are also well suited for specific locations like a weep hole, electric cable box, around a pipe line, etc.
These unique chemicals are undetectable by target insects so they won’t know the treatment is present. These options don’t work quickly; in fact they’ll take 4-6 days to completely work. But they’re highly effective and ideally suited for when you have nests well hidden and don’t want to risk spooking the wasps into your living space.
We have two formulations that can be used. For any area within reach, PHANTOM AEROSOL is a good option. You’ll want to make your treatment at night, just before dark, and you’ll want to spray the entrance hole for 10-15 seconds and then quickly leave the area. In most cases, the wasps won’t have time to react and since they don’t know they’re being sprayed with chemical, they won’t get too bothered. But one treatment won’t be enough so you’ll need to do the same treatment the next night and then again, one more time, on the third night.
Once you start treating, the wasps will in turn start carrying the product into their nest no matter how deep it might be. This will happen as they naturally move in and out of their nest in the days following the first application. To insure enough chemical enters the nest, you need to make 3 treatments over the course of three evenings but by the 3-4 days, you’ll start to notice a big decrease in their activity. And by the 4-5th day, the nest will be dead.
One can of Phantom is enough to treat several nests and since it can be used inside the home too on a wide range of other pests, its a good product to have for all types of applications.
Since you need to be within 1-2 feet of the nest to make a good application, you may need an AEROSOL POLE to help deliver it where needed. This pole will allow you to reach up over 20 feet and extra 4 FOOT EXTENSIONS can be purchased as needed. The tool is easy to use; simply affix the aerosol on top and then slide it up the side of the home adding extensions as needed until you can reach the nest to treat.
If you have several nests to treat or would prefer to use a liquid, we have a non repellent concentrate known as OPTIGARD that will do the job just as well. Using a PUMP SPRAYER or HOSE END SPRAYER, this concentrate can be mixed with water and then sprayed onto their entrance holes just like the Phantom. Do this 2-3 nights in a row and after 4-5 days, the nests should be shut down for good.
For wasp treatments, you’ll need to add 1/2 oz of Optigard per gallon of water and spray entrance areas for 10-20 seconds per night right at dark. Repeat for 3 nights in a row and the nests will be shut down in 3-5 days. Optigard can be used on trees, shrubs and flowers too if you want to keep wasps off these surfaces without knowing where a nest might be located.
HOW TO TREAT POOLS AND JACUZZIS FOR WASPS ^
If you are a pool owner or have some other body of water close by the property, you may have noticed local wasps coming around to get a drink. And if it’s been hot or dry where you live or if you have a bird bath or other water supply, expect wasps to find your “offering”. As moisture evaporates into the air, wasps and other insects will detect it’s presence. This will attract them to the area and once found, “word” will be out on the street attracting other insects and more wasps. In other words, expect more and more of the local population of wasps and other insects to come around if your yard is providing some water when local areas are dry.
Dealing with such invasions difficult but there are some treatments that can help reduce this activity.
No doubt the best way to stop wasps or bees from visiting your pool or jacuzzi is to treat the water with KILL IT ALGAECIDE. This product is generally used to control algae but it will also repel wasps, bees and any insect from drinking your water. This repellency action happens because Kill It reduces the surface tension of the pool water making it impossible for insects to land. Now if they try, they’ll sink so they will avoid water protected by Kill It. Add some weekly during the summer months when wasps, bees and other insects are annoying you in the pool and they’ll stay away.
WASPS INSIDE THE HOME ^
Now if you have been seeing wasps on your home and you don’t kill them before they move under siding and into the wall voids, there is no doubt you’ll be seeing them inside. This can happen in the summer but its actually quite common in the winter too. In the cold months, wasps that moved onto your home the past fall which were not treated or repelled will move inside seeking the warm temperatures.
Typically they’ll emerge and remain quiet for a day or two hanging around a window or ledge. Any that are seen can be sprayed with the PHANTOM listed above. It won’t spook them but after 2-3 days, it will kill them. Treat any area you find them landing when active in the winter and renew treatments once a month as long as you continue to find dead wasps once you start treating. This insures you’ll have a good treatment in place to control any new ones that emerge throughout the cold winter months.
TREAT IN THE FALL AND SPRING TO KEEP WASPS AWAY ^
Wasps and Bald Faced Hornets can be frightening. Dust the exterior of the home once in the spring to prevent them from moving in and using your home for a nest site or winter haven. And when wasp nests are found, keep people away to prevent anyone from getting stung. Treat nests at night for quick and complete control and remove the nest once all activity ceases.
CONTACT US ^
Give us a call if you need further help. Our toll free is 1-800-877-7290 and we’re open Monday through Thursday, 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM. On Friday, 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM and on Saturday, 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM (Eastern Standard Time).
Email questions here: https://bugspray.com/about-us/contact-us
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Chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. November 2006 chlamydia is also available in portable document format pdf, 24kb, 2pg. Infecciones por clamidia sintomas tratamiento medlineplus en. Clamidia infeccion genital por clamidia trachomatis.
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact with an infected person. Procedimientos en microbiologia clinica diagnostico. Today chlamydia trachomatis is the commonest reported bacterial infection in the united states as it is in many other developed countries. Infeccion por chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres consultantes en maracaibo, venezuela. Etiology chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects mainly ocular. For several years, the recommended treatment for urogenital infections from chlamydia trachomatis has been either doxycycline or azithromycin, although some studies have suggested inferiority of azithromycin in the current randomized, noninferiority trial, investigators compared the efficacy of azithromycin 1 g in a single dose and doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days in. Objective to determine the prevalence and risk factors for chlamydia trachomatis ct infection in pregnant women and the rate of transmission of ct to infants. Azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia trachomatis.
Chlamydia chlamydia trachomatis infection communicable disease management protocol chlamydia chlamydia trachomatis infection march 2019 1 1. Infecciones por chlamydia trachomatis a excepcion del linfogranuloma venereo 37. Chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae y chlamydia psittaci. Stis due to these bacteria are on the rise, with more and more cases being reported to the centres for disease control and prevention cdc. After informed consent was obtained, women completed a sociodemographic, prenatal, and sexual. The genital infection can result in serious complications and sequelae such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in females consulting health centres in. However, early identification of infected women is difficult because symptoms of the infection are usually nonspecific and up.31 1169 1385 1181 175 52 422 527 1021 1429 1340 139 392 887 260 1541 1396 497 394 1350 710 880 872 1206 1123 544 483 307 446 485 | <urn:uuid:5f27d57b-4caf-4af1-8a23-44a08bc35493> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://dianilaroc.firebaseapp.com/790.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335034.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927131111-20220927161111-00753.warc.gz | en | 0.793161 | 741 | 2.859375 | 3 |
If you're getting fat, there's a reason!
The same question always comes back to our minds: Why am I gaining weight?
So much so that we try to normalize it even when we consume unnecessary snacks, we convince ourselves: Actually, I follow a well-balanced diet!
However, mostly, we know that this is a big lie.
Irregular and unbalanced diet, fast food style, staying away from sports and living sedentary are the most important reasons for weight gain.
This is how obesity occurs.
It's not just about aesthetics.
Because while gaining weight, some of our vital organs also get fat.
At the beginning of the nutritional mistakes are uncontrolled meals, carbohydrate-containing substances and consuming too much sugary drinks after long periods of hunger.
Such nutritional mistakes are emerging as the most important causes of obesity.
If both parents are overweight, the probability of obesity in children is 80%. Some hormonal reasons such as diabetes, thyroid gland diseases, adrenal gland diseases can be among the causes of obesity.
Starting from childhood, a healthy diet and active lifestyle should be adopted in order to prevent lipoidosis.
A healthy adult man needs an average of 2500 calories per day, and a healthy adult woman needs an average of 2000 calories per day. Today, an average hamburger produced in any fast food chain is approximately 1500 calories. Likewise, carbonated and alcoholic beverages contain a lot of calories. Therefore, frequent consumption of such foods can cause obesity.
Let's Take a Look at the Causes of Obesity
Excessive, uncontrolled and high-calorie diet
Inability of the thyroid gland to produce enough hormones
Cushing's Syndrome, which causes overproduction of steroid hormones
Lack of exercise and physical activity
Lack of sleep
Muscle wasting due to aging (Sarcopenia)
Frequent and low-energy diets
Smoking and alcohol use or addiction
Number of births and frequent birth interval
Insufficient intake of breast milk
Social and cultural factors
What are the Diseases Caused by Obesity?
Diabetes – Insulin Resistance
The most common chronic disease that develops due to obesity is diabetes, which is popularly referred to as "sugar disease". So how does “diabetes” arise? Excessive increase in adipose tissue reduces the sensitivity of the cells in the body to the hormone insulin, and this causes insulin resistance. Sugar in the blood clashes with cells that become desensitized to insulin. Thus, blood sugar rises. The situation in question is the problem that is effective in the development of Type-2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, and many people with obesity have insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is observed in patients at the initial level, which is called prediabetes and where diabetes has not yet fully developed. This period is very important. Because diabetes can be prevented in this process with a weight loss diet or bariatric surgery.
“I am a blood pressure patient.”
“Which of us are not?”
These are the daily conversations we encounter very often.
Our blood pressure goes down and up!
We do not see, we do not want to see, that one of the most important reasons for this is actually due to our mistakes in eating habits.
Commonly worldwide, hypertension disease is seen approximately 3 times more frequently in obese patients than in individuals of normal weight. Among the causes of hypertension in obese individuals, there are many factors such as the increase in adipose tissue, accordingly excessive insulin production (hyperinsulinemia) and insulin resistance, and deterioration in vascular and cell structures. Therefore, it is very effective for obesity patients to reach their ideal weight, to prevent hypertension or to prevent its progression.
It is very important to consult a dietician and nutritionist, eat right, and follow the recommendations before “your blood pressure goes up”.
Coronary Artery Disease
We all have a heart. We all have a duty to protect our heart!
Because obesity is one of the most important causes of heart diseases.
In obese individuals, excessive fat, especially around the belly and abdomen, can negatively affect its functioning by putting pressure on the heart. In addition, as a result of obesity-related insulin resistance, blood sugar may rise and cause structural deterioration in the vascular walls. This may form the basis of cardiovascular diseases. As a result of all these, the probability of cardiovascular diseases in obese patients is much higher than in healthy people. Treating obesity as early as possible is important in terms of preventing these diseases.
Obesity patients are mostly individuals with high cholesterol values in the blood. If the cholesterol in the content of bile produced in the gallbladder rises above normal, the quality of the bile deteriorates, which causes the formation of stones in the gallbladder. For this reason, gallbladder diseases, which progress with negativities such as stones in the gallbladder and obstruction in the bile ducts, are directly related to obesity.
Another health problem in which obesity is considered as a risk factor is paralysis, also known as "stroke" in the colloquial language. The voluntary loss of movement ability of the muscles in certain parts of our body is a condition called paralysis. The incidence of serious acute complications such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) and cerebral hemorrhage increases significantly in obesity patients due to structural deterioration in the vessels and increased risk of hypertension. All this is the cause of paralysis.
Obesity is hard!
Even while sleeping!
It is even more difficult and often dangerous while sleeping.
In patients with obesity, sagging and enlargement of the palate and uvula, narrowing of the airways and shortness of breath are frequently observed. During sleep, there is a narrowing in the respiratory tract due to the weight created by the abdominal region in the body in the supine position. As a result of these complications, sleep apnea, a health problem characterized by the cessation of breathing for a certain period of time while asleep, occurs.
Asthma, which is one of the diseases that seriously complicates the quality of life, is much more severe in obese individuals than in individuals of normal weight. Asthma attacks can be seen much more frequently depending on the increase in the weight of the individuals and it becomes difficult to keep the disease under control. Therefore, it is important to maintain weight control in order to increase the success rate in the treatment of asthma coexisting with obesity.
Obesity patients are often introverted, unhappy, and alienated from social life.
In addition to medical complications, obesity patients who experience negative aesthetics also experience problems such as exclusion from the society. These patients are more likely to have psychological problems such as depression, lack of self-confidence, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The way to overcome psychological problems is the individual’s reaching their ideal weight.
This is possible!
The first step to success is believing in change. | <urn:uuid:b2520e11-4a43-4451-ac50-619f13007db4> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.cyprusgastricsurgery.com/obesity/what-are-the-causes-of-obesity.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00208.warc.gz | en | 0.940271 | 1,502 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The first step in choosing an appropriate spill kit that suits the needs of the workplace is to take an in-depth assessment of the facility. In this step it will be determined the kind(s) of spill kits that are needed, the size(s) they should be, and how many will be necessary.
The following are steps that should be taken in to prepare your facility for a spill:
- Identify possible spill areas: Determine the areas in the workplace where fluids and chemicals are being stored or transported. Some common locations to look at are loading docks, sore rooms, labs, and production lines. Look for places where potential spills can occur and whether the area will need a single spill kit or multiple spill kits.
- Identify the liquids at hand: Whether it’s water, a type of oil, a nonhazardous chemical, or an extremely hazardous chemical, it is important to understand the type of liquid that could be spilled; this will determine the type of spill kit that will need to be purchased. The majority of liquids found in an industrial workplace can be cleaned up with a universal spill kit, but it is still crucial to identify liquids and prepare accordingly in cases you need a chemical spill kit or an oil spill kit.
- Determine the size of possible spills: The spill kit chosen should have the capacity and capabilities to absorb and clean the largest amount of liquid that could be spilled. The container that the spill kit is housed in should have the space and capacity for the largest spill possible.
- Choose where to place the spill kits: It is important to not only have multiple kits on hand, but to choose appropriate places for these spill kits to be housed. Spill kits should be located in places they are most likely to be used, easily accessible to all employees, and well-marked with a wall and/or floor sign.
- What are different types of spill kits?
- What does spill clean-up entail?
- Where should spill kits be located?
- What are the benefits of having spill kits?
- How many times can a spill kit be used?
- What does a spill kit usually always include? | <urn:uuid:96a19f0a-03ac-4524-ac82-37d3e437be71> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/qa/spill-cleanup/choosing-the-right-spill-kit-for-your-facility | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824338.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213010653-20181213032153-00321.warc.gz | en | 0.932914 | 442 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Braga Organic Farms announces the voluntary recall of pistachios due to potential contamination with Salmonella, an organism that can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. The potential for contamination was noted after routine testing by the FDA revealed the presence of Salmonella in a one-pound package of raw pistachio kernels purchased online.
Healthy persons infected with Salmonella can experience fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In rare circumstances, infection with Salmonella can result in the organism getting into the bloodstream and producing more severe illnesses such as arterial infections (i.e., infected aneurysms), endocarditis, and arthritis.
No illnesses have been reported to date in connection with this recall. The recalled nuts were distributed in retail stores in California, Oregon, and Washington, and were distributed through online sales nationwide.
The product comes in a clear or green standup bag, with the date code stamped on the bottom of the bag.
Raw Pistachio Kernels, Trail Mix, and Nut Mixes were involved. No other Braga Organic Farms products are associated with this voluntary recall.
See the Recall
See also Medical Law Perspectives, July 2012 Report: Foodborne Illness: When Grabbing a Bite Can Be Deadly | <urn:uuid:ff3726ca-ec21-4bfa-be09-e456dcd904fd> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://medicallawperspectives.com/Content_Weekly/Organic-Farm-Pistachios-Recalled-Possible-Salmonella-Contamination.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813322.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221024420-20180221044420-00222.warc.gz | en | 0.947969 | 279 | 2.53125 | 3 |
To ensure equal representation, district populations are required to be at least approximately equal to one another.
A complete count of the U.S. population is conducted once every ten years, in the decennial census.
Following release of the census data, one of the first redistricting tasks is to calculate the new ideal district population for each legislative body.
For statewide redistricting using single member districts, the ideal district population is simply the state's population divided by the total number of districts.
Once the new ideal population is know, population deviation maps and reports can be created to help assess how far out of balance existing district plans have become over the course of the previous decade.
*The 2002 'Interim House' and 'Interim Senate' plans were temporary plans created by the NC Superior Court for use in the 2002 elections. They were never formally enacted by the General Assembly. | <urn:uuid:4e0455a2-5fb5-46b4-9695-2e5cafbcbc30> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://ftp.ncleg.net/representation/Content/Archives.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323721.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628171342-20170628191342-00179.warc.gz | en | 0.953537 | 179 | 3.78125 | 4 |
By the time you start considering an intervention for a friend or loved one, things are probably pretty bad. Her addiction is no longer a secret and it affects her friends and family. It may have been affecting them for a while. At this point, you have probably already expressed your concerns to your loved one and tried to encourage her to quit or get help to quit. You may have already withdrawn financial support or stopped other behaviors that might have enabled her addiction. Often, interventions are a last ditch effort by families who don’t know what else to do. Do interventions actually work? Most people are somewhat familiar with what an intervention entails, possibly watching from the long-running TV show, Intervention. In an intervention, several family members or close friends confront their addicted loved one, reading pre-written statements about how their loved one’s addiction has affected her and others. After everyone has spoken, they ask the person to enter treatment. When done correctly, interventions appear to work pretty well for getting someone to enter treatment. The National Council on Alcohol and Drug Dependence estimates that well executed interventions are successful more than 90 percent of the time. A well executed intervention is led by an experienced intervention counselor. The counselor helps coordinate the participants and creates a plan for the intervention. She makes sure the statements strike the right tone, focusing on objective ways in which addiction has harmed the family. She keeps the intervention on track, making sure the intervention doesn’t turn confrontational and counterproductive. It’s also important to be ready for the possibility of success. You should already have a spot booked at a quality treatment center and have a bag packed so you can send your loved one off right away if she consents to treatment. A quality intervention leads to treatment more than 90 percent of the time, but does that treatment lead to recovery? It often does. Keep in mind that relapse rates in general are pretty high. Depending on the drug and the length of use, relapse rates in the first year are somewhere between 40 and 60 percent. However, people who entered treatment as a result of intervention don’t appear to do worse than people anyone else. In fact, if the family is supportive enough to organize an intervention and participate in treatment, their chances are slightly better. Also, the consequences the family set out during the intervention of not participating in treatment may encourage her to keep participating even if she doesn’t really want to. Many people are ambivalent about entering treatment, but then discover their internal motivation along the way. What is clear is that interventions get many people into treatment who would probably not have otherwise considered it. An intervention certainly doesn’t lead to a stable recovery in all cases, but it can significantly increase the chances.
If you’re struggling with substance use, Recovery Ways can help. We offer intensive outpatient treatment as well as residential treatment. Recovery Ways is a premier drug and alcohol addiction treatment facility located in Salt Lake City, Utah. Our mission is to provide the most cost-effective, accessible substance abuse treatment to as many people as possible. Request information online or call us today at 1-888-986-7848. | <urn:uuid:5d3fdb0c-5d37-4f98-87b0-51950136e5e0> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.recoveryways.com/rehab-blog/do-interventions-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363215.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20211205160950-20211205190950-00101.warc.gz | en | 0.970083 | 640 | 2.625 | 3 |
An Engineering Alumnus’ Journey From an Internment Camp to UConn
During World War II, over 110,000 Japanese and Japanese American men, women and children from the West Coast were incarcerated without a trial in illegal detention centers. The United States government apologized for the imprisonment and authorized a payment of $20,000 to survivors in 1988, noting that “the internment of the individuals of Japanese ancestry was caused by racial prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership.” UConn Alumnus Satoshi Oishi (Civil Engineering ’49), like many of the people of Japanese descent who were sent to these camps, had to rebuild his life far from the world he’d known.
Oishi was born in Japan and immigrated with his parents to California in 1932 when he was five years old. He spent two years imprisoned in different camps. Oishi was able to leave the illegal detention center in 1944 when he was 17, but wasn’t allowed to return to the West Coast. He came to Connecticut when he and his father found work in a kitchen in Waterbury.
“My father worked in the kitchen and I was the counter man,” Oishi said.
While in an illegal detention center, Oishi graduated from high school as valedictorian. He was interested in college, but was short on the resources necessary to apply.
“I had no way to contact anyone who could help me look for a college or help me apply to college,” Oishi said. “To my surprise, the American Friends Service Committee – the Quakers – in Philadelphia saw the need to help the Nissai or Japanese Americans kicked out of the Western States.”
Many of the Japanese Americans were in college when they were forced into illegal detention centers. The American Friends Service Committee, a Quaker organization dedicated to peace and social justice, helped those college students transfer to Midwest and East Coast schools, and helped people like Oishi apply to college.
Not all universities accepted students that had been jailed at a camp. UConn was on a list of higher education institutions that allowed the displaced students to apply.
“There were no Ivy League schools on the list,” Oishi said. “Not that we could have afforded it.”
With help from the American Friends Service Committee, Oishi applied to UConn and was accepted. When Oishi told customers at the kitchen he worked at about being accepted to UConn, he ran into an issue- no one had any idea where it was.
“I said, ‘I was accepted into the University of Connecticut at Storrs. Tell me, do you know where Storrs is?’ The guy had no idea. Finally, one of the customers, who was a leader in the local union, said it must be the Storrs Agricultural College,” Oishi said. The Storrs Agricultural College name hadn’t been used for over 40 years at that point.
At that time, there was no direct transportation to Storrs. Oishi took a bus to Willimantic from Waterbury then hitchhiked the remaining 8 miles to UConn’s campus.
Once at UConn, Oishi excelled. He helped establish a chapter of Chi Epsilon, the civil engineering honor society; created movie posters for the AV department; and worked on the campus newspaper, where he was eventually named acting editor.
“They showed movies every weekend. In order to publicize those movies, I would make half a dozen posters. I had a certain amount of artistic talent; people would collect them. I got some income from that,” said Oishi.
During his time at UConn, Oishi became close with a number of faculty members. Gregory Timoshenko, who was later the department head of electrical engineering, would have Oishi and other Japanese American students over for dinner once a year.
“His wife was very sympathetic to the Japanese Americans on campus. She would have one of the girls work in her house,” Oishi said. “When she visited New York City, she would buy Japanese food and bring it up to share.”
He eventually graduated with high honors. After graduation, Oishi joined Edwards and Kelcey, a civil engineering firm, where he was eventually made CEO in 1987. He was also a regional vice president of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a position that let him travel the world.
“I represented our American engineers at international conferences and so on. It was a great job because every quarter I had to go to a different section of the country and meet with top engineers. It was nice, because I could take my wife with me,” he said.
Oishi said that he was grateful for the support he got from UConn, which allowed him to see the world and experience a variety of cultures. He learned about jazz at UConn, and later went to 57th street in Manhattan to watch what he called the jazz greats of the time. His work with the American Society of Civil Engineers allowed him to travel to Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) and see museums such as the State Hermitage Museum, one of the oldest in the world.
“I took part in a lot of rich activities that were made possible by the support I had at the University of Connecticut,” Oishi said. | <urn:uuid:dab34504-7119-4527-9e83-901561af7f20> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://news.engr.uconn.edu/an-engineering-alumnus-journey-from-an-internment-camp-to-uconn.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103915196.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630213820-20220701003820-00219.warc.gz | en | 0.987348 | 1,127 | 2.828125 | 3 |
or email Dental Excellence of Blue Bell
to schedule an appointment with Dr. Kenneth Siegel.
Do Metal Amalgam Fillings Contain Mercury?
Yes. In fact, they more than contain it, they are 50% mercury by weight. The rest of the filling is made up of a powder of silver, copper, and tin (itself a toxic metal).
Mercury is a liquid metal, and the process of making metal amalgam fillings is like making a mud pie. The liquid mercury is mixed with the powder until it creates a shapeable paste, which is then jammed into your tooth.
The problem is that mercury, like water, evaporates, so metal fillings give off mercury vapor that you inhale on a daily basis. Mercury also migrates through your teeth and into your bloodstream.
Are Silver Mercury Fillings Harmful?
The short answer is we don’t know. The FDA and others are convinced that mercury exposure from metal amalgam fillings is not harmful. You can read the 2009 FDA statement on metal amalgam fillings to see what they recommend. The statement is largely based on a 2004 survey of research that says there is “little evidence” of the dangers posed by mercury from amalgam fillings.
However, we do know that mercury is toxic, and we know that mercury doesn’t stay in your fillings. In the 1980s, researchers gave a pregnant sheep metal amalgam fillings marked with radioactive mercury (which doesn’t occur in nature). They killed the sheep 30 days later, removed the filling and looked at the presence of radioactive mercury in the sheep’s body. They found that in 30 days the mercury had migrated to the jawbone, and was also found in significant concentrations in the liver, kidneys, and digestive tract. In fact, all the tissues in the body were exposed to mercury, including the developing fetus. An experiment with a monkey gave the same results.
The amount of mercury exposure a person receives from dental fillings depends on the number of surfaces of metal amalgam they have. Two different studies in the 1990s estimated the number of fillings necessary to create a harmful exposure. One study estimated that a person would need to have 450 fillings to receive a toxic exposure. Another study concluded that adults might receive toxic exposure from as few as 2 metal amalgam fillings. More recent analysis suggests that the number of surfaces that can lead to toxic exposure is 6 for children, 8 for adults and older teens.
Again, the FDA has concluded that metal amalgam fillings are safe. Other regulatory agencies are not so sure. Germany, Austria, and Canada have said metal amalgam fillings should not be used on children and high-risk populations. Sweden and Denmark have banned all mercury-containing substances, including dental amalgam.
The Environmental Effects of Mercury in Dental Amalgam
We may not know whether dental amalgam is harmful to people, but we do know it is harmful to the environment, and may result in as much or more harmful exposure indirectly as it does directly.
The use of metal amalgam fillings in dentistry created 40 to 50 tons of mercury a year during the early 2000s. How dangerous is this amount of mercury? An annual deposition of only 12.5 micrograms per year can contaminate a square meter of fresh water lake and make the fish in the lake too toxic to eat. Forty tons of mercury is equal to 36,287,389—36 million grams!—enough mercury to contaminate almost three trillion square meters of fresh water, or more than 700 million acres, the equivalent of 25 times the surface area of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron combined.
Clearly, the potential environmental impact of dental amalgam fillings is huge, and is a major reason why they are being banned in other countries. It is also why we should move away from using them.
Mercury-Free Fillings at our Philadelphia Dental Office
At Dental Excellence of Blue Bell, Dr. Kenneth Siegel uses only tooth-colored fillings, including both ceramic fillings and composite plastic ones. These are not only safer for our patients and the environment, they are more attractive and more functional.
If you are concerned about mercury fillings and want to either remove mercury fillings or get new fillings at a mercurcy-free practice in Philadelphia, please call us at (610) 272-0828 or contact Dental Excellence of Blue Bell today for an appointment. | <urn:uuid:cfe9f5ea-07b1-475c-8415-30af92709800> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.dentalexcellenceofbluebell.com/remove-mercury-fillings-dr-oz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027316194.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821194752-20190821220752-00058.warc.gz | en | 0.938137 | 923 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Harried humans around the world are embracing cheap, ultra-processed foods such as white bread, bacon and hash browns. But the first randomized controlled trial on the health effects of these foods shows that people offered such a diet ingest more calories — and pack on more weight — than they do when presented with more wholesome meals.
To determine how processed foods affect health, Kevin Hall at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland, and his colleagues fed study participants ultra-processed foods for two weeks. The same participants also spent two weeks eating unprocessed foods, such as fish and fresh vegetables. Both types of meal had the same number of calories, and the same levels of nutrients such as sugar and fat. Participants chose how much to eat.
When offered ultra-processed foods, people ate more quickly and took in an average of 500 more calories per day than when they were offered unprocessed foods. Participants gained roughly 1 kilogram during the trial’s junk-food phase and lost roughly the same amount during the whole-foods phase. | <urn:uuid:804121cc-a52a-48ee-a61d-63402119f923> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01523-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8a9d89dd-1b7f-4862-b47f-29d5afdc847c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256764.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522063112-20190522085112-00227.warc.gz | en | 0.970376 | 225 | 3.5 | 4 |
Siberian husky, which looks dignified like a wolf, has many odd-eyed cats with eyes of different colors on the left and right. Odd-eyed cats have their own unique coolness, but what is the reason for such a child? This time, I will introduce the reasons why Siberian Husky has many odd-eyed cats and the possible health concerns of odd-eyed cats.
What is an odd eye in the first place? Is it related to Siberian Husky?
Odd eye means that the color of the left and right eyes is different, and it is called “heterochromia” in Japanese. In addition to odd-eyed eyes, it is also called “bai-eye” or “heterochromia”, and these eyes with different colors are generally more common in cats than in dogs and are not limited to Siberian husky.
There is a congenital reason for one of the mechanisms of becoming an odd eye, and it seems that most of them are caused by genes, such as inheriting the eye color of each parent one by one. It often occurs in white cats in particular, and the effects of genes affect not only the eyes but also the hearing, and it seems that some cats are deaf.
The reason for becoming an odd-eyed cat after birth is that it may be acquired, that is, it may become an odd-eyed cat due to damage to the iris due to illness or injury. If the iris of the colored part of the eye is damaged, the melanin pigment will decrease, and the pigment will be lighter than that of the uninjured eye, so the left and right colors will be different and the eye will be odd-eyed.
Why are there so many odd-eyed cats in Siberian Husky?
Siberian husky with different left and right eye colors is common but may differ from congenital heterochromia. The reason Siberian Husky becomes an odd-eyed cat is that, unlike other animals, it has a relationship with its original habitat.
Due to changes in the environment
There are various theories as to why there are many odd-eyed cats in Siberian Husky, but it is said that they are in the environment of the habitat where they were originally born and lived.
Siberian Husky has long been a sled dog in the frigid region of Siberia. Living in the north, where there is little sunlight, is less exposed to ultraviolet rays, so it has less melanin pigment than other breeds, and most of them originally had blue eyes.
After that, as the times changed, it became popular as a domestic dog, and it was also kept in other areas, from blue to brown with a lot of melanin pigment to protect the eyes from the influence of changes in sunlight irradiation. It has changed.
However, it seems that only one eye could not adapt to changes in the environment, and an odd-eyed cat with only one eye blue and one eye brown was born.
Are there any health concerns with Siberian Husky’s odd-eyed cats?
Some people with odd-eyed cats may be worried that their health may be affected, such as the possibility of hearing loss, as in the case of cats. Here’s an explanation of whether Odd-eyed Siberian Husky has any health concerns.
Does not affect health or longevity
Siberian Husky is recognized as the standard for breeds because it has become an odd eye as a result of adapting to changes in the environment.
Therefore, even if Siberian Husky is an odd-eyed cat, it is not considered abnormal and is not considered to be susceptible to illness or affect lifespan.
However, if the color of the eyes is different by nature, there is no problem, but if the color changes suddenly instead of being born, there may be something wrong with the eyes. Take it to your veterinarian for a look.
Mysterious Siberian Husky Odd Eye
Siberian Husky’s odd-eyed cats have a very mysterious history of being beautifully transformed to protect their eyes by moving from cold lands. Siberian husky is recognized as a standard rather than a physical abnormality, but in some other animals, it affects hearing and vision. If you see an odd-eyed cat, why don’t you think about how it became an odd-eyed cat? | <urn:uuid:5bcba466-f21a-4556-8437-10b6ee89a5b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.dogiman.com/why-are-there-so-many-odd-eyed-cats-in-siberian-husky/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499967.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202070522-20230202100522-00049.warc.gz | en | 0.974883 | 915 | 3.125 | 3 |
Conducting an effective evaluation starts with careful thinking on Day 1 – as you design and implement your magnet program. This web site, funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Innovation and Improvement, offers practical advice and resources informed by research and the experiences of magnet directors and their partner evaluators. The toolkit supports district administrators to strengthen six essential components of the evaluation process:
What is the Magnet Schools Assistance Program (MSAP)?
Federal MSAP grants help districts develop magnet schools that use innovative theme-based curriculum to promote
equity, diversity, and academic excellence for all students.
Learn more about MSAP on Ed.gov
Doing an MSAP rigorous evaluation?
Watch this video to learn more about what’s involved in an MSAP rigorous evaluation and how to decide whether it
may work for your district.
How to get started
Use this checklist to determine where you are in this process of evaluating your magnet program and how to best use the resources provided in this toolkit.
(.doc 709 KB)
Building Choice shares promising practices, tools, and sample materials from a variety of choice programs to help
promote, implement, and sustain public school choice efforts. | <urn:uuid:19b04634-9978-448a-b187-881a9e32b907> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.evaluationtoolkit.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706635063/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121715-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88968 | 254 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Egotism in German Philosophy/Chapter VI
Fichte purified the system of Kant of all its inconsistent and humane elements; he set forth the subjective system of knowledge and action in its frankest and most radical form. The ego, in order to live a full and free life, posited or feigned a world of circumstances, in the midst of which it might disport itself; but this imagined theatre was made to suit the play, and though it might seem to oppress the Will with all sorts of hindrances, and even to snuff it out altogether, it was really only a mirage which that Will, being wiser than it knew, had raised in order to enjoy the experience of exerting itself manfully.
It would seem obvious from this that the Will could never be defeated, and that in spite of its name it was identical with destiny or the laws of nature: and those transcendentalists who lean to naturalism, or pass into it unawares, like Schelling or Emerson, actually understand the absolute Will in this way. But not so Fichte, nor what I take to be the keener and more heroic romantic school, whose last prophet was Nietzsche. The Germans, in the midst of their fantastic metaphysics, sometimes surprise us by their return to immediate experience: after all, it was in wrestling with the Lord that their philosophy was begotten. As a matter of fact, the will is often defeated — especially if we are stubborn in defining our will; and this tragic fact by no means refutes the Fichtean philosophy, which knows how to deal with it heroically. It conceives that what is inviolable is only what ought to be, the unconscious plan or idea of perfect living which is hidden in the depths of all life: a will not animated in some measure by this idea cannot exist, or at least cannot be noticed or respected by this philosophy. But when, where, how often and how far this divine idea shall be carried out is left unexplained. Actual will may be feeble or wicked in any degree; and in consequence the world that ought to be evoked in its maximum conceivable richness, may dwindle and fade to nothing.
The Will may accordingly be defeated; not, indeed, by imagined external things, but by its own apathy and tergiversation. In this case, according to the logic of this system (which is as beautifully thought out as that of Plotinus), the dissolving world will appear to be overwhelmingly formidable and real. In expiring because we have no longer the warmth to keep it alive, it will seem to be killing us; for the passivity of the ego, says Fichte, is posited as activity in the non-ego. That way of speaking is scholastic; but the thought, if we take the egotistical point of view, is deep and true.
So any actual will may perish by defect and die out; but actual will may also perish by sublimation. The true object of absolute Will is not things or pleasures or length of life, but willing itself; and the more intense and disinterested this willing is, the better it manifests absolute Will. The heroic act of dashing oneself against overwhelming obstacles may, therefore, be the highest fulfilment of the divine idea. The will dares to perish in order to have dared everything. In its material ruin it remains ideally victorious. If we consider the matter under the form of eternity, we shall see that this heroic and suicidal will has accomplished what it willed; it has not only lived perilously but perished nobly.
It is hardly necessary to point out how completely this theory justifies any desperate enterprise to which one happens to be wedded. It justifies, for instance, any wilful handling of history and science. The Will by right lays down the principles on which things must and shall be arranged. If things slip somehow from the traces, so much the grander your “scientific deed” in striving to rein them in. After all, you first summoned them into being only that you might drive them. If they seem to run wild and upset you, like the steeds of Hippolytus, you will, at least, not have missed the glory, while you lived and drove, of assuming the attitude of a master. Call spirits from the vasty deep: if they do not come, what of it? That will only prove the absolute self-sufficiency of your duty to call them.
What tightens this speculative bond between Fichte and the Nietzschean school is that he himself applied his theory of absolute Will to national life. This ego, which was identical with mind in general, he identified also with the German people. If the Germans suffered their national will to be domesticated in the Napoleonic empire, the creative spirit of the universe would be extinguished, and God himself, who existed only when incarnate in mankind, would disappear. It was evidently one’s duty to prevent this if possible; and Fichte poured out all the vehemence of his nature into the struggle for freedom. The mere struggle, the mere protest in the soul, according to his system, would secure the end desired: self-assertion, not material success, was the goal. A happy equilibrium once established in human life would have been only a temptation, a sort of Napoleonic or Mephistophelian quietus falling on the will to strive.
I am not sure how far Fichte, in his romantic and puritan tension of soul, would have relished the present organisation of Germany. He was a man of the people, a radical and an agitator as much as a prophet of nationalism, and the shining armour in which German freedom is now encased might have seemed to him too ponderous. He might have discerned in victory the beginning of corruption.
Nevertheless we should remember that a perfected idealism has a tendency to change into its opposite and become a materialism for all practical purposes. Absolute Will is not a natural being, not anybody’s will or thought; it is a disembodied and unrealised genius which first comes into operation when it begins to surround itself with objects and points of resistance, so as to become aware of its own stress and vocation. What these objects or felt resistances may be is not prejudged; or rather it is prejudged that they shall be most opposite to spirit, and that spirit shall experience its own passivity — one mode of its fated and requisite experience — in the form of an influence which it imputes to dead and material things.
The whole business of spirit may, therefore, well be with matter. Science might be mechanical, art might be cumbrous and material, all the instruments of life might be brutal, life itself might be hard, bitter, and obsessed, and yet the whole might remain a direct manifestation of pure spirit, absolute freedom, and creative duty. This speculative possibility is worth noting: it helps us to understand modern Germany. It is no paradox that idealists should be so much at home among material things. These material things, according to them, are the offspring of their spirit. Why should they not sink fondly into the manipulation of philological details or chemical elements, or over-ingenious commerce and intrigue? Why should they not dote on blood and iron? Why should these fruits of the spirit be uncongenial to it?
A theoretical materialist, who looks on the natural world as on a soil that he has risen from and feeds on, may perhaps feel a certain piety towards those obscure abysses of nature that have given him birth; but his delight will be rather in the clear things of the imagination, in the humanities, by which the rude forces of nature are at once expressed and eluded. Not so the transcendentalist. Regarding his mind as the source of everything, he is moved to solemn silence and piety only before himself: on the other hand, what bewitches him, what he loves to fondle, is his progeny, the material environment, the facts, the laws, the blood, and the iron in which he conceives (quite truly, perhaps) that his spirit perfectly and freely expresses itself. To despise the world and withdraw into the realm of mind, as into a subtler and more congenial sphere, is quite contrary to his idealism. Such a retreat might bring him peace, and he wants war. His idealism teaches him that strife and contradiction, as Heraclitus said, are the parents of all things; and if he stopped striving, if he grew sick of ambition and material goods, he thinks he would be forsaking life, for he hates as he would death what another kind of idealists have called salvation.
We are told that God, when he had made the world, found it very good, and the transcendentalist, when he assumes the Creator’s place, follows his example. The hatred and fear of matter is perhaps not a sign of a pure spirit. Even contemplatively, a divine mind may perfectly well fall in love with matter, as the Moon-goddess did with Endymion. Such matter might be imagined only, as if Diana had merely dreamt of her swain; and the fond image might not be less dear on that account. The romantic poet finds his own spirit greeting him in rocks, clouds, and waves; the musician pours out his soul in movement and tumult; why should not the transcendental general, or engineer, or commercial traveller find his purest ideal in trade, crafts, and wars? Grim work, above all, is what absolute Will demands. It needs the stimulus of resistance to become more intensely conscious of Self, which is said to be its ultimate object in imagining a world at all. Acquisition interests it more than possession, because the sense of effort and power is then more acute. The more material the arts that engage it, and the more complicated and worldly its field of action, the more intense will be its exertion, and the greater its joy. This is no idealism for a recluse or a moping poet; it does not feel itself to be something incidental and fugitive in the world, like a bird’s note, that it should fear to be drowned in the crash of material instruments or to be forced to a hideous tension and shrillness: shrillness and tension are its native element. It is convinced that it has composed all the movements there are or can be in existence, and it feels all the more masterful, the more numerous and thunderous is the orchestra it leads. It is entirely at home in a mechanical environment, which it can prove transcendentally to be perfectly ideal. Its most congenial work is to hack its way through to the execution of its World-Plan. Its most adequate and soul-satisfying expression is a universal battle. | <urn:uuid:c586d85c-2712-4b2d-b84a-37d4a8954ccb> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Egotism_in_German_Philosophy/Chapter_VI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507441801.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005721-00330-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968333 | 2,232 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Creating a Culture of Academic Integrity
- Discuss the University’s Academic Integrity Policy early in the quarter. Define intellectual property and copyright, and clarify the differences between plagiarism, paraphrasing, misuse of sources, and improper referencing. In addition, explain that the implications of plagiarism extend beyond the classroom. It may be helpful to distribute the WWU Libraries' student handout on Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
- Set clear standards for assignments, grading, and citation that will be required of students. Include these standards and expectations on your syllabus. You might even include, or draft your own version of, Bill Taylor's Letter To My Students. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
- Encourage and model integrity and ethical behavior in your classroom. This could include citing resources for each lecture, obtaining permission to show videos or distribute handouts, or giving positive reinforcement for students who model this behavior in their work. 2, 3, 8
- Have students sign an honor code at the beginning of the semester or quarter, and sign an honor code with each exam or paper submitted. Research indicates that when people are reminded of their own morality and ethics, they are less likely to cheat.2, 9
- Enlist students to help create a culture of academic integrity. By emphasizing the importance and significance of academic integrity and giving students the responsibility to protect academic integrity within the classroom, students can be great allies for you in the classroom. Research suggests that students are more likely to cheat if they see or believe their peers are cheating, and that they often overestimate how many of their peers are cheating, so working to reduce that assumption and developing a shared moral code will reduce the likelihood that students will cheat. 2, 3, 7, 9, 10
- Design assignments and test questions that require students to explore a topic in depth. Stress that the assignments are opportunities for rigorous learning and inquiry. When possible, change parts of the assignments for each offering of the course to reduce chances of students plagiarizing. 2, 4, 7, 8
Avoiding Cheating and Protecting the Integrity of Exams
- Set office hours and appointments for students before the exams in order to meet individually with students to help prepare for the test. 1
- Reinforce the honor code by making the first exam question a statement of commitment to academic honesty. Much like a user agreement, this reminds students of their morality and encourages them to stop and think before they are tempted to cheat. 9
- Develop questions that are not just meaningful to the course content, but extend to students’ ability to express and defend their judgments and understanding of the course content by using essay and short answer questions. 1, 2, 8
- Carefully monitor the classroom during the exam by walking around the room and watching for wandering eyes. 1, 2, 5, 7
- Give clear oral and written instructions to students about what materials can and cannot be used. 2
- Scramble tests by distributing two versions of a test with different question order and/or varied option order on multiple choice questions, or even with different questions altogether. Use alternate seating so that students who are close enough to see classmates' work won't have the same question order on their own exam. 2, 5, 7
- Validate students' identity by requiring students to display their ID on their desks during the exam, and mark each student on the attendance sheet and/or to record their student ID # on each exam in order to have their exam grade recorded. 2, 7
- As often as possible, change the exam questions, ideally from term to term. 2, 3, 7
Avoiding Plagiarism with Writing Assignments
- Have students brainstorm possible topics for writing assignments early in the term so students have time to research in depth and don’t feel stressed for finding resources.
- Explain research processes and expectations for resources, and ensure students have equal access to study materials. This includes teaching students how to use valid and reliable resources, both online and in libraries, and teaching students the expected citation standards. Be available for students in order to answer questions. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
- Ask students to draw on and document a variety of sources, such as interviews, electronic resources, books, etc. 3, 4, 8
- Collect notes and drafts of student papers throughout the term to track students’ progress. Require students to submit their paper electronically and use an Internet tool such as TurnItIn or Plagiarism.org, to check for plagiarism. Encourage them to run their drafts through these tools before they submit them to identify their own mistakes and learn from them before grades are at stake. 3, 4, 6, 7, 8
- Incorporate oral presentations of students papers, in which students discuss the process of writing and developing their paper. 3, 8
What to Do If You Suspect Plagiarism
- Compile a case by comparing the student’s current work to their work on previous assignments and/or comparing the work against original sources. Online tools like TurnItIn or Plagiarism.org can be helpful. 3
- Talk with the student directly to discuss what you noticed. This will help you identify the learning opportunity: is this a student who doesn't understand proper citation expectations, or is this a deliberate case of cheating? a first-time offense or part of a pattern? Understanding the student will clarify an appropriate course of action. 1, 4, 7
- Report possible cases of plagiarism to appropriate administrators or review boards, and notify the student of the action you have taken. 4
- Academic Integrity: A Letter to My Students Bill Taylor, Oakton Community College
- Creating a Climate of Academic Integrity: Tips to Prevent Cheating, includes general preventative steps, University of California, Davis
- Creating a Culture of Academic Integrity, Bridges, published by The Gwenna Moss Teaching & Learning Centre, University of Saskatchewan, January, 2003, Vol. 1 No. 3.
- Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism, includes shared responsibilities for faculty, Council of Writing Program Administrators
- Parents: Speak with Your Student About Academic Integrity, UNC Greensboro
- Plagiarism and Anti-Plagiarism, includes possible countermeasures, Heyward Ehrlich, Rutgers University
- Minimizing Academic Dishonesty, Center for Teaching and Learning, University of California, Berkeley
- Preventing Academic Dishonesty in Writing: A Guide for Faculty, includes classroom strategies for faculty, Academic Achievement Center, Lawrence Technological University
- Our Buggy Moral Code, TED Talk by Dan Ariely, Director of Center for Advanced Hindsight at MIT.
- Classroom Ethics 101, Dan Ariely blog post.
Resources at WWU
- Integrity at Western
- Academic Dishonesty, Registrar's Office.
- Academic Honesty Policy and Procedure, University Catalog.
- Plagiarism Policies & Guidelines @ WWU, Western Libraries.
- Student Rights and Responsibilities Code, Office of Student Life.
- The Student's Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism, Sociology Department.
- Understanding & Avoiding Plagiarism handout for students, Western Libraries.
- See also Creative Commons and Public Domain
Plagiarism Learning Tools for Students
- Academic Integrity at the University of Southern California, University of Southern California; a video tutorial about academic integrity and plagiarism
- All About Plagiarism, University of Texas at Austin; interactive tutorial including quiz questions and videos
- Copyright Crash Course, University of Texas; includes links and information about various types of copywrite licenses, and includes a link to a plagiarism quiz
- How to Avoid Plagiarism: An Information Literacy Tutorial, Rutgers University; video tutorial explaining what plagiarism is and ways to avoid plagiarizing
- Online Tutorial on Academic Integrity, Northern Illinois University, Faculty Development and Instructional Design Center. Self-paced tutorial to increase students' understanding of academic honesty, includes printable certificate of completion.
- Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It, Indiana University, includes examples and analysis.
- Plagiarism Prevention for Students, Cal State San Marcos; text guide to plagiarism with periodic checkpoints for students' understanding and with citation guides
- Plagiarism Resource Site, Colby College, Bates College, Bowdoin College; includes an overview of terms and an introduction to academic honesty, as well as a self-test
- Plagiarism Tutorial, Lycoming College; interactive plagiarism tutorial with tips for organizing, writing, and citing sources
Quizzes for Students on Academic Integrity
- Academic Integrity Quiz, Office of Student Rights & Responsibilities, University of Missouri.
- "Don't Do This!" Quiz on Academic Integrity, University of Southern California.
- What You Don't Know About Academic Integrity Could Cost You! Quiz, Falvey Memorial Library, Villanova University.
More Strategies for Promoting Academic Honesty
- Academic Integrity, Center for Teaching Excellence, Cornell University.
- Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers, Robert Harris. Covers ways that professors can be more aware of plagiarism, eight ways to potentially avoid it, and ways to detect it (and clues to look for).
- Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, Council of Writing Program Administrators
- Encouraging the Practice of Academic Integrity, University of North Carolina Greensboro. See Appendix A, includes faculty obligations.
- International Center for Academic Integrity, Clemson University, contains articles and resources
- Promoting Academic Integrity in Online Education, Magna Publications. Report on cheating in the online setting, online proctoring for exams, identity "gifting", and 91 ways to maintain honesty in online courses.
- Tips for Promoting Academic Honesty, Senate Faculty Committee on Academic Honesty, UC Irvine. General information about plagiarism, and how to prevent it in future classes.
- What's Wrong with Cheating?, Michael Bishop, Iowa State University. Essay over the prevalence of cheating in higher education, why it is wrong and who it ultimately hurts, and what professors can do to combat the problem.
- Our Buggy Moral Code, Dan Airely, TEDTalk.
Also see these related pages in the Teaching Handbook:
- ATUS Plagiarism Detection
- Western Libraries: Plagiarism Policies and Guidelines
- Western Coalition for Integrity | <urn:uuid:74ea748b-1a06-427c-a6c1-73a6411bdaba> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.wwu.edu/teachinghandbook/student_considerations/academic_integrity.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676594675.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722233159-20180723013159-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.914224 | 2,194 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The Force is strong in Jedi.
The black Labrador retriever recently detected a drop in blood sugar in 7-year-old Luke Nuttall, who has Type 1 diabetes. His glucose monitor didn't pick it up, but Jedi did—and woke up Luke's mother, Dorrie Nuttall, as he was trained.
The California family's amazing story, which went viral on Facebook, made NatGeo's own Nicole Werbeck wonder, “How do dogs use their noses to detect human disease?”
Rocket the poodle brings a diabetes emergency kit to his owner Annegret Pross in Margetshoechheim, Germany, on March 17, 2015. [Photograph By Dpa Picture Alliance, Alamy]
Dog schnozzes are incredibly sensitive and quite complicated, which makes them excellent at smelling bombs, drugs, and even animal poop, which can help with conservation.
And numerous studies have shown man's best friend can detect various cancers, including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma.
Exactly what they are smelling—in other words what cancer and diabetes smell like—is not yet known, says Cindy Otto, founder and director of the University of Pennsylvania’s Penn Vet Working Dog Center.
But there's evidence that diabetic alert dogs, or DADs, smell a volatile chemical compound released throughout the bodies of diabetics. Chemists have not yet singled out the exact compound.
Since these helper dogs work with people, they get service-dog training on top of their medical-detection training—kind of like special agents.
A diabetes-alert dog, or DAD, in London. The canines go through vigorous training school. [Photograph By Tony Farrugia, Alamy]
During training, diabetic alert dogs are rewarded whenever they sniff the scent of low blood sugar, provided by patient saliva samples. That way they’ll focus on that scent to the exclusion of the many other scents they’ll pick up on the job.
Other Penn Vet dogs, who are trained to detect ovarian cancer, work only with blood samples in a lab environment.
When she was in grad school studying cancer detection, Maureen Maurer of Asisstance Dogs of Hawaii thought the dogs that already serve the disabled could be trained to do double duty as infection-alert dogs.
Many of Maurer’s clients have spinal cord injuries and can’t feel the pain that alerts most people to urinary tracts infections, which can turn life threatening if untreated.
Maurer co-authored a recent study that showed dogs can detect bacteria in urine samples with nearly 100 percent accuracy, even in samples diluted to 0.1 percent.
One dog even alerted a visitor that she had a urinary tract infection, which a test confirmed.
A second study conducted in hospitals, in which dogs were asked to detect bacteria in urine samples, is showing “promising results,” Maurer says.
Man's Best Helper
Stories like Luke and Jedi’s often increase interest in medical-alert dogs, and Otto recommends checking with Diabetes Alert Dog Alliance or Assistance Dogs International for reliable help in finding one.
She certainly understands, medically and emotionally, why they’re in demand.
“Right now my dog is sitting in my lap,” she says, and if she herself was in need of a DAD, “I’d like that much better than a glucose monitor.” | <urn:uuid:27c196ca-b267-4fbf-8d46-3a0763ddb519> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/animals/how-dogs-can-sniff-out-diabetes-and-cancer.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145648.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200222023815-20200222053815-00308.warc.gz | en | 0.955549 | 720 | 2.953125 | 3 |
This article discusses Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare
Case scenario: We Can, but Dare We?
Social media is one of the most popular and influential innovations in 21st century. The interactive and the instantaneous nature of social media makes it one of the most popular information and communication applications in the world, irrespective of social, economic, age and political status. In nursing profession, the use of social media and smartphone is widespread. This trend has raised considerable ethical and professional issues in the profession and the medical field is concerned.(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
One of the professional and ethical issues surrounding the use of social media in nursing includes patients’ privacy and confidentiality (Bernhardt, Alber & Gold, 2014). Moreover, use of social media in healthcare is subject to legal and regulatory implications for the professional and the healthcare providers. The objective of this paper is to investigate how social media and smartphones could be applied in healthcare to promote safe practice environment that is in compliance with the existing legal framework. To address the objective, I will first examine the case scenario provided and discuss it in context to the HIPAA Act and other legal and regulatory requirements. Secondly, the paper will critically evaluate the selected ending scenario, its implications and make recommendations on how to mitigate the various issues arising from it. The third part of the paper will explore the benefits and disadvantages of using smartphones and social media in healthcare setting and then complete the essay with a summary of lessons learnt from the scenario and the topic at large.(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
HIPAA, Legal and Regulatory Requirements
The scenario highlighted provides an example of how misuse of social media could potentially undermine the safety and treatment of the patients and jeopardize careers in nursing profession. In the scenario, the nurse violates the stipulated professional standards and ethics and contravenes the HIPAA regulations. As the nurse in charge of the night shift, the care provider is supposed to handle the incoming patients with outmost professionalism by observing the nursing ethics and the required code of conduct in regard to the use of social media (Peck, 2014). However, the nurse in the night shift abuses the trust of the patient by taking a picture of the critically injured client; sharing the images in the social media; recording and storing private and confidential information of the patient in her smartphone. Moreover, the nurse is careless with the information she has stored in her phone, as indicated by her leaving the phone at the place of work after the end of the shift. The legal implication of the nurse’s conduct is violation of patient’s right to privacy.(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
Patients’ right to privacy is enforced in various provisions, including Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Secondly, the nurse is in violation of nurse professional code of ethics, which requires treatment of patient with respect and dignity and ensuring that nurses apply their skills and knowledge to safeguard the health and safety of the patients. The role of HIPAA act is to ensure that the patients’ private and confidential information is protected from illegal third party access (Lambert, Barry & Stokes, 2012). HIPAA enforces the privacy rule by ensuring that the healthcare organizations are in position to provide data security on patients’ information that is in their possession and enforce proper mechanisms to ensure that employees do not have illegal access to the information or use it inappropriately. In this regard, HIPAA regulations are envisaged at protecting patient privacy by establishing individual recognizable information and determining who could have access to the information and under what circumstances the data may be applied or accessed (Lambert, Barry, & Stokes, 2012).(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
This paper explores the second ending, which involves receiving inducement of $20,000 from a magazine in order to release the photos of the patient. Additionally, the magazine offers to hide identity of the senders to protect them from possible legal action. Information from this ending indicates that the media already has information that the popular patient was treated at the facility and has identity of the nurse who attended him. I would recommend that the nurse should not have taken the picture and send it on social media. This is because, it is against nurse code of ethics, and secondly once the information is posted in the social media, it ceases being confidential and the sender no longer has control over it (Peck, 2014). (Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
I would recommend outright rejection of the financial inducement from the media house. Although the offer is tempting considering that I need a new car and settling few bills, it is against nurse professional code of ethics and personal values. To mitigate the problems caused by the scenario, it is of critical importance to inform the media houses that it is against professional code of ethics to release private and confidential information of a patient to the press, unless under written authority from that particular client. Moreover, I would recommend disciplinary action against nurses and any healthcare professional that deliberately gains illegal access to confidential information of the patient and then misuses the information for illegal purposes. One of the disciplinary actions that would recommend for nurses suspected of violating patient privacy includes reporting them to Board of Nursing (BON) (Lambert, Barry & Stokes, 2012).(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare
Although social media and smartphones could compromise on patient’s privacy and confidentiality, it has various advantages. First it provides an effective platform for nurses and healthcare professionals to network, and exchange ideas, which is important to promote their professional development. Social media and smartphones also provide an ideal platform for nurses’ professional organizations to contact and mobilize individual members on matters such as upcoming events and new development in nursing practice (Bernhardt, Alber & Gold, 2014)(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare). This helps the nurses to remain updated and in touch with current trends affecting healthcare system. One disadvantage of social media and smartphones is that they are some of the major sources of distractions in the workplaces, which prevent nurses from providing quality care to patients. Healthcare professionals spend considerable time on social media, which undermines their ability to form therapeutic relationships with the clients. The second disadvantage is that the information posted on social media could be distorted, because there are no mechanisms of establishing its veracity. This could result injuries or harms to third parties (Bernhardt, Alber & Gold, 2014).(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
Various professional and ethical principles govern the use of smartphone and social media in the nursing setting. First, nurses are not allowed to convey or place individually identifiable patient information on social media, or other online platforms. This includes images, and data that could lead to positive identification of the patient. Secondly, nurses are required to be ethical in observing and maintaining professional patient-nurse boundaries. In this regard, nurses are required to question whether distributing the patient’s information on social media would foster or ruin their established relationship outside the internet realm (Lambert, Barry, & Stokes, 2012).(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
This module on the use of information technology, particularly social media has taught me various things. First nursing professionals should not shy away from using social media so long as they are doing it within the established legal, professional framework. Social media is an effective networking tool that can help nurses’ professional advancement. In addition it provides an interactive platform for nurses to exchange ideas, and experiences, which is important to promote interpersonal relationships outside the workplaces.(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
Bernhardt M, Alber J, & Gold, R. (2014). A social media primer for professionals: digital do’s and don’ts. Health Promotion Practice, 15(2):168–172.(Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Smartphones and Social media in Healthcare)
Lambert, K., Barry, P., & Stokes, G.(2012). Risk management and legal issues with the use of social media in the healthcare setting. Journal of Health Risk Management,1(4):41–47.
Peck, J.L.(2014). Social media in nursing education: responsible integration for meaningful use. Journal of Nursing Education, 19:1–6. | <urn:uuid:c91f9743-4fcb-4ae0-b4a0-47740b1c1fa3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://premiumacademicaffiliates.com/writing-help/assignment-help/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-smartphones-and-social-media-in-healthcare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00866.warc.gz | en | 0.932373 | 1,810 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Ever since the invention of the laser more than 50 years ago, scientists have been striving to create an X-ray version. But until recently, very high power levels were needed to make an X-ray laser. Making a practical, tabletop-scale X-ray laser source required taking a new approach, as will be described by physicist Margaret Murnane in this fall’s Hans Bethe Lecture.
Her talk, “Harnessing Quantum Light Science for Tabletop X-Ray Lasers, With Applications in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,” will be given Oct. 18 at 7:30 p.m. in Schwartz Auditorium, Rockefeller Hall. It is free and open to all; a reception will follow.
“The story behind how [X-ray lasers] happened is surprising and beautiful, highlighting how powerful our ability is to manipulate nature at a quantum level,” says Murnane. These new capabilities are already impacting nano and materials science, as well as showing promise for next-generation electronics, and data and energy storage devices.
“Observing the fastest events in a variety of systems ranging from molecules, materials to biological specimen is an amazing capability both for fundamental science and applications,” says Katja Nowack, assistant professor of physics. “Margaret Murnane is a pioneer in ultrafast optical sciences. Her work includes the development of the fastest strobe light that exists which allows her to record some of the fastest motion occurring in nature and the development of ultrafast table-top X-ray sources. We are tremendously excited to have her as this semester’s Bethe lecturer and look forward to an engaging set of lectures.”
Murnane is director of the U.S. National Science Foundation STROBE Science and Technology Center on functional nano-imaging, a fellow at JILA and a member of the Department of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Colorado. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees from University College Cork, Ireland, and her Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1989.
She is a fellow of the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America Her honors include the Ives Medal/Quinn Prize of the Optical Society of America, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award of the American Physical Society, a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship, and election to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the Royal Irish Academy.
As part of the Hans Bethe Lecture series, Murnane will also present the physics colloquium, “Science at the Timescale of the Electron: Coherent X-ray Beams From Tabletop Femtosecond Lasers,” Oct. 16 at 4 p.m. in Schwartz Auditorium; and a Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics and Applied and Engineering Physics theory seminar, “Capturing the Fastest Charge and Spin Dynamics in Nanosystems Using Tabletop High Harmonic Beams,” Oct. 17 at 4 p.m. in 700 Clark Hall.
The Hans Bethe Lectures, established by the Department of Physics and the College of Arts and Sciences, honor Bethe, Cornell professor of physics from 1936 until his death in 2005. Bethe won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1967 for his description of the nuclear processes that power the sun.
This story also appeared in the Cornell Chronicle. | <urn:uuid:5ce5992f-92da-4274-904e-0395f88fd2df> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://physics.cornell.edu/news/manipulating-nature-x-ray-lasers-topic-oct-18-lecture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363125.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20211204215252-20211205005252-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.928029 | 728 | 2.75 | 3 |
Learning from the Sandy Hook School Shooting Tragedy
On December 14, 2012, twenty first-graders were preparing for the excitement of Christmas. However, these tiny children never got the chance to open their presents. A shooter entered their school and killed them along with six staff members. The tragedy of the Sandy Hook school shooting left a community and country yearning for better school safety.
The 7th anniversary of the tragedy in Newtown, Connecticut brings in the forefront of our minds the twenty six lives lost that day. It is also a time to reflect on the lessons learned from that catastrophe.
A COUNTRY IN MOURNING
The country watched in shock and pain as the names of the victims were released. Soon after, pictures of young, beautiful and innocently smiling children flood television and phone screens.
“They had their entire lives ahead of them. Birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own.” said an emotional, teary-eyed President Obama immediately after the mass shooting.
Consequently, it was horrible day, a tragic moment that shook the country to its core. Americans had many unanswered questions regarding the safety of our kids in school. Unfortunately, since the disaster at Sandy Hook Elementary, we continue to see violence in schools.
Without delay, school administrators and law enforcement agencies have created preventive and responsive plans to minimize casualties. Sadly, keeping our children safe from school shooting has been challenging even in the aftermath of Sandy Hook.
5 COUNTRY-WIDE IMPLEMENTATIONS
Five country-wide implementations in many regions throughout the United States after the Sandy Hook school shooting:
- Keeping doors locked and secured while class is in session is a top priority. It prevents unrestricted access to intruders.
- Enhanced and updated response training for teachers were created.
- Monthly to Quarterly lock-down drills are recommended for teachers to practice.
- Age appropriate conversation from teachers to students about in-classroom response during a lock-down drill.
- Law enforcement began training officers in solo-response tactics to better respond to school crises.
To honor the lives of those who were killed, victims’ loved ones have since shared beautiful tributes and set up scholarship programs, nonprofit organizations and more.
One of those organizations, Sandy Hook Promise’s mission is to create a culture engaged in preventing shootings, violence, and other harmful acts in schools. Sandy Hook Promise is a moderate, above-the-politics organization that supports sensible program and policy solutions that address the “human side” of gun violence by preventing individuals from ever getting to the point of picking up a firearm to hurt themselves or others.
Another organization is Safe and Sound Schools, a school safety and security initiative.
Safe and Sound Schools is another initiative that was formed as a response to the Sandy Hook tragedy. Their mission is to support school crisis prevention, response, and recovery, and to protect every school and every student, every day.
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- Sandy Hook School Shooting: 7 Years Later - January 15, 2020
- Learning From the Latest Active Shooter Scare in Boca Raton, Florida - October 30, 2019
- Marjory Stoneman Douglas- 1 Year Later - February 13, 2019
- An Alarming Trend: Social Media Threats of Violence - October 31, 2018
- FBI Report: Active Shooter Incidents in 2017 – Guardian Defense’s Takeaways - May 16, 2018
- Active Shooter Statistics, By the Numbers - April 24, 2018
- Participation in the 17 Minute National School Walkout after Parkland Shooting - March 16, 2018
- How to Barricade a Door Effectively During a Shooting or Terror Attack - January 31, 2018 | <urn:uuid:9fe00124-6748-40c7-81bc-336532b6ca39> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://guardiandefenseplan.com/sandy-hook-school-shooting-7-years-later/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304309.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123172206-20220123202206-00527.warc.gz | en | 0.954344 | 804 | 3.4375 | 3 |
What You Really Need To Know About Zika and Pregnancy
As the weather turns hot and muggy and family vacations are on the menu, you may be wondering what the latest recommendations about Zika virus are. It seems like just yesterday, Zika was all over the news, but there hasn't been as much talk lately about the dangers and the spread of Zika and especially Zika and pregnancy.
However, Zika is still a threat to pregnant women and women looking to conceive who have traveled to an area with Zika, or who have partners who have traveled to areas with Zika. Here's what we know so far:
It's best to wait to get pregnant, if you can. The virus can live in bodily fluids for longer than it does in the bloodstream, so a man can actually pass Zika through his sperm to a woman through sex, which is why the CDC recommends waiting at least six months before trying to conceive if you or your partner has traveled to an area with Zika.
Infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly. For a while, doctors weren't sure enough to say that Zika definitely caused microcephaly, but know they are confirming it, according to the CDC. Zika can cause microcephaly and other serious birth defects.
There's no known “safe” time to be exposed to Zika. We recently traveled to Mexico and although I wasn't planning on getting pregnant during our time there, I still worried about the chance, because it happens, right? Especially when margaritas are involved, ahem. Unfortunately, there is no known time when Zika is thought to be “safer” than others during pregnancy and it can cause damage through all three trimesters as far as doctors know now.
The CDC does recommend testing if you've traveled to an area with Zika. Although the official CDC recommendations encourage women who have been in a Zika-infested area who are trying to conceive or who are pregnant to get tested from their pregnancy provider, not all providers are equipped to provide the test. Especially if you live in an area that isn't familiar with Zika, your provider may not be familiar with the testing protocols. Your best bet may be to call your doctor first and ask what you should do before waiting all that time for an appointment. Also, not to alarm you, because the risk of Zika is very low, it is possible to get a negative test result if the virus has left the bloodstream but remains in bodily fluids (especially true for men).
Stay informed. The best bet if you're traveling or planning travel is to get educated about what areas are infested with Zika and don't be afraid to call the resort or hotel you're staying at to talk to someone local. Even within limited areas, some are more protected or at risk than others. You can also sign up to get text updates from the CDC so if you're traveling en route and something changes, they will let you know.
Overall, while the threat of Zika is still present, the overall incidence of Zika in the U.S. is still relatively low. That's not to say that Zika is not a threat, but it may be because people are being extra cautious about preventing Zika, which is definitely something we want to continue. So far, 1,963 women have had laboratory tests that may be positive for Zika. You can follow the updated numbers of these cases here and also follow the outcomes of what happened to those pregnancies. The latest counts show 80 babies born with defects in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:789a40d7-da48-4cbb-b9de-b9a84bbb9e81> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.everydayfamily.com/blog/really-need-know-zika-pregnancy/?internallink=detour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687837.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921191047-20170921211047-00042.warc.gz | en | 0.971391 | 718 | 2.765625 | 3 |
April 10, 2018
April 10th is National Youth HIV & AIDS Awareness Day, a day to call attention to the impact HIV/AIDS has had on young people in the United States. It is also a time to encourage young people to get educated on how they can prevent getting HIV and where they can go to get tested or get treatment if they have already been diagnosed with the virus.
Young people ages 20 to 29 years old represented 40 percent of new HIV diagnoses in Chicago in 2016, and they were the age group with the largest percentage of late diagnosed individuals, said Dr. Sybil Hosek, a clinical psychologist and HIV researcher at Cook County Health & Hospitals System (CCHHS).
In addition, more than half of the youth who are living with HIV don’t know it—the highest rate of undiagnosed HIV in any age group. And they are the least likely of any age group to be linked to medical care, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Youth aged 20 to 24 also have some of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI), especially youth of color, Dr. Hosek said. The presence of another STI greatly increases the likelihood that a person exposed to HIV will become infected.
Among youth, most of the new HIV cases occurred in gay and bisexual males in 2015, particularly those who were African-American or Hispanic/Latino. Transgender women and women of color also have high rates of HIV infection.
“Overall, while fewer Americans are becoming infected with HIV, key populations of young people continue to bear a disproportionate burden of the disease,” said Dr. Hosek. “There is still a lot of work to be done, nationally and locally, to get down to zero new HIV infections, especially among young people.”
For example, results from the most recent national Youth Risk Behavior Survey show that close to half (44 percent) of sexually active high school students in Illinois did not use a condom the last time they had intercourse – and 85 percent had never been tested for HIV, Dr. Hosek pointed out.
“Outreach efforts focused on engaging, educating, and empowering youth to get tested and take control of their sexual health are urgently needed,” Dr. Hosek said.
One way youth can take control of their sexual health is by getting knowledgeable about the HIV-preventive medication called PrEP, which has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by over 90% for people who are at high risk for becoming infected, Dr. Hosek said. Studies have shown that people younger than 24 years of age have low rates of taking PrEP as instructed.
“With that in mind, it’s critical that young people who are interested in PrEP talk to their doctors, but it is equally important that doctors start the discussion about sexual behavior with their young patients,” Dr. Hosek said. “We can’t just wait for youth to come to us—we have to bring these messages to the youth.”
Dr. Hosek also encouraged young people to get involved in research aimed at ending the HIV epidemic. Cook County Health & Hospitals System’s Adolescent & Young Adult Research has a list of active studies at its website, ayaresearch.org.
For anyone interested in learning more about PrEP, CCHHS has PrEP clinics at four of its facilities: Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Austin Health Center, Dr. Jorge Prieto Health Center and Provident Hospital.
As the largest provider of care to people living with HIV in the Midwest and one of the largest in the country, CCHHS also offers a variety of other services, including confidential counseling and testing for HIV and other sexually-transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS treatment. Visit CORE Center’s Patient & Visitor Services for more information. | <urn:uuid:6609a77b-720b-47e2-8188-2dc76475eb25> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://www.cookcountyhhs.org/announcements/core-center/today-is-national-youth-hiv-aids-awareness-get-educated-tested-and-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676593438.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722174538-20180722194538-00635.warc.gz | en | 0.96602 | 816 | 3.25 | 3 |
Previous Challenge Entry (Level 3 - Advanced)
Topic: Happy (07/12/07)
TITLE: Happy Dance
By Kathy Bruins
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Merriam Webster defines happy as “enjoying or characterized by well-being and contentment; joyous.” Our attempts to enjoy, or feel content, range from simple activities to acquiring massive material items or monies. There is a hole in our heart that needs filling to be happy, and in our strength, we reach for what we can see that we believe will fill that hole. It may make us happy temporarily, but sooner or later, leaks form in the patch we used to cover the hole in our heart.
Solomon was a man who knew all about getting anything his heart desired in the world to make him happy. He found it all meaningless. Read Ecclesiastes 3:12-13, “I know that there is nothing better for men than to be happy and do good while they live. That everyone may eat and drink, and find satisfaction in all his toil – this is the gift of God.” So it is God that gives the gift of satisfaction…or contentment. Reading further in verse 14, “I know that everything God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it and nothing taken from it.” It is not a temporary patch…it is a forever fix. God can permanently fill the hole in our heart that causes us to be unhappy with Himself. His Spirit is alive in us for we are His temples. The Spirit is not dormant, but alive and relating to us in a very close and personal manner. Psalm 68:5-6 reads, “A father to the fatherless, a defender of widows, is God in his holy dwelling. God sets the lonely in families, he leads forth the prisoners with singing;” God takes care of His people. In 2 Thessalonians 5:16, it says that it is God’s will for us to be joyful always. This doesn’t mean that when life gets hard, we don’t hurt. It means that when life gets hard, we know Who we can go to for help, and we can trust Him.
How do we experience this joy and honestly be happy? The psalmist writes in Psalm 68-3-4, “But may the righteous be glad and rejoice before God; may they be happy and joyful. Sing to God, sing praise to his name, extol him who rides on the clouds – his name is the Lord – and rejoice before him.” These verses demonstrate that as we praise and worship God, we will be glad. God’s Spirit that lives within us joins us as we praise God and lifts our spirit to another level that we are unable to reach in our own human strength. God inhabits the praises of His people.
Matthew 5:1-12, Jesus speaks about being happy (blessed) in the Lord, no matter what life has challenged you with. God has our every need in mind. The choice for us is to turn to God or turn to the world for happiness. Who do you trust? Who will you follow? If you choose the world to follow, disappointment will surely befall you. If you trust in God, Who is faithful in all things, you will be blessed (happy) and will sing songs of praise.
Happiness is contagious. As the Lord blesses you, you will be clapping your hands, stomping your feet, and saying “Amen!” in response. Your face will surely show it.
The opinions expressed by authors may not necessarily reflect the opinion of FaithWriters.com.
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JOIN US at FaithWriters for Free. Grow as a Writer and Spread the Gospel. | <urn:uuid:afebfea3-47d8-4440-baf6-395547eb9b29> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.faithwriters.com/wc-article-level3-previous.php?id=17006 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00495-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950626 | 831 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Pre-eclampsia is one of the most serious conditions affecting pregnant women. It is diagnosed when a woman develops high blood pressure (hypertension), protein in her urine (proteinuria), and/or swelling of the hands, feet and/or face during pregnancy. In severe cases, there may be evidence of damage to the kidneys or liver, accumulation of fluid in the lungs, or disturbances of the central nervous system. About 3 to 7 percent of pregnant women develop pre-eclampsia, which can occur after week 20 of pregnancy.
Untreated pre-eclampsia is dangerous because it can harm the mother's organs and lead to seizures. If these seizures, called eclampsia, aren't treated right away, they are usually fatal for a woman and her baby. Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia can also lead to low birth weight in the baby, premature delivery, which can cause health problems in the baby, or placental abruption, in which the placenta comes loose from the uterus before the baby is born, causing bleeding.
Pre-eclampsia can also progress to HELLP syndrome, another life-threatening condition. It is called HELLP because it is defined by the breakdown of red blood cells (Hemolysis), Elevated Liver enzymes and a Low Platelet count.
One out of every 200 women with untreated pre-eclampsia progresses to eclampsia. Most cases of eclampsia occur in the third trimester of pregnancy or within 4 days after delivery. Rarely, it may develop up to 6 weeks after delivery.
Pre-eclampsia sometimes causes symptoms that are very similar to those of normal pregnancy. Some women with pre-eclampsia may have no symptoms at all. That is why it is important to regularly attend all prenatal checkups. During the checkup, the healthcare practitioner will do a physical exam and perform laboratory tests to look for the "silent" signs of pre-eclampsia, like high blood pressure and protein in the urine. | <urn:uuid:558c920a-6973-4e7b-80fc-91ec04c5b549> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://labtestsonline.org/conditions/pre-eclampsia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735867.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804131928-20200804161928-00542.warc.gz | en | 0.94115 | 428 | 3.46875 | 3 |
By sequencing a handful of individuals who lived in Morocco some 13,900 to 15,100 years ago, investigators found clues to past population mergers in North Africa.
Sequence data for ancient and modern individuals in Remote Oceania and beyond suggests early populations were replaced without corresponding language changes.
A genetic analysis in PLOS One finds that Chinook salmon living in the Columbia River have lost much of their genetic diversity.
University of Pennsylvania researchers sequenced single mitochondria, which they noted could be used to track the development of mitochondrial disease.
Mitochondrial and nuclear genome sequences from straight-tusked elephants indicated they were a sister lineage to African forest elephants.
The team uncovered ties to Near Eastern and Levant populations with mitochondrial genome sequences and genome-wide SNP profiles for up to 90 Egyptian mummies.
In PLOS this week: selective constraint within aspen tree buds, bird phylogenetic diversity varies by latitude, and more.
An analysis of Aboriginal Australian samples stretching back to the 1920s suggests these populations may have been on the continent for up to 50,000 years.
In PLOS this week: chromosomal insertion mechanisms, phylogeographic analysis of the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and more.
Using mitochondrial sequence data for hundreds of simplex families, investigators found predicted pathogenic heteroplasmic mutations were over-represented.
A new analysis examines the gender gap among paper authors in the sciences and says it may take decades or more to close.
Researchers have uncovered signals of selection that may enable the Bajau people to free five hundreds of feet deep, Reuters reports.
In Science this week: paternally inherited cis-regulatory structural variants in autism, and more.
A new report outlines issues facing the implementation of personalized medicine in the UK, the Independent reports. | <urn:uuid:a4306a86-4d8e-4f16-b39b-46adb94bbcc9> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://www.genomeweb.com/technology/mitochondrial-sequencing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945448.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421203546-20180421223546-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.901189 | 370 | 2.984375 | 3 |
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|Regions with significant populations|
|north central Kenya|
|Related ethnic groups|
|Rendille, Datoga, Turkana, Kalenjin|
The Samburu are a Nilotic people of north-central Kenya. The Samburu are semi-nomadic pastoralists who herd mainly cattle but also keep sheep, goats and camels. The name they use for themselves is Lokop or Loikop, a term which may have a variety of meanings which Samburu themselves do not agree on. Many assert that it refers to them as "owners of the land" ("lo" refers to ownership, "nkop" is land) though others present a very different interpretation of the term. The Samburu speak the Samburu dialect of the Maa language, which is a Nilo-Saharan language. There are many game parks in the area, one of the most well known is Samburu National Reserve.The Samburu is the third largest in the Maa community of Kenya and Tanzania,after the Kisonko(Isikirari)of Tanzania and Purko of Kenya and Tanzania.
The Samburu are a gerontocracy. The power of elders is linked to the belief in their curse, underpinning their monopoly over arranging marriages and taking on further wives. This is at the expense of unmarried younger men, whose development up to the age of thirty is in a state of social suspension, prolonging their adolescent status. The paradox of Samburu gerontocracy is that popular attention focuses on the glamour and deviant activities of these footloose bachelors, which extend to a form of gang feuding between clans, widespread suspicions of covert adultery with the wives of older men, and theft of their stock.
Men wear a cloth which is often pink or black and is wrapped around their waist in a manner similar to a Scottish Kilt. They adorn themselves with necklaces, bracelets and anklets, like other sub tribes of the Maasai community. Members of the moran age grade (i.e. "warriors") typically wear their hair in long braids, which they shave off when they become elders. It may be colored using red ochre. Their bodies are sometimes decorated with ochre, as well. Women wear two pieces of blue or purple cloth, one piece wrapped around the waist, the second wrapped over the chest. Women keep their hair shaved and wear numerous necklaces and bracelets. In the past decade, traditional clothing styles have changed. Some men may wear the 1980s-90s style of red tartan cloth or they may wear a dark green/blue plaid cloth around their waists called 'kikoi', often with shorts underneath. Marani (Lmuran) (warriors) wear a cloth that may be floral or pastel. Some women still wear two pieces of blue or red cloth, but it has become fashionable to wear cloths with animal or floral patterns in deep colors. Women may also often wear small tank tops with their cloths, and plaid skirts have also become common.
Food and society
Traditionally Samburu relied almost solely on their herds, although trade with their neighbors and use of wild foods were also important. Before the colonial period, cow, goat, and sheep milk was the daily staple. Oral and documentary evidence suggests that small stock were significant to the diet and economy at least from the eighteenth century forward. In the twenty-first century, cattle and small stock continue to be essential to the Samburu economy and social system. Milk is still a valued part of Samburu contemporary diet when available, and may be drunk either fresh, or fermented; "ripened" milk is often considered superior. Meat from cattle is eaten mainly on ceremonial occasions, or when a cow happens to die. Meat from small stock is eaten more commonly, though still not on a regular basis. Today Samburu rely increasingly on purchased agricultural products—with money acquired mainly from livestock sales—and most commonly maize meal is made into a porridge. Tea is also very common, taken with large quantities of sugar and (when possible) much milk, and is actually a staple of contemporary Samburu diet. Blood is both taken from living animals, and collected from slaughtered ones. There are at least 13 ways that blood can be prepared, and may form a whole meal. Some Samburu these days have turned to agriculture, with varying results.
FGM, Circumcision, Genital Mutilation
The Samburu practice male (foreskin) and female (clitoris) genital mutilation. Boys get circumcised in their teenage year, girls before marriage. Unmutilated girls are forced to have sex if they are part of "Beading" but are not allowed to have children.
The Samburu believe that God (Nkai) is the source of all protection from the hazards of their existence. But God also inflicts punishment if an elder curses a junior for some show of disrespect. The elder’s anger is seen as an appeal to God, and it is God who decides if the curse is justified. Faced with misfortune and following some show of disrespect towards an older man, the victim should approach his senior and offer reparation in return for his blessing. This calms the elder's anger and restores God’s protection. It is however uncommon for an elder to curse a junior. Curses are reserved for cases of extreme disrespect.
Samburu religion traditionally focuses on their multi-faceted divinity (Nkai). Nkai (a feminine noun), plays an active role in the lives of contemporary Samburu. It is not uncommon for children and young people, especially women, to report visions of Nkai. Some of these children prophesy for some period of time and a few gain a reputation for prophecy throughout their lives. Besides these spontaneous prophets, Samburu have ritual diviners, or Shamans, called 'loibonok' who divine the causes of individual illnesses and misfortune, and guide warriors.
It should also be noted that many of the Samburu people are Christian believers in Jesus Christ. Many of the Christian pastors of the Samburu people reside around the central town of Wamba in the Samburu land. Many of the pastors in this area fluently speak English, Swahili, and Samburu. As the pastors walk out from the town to the “manyatas”(this refers to their small huts and the circular thorn boundaries that surround them), there they visit the churches they have planted among the people. When asked when they have church services, they simply reply, “When the pastor comes out, we have worship.”
In Western popular culture
Samburu have been widely portrayed in popular culture, ranging from Hollywood movies, major television commercials, and mainstream journalism. Such portrayals make good use of Samburu’s colorful cultural traditions, but sometimes at the expense of accuracy. One of the earlier film appearances by Samburu was in the 1953 John Ford classic Mogambo, in which they served as background for stars such as Clark Gable, Grace Kelly and Ava Gardner.
In the 1990s, 300 Samburu traveled to South Africa to play opposite Kevin Bacon in the basketball comedy The Air Up There, in which Samburu are portrayed as a group called “The Winabi” whose prince is a potential hoops star who would propel Bacon to a college head coaching job. Samburu extras were used to portray members of the closely related, but better known, Maasai ethnic group as in the film The Ghost and the Darkness, starring Michael Douglas and Val Kilmer. The 2005 film The White Masai—about a Swiss woman falling in love with a Samburu man—similarly conflates the two ethnic groups, mainly because the authors and directors believed that no one would have heard of Samburu.
Dancing Samburu were included in a MasterCard commercial. Samburu runners were famously portrayed in a late 1980s Nike commercial, in which a Samburu man's words were translated into English as the Nike slogan “Just Do It.” This was corrected by anthropologist Lee Cronk, who seeing the commercial alerted Nike and the media that the Samburu man was saying “I don’t want these. Give me big shoes.” Nike, in explaining the error, admitted to having improvised the dialogue and stated “we thought nobody in America would know what he said."
A tribe in season 3 of the U.S. reality television series Survivor - which was filmed in Kenya in 2001 - was named Samburu.
The traditions and cultural dynamics of the Samburu include those such as on CNN which revealed that the Samburu practice of young men giving a large number of beads to a young woman is tantamount to rape, . In a 2009 article MSNBC took readers on a tour through places purported to be in Samburu County, while asserting that ethnic conflict between Samburu and the neighboring Pokot people was the result of both sides starving because they had more cattle than the rangelands could support.
Indeed, the armed conflict between the Samburu and Pokot tribes has escalated since 2010 and it is almost entirely centred upon the declining pastures available for ever-increasing cattle herd sizes, numbering now as many as 1,500 cattle in a single herd. With the recurrent droughts since 2010, and catastrophic drought of 2017, the battles for pasture have led to both sides invading the nature conservancies of Laikipia County. The armed conflict is incited by politicians on all sides who use it as a means to improve the credentials among the so-called pastoralist communities.
- Ariaal people
- Camus people
- Maasai people
- Natural Justice: Lawyers for Communities and the Environment (South Africa)
- Samburu Project
- "Samburu in Kenya" (PDF). Joshua Project. 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- Spencer, Paul, 1965, The Samburu: a study of gerontocracy in a nomadic tribe, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. Spencer, Paul, 1973, Nomads in Alliance: Symbiosis and Growth among the Rendille and Samburu of Kenya, Oxford University Press, London.
- Plural of moran, as written by the Samburu people. Lesas, David Ltadale, 2014, Member of the Lmasula(Iltarrosero)clan of the Samburu sub tribe
- Straight, Bilinda. 2005. Cutting Time: Beads, Sex, and Songs in the Making of Samburu Maasai Memory. Pp. 267-283 In The Qualities of Time: Temporal Dimensions of Social Form and Human Experience. Wendy James and David Mills (eds.). ASA Monograph Series, Berg.
- Sobania, Neal. 1980. The Historical Tradition of the Peoples of the Eastern Lake Turkana Basin c. 1840-1925. Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
- Sobania, Neal. 1988. Herders: Subsistence, Survival and Cultural Change in Northern Kenya. The Journal of African History 29(1): 14-40.
- Sobania, Neal. 1991. Feasts, Famines and Friends: Nineteenth Century Exchange and Ethnicity in the Eastern Lake Turkana Region. Pp. 118-142 In John G. Galaty and Pierre Bonte (eds.) Herders, Warriors, and Traders: Pastoralism in Africa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Holtzman, Jon. 2009. Uncertain Tastes: Memory, Ambivalence, and the Politics of Eating in Samburu, Northern Kenya. Berkeley: University of California Press .
- Holtzman, Jon. 2003. “In a Cup of Tea: Commodities and History Among Samburu Pastoralists in Northern Kenya.” American Ethnologist 30: 136-59
- "Samburu Rites of Passage: Beading, Female and Male Circumcision". Change Insights. 2012-05-15. Retrieved 2018-07-09.
- Spencer, Paul, 2003, Time, Space, and the Unknown: Maasai Configurations of Power and Providence. Routledge, London. (pp.67-97, “Providence and the Cosmology of Misfortune.”)
- Lesas, David Ltadale, 2014, member of the Lmasula clan of the Samburu.
- Straight, Bilinda. 2007. Miracles and Extraordinary Experience in Northern Kenya. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Chenevix-Trench, Charles 1993 The Men Who Ruled Kenya. London: I.B. Taurus.
- Askew, Kelly 2004. "Striking Samburu and a Mad Cow: Adventures in Anthropollywood." Pp.31-68 in Off Stage/On Display: Intimacy and Ethnography in the Age of Public Culture, edited by Andrew Shryock. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- If The Shoe Doesn't Fit. New York Times, February 15, 1989 https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/15/opinion/topics-of-the-times-if-the-shoe-doesn-t-fit.html
- "Activist battles Kenyan tradition of rape 'beading'". cnn.com.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2011-05-15.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) | <urn:uuid:f29262d1-6d42-4ccb-af93-de11e7705478> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samburu_people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540553486.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20191213094833-20191213122833-00449.warc.gz | en | 0.939744 | 2,894 | 2.8125 | 3 |
When they get sick, bees raid their own "medicine cabinet," researchers have found. Specifically, when infected with fungi, they collect loads of antifungal plant extracts and coat their hives with them.
The mix of plant resins and wax that the bees usually use to line their hives, called propolis, have antifungal properties.
The new research could help beekeepers ward off fungal infection in their colonies, Michael Simone-Finstrom of North Carolina State University said in a statement. "Historically, U.S. beekeepers preferred colonies that used less of this resin, because it is sticky and can be difficult to work with," he said. "Now we know that this is a characteristic worth promoting, because it seems to offer the bees some natural defense."
The researchers studied 23 colonies, 12 of which had hives coated with "natural" amounts of resin, and 11 with the low amounts normally used in beekeeping. They then challenged the colonies with fungal and bacterial infections, and analyzed how many bees went out to fetch resin for the propolis in each hive, to see if the hive was sending out more foragers to get resin.
The researchers found that when facing a fungal threat the bees brought in 45 percent more of the waxy creation to line their hives, and physically removed fungally-infected larvae from their area. Interestingly, that means they have a better grasp of the germ theory of disease than humans did before the 19th century — things that come into contact with microbes tend to cause further infection, the researchers noted.
"The colony is willing to expend the energy and effort of its worker bees to collect these resins," Simone-Finstrom said in a statement. "So, clearly this behavior has evolved because the benefit to the colony exceeds the cost."
The bees were even aware of which fungi were harmful and which weren't. When infected with fungus that didn't cause disease, the bees didn't ramp up their propolis deposition in response.
Though this waxy substance can also defend the hive against bacteria, the bees don't seem to use it to the same advantage. The researchers saw what looked like a small increase in propolis in the hives infected with disease-causing bacteria, but the effect wasn't significant. "There was a slight increase, but it was not statistically significant," Simone-Finstrom said. "That is something we plan to follow up on."
The study was published March 29 in the journal PLoS ONE.
Related on LiveScience:
Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:fba6153e-f6c3-42ef-8064-fd11367f3b51> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/bees-self-medicate-to-fight-off-off-fungal-infection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103891.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817170613-20170817190613-00386.warc.gz | en | 0.97717 | 541 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The Cassini spacecraft looks toward the south pole and cratered surface of Saturn's moon Janus.
The pole of Janus lies on the terminator about one-third of the way inward from the bottom of the image. This view is centered on terrain at 42 degrees south latitude, 32 degrees west longitude. Lit terrain seen here is on the Saturn-facing side of Janus (179 kilometers, or 111 miles across).
The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on July 26, 2009. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 100,000 kilometers (62,000 miles) from Janus and at a Sun-Janus-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 63 degrees. Image scale is 600 meters (1,968 feet) per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.
For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/. The Cassini imaging team homepage is at http://ciclops.org. | <urn:uuid:d1616b16-eebd-4c45-957f-817154f79172> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11597 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1414119652530.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20141024030052-00071-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889874 | 306 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Movement that originated in U.S. Judaism in the 1920s. It regards Judaism only as a specific human culture, rejects the tradition of a transcendent deity who made a covenant with his chosen people, and does not accept the Bible as the inspired word of God. Its principles, as enunciated by Mordecai Menahem Kaplan, are based on the belief that Jews can live a distinctively Jewish cultural life without being religiously observant. Reconstructionists today number about 60,000.
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise.
For the full entry on Reconstructionism, visit Britannica.com.
Seen & Heard
What made you look up Reconstructionism? Please tell us what you were reading, watching or discussing that led you here. | <urn:uuid:4bd4ba6c-0d1e-49b7-a10a-cdcb7c6d49ae> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/reconstructionism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400372202.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123252-00172-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956836 | 161 | 3.625 | 4 |
That neat and tidy map of tastes on the tongue you learned in school is all wrong
Everybody has seen the tongue map – that little diagram of the tongue with different sections neatly cordoned off for different taste receptors. Sweet in the front, salty and sour on the sides and bitter at the back.
It’s possibly the most recognizable symbol in the study of taste, but it’s wrong. In fact, it was debunked by chemosensory scientists (the folks who study how organs, like the tongue, respond to chemical stimuli) long ago.
The ability to taste sweet, salty, sour and bitter isn’t sectioned off to different parts of the tongue. The receptors that pick up these tastes are actually distributed all over. We’ve know this for a long time.
And yet you probably saw the map in school when you learned about taste. So where did it come from?
Origins of the taste map
That familiar but not-quite-right map has its roots in a 1901 paper, Zur Psychophysik des Geschmackssinnes, by German scientist David P Hänig.
Hänig set out to measure the thresholds for taste perception around the edges of the tongue (what he referred to as the “taste belt”) by dripping stimuli corresponding to salty, sweet, sour and bitter tastes in intervals around the edges of the tongue.
It is true that the tip and edges of the tongue are particularly sensitive to tastes, as these areas contain many tiny sensory organs called taste buds.
Hänig found that there was some variation around the tongue in how much stimulus it took for a taste to register. Though his research never tested for the now-accepted fifth basic taste, umami (the savory taste of glutamate, as in monosodium glutamate or MSG), Hänig’s hypothesis generally holds up. Different parts of the tongue do have a lower threshold for perceiving certain tastes, but these differences are rather minute.
MesserWoland via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA
The problem isn’t with Hänig’s findings. It’s how he decided to present that information. When Hänig published his results, he included a line graph of his measurements. The graph plots the relative change in sensitivity for each taste from one point to the next, not against other tastes.
It was more of an artistic interpretation of his measurements than an accurate representation of them. And that made it look as though different parts of the tongue were responsible for different tastes, rather than showing that some parts of the tongue were slightly more sensitive to certain tastes than others.
But that artful interpretation still doesn’t get us to the taste map. For that, we need to look to Edwin G Boring. In the 1940s, this graph was reimagined by Boring, a Harvard psychology professor, in his book Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology.
Boring’s version also had no meaningful scale, leading to each taste’s most sensitive area being sectioned off in what we now know as the tongue map.
Long in dispute
In the decades since the tongue map was created, many researchers have refuted it.
Indeed, results from a number of experiments indicate that all areas of the mouth containing taste buds – including several parts of the tongue, the soft palate (on the roof of your mouth) and the throat – are sensitive to all taste qualities.
Our understanding of how taste information is carried from the tongue to the brain shows that individual taste qualities are not restricted to a single region of the tongue. There are two cranial nerves responsible for taste perception in different areas of the tongue: the glossopharyngeal nerve in the back and the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve in the front. If tastes were exclusive to their respective areas, then damage to the chorda tympani, for instance, would take away one’s ability to taste sweet.
In 1965, surgeon TR Bull found that subjects who had had their chorda tympani cut in medical procedures also reported no loss of taste. And in 1993, Linda Bartoshuk from the University of Florida found that by applying anesthesia to the chorda tympani nerve, not only could subjects still perceive a sweet taste, but they could taste it even more intensely.
Molecular biologists weigh in
Modern molecular biology also argues against the tongue map. Over the past 15 years, researchers have identified many of the receptor proteins found on taste cells in the mouth that are critical for detecting taste molecules.
For example, we now know that everything that we perceive to be sweet can activate the same receptor, while bitter compounds activate a completely different type of receptor.
Boy via www.shutterstock.com.
If the tongue map were correct, one would expect sweet receptors to be localized to the front of the tongue and bitter receptors restricted to the back. But this is not the case. Rather, each receptor type is found across all taste areas in the mouth.
Despite the scientific evidence, the tongue map has burrowed its way into common knowledge and is still taught in many classrooms and textbooks today.
The true test doesn’t require a laboratory, though. Brew a cup of coffee. Crack open a soda. Touch a salted pretzel to the tip of the tongue. In any test, it becomes clear the tongue can perceive these tastes all over.
This piece was coauthored by Drew Wilson, communications specialist at the University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste. | <urn:uuid:242c37be-6c01-4aa6-8434-009133312667> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.rawstory.com/2015/07/that-neat-and-tidy-map-of-tastes-on-the-tongue-you-learned-in-school-is-all-wrong/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00344-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956614 | 1,161 | 3.71875 | 4 |
MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
girls worldwide say "education opens doors for all girls and boys"
The aim is to make sure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling.
Are targets being met?
- Education is a basic human right and fundamental to the fight for human dignity and freedom. For 125 million children and 880 million adults, that right is violated every day.
- Global enrolment in primary education increased from 596 million in 1990, to 648 million children in 2000. But there are still an estimated 100 million children worldwide who are not in school, more than half of whom are girls.
- With the help of donor funds and debt relief, in 2002 Tanzania was able to make primary education free for all Tanzanian children. 1.6 million children enrolled in school and by 2003, 3.1 million extra children were going to school.
- Uganda, Malawi, Kenya and Zambia have all been able to eliminate school fees.
- Most of the countries in the Middle East/North Africa, East Asia and the Pacific and Latin America and Caribbean regions appear to be on course for 2015, along with Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. While the rate of increase needs to improve, the target can certainly be met. In all of these regions, along with extra enrolment/attendance we need to see high rates of primary education schooling completed.
- Attendance data based on household surveys show the number of children of primary school age that are out of school has declined in recent years, from 115 million in 2002 to 101 million in 2007. This is substantial progress, and many countries are close to delivering universal primary education.
Did you know?
- Currently there are more than 100 million children of primary school age not in school.
- More than one in four adults worldwide cannot read or write and two-thirds are women.
- A single year of primary school increases the wages people earn later in life by 5-15 per cent for boys and even more for girls.
Position StatementsWAGGGS has published several position statements on issues that are relevant to girls and young women worldwide. The statements contain information on what WAGGGS has to say about the topic, background facts and case studies. WAGGGS’ Member Organizations can find them on the Members’ Area of WAGGGS’ website or you can request them from firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:3892b56d-7293-4bb6-aa7c-d77dd276c953> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.wagggs.org/en/take_action/gat/mdgs/mdg2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768636.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00077-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957008 | 510 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Reports reveal that, for the first time, the number of active mobile devices in the world are more than the global human population.
Many of the active mobile devices are termed as "smart," and an increasing percentage of these devices are only able to communicate with each other.
According to the world population counter of the U.S. Census Bureau, there are almost 7.2 billion people on Earth. The population grows by around 2 people per second, which is equivalent to 1.2 percent per year.
According to the active mobile connections counter of mobile analysis company GSMA Intelligence, on the other hand, there are now over 7.2 billion active SIM cards in the world. In addition, the figure is increasing more than five times faster than the human population.
"No other technology has impacted us like the mobile phone. It's the fastest growing manmade phenomenon ever -- from zero to 7.2 billion in three decades," said Kevin Kimberlin, chairman of Spencer Trask & Co.
Spencer Trask & Co. assisted in pooling funding for Millicom, the cellular pioneer company that was the only startup selected by the Federal Communications Commission to show the viability of the technology of cellular. Millicom is currently working to deliver mobile connections to certain developing nations through the aid of bigger companies such as Facebook.
"To me, it was miraculous," said Millicom director Leonard Gubar regarding the mobile phone. "Now today, you can do everything with a mobile phone."
While there are currently more active SIM cards than humans, only a little lower than 50 percent are mobile subscribers, meaning that there are about two active SIM cards per person in the world.
However, what adds so much to the active SIM card numbers are the active connections between machines that currently number to about a quarter of a billion. These connections are used in objects such as medical appliances, cars, freight packages and smart utility meters.
The other side of the story, however, is that a little more than 50 percent of the world population do not have access to a mobile phone, which is currently able to provide a wide variety of services to people in practically every aspect of modern life.
GSMA Intelligence data also showed that all the connected devices and people are leading to revenue of $1.1 trillion in 2014, which is an increase of 3.75 percent compared to 2013.
However, with the invention of new messaging services and apps such as Facebook Messenger and Viber, along with free communications through Wi-Fi networks, the average revenue per user is declining at $12.15, a decrease of 3.97 percent compared to 2013. | <urn:uuid:d5ffd858-199d-4399-824e-319879330b8a> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/17431/20141008/mobile-devices-now-outnumber-humans-report.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890394.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121080507-20180121100507-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966274 | 541 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A research project spanning three decades has merged Menominee Indian culture with today's mapping technology to inform people about Wisconsin's history.
The result is the Menominee Place Names Map, a collaborative project between staff members at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and Mike Hoffman, the cultural consultant and adviser to the Menominee Clans Story, a permanent display at the Albertson Learning Resources Center on campus.
The display features 36 hand-carved wood figures that represent the tribe's clan system. Hoffman took over his position in 2000 from the late James Frechette Jr., a Menominee traditional artist who created the carvings.
A descendant of both Menominee and Ottawa Indian tribes, Hoffman, 63, also has the Menominee name Cihkwanahkwat, which translates into "Meteor Cloud that Makes It Clear." He said the desire to learn more about the names of places or landforms such as rivers in the state in the Menominee language -- and connect more with his own cultures -- started while he was growing up in Nekoosa.
"I would ask someone if they knew what a name meant and I would hear they thought it was an Indian name, but they weren't sure," Hoffman said. "The Menominee have been here for at least 10,000 years and named these places before anyone else was here. So I spent years working on it, sitting at my table with butcher paper.
Ray Reser, director of the UWSP Museum of Natural History, is an archaeologist who began working with Hoffman on the map about five years ago and recruited Joe Martell, a UWSP student studying geography, to assist with the map. Reser said the satellite imagery and more than 40 geographic information system layers were used to create a map of the state that includes names of places and landforms in both English and Menominee. However, Reser said more important was Hoffman's work in connecting with tribe members who speak the Menominee language.
"The fact is, there are probably only six or seven people, including Mike, at this point who are able to be conversational in the language, and those people are becoming older," Reser said. "This is probably not a project that would have been able to be done a couple of decades from now, so for Mike to be able to connect with people, some of whom are no longer here, and be able to gain such an understanding of that oral history was invaluable."
Hoffman hopes the map, which will be on display at the Albertson Learning Resources Center, will help promote Menominee culture, which is struggling to maintain a foothold with the younger generation.
"We're being overwhelmed by the dominant culture right now," Hoffman said. "I'm proud of my heritage, and it's important to be able to pass that history on." | <urn:uuid:3944991d-952c-4e71-b10a-d5754254b7b1> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_23986324/stevens-point-wis-map-project-aims-promote-menominee | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462700.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00060-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976359 | 603 | 2.65625 | 3 |
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In Classical Deductive reasoning, you cannot say anything about Q -> P from P -> Q. However, probabilistic reasoning allows you to say something about the probability of Q given P from the probability of P given Q. The attached document explores this through two examples.
Tagsbiases probability exposition justifying scientific inquiry
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Providing students with the ability to justify claims is one of the basic commitments of Inquiry Oriented Education. The attached documents explores the concepts involved in justification as well as bunch of exercises and examples for students to engage with.
Tagsexposition humanistic inquiry textbook chapter justifying scientific inquiry mathematical inquiry
There are various problematic concepts which students and teachers tend to accept without thinking critically. The concept of cicumscription is one such concept. The attached document outlines a concept clarification session on circumscription.
Tagsexposition conceptual inquiry lesson plan mathematical inquiry | <urn:uuid:c8bb95b0-8f70-4dc2-8f38-eac83ec17262> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://schoolofthinq.com/pages/28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589752.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717144908-20180717164908-00433.warc.gz | en | 0.904487 | 208 | 4.15625 | 4 |
When we think of a tumor, we tend to think of the cancerous cells themselves, rogue agents fueled by a mindless collection of mutations that spur uncontrolled growth and division.
But cancer is not just the cancer itself. It turns out that the tumor’s neighbors can be just as important to the disease.
Like tiny con men, cancer cells are adept at tricking healthy parts of the body into doing their dirty work for them. Some tumors build physical walls around themselves by recruiting healthy cells or molecules to do their bidding. Many can trigger the growth of new blood vessels to supply them with energy for their expansion. In some cancers, like certain lung cancers, tumors can actually contain more noncancerous cells than cancer cells.
This “tumor microenvironment” — the noncancerous cells and molecules that are nevertheless an integral part of cancer — also heavily influences whether a treatment will work. Especially, researchers are finding, in the case of immunotherapies.
When it comes to this burgeoning class of cancer treatments that harness the body’s own immune system to attack tumor cells, the microenvironment is king. In fact, some recently developed cancer immunotherapies ignore the cancerous cells entirely, focusing instead on enabling neighboring healthy cells to slip out of the tumors’ grasp and realize their natural cancer-killing abilities. The tumor’s local milieu is so complex, however, it remains a major roadblock standing in the way of applying immunotherapies’ early successes in blood cancers to solid tumors like breast, lung, colon, liver and pancreatic cancers, which are the top five deadliest cancers in the U.S., according to the American Cancer Society.
“Tumor microenvironment issues come hand-in-hand with working on solid tumors,” said Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center’s Dr. Kristin Anderson, who is part of a team working to develop immunotherapies for ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.
That’s why cancer researchers need to understand it.
The microenvironment and immunotherapy
One of immunotherapy’s biggest success stories to date — a class of drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors, the first of which gained Food and Drug Administration approval in 2011 — owes its existence to the tumor microenvironment. One such drug, pembrolizumab (perhaps best known for sending former President Jimmy Carter’s advanced melanoma into remission), works by reinvigorating T cells in and around tumors. Some T cells, a type of immune cell, have the potential to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, but the tumors fool the T cells into ignoring them by triggering a particular molecular switch, said Fred Hutch immunologist Dr. Robert Pierce.
Photo by Robert Hood / Fred Hutch News Service
The cancer cells or other cells tumors recruit to their microenvironment “reach over and hit the snooze button on the T cell,” Pierce said. “The T cell sits there asleep — like sleeping beauty.”
Pembrolizumab and other checkpoint inhibitors in its class work by blocking the T cells’ molecular snooze button, “then they wake up and start killing the tumor,” Pierce said. Before joining the Hutch, Pierce worked at Merck, the pharmaceutical company that developed pembrolizumab, as part of a biomarker-development team, and he led the early efforts to test the drug in the rare skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma and in a type of lymphoma.
But the drugs don’t work for everyone, Pierce said. Even in disease types where some patients are seeing dramatic responses — like lung cancer and Merkel cell carcinoma — tumors in many or even most patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors do not shrink.
Which patients will benefit from immunotherapy?
For example, in non-small cell lung cancer, by far the most common type of lung cancer, only 20 percent of patients respond to existing checkpoint inhibitors, said lung cancer researcher Dr. Julia Kargl. But researchers don’t fully understand what separates those patients from the 80 percent who don’t benefit.
Kargl, a former Fred Hutch postdoctoral fellow who recently established her own lab at the Medical University of Graz in Austria, wanted to help answer that question. She and her colleagues in Dr. McGarry Houghton’s laboratory at the Hutch had reason to believe the types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment could be part of the reason.
Time is of the essence for better understanding the cellular makeup of solid tumors, Kargl said. Besides the handful of checkpoint inhibitors already on the market, there are many more checkpoint inhibitors and other related therapies in development in labs and in clinical trials around the world. As more and more new cancer treatments come on the scene, somebody will need to figure out which patients are most likely to respond to which drugs.
“We are hoping that if we know which immune cells are present in the tumor, we could better identify patients that can benefit from immunotherapy,” Kargl said. “We will need good criteria to select which drugs or which drug combination is beneficial for patients.”
Cancer islands in a sea of cells
In a study published earlier this year in the journal Nature Communications, Kargl, Houghton and their colleagues did a deep dive into the immune cells present in biopsies taken from 73 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The team looked at 40 different types of immune cells in each of those samples — and from all that data, a few highlights stood out. For one, these tumors contained a lot of noncancerous cells, Kargl said. More than 65 percent of the “tumor” sample was actually made up of immune cells.
Fred Hutch file
“When we think about a tumor, we usually think about the accumulation of tumor cells,” she said. “But when we look at these tumors, we have these islands of tumor cells and they are surrounded by immune cells. So there’s a really strong immune reaction to the tumor, but the reaction just hasn’t been the right one to kill the tumor cells.”
Those pools of immune cells in lung cancer mainly include one type of cell: neutrophils, typically the immune system’s first responder to infections or injuries. Normally, neutrophils live only six hours, but the lung tumors have figured out tricks to both keep the immune cells alive longer and to continually attract a new supply of neutrophils to the neighborhood. The tumors coerce the neutrophils to form living moats around the cancerous islands that other immune cells, like cancer-killing T cells, may not be able to bridge.
Past research has shown that patients with fewer T cells present in their tumors tend to fare worse overall — and are less likely to benefit from checkpoint inhibitors. If there are few T cells present in the tumor, there may be no cancer-killing cells around for drugs like pembrolizumab to “wake up.” But it’s not entirely clear why some tumors have plenty of T cells on board and some don’t. In their recent study, Kargl and her colleagues saw that lung tumors with more neutrophils had fewer T cells, and vice versa.
It’s not clear from their study what the neutrophils are doing in the tumors, Kargl said, and they don’t have biopsies from patients who have received checkpoint inhibitors — the biopsies were all taken from patients while they were undergoing surgery to remove their tumors, before they’d received any other treatments. But their theory is that if these neutrophils are actively keeping helpful immune cells out of the tumor, a treatment that killed off or otherwise blocked the neutrophils could allow T cells in — and could allow more patients to benefit from checkpoint inhibitors. The research team is currently conducting preliminary experiments in a mouse model of lung cancer to test the idea.
Making T-cell therapy work for solid tumors
The microenvironment also plays a big role when it comes to the success or failure of T-cell therapy, which relies on T cells that are put into the patient’s bloodstream to seek out the tumor rather than T cells that are already inside the tumor. This form of immunotherapy is showing early promise in certain blood cancers, but researchers are still working to translate that promise for most solid tumors. T-cell therapy most often entails extracting a patient’s own T cells from their blood, engineering the cells with new cancer-killing abilities in the laboratory, and multiplying them many times before they are infused back into the patient’s bloodstream.
Anderson, a postdoctoral fellow working with Fred Hutch immunotherapy researcher Dr. Phil Greenberg, recently led a study that underscored the importance of the tumor microenvironment in developing these immunotherapies for ovarian cancer. Anderson and colleagues found that engineered T cells can kill cancer cells, which leads to extended survival in a mouse model of the cancer. But the therapy is not ready for testing in humans yet, she said. The research, which Anderson presented in April at the annual meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research in Washington, D.C., also identified several roadblocks to achieving an effective ovarian cancer T-cell therapy that can eradicate the tumor, many of them related to the tumor microenvironment.
Photo by Robert Hood / Fred Hutch News Service
The team uncovered six separate ways ovarian tumors foil the attempts of engineered T cells to kill them. But the good news is that researchers may not need to solve all six problems to help more patients benefit from immunotherapy, Anderson said. Removing one or two of these roadblocks could boost the effects of T-cell therapy enough to overcome ovarian and other solid tumors.
Their first step will be to circumvent the molecular “snooze button” that — as with naturally occurring T cells — can put engineered T cells to sleep. Existing checkpoint inhibitor drugs could work, Anderson said, but researchers in the Greenberg Lab are also exploring whether they can engineer the T cells to stay awake at the same time that they’re engineering the cells with enhanced cancer-killing abilities.
The team is also working on two other forms of T-cell engineering to make the cells even more resistant to the tumors’ tricks. Anderson and her colleagues found that ovarian cancer cells — and the blood vessels around them — send “death signals” that cause T cells making their way to the tumor to self-destruct before they can do their jobs. Dr. Shannon Oda, another researcher in the Greenberg Lab, is working to change how engineered T cells receive that death signal, and then rewiring their internal circuitry to not only stay alive but actually increase their anti-tumor activity in response.
Other researchers in their lab are working on ways to allow T cells to process alternate forms of energy. T cells and cancer cells compete for limited glucose in their surroundings as an energy source, and the cancer cells often win. If T cells had a different fuel source, they might thrive in the hostile microenvironment even longer.
Although Anderson’s current work focuses on ovarian cancer, a particularly deadly and difficult-to-treat cancer, she hopes the roadblocks her team has identified — and the eventual routes around them — could apply to other cancers, too.
“If we can solve some of the issues that really plague us with these hard ones, then we can more readily apply [the solutions] to cancers that have fewer of these hurdles,” she said.
Rachel Tompa, a staff writer at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, joined Fred Hutch in 2009 as an editor working with infectious disease researchers and has since written about topics ranging from nanotechnology to global health. She has a Ph.D. in molecular biology from the University of California, San Francisco and a certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Reach her at firstname.lastname@example.org or follow her on Twitter @Rachel_Tompa.
Are you interested in reprinting or republishing this story? Be our guest! We want to help connect people with the information they need. We just ask that you link back to the original article, preserve the author’s byline and refrain from making edits that alter the original context. Questions? Email us at email@example.com | <urn:uuid:126e1e83-8dbe-431e-a269-72ebd6579158> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2017/07/tumor-microenvironment-research-informs-immunotherapy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818688940.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170922112142-20170922132142-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953067 | 2,574 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Monday independent activity
Today, we will introduce the multiplication symbol (x). A useful way to think of this is as meaning "groups of", eg. 3 x 2 is 3 "groups of" 2.
Drawing out the groups can help children to visualise this, then writing the addition also helps them to identify "how many groups and of which size" they have.
For the practical activity, children can draw the groups and write the number sentences in the back of their green book.
If completing the pdf worksheet, please put this in your plastic wallet.
If you would like some extra problem solving challenges, we have included some in the Word document.
The White Rose video is below if you would like to recap or catch-up the Zoom session. It is video 4 (Using the Multiplication symbol). The BBC Multiplication Boy video shows the learning in a real-life context. | <urn:uuid:6132a87f-4ceb-424b-be28-b93eb8dfed49> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.holytrinity.warwickshire.sch.uk/monday-independent-activity-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100724.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208045320-20231208075320-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.937913 | 187 | 4.625 | 5 |
You will come across various new bioengineering trends, which are worth stating. In fact, they are shaping the industry in more ways. They will surely have a huge impact on the sector in the few years to come.
Bioengineering is a field that is rapidly evolving. Moreover, its cross-disciplinary nature brings in various streams like biology, chemistry, engineering, IT and computer science, and nanotechnology. It is at the forefront of various types of discoveries. From vaccines to medical devices and disease management products, you simply cannot do without them.
Read about the biggest bioengineering trends in the current times.
These were used for patients looking at nicotine addiction management. However, if you delve deep into the subject today, you will find that it has spread its roots far and wide. Huge improvements and improvisations have taken place in the structure, delivery, and delivery mechanisms that have paved the way for more new-age applications. Now, these patches can even treat obesity.
Most scientists in the current age believe that when you take supplements or medicines to treat obesity, they undergo oxidative stress while passing through the digestive system. So, instead of taking medicines orally, you can now affix these patches to the concerned areas. These biodegradable patches have multiple needles that pierce through the skin and release compounds that reach the target site directly without having to ass through over routes.
Bioprinting is one of the most popular methods used in this stream. You can get living tissues made from biologically active cells. The bioprinting method is very similar to 3D printing on accessories today. However, bioprinting is done on human cells. Thin layers of cells are being printed, which dissolve into the recipient body’s underlying cells.
It is mostly used to replace defective, damaged, or tissues with congenital disabilities. Regenerative medication helps repair muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joint cartilages. Additionally, you will find various subdivisions within this realm.
Prolotherapy is one of them. It uses concentrated dextrose solution to stimulate the repair of ligaments, muscles, and tendons. Another technique has revolutionized hair regrowth therapies today. Furthermore, it is none other than PRP. It is a term that you have probably already heard of. Ozone therapy is another form that can reduce inflammation locally.
Today, you can measure your heartbeats, pulse rate, and the number of footsteps you have taken in a day. All thanks to wearable technology. They are becoming more and more multi-functional today. You can find one in every home, in the form of blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor, and pulse rate monitor, as well. Smart clothing has also entered mainstream fashion.
Fabrics now come with special polymers and vents that allow moisture to move out, or in as the case might be. The body’s temperature control is in our hands today. This is just one example of the medical-engineering evolution we are all moving ahead with.
Today, you will also come across various assistive technologies like prosthetics. The advancement in materials and development in the field has paved the way for prosthetics that are not only lighter but chip-enabled. It will not be very long when the prosthetic amputee patients can control their limbs with their minds. Chip-enabled prosthetics allow a lot of independence in mobility and flexibility in general.
Additionally, engineers in the bioengineering field are also working on robots to help people with muscular weakness and control. These robots promise to arrive in the form of Musculo-exoskeletons that allow people with nerve and muscular diseases to lead every day and hassle-free life. Secondly, the fraternity hopes to develop assistance in the robotic realm to transfer patients from the site of injury to safety in the smoothest manner possible.
Now, scientists and engineers in collaboration with IT experts are looking for new ways to directly deliver drugs to the site of injury. Microbubbles work as tiny micron-sized particles that are filled with gas. These are supposed to function as the carriers of drugs to be injected inside the body for distribution.
The next instance involves busting the bubbles with an ultrasound beam to lodge the contents where necessary. Additionally, you will also find some attaching devices with the bubbles to adhere to the site of tumors for instant treatment and action.
You will find these being increasingly used in ultrasonic imaging as well. The introduction of these agents of change in the bio realm is changing how you view the medical fraternity today.
You will come across more such technologies in the bioengineering sphere. Material innovations and the birth of microscopic devices are changing biomedical research and delivery scenes. Much research and development is underway and promises to open up more possibilities to enhance treatment and longevity. | <urn:uuid:27e21720-a1b4-4345-9c09-742c3f6403d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.technologyeducation.org/top-bioengineering-trends-for-this-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710941.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203212026-20221204002026-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.95472 | 1,000 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Study of Prejudice Against American Indians
In October 2007, The Tulsa World published a story about a study regarding racism toward Native Americans. According to the researchers, who were from the University of Tulsa, “The findings support the idea that although overtly racist ideas toward African-Americans appear to be less prevalent in contemporary America, overt racism towards Native Americans is present."
One thing I found absolutely shocking about the study was its methodology. According to the published reports, the results "were from a written survey of 55 white, middle-class college students in their 20s at TU who had been in college for more than a year."
Excuse me? Fifty-five college students? I will admit that my statistics class is a distant memory, but I seem to recall rules and formulas for calculating sample size. Indeed, five minutes of searching on google not only revealed the basic rules, but turned up a "sample size" calculator. You input the confidence interval (the old standard "plus or minus 4 percentage points") and the confidence level (95% is standard), and it tells you what your sample size needs to be. I selected a confidence interval of 5 and a confidence level of 95%, and the calculator told me I needed a sample size of 384.
If I reduced the confidence interval to 13, I could make do with a sample size of 57. Can you imagine the political pollster reporting that candidate X has a 4 point lead in the polls, with a margin of error of plus or minus 13? What does that really tell us?
And why survey only students at the University of Tulsa? To get a truly representative sample, shouldn't students from other universities, at the very least the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University have been included?
Fifty-five college students sounds like a class project, not a major research study. Fifty-five college students sounds like the initial springboard giving rise to a bigger, more comprehensive study, rather than the actual end of the line.
Given the problems with sample size, I would be curious to know the rest of the survey's methodology. How was the written survey administered? What were the study conditions? What questions, and how many, were asked? How were the answers caculated and analyzed?
The study itself is an intriguing one, and I would be absolutely interested in seeing the results of a properly conducted survey, or in seeing an explanation of why this survey was properly conducted. Perhaps I am wrong, but I am reluctant to jump to conclusions and accept the results as accurate, when for all we know, fifty-five hungry (and maybe hung over) college students were given a "check the box" quiz about product labels while waiting in line for breakfast Sunday morning - which is more offensive, the Land o'Lakes label or the Aunt Jemima label? | <urn:uuid:4d8e64e0-d9fd-477c-8d83-b626f7db9128> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://tribal-law.blogspot.com/2007/12/study-of-prejudice-against-american.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246658061.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045738-00073-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970016 | 576 | 2.875 | 3 |
Weighing processes are present at every step of lab or production workflows. Whether your focus is on consistent results, quality control or regulatory compliance, you need a robust weighing process to support your efforts.
Balances (also known as beam balances and laboratory balances) use two pans to compare known masses against unknown objects. They are operated until static equilibrium is achieved, which takes a few moments.
A weight measurement is a number with units that quantifies the amount of matter that makes up an object or substance. From weighing medicine to measuring the density of an airplane, a precise estimate of mass allows us to transport, record and use matter more efficiently.
The weighing process requires accurate equipment and procedures to produce reliable results. An inappropriate scale may lead to inaccurate measurements, which in turn, can have negative health consequences.
A balance is the preferred method of measuring weight because it’s more accurate than spring-based scales. In addition to the obvious benefit of precision, the use of standardized weights reduces error. Standardized weighing also helps promote international cooperation by making it easier to exchange weighing data without conversions. For example, a metric ton is equal to 10 quintals of weight. The simplest way to avoid measurement errors is by using a calibrated weight to check the accuracy of a commercial scale or balance.
The weighing process requires a balance or scale to be properly calibrated. Calibration involves comparing the display value of the scale with an accepted true number. This number must fall within an assigned measurement uncertainty range (see Figure 1). Contributors to this measurement uncertainty come from the weighing instrument itself, the reference weight used to calibrate and environmental factors.
Having an accurate weighing system is important to ensure adherence with industry standards and compliance with product quality regulations. It also helps avoid the cost of rework, waste disposal and customer product recall.
When selecting a calibration service provider, look for a team with years of experience in scale and balance calibration and formal NIST H-44 training. You should also choose a company that is dedicated to documentation, attention to detail and understanding your business needs. Documented calibration results are crucial for traceability and compliance.
Data analysis is the comprehensive process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. It’s the backbone of most research and analytics initiatives.
The first step in data analysis is to clean the raw data – this ensures that the data you’re working with is as accurate as possible. This includes erasing duplicate records, removing white space, and checking for formatting errors.
Survey weighting is the process of adjusting sample data so that it matches the target population for each question on your survey. The most common method for doing this is iterative proportional fitting, or raking. For example, if you want your sample to represent the distribution for education, the raking procedure will iteratively adjust your weights until they align with the desired population targets for that variable. You then apply those weights to your data. If your data isn’t weighted, it can lead to biased analyses and inaccurate results.
Depending on the needs of your audience, you can choose to provide your results in a PDF, presentation, or interactive dashboard. This will help ensure that your audience is able to interpret the data effectively and quickly.
The absolute method compares an observed or calculated data result, unrounded, to the specified tolerance criteria and determines conformance or non-conformance. This is commonly used in industrial weighing applications. It is important that collection process documentation clearly indicates when the absolute method is being used. | <urn:uuid:c7dc848b-170a-4529-b73d-b48475c86f33> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.basculasbalanzas.com/2023/11/19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203125921-20231203155921-00369.warc.gz | en | 0.918851 | 736 | 3.40625 | 3 |
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream! Celebrate National Ice Cream Day on July 17th with a sugar cone piled high with scoops of this frozen treat. Pretend that this favorite summer treat has no calories or contributes to high cholesterol and instead fill your mind with long ago trips to the ice cream parlor, parading in front of the glass case trying to decide which flavor to choose. Eating ice cream is one of those nostalgic summer activities that you can enjoy over and over, generation after generation.
While Baskin-Robbins may only have 31 flavors, over the years they have developed and carried over 1,000 flavors! On National Ice Cream Day, go beyond the traditional vanilla, chocolate or strawberry and check out one of over one thousand inspired flavors of this yummy in your tummy dairy dessert. Your favorite ice cream flavor might be one you haven’t even tried yet!
A Brief History of Ice Cream on National Ice Cream Day
Did you know that ice cream dates back to the Persian Empire before 400 BC? Early Persians would save snow from the mountain tops in underground caverns to bring out during the blistering heat of the summer months. They would pour the juice from grapes over the snow and eat it as a refreshing dessert or chiller to keep themselves cool. The ice cream cone itself was invented in 1904 at the World Fair in St. Louis when the vendor ran out of ice cream cups and a pastry from a neighbor’s booth was rolled into a cone shape to hold it.
Watch Out For Brain Freeze on National Ice Cream Day
Be careful! You can always pick out a person who is experiencing a brain freeze from the telltale grimace that instantly materializes when they start eating ice cream. A brain freeze, or ice cream headache, occurs when the frigid cold of the ice cream touches the roof of your mouth. This causes the rapid constriction of blood vessels on your palate, which nerves interpret as pain to the brain coming from your forehead. Since it takes approximately 50 licks to finish an ice cream cone, it could be a painful undertaking!
Thank Ronald Reagan on National Ice Cream Day
In 1984, the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan proclaimed July a month to celebrate ice cream, even though it was well known that he loved jellybeans above all other sweet treats. With over 90% of the nation’s consumers eating ice cream, it was fitting to have a special day dedicated to the frozen dessert.
However you choose to spend National Ice Cream Day, share a scoop or two with friends and family. Create memories that your children and grandchildren will relive on a hot, sticky summer day, hoping for a little chilly relief by picking up an ice cream ornament at OrnamentShop.com. | <urn:uuid:4acabc0a-cc36-4736-933f-86eb7832e9ca> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | https://www.ornamentshop.com/christmas-blog/national-ice-cream-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644065464.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025425-00145-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941807 | 571 | 2.765625 | 3 |
A beetle which destroys lilies has been reported in parts of Cornwall and north Devon.
The beetle can strip a lily plant in a matter of days
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) says the scarlet lily beetle and its larvae can strip plants in days.
The Society describes it as a "red plague".
RHS entomologists have been tracking the beetle since it became established in Surrey in the 1940s.
It remained confined to that area until the mid 1980s.
But in the last 20 years it has spread to many other parts of the country, and has now been spotted in gardens in the South West.
Entomologist Andrew Salisbury said: "This beetle reproduces rapidly and can strip a lily plant in full flower in a matter of days."
The reasons for the beetle's rapid spread are not clear, but the growing popularity of lilies and climate change are among factors being considered.
The larvae have dirty orange-red bodies with black heads and they are rotund with a humped appearance.
The larvae normally cover themselves with their own slimy black excreta and can be mistaken for birds' droppings.
With adequate food, they reach up to 10 millimetres in length, at which stage they pupate.
Gardeners have to rely on chemicals or hand-picking the beetles to control the pest. | <urn:uuid:39989a66-890d-4b2b-a336-3692050b6765> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/3119076.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00515-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970139 | 284 | 3.421875 | 3 |
We report our progress in developing a learning progression framework and associated assessments that document pathways to understanding, for middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students, two important aspects of biodiversity: how individuals and populations change over time. Adaptation by selection is limited by the genetic variation in a population. Similarly, an organism’s genes determine the possible range of phenotypes an organism can exhibit through interaction with the environment. Understanding both adaptation and phenotypic plasticity is necessary for predicting the effects of disturbances, including climate change and other human impacts, on ecosystems.
We administered written assessments to 937 middle and high school students in 5 states. We included a diversity of schools: rural and urban, low- and high-performing, and low and high socioeconomic status. In addition to written assessments, we conducted semi-structured interviews to validate written assessments and further explore aspects of student reasoning. We used the analysis of six assessment items and a variety of interviews prompts.
We identified clear patterns in student reasoning about evolutionary changes within a population that extend across selection items, confirming and extending the existing research literature. Students at lower levels of the LP describe all individuals as acquiring a trait in response to an environmental change immediately or over a “long time” with no indication of the importance of inter-generational transfer of genes. Students in the middle describe all or some individuals as acquiring a trait, often in incremental steps, in response to environmental change and emphasize the passing of traits to offspring. Students at the highest level accurately describe adaptation by selection. While patterns in student responses to plasticity items were less clearly defined, many students that correctly understood the mechanism of adaptation by selection (4% MS; 13% HS) did not constrain an organism’s phenotype by genes when asked about a scenario with an individual organism experiencing a phenotypic change (0% MS; 1% HS). We propose that understanding the mechanism of adaptation by selection is not what is limiting students’ understanding of how individuals and populations change, and instead that understanding the nature of phenotypic traits is their largest hurdle. Lower level students described phenotypes as shaped by heredity, response to the environment, and choice “pulling in different directions” while higher level students began to understood that phenotypes are shaped by genes whose expression can be modulated in response to the environment and that genes cannot be changed by the environment. | <urn:uuid:52f04402-1eef-4eed-b771-1373c5a3290b> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://eco.confex.com/eco/2011/webprogram/Paper27322.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657131304.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011211-00168-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948558 | 490 | 2.875 | 3 |
Spelling Words and Alphabetical Order List #96
In this spelling activity, students write each of 12 spelling words in a sentence. They use words which include everyone, collie, kinds, and doesn't. They place the words in alphabetical order on the blank lines at the bottom of the page.
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New Review Island of the Blue Dolphins: Vocabulary and Spelling
Accompany a classroom novel study of Island of the Blue Dolphins by Scott O'Dell with a spelling and vocabulary packet. Scholars define several terms and choose three of nine spelling activities to complete over the course of a week.
4th - 6th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Joseph Had a Little Overcoat: Flash Card Games
Expand the vocabulary of young readers with this series of five activities based the children's book Joseph Had a Little Overcoat by Simms Taback. From playing bingo to group storytelling, a variety of different approaches are presented...
1st - 3rd English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes
Practice word parts with a lesson plan about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. As kids work through a lesson plan that lists examples of each, they decipher common words by applying the meanings of their word parts to each one.
4th - 8th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
5th Grade Master Spelling List
Here's a spelling program that includes 36 lists of 21 words and 20 suggestions for weekly activities. Each list includes common and proper nouns, sight words, academic vocabulary, and words built on a specific Greek roots.
4th - 5th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Building Vocabulary: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes
Word roots, prefixes, and suffixes can hold the key to determining the meaning of a host of different words. Included here are five pages of prefixes, roots, and suffixes paired with their meanings and example words.
3rd - 10th English Language Arts
Word Walls for Intermediate Grades
Have you ever wondered how to create a successful word wall? The first two pages of this document highlight the positive benefits for having a word wall. There's also a section that presents the word wall routine which presents how and...
3rd - 6th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Improve Your Spelling with the Visual Thesaurus
Using Visual Thesaurus software, class members participate in a computer-based spelling bee. Then they work in groups to analyze the words and use deductive reasoning to infer spelling patterns. They then present one of their "rules" to...
3rd - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable | <urn:uuid:16173132-acfa-4a96-bf86-b976eb525656> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/spelling-words-and-alphabetical-order-list-96 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608669.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526163521-20170526183521-00428.warc.gz | en | 0.91729 | 564 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Scripture: Lectionary 225, Mon.Feb.27. Leviticus 19:1-2.11-18. Psalm 19:8.9.10. Matthew 25:31-46. Corporal Works of Mercy according to St. Matthew’s Gospel
Who are the “least ones” mentioned in today’s Gospel which is about the last judgment and entrance into the kingdom of heaven? The word used in the Greek text means the least, the smallest, and the insignificant ones. Both from the Hebrew Scriptures and the New Testament these are usually the widows, the orphans, children, and the stranger or foreigners. They like many today in the Sudan have no one to trust in except God. They are called the ‘Anawim Adonai or the “Poor of God” in the psalms. We meet them in almost every book of the Bible and God and Jesus are concerned about their plight and their lives. We are able to hear their voice (“the cry of the poor”) in some of their prayers found especially in the psalms.
Jesus tells us through this lengthy parable that we are called to do something about their situation if we are to be among the righteous and among his faithful disciples. Isaiah has already given us the lead in what to do and now Jesus spells out the good deeds (mitzvoth) necessary to help the “little ones.” We have listed them in one of the Lenten reflections as the corporal works of mercy. Jesus repeated what the good works are three times in this parable, so we can hear about the corporal works once more without being impatient about them being mentioned again.
Matthew lists them in the following order: 1) to feed the hungry 2) to give drink to the thirsty 3) to welcome the stranger 4) to clothe they naked 5) to comfort those who are ill and 6) to visit those who are in prison or are captive. The Catholic catechisms add a seventh—to bury the dead.
Matthew is a good teaching evangelist and even is known as a catechetical gospel among the four gospels. Mark is for beginners in the faith and Matthew continues to instruct and act as mentor for the members of his community. Repetition is the mother of learning and Matthew does repeat as we see so much repetition in this parable. Both those who do something for the poor and little ones of God and those who do not are put to the test in the final judgment whether something has been done or not done. We are summoned to do something this week for at least one of these good works. Maybe a good start would be to visit the sick. “Just Do it! Amen. | <urn:uuid:19c8de84-7e11-44e0-9254-fcb2183995d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://catholicmom.com/2012/02/27/daily-scripture-reflection-for-22712/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818686117.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170920014637-20170920034637-00294.warc.gz | en | 0.967689 | 569 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Find over 200 print-friendly fact sheets about heart disease and related health topics.
Thyroid cancer is a
disease that you get when abnormal cells begin to grow in your
thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and is located in
the front of your neck. It makes hormones that regulate the way your body uses
energy and that help your body work normally.
Thyroid cancer is an
uncommon type of cancer. Most people who have it do very well, because the
cancer is usually found early and the treatments work well. After it is
treated, thyroid cancer may come back, sometimes many years after
Experts don't know what causes thyroid cancer. But like other cancers, changes in the DNA of your cells seem to play a role. These DNA changes may include changes that are inherited as well as those that happen as you get older.
People who have been
exposed to a lot of radiation have a greater chance of getting thyroid cancer.
dental X-ray now and then will not increase your chance of getting thyroid
cancer. But past
radiation treatment of your head, neck, or chest
(especially during childhood) can put you at risk of getting thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer can cause
Some people may not have any symptoms. Their doctors may
find a lump or
nodule in the neck during a routine physical
If you have a
lump in your neck that could be thyroid cancer, your doctor may do a
biopsy of your thyroid gland to check for cancer
cells. A biopsy is a simple procedure in which a small piece of the thyroid
tissue is removed, usually with a needle, and then checked.
Sometimes the results of a biopsy are not clear. In this case, you may
need surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland before you find out if
you have thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer is treated with
surgery and often with radioactive iodine. It rarely needs
radiation therapy or
chemotherapy. What treatment you need depends on your
age, the type of thyroid cancer you have, and the
stage of your disease. Stage refers to how severe the
disease is and how far, if at all, the cancer has spread.
doctor may also remove lymph nodes in your neck to see if cancer has spread
beyond the thyroid.
Finding out that you have cancer can be overwhelming. It's common to feel scared, sad, or even angry. Talking to others who have had thyroid cancer may help. Ask your doctor about cancer support groups in your area.
Most thyroid cancer cannot
One rare type of thyroid cancer, called
medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), runs in families. A genetic test can tell you
if you have a greater chance of getting MTC. If this test shows that you have
an increased risk, you can have your thyroid gland removed to prevent thyroid
cancer later in life.
Learning about thyroid cancer:
Living with thyroid cancer:
Experts don't know what causes thyroid cancer. Like other cancers, changes in the DNA of your cells seem to play a role. These DNA changes may include changes that are inherited as well as those that happen as you get older.
One rare type of thyroid cancer, which is called
medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), runs in families. You
can inherit a specific
gene that increases your risk for
Thyroid cancer can cause many symptoms,
Some people may not have any symptoms. Their doctors may
find a lump or nodule in the neck during a routine physical exam.
is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells begin to grow in the
thyroid gland. You may notice a lump in your neck and
then go to your doctor. Or your doctor may notice a lump during a routine
physical exam or on an imaging test that you are having for another health
Thyroid cancer is usually found before the cancer has
spread very far. This means that most people who are treated for thyroid cancer
do very well. After it is treated, thyroid cancer may come back, sometimes many
years after treatment.
Before starting your treatment, your
doctor needs to find out which type of thyroid cancer you have. A
biopsy can identify your type of cancer. During a
biopsy, a small piece of thyroid tissue is removed, usually with a fine needle. The
thyroid tissue cells are then examined under a microscope.
also important to find out the
stage of your cancer. Staging is a way for your doctor
to tell how far, if at all, the cancer has spread. It also helps your doctor
decide what kind of treatment you need. Staging generally depends on the results of your radioactive iodine scan.
If you have your thyroid
gland surgically removed, you will probably need to take thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to replace the hormones that were made by your thyroid. Taking it will help regulate your
metabolism and other body functions.
A risk factor for thyroid cancer is something that increases your chance of getting this cancer. Having one or more of these risk factors can make it more likely that you will get thyroid cancer. But it doesn't mean that you will definitely get it. And many people who get thyroid cancer don't have any of these risk factors.
The most common risk factors for thyroid cancer include:
Call your doctor if you have any
of the following symptoms:
Health professionals who can evaluate your symptoms
and help determine your risk for thyroid cancer include:
Thyroid cancer is usually treated by endocrinologists,
nuclear medicine specialists,
medical oncologists, and
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
In order to diagnose
thyroid cancer, your doctor will ask about your
medical history and do a
Your doctor may check your vocal cords using a thin tube-like instrument that has a light (laryngoscope).
Your doctor may order a
CT scan or an
ultrasound to get a better look at your thyroid. If
your doctor thinks that the lump or nodule could be cancerous, he or she may
fine needle biopsy of the thyroid gland.
You may also
have blood tests to check the levels of your thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum calcitonin, or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
Other tests may be done before, during, or after your
treatment for thyroid cancer.
In some cases, an MRI, a chest X-ray, a CT scan, or a
PET scan may be done.
If you have
medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), a
CT scan of the chest and belly and a
bone scan may also be needed.
At this time there are not any screening tests for thyroid cancer that work well for people at average risk. Talk to your doctor about whether you need
to be screened for thyroid cancer.
People who have a family
history of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) may want to have a
genetic test to look for a gene change called an RET
mutation. Before you have the test, it is a good idea to talk with a
genetic counselor. He or she can help you understand
what your test results may mean.
The goal of treatment
for thyroid cancer is to get rid of the cancer cells in your body. How this is
done depends on your age, the
type of thyroid cancer you have, the
stage of your cancer, and your general health.
Most people have surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
Sometimes a suspicious lump or
nodule has to be surgically removed before you will
know if you have cancer or not.
After surgery, you may need
treatment with radioactive iodine to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue. When
you no longer have all or part of your thyroid gland, you will probably need to
take thyroid hormone medicines for the rest of your life. These medicines
replace necessary hormones that are normally made by the thyroid gland and
prevent you from having
hypothyroidism—too little thyroid hormone.
information on hypothyroidism, see the topic
Your treatment for
thyroid cancer may include:
If thyroid cancer is
advanced when it is diagnosed, initial treatment may also include
After treatment for
thyroid cancer, you may need to take
thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to
replace the hormones that your body no longer makes. You will also need
follow-up visits with your doctor every 6 to 12 months. In addition to
scheduling regular visits, be sure to call your doctor if you notice another
lump in your neck or if you have trouble breathing or swallowing.
At your follow-up visits, your doctor may order a blood test to measure your
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. This test
helps your doctor know if you are taking the right amount of thyroid hormone
medicine. Your doctor may order other tests, such as a
radioiodine scan, X-rays,
or a CT scan.
The side effects of surgery for thyroid cancer are usually mild and last a couple of days. Your doctor will talk to you about medicine you can take if you are having pain. You will likely need to take
thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to
replace the hormones that your body no longer makes.
The most important side effect of radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is that you will become radioactive for a period of time. Your doctor will give you written instructions to follow to prevent exposing others to radiation. For more information, see Radioactive Iodine.
Thyroid hormone therapy rarely causes side effects when you have the right dose. Too much or too little thyroid hormone can cause side effects.
Taking high doses of thyroid hormone may cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat. High doses taken over time may also cause weakness in your bones (osteoporosis).
Home treatment may help you manage your side effects.
Thyroid cancer may come back (recur). If thyroid
cancer does recur, it may be found during a physical exam, on an ultrasound, or
as a result of increasing
thyroglobulin levels. Unlike other types of recurrent
cancer, recurrent thyroid cancer is often cured, especially if it has spread
only to the
lymph nodes in the neck.
Recurrent thyroid cancer or
thyroid cancer that has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body may be treated with surgery, radioactive iodine, or chemotherapy.
Your doctor may talk to you about being in a clinical trial. For some people with thyroid cancer, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials for thyroid cancer are looking at targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Your doctor may talk to you about palliative care. This is medical care that provides an extra layer of support for people with serious and chronic illnesses. With palliative care, you have the help of a medical team to manage your symptoms, pain, and stress. For more information, see the topic Palliative Care.
Additional information about thyroid cancer is provided by the National Cancer Institute at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/thyroid.
Most cases of thyroid cancer cannot be prevented.
You may be much more likely to get medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) if you have a gene carried by some families. A
genetic test can show if you carry this gene. If your test is positive for the gene, you may want to talk with your doctor about having your thyroid removed to prevent getting thyroid cancer later in life.
There are certain things you can do to
feel better or to reduce the side effects of your treatment for
thyroid cancer. Healthy habits such as eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep and exercise may help control your symptoms. If you have chemotherapy, your doctor may also give you medicines to control and prevent nausea and vomiting.
You can try home treatments:
Having cancer can be very stressful, and it may feel overwhelming to face the challenges in front of you. Finding new ways of coping with the symptoms of stress may improve your overall quality of life. These ideas may help:
Having cancer can change your life in many ways. For support in managing these changes, see the topic
Getting Support When You Have Cancer.
thyroid cancer is generally treated with surgery,
medicines may also be needed to treat the cancer and to replace thyroid
Medicines to treat thyroid cancer include:
After you have your thyroid
surgically removed, you may have to wait several weeks before you have
radioactive iodine treatment to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue. During
the waiting period, you may have symptoms of hypothyroidism such as fatigue,
weakness, weight gain, depression, memory problems, or constipation.
doctor may also put you on a low-iodine diet before treating you with radioactive iodine. If you are
on a low-iodine diet, you cannot eat foods that contain a lot of iodine, such
as seafood and baked goods. Depleting your body of iodine may make radioactive
iodine treatment more effective, because your cells become "hungry" for
After surgery, you may need to take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of your life. Taking these pills rarely causes side effects if you are taking the right amount. But too much thyroid hormone can cause you to feel hot and sweaty. It can also cause weight loss, a fast heart rate, chest pain, cramps, or diarrhea. And too little thyroid hormone can cause you to feel cold and tired. It can also cause weight gain, dry skin, or dry hair.1
Most people with thyroid cancer have surgery to remove the cancer. You may have part or all of your thyroid removed.
The kind of surgery you have may depend on your age, the type of cancer you have, how much the cancer has spread, and your general health.
During surgery, lymph nodes in the neck may also be
removed and tested for cancer cells (lymphadenectomy). If thyroid cancer has spread to the lymph
radioactive iodine will be used to destroy the
remaining cancer cells.
Most thyroid cancers grow and
spread so slowly that you can delay surgery for a short time if you need to. If
you choose to postpone surgery, your thyroid cancer should be watched closely
Surgery to remove only
the part of the thyroid gland that contains cancer (lobectomy) is less
complicated than total thyroidectomy and less likely to lead to hypothyroidism.
But thyroid cancer comes back (recurs) after lobectomy more often than it does
after total thyroidectomy.
If you and your doctor decide that you need surgery, it is important to have the procedure done by a highly skilled surgeon at a hospital that has a good success rate. There are fewer problems from surgery when a person has a skilled and experienced surgeon.2
Radiation treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It is rarely used for thyroid cancer.
People sometimes use complementary therapies
along with medical treatment to help relieve symptoms and side effects of
cancer treatments. Some of the complementary therapies that may be helpful
These mind-body treatments may help you feel better. They can make it easier to cope with treatment. They also may reduce chronic low back pain, joint pain, headaches, and pain from treatments.
Before you try a complementary therapy, talk to your doctor about the possible value and potential side effects. Let your doctor know if you are already using any such therapies. They are not meant to take the place of standard medical treatment.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck
Surgery (AAO-HNS) is the world's largest organization of physicians dedicated
to the care of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. Its Web site includes
information for the general public on ENT disorders.
The American Cancer Society (ACS) conducts educational
programs and offers many services to people with cancer and to their families.
Staff at the toll-free number have information about services and activities
in local areas and can provide referrals to local ACS divisions.
The American Thyroid Association promotes scientific and public
understanding of thyroid disorders. It publishes a monthly journal and manages
a Web site.
Cancer.Net is the information website of the American
Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) for people living with cancer and for those
who care for them. ASCO is the world's leading professional organization
representing physicians of all oncology subspecialties. Cancer.Net provides
current oncologist-approved information on living with cancer.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a U.S. government
agency that provides up-to-date information about the prevention, detection,
and treatment of cancer. NCI also offers supportive care to people who have cancer
and to their families. NCI information is also available to doctors, nurses,
and other health professionals. NCI provides the latest information about
clinical trials. The Cancer Information Service, a service of NCI, has trained
staff members available to answer questions and send free publications.
Spanish-speaking staff members are also available.
CitationsNational Cancer Institute (2007). What You Need to Know About Thyroid Cancer (NIH Publication No. 07-4994). Available online: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/thyroid.National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011). Thyroid carcinoma. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, version 2. Available online: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thyroid.pdf.Other Works ConsultedAmerican Cancer Society (2011). Cancer Facts and Figures 2011. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. Available online: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-029771.pdf.American Thyroid Association Guidelines Taskforce (2009). Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 19(11): 1167–1214. Also available online: http://thyroidguidelines.net/revised/taskforce.Cooper DS, et al. (2007). The thyroid gland. In DG Gardner, D Shoback, eds., Greenspan's Basic and Clinical Endocrinology, 8th ed., pp. 209–280. New York: McGraw-Hill.National Cancer Institute (2011). Thyroid Cancer (PDQ): Treatment—Health Professional Version. Available online: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional.
July 27, 2011
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Matthew I. Kim, MD - Endocrinology
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. | <urn:uuid:6083840c-4f88-45a5-ab3b-439ee4237e4f> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | https://www.cardiosmart.org/healthwise/tv76/60/tv7660 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462751.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00010-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928565 | 4,045 | 3.375 | 3 |
RSPB First Book of Birds. Whether watching through your window or out and about, birds are everywhere! Learn how to tell wrens from pigeons with this enchanting introduction to 35 of them our most common birds. Through beautiful full-page illustrations accompanied by key information about each bird, this book is designed to encourage young children’s interest in the outside world and wildlife.
RSPB First Book of Birds provides a first look at the outside world for young nature spotters. Use the spotters guide at the back of the book to help you find each one. | <urn:uuid:9555c787-2ff8-428e-a9ce-858478f12c30> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.irishgardenbirds.ie/product/rspb-first-book-of-birds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510100.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925215547-20230926005547-00890.warc.gz | en | 0.936333 | 121 | 3.40625 | 3 |
03/24/2008 - Five years later, the United States remains at war in Iraq, but there are days when it would be hard to tell from a quick look at television news, newspapers and the Internet.
Media attention on Iraq began to wane after the first months of fighting, but as recently as the middle of last year, it was still the most-covered topic. Since then, Iraq coverage by major American news sources has plummeted, to about one-fifth of what it was last summer, according to the Project for Excellence in Journalism.
The drop in coverage parallels — and may be explained by — a decline in public interest. Surveys by the Pew Research Center show that more than 50 percent of Americans said they followed events in Iraq “very closely” in the months just before and after the war began, but that slid to an average of 40 percent in 2006, and has been running below 30 percent since last fall.
Experts offer many other explanations for the declining media focus, like the danger and expense in covering Iraq, and shrinking newsroom budgets. In the last year, a flagging economy and the most competitive presidential campaign in memory have diverted attention and resources.
Read the complete article The War Endures, but Where’s the Media? on the New York Times' Web site.
Read a releated survey Awareness of Iraq War Fatalities Plummets on the Pew Research Center Web site. | <urn:uuid:a97feab3-8ac7-41c3-a077-64cfda8e5527> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pewtrusts.org/news_room_detail.aspx?id=36872 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702444272/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110724-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961585 | 292 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A healthy body has cells that work well. If cells work abnormally, this condition can be the cause of cancer. Well, one of the treatments that can be undergone by cancer patients is radiotherapy or also called radiation therapy. So, what does this treatment and its side effects look like? Let’s check out the review below.
What Is Radiation Therapy?
Radiotherapy or radiation therapy is a medical procedure used to treat cancer. The procedure is performed with the help of powerful X-ray energy to kill and stopping the proliferation and spread of cancer cells lodged in the body. In addition to X-ray exposure, radiotherapy can also be done in the form of implants, injectable or oral drugs.
To improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment, radiotherapy is often used in conjunction with other methods, such as chemotherapy methods or tumor removal surgery. Radiotherapy is applied very carefully and fully calculated to minimize side effects in patients.
Maybe you know radiation as one of the causes of cancer. However, the radiation used in this therapy is not large enough to trigger cancer. Human body cells can recover quickly from this radiation.
Although the focus of radiotherapy is to treat cancer, radiotherapy is also used to overcome non-cancerous diseases such as tumors, thyroid diseases, and various other blood disorders can also be treated with this treatment.
An advanced stage patients are also encouraged to do this therapy, not to aim to cure, but to reduce the symptoms of cancer and pain experienced by sufferers.
Radiation therapy types
External Radiotherapy (external beam radiation)
External radiotherapy is delivered through a machine where direct light is focused on the tumor. Linear accelerators (also known as LINAC cases) use electricity to form a fast-moving flow of subatomic particles to kill cancer cells.
Other modalities of external beam radiation include Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), Tomotherapy, Stereotactic Radiation Surgery (SRS) and Proton Therapy.
Radioisotope Therapy (systemic radiotherapy)
Systemic radiation therapy requires patients to receive injections or ingest radioactive substances or radioactive substances bound to monoclonal antibodies that can travel throughout the body.
Radioactive iodine is a systemic radiation commonly performed to treat certain thyroid cancers.
Monoclonal antibodies combined with radioactive substances help to plan, find and kill cancer cells.
Radioactive drugs such as samarium-153-lexidronam (Quadramet) and strontium-89 chloride (Metastron) are types of palliative radiation therapy.
Radiation Therapy Indication
The doctor will consider radiotherapy with the following purposes:
- Being the sole procedure to treat cancer.
- Treat cancer combined with other treatments.
- Reduce the size of the tumor before surgery.
- Alleviate symptoms in advanced cancer conditions.
- Kill and clean cancer cells so as not to return after surgery.
Radiation therapy for cancer
Cancer is one of those dangerous diseases that is scary. One treatment is radiotherapy or radiation therapy by utilizing rays as energy intensive to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy generally uses X-ray power, but it can also use the power of protons or other types of energy. Radiation therapy serves to damage cancer cells by destroying the genetic material of cells that control the growth and self-division of cancer cells.
Treating Different Types of Cancer
Most cancer patients will receive radiation therapy as part of treatment. Radiotherapy is used by doctors to help with the treatment of almost all types of cancer. Radiation therapy is also useful in treating some types of benign tumors. Here are some reasons why radiotherapy is performed:
- As the only type of treatment for cancer.
- Combination with other types of treatments such as chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells.
- Stop the growth of cancer cells that still exists after surgery (adjuvant therapy).
- Reduce the size of a cancer before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy).
- In advanced cancer, to alleviate symptoms caused by cancer.
Radiation Therapy Side Effects
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy has side effects, which occur when non-cancerous cells experience radiation or are affected when getting treatment. Cancer cells are more susceptible to the effects of treatment, as it is easier to copy themselves than to improve themselves. In addition, non-cancerous cells are also affected by the therapy and can cause side effects, ranging from mild to severe.
Possible side effects are:
- Fatigue or lethargy.
- Skin irritation, including swelling, blistering, until it looks like sunburn.
- Hair loss, bladder problems, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Inflammation of tissues, such as pneumonitis, esophagitis, and hepatitis.
- Decreased white blood cells or platelets although rare. | <urn:uuid:2ec6c3b5-1d82-49c6-ae9f-54f2fb89b88d> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://markethealthbeauty.com/radiation-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703536556.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123063713-20210123093713-00490.warc.gz | en | 0.932218 | 1,008 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Often referred to simply as Dioxolane, is a powerful solvent used in a variety of formulations, production processes, or as a reactant. It comes in a color-free liquid form, with an odor reminiscent of Ether. It’s able to quickly dissolve polar polymers like epoxies, polyesters, and urethanes, since its small size allows for rapid penetration. The solvent’s low boiling point of 75-76 C allows it to dry quickly. 1,3 Dioxolane gets used as an intermediary in preparing Acyclovir-d4 and in synthesizing new Vandetanib (V097100) analogs. It’s a popular solvent for fats, oils, dyes, and waxes. The chemical is also used in lithium batteries. Other popular applications for the solvent include textiles, electroplating and metal working, the gas scrubbing process, softening and/or dissolving polymers, inorganic and organometallic systems, and petroleum and gasoline production. 1,3 Dioxolane is soluble in Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Methanol, Ethanol, and Ethyl Acetate.
1,2 Butylene Oxide is available for purchase in 55-gallon drums
Test and Condition | Limit | Unit | Method
Acidity, as Butyric |100 Max | ppm |TC-AM-85- 21
1,2-Butylene Oxide | 99.00 Min | WT% | DOWM 100321
2,3-Butylene Oxide | 0.900 Max | WT% | DOWM 100321
Butyraldehyde | 0.050 Max | WT% | DOWM 100321
Color, Pt-Co |15 Max | ASTM D5386
1,2-Dichlorobutane| 0.1000 Max | WT% | DOWM 100321
Isobutylene Oxide | 0.300 Max | WT% | DOWM 100321
Water | 0.1000 Max | WT% | ASTM E1064
CAS Number 106-88-7
1,2-epoxybutane,1,2-butylene oxide,oxirane, ethyl,ethyloxirane,1,2-butene oxide, ethylethylene oxide,1-butene oxide, oxirane, 2-ethyl,butane, epoxy, 1-butylene oxide
99% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) also known as Isopropanol is available for purchase in various container sizes. 99% concentrated IPA is used in industries as a solvent or cleaning chemical for products that do not react well to water. 99% IPA has a low flash point and thus evaporates rapidly making it a useful cleaning agent for computer boards, electronics and other industries that require rapid evaporation of the cleaning compound.
Methylal Anhydrous also known as Methylal, Dimethoxymethane or Formaldehyde dimethyl ether, is an Acetal solvent with a -30 deg C flash point and is manufactured from Methanol. With a high solubility power, Methylal tends to significantly lower the surface tension of formulations, making it an ideal solvent choice. As with all Acetals, it has an extremely low toxicity profile and is sustainable from an atmospheric chemistry perspective.
Common applications for Methylal include cleaners, urethane foam manufacturing paint strippers, aerosols, and cosmetic manufacturing. | <urn:uuid:40b461c6-c157-4a1b-9a99-075d050dc7bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://envirotechint.com/other-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949097.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330035241-20230330065241-00194.warc.gz | en | 0.875319 | 733 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Cognitive bias in marketing research is not new. However, the study of how cognitive bias impacts decision making has gained popularity in recent years thanks to publications including Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Khneman and Predictably Irrational by Dan Ariely. At W5, we have to how consider cognitive bias can affect how we design, understand, and analyze data.
What Is Cognitive Bias?
A cognitive bias is a mistake in reasoning, evaluating, remembering, or other cognitive process, often occurring as a result of holding onto one’s preferences and beliefs regardless of contrary information. Psychologists study cognitive biases as they relate to memory, reasoning, and decision-making.
Business Insider rounded up the most common biases that mess up our decision making to remind us that we make thousands of rational decisions every day—or so we think. Which cognitive bias are you guilty of? | <urn:uuid:f4850b1b-ca94-458f-9a27-526ded2d2d1a> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://w5insight.com/20-common-cognitive-biases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038863420.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419015157-20210419045157-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.943414 | 180 | 3.015625 | 3 |
History, in school, we are usually taught from the top down. Wars, Battles, Victories, Kings and Queens, charismatic leaders. The history of ordinary people tends to be rewritten to fit the established view or misinterpreted, sidelined, and sometimes ignored by the mainstream educational establishments. The study of history from the bottom up emphasizes the real and positive progressive changes in our culture and communities by the struggle of ordinary people not by the gift of governments and authorities. Workshops will highlight and illustrate history from this perspective
If we at the victories win by common people in preserving liberty and so forth, we find that they have been absorbed into the ‘established’ notion of the history of our culture and perhaps in some cases taken for granted as government led change. In most cases of socially progressive change, it is government that has bent to the will of the people and have had to be forced into making such changes, not the other way round as official accounts of history would suggest.
Noam Chomsky illustrates how in the 60s, dissent leading to social progress is absorbed into the mainstream official view or denied as relevant altogether.
It’s always going to tell you you failed.
“Partly it’s that there’s nothing in the official culture that’s ever going to tell you you succeeded. It’s always going to tell you you failed. The official view of the sixties is it’s a bunch of crazies running around burning down universities and making noise because they were hysterics or were afraid to go to Vietnam or something. That’s the official story. That’s what people hear. They may know in their lives and experience that that’s not what happened. But they don’t hear anybody say it, unless they’re in activist groups. That change is possible, that it has been won, is not the message that the system is pouring into you through television and radio and newspapers and books and histories and so on. It’s sort of beating into your head another story.
The other story is you failed, and you should have failed, because you were just a bunch of crazies. And it’s natural that the official culture should take that view. It does not want people to understand that you can make changes. That’s the last thing it wants people to understand. So, what the mainstream media conveys is that if there have been changes, it’s because we, the elites, are so great that we carried through the changes”. | <urn:uuid:b0c696e0-20b9-43cd-b09f-4833c9dfb63e> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | http://citystrolls.com/introduction-to-topics/history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573289.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918131429-20190918153429-00388.warc.gz | en | 0.972196 | 527 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Are Trans Fats & Saturated Fats Types of Triglycerides?
Despite the common attempt to avoid fat, it in fact composes an integral part of a healthy diet. Dietary fats should make up between 20 and 35 percent of your daily calories, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Colorado State University Extension Service warns fat intake should never drop below 15 percent of calories. Understanding the relationship between fatty acids and triglycerides can benefit your understanding of nutrition, making it easier to eat a balanced diet and live a healthy lifestyle.
Chemically, fatty acids are composed of a carboxylic acid head followed by a long tail of carbon atoms. Fatty acids are classified based on length—long chain or short chain—and the chemical bonds that are present—saturated vs. unsaturated and cis vs. trans. The carbon atoms in the fatty acid tail can be linked by single, double and, rarely, triple bonds. Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds that are free to rotate.
Double and triple bonds are rigid. Unsaturated bonds can be either cis configuration—having a C-shape with the two parts of the fatty acid chain positioned to the same side of the chemical bond—or a trans configuration—having a Z-shape with the two parts of the fatty acid chain being positioned on opposite sides of the chemical bond.
The structure of the fatty acid defines its physical properties and how it biochemically interacts with your body.
Triglycerides are the form of fat used for long-term storage, being much more chemically stable than free fatty acids. Each triglyceride molecule is composed of a backbone of the alcohol triacylglycerol linked to three fatty acids. The triglyceride molecule is arranged in an E-shape, with the triacylglycerol backbone upright and the linked fatty acids horizontal. Triglycerides in foods can contain any combination of fatty acids. The fat content of food is classified based on the mixture of these fatty acids.
Though a small amount of trans fats occurs naturally in food, the majority is produced during chemical processing of food. There are no guidelines for intake of trans fat, however, the lower the amount in your diet the greater the benefit to your health, according to MayoClinic.com. Trans fats are easily turned into cholesterol and elevate your risk of cardiovascular disease.
Saturated fatty acids are found in the fat portion of animal-based foods, primarily meat. A high amount of saturated fat in your diet can elevate your blood level of overall cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, or LDL cholesterol. This can elevate your risk for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, according to MayoClinic.com. Limit your consumption of saturated fats to no more than 10 percent of your overall caloric intake, or 30 to 50 percent of your overall fat intake, according to MayoClinic.com.
Chris Daniels covers advances in nutrition and fitness online. Daniels has numerous certifications and degrees covering human health, nutritional requirements and sports performance. An avid cyclist, weightlifter and swimmer, Daniels has experienced the journey of fitness in the role of both an athlete and coach. | <urn:uuid:bf4f558d-b3a4-4fc2-a262-c90f68f5e594> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/trans-fats-saturated-fats-types-triglycerides-1709.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103850139.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630153307-20220630183307-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.919039 | 669 | 3.421875 | 3 |
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11.16.2015 Change Observed in Martian Sand Dune
10.05.2015 'The Martian' Story's Ares 4 Landing Site
10.05.2015 The Ares 3 Landing Site (Figure A)
09.30.2015 Avalanche Ho!
06.29.2015 Mars Exploration Zone Layout Considerations
06.17.2015 Active High-Latitude Dune Gullies
06.03.2015 Crisp Crater in Sirenum Fossae
05.20.2015 Sedimentary Rock Layers on a Crater Floor
05.20.2015 Honey, I Shrunk the Mesas
05.11.2015 Icy Wonderland
05.04.2015 Diverse Orbits Around Mars
03.27.2015 South Pole Spiders
03.27.2015 A Smile a Day....
03.25.2015 Pitted Landforms in Southern Hellas Planitia
03.12.2015 Curiosity Heading Away from 'Pahrump Hills'
02.18.2015 Lava Flow Near the Base of Olympus Mons
02.09.2015 Yardangs in Arsinoes Chaos, Mars
02.04.2015 Curiosity Rover at 'Pahrump Hills'
01.22.2015 Frost on Crater Slope
01.16.2015 Components of Beagle 2 Flight System on Mars
12.03.2014 An Enigmatic Feature in Athabasca Lava Flows
12.02.2014 NASA's Journey to Mars
11.07.2014 Mars Orbiter Sizes Up Passing Comet
Northern Ice Cap of MarsThis image, combining data from two instruments aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor, depicts an orbital view of the north polar region of Mars.
The ice-rich polar cap (the quasi-circular white area at center) is approximately 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across. The white cap is riven with dark, spiral-shaped bands. These are deep troughs that are in shadow. They do not reflect sunlight as well or have more internal layers exposed. To the right of center, a large canyon, Chasma Boreale, almost bisects the ice cap. Chasma Boreale is about the length of the United States' famous Grand Canyon and up to 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) deep.
New findings from the shallow radar instrument aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed subsurface geology in this region, allowing scientists to reconstruct the formation process of the large chasm and spiral troughs.
The image synthesizes topographic data from Mars orbiter laser altimeter and images from the Mars orbiter camera.
Mars Global Surveyor, launched in 1996, operated longer at Mars than any other spacecraft in history. It went silent in November 2006, after gathering data at Mars for more than four times as long as originally planned.
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS | <urn:uuid:25141aa7-9432-4160-a0ef-b19230a56c4a> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/multimedia/images/?ImageID=3241&NewsInfo=59C884BFF2B8E0EFC9DF02B94F94BA55AC4A8F9603007CDFC74850F8ABD3DC97C08BD9D9FCA79210CE02C3A59D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171066.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00286-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.69432 | 801 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Pronunciation: (si-zâr'ē-un),[key] —n.(sometimes l.c.) Also called Cesarean section, C-section. an operation by which a fetus is taken from the uterus by cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus.
—adj. 1. of or pertaining to a Cesarean.
2. Caesarean. Also,Caesarean,Caesarian,Cesarian(for defs. 1, 2). | <urn:uuid:9b61c071-195d-47fc-af3c-b72ff55b0a21> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://dictionary.factmonster.com/cesarean | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542932.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00101-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872212 | 105 | 2.5625 | 3 |
China's first space station, Tiangong-1 – also known as the "Heavenly Palace", which was launched in 2011 is now out of control and plummeting towards the Earth. The space laboratory is reportedly expected to crash-land on Earth within the next few months.
However, no one knows where the space lab may hit as it is nearly impossible for experts to predict that even a few days ahead of the spacecraft's crash-landing.
Although most of the nearly nine-tonne, 40-foot space lab will likely burn up during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, chunks of the spacecraft weighing approximately 100kg could land anywhere on our planet's surface.
In recent months, the spacecraft has reportedly begun falling at accelerated speeds after reaching the denser regions of the Earth's atmosphere.
Renowned Harvard University astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell told The Guardian that the spacecraft's current altitude is "below 300km" and that Tiangong-1's "rate of decay is getting higher". The Kármán line considered to be the official border between Earth and space is at 100km.
"I expect it will come down a few months from now – late 2017 or early 2018," McDowell said.
Chinese engineers lost contact with Tiangong-1 last year and China's space agency has since notified the UN that it expects the spacecraft to strike Earth between October 2017 and April 2018.
Although China said that it would monitor the spacecraft's descent and alert the UN when it begins its final death plunge, according to McDowell, there is no way to predict where the space lab might crash, given how even slight changes in atmospheric conditions could shift the spacecraft's landing site "from one continent to the next".
Fortunately, however, Tiangong-1's reunion with our planet is unlikely to pose any serious danger. There have been several instances in the past where uncontrolled spacecrafts of larger sizes have made re-entry without causing any injuries to people.
In 1991, the 20-tonne Russian space station Salyut 7 crashed in Argentina, causing a brilliant light show but with limited debris. In 1979, Nasa's giant 77-tonne Skylab space station plunged to Earth in an uncontrolled descent and crashed over Western Australia. Nasa was later fined by Australia for littering.
Click here to track Tiangong-1's orbit on the live satellite-tracking website N2YO. | <urn:uuid:021ba8ed-250c-4d6d-94f2-2938169d05f5> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinas-space-station-could-crash-land-earth-within-months-no-one-knows-where-it-will-hit-1643425 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867424.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180625033646-20180625053646-00155.warc.gz | en | 0.958516 | 497 | 3.5 | 4 |
Welcome to the Virus Encyclopedia of Panda Security.
It allows hackers to enter and attack the affected computer. It spreads and affects other computer.
|First detected on:||Jan. 2, 2007|
|Detection updated on:||Jan. 2, 2007|
|Downshut.C is a worm with the characteristics of a Trojan. |
Downshut.C spreads by copying itself, without infecting other files. Its main objective is to collapse computers and networks, preventing users from working with their computers.
Furthermore, due to its Trojan characteristics, Downshut.C allows hackers to get into and carry out dangerous actions in affected computers, such as capturing screenshots, stealing personal data, etc.
Downshut.C uses the following propagation or distribution methods:
- Exploiting vulnerabilities with the intervention of the user: exploiting vulnerabilities in file formats or applications. To exploit them successfully it needs the intervention of the user: opening files, viewing malicious web pages, reading emails, etc.
- IRC: It sends a copy of itself to all users connected to the channel to which the infected user is connected. | <urn:uuid:d9d86721-94ca-4e7a-b426-4e1f657c020e> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.pandasecurity.com/homeusers/security-info/about-malware/encyclopedia/overview.aspx?idvirus=143884 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156690.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920234305-20180921014705-00417.warc.gz | en | 0.773068 | 228 | 2.9375 | 3 |
By By Kelli O’BrienA lot of us use Google Cloud Infrastructure (GCE) for some of our web development work, but not all of us.
You can, however, create web apps using Google Cloud API, a cloud computing platform built by Google that provides tools for developing web applications.
To get started, you need to have an account on Google Cloud, which will allow you to sign in to Google APIs.
Google Cloud APIs is designed for developers, but anyone can use it for web development.
Once you have an API key, you can then access APIs from any web browser.
Once you have access to an API, you’ll need to create an application.
You’ll do this using a REST API, or the “application programming interface” or API, which is the API that’s most familiar to developers.
In this tutorial, we’ll create an app using REST API to retrieve and display a website’s meta data.
The REST API lets you create and retrieve objects, but there are a few things you should keep in mind when using the REST API.
The most obvious one is that the API requires you to define an API client and endpoint.
You should also ensure that your API client complies with the API terms of service.
To create an API object, you create an instance of the Google Cloud Service Provider (GCP) class.
The GCP class provides a set of APIs that your Google Cloud app can use.
This class can be used to create and access API objects.
The classes for each API are listed below.
The API class includes the method Get, which returns a JSON object containing a JSON representation of an API endpoint, and GetResponse, which accepts the HTTP response code and body as an array of JSON objects.
If you’re unfamiliar with REST APIs, the basics are this: the API is an object that can be queried using the API method.
If you’re querying a particular API endpoint on the API, your application will use the data in the returned JSON object as the query parameter.
The returned response is an array with a query value, the response body, and the API endpoint.
The GET method is an easy way to retrieve information from an API.
For example, the GET method will return the following JSON object:A JSON object is an immutable string.
This means that it contains all of the data for a particular object, such as a name, a birthdate, a phone number, or other attributes.
To access a JSON array, you use the get method, which takes an array as an argument.
For the example below, the returned array contains the birthdate of a given person, which contains the date that this person was born.
If a GET request is made, the user is redirected to the person’s BirthDate page.
The getResponse method returns an array, where the values in the array are each an object containing the response code for a specific API endpoint (GET, GET, GETResponse).
These responses are returned as JSON objects, and are useful for retrieving information about the API response.
You can retrieve an API response from the API with a GET or GETResponse object, which are available in the REST APIs and are also available in Google Cloud.
The GET and GETResponse methods return the same JSON object, but different object types.
For instance, a GETResponse returns the body of a GETRequest, whereas a GET response contains the JSON data in a response body.
The REST API also provides a GET, POST, and PUT methods for retrieving objects.
In addition, the REST REST API provides the GETResponse and GETRequest methods, which you can use for retrieving data from the REST endpoint.
If your application uses a RESTful API, such an API is also called a “model”.
A model is an instance that you can reuse across your code.
In the case of REST APIs for a web application, you may want to use an instance named “client” or “server” for your application.
The HTTP protocol allows you to create a model that is used across multiple web applications without requiring them to be in the same application.
In fact, you might even be able to reuse a model across multiple applications.
You could even define a model in a single file and use it across multiple Web applications.
The most common use case for a REST model is a simple, one-time REST request.
A simple HTTP request will return a response of JSON object with a set value of the JSON response body (a “body”).
If you send an HTTP request with the GET or POST methods, the server will return an array containing the data returned by the GET and POST requests.
For a REST service, you have two options for a request: the client or the server.
A client is one that the server returns as a JSON response.
In other words, a client | <urn:uuid:789f0116-f73e-4872-a3d5-7503face2d95> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://beginnerstut.com/archives/16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103639050.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629115352-20220629145352-00553.warc.gz | en | 0.871343 | 1,062 | 3.203125 | 3 |
In each of the pictures the invitation is for you to: Count what you see. Identify how you think the pattern would continue.
Here are some arrangements of circles. How many circles would I need to make the next size up for each? Can you create your own arrangement and investigate the number of circles it needs?
Think of a number, square it and subtract your starting number. Is the number you’re left with odd or even? How do the images help to explain this?
These squares have been made from Cuisenaire rods. Can you describe
the pattern? What would the next square look like?
Watch this film carefully. Can you find a general rule for
explaining when the dot will be this same distance from the
Take a counter and surround it by a ring of other counters that
MUST touch two others. How many are needed?
How can you arrange these 10 matches in four piles so that when you
move one match from three of the piles into the fourth, you end up
with the same arrangement?
Use the interactivity to investigate what kinds of triangles can be
drawn on peg boards with different numbers of pegs.
Can you see why 2 by 2 could be 5? Can you predict what 2 by 10
Polygonal numbers are those that are arranged in shapes as they enlarge. Explore the polygonal numbers drawn here.
What would be the smallest number of moves needed to move a Knight
from a chess set from one corner to the opposite corner of a 99 by
99 square board?
This challenge asks you to imagine a snake coiling on itself.
Delight your friends with this cunning trick! Can you explain how
Find the sum and difference between a pair of two-digit numbers. Now find the sum and difference between the sum and difference! What happens?
This challenge focuses on finding the sum and difference of pairs of two-digit numbers.
Can you continue this pattern of triangles and begin to predict how many sticks are used for each new "layer"?
How could Penny, Tom and Matthew work out how many chocolates there
are in different sized boxes?
Imagine starting with one yellow cube and covering it all over with
a single layer of red cubes, and then covering that cube with a
layer of blue cubes. How many red and blue cubes would you need?
This challenge, written for the Young Mathematicians' Award, invites you to explore 'centred squares'.
Place the numbers from 1 to 9 in the squares below so that the difference between joined squares is odd. How many different ways can you do this?
Find out what a "fault-free" rectangle is and try to make some of
Only one side of a two-slice toaster is working. What is the
quickest way to toast both sides of three slices of bread?
Sweets are given out to party-goers in a particular way. Investigate the total number of sweets received by people sitting in different positions.
Triangle numbers can be represented by a triangular array of squares. What do you notice about the sum of identical triangle numbers?
If you can copy a network without lifting your pen off the paper and without drawing any line twice, then it is traversable.
Decide which of these diagrams are traversable.
How many ways can you find to do up all four buttons on my coat? How about if I had five buttons? Six ...?
While we were sorting some papers we found 3 strange sheets which
seemed to come from small books but there were page numbers at the
foot of each page. Did the pages come from the same book?
Can you make dice stairs using the rules stated? How do you know you have all the possible stairs?
This task follows on from Build it Up and takes the ideas into three dimensions!
Compare the numbers of particular tiles in one or all of these
three designs, inspired by the floor tiles of a church in
In a Magic Square all the rows, columns and diagonals add to the 'Magic Constant'. How would you change the magic constant of this square?
Can you find all the ways to get 15 at the top of this triangle of numbers?
Use your addition and subtraction skills, combined with some strategic thinking, to beat your partner at this game.
The number of plants in Mr McGregor's magic potting shed increases
overnight. He'd like to put the same number of plants in each of
his gardens, planting one garden each day. How can he do it?
In how many different ways can you break up a stick of 7 interlocking cubes? Now try with a stick of 8 cubes and a stick of 6 cubes.
How many different journeys could you make if you were going to visit four stations in this network? How about if there were five stations? Can you predict the number of journeys for seven stations?
One block is needed to make an up-and-down staircase, with one step up and one step down. How many blocks would be needed to build an up-and-down staircase with 5 steps up and 5 steps down?
The sum of the numbers 4 and 1 [1/3] is the same as the product of 4 and 1 [1/3]; that is to say 4 + 1 [1/3] = 4 × 1 [1/3]. What other numbers have the sum equal to the product and can this be so for. . . .
This article for teachers describes several games, found on the
site, all of which have a related structure that can be used to
develop the skills of strategic planning.
Imagine a large cube made from small red cubes being dropped into a pot of yellow paint. How many of the small cubes will have yellow paint on their faces?
Three circles have a maximum of six intersections with each other.
What is the maximum number of intersections that a hundred circles
Square numbers can be represented as the sum of consecutive odd
numbers. What is the sum of 1 + 3 + ..... + 149 + 151 + 153?
The Egyptians expressed all fractions as the sum of different unit
fractions. Here is a chance to explore how they could have written
What size square corners should be cut from a square piece of paper to make a box with the largest possible volume?
Explore the effect of reflecting in two intersecting mirror lines.
Here are two kinds of spirals for you to explore. What do you notice?
Can you tangle yourself up and reach any fraction?
It would be nice to have a strategy for disentangling any tangled
What happens if you join every second point on this circle? How
about every third point? Try with different steps and see if you
can predict what will happen.
An investigation that gives you the opportunity to make and justify | <urn:uuid:67c6b1a9-e512-442e-97dd-7e244f75e4dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://nrich.maths.org/public/leg.php?code=72&cl=2&cldcmpid=2124 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218203515.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322213003-00018-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943203 | 1,416 | 3.828125 | 4 |
For hundreds of years the ancient city of Kano in Northern Nigeria was a market city and starting point for caravans conveying goods and slaves to North Africa and the Middle East. It is still a center of handicraft and dyed cloth, and you can visit the indigo dyeing pits in the city today.
Kano used to be part of the Islamic empire known as the Sokoto Caliphate, founded in the beginning of the 19th century by Fulani scholar and jihadist revolutionary Usman Dan Fodio. The Caliphate was a pre-colonial center of manufacturing in West Africa. Colorful leather shoes and bags and blue textiles were a noted specialty of the region, exported as far away as Cairo. Many of these items were handicrafts produced by families in homes, or artisans in small workshops, and sometimes they were produced by slaves. Indeed, there was a manufacturing of sorts going on in pre-colonial West Africa: other kingdoms in what is today Ghana and Benin Republic manufactured items like guns and farming implements.
But does this mean that those African societies were capable of the type of world-changing industrial transformations that began in Britain, spread to continental Europe then the USA, and more recently, Asia? No, pre-colonial Sub-Saharan Africa lacked the conditions that make industrial take-off possible and this and the next posts will show why.
It is important to remember that industrialism—and the stupendous wealth and prosperity it creates—is a new phase in human history, and the period of its existence is but the blink of an eye when seen against the 200,000 years homo sapiens has been on earth. Britain was the first nation to usher in the age of machine and fossil fuel powered industrial production. The extraordinary explosion in manufactures it generated temporarily propelled Britain beyond any other nation on earth. From the time it began the difficult and costly process in the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th, Britain had no European competitor in wealth created by factory-based manufacturing. In the words of David Landes, author of The Unbound Prometheus, one of the classic histories of the Industrial Revolution, “[Britain] was…the very model of industrial excellence and achievement—for some, a pace-setter to be copied and surpassed; for others, a superior economic power whose achievements rested on the special bounty of an uneven Providence, hence a rival to be envied and feared.”
Britain dominated the world in the production of cotton cloth and various other manufactures. Other European nations sent spies to English factories to figure out these incredible machines that produced such vast quantities of cheaper but superior cotton textiles. European governments sent representatives to factories to study how they were organized, and private businessmen came to visit and learn, though what they were permitted to see was sometimes limited. Many of these visitors tried to entice British factory workers with promises of higher wages to come to Continental Europe to teach workers there. Continental Europeans tried to copy and emulate, many times without success. These French, German and Dutch observers went back to their countries to write and disseminate information about what they had seen in the British factories.
But what was happening in Africa at this time? Is there any evidence anywhere that Africans were preparing for industrial take-off in the second half of the 18th century, or even in the 19th? The short answer is no.
For one thing, the Atlantic Slave Trade was still going on when England and continental Europe began to industrialize in the 18th and 19th centuries, and it is hard to imagine industrial take-off in areas where this slave trade was happening. This may seem like a confirmation of Joseph Inikori’s claims but this is mistaking consequence for cause. Slavery is a consequence of weakness, not a cause of it. The Europeans came to Africa for slaves and to colonize the continent because it was a backward part of the world; the Europeans did not cause this backwardness. And there are far too many unindustrialized countries that did not experience Atlantic slavery—some in Africa—for it to be an obvious reason for the failure of West African countries to develop economically.
There were conditions that existed in West Africa that precluded any form of industrial take-off, whether a Trans Atlantic Slave Trade existed or not.
An important one is that many of the societies of tropical West Africa were fragmented tribal entities. A tribe can be defined simply as a group “of people who trace their descent to a common ancestor.” My own tribe was known as “Umuoshie,” or the descendants of Oshie, a pre-colonial confederation of villages in northern Igbo territory that banded together for war and other forms of mutual help. Tribes usually consist of a few hundred, maybe a thousand or more people; they are often sedentary, and live near their farms or pastures (many large African ethnic and language groups are often misidentified as tribes). Most precolonial West African tribes were small acephalous societies, that is, without centralized state authority.
Oral traditions and written histories suggest that raids, skirmishes and wars were a regular part of existence in these areas. This is not unusual and is typical of tribal societies all over the world (All human societies were once tribal). Tribal existence is fraught with unpredictable violence between tribes, and this is so everywhere, whether the tribal people be Viking raiders in Europe, Yanomamo villagers in South America, or Fulani cattle herders in West Africa. Of course, there were a few West African kingdoms and chiefdoms like Benin, Oyo, Ashanti and Dahomey, but the majority of communities were tribal confederations and villages. They had traditional enemies, and, as if they were playing home and away football games, raided each other for slaves and trophy heads in tit-for-tat attacks. The British missionary and anthropologist George T. Basden, who spent 36 years in Igboland before and after colonization, wrote: “In common, I suppose, with all savage peoples, the Ibos, prior to the British occupation of the country, occupied their spare time with fighting, generally town against town. The evil of this was not so much the bloodshed, but rather the paralysing of trade and intercourse.”
For this, and many other reasons, it was practically impossible for such societies to industrialize—no tribal society has ever made that direct leap. Industrial and industrializing societies and regions require internal peace and stability for obvious reasons. No one wants to invest or risk the large sums required to build factories and buy expensive machinery in an environment of raiding, kidnapping and incessant tribal war. In a region in which retainers were sometimes sent out by chiefs and rulers to go and waylay people and engage in banditry, in which raiding for slaves was common and thought to be normal and acceptable, how could industrialization take place? Such unstable conditions will also limit the movement of labour needed to meet the demands of expanding factory production.
All societies that industrialized were strong unified nation states at the time. This is because most industrialization has been achieved with strong state involvement. During industrialization, the state creates markets, laws, infrastructure like roads, ports and other large country-wide investments that facilitate the growth of industry. As Nobel economist Joseph Stiglitz observes in the January-February 2020 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs, “Most economists rightly emphasize the role of the state in providing public goods and correcting market failures, but they often neglect the history of how markets came into being in the first place. The invisible hand of the market depended on the heavier hand of the state.” There were no nation states in West Africa to employ that “heavier hand” before the colonialists created them, only loose confederations of ethnicities with no economic specialization and no capable bureaucracy.
Even today, many of the states in Africa are artificial colonial creations: they are weak collections of ethnic entities which often struggle with unity and therefore peace. In many West African states, the difficult task of creating strong nation states out of diverse bickering ethnicities is still begging to be tackled. It is one of the biggest obstacles to the creation of industrialized countries.
Many African countries have been riven by wars and ethnic conflict since independence. In West Africa, there have been major civil wars in Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and Guinea-Bissau. In the Central African Republic, there is an ongoing civil war that began in 2012.
In Nigeria alone, the most populated African country, there has been all manner of disorder and ethnic strife. The colonial British left the country in 1960, and six years later, there were two military coups followed by savage ethnic riots against Igbo-speaking people living in the North of Nigeria. This led to a secession attempt by the East of the country, ancestral home of the Igbo. War broke out as the Federal Nigerian Government sought to impose unity by force. Known as the Biafran War, the terrible civil war lasted 30 months with the loss of an estimated 2 million people, most of them children.
The list of ethnic and religious troubles in Nigeria is long—the Boko Haram insurgency, the rampaging Fulani cattle herdsmen who raid villages and farms and massacre inhabitants with impunity as if Nigeria is still a tribal society, the low-intensity ethnic-environmental insurgency (now mostly quiet) in the oil-producing Niger delta, and various religious-ethnic flare-ups such as the intermittent riots and killings that happen in the city of Jos.
In such a situation of continuous strife, industrialization is very unlikely if not impossible. The parlous situation in Nigeria is no doubt a carry-over from tribal life, stubborn remnants of an age that should have been dead and buried. The country remains a disunited collection of ethnicities and the constant bickering and conflict reflect this. This is what must be dealt with first before we consider any possibility that Europe is “underdeveloping” Africa.
Armed and Aimless: Armed groups, guns and human security in the ECOWAS region by Nicolas Florquin and Eric G. Berman
The West African Slave Plantation by Mohammed Bashir Salau.
The Industrial Revolution: Smithsonian/ Great Courses lectures by Patrick N. Allitt.
The Industrial Revolution in World History, by Peter Stearns
The Unbound Prometheus: technological change and industrial development in Western Europe from 1750 to the present by David S. Landes
The Making of an Economic Superpower: Unlocking China’s secret of rapid industrialization, by Yi Wen
The Industrial Revolutionaries: the making of the modern world, 1776-1914, by Gavin Weightman
The World Until Yesterday by Jared Diamond
The Origins of Political Order: from prehuman times to the French Revolution by Francis Fukuyama
The Better Angels of our Nature: why violence has declined, by Steven Pinker
War Before Civilization; the myth of the peaceful savage, by Lawrence Keeley
Eke Oshie Anugwu by Humphrey Aniago
Igbo Worlds by Elizabeth Isichei
Among the Ibos of Nigeria by G. T. Basden
Baba of Karo by Mary Smith
The Gospel on the Banks of the Niger by Samuel Crowther and John Christopher Taylor
A Chronicle of Abuja by Hassan and Shuaibu | <urn:uuid:563803c1-9a68-42fd-b77b-b9aa328c31a7> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://hauda.org/2020/12/22/was-industrial-take-off-possible-in-19th-century-west-africa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038061562.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411055903-20210411085903-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.960477 | 2,345 | 3.046875 | 3 |
- Distinguish between accomplice liability and the crime of accessory.
- Define the criminal act element required for an accessory.
- Define the criminal intent element required for an accessory.
- Compare various approaches to grading the crime of accessory.
As stated in Section 7.1.1 “Accomplice Liability”, at early common law, a defendant who helped plan the offense but was not present at the scene when the principal committed the crime was an accessory before the fact. A defendant who helped the principal avoid detection after the principal committed the crime was an accessory after the fact. In modern times, an accessory before the fact is an accomplice, and an accessory after the fact is an accessory, which is a separate and distinct offense. Some states still call the crime of accessory “accessory after the fact” (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 274, 2011) or “hindering prosecution” (Haw. Rev. Stat., 2011).
The difference between an accomplice and an accessory is crucial. An accomplice is responsible for the offense the principal commits. An accessory, on the other hand, is guilty of a separate crime that is almost always a misdemeanor.
The criminal act element required for an accessory in the majority of jurisdictions is aiding or assisting a principal in escape, concealment, or evasion of arrest and prosecution or conviction after the principal commits a felony (Va. Code Ann., 2010). In most states, a defendant cannot be an accessory to a misdemeanor, although in some states a defendant can be an accessory to a high-level or gross misdemeanor (N.R.S., 2010). In a minority of states, the defendant can be an accessory to any crime (Haw. Rev. Stat., 2011).
In many states, words are enough to constitute the accessory criminal act element (Minn. Stat. Ann., 2010). Often special categories of individuals are exempted from liability as an accessory, typically family members by blood or marriage (Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, 2010).
Example of Accessory Act
Jim wakes up late at night to the sound of someone pounding on his door. He gets out of bed, walks down the stairs, and opens the door. His father James is on the doorstep. James’s eyes are bloodshot and he is swaying slightly on his feet. He tells Jim that he just got into a car accident and needs to come inside before the police find out about it and begin an investigation. Jim steps aside and lets his father enter the house. The smell of alcohol on his father’s breath is apparent. He thereafter allows his father to spend the night without contacting the police about the accident.
Jim has probably committed the criminal act element required for an accessory in many jurisdictions. Jim allowed his father to escape arrest and evade an alcohol screening after leaving the scene of a car accident, which is most likely felony drunk driving and hit and run. He also sheltered his father for the night, concealing him from law enforcement. If Jim is in a state that exempts family members from accessory liability, he may not be subject to prosecution because the principal to the crime(s) is his father. If Jim is not in a state that relieves family members from accessory liability, he could be fully prosecuted for and convicted of this offense.
The criminal intent element required for an accessory has two parts. First, the defendant must act with general intent or knowingly or awareness that the principal committed a crime. Second, the defendant must help or assist the principal escape or evade arrest or prosecution for and conviction of the offense with specific intent or purposely (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 274, 2010).
Example of Accessory Intent
Review the example with Jim and James given in Section 7 “Example of Accessory Act”. In this case, Jim is aware that James committed a crime because James told Jim he got into an accident and James’s intoxicated condition was apparent. Nonetheless, Jim purposely helped James evade arrest and an alcohol screening by sheltering him in his home while the effects of the alcohol dissipated. Thus Jim probably has the criminal intent required for liability as an accessory in most jurisdictions. If Jim is not in a state that exempts family members from accessory liability, he could be fully subject to prosecution for and conviction of this offense.
As stated in Section 7.3 “Accessory”, in many jurisdictions accessory is an offense that is graded less severely than the crime committed by the principal. Accessory is typically graded as a misdemeanor (Haw. Rev. Stat., 2011), although in some jurisdictions it is graded as a felony (Idaho Code Ann., 2011).
Table 7.1 Comparison of Accomplice, Accessory, and Vicarious Liability
|Type of Liability||Criminal Act||Criminal Intent|
|Accomplice||Aid, assist commission of a crime||Specific or purposely, or general or knowingly, depending on the jurisdiction|
|Accessory||Aid, assist evasion of prosecution or conviction for a felony, high-level misdemeanor, or any crime||General or knowingly (crime committed) plus specific or purposely (principal evades prosecution or conviction)|
|Vicarious||Committed by an individual in a special relationship with the defendant||Belongs to an individual in a special relationship with the defendant|
- Accomplice liability holds a complicit defendant accountable for the crime the principal commits; accessory is a separate crime that is typically a misdemeanor.
- The criminal act element required for an accessory is aiding or assisting the principal escape or evade arrest, prosecution for, or conviction of a felony, high-level misdemeanor, or any crime, depending on the jurisdiction. In many jurisdictions words are enough to constitute the accessory criminal act element.
The criminal intent element required for an accessory has two parts. The defendant must act
- with general intent or knowingly that the principal committed the crime,
- with specific intent or purposely to help the principal escape or evade arrest, prosecution for, or conviction of the offense.
- In many jurisdictions, the crime of accessory is graded lower than the crime the principal committed; typically, it is graded as a misdemeanor, although in some jurisdictions, it is graded as a felony.
Answer the following questions. Check your answers using the answer key at the end of the chapter.
- Cory watches as her sister Amanda breaks into a parking meter across the street and starts scooping change into her purse. Amanda thereafter runs into a nearby alley and hides behind a dumpster. A police officer arrives on the scene and asks Cory if she witnessed the crime. Cory responds, “No, I didn’t notice anything.” The police officer does a search, does not find Amanda, and leaves. Has Cory committed a crime? If your answer is yes, which crime has Cory committed, and does Cory have a possible defense?
- Read U.S. v. Hill, 268 F.3d 1140 (2001). In Hill, the defendant was convicted of harboring a fugitive and being an accessory when she helped her husband escape the country to avoid prosecution for a failure to pay child support. The defendant claimed that her convictions were unconstitutional because they contravened her right to privacy, association, marriage, and due process. Did the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit uphold the defendant’s convictions? The case is available at this link: http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1215479.html.
- Read State v. Truesdell, 620 P.2d 427 (1980). In Truesdell, the prosecution appealed the dismissal of the defendant’s case that was a prosecution for accessory to her twelve-year-old son’s felony shooting of her ex-husband. The lower court held that the defendant could not be an accessory to a felony because her son was not an adult who could be charged with a felony. Did the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals reverse the lower court and permit the defendant to be tried as an accessory? Why or why not? The case is available at this link: http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14038267185437754114&q= State+v.+Truesdell+620+P.2d+427+%281980%29&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5.
Haw. Rev. Stat. § 710-1030, accessed January 26, 2011, http://law.justia.com/codes/hawaii/2009/volume-14/title-37/chapter-710/hrs-0710-1030-htm/.
Idaho Code Ann. § 18-206, accessed January 9, 2011, http://www.legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title18/T18CH2SECT18-206.htm.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 274 § 4, accessed January 16, 2011, http://law.onecle.com/massachusetts/274/4.html.
Minn. Stat. Ann. § 609.495, accessed December 23, 2010, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=609.495&year=2010.
N.R.S. § 195.030, accessed December 26, 2010, http://law.onecle.com/nevada/crimes/195.030.html.
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-19, accessed December 26, 2010, http://law.onecle.com/virginia/crimes-and-offenses-generally/18.2-19.html.
Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13 § 5, accessed December 23, 2010, http://www.leg.state.vt.us/statutes/fullchapter.cfm?Title=13&Chapter=001.
This is a derivative of Criminal Law by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution, which was originally released and is used under CC BY-NC-SA. This work, unless otherwise expressly stated, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:4b92f0d8-eb01-470d-bdc1-d80df1e5007e> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://open.lib.umn.edu/criminallaw/chapter/7-3-accessory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886794.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117023532-20180117043532-00428.warc.gz | en | 0.940539 | 2,139 | 2.53125 | 3 |
It is generally agreed that there is a problem in South Africa with maths education. The evidence for this claim comes from a range of international benchmarking tests such as the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) (see, for example, Mji and Makgato (2006)).
We are interested in the perceived and actual reasons for these problems, and a first step in our research has been to ask people, using a web 2.0 approach which draws on the ‘wisdom of the crowds’. For example, Twitter and Facebook have been used to invite people to complete a questionnaire. People were asked whether each of the following is a key reason for the problems, has some influence or is not a reason:
- Assessment focuses on the wrong things
- The curriculum is not fit for purpose
- Mathematics is hard
- Societal attitudes towards mathematics are negative
- Teaching is not good enough
- Too many learners opt for maths literacy
- The language of learning (Language of learning and teaching – LoLT) is not the home language
The research is at an early stage, but some initial results are available. The graph below summarises responses from 69 participants (as at 8th August 2014).
This suggests that, for most people, negative attitudes in society towards mathematics and poor teaching are the biggest reasons. The language of learning and teaching also seems to be a big concern, with fewer than 20% saying they believe it is not a reason. Similarly assessment seems to be a concern with only 20% of respondents saying that it is not a reason. | <urn:uuid:fbc80f60-ec4f-4eee-b013-719c40e18631> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://fasmed.aimssec.ac.za/context/south-african-context/what-are-the-causes-of-problems-in-maths-education-in-south-africa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986668569.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016113040-20191016140540-00378.warc.gz | en | 0.965079 | 322 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Public Comment Philadelphia City Council Jan 27, 2011 from Ann Dixon
Resolution # 100864
1/27/11 City Council Meeting
IMPACTS OF FRACKING ON PHILADELPHIA
The world, including the US, is running out of drinkable and potentially drinkable water. There are a number of reasons for this. Over 60% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed in the last 100 years. Wetlands clean and filter water. According to hydrologist Dr. Michael Kravelk, about half of the earth’s surface is paved. Pavement keeps water from becoming groundwater. Instead, it goes to the storm drains and eventually to the salty ocean. 30 billion gallons of groundwater is pumped per day for manufacturing purposes. Much of that is permanently removed from our supply because it is too polluted to be cleaned properly.
These facts are taken from the 2008 movie Blue Gold. (Find out more at www.bluegold- worldwaterwars.com). Since the movie was made, thousands of wells have been fracked. I’m really glad that the list of recomendations, on which Councilman Jones’s resolution is based, acknowledges that environmental impact studies should address the question of de-watering. Gas drilling uses millions of gallons of water per frack. According to the Department of Environmental Protection’s own website, 87% of the water used to frack remains underground. This water is permanently lost to us since it contains a host of toxins. In 2009, Pittsburgh city residents were told not drink their tap water for a period of time because the Monongahela River, their drinking water source, was polluted from fracking.
The Delaware River Basin Commission has proposed new rules for fracking even though environmental impact studies have not been completed. The public needs time to digest these rules and weigh in on them. Philadelphia needs a city councilperson to write to the DRBC. Ask them to extend their public comment period to September 16th and ask for a hearing in Philadelphia. Immediately after passing this resolution, it is critically important that Council forward the resolution to the DRBC and emphasize the recommendations that call for an extension to their public comment period and for a hearing in Philadelphia.
If the new rules are released and drilling starts, we could have 10,000 new wells in our watershed in a few short years. Where we will we get our water if one of the accidents, that is bound to happen, pollutes the Delaware beyond the capacity of our Water Department to remediate it? The world water crisis will have come to Philadelphia. | <urn:uuid:e1eb53e5-712d-47a6-a040-ec27b40aff02> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | https://protectingourwaters.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/public-comment-philadelphia-city-council-jan-27-2011-from-ann-dixon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661051.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00111-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956725 | 531 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Sixty years after Dalai Lama fled Tibet, China still is defending its rule amid an uprising against Chinese control.
Tibetans living abroad blames China for exploiting Tibet for their benefit and amid such situation the Buddhist culture too is being destroyed gradually.
Dalai Lama is living in India since he fled following a failed 1959 uprising against Chinese rule.
China accused the spiritual monk of seeking to segregate Tibet from its control. The country claims for centuries Tibet has been part of its territory.
However, the Tibetans claim they were independent for most the time and in 1950 communist troops of China took control of Tibet following military struggle.
It is difficult to ascertain the current condition of Tibet as foreign travelers need to get special permission to visit the country and foreign journalists are rarely allowed to enter. More to this, during sensitive anniversaries the plateau region is completely closed for foreigners.
Meanwhile, thousands of Tibetans living in India marched through the capital Sunday with slogans like “India-China friendship is a sham” and “Tibet’s freedom is India’s security.”
Besides, China has always refused to either meet Dalai Lama or his representatives until they surrenders.
China’s Communist Party chief in Tibet said Sunday Dalai Lama has done nothing good for Tibet since he fled into exile.
- Mexico using giant X-ray machines at borders to stop hidden migrants in trucks - July 10, 2019
- Solar Eclipse & Fear, Superstition, Violence - July 5, 2019
- Study finds Xinjiang schools separating Uighurs children from families - July 4, 2019 | <urn:uuid:365004fd-cf37-4d18-9e13-7f82dd063377> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | http://messypolitics.com/2433/60-yrs-after-tibet-uprising-china-still-defends-its-rule/2019/03/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711108.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206124909-20221206154909-00143.warc.gz | en | 0.955186 | 332 | 2.75 | 3 |
By Doug Michael
March 11, 2011: A massive earthquake of 9.0 magnitude struck off the coast of Japan, triggering a devastating tsunami, which left parts of the country in utter shambles. Official reports claim that 15,891 people lost their lives, 6,152 were injured and 2,584 were reported missing.
This was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded to have struck Japan, and the fourth most powerful in the world, since modern record keeping began in 1900. This earthquake was so intense in magnitude, that it shifted Honshu, the main island of Japan by an estimated eight feet and actually shifted the Earth’s axis by between four and ten inches!
Japan is a nation containing many nuclear reactors which produce roughly 30% of the nation’s electricity. The majority of operable nuclear reactors are right along the coast, in one of the most seismically active areas on the entire planet!
|Map which shows the locations of Japan’s, active reactor sights. Notice how they are along the coast, in perhaps the most seismically active location on the entire planet.|
The powerful tsunami caused complete devastation of three of the six nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi facility, the cores of which melted within the first three days. In November 2011, the Japanese Science Ministry reported that radioactive cesium had contaminated 11,580 square miles of the land surface of Japan, with an additional 4,500 square miles contaminated.
The destroyed reactor sites have been dumping hundreds of tons of radioactive waste into the Pacific Ocean, every single day for the past four years and the devastating results are now becoming plainly obvious. Radioactive cesium (an alkali metal) rapidly contaminates an ecosystem and poisons the entire food chain, and this waste offshoot has been detected in Japanese foodstuffs over a 200 mile radius of the Daiichi facility.
Cesium and other radioactive waste products are bioaccumulative, meaning that they accumulate in an organism at a rate faster than the organism can eliminate it. Of course the Japanese government and TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company) have blatantly lied about the amount of radioactive waste that has been leaking into the Pacific, however, the devastating results have been impossible to ignore.
I’ve wondered since the beginning of this disaster-which has already shown to be far worse that the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the Ukraine, in 1986-why the world’s top, leading scientists have not come together to figure out how to stop the leaking radiation. The reason is because no one knows how to deal with this catastrophe.
In March of 2015, it was reported in the Times of London, that Akira Ono, the chief of the Fukushima power station admitted that the technology needed to decommission the three melted-down reactors does not exist, and he has no idea how it will be developed.
More recently, Naohiro Masuda, the decommissioning chief of the Fukushima Daiichi Decommissioning Company, also stated that the technology does not exist to remove the highly radioactive debris from the damaged reactors:
Ono also claimed that decommissioning the plant by 2051 may be impossible without huge leaps in technological advancement. It’s also been estimated that plutonium fallout has been 70,000 times greater than atomic bomb fallout in Japan!
Japan has also seen a skyrocketing of childhood Cancer rates, particularly, thyroid Cancer. As of August, 2013, TEPCO admitted that between “20 trillion to 40 trillion becquerels of radioactive tritium may have leaked into the sea since the disaster.” Since it’s been shown over and again, that TEPCO repeatedly lied and covered up the true extent of the disaster, that number is most likely far greater.
While official sources keep claiming that there is no danger from the leaking radiation, sea life all along the west coast of the US has been dying in alarming numbers, and many fish and sea creatures tested off the west coast have shown extremely high amounts of radioactivity, that far exceeds safe limits. In actuality though, there really are no “safe” limits of radiation.
The Japan Times reported on Feb 25th, 2015, that cesium and other radioactive waste was pouring from the reactor one site, directly into the ocean. TEPCO did nothing to prevent the leak and simply ignored the problem for close to a year!
There has been a massive die-off of marine life along the west coast of the US, which has scientists “baffled.” Do you mean to tell me that scientists studying this death of the Pacific haven’t taken into account the possibility that it could be caused by the hundreds of tons of nuclear waste that has been pouring into the Pacific each day for the last four years? So few dare to admit the extent of damage caused by this disaster or the fact that it is forcing us to face the possibility of our own extinction. What happens when the planet’s largest body of water is rendered lifeless on a planet made up mostly of water? What happens when the radiation accumulates in the atmosphere and is spread throughout the world by the jet stream?
|Massive die-off of sea lions along the west coast has left scientists “baffled.” Might it have something to do with the hundreds of tons of radioactive waste that has been pouring into the Pacific each day for four years?|
In 2013, the Huffington Post reported that massive amounts of krill washed up along the west coast in a 250 mile stretch from Oregon to California. Krill is an essential part of the ocean’s food chain. When marine life on the low end of the food chain dies off, the larger animals that feed on that marine life starve to death. Carcasses of dead sea lions and seals that were examined revealed high doses of radiation, and yet, mainstream scientists remain “baffled.”
|This dead sea lion showed extremely high levels of radiation near its heart and liver. The Pacific Ocean is dying at an alarming rate, and no one seems to notice it, or, they simply put on the blinders and embrace abject denial.|
It has also been widely reported that massive amounts of starfish have appeared along the west coast that have literally turned to mush. USA Today reported on this, and of course they claim that no one knows why; it’s a mystery. Might it have something to do with the fact that the Pacific has become a toxic, nuclear waste dump? Of course not, that’s just crazy, paranoid, tin-foil-hat talk. The level of cognitive dissonance that ensnares the minds of most people is truly staggering to me.
|USA Today headline from Dec, 2013. No one knows why? Might it have something to do with the fact that the Pacific Ocean has become the world’s largest, toxic waste dump?|
It’s also been reported that 98% of the sea floor of the Pacific is covered with dead sea life. Not surprisingly, mainstream scientists blame this massive death of the Pacific on global warming.
“In the 24 years of this study, the past two years have been the biggest amounts of this detritus by far,” said marine biologist Christine Huffard, who works at the research station off of California. “Multiple other stations throughout the Pacific have seen similarly alarming increases.”
The feeble efforts of TEPCO and the Japanese government to stop the radioactive leaks, with ice walls, dams, and other paltry, makeshift remedies have been in vain. Nobody knows how to contain the radioactive leaks, so the Japanese govt. and TEPCO do the next best thing; they lie about it and downplay the dangers. Business as usual!
The head of the National Cancer Research Center in Japan, reported in Feb, 2015, that Cancer rates have skyrocketed by 6,000% and that it was being “swept under the rug.” It must be global warming causing this unprecedented rise in Cancer rates eh? In Jan, 2015, Japan’s nuclear regulator approved TEPCO’s ingenious plan to simply drain waste-water into the ocean.
In Nov, 2014, Ken Buesseler, of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution claimed:
“My biggest concern is what’s going on in Japan today, and how that might make its way across to our coast. We know it’s still leaking because we’re measuring higher levels off Japan to this day.Even just the basic question, ‘How much radioactivity was released at Fukushima?’ I can’t answerthat today. We may never be able to because of the lack of sampling, particularly in the ocean.”
An experienced, veteran sailor by the name of Ivan Macfadyen, who has sailed the Pacific taking part in races, stated in an interview that:
“It’s dead…for thousands of miles there was nothing [between US and Japan] like sailing in a dead sea…everything’s all gone. Just talking about it makes me feel like I want to cry. No birds, no fish, no sharks, no dolphins, no turtles, nothing.”
This is the legacy that humanity is leaving for their posterity; a dead world. Humanity has allowed itself to be ruled by a ruthless, psychopathic gang of parasites whose greed and insatiable lust for power knows no bounds. There really is no one to blame but ourselves. The information in this article is not even a scratch in the surface of the true magnitude of this nuclear disaster. The radiation will bioaccumulate in the ocean and atmosphere for centuries to come. Mankind is staring our very extinction in the face. This is an opportunity for humanity to face the force of our own destructiveness, and to come together as one family. Unfortunately, the average person’s thoughts seem to be firmly fixated on the sports scores, who’s blowing who in the latest, celebrity scandal or the latest pop culture fad. Unfortunately, the world’s masses suffer from a serious condition known as, Rectal-Cranial Inversion!
Let us also not forget the Deepwater Horizon disaster that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico, on April 20, 2010. Massive amounts of oil leaked into the gulf, and in the subsequent cleanup attempt, the well was capped which caused a crack in the seabed, causing extreme amounts of oil to pour into the gulf, killing marine life in droves and destroying the fishing industry in that region. A highly toxic and controversial dispersant called Corexit was dumped into the sea, and the results have been catastrophic.
Fishermen have reported sea creatures being caught in the gulf that had legions on their bodies and all sorts of other anomalies including mutated sea life, eyeless shrimp and ulcers.
|Fishermen have reported mutated and diseased sea life caught in the Gulf of Mexico as a result of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the subsequent dispersal of BP Corporation’s highly toxic Corexit dispersant.|
What happens when oil and a highly toxic dispersant enters the Gulf Stream and spreads? What happens when radiation spreads throughout the ocean currents of the Pacific? Roughly 72% of the Earth is made up of water, and if you look at a global map, you can see that all of the world’s oceans are connected; it’s essentially one ocean. So what happens when two of the planet’s large bodies of water are rendered lifeless? Since roughly 90% of Earth’s life is contained in the oceans, and two-thirds of the planet is water, what happens when the oceans die? What happens when we can no longer fish the oceans for food? The answer is simple: When the planet’s oceans die, all life on Earth will follow, but who cares? There’s a game on tonight, or some stupid shitcom that insults the intelligence.
What level of cognitive dissonance is adhered to that causes people to look away from painful truths? How is it that people can convince themselves that everything is just fine when we are staring our very extinction in the face? How many actually give a shit? Far too few unfortunately. The fact that the world’s top scientists have no idea how to contain the radiation at Fukushima speaks volumes about what happens when a species develops technologically yet does not operate with wisdom. They destroy themselves.
|BP Corporation’s legacy of death and destruction in the Gulf of Mexico.|
Has humanity made its decision that it will simply bow down and allow the few, through psychopathy and corporate greed to drive the planet into its very extinction? Is it game over for life on planet Earth? We are certainly headed in that direction, but why would I want to face this painful truth and find my center when Miley Cyrus is on TV sucking off a blow up doll in her latest piece of shit video?
|Most people focus on the most irrelevant and ridiculous distractions while the world falls dead all around them.|
The time for humanity to collectively wake up and come together is here and now! We can no longer put off the mess for future generations to mop up because at the rate we are going, the planet will be unable to support life and very may well become a dead rock resembling Mars. This is where we stand as a species. Does this sound paranoid? Maybe, but that does not negate the fact that it’s true! So as we bow our heads in quiet approval, our home is being destroyed and your children’s futures are being stolen right from under them. Sleep on, everything is OK, and raise your glass to the extinction of humanity!
|BP corporation’s handiwork. The Gulf of Mexico is also dying as humanity sleeps on and allows the destruction of their home to continue with barely a whimper.|
Written by Doug Michael of Doug Michael Truth. | <urn:uuid:da777657-dd3c-43da-95e0-e486a6e11a6f> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://www.themirrorpost.com/2016/12/fukushima-extinction-level-event-that.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526401.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720004131-20190720030131-00510.warc.gz | en | 0.958107 | 2,889 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHE) are intended for different uses in applications such as heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, industry, district heating, residential heating.
The brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHE) are able to ensure a long life and excellent quality without losses and leakages, ensuring the highest efficiency with the lowest possible encumbrance.
The brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHE) are composed of a pack of plates provided with corrugated grooves placed between the front and rear cover plates. The connections are mounted on the cover plates and can be customized according to different requirements.
It is possible to realize a heat exchanger consisting of two channels (or circuits) separated by generating, during the vacuum brazing process, a brazed junction of each contact point between the base and the filler material. The number of cover plates is subject to changes depending on the size, the type of BPHE and its rated pressure.
Combining different types of plates, pressures and materials (such as AISI 316 stainless steel, nickel, vacuum-brazed) it is therefore possible to obtain a heat exchanger suitable for different needs. | <urn:uuid:828ebea7-562f-4817-a8a7-4cd84c9e6d0a> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://fortek.eu/prodotti/brazed-plate-heat-exchangers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743105.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116152954-20181116174954-00543.warc.gz | en | 0.935426 | 250 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The Heritage of the Recapitulation Theory
by Henry M. Morris, Ph.D.
Ideas have consequences, and false ideas sometimes generate bitter consequences. One of the premier examples of this principle is the infamous "recapitulation theory," developed by such philosophers as Goette and Robert Chambers, and then popularized in Darwin's day by Ernst Haeckel, the German atheist. Called by Haeckel the "biogenetic law, this idea was spread widely by his euphonious slogan, "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny," meaning that embryonic growth of the fetus in the womb rapidly recapitulates the entire evolutionary history of the species. This bizarre notion has been cited by evolutionists for over a hundred years as one of the main "proofs" of evolution. Darwin, himself, made great use of it in his Origin of Species and Descent of Man.
Nevertheless, it is completely false, and most competent evolutionists today know this. Two leading neo-Darwinists have admitted:
"Haeckel misstated the evolutionary principle involved. It is now firmly established that ontogeny does not repeat phylogeny."1 More recently, Dr. Keith Thompson, Professor of Biology at Yale, said:
"Surely the biogenetic law is as dead as a doornail. It was finally exercised from biology textbooks in the fifties. As a topic of serious theoretical inquiry, it was extinct in the twenties."2
In spite of its specious character, this notion captivated the minds of evolutionists, and is still believed by millions of their followers even today. Four of the very important, but very bitter fruits produced by the corrupt tree of recapitulationism are discussed briefly below:
(1) The Standard Geologic Column. The fossil record has long been considered the definitive evidence of evolution, with simple life forms preserved in ancient rocks and complex forms in younger rocks. The dating of the rocks, however, is based on the fossils they contain—not on their vertical position in the sedimentary sequences. Leading evolutionists acknowledge this to be circular reasoning.
"The charge that the construction of the geologic column involves circularity has a certain amount of validity."3
"And this poses something of a problem: If we date the rocks by their fossils, how can we then turn around and talk about patterns of evolutionary change through time in the fossil record?"4
Thus this key "proof" of evolution is based on the assumption of evolution. In fact, pre-Darwinian theistic evolutionists and progressive creationists had already worked out the desired order of the fossils before any significant number of them had even been discovered, so that it was essentially ready-made as an evidence for evolution when Darwin proposed his theory. They had assumed that there was an innate principle operating in the cosmos and in living organisms that impelled them to proceed upward in complexity, and that this evolutionary order must be the same everywhere—in embryology, morphology, paleontology, and even psychology. It was natural, therefore, to use embryological studies as a basis for assigning order to the fossils.
"In Down's day, the theory of recapitulation embodied a biologist's best guide for the organization of life into sequences of higher and lower forms."5
"Another major factor keeping some sort of recapitulation alive was the need of comparative morphologists and especially paleontologists for a solid theoretical foundation for homology. They had long since come to rely on comparative ontogenetic information as a base."6 Although a number of other factors contributed significantly to the development of the standard stratigraphical column, (e.g., the rock sequences in Western Europe), embryological studies were perhaps most important of all. This standard geological column is found only in textbooks, and all the supposed transitional forms are still missing in the rocks themselves.
(2) Freudian Psychoanalysis. Another deadly fruit of the recapitulation idea was the psychological system developed by Sigmund Freud. Although much of his system is now rejected by modern psychologists and psychiatrists, there is no question that all have been profoundly influenced by Darwinism and the whole concept of man's animal ancestry. Recent discovery of a hitherto unpublished manuscript of Freud reveals how strongly he relied on recapitulationism.
"In a 1915 paper, Freud demonstrates his preoccupation with evolution. Immersed in the theories of Darwin, and of Lamarck, who believed acquired traits could be inherited, Freud concluded that mental disorders were the vestiges of behavior that had been appropriate in earlier stages of evolution."7
"The evolutionary idea that Freud relied on most heavily in the manuscript is the maxim that 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny,' that is, that the development of the individual recapitulates the evolution of the entire species."8
All the anti-Christian impact of Freud’s atheistic psychological system, leading even to the modern sexual revolution, so-called, can thus be traced largely back to this recapitulation notion.
(3) Modern Racism. Feelings of tribalism, nationalism, and racism have existed ever since Babel, but racism did not reach its most intense and virulent level until it received a pseudo-scientific sanction from Darwinism. This new form of evolutionism, popularized in western Europe and America during the 19th century, with its emphasis on "survival of the fittest," lent itself naturally to the idea of competition between races, with the more highly evolved races eliminating the " savage races," as Darwin called them,9 in the "struggle for existence."
Social Darwinism, with its imperialist and racist emphases, became exceedingly strong in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and, even though it went into partial eclipse after World War II, its tragic aftereffects are with us still. Racism reached its zenith under Hitler in Nazi Germany, and the "biogenetic law" of Ernst Haeckel was largely responsible.
"Recapitulation was Haeckel's favorite argument … Haeckel and his colleagues also invoked recapitulation to affirm the racial superiority of northern European whites, ... Herbert Spencer wrote that ‘the intellectual traits of the uncivilized … are traits recurring in the children of the civilized.' Carl Vogt said it more strongly in 1864: 'The grown up Negro partakes, as regards his intellectual faculties, of the nature of the child…. ’ "10
"(Haeckel) became one of Germany's major ideologists for racism, nationalism, and imperialism."11
"In essence, Haeckel and his fellow social Darwinists advanced the ideas that were to become the core assumptions of national socialism."12 Lest anyone misunderstand, although all the above authorities (as well as all those quoted previously in this paper) are evolutionists, they do not believe in either recapitulationism or racism. The quotations are necessarily brief, but they do not misrepresent their authors. Much more documentation to the same effect could be provided if space permitted.
(4) The Plague of Abortionism. The most recent application of the recapitulation theory has been as a pseudo-scientific justification for the terrible holocaust of abortionism which has been sweeping the world in recent years. Although there may be many personal reasons why women have abortions and doctors perform them, the only scientific or religious justification that can be given for it is that the fetus is not yet really a human being. If the embryo is truly human, with human life and an eternal soul, then abortion is obviously cruel, premeditated murder. Therefore, abortionists must deny that the fetus is human.
But the only quasi-scientific rationale for such a pronouncement must be based on recapitulationism. As a widely syndicated columnist says, referring to an article by evolutionary feminist Ellen Goodman:
"I think that what she imagines is that the human embryo undergoes something like the whole process of evolution, as in the old adage that 'ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny'. The adage has been discredited, of course, but this does not mean it has lost its power over the imagination of many modern people. They still suppose that the human fetus is in the early stages of development a 'lower' form of life, and this is probably what they mean when they say it isn't 'fully human'."13
This type of reasoning, of course, is specious, at best, and so is that which justifies racism, or Freudianism, or even the standard evolutionary interpretation of the fossil record. As we have shown, all these concepts have been largely based on the discredited quasi-scientific notion of the 19th century that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." There are still other erroneous and harmful ideas that have sprouted from recapitulationism, which space limitations preclude discussing here. For example, much of modern criminology has developed out of this same recapitulationist concept.
"A whole school of 'criminal anthropology' … branded white wrongdoers as genetically retarded .... Born criminals are not simply deranged or diseased; they are, literally throwbacks to a previous evolutionary stage."14
Even Stephen Jay Gould himself, probably the most influential and articulate evolutionist spokesman of the current decade, has said, concerning the recapitulation theory:
"(Both the theory and 'ladder approach' to classification which it encouraged are, or should be, defunct today)."15
Creationists agree, but all Christians should also be concerned with the tragic heritage it has left in its wake. These concepts are also false, as well as perniciously harmful in human society.
1. G.G. Simpson and W. Beck, An Introduction to Biology (New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1965), p. 241.
2. Keith S. Thompson, "Ontogeny and Phylogeny Recapitulated," American Scientist (Vol. 76, May/June, 1988), p. 273.
3. David M. Raup, "Geology and Creation," Bulletin of the Field Museum of Natural History (Vol. 54, March 1983), p. 21.
4. Niles Eldredge, Time Frames: The Rethinking of Darwinian Evolution and the Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985), p. 52.
5. Stephen Jay Gould, "Dr. Down's Syndrome," Natural History (April 1980), p. 144.
6. Keith S. Thompson, op cit, p. 274.
7. Daniel Goleman, "Lost Paper Shows Freud's Effort to Link Analysis and Evolution," New York Times (February 10, 1987), p. 19.
8. lbid, p. 22.
9. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (2nd Ed., New York: A.L. Burt, Co., 1974), p. 178.
10. Stephen Jay Gould, "Racism and Recapitulation," Chapter 27 in Ever Since Darwin (New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1977), p. 217.
11. Daniel Gasman, The Scientific Origins of National Socialism: Social Darwinism in Ernst Haeckel and the German Monist League (New York, American Elsevier, 1971), P. xvii.
12. George J. Stein, "Biological Science and the Roots of Nazism," American Scientist (Vol. 76, Jan/Feb. 1988), p. 56.
13. Joseph Sobran, "The Averted Gaze: Liberalism and Fetal Pain," Human Life Review (Spring 1984), p. 6.
14. Stephen Jay Gould, Ever Since Darwin, pp. 218, 223. Again, to prevent misunderstanding, Gould is merely citing—not approving—this idea.
15. Stephen Jay Gould, "Dr. Down's Syndrome," p. 144.
* Dr. Henry M. Morris is Founder and President Emeritus of ICR.
Cite this article: Henry M. Morris, Ph.D. 1988. The Heritage of the Recapitulation Theory. Acts & Facts. 17 (9). | <urn:uuid:7db2ee91-046c-4e73-9cc5-98b24d8b995c> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.icr.org/articles/view/287/290/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320338.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624203022-20170624223022-00389.warc.gz | en | 0.946104 | 2,503 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Which approach to carbon emissions reduction is right for your business?
As the concept of ‘net zero’ gains momentum, and more businesses, cities and even countries are announcing their own net zero target dates, the term has become a buzzword, as corporations race to future-proof their businesses against climate risk. However, reducing your corporate emissions in line with the targets outlined in the Paris Agreement is complicated, and setting a date to achieve net zero emissions is just the start.
To help businesses navigate the complexities of carbon emissions reduction, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) was created. It acts as a framework to provide both guidance and accountability, ensuring corporate emissions reductions plans are in line with what the latest climate science deems necessary to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Net zero: All carbon emissions have been reduced to a net result of zero, by a target date (which your company specifies). Businesses must reduce emissions, but carbon offsetting can be used to reach the ‘net zero’ total. Net zero targets are not created equally: the path to achieving net zero emissions is inconsistent across corporations (which means you might set a reduction target that is not in line with the remaining carbon budget for your sector), and there is no defined rate at which your company will decarbonise. So Net Zero targets are effectively a commitment to achieve carbon neutrality, as opposed to actual emissions reductions.
Science-Based Target: Aligned with climate science and rooted in the Paris Agreement, they are scientific, quantitative and transparent. There is sector-specific guidance, based on IPCC modelling, and there are stringent frameworks in place to ensure your business sets targets that are compatible with less than 2 degrees of warming. What this means is that the scientific modelling has specified a total remaining carbon budget if we are to limit warming, and that total budget is then divided across all industries. Each industry has its own specific remaining carbon budget, and in order to stay within that number, every business within the sector will need to reduce their emissions accordingly, and as fast as possible. Carbon offsetting is not permitted when setting your science-based Target.
Carbon offsetting is problematic in the long term, as it is effectively an accounting tool that allows you to lower your emissions balance on paper, without having to take steps to actively reduce your emissions within your operations and supply chain. It allows a business to continue emitting at a continued rate, as long as they pay the cost of the equivalent carbon credits.
When setting a science-based target, your business’s carbon emissions are assessed within your industry sector, and your remaining carbon budget is the actual scientifically validated target that you will need to achieve in order to align with the Paris Agreement. With a science-based target, carbon offsets are permissible only as a tool during the transition period, and to neutralise all unavoidable emissions after reduction practices are implemented.
If your business is serious about reducing their emissions and keeping global warming to below 2 degrees, then committing to a science-based target is the best way for a corporation to confidently address climate change, due to the robust framework and accountability required.
For many businesses however, the stringent criteria, and the costs associated with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) may be currently out of reach, so a net zero target might be a more immediate action that your company can take. Net zero can be set by anybody and can be an important signal to employees, stakeholders, customers and the broader sector that you are putting emissions reduction at the core of your business strategy. It can allow your company to advocate for action and increase pressure on policy makers to take more urgent action on climate.
One caution for corporations setting net zero targets is that the absence of a specific rate of net decarbonisation means high emissions can exist until immediately prior to your deadline. Therefore, your corporate emissions could be higher than the carbon budget of an equivalent science-based target – and this is not compatible with limiting temperature rises to below 2 degrees. Greenhouse gas emissions have compounding effects, so reducing emissions sooner rather than later makes a big difference in how much warming occurs.
Your next step: choose which path you want to explore for your company.
Register your details to receive our strategies and frameworks to help your company WorkForClimate today | <urn:uuid:a8a2f8d2-5eb3-47a4-af15-d6c5329c6a14> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.workforclimate.org/post/net-zero-vs-science-based | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038066981.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416130611-20210416160611-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.947688 | 874 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A constellation is a group of stars or a star family.
They can be seen in the night sky.
Some were named after animals and some were named mythological characters.
Constellations are seen after sunset and before sunrise.
Also as the earth turns.
Check out these sites
| || | | <urn:uuid:03b8039a-2091-4fbd-b6c9-e212258039bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.scoilursula.com/ms-burkes-class/star-constellations-with-second-class | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886120573.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823152006-20170823172006-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.88558 | 64 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The systems theorist Niklas Luhmann defined modernity in terms of functional differentiation - that social functions become increasingly specialized and autonomous (yet coordinated) - for example the division of labour in a factory, or the economy; or the specialization of philosophy from theology, science from philosophy, biology from science, and zoology from biology.
When exactly this differentiation began is difficult to be sure, but clearly it accelerated from the industrial revolution.
However, shortly afterwards it seems that the biological specialization between human beings may have begun to undergo accelerating de-differentiation.
The theory runs like this: for almost all of human history, there was a very powerful selection pressure acting upon infants and children - far more babies reached advanced pregnancy and were born than survived to adulthood and themselves reproduced (this especially applied to males, among whom losses were greater at every stage - unless this pattern was specifically affected by contrary social practices).
But from the industrial revolution onwards, this stopped happening. A greater and greater proportion of infants reached adulthood, until in some parts of the world it approached 100 percent - and (probably) the major selection pressure of human history all-but ceased to operate.
Since each human is born with a few new and damaging genetic mutations, this implies a generation-upon-generation accumulation of deleterious genes.
What effect would this have? Well, as Geoffrey Miller has described - since about half of genes are involved in brain function, the brain is a huge 'mutational target' - so deleterious mutations probably affect brain function more than anything else.
This, I guess, is a major cause for the substantial decline in intelligence (measured objectively by simple reaction times) since the industrial revolution. (I am assuming that intelligence is something related to speed and efficiency of central nervous system processing; impaired by the same process that impairs reaction times).
But another affect would (I think) be a reduction in specialization; a reduction in the differences between people in terms of their specialized abilities - a reduction in high levels of specific excellence.
This would mean that differences between people in terms of functional ability would become more a matter of random variation (merely due to the deleterious effects of genetic mutations, pulling each person down from optimal functioning in different ways and by different degrees simply according to the actions of these mutations); and less a matter of different people having different specifically evolved adaptations.
So, it may be that the same broad period of human history - the modern era, post-industrial revolution - has been witnessing an increase in social complexity (differentiation) but a decrease in biological complexity (of differences between people related to specialized human abilities).
And perhaps that the reduction in biological complexity is now affecting social complexity - first causing a plateau in social complexity, then a decline in social complexity - a simplifying, a de-differentiation of society - for example in the imposition of crude political ideas over all functional social systems (ie political correctness/ New Leftism). | <urn:uuid:b9c806e8-6504-4a9b-9fab-d7a167dd11da> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://charltonteaching.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/modernity-social-differentiation-but.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320841.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626170406-20170626190406-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.95387 | 602 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Making the decision to begin trying for a baby brings feelings of both excitement and anticipation.
And for most of us, once we do get started we hope to fall pregnant immediately, with patience wearing thin as the months go by.
But while we’re often quick to start checking out maternity fashion and baby name books, many women haven’t really prepared for the important process they’re about to undertake.
Start taking Folic acid – taking a minimum of 500mcgs once daily will prevent seven out of ten neural tube defects. Aim to start taking folic acid supplements for two months prior to pregnancy and for the first four weeks following conception at least.
Quit smoking – Smoking while pregnant increases the risk of health problems such as ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, premature labour and sudden unexpected death in infancy, which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Quit drinking – As it is unknown how much alcohol is safe to drink while pregnant, the National Health and Medical Research Council recommends women abstain from drinking if they are pregnant as the safest option, so it’s a good idea to quit, or at least reduce, drinking while trying to conceive.
Improve your diet – Get your body in optimal condition for conception by enjoying a balanced diet with plenty of leafy greens, fruits and vegetables, protein and dairy.
Get to a healthy weight – A Body Mass Index of 19-25 is optimal. Women with a BMI above 35 should not be attempting to fall pregnant for health reasons.
Organise your financials – decide on public versus private hospital, and if opting for private, choose a provider and investigate the costs. Make sure your private health covers maternity and consider your budget post baby with one less income stream.
Visit dentist– recent studies have suggested that bad oral hygiene can impact your ability to fall pregnant and increase complications which threaten your ability to carry a baby to full term, so it’s a good idea to visit your dentist before you conceive.
Check your medical history – you’ll need to know all relevant medical facts about yourself and your family. Your doctor will require a comprehensive list of all your current medications and specific doses. Also be prepared to provide details about possible allergies.
Ensure your working environment is safe – make sure you’re not working in a toxic environment with high exposure to chemicals or smoke, and try to avoid heavy lifting. The same applies to home – avoid handling cat litter due to the risk of toxoplasmosis and wear gloves if gardening.
Be sure of your choice and enjoy the process! | <urn:uuid:8cdc086c-12f0-4800-a8a0-5a294265a55f> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://newbornbaby.com.au/conception-category/pregnancy-planning-checklist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187826840.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20171023221059-20171024001059-00159.warc.gz | en | 0.93042 | 527 | 2.546875 | 3 |
They say that Eskimos have dozens of words for describing snow, because so much of their lives revolve around the weather, and so it is in the case of Zulus and cattle. Historically, cows were used for everything from currency to matrimonial gifts, and form an integral part of many Zulu ceremonies, so it’s not surprising that there exist a great number of descriptions for the different types of cattle. This month
With it being Heritage Month in South Africa,
Click on the links below to read more about the stories our fieldworkers researched during the month of September, and if you’d like to have your say about the topics that we cover (and stand the chance to win R250 in airtime!) then take a few minutes to complete our survey.
- Imfuyo Yomuzi Wesintu
- Amabanga okukhula kwenkomo
- Imibala yezinkomo – Ingxenye I
- Imibala yezinkomo – Ingxenye II
- Imibala yezinkomo – Ingxenye III
- Qhakaza Mbokodo!
- Expressions – Vumelani Abantwana Beze Kimi
- Intombi ishelwa ngamanga
- Omama bomgido, kuguga othandayo
Image courtesy of www.namibgrens.com | <urn:uuid:389eefe5-802e-4fde-9509-2d1d8e2fce2a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/ulwazi-fieldworkers-september/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494826.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230126210844-20230127000844-00439.warc.gz | en | 0.86473 | 296 | 2.828125 | 3 |
One of the very first ballet teachers, Jean Baptiste Landé, had an enormous cultural impact on Russia when he took a group of French ballet students to perform for Empress Anna. The Empress was so delighted that she decided to open the first Russian ballet school, the Imperial Ballet School, in 1738. This was the first iteration of what was to become the famous Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet.
Agrippina Vaganova was a student of the Imperial Ballet School and danced with its professional company, the Imperial Russian Ballet, until retiring to become a teacher in 1916. During her career, Vaganova strived to discover the best methods for classical movement. She carefully studied the French and Cecchetti methods as well as the theories of her Russian colleagues and fused together the best of what she found. Vaganova taught and developed her system over 30 years of teaching at the academy, which eventually was named for her. The technique she created became a physical and aesthetic masterpiece that joined the romanticism of the French, the virtuosity of the Italians and the fiery soulfulness of the Russians.
Vaganova ballet technique requires and trains a malleable back and limbs and a very strong trunk. Like Cecchetti before her, Vaganova created her own system of port de bras, arabesques, body poses, attitudes, and wall/corner numbering, but instead of adding to the French systems of each, she streamlined them.
The Vaganova Academy still exists today. Thousands of 9 and 10 year olds audition each year after taking music and dance classes in their hometowns. Only about 20 boys and 20 girls are chosen. Students are housed in dorms and provided training, education, meals and medical care. Similar to the Paris Opera Ballet School, students are examined each year to determine whether they are up to the physical and technical standard to be allowed to continue. Those that make it to graduation are eligible for a position with the Kirov Ballet Company. The scene is much the same for the Bolshoi Ballet Academy, also known as the Moscow Choreographic Institute, which began in the late 1700s as a ballet class for an orphanage and is also firmly based in Vaganova technique.
The Vaganova and Bolshoi Academies have been responsible for the training of many if not most of the finest dancers the world has seen, including Anna Pavolva, Vaslav Nijinsky, Galina Ulanova, Maya Plisetskaya, Natalia Dudinskaya, Yuri Grigorvich, Natalia Bessmertnova, Ekaterina Maximova, Vladimir Vasiliev, Diana Vishneva, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Galina Mezentseva, Rudolf Nureyev, Natalia Makarova, Uliana Lopatkina, and Svetlana Zakharova to name a few. In addition to these stars, the Kirov and Bolshoi companies are given credit for many of the greatest classical ballets ever created due to the residencies of legendary choreographers Jules Perrot, Marius Petipa and Petipa’s assistant Lev Ivanov, whose creations while in Russia included Paquita, Don Quixote, La Bayadére, The Sleeping Beauty, Raymonda, and revivals of Giselle, Le Corsaire, Coppélia, La Esmeralda, La Sylphide, Swan Lake.
In the U.S., Vaganova technique is one of the most popular methods because of the popularity of its stars and because many Vaganova dancers settled in the U.S. where they opened their own ballet schools and brought the Vaganova method to American students. The Kirov and Bolshoi each have a presence in the U.S. through the Kirov Ballet Academy and the Bolshoi Ballet Academy Summer Intensive. | <urn:uuid:77ac2756-af52-4c2e-bf3b-26d07b45b33d> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://balletscoop.com/2010/08/19/the-vaganova-technique-fire-ice-from-the-east-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822513.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017215800-20171017235800-00642.warc.gz | en | 0.961743 | 812 | 2.875 | 3 |
Cases of hepatitis C have jumped more than 20 percent in recent years, causing a serious increase in liver disease and cancer.
But new breakthroughs in liver cancer screening could be lifesaving.
More than 3 million people in the United States are living with chronic hepatitis C, and most don’t even feel sick.
But hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, and only one in five people who are at risk actually get screened, even though that screening can save lives.
Like many baby boomers, 68-year-old Neil Strassman contracted hepatitis C and didn’t know it. He was diagnosed in 2006.
Eventually, Neil developed liver cancer. He underwent a successful liver transplant in 2012 and is now cancer-free.
“One day, you may be growing a cancer and not know it," Neil said. "And by the time you know it, it’s too late. So, the screenings are really a big deal.”
With liver cancer deaths doubling over the past decade and a huge increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, doctors say lives can be saved if people with hepatitis C are identified and encouraged to be screened for liver cancer.
It requires a blood test and an abdominal ultrasound.
“If Mr. Strassman was found at a more advanced stage, he wouldn’t be around with us today," Dr. Amit Singal said. "I think it really shows you the importance of doing this, because it does save lives.”
Because liver cancer screening is underused, Singal used electronic medical records to identify hepatitis C patients and sent 1,200 letters urging them to get screened. They were able to triple the number of screenings, which is how Neil's cancer was detected.
“This is the future, science and technology coming together to really improve outcomes,” Singal said.
“If you have hepatitis C, get regular screenings," Neil added. "Hopefully, they won’t see anything. But if they do, you’ll be at a stage where it can be cured.”
Singal is also working on a blood test that could eliminate the need for ultrasound to detect early-stage liver cancer. That blood test could be ready in two years.
When liver cancer is at an advanced stage, the life expectancy is one to two years, even with treatment. However, with liver cancer screening, the life expectancy is more than five years, often 10 to 20 years.
TOPIC: LIFE-SAVING LIVER CANCER SCREENING FOR HEP C PATIENTS
REPORT: MB #4445
BACKGROUND: Primary liver cancer, cancer that starts in the liver, accounts for about two percent of cancers in the U.S. In the U.S., primary liver cancer strikes twice as many men as women, at an average age of 67. Primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) tends to occur in livers damaged by birth defects, alcohol abuse, or chronic infection with diseases such as hepatitis B and C, hemochromatosis, and cirrhosis. More than half of all people diagnosed with primary liver cancer have cirrhosis, a scarring condition of the liver commonly caused by alcohol abuse. Hepatitis B and C and hemochromatosis can cause permanent damage and liver failure. Liver cancer may also be linked to obesity and fatty liver disease.
DIAGNOSING: Liver cancer is now the fastest-increasing cause of cancer death in the U.S. Incidence rates began rising in the mid-1970s, and they are expected to go up through at least 2030. It’s not only in the U.S. that rates are climbing. A study published in the December 2017 JAMA Oncology? found the incidence of liver cancer increased by 75 percent worldwide between 1990 and 2015. In many countries, liver cancer is among the top four causes of cancer death. A study? found that in the U.S., about 71 percent of all liver cancer diagnoses can be attributable to preventable risk factors, such as cigarette smoking and obesity.
NEW RESEARCH: Amit Singal MD, a Gastroenterologist and Transplant Hepatologist, Associate Professor of Medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center is using electronic medical records to identify patients at risk for liver cancer. Dr. Singal said, “We send them a letter and we place the orders so the patient can go in and get their ultrasound and blood test done even without ever seeing their provider. We’ve shown that we significantly increase liver cancer screening rates. We evaluated this in a study of nearly 2,000 people and we showed that we increased liver cancer screening rates three times.” He continued, “lives can be saved if the cancer can be found early. It is also important for people with advanced liver disease, from conditions such as hepatitis C, alcohol use, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, to be identified and encouraged to be screened for liver cancer. Liver cancer screening requires a simple-to-complete blood test, called alpha fetoprotein, and an abdominal ultrasound.” Patients can be treated with curative treatments like surgical resection or liver transplantation.
(Source: Amit Singal MD) | <urn:uuid:f9f85956-08cd-4c1d-a7b9-5fad8ad22715> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Liver-cancer-screening-A-lifesaving-necessity-for-hepatitis-C-patients-488540601.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370509103.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402235814-20200403025814-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.95208 | 1,100 | 3.0625 | 3 |
This true color mosaic of Jupiter was constructed from images taken by the narrow angle camera onboard NASA's Cassini spacecraft starting at 5:31 Universal time on December 29, 2000, as the spacecraft neared Jupiter during its flyby of the giant planet. It is the most detailed global color portrait of Jupiter ever produced; the smallest visible features are ~ 60 km (37 miles) across. The mosaic is composed of 27 images: nine images were required to cover the entire planet in a tic-tac-toe pattern, and each of those locations was imaged in red, green, and blue to provide true color. Although Cassini's camera can see more colors than humans can, Jupiter here looks the way that the human eye would see it.
Cassini's camera is digital, much like today's popular cameras, and it takes images in each color separately as different spectral filters are rotated in front of its light-sensitive detector. Over an hour was required for this portrait. Jupiter rotated during this time, so the face it presented to the camera, and the lighting on its moving clouds, were constantly changing. In order to assemble a seamless mosaic, each image was first digitally re-positioned to reflect the planet's appearance at the instant the first exposure was taken. Then, the lighting variation across each image was removed, and the mosaic was re-illuminated by a computer-generated 'Sun' from a direction that allowed all imaged portions to appear in sunlight at once. The result, which was slightly contrast-enhanced to bring out subtleties in the Jupiter atmosphere, is a view that the spacecraft would have had at the same distance from the planet but ~ 80 degrees solar phase.
Everything visible on the planet is a cloud. The parallel reddish-brown and white bands, the white ovals, and the large Great Red Spot persist over many years despite the intense turbulence visible in the atmosphere. The most energetic features are the small, bright clouds to the left of the Great Red Spot and in similar locations in the northern half of the planet. These clouds grow and disappear over a few days and generate lightning. Streaks form as clouds are sheared apart by Jupiter's intense jet streams that run parallel to the colored bands. The prominent dark band in the northern half of the planet is the location of Jupiter's fastest jet stream, with eastward winds of 480 km (300 miles) per hour. Jupiter's diameter is eleven times that of Earth, so the smallest storms on this mosaic are comparable in size to the largest hurricanes on Earth.
Unlike Earth, where only water condenses to form clouds, Jupiter's clouds are made of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and water. The updrafts and downdrafts bring different mixtures of these substances up from below, leading to clouds at different heights. The brown and orange colors may be due to trace chemicals dredged up from deeper levels of the atmosphere, or they may be byproducts of chemical reactions driven by ultraviolet light from the Sun. Bluish areas, such as the small features just north and south of the equator, are areas of reduced cloud cover, where one can see deeper.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The imaging team consists of scientists from the US, England, France, and Germany. The imaging operations center and team lead (Dr. C. Porco) are based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. | <urn:uuid:4035897a-d504-40a1-b17e-10a838f8df8b> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://ciclops.org/view/79/The_Greatest_Jupiter_Portrait?js=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510263423.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011743-00430-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952405 | 754 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Araluen, New South Wales
New South Wales
|Population||168 (2016 census)|
|Elevation||160 m (525 ft)|
|LGA(s)||Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council|
Araluen (km south of Braidwood, New South Wales. It is in the Southern Tablelands area of New South Wales, Australia. It is in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council local government area. It is on the banks of Araluen Creek. The creek joins the Deua River.) is a small town 27
History[change | change source]
The name 'Araluen' is an Australian Aboriginal word. It is believed to mean 'water lily' or 'place of the water lilies'. When European settlers arrived Araluen was a wide alluvial valley. It had many billabongs covered with water lilies. No billabongs exist in the Araluen valley today. The natural shape and look of Araluen Creek and its valley were completely destroyed by uncontrolled and very destructive gold mining. This took place during the 'gold rush' in the second half of the 1800s.
The first Europeans to explore the area were Kearns, Packer and Marsh in 1822. Andrew Badgery started farming cattle in the area in the 1830s. The first European settler to live at Araluen was Henry Burnell. He was able to buy 1280 acres of land. He started farming sheep and cattle in 1835. With the help of convicts he was able to build a farm house and farm buildings.
Gold[change | change source]
Gold was found at Araluen by Alexander Waddell in September 1851. Thousands of people came to Araluen to look for gold during the gold rush. This included many Chinese gold miners. One of these miners was Quong Tart who came to Araluen when he was only nine years old. He later became a famous business man in Sydney. In the 1860s there were more than 20 hotels in Araluen. The gold was alluvial gold, found in the bottom of the creeks. In some places there was up to 12 metres of dirt and sand on top of the gold. In the 1870s the gold miners used hydraulic sluices (high pressure water hoses) to wash away all the sand and dirt. Big floating dredges (digging machines) were put in the creek. There were 11 there in the 1900s. The last dredge stopped working in 1932.
A flood in the Araluen and Braidwood area killed 24 people on January 1, 1860. The flood destroyed the town. After the gold rush was over most people left the town. The Court House, built about 1861, is now used as a place for tourists to stay.
Ben Hall[change | change source]
In May 1865 the bushranger Ben Hall and his gang tried to hold up the Araluen gold coach. The coach carried gold from the Araluen gold fields to Braidwood. This was a very steep road and very hard for a wagon pulled by horses to travel along. Often the only way to goods in and out of the valley was to drag them up or down on sleds. The wagons could not go very fast, so this was a good spot for the bushrangers to rob the coach. The gold coach usually had a policeman with a gun sitting next to the driver. There were two more policemen on the back of the carriage. Four more policemen rode on horses in front and behind the coach. The gold was kept in a safe which was bolted to floor of the coach. (The coach has been restored and is on display at the Braidwood Museum) . The police were able to keep the bushrangers away from the coach, but Constable Kelly was wounded in the shooting.
Fruit farms[change | change source]
Arts and Poetry[change | change source]
Australian poet, Henry Kendall (1839-1882), wrote a poem called Araluen. This describes the quiet and peaceful mood of the valley. It includes the words "Araluen -- home of dreams...". He also called his first daughter Araluen. She was named after the Araluen Creek. She died in 1870 at the age of 13 months.
Araluen Zieria[change | change source]
The Araluen Zieria (Zieria adenophora), is a small shrub about 50cm tall and 50 cm wide. It is only found in one place, a slope above the Araluen Creek. There are only 56 known plants. It has been listed as Endangered under the Australian government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is also listed by the New South Wales Government, Endangered (Schedule 1, Part 1) on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. There is now a plan to protect the plant. These plans include:
- A fence to keep out wild goats
- Stopping any building or disturbing the site
- Studying the plant
- Trying to grow new plants in other places
- Looking for the plants in other places.
References[change | change source]
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Araluen (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- "Araluen". Towns and Villages of the Southern Tablelands. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
- "Araluen, New South Wales". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. 13 July 2001. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- "Walkabout - Araluen". Fairfax Australian Travel Guide. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- "Araluen and Braidwood, NSW: Floods - 1860". Emergency Management Australia: Disasters Database. Retrieved 2008-12-03.[dead link]
- "Old Court House Bed and Breakfast Araluen". Combined Hotels. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- "Gold Escort Coach Gifted to the Braidwood Museum" (PDF). Braidwood Times. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- "Araluen by Henry Kendall (1839 - 1882)". Perry Middlemiss. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- "Araluen Kendall, The Argus, November 22, 1924". National Library of Australia, Australian Newspapers. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- "Music at the Creek". Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- "National Recovery Plan for the Araluen Zieria". Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 2008-12-03. | <urn:uuid:d88f3a97-ef27-4b2f-bed9-d1d18d865d5c> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araluen,_New_South_Wales | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864999.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522225116-20180523005116-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.946744 | 1,440 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Hypertension is a kind of health problem in the usa. According to the Us Heart Association, about one out of three us grownups is afflicted with hypertension. Better known as high blood pressure to many people, hypertension can be a major health risk if left untreated. The increased pressure from the arterial blood vessels will make an affected person far more susceptible to having a blood vessel rupture, which may be lethal. Even though some adding variables to hypertension are unavoidable, other people could be reduced and therefore are even curable. Learning the leads to and outcomes of great blood pressure can help to make patients far more aware about the potential risks they encounter so they can do something to guard towards it. There are numerous potential reasons behind hypertension and sometimes many factors work in combination and result in a beginning of great blood pressure as time passes. The following is a long list of risks that improve a person’s chance of possessing raised blood pressure:
- Family members history of hypertension hereditary predisposition
- African American descent genetic predisposition
- Excessive weight
- Renal or renal system failure
- Higher everyday sodium absorption
- Dental contraceptives containing the chemical substance Drospirenone
A few of these variables are difficult to manage, but others are avoidable. By observing your weight and the level of sodium that you consume in what you eat, you may lessen your chance of creating hypertension. Should you be a female using or contemplating using childbirth handle, look at conversing with your physician about the hypertension risks connected with Drospirenone-containing pills. Should you already fall under a number of risk classes for top blood pressure, it might be beneficial for you to think about other contraceptive options. For more details www.cardiotrustnigeria.com.
While hypertension may be somewhat mitigated by higher blood pressure treatment, it could be particularly risky if still left undiagnosed. A client with no treatment great blood pressure is more prone to experience a heart attack, stroke, or renal system harm. Regrettably, many individuals that suffer significant health conditions from hypertension were by no means mindful that they had the problem. It is actually therefore important that you see your medical professional routinely and become examined for top blood pressure. An easy a single-minute check for hypertension could save your valuable daily life. Should you get caught in any of these danger classes that are acknowledged to boost your risk for hypertension, speak to your medical doctor about how you can lessen your odds of establishing great blood pressure? Particularly if you are an at-threat girl at the moment taking or considering delivery handle, it is important to speak to your doctor regarding the potential undesirable adverse reactions of birth control made up of Drospirenone. | <urn:uuid:90f82d89-6e6a-4baf-be32-153d6609dd1d> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.miniaturasdelostalis.com/cardiotrust-can-cure-hypertension.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154127.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20210731234924-20210801024924-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.938832 | 549 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Learn to Draw > Managing brushes and paper while painting
Since watercolor must be painted broadly and fast and since every new shade must be mixed clearly on the palette, we shall soon fill up all the space on it.
It would take far too much time to clean a section for each new mixture, so it is best to use a second palette and even a third if necessary. Unused left-over paints are then still available, and this can be very convenient if a first application has been too thin and needs going over again. This often happens as the work progresses.
Watercolor can be done quite well with one brush, but three are better: one for
yellow, orange, and cadmium red, one for alizarin red to violet, and one for green to blue. If you want to work in the really grand manner, use one more for gray and one for brown.
If you work with only one brush it must be very carefully cleaned before each use. This takes time and is never quite certain. If, for instance, you use yellow after blue it is more than likely that a trace of blue will stay in the brush and give the yellow a greenish tinge.
It looks very fine to hold all the brushes in the left hand, and the palette too, but it is not really very practical. It is much better to have two brush jars, one for blunt brushes for taking out paint and mixing it and one for painting brushes.
If the brushes stand spread out like a sparse bunch of flowers it is easy to see which one you want.
Often even several palettes get filled up, and sponge-rubber cloths or rags are needed to wipe them clean. A whole stock of these should lie ready to wipe away paint that is finished with.
Dirty cloths can be thrown into a box, and after the artistic side of the work is done they must be carefully washed out under the tap. These cloths are also excellent for removing unwanted paint from the picture.
Later, when the paper has dried out too much from the first painting, it cannot, of course, be dampened with the cloth again. A fixative spray filled with clear water is then used-but be careful! Not more than a breath of water should be sprayed on-perhaps to be repeated again later-or the colors will run into each other and all over the place.
For painting with watercolors you sh'ould sit at a table supporting the block or board at the edge with the left hand.
Then you can hold the surface flat and at the correct angle. The more fluid your painting is the more the color will tend to run down and be darker at the bottom. This has to be prevented. The palette, too, should lie on the table. If it is held in the hand the fluid colors will spill into each other in the heat of the moment. Easels and palettes held in the hand are used only with thick, not liquid, paints.
However much you try to get the final tones at once, you will very rarely succeed. As you work, the effect of the picture evolves only gradually, and you see how to heighten it with darker depths and alterations in the colors; also you will need to put on two or three layers of color. Provide yourself, too, with a few strips of paper for testing colors, particularly mixtures; watercolors always look different on paper and on the palette.
Next: Watercolor technique continued | <urn:uuid:775d8792-5f9d-4bb9-a7ec-472bc190fe66> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.howtodrawit.com/brusheswhilepainting.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207927824.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113207-00038-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962249 | 717 | 2.875 | 3 |
Visitors see the internet as a box of tool to achieve their goal. They didn’t leave any trace of their appearance, such as expression of opinions or having any ‘digital identity’. It is not because they are not technically adapted but they are more focused. It could be the individual have a great network offline that they did not need any additional online community. Visitors act based on their goal is to solve their problem so they will chose the appropriate tool and sign off. In educational aspect, most visitor’s ideology saw internet as a pool of information to pick up information. Social media and others have nothing to do with learning journey.
While Residents could be said as the next level of engagement. They perceive web as a part of their life and social space. They have community, create relationship and have a sense of ‘belonging’. They share part of their life journey on web by using social media. They also tend to expressing their-self on web. However, it does not means residents are using internet more efficient and effective than visitors.
Visitor and Residents are a term to define our engagement with the web. Visitor and residents term cover the native and immigrant term which define the engagement by age and skill or academic and technical. It is defined by the culture and motivation of the web user.
How individuals use the platform depends on the context and how they manage it. A proportion of user might use web primarily as visitor or primarily as resident. Other spectrum is using web as visitor and resident depends on the occasion and I am one of it. In doing my study or searching for information, I’m using web as a visitor. My aim is to gain reliable information or help me to do some task, once it’s accomplished I’ll sign off. While for personal life, I’m using web as a residents. Mostly for social media. Namely Facebook, twitter, Instagram, blog, and YouTube. Quite often I leave some comments to show support, opinions, or simply to say hi.
Not all platforms are designed equally, some of them are designed to be used as resident. Using it as visitor will prevent us to get the value of the platform. Another spectrum is educational, recently education move to collaborating web into the syllabus. One of the example is our online module that collaborates different platform and social media. During this module, students should use resident approach to get the most of it.
White, D. (2008). Not ‘Natives’ & ‘Immigrants’ but ‘Visitors’ & ‘Residents’. Tall Blog, University of Oxford.
White,D. (2009). Visitors and Residents : the videos. Tall Blog, University of Oxford.
White, D. S., & Cornu, A. L. (2011). Visitors and Residents: A new typology for online engagement.First Monday, 16(9) | <urn:uuid:a6b6a54b-6a4f-4233-8be1-7813acde4f98> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://silvianasutanto.wordpress.com/2015/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825057.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022022540-20171022042540-00733.warc.gz | en | 0.947889 | 607 | 3.28125 | 3 |
English Proficiency in the Classroom
A student’s ability to speak English with clear pronunciation is an important part of a university education. It is assumed that the graduate or professional student’s spoken English will be at a high enough level to communicate and participate completely in classes. If, while in classes, it is determined that the student’s ability to communicate orally and write in English is below the necessary standard, an instructor may refer him/her to the department chair, who may require him/her to enroll in a noncredit program at the student’s expense. This program is designed to enable the student to raise his/her English communication ability. | <urn:uuid:867ad979-652d-4d73-a931-399c59a8acbd> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://catalog.apu.edu/graduateprofessional/academic-policies-procedures/english-proficiency-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160400.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924110050-20180924130450-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.956319 | 137 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Friday, March 20, 2015
Week of 03/15/2015-03/21/2015
Reading/Language Arts : Mimzy spent time writing in her journal about various topics and did Star Wars workbooks this week.
Math : We focused on the 6 times table more, did mixed math, and pages from her workbook.
Social Studies : We read the fable of the mouse and the Lion, and discussed how kindness can be rewarded. We discussed ways in which she had shown mercy in the past, and how it made her feel. We also discussed how others had shown kindness and mercy to her.
Science : This week we discussed how animals communicate with humans and with each other.She made a graph showing the Reason an animal was communicating, How the animal communicated, and what Senses were used to communicate.
Health : This week was a review week!
Art : This week we made rubber band bracelets and focused on color patterns.
Music : We focused on identifying instruments in orchestral music, especially the violin, which is her favorite.
Extra : The weather was nice (albeit squishy) so we spent a lot of time outside this week! | <urn:uuid:f0bf67dc-ec26-4f44-a9ce-86bafd085088> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://deepseasacademy.blogspot.com/2015/03/week-of-03152015-03212015.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818690228.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170924224054-20170925004054-00482.warc.gz | en | 0.971585 | 242 | 2.734375 | 3 |
When Japan's Daiichi Fukushima nuclear power station was built, everyone knew it was in an area prone to earthquakes. But no one counted on this one.
After the shattering temblor that struck Japan Friday, that miscalculation, and its potentially catastrophic results, are bringing new scrutiny to atomic plants in other quake-prone areas.
Countries around the world, including the U.S., China and Japan itself, operate nuclear plants in proximity to active faults or along coastlines subject to tsunamis. It can be hard to avoid such locations, given a nation's geology and the billions of gallons of water the plants require.
The industry says the plants are fully tested to withstand the worst possible quakes in each location, and note that even the Daiichi plant survived Friday's quake intact, only to fall victim to a tsunami that wiped out its backup power generators. The crisis in Japan is prompting questions about the reliability of those assurances.
"What happened in Japan could just as easily happen here," said Sam Blakeslee, a California state senator and geophysicist who has argued that his state's two nuclear plants are more vulnerable to quakes than their operators claim.
Tokyo Electric Power Co. 9501 0.00 % , the utility that owns and operates the crippled Daiichi plant, tested the facility to a 7.9-magnitude quake, the strongest its scientific models showed was possible in the area, according to company documents reviewed by The Wall Street Journal. The quake that struck Friday was more than 10 times as big, on the logarithmic scale scientists use.
It wasn't the first time a quake had exceeded scientists' expectations. In 2007, a 6.6-magnitude quake struck Japan's Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, the world's biggest nuclear facility. The force of the quake "significantly exceeded" the plant's design expectations, the International Atomic Energy Agency later found. The quake sparked a fire on a transformer outside the main reactor and caused minor contamination in the surrounding sea.It came two years after a Tokyo court dismissed a lawsuit from nearby residents who said the plant was too close to a major fault line.
The unfolding Japanese disaster has been closely watched in China, which has been rapidly expanding its fleet of nuclear reactors, some of them in seismically active areas. China is building a plant in Dalian, across the Bohai Sea from Tangshan, a city that was leveled in 1976 by a 7.5-magnitude earthquake.
China said its nuclear facilities were safe. The government has largely embraced American-made third-generation reactors, which include passive safety systems and don't rely on the older pumps that failed in Japan. The country is also less susceptible to the tsunami-size waves that crippled the reactors in Japan.
Nonetheless, China announced Wednesday a decision to halt approvals of new nuclear-power plants as it considers additional safety measures and said it would conduct inspections at existing plants.
The U.S. hasn't broken ground on a new nuclear plant since the Three Mile Island disaster of 1979 in Pennsylvania, but it has plants in seismically active areas. In a letter to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission on Tuesday, Edward Markey and Lois Capps, two Democratic members of Congress, said there were eight nuclear reactors on the West Coast and 27 near the New Madrid fault line in the Midwest.
The lawmakers wrote that they were concerned the plants "are not designed with sufficient levels of resiliency against the sort of earthquakes scientists predict they could experience."
Tom Kauffman, a spokesman for the Nuclear Energy Institute, a trade group, said every nuclear-power plant in the U.S. was designed and constructed to withstand the maximum projected earthquake that could occur in the plant's area.
A 2008 study in California, however, questioned how well regulators and plant operators understand the seismic risks facing the state's two active nuclear plants. The California Energy Commission studyfound that plant operators hadn't updated their models to reflect the latest seismic research.
Pacific Gas & Electric Co., which operates the Diablo Canyon plant on the central California coast, objected to the study in an October 2008 letter. The following month, the company disclosed that it had found a previously unknown fault running underground less than a mile from the plant. The company and federal regulators both say the plant's existing defenses are adequate even with the new fault. But the state's energy commission last year recommended that plant operators re-evaluate their earthquake vulnerability using new technology.
PG&E spokesman Kory Raftery said the Diablo Canyon plant was designed to withstand a 7.5 quake, well beyond the maximum quake predicted by scientists of 6.0 to 6.5.
California's 2008 study was also critical of the state's other nuclear plant, Southern California Edison's San Onofre plant in San Clemente. New information after the plant was built, the study found, suggested it "could experience larger ground motions from earthquakes than had been anticipated at the time the plant was designed."
The study also found that the 30-foot sea wall protecting the plant was just three feet higher than the maximum wave height predicted by tsunami models when the plant was built. Those models didn't consider the possibility of tsunamis caused by underwater landslides, which the state study said could be even bigger.
"Based on historical information from scientists, the wall is capable of dealing with any type of tsunami that would be generated by an earthquake," Southern California Edison spokesman Steven Conroy said.
and Dionne Searcey
contributed to this article. | <urn:uuid:c0dc232d-1206-4fd2-a6de-3e5331ec27b5> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704396504576204672681780248?mod=_newsreel_5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257823387.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071023-00003-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969799 | 1,136 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Who has ruled New York? Has power become more concentrated—or more widely and democratically dispersed—in American cities over the past one hundred years? How did New York come to have its modern physical and institutional shape? Focusing on the period when New York City was transformed from a nineteenth-century mercantile center to a modern metropolis, David C. Hammack offers an entirely new view of the history of power and public policy in the nation's largest urban community.
Opening with a fresh and original interpretation of the metropolitan region's economic and social history between 1890 and 1910, Hammack goes on to show how various population groups used their economic, social, cultural, and political resources to shape the decisions that created the modern city. As New York grew in size and complexity, its economic and social interests were forced to compete and form alliances. No single group—not even the wealthy—was able to exercise continuing control of urban policy. Building on his account of this interplay among numerous elites, Hammack concludes with a new interpretation of the history of power in New York and other American cities between 1890 and 1950.
This book makes a major contribution to the study of community power, of urban and regional history, and of public policy. And by taking the meaning and distribution of power as his theme, Hammack is able to reintegrate economic, social, and political history in a rich and comprehensive work.
"Lucid, instructive, and discerning....The most commanding analysis of its subject that I know." —John M. Blum, professor of history, Yale University
"A powerful and persuasive treatment of a marvelous subject." —Nelson W. Polsby, professor of political science, University of California, Berkeley
DAVID C. HAMMACK is professor of history at Case Western Reserve University. | <urn:uuid:93d5f02e-3361-4c0a-b509-70583dd06d9b> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.russellsage.org/publications/power-and-society-greater-new-york | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812873.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220030745-20180220050745-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.954113 | 370 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The Plain English Campaign, based in Derbyshire, are urging people to use less jargon, and more simple language to get their point across.
It comes after a survey revealed most people in the region are irritated by the use of jargon, or 'buzz-words', such as 'thinking outside the box' or 'leveraging'.
Steve Jenner, from the campaign team, says the use of language where the meaning is clear should be used more often.
A third of people in the Midlands use ‘buzz-words’ or jargon, and cringe at themselves afterwards, according to new research.
Data released today also claims more than 1 in 20 use jargon in order to sound more professional.
East Midlands statistics:
- 94% think people should speak more clearly because we use too much jargon
- 91% find jargon irritating
- 4% use 'buzz-words' to look more professional
- 30% will use 'buzz-phrases' but then cringe
- 63% mostly encounter jargon at work
West Midlands statistics:
- 80% think people should speak more clearly because we use too much jargon
- 79% find jargon irritating
- 8% use 'buzz-words' to look more professional
- 33% will use 'buzz-phrases' but then cringe
- 60% mostly encounter jargon at work
Research released today shows 90% of people in the East Midlands and four out of five people in the West Midlands find the use of jargon irritating.
Phrases such as those below have been marked out as some of the most annoying, with most people coming across them at work.
- ‘Run this up the flagpole’
- ‘Blue sky thinking’
- ‘Circling back’
- 'Thinking outside the box’
- ‘Touching base’
The Plain English Campaign team are calling for more people to use simple English to express themselves more clearly, claiming that people waste two hours a day, on average, listening to jargon. | <urn:uuid:3b1b60a5-a20e-4c4d-a40f-730f45558ccd> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.itv.com/news/central/topic/language/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507445886.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005725-00288-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946079 | 429 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Research highlights, January 2010 “Ophthalmology" journal
SAN FRANCISCO–This month’s Ophthalmology, the journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, includes a research review of the effects of Vitamins C and E and magnesium on diabetic retinopathy and findings from the first large study of vision problems in Hispanic and African-American infants and young children.
Can Supplements Help People with Diabetes Avoid Retinopathy?
In theory, Vitamins C and E and magnesium could help prevent or limit diabetic retinopathy DR, a potentially blinding disease, since each nutrient causes the body to respond in ways that alter retinopathy mechanisms. For example, in animal models Vitamins C and E suppress production of a growth factor, VEG-F, which can promote abnormal blood vessels in the retina. And high dietary levels of magnesium are associated with lower blood pressure and blood sugar, both of which correlate with a lower risk of retinopathy. A research team led by Amanda Adler, MD, PhD, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom, surveyed studies published from 1988 through 2008 on the impact of these micronutrients on DR. Based on 15 selected studies comprising 4,094 individuals, Dr. Adler says the evidence is not strong enough yet to recommend Vitamins C or E or magnesium supplements for patients with diabetes. She thinks the research should continue, though, and recommends specific parameters.
“It is a very attractive proposition that what one eats, rather than a medication, might reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Ideally, future studies would include frequent measurement of intake of these three nutrients through diet and supplements, standardized exams to identify DR, and agreed-upon biomarkers to assess DR progression,” Dr. Adler said. “If such studies showed apparent protection against DR, then a randomized clinical trial could determine more precisely how a person with diabetes might, or might not, alter his intake of any of these nutrients,” she said.
The Adler survey found that in hospital-based studies, participants with higher levels of Vitamin C in their blood were less likely to have DR, but in population-based studies there was no association between dietary intake of Vitamin C and DR. For Vitamin E, no studies showed an association between blood levels or dietary intake and DR risk. For magnesium, one study showed an association between low blood levels of magnesium and DR progression, but other studies were inconclusive.
Assessing Eyesight and Ethnic Group Norms in Young Children
How common are vision disorders in infants and young children, and do rates differ by ethnic group? The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study MEPEDS based at the Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, is the first large study to consider these questions in preschool-aged children. Rohit Varma, MD, MPH, and colleagues report their findings on refractive error, the leading cause of vision problems in young children. They studied the prevalence of myopia nearsightedness, hyperopia farsightedness and anisometropia a difference in refractive error between the two eyes in more than 6,000 Hispanic and African-American children about 3,000 per ethnicity aged 6 to 72 months.
Overall, about 90 percent of the children were in the normal range measured in eye exams as less than 1 diopter of myopia and greater than 4 diopters of hyperopia. African-American children were more likely to be myopic 6.6 percent than Hispanic children 3.7 percent, and rates declined with age in both groups. MEPEDS results suggest that low-level myopia that improves with age may be normal, especially in African-American infants: 14 percent were myopic at 6 to 11 months, but only 4 percent at 48 months and older. Other studies show that myopia increases again in both groups in school-aged children. Hyperopia was more prevalent in Hispanic than in African-American children 26.9 versus 20.8 percent, respectively. Prevalence declined between ages 6 and 24 months, then stabilized or increased, indicating that not all children “grow out” of hyperopia. The 2-to-3 year old time period is also when eye misalignment esotropia, one eye turned inward is likely to occur, and the researchers think persistent hyperopia and the onset of esotropia may be related.
Anisometropia, defined as a difference of more than 1 diopter of refractive error between the two eyes, was found in 4 to 6 percent of preschoolers in both ethnic groups. Prevalence of this vision disorder declined between 6 months and 2 years, but remained fairly stable after age 2. Anisometropia is associated with strabismus misaligned eyes and with amblyopia, also called “lazy eye,” in which one eye increasingly does the work of seeing while the other loses vision. If a child with amblyopia receives early and consistent treatment, he or she usually regains normal vision.
“Preschool refractive error screening could detect many children with amblyopia related to anisometropia, so that treatment could be started early,” Dr. Varma said. “Studies are needed to further assess anisometropic changes over time and relate anisometropia levels to risk for developing amblyopia and strabismus, so that effective vision screening protocols can be developed.”
About the American Academy of Ophthalmology
AAO is the world's largest association of eye physicians and surgeons—Eye M.D.s—with more than 27,000 members worldwide. Eye health care is provided by the three “O’s” – opticians, optometrists and ophthalmologists. It is the ophthalmologist, or Eye M.D., who can treat it all: eye diseases and injuries, and perform eye surgery. To find an Eye M.D. in your area, visit the Academy's Web site at www.aao.org | <urn:uuid:163e2ae5-2138-4677-8592-79e3dd9d3ab1> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.aao.org/newsroom/news-releases/detail/update-vitamins-dr-preschoolers-eyesight-ethnicity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039746110.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119192035-20181119214035-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.946813 | 1,254 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Pancreatic Cancer: Statistics
What are statistics?
Some people use numbers called statistics to figure out their chances of getting cancer. Or they use them to try to figure out their chances of dying from cancer. Because no 2 people are alike, statistics can’t be used to predict what will happen to 1 person. The statistics below describe large groups of people. They do not take into account a person's own risk factors, such as family history, behaviors, or cancer screenings. If you have questions, talk with your healthcare provider.
What are the statistics for pancreatic cancer?
Here are some statistics about pancreatic cancer:
About 55,440 new cases of this cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2018.
About 44,330 people will die of pancreatic cancer in 2018.
The average person's risk of getting this cancer in their lifetime is about 1 in 65 for women and 1 in 63 for men. Your chance of getting this cancer may be higher or lower. This depends on your risk factors.
Source: American Cancer Society
January 24, 2018
Alteri, Rick, MD,Cunningham, Louise, RN,Gersten, Todd, MD | <urn:uuid:c5bfbf47-de08-4ae2-b436-f755ec9fb59c> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.yourcareeverywhere.com/article/krames/en/article/health-research/health-insights/cancer-care-insights/pancreatic-cancer/statistics-about-pancreatic-cancer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825916.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214140721-20181214162221-00196.warc.gz | en | 0.941779 | 246 | 2.890625 | 3 |
- a glove made of kid leather.
- handle with kid gloves, to treat with extreme tact or gentleness: He's upset, so handle him with kid gloves today.
Origin of kid glove
First recorded in 1705–15
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018
Examples from the Web for kid glove
Now, I wonder what that kid-glove crook has against the boy!The Long Chance
Peter B. Kyne
Life, as her brother had prophesied, was no kid-glove affair.
He was a little too high-handed in his smooth, kid-glove way.
He owns entire the manufactory of the celebrated Alexandre kid-glove.Great Fortunes, and How They Were Made</p>
James D. McCabe, Jr.
No wonder he wrote bitter words of the kid-glove geographers, who criticized him, and the press that jeered at him.Stanley's Adventures in the Wilds of Africa</p>
Joel Tyler Headley and William Fletcher Johnson
- a glove made of kidskin
- handle with kid gloves to treat with great tact or caution
- overdelicate or overrefined
- diplomatic; tactfula kidglove approach
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 | <urn:uuid:86a2a96c-a32f-4846-8d56-fcd747fc6696> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/kid-glove | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866894.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524224941-20180525004941-00395.warc.gz | en | 0.91751 | 324 | 2.671875 | 3 |
|Healthy Diet Plans >> Therapeutic Value of Different Foods >> Low Fat Dairy >> Eggs|
EggsEggs are an important part of our daily food intake, eggs are either included in breakfast of in several baked products or at the time of making several different types of sauces. Eggs are used by all in one form or the other; this is good, since eggs have been found as being good providers of several nutritional components that might not be available in daily diet.
Quite some amount of nutrition is packed in each egg, different combination is in egg yellow and egg white, eggs are rich in protein and iron, including an egg in breakfast each day will help you in weight loss. Eggs are also known to provide immunity because of its healthy proportion of vitamin D.
Eggs are known to boost brain health because of choline, it has been found that choline deficiency leads to deficiency of another compound called folic acid, which is extremely necessary to maintain good health. Choline in eggs is highly beneficial for body processes like neurotransmission, i.e. transmitting of signal to and fro from the nerves; here choline is the primary chemical in this sending and receiving process.
Brain is made of high percentage of fat cells, and brain health depends on flexibility and integrity of these cells, choline helps maintain these cells in proper condition. Choline is also helpful in a process called methylation that means transfer of methyl groups from one place to another.
Eggs have for long have been accused of raising cholesterol levels inside the body, however, latest studies suggest otherwise, it is becoming obvious that though eggs do contain cholesterol there is no evidence that cholesterol levels have risen because of consumption of eggs, it was also seen that eggs were helpful in bringing up levels of LDL cholesterol, though there was no change in the levels of HDL cholesterol.
Eggs are also known to prevent clotting of blood, this is because the proteins in egg yolk are take time in formation of blood clotting on fibrinogen, these egg proteins avoid clot formation depending on the number of egg yolks eaten, however, it is advised that egg yolks should be eaten by keeping in mind one’s own capacity.
Eggs also contain a carotenoid called lutein, this is more than that found in green leafy vegetables like the spinach, this carotenoid helps in avoiding eye problems like the cataract, this is more so because lutein from eggs is absorbed better by the body than lutein from spinach.
Eggs are a wholesome food which should be included in daily diet.
|Submitted on February 24, 2009| | <urn:uuid:162bb75b-2b2f-4d28-8e20-7c73c7d24969> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.diethealthclub.com/therapeutic-value-of-different-foods/low-fat-dairy/eggs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121153.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00407-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977339 | 553 | 3.234375 | 3 |
A RIKEN research team has established an optimized three-dimensional (3-D) tissue-staining and observation technique based on existing tissue clearing technology. Published in Nature Communications, the study details how the new technique can be used to stain tissue and label cells in mouse brains, human brains, and whole marmoset bodies. This technique will allow detailed anatomical analysis and whole-organ comparisons between species at the cellular level.
Tissue clearing allows 3-D observation of organs using an optical microscope. In 2014, a research team led by Etsuo Susaki and Hiroki Ueda at the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) in Japan developed a 3-D tissue clearing technology called CUBIC, which can image the whole body at the single-cell level by making tissue transparent.
While tissue clearing can result in fantastical images, by itself it does not have much scientific value. In order for tissue clearing to be meaningful, scientists need to be able to stain and label specific tissues and cell types, which can then be studied. This requires a system that works with a wide range of staining agents and antibodies. Although several types of 3-D staining and labeling methods have been attempted, none has been versatile enough.
Realizing that they needed a better understanding of body tissue, the team at BDR and their colleagues performed detailed physical and chemical analyses. They found that biological tissues can be defined as a type of electrolyte gel.
Based on the tissue properties they discovered, they constructed a screening system to examine a series of conditions using artificial gels that can mimic biological tissues. By analyzing the staining and antibody labeling of artificial gels with CUBIC, they were able to establish a fine-tuned, versatile 3-D-staining/imaging method, which they named CUBIC-HistoVIsion. By using this optimized system with high-speed 3-D microscopic imaging, they succeeded in staining and imaging the whole brain of a mouse, half a marmoset brain, and a square centimeter of human brain tissue. Whole-body 3-D imaging of an infant marmoset was also successful. The system worked well with about 30 different antibodies and nuclear staining agents, making it useful for scientists in many different fields, from studying the brain to studying kidney function.
The system can be used for many purposes, one of which is to compare whole-organ anatomical features among species. CUBIC-HistoVIsion revealed that the overall distribution patterns of blood vessels in the brains of mice and marmosets are very similar and thus likely evolutionarily preserved. At the same time, they found that glia-cell distribution in the brain’s cerebellum differed between humans, mice, and marmosets. The authors speculate that these differences in glia patterning could lead to the well-known structural differences in the cerebellum among species.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:be2dd3ee-90c5-41a9-82f7-ee9640b80b7e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://patriotnewsorganization.com/health-news/new-staining-technique-visualizes-whole-organs-and-bodies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100545.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205041842-20231205071842-00816.warc.gz | en | 0.94803 | 611 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Ap bio lab 7 cell division
Organisms use cell division to replicate, grow, and, in the case of a process called meiosis, to make gametes for reproduction this lab explores. Both mitosis and meiosis are forms of cell division that produce daughter cells containing genetic information from the parent cell (a) ap biology free-response questions 2015 teaching resources created date: 2/19/2015 7:52:53 am. Ap lab simulations online cell anatomy & structure animation cell division animation (ap biology) cell anatomy & structure animation cell division animation cell membrane animation cell signaling simulation from dna learning center. Ap biology home about agenda levels exams meiosis project unit 7: mitosis & meiosis in investigation: cell cycle regulation pogil and lab 4: normal and abnormal cell division video: cell cycle control (khan academy.
Mitosis is the first of these studied in this lab it is easily observed in cells that continue reading lab 3 sample ap mitosis & meiosis skip to content telophase i then prepares the cell for its second division. Ap biology exam review guide page 7 ap biology: 2013 exam review concept 2 - cells 1 centrioles- used in cell division i plant chloroplast- double membrane site of photosynthesis (glucose synthesis. Mitosis is the first of these studied in this lab ap bio lab 7 cell division mitosis and meiosis answers it is easily observed in cells lab 3 sample ap mitosis & meiosis ap bio lab 7 cell division mitosis and meiosis answers cell for its second division meiosis ii. Cell division lab austin cao, ap biology part a: getting started mitosis is the process by which a cell's nucleus replicates itself this is an integral part of the cell cycle that allows cells to quickly reproduce themselves.
View lab report - ap_lab_7_part_2_meiosis_and_crossingover from gt bio 3115y at coppell h s ap biology lab 7: cell division part 2 meiosis and crossing over procedure: meiosis 1 on the pictures of. Information on mrs chou's classes mrs chou's classes search this site welcome ap biology ap biology ap bio lab 7 cell division: mitosis & meiosis selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. Investigation 7 - cell division, mitosis and meiosis ap biology lab 5: cellular respiration ap & regents biology.
Lab manual overview ap biology investigative labs: corrections, clarifications, sample data tables for investigation 7, and an updated version of the ap biology equations and formulas appendix lab 7: cell division: mitosis and meiosis pdf. Here's an example of what might be on the ap biology exam lab 7 - genetics of organisms principles of cell division: - cell division occurs for growth, repair, and to perpetuate life. Apb lab 7: cell division (sordaria and crossing over) ap biology lab notebook rubric plus organization of lab 5 order of components 5 neatness and legibility 8.
Ap bio lab 7 cell division
Free practice questions for ap biology - understanding the cell cycle includes full solutions and score reporting ap biology help cellular biology cell functions cellular division understanding the cell cycle example question #1. Ap biology investigation #7 cell division: mitosis and meiosis wwwnjctlorg summer 2014 slide 2 / 35 investigation #1: artificial selection pre-lab guided investigation - parts 1 & 2 independent inquiry c l i c k o n t h e t o p i c t o g o t o t h a t s e c t i o n.
- And maintenance or repair of body parts are accomplished through mitotic cell division meiosis _____ ap biology - lab 10 page 7 of 10 procedure: in the example below, two strains of sordaria (wild type and a mutant variety lab 10 - meiosis and tetrad analysis.
- Ap biology mitosis lab 1 answer key big idea investigation 7 t123 3 investigation 7 cell division: mitosis and meiosis how do eukaryotic cells divide to produce genetically identical cells or to produce gametes with half the normal dna.
- Name: _____ ap biology - lab 09 page 1 of 9 lab 09 - cell division introduction: one of the characteristics of living things is the ability to replicate and pass on genetic information to the next generation cell division in.
Ap biology essay questions the questions are organized according to units the lab-based questions have been removed unit 1 (basic chemistry and water) 7 discuss the process of cell division in animals include a description of mitosis. Ap biology investigation #7 cell division: mitosis and meiosis wwwnjctlorg summer 2014 slide 3 / 35 investigation #1: artificial selection pre-lab guided investigation - parts 1 & 2 independent inquiry slide 7 / 35 pre-lab return to table of contents. Tue, 06 mar 2018 01:11:00 gmt lab 7: cell division: mitosis and meiosis - college board - ap biology lab 3 mitosis and meiosis overview in this lab you will investigate the process of advanced placement biology laboratory 3 mon. Ap biology labs the ap college board lists 13 labs for its recommended teachers are not limited to only using their versions of the lab ap biology teachers submit a curriculum for review and approval and must include laboratory exercises that align investigation 7: cell division. Ap biology lab (not ap): population genetics ap biology lab 7: mitosis & meiosis essay 1987 discuss the process of cell division in animals include a description of mitosis and cytokinesis, and of the other phases of the cell cycle do not. | <urn:uuid:e2504e93-657d-492b-9b49-1a97757e7370> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://hxassignmentufsk.larryclark.us/ap-bio-lab-7-cell-division.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863980.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621001211-20180621021211-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.863764 | 1,149 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Supervisor: Stéphanie Pellerin
Wetlands (peatlands, swamps, marshes) cover about 12.5% of the province of Québec. In southern Québec, peatlands have been disturbed since the onset of the european settlement, particularly during the last 100 years. One consequence of these disturbances is the establishment of some species usually not found in peatlands, such as gray birch (Betula populifolia). This is a pioneer species favored by disturbances. The aim of this project is to document the establishment of gray birch in the ombrotrophic peatlands of the Montérégie region, and to examine the factors that contributed to this establishment. The hypothesis is that the expansion of gray birch in peatlands is linked to human activities that took place around peatlands (agriculture, urbanization) which have resulted from drainage. This study will focus on 10 peatlands. For each site, different types of analysis will be conducted: i) plant-macrofossil analysis of surficial peat monolith to show how deep in the organic deposits gray birch macroremains are present; ii) dendrochronological analysis will provide the age of the current living individuals; iii) analysis of aerial photographs will be used to examine temporal changes in land use and to see if the area covered by the peatland has changed through time; iv) analysis of meteorological data will allow determine if the climate favored the establishment of gray birch. | <urn:uuid:ad789dd3-8c80-466d-acce-c35d8bbcc582> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://qcbs.ca/members/students/?stu_profile=2031 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864795.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622201448-20180622221448-00368.warc.gz | en | 0.923932 | 315 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Kenya is a Country in the East African Region and lies astride the Equator covering an Area of approximately 583,000sq km. The Country is bordered by Somalia and the Indian Ocean in the East, Tanzania in the south, Uganda and Lake Victoria in the West, Sudan and Ethiopia in the North. It is bisected by the Rift Valley from North to South, much of Kenya is plateau with highland areas. Mount Kenya, an extinct volcano is the second highest mountain in the continent. The main rivers are Galana and Tana and lakes include Lake Turkana and Lake Victoria. The major Tourist attraction here is the Wildebeest Migration.
Facts about Kenya
Country: Republic of Kenya
Capital City: Nairobi is the capital city while Mombasa is the main port.
Area: 538,000sq km
Population: The population was estimated at 39,002,780 in 2009.
Languages: English and Kiswahili are official languages. Other African languages include Luo, Maa and Kikuyu.
Currency: Kenya Shillings
Religion: A large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely. Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, Muslim 10%, Indigenous beliefs 10%, others 2%.
Climate: Tropical along the coast and low lying Districts and Temperate in the Highlands and on the plateau. The best time of the year to visit Kenya is the boreal summer, from July to September. A second choice is the boreal winter from January to February. There are two rainy seasons, the “long rains” from March to June and the “short rains” from October to December. Seasonal rains condition both road communications and some cyclic wildlife movements. Wildlife is more abundant in Masai Mara during the boreal summer.
Tourist attractions: Kenya’s main tourist attractions include;
- Masai Mara National park the most popular wildlife park in Kenya, from July – October you can witness the incredible migration of millions of wildebeest and zebra. The Masai tribesmen also offer cultural tours which really add to the experience.
- Mount Kenya has Africa’s second highest peak and like Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, you don’t need special training to reach Point Lenana one of its highest peaks. The area is home to rare species of animals as well as spectacular lakes, mineral springs and forests.
- Lamu one of Kenya’s oldest towns settled by the Swahili about 700 years ago and recently discovered by backpackers, Lamu is a great place to unwind and wash off the dirt and grime accumulated from some hard traveling. No matatus or mini-buses here, just donkeys and the sound of the ocean waves.
Access: Many international airlines fly into both Nairobi and Mombasa direct from Europe and the Middle East. Long-distance buses ply routes between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.
Visas: A Kenyan Visa can be obtained at the Airport. | <urn:uuid:9dac3167-30aa-4d70-b2b2-94b6874cc3e5> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | http://www.walmarkafricasafaris.com/travel-info/about-kenya.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655887046.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705055259-20200705085259-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.942207 | 641 | 3.171875 | 3 |
WASHINGTON – June 11, 2015 – (RealEstateRama) — The younger and longer a child experiences homelessness, the greater the cumulative toll of negative health outcomes, which can have lifelong effects on the child, the family and the community. This is the key finding from a research brief out today from Children’s HealthWatch and the Center for Housing Policy at the National Housing Conference, “Compounding Stress: The Timing and Duration Effects of Homelessness on Children’s Health.”
“Compounding Stress” summarizes findings from data collected from more than 20,000 caregivers of low-income children with public or no health insurance in five U.S. cities from 2009 to 2014. The research shows that while prenatal and postnatal child homelessness were each separately associated with poor health outcomes for children, the combination of prenatal and postnatal homelessness resulted in a “dose-response” effect that worsened the health risks linked to both prenatal and postnatal homelessness.
“While it is not surprising that homelessness is bad for children at any point in their development, the combined impact both before and after birth is striking,” said study author Megan Sandel, MD, MPH, of Children’s HealthWatch. “The impacts of homelessness compound for these children and leave them much worse off both physically and developmentally than if they had experienced just one period of homelessness.”
This new research suggests that interventions focused on preventing child and family homelessness can be especially effective before birth. According to Chris Estes, President and CEO of the National Housing Conference, “Rapid re-housing and wraparound case management are two tools that work to prevent and end family homelessness. These kinds of federal, state and local programs are a proven way of helping kids at a much lower cost to society than homelessness itself. The challenge in most communities is an inadequate supply of quality housing that is affordable for these families.”
View the report online (PDF).
Sandel will present findings from the report Friday, June 12, at the National Housing Conference Annual Policy Symposium.
NHC 2015 Annual Policy Symposium
How Housing Can Help Individuals and Families Succeed
June 12, 2015
9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.
(Registration and breakfast: 8:30 a.m. – 9:00 a.m.)
Washington Marriott Metro Center
Research presentation, 9:45 a.m. – 10:05 a.m.: Megan Sandel, MD, MPH, principal investigator, Children’s HealthWatch and pediatrician, Boston Medical Center
Watch via webcast: http://www.tvworldwide.com/events/nhc/150612/ (registration required; link leads to live video during event and recorded video once available)
About Children’s HealthWatch
Children’s HealthWatch is a nonpartisan network of pediatricians, public health researchers, and children’s health and policy experts. Our network is committed to improving children’s health in America. We do that by first collecting real-time data in urban hospitals across the country on infants and toddlers from families facing economic hardship. Our findings help policymakers and the public better understand the social and economic factors that impact children’s health so they can make well-informed policy decisions that can give all children equal opportunities for healthy, successful lives. Learn more at www.childrenshealthwatch.org.
About the National Housing Conference
The National Housing Conference represents a diverse membership of housing stakeholders including tenant advocates, mortgage bankers, nonprofit and for-profit home builders, property managers, policy practitioners, Realtors®, equity investors, and more, all of whom share a commitment to safe, decent and affordable housing for all in America. We are the nation’s oldest housing advocacy organization, dedicated to the affordable housing mission since our founding in 1931. We are a nonpartisan, 501(c)3 nonprofit that brings together our broad-based membership to advocate on housing issues. Learn more at www.nhc.org.
202.466.2121 (ext. 240)
Jenny Eriksen Leary | <urn:uuid:ac933faa-7d60-448a-8129-d8966bba28c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.realestaterama.com/new-report-shows-no-safe-level-of-child-homelessness-ID027364.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662541747.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521205757-20220521235757-00371.warc.gz | en | 0.934701 | 885 | 2.59375 | 3 |
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