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(Australia circa 1916 – 1981)
- Yirrkala, Arnhem region, Djarrakpi, Arnhem region
- Language group
- Manggalili, Arnhem region
Djert (The sea eagle)
- Other titles:
- Djirrt (The sea eagle), Djirird and Damala
- Not on display
- Further information
Narritjin Maymuru's life encompassed some of the major events of Australian and Northern Territory history. He was a great intellectual and ceremonial leader. Within his community he was often called on to assume the role of mediator, bringing disputants together. Above all he was an artist with a passion for making things. He would work late into the night while his family slept, bent double over a sheet of bark, painting by the light of an unshaded bulb.
Narritjin's earliest surviving paintings and carvings were completed for the anthropologists Ronald and Catherine Berndt in 1946, and in 1948 and 1952 he produced a number of works for Charles Mountford (who led the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem land in 1948). During the 1950s Narritjin painted very little, and mainly produced polished hardwood carvings. However, by the early 1960s he had become one of the most prolific and renowned Yolngu artists. In 1962, Narritjin suggested that two great painted panels should be placed on either side of the Yirrkala church altar, and was one of the artists who painted these extraordinary works.
In 1963, Narritjin Maymuru and a group of Yolngu dancers performed in Sydney and Melbourne, in a tour organised by the Elizabethan Theatre Trust, and a solo exhibition of Narritjin's paintings was also held in Sydney. Narritjin developed a close relationship with the Melbourne art dealer Jim Davidson, and his art became well represented in museums and galleries in Australia and overseas, in particular in the United States. In 1978, with his son Banapana, Narritjin was jointly awarded a Creative Arts Fellowship from the Australian National University, Canberra.
Narritjin Maymuru was an innovative artist, although he always worked within the canons of Yolngu art. His paintings are known for their complex symbolism. Many of them represent ancestral stories in narrative form, and symbolic connections are often conveyed by subtle visual puns. Similar elements occur across the paintings, with different but related meanings. Narritjin's art is characterised by its diversity, intricacy and great attention to detail, as seen in 'Djert (The sea eagle)', c.1958. Yet within his corpus there are also works of profound simplicity, in which he condenses imagery into key motifs. Narritjin Maymuru saw art as a means of communicating ideas and knowledge to an audience outside his community as a means of widening understanding of Yolngu culture, and to younger generations of Yolngu as a way of ensuring the continuity of their ancestral law.
Howard Morphy in in 'Tradition today: Indigenous art in Australia', Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 2004
© Art Gallery of New South Wales
- Place of origin
North-east Arnhem Land,
- circa 1958
- Bark painting
- natural pigments on bark
- 90.0 x 47.0 cm (irreg.)
- Signature & date
Not signed. Not dated.
- Purchased 1999
- Accession number
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Here. have a first draft.
A Knitter's English
There are several different languages in the knitting world, and each one serves a different purpose. There is “knitspeak,” the abbreviated language found in every pattern book. Secondly, there are the charts: a symbolic representation of lace and colorwork that was invented to save space. Lastly, there is “knitease,” which is the jargon used to weed out the wannabes from the true knitters.
Knitspeak is defined by knitting author Andrea Price as “a combination of words, abbreviations, numbers and punctuation that is terse, truncated and unintelligible to non-knitters.” It is in this language you will find the incredibly useful sentence “K1.P1.Tw2R.(P1.K1tbl) 8 times. P1.” Though this may look at first like gibberish, is simply a way to shorten words often used: K for knit, P for purl, K2tog for knit two together. Likewise, Tw2R is shorthand for “knit into front of 2nd stitch on left hand needle then knit into front of first stitch, slipping both stitches off needle together.” It is probably obvious right off the bat why knitting magazines use Tw2R instead. The authors were quick to realize that the less words to print, the less expensive it is to do so.
Because of printing costs and space constraints, and because writing lengthy descriptions over and over again is monotonous, words were created for popular base stitches. For example, to imply that every odd row will be all-purl and every even row will be all-knit “continue in reverse stockinette stitch,” will do nicely. Actually, to put it even simpler most patterns would say “cont. in rev. st st.” and use even less space with no loss in comprehension. This language is not pretentious, nay it is necessary. It is logical to shorten things as long as everyone is on board with what the abbreviations are. That, however, is where the problems begin.
There are deviations in jargon between Continental and English knitters with certain abbreviations. PSSO (pass slipped stitch over) and SKP(slip, knit, pass slipped stitch over), mean the exact same thing depending on which the country the author lives in. If a knitter finds a pattern that uses SKP when they are familiar only with PSSO that knitter might have a minor freak-out about learning a new stitch before realizing that it's just a different term. I speak from experience. Another example of words that differ between countries: Gauge and Tension. These both represent the number of stitches a knitter gets per inch, and can be used interchangeably. The longer a person has been knitting, however, the more likely they are to understand patterns even if they are from a different country.
Different countries aside, there are still issues within the knitspeak system. Namely, there is no standardized abbreviation list. For instance, usually YO means a “yarn over,” but a knitwear designer can write YF for “yarn forward” with no serious ramifications. Sure, the people trying to knit her designs might have extreme frustrations but there are no knitting police. The fact is that new abbreviations are turning up all the time. It is generally understood, therefore, that if a designer is using an unusual term (such as the aforementioned Tw2R) they have to include a key explaining it. In fact, to avoid any miscommunication, it is advisable to explicitly state what the common “K2, P2” means for the absolute beginner knitter. After all, the knitspeak system was designed for simplicity, not for confusion.
The most advanced level of absorption into the knitting community is the language of the chart. This is also the least standardized language. Each designer, each yarn company, each knitting magazine has its own version of symbols for the chart. The only thing that is common between all is the way the charts are read: a knitter must read a chart from right to left. Also, unlike reading the page of a book, the knitter must start from the bottom of the chart and work his way up. Many a new knitter ends up with an upside down picture because this knowledge is unwritten. Ask me how I know.
Since the symbols used in charts are not exchangeable, one might wonder why knitters use them at all. Again, chart-writing was derived from the lazy and penny-pinching knitting magazines. Writing each line out row-by-row is time-consuming and cramming all the same information into a chart is much easier on the pocket. In the case of charts, there is always a key explaining what each symbol means. While it's true that a “-” usually means knit and a purl is generally “|” and “o” often represents a yarn over, there is no room for misunderstanding because the key is always in plain sight. This is one reason a knitter might prefer charts to looking at a jumble of country-specific abbreviations. In fact, if the pattern for a design is written in Japanese but includes a chart there is still a chance an English-speaking knitter can reproduce it. The chart transcends words, and that is the main reason for its existence.
Now “knitease,” on the other hand, has no instructive value. Indeed, if there is any aspect of knitting that is intended to make knitters feel like insiders, knitease is it. Knitters only slip into knitease when talking to other well-experienced knitters. Some examples of these are LYS(local yarn shop), SEX(stash enrichment experience), KIP(knitting in public), UFO's (unfinished objects), WIP's(works-in-progress), TOAD's(trashed objects abandoned in disgust), SABLE(stash acquirement beyond life expectancy) and the ever-dreaded SSS(second-sock-syndrome) in which after finishing one sock the knitter cannot stand the thought of beginning the second one. Other common words are “frogging” and “tinking.” If someone is “tinking” her work, she is un-knitting or knitting backwards to fix a mistake. Frogging, on the other hand, is the act of undoing a large amount of knitting by pulling on the working yarn. A non-knitter might hear of someone frogging her sleeve for the third time and think she is putting amphibians on it when, in fact, she is ripping it out. (Get it? Rip-it, rip-it? Frogs? No? That's why we leave you out of it.) Knitease is the language found in blogs, SnB's (SnB means stitch n bitch/knit nights) and yarn shops. If a knitter is fluent in knitspeak they have entered the world where knitting is no longer a hobby, but a lifestyle.
Each of these languages serves a different purpose, and each is contest to the fact that the knitting community is its own world. This jargon reveals a group of people that wants to help each other: why else would they try so hard to make patterns clear and free of error? It also reveals a group of people who are opinionated: patterns often include both charts and written instructions because chart-knitters will not entertain written instructions and those who prefer written instructions turn their noses up to charts. Also revealed are the political differences among a community, charts being one example of many. Finally, all the abbreviations and jargon reveal a cliquish sense of belonging and a community that is, forgive the pun, tightly knit. | <urn:uuid:bbd56c88-6b3d-4f4a-88e7-dcb6614d3575> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://dontdroolonthewool.blogspot.com/2011/03/can-you-believe.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510319.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927171156-20230927201156-00143.warc.gz | en | 0.960081 | 1,651 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Ever since 2005, there have been over 9000 public data breaches. This is over 10 billion exposed records. According to an IBM Study: More Than Half of Organizations with Cybersecurity Incident Response Plans Fail to Test Them While you can’t control what third parties do with your business information, there are certainly ways to safeguard your data in case of a breach, like hiring an IT support security expert, implementing MFA for your business and being extra vigilant. For example, you can use different passwords on various platforms to prevent cybercriminals from guessing your password across them. You can also use Multi Factor Authentication (MFA) to further upgrade your cybersecurity.
Read on to find out the answer to this question and why it’s vital for businesses now and in the future.
What Is MFA?
What does “MFA” stand for in computers? “MFA” is the acronym for “multi-factor authentication.” Authentication factors are things someone can use to demonstrate they’re the genuine user and not someone trying to maliciously use their information.
There are 5 types of MFA
When you log into your email, you’re using the knowledge authentication factor. This is because you need to enter your username and password (or PIN). This means you’re only using one factor to access your account.
In your Possession
This verification factor is dependent on something that you might have on your person. This can be something like a safety token.
Heritage authentication factors are usually based on biometrics. This means you’ll have to provide something like your voice, fingerprints, or even retinal scan.
Your Exact Location
This one’s a little more complicated, as the system looks up your IP address. Your geolocation can be extrapolated from that and matched with a whitelist. If it doesn’t match, then you aren’t granted access.
Sometimes, you may be asked to enter your credentials in a set amount of time. For example, when you’re sent a PIN code, you only have 10 minutes to use it or else it expires.
MFA means that you use more than one method on the above list to gain access to accounts. So for instance, to log into a portal, you might need the knowledge, heritage, and time authentication factors to be successful.
MFA vs 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication)
You may have heard of the term 2FA (or two-factor authentication) before. While these two terms are very similar, there are subtle differences to them.
2FA is a type of MFA which you’re probably familiar with. A great example is when you type in your email password and then it prompts you to enter a code that’s sent to your phone.
As you can see, this only requires two factors to give you access to your account. MFA requires at least two, so it can also be 2FA at times.
Why Is MFA Important and Why use MFA?
Now you know what MFA is. But exactly why is it important?
It’s incredibly successful in blocking hacking attempts. In fact, it blocks out 99.9% of account hacks. Considering hackers often use brute force attacks to gain access to accounts, this is extremely important.
Also, much of today’s work is done on the cloud, which means stakeholders don’t necessarily have to be in the same physical space as one another. MFA ensures that those who claim to be someone really are that person. This helps block out bad actors.
So as you can see, multi-factor authentication benefits not just you and your employees, but also your clients. Not only do they inspire more confidence from consumers and employees alike, but MFA also enables you to get a leg up on your competition.
Multi-Factor Authentication Solutions
What’s great is that MFA is catching on in the tech industry. This means that many software suites have MFA in them to ensure security for their users.
For instance, you’ll find multi-factor authentication in Microsoft software. More specifically, you can set up multi-factor authentication in Office 365 through Azure MFA (Azure Active Directory, or AD).
Here are some pieces of software you should consider when it comes to multi-factor authentication solutions:
- Google Authenticator
- ESET Secure Authentication
- Authy 2FA
- AuthPoint MFA
- Duo MFA (Duo Security)
- Symantec VIP Access Monitor
- RSA SecurID Access
- Ping Identity
- SecureAuth Identity Platform
- Microsoft Authenticator
- Azur MFA
With this list, you’ll reap the benefits of multi-factor authentication for Office 365 and beyond, especially if you combine it with the Azure MFA. What’s also fantastic about this list of MFA solutions is many offer free trials, so you’ll be able to test them out and see if they’re right for your company or not.
Hire an IT Support Specialist to Help With Security
If you are not sure how to implement MFA for your workspace, not to worry. You can always hire a London IT support specialist to help your company step up their cybersecurity.
Not only can we help you set up MFA, but also firewalls and secure WiFi. Everything you need to keep cybercriminals out and ensure you’re business is compliant with ever-changing data laws.
Protect Your Business Data by Using MFA
We also hope that you now understand the importance of MFA security and will upgrade both your personal and business accounts promptly.
By taking a few extra steps to safeguard your data, it’ll pay off in the long run when cybercriminals are blocked from accessing your credentials and other important information. So make sure you turn on MFA for all things possible to maximise your digital security. | <urn:uuid:c5a6c088-aec5-4686-a3f0-a06c6a6e546f> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.speedster-it.com/what-is-mfa-multi-factor-authentication-and-why-is-it-so-important-for-businesses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323584886.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016135542-20211016165542-00375.warc.gz | en | 0.936206 | 1,242 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The Left Foot
You have steadily been working on the right foot, with the exception of the warm-up routine and the examination of the spleen reflex. Now it is time to deal with the left foot as you approach the left side of the body. Energetically, the left side of the body represents the sunny side of the slope.
The concept of yin and yang can be equated with the concept of homeostasis. One deals with energetic balance and the other deals with physical balance. The combination of the two will create the perfect setting for spiritual balance. A smooth flow of chi along the energy channels in the body creates good health. To achieve this flow, we must operate in harmony.
Much of the flow of movement in the body is from right to left. The digestive system moves the waste out from right to left, and the left foot holds the outward flow reflexes of this system. The lungs oxygenate the blood as it flows from the right side into the left.
The left side of the brain deals in logical and rational thinking, such as when you play chess or express your thoughts. This side is the predominant side for scientific excellence as well as mathematical genius. The study of languages may come from this side of the brain.
Placement of Organs
The left side of the body holds the larger portion of the heart. This side also has a greater piece of the stomach. The pancreas in some people has a bit more on the left side. One half of the transverse colon is on the left side of the body. The descending colon and the sigmoid colon are found on the left side as well. The rectum is in the center of the body; however, the reflex is generally located on the left foot, in line with the sigmoid colon.
The Gastrointestinal Tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) has been discussed briefly during the discussion of the digestive system. This section of the reflexology session deals with the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract. Working this area will continue to support the work of this piece of the digestive system. The GI tract is that passageway from the mouth to the anus. Daily volumes of fluid and solids are ingested, secreted, absorbed, and excreted through the GI tract.
Eating well assists in keeping this tract functioning well. Eating fiber, either as bulk or roughage, will keep the passageway clear. The fiber is indigestible and comes from plant substances found in vegetables, fruits, grains, and legumes. Insoluble fibers come through the tract relatively unchanged, pushing other material through the tract rather quickly.
Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water. It comes from the skins of fruits and vegetables as well as the bran coverings on grains. Soluble fibers obviously dissolve in water, forming a gel-like substance. The soluble fibers are connected with grains, broccoli, citrus fruits, and prunes. The gel of this fiber slows down the material moving through the tract.
Structures in the Left Foot
The left foot mirrors the right foot, with the same structures in the same places. You have five toes on the left foot. Each of the four small toes has a front, middle, and end bone, in the phalange aspect. The great toe has two phalanges, the front and the end bone. You have five metatarsal bones, each with a bony head at the beginning and a large base at the end. The first metatarsal head has two sesamoid bones embedded in the tendons.
The left foot also has three cuneiform bones behind the first three metatarsals and a cuboid bone behind the last two. There is a navicular and a talus as well as a calcaneus. All the bones are the same, as are the entire accessory structures connected with the feet. | <urn:uuid:275cc84c-ac7b-425f-801d-4d8fba383924> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.netplaces.com/reflexology/moving-to-the-left-foot/the-left-foot.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223202548.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032002-00503-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938468 | 803 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The United States has Silicon Valley, the UK has Silicon Roundabout and Silicon Fen, but what about Scotland – technically part of the United Kingdom? Famous for some of the best universities around, so it should be no surprise that Quantum technologies feature heavily in the portfolio. Welcome to Quantum Glen. It’s not all Whiskey and Tartan…
When people think of quantum computing, their minds often go to the US, China, or Continental Europe. There is nothing wrong with this, seeing as companies like IBM have offices and facilities in all three regions. However, there is a hidden power in the world of quantum technology, which is the country of Scotland.
According to Australia’s National Science Research Agency, the quantum sector will be worth $86 billion by 2040. While quantum computers will likely not replace classical computers for decades, it is still projected to be worth £40 billion a year, compared to the £79 billion of the classical computer industry. It is even possible that quantum and classical computers will have to coexist.
Some experts are more optimistic, claiming that by 2025 the quantum computing sector will be worth $770 million. Between 2017 and 2018, $450 million was invested in the quantum computing industry. Whether or not the quantum industry is a bubble is currently uncertain, as a lot of it is still up in the air.
It would not be strange to see why Scotland as a place for quantum innovation. The Scots themselves are hardy and inventive people and birthed some of the greatest inventors. Alexander Graham Bell who invented the telephone was Scottish. So were James Watt the inventor of the Watt steam engine and James Clerk Maxwell, the father of electromagnetism, among many other luminaries of science and technology.
Scottish Quantum Landscape
In Scotland, many scientists their industry partners are hard at work, trying to come up with new developments.
One might wonder why Scotland of all places? This is because not only does Scotland have at least four universities that have dedicated resources to quantum technology research, but the British government is also actively supporting efforts for quantum development. We will have other articles discussing the companies and universities in the quantum industry in great detail. For now, there will be brief descriptions.
The British government is not only enthusiastic about the Scottish quantum sector, but it has even supported the scientists and companies through its £1 billion UK National Quantum Technologies Programme. This programme aims to propel the UK to become a leading quantum authority in 10 years.
The University of Glasgow is the leader of QuantIC, which is one of four quantum technology hubs the UK quantum programme is funding. Some of the areas QunatIC is involved in are quantum sensing, imaging, secure communications, and computing. According to Hatton, QuantIC combines the expertise of the ‘universities of Glasgow, Bristol, Edinburgh, Heriot-Watt, Southampton, Imperial College, Exeter and Strathclyde with more than 30 industry partners’. The main focus of this group is on quantum enhanced imaging in the form of ultra-sensitive cameras that can see through smoke, visualise gas leaks, or even look around corners and underneath human skin.
The national UK supercomputer is also hosted in the University of Glasgow, and it is worth £79 million.
Other than the University of Glasgow, the other universities are also very involved with the quantum technology sector. Many of them are involved in a £10 million project to build the first commercially-viable quantum computer, including the University of Glasgow and the University of Strathclyde. This is one sign among many of a healthy quantum ecosystem, one that can rely on resources to do great things.
With the existence of the International Graduate School for Quantum Technologies, we can also see that not only is Scotland strong in quantum development, but also quantum education. Backed by the University of Strathclyde, University of Glasgow, and Herriot Watt University, this Graduate School aims to provide education for those interested in quantum physics. As these three universities are established experts in the field, there is no doubt that students will learn much about quantum physics and potentially get a job related to quantum technology.
The universities working together are giving Scotland a unique quantum edge, one that is predicted to be worth $65 billion by 2030.
Of note is also Scotland’s nanotechnology and photonics sectors, which are known all around the world as leading regions and crucial for technological development.
Scottish Quantum Companies and Quantum Collaboration
Many companies such as Fraunhofer and M Squared also have facilities in Scotland. For example, Fraunhofer has a Centre for Applied Photonics, which is located at the University of Strathclyde. The researchers at Fraunhofer are partnering up with the University of Strathclyde to work on quantum photonics.
It is not uncommon for Scottish quantum experts to work with international experts either. The International Max Planck Partnership, or IMPP, consists of five Scottish universities and five German Max Planck Institutes working together. By collaborating with world-renown quantum authorities, Scotland can enhance its own quantum sector through mutual learning.
We discussed Scotland’s place in the quantum technology sector worldwide. Now we will shift the focus to the many universities located in Scotland. They are the country’s future and hope when it comes to quantum computing due to factors such as government support and research efforts.
Scottish Universities working on Quantum Tech
University of Glasgow
We mentioned that the University of Glasgow was highly involved in the Scottish quantum sector in Part 1, particularly on how it leads QuantIC and is focused on quantum enhanced imaging. While this is a very impressive position for the University of Glasgow, it is not the only organisation it is a member of. In fact, the university is even a member of the Quantum Communications Hub.
While QuantIC is focusing on quantum enhanced imaging, Quantum Communications Hub will be working on ultra-secure encrypted quantum communications that use quantum key distribution to keep messages and all data secure from any unwanted eyes. This method is currently unhackable.
Professor Beaumont, who is also Director of QuantIC, is also knowledgeable on the University of Glasgow’s quantum efforts. He was awarded an OBE (the second highest honour Order of the British Empire) in 2002 for his research in nanotechnology and nanoelectrics. He believes that both technologies are intimately linked to quantum technology, as the latter contains a lot of the former within its inner workings.
Other than being involved in Scottish quantum technology sectors and programmes, the University of Glasgow has also been working with Université de Sherbrooke in Canada in the UK Canada Quantum Technology Programme.
In August 2020, the University of Glasgow announced the SPIE Early Career Researcher Accelerator Fund in Quantum Photonics in collaboration with SPIE. A total of $500,000 from SPIE in the form of funds was matched by the university, totaling $1 million for the support of students working in the field of quantum photonics.
University of Strathclyde
Another university heavily involved in Scottish quantum is the University of Strathclyde, located in Glasgow as well. Its expertise is in photonics, and it has the honour of being a partner in all four hubs of the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme. As a result, it has a hand in multiple projects at once in all four hubs. Sensing, imaging, secure communications, and computing, the university does it all. The Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund by the British government also funds the University of Strathclyde.
The Challange Fund’s projects include a UK-wide £5.4 million project to speed up the manufacturing pace of electric vehicle batteries and a £4.6 million quantum computing project. These would benefit security in banks, advance traffic management systems, and even develop novel materials the aerospace industry can use.
The partnership of the University of Strathclyde and the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund also includes making better drugs for healthcare and speeding up optimisation problems in energy distribution across the National Grid, making it more efficient to do so.
One of the consortia the University of Strathclyde is Responsive Operations for Key Services (ROKS), which managed to win £345,000 from the UK Space Agency. This consortium aims to develop a new quantum secure communications solution. In November 2020, the university joined DISCOVERY, a £10 million, 3-year programme to make commercial quantum computing a reality.
The Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics is hosted in the University of Strathclyde as well. This has allowed the university to work with Fraunhofer, which is the leader of QT Assemble, a £10 million project funded by Innovate UK. The project will speed up quantum usage in many different fields and make practical quantum solutions a reality.
Truly, being in all four Quantum Technology hubs in Scotland has allowed the University of Strathclyde to work on many different projects.
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh is another powerhouse university heavily involved in the Scottish quantum community. For starters, it is a member of the Quantum Computing & Simulation Hub (QCS Hub), which is led by the University of Oxford. It has also assisted Rigetti UK on the £10 million project to build the UK’s first quantum computer.
ARCHER, the UK’s national supercomputer, calls the University of Edinburgh home. This is another piece of evidence that shows how Scotland is a technological powerhouse. ARCHER has been conducting powerful simulations for years as well.
The School of Informatics is a world-famous computer science research centre and institute, and the UK’s largest quantum research groups are also a part of it. Other than quantum languages and quantum machine learning, the School is researching quantum internet networks.
In 2018, Dr. Myrto Arapinis and Professor Elham Kashefi were awarded $1.6 million by the American Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This was for the Air Force’s ‘Entrapping Machines’ project. It goes to show how the American Air Force recognises the quantum expertise of the University of Edinburgh’s School of Informatics.
In December 2020, the University of Sussex used quantum technology to explore ways to improve battery performance. The University of Edinburgh was also a partner in this project, which is awarded the University of Birmingham’s Partnership Resource Funding, UK Quantum Technology Hub Sensors and Timing. This is relatively recent as of publishing time, showing how Edinburgh is active in the quantum sector not just in Scotland.
Compared to the above three universities, Heriot-Watt University does not get to be in the limelight as often, but it should not be underestimated. This university boasts a competent quantum science and photonics institute. The Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences (IPAQS) constantly carries out research in both fields.
Other than being an excellent place for postgraduate research, the IPAQS has even spun out successful photonics companies like Edinburgh Instruments, Helia Photonics, and PowerPhotonic.
In 2019, a Heriot-Watt quantum science team performed an experiment that proved the ‘Wigner’s Friend’ thought experiment right. The test involved producing two different ‘realities’ and then comparing them. Both realities could not agree on an objective fact about the same experiment.
For more recent news, on December 21, 2020, it was reported that the university signed a 5-year strategic deal with Chromacity, a maker of ultra-fast lasers. Both parties will pool their resources together and commence research into commercial photonics applications, potentially including quantum optics.
While Heriot-Watt University might not be as big a powerhouse of quantum technology, it has still managed to punch hard in the research department. The university enjoys close ties with several quantum photonics companies as well. One would be wise to give it rightful respect instead of underestimating this university.
While there are other universities that make up the quantum technology sector in Scotland, these four are among the most well-known of them all. Each of them has accomplishments that drive the global quantum community to new heights. Scotland does indeed have strong universities that play major roles in the local quantum industry and even beyond.
Interestingly, while all four of these universities are separate entities and there is friendly competition between them, some of them share quantum groups in common. However, there is one group that all four universities are members of, that is the Quantum Information Scotland Network (QUISCO). This informal organisation was founded in 2008, with the goal of bringing together quantum experts from all disciplines and fields. All researchers are encouraged to join, even students.
Yet another organisation that some of these universities are involved in is the Scottish Centre for Innovation in Quantum Computing and Simulation (SCIQCS). The Universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Strathclyde are proud members. Members of the SCIQCS collaborate and pool together their knowledge to further the boundaries of quantum computing. From running workshops to meeting with industry figures, the members, all academia, will work with both international and local quantum experts.
Three of the Centre’s goals are developing full, scalable systems for neutral quantum computing, quantum simulations, and superconducting qubit architectures and quantum chips.
Other than its universities, Scotland is home to many strong quantum technology companies. M Squared holds the honour of being the most famous Scottish quantum company. There are also others which will be mentioned later on.
M Squared has repeatedly made headlines in the news this year in 2020. In November, the company announced that it would be leading the largest UK industry-led quantum computing project, DISCOVERY. The programme is worth £10 million and will last for 3 years. Innovate UK has even funded DISCOVERY.
Even before DISCOVERY, Scottish Enterprise has granted the company $3.5 million dollars as a R&D grant to pursue its quantum technology and photonics research project. Said project was valued at $8.5 million dollars, or £7 million pounds. This boost would even allow M Squared to compete at a global level with larger companies around the world.
CEO Dr. Graeme Malcolm OBE is himself a physicist with much experience. He first gained an undergraduate degree before graduating from the University of Strathclyde with a Ph.D. in solid-state lasers. Prior to forming M Square, Dr. Malcolm had worked in different photonics and optics companies such as Coherent, and Microlase Optical Systems Ltd., which he founded.
The company has a large number of awards and grants that would be too numerous to list here. Nevertheless, M Squared is the Scottish quantum company that has the most potential. Few companies in Scotland can compare to its various accolades and accomplishments.
Founded by Dr. Brendan Casey, CEO, Kelvin Nanotechnology (KNT) has close ties with the University of Glasgow. Dr. Casey graduated from the university with a Ph.D. in Bioelectrics, which is where his expertise comes from. In 2006, he managed to set up KNT through the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the university, where KNT would be a facility in the UK’s Micro and Nanotechnology (MNT) Facilities Network.
Since then, Dr. Casey has worked with 170 companies in 23 countries, supplying advanced quantum components and photonics to them. Some of these components are specialised DFB lasers and 3D ion traps. When the University of Glasgow collaborated with the Université de Sherbrooke in Canada, KNT provided its technological insight and knowledge needed to develop quantum sensing and quantum computing technologies.
KNT is also involved in the DISCOVERY project due to its ties with the University of Glasgow.
A spin-out of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Instruments manufactures cutting edge spectroscopic instruments that have been used in various spectroscopy markets such as photoluminescence, Raman, and more. Edinburgh Instruments has a global clientele and has also been involved in various scientific fields and research. It was founded by Professor S. D. Smith OBE FRS, FRSE, FinstP in 1971.
Some of its spectrometers have been used in quantum experiments, such as the FLS1000.
Professor Fedor Karpushko founded UniKLasers in 2013, after serving as Deputy Director at the Academy of Belarus and working with many pioneers of laser technology such as Nikolay Basov and Charles Townes. UniKLasers is an expert in photonics and optoelectronics, particlarly in its proprietary BRaMMS Technology. It also enjoys close relationships with Heriot-Watt University, the Centre for Applied Photonics, and Technology Scotland.
In June 2020, the company was awarded a £750,000 grant. This was to help UniKLasers speed up the commercialisation of quantum technology applications. Before this grant, the Scottish Investment Bank has provided the same amount to the company, increasing the total amount of funding since 2017 to £2.3 million pounds. CTO Professor Karpushko was delighted at this development.
This would make it the fifth time Innovate UK has funded a UniKLasers project.
Helia Photonics was formed by Dr. Caspar Clark and Professor Gerald Buller. He graduated with a BSc in Physics & Microelectronics in 1997 before working in optical companies such as Terahertz Photonics Ltd. and Thales Optronics. Heli Photonics was born after the former ran out of funding. For the last 18 years, Helia Photonics has delievered various technologies related to photonics, such as micro-optics and specialised facet coatings for diode lasers.
Prior to founding Helia Photonics, Dr. Clark has worked on quantum projects with Professor Buller at Heriot-Watt University. Eventually, after forming Helia, they managed to secure £1.5 million to support them in the early stages of growth. Currently, the company has more than 350 customers worldwide and an 8,000 square foot facility.
One of Helia Photonics’ active projects is GaNAmP, which will eventually allow quantum technologies such as optical clocks and gravimeters to be commercialised. The solution is a 461nm high-power, single mode, integrated GaN LD and GaN optical amplifier solution. This is suitable for atomic clocks. The project has received funding from Innovate UK.
Helia is also a founding member of Technology Scotland, which supports many quantum technology development efforts.
The quantum sector in Scotland is a remarkable and unique ecosystem compared to other communities. Other than having a diverse habitat of many different companies that provide quantum services, the many universities that also do this offer quantum technology courses to students as well. This makes Scotland a viable place both for the development and education of quantum technology. Very few countries can boast of receiving national funding at scales the many Scottish quantum companies do. Scotland is also the home of many organisations that allow companies and universities to work together, providing both collaborative opportunities and room for friendly competition to motivate each other. | <urn:uuid:a2daa778-93f6-4674-b41d-ae14827ff2f3> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://quantumzeitgeist.com/scotlands-quantum-glen-is-powering-quantum-innovation-we-take-a-a-detailed-look/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358953.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130050047-20211130080047-00313.warc.gz | en | 0.955027 | 4,004 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This article focuses on five interrelated skills that promote critical thinking for social workers: 1. ... These skills should be taught by introducing students to critical thinking skills, teaching students how to evaluate the theories that guide social work ... Although professional values provide the foundation for decision making in practice, they do not always guide practitioners to a specific decision ( Zastrow, anbsp;...
|Title||:||Journal of Social Work Education| | <urn:uuid:0431b322-c821-47d1-afcc-2e5816ca808c> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.andremuna.eu/download-pdf-journal-of-social-work-education-book.pdf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541317.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00028-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.859425 | 87 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The following are detail the progress that the linguistic studies have seen, and their contributions to teaching language.
This science studies “speech acts” and claims that linguistic signs acquire meaning only when they are used in a particular situation of communication and with a specific purpose.
“…all speech acts need to have a purpose and if the speakers formulate their statements efficiently (because they know the language and because they take into account all the factors of the context in which they speak), chances are grater that they will be understood correctly by the listeners.”
This science supports and complements pragmatics. “It focuses on the fact that speech acts are determined by the real conditions of a given social situation in which the speech act is performed. The social relationship between two speakers defines the linguistic variety that needs to be used in each situation.” It is not the same if the speakers “belong to the same social group, or to different groups, if they speak the same language or come from different geographical regions, if they have different social roles – one is the parent and the other is the child, or one is old and the other is young, etc.”
The study is concerned with the way society uses language, as this usage is determined by different factors of contextual, geographical and social nature.
This proves that there is no such thing as a “unique language”, because every speaker, inside their community, can tell that not all people talk in the same way, and each person talks differently depending on the situation.
In order to summarize the information detailed above, we present a table extracted from a text by Fernando Carlos Avendaño.
|Depending on the situations in which language is used||* Codes:
Distinction made especially at lexical level
Differentiated through the selective realizations made at phonological and morphological level
|Technical, scientific, formal language
Informal and formal tones, levels and styles of language
|Geographical||Depending on the geographical distribution of the speakers
|* Regional languages
* Regional speech
|Pronunciation, rhythm, vocabulary, grammar
|Social||Depending on the social status of the speakers||* Informal language
|Fine, cryptic meaning|
The conclusion is that people do not only need to be able to speak (that is, to be familiar with an abstract system of phonetic symbols), but they have to be skilled speakers – they need to use the language in an appropriate way.
Finally, it is important to signal a few characteristics that skilled speakers must have: competence, appropriateness, efficacy and clarity of the message.
Linguistic and communicative ability means that the speaker must know the linguistic rules that allow him to produce sentences that are correct from a grammatical point of view, and he must also know how social rules work, in order to convey his message adequately in various situations of communication.
The term “appropriateness” is related to linguistic variety and the ability of the speaker to choose the adequate registry depending on the situation.
Efficacy is attained when the speaker achieves through his message what he had proposed to. Finally, what is produced between two speakers is called a message (whether it is a short dialogue, a letter or a story), also known by the classical term of “utterance”. | <urn:uuid:fcb5cdf7-fd3b-46de-bed8-7825fd2857ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://academiclanguage.org/2015/12/05/linguistic-contributions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825900.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20171023111450-20171023131450-00513.warc.gz | en | 0.941744 | 688 | 4 | 4 |
A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department. Earlier in the day she had a sudden onset of shortness of breath, followed by an episode of syncope. She denies cough, fever, palpitations, sweating, or leg swelling/pain, but did recently travel to Europe, and is a smoker.
Her heart rate is 106 beats/min, her blood pressure 98/64 mm Hg, and her respiratory rate 22 breaths/min with an O2 sat of 86% on room air. She has distended neck veins and a new right bundle branch block. With high concern for pulmonary embolism (PE), intravenous unfractionated heparin is started immediately. Shortly thereafter, the patient’s blood pressure begins to drop and she becomes increasingly obtunded. Rt-PA is considered, but ultimately it is not given because its adverse effects in pregnancy are not well understood. The patient continues to deteriorate, and unfortunately passes away despite resuscitative efforts.
The hypercoaguable state that is inherent during pregnancy increases the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), which is responsible for 11-20% of maternal deaths.1,2 PE is considered the most common cause of direct maternal mortality, but it’s true incidence during pregnancy is unclear; in many suspected cases, the path to a definitive diagnosis is clouded by fears about exposing the fetus to radiation and the dearth of treatment options. The presence or absence of specific clinical symptoms should not be relied upon to diagnose or exclude PE. About 40% of asymptomatic pregnant patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) might actually have PE.3 The incidence is spread throughout the nine months of pregnancy, but more than half of cases occur during the first five months. Systemic thrombolytic drugs are approved for use in response to ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, PE, and thrombosis of cardiac valve prosthesis, but no randomized controlled trials have examined their use in pregnant patients.
Massive PE is one of the most life-threatening emergencies that can arise during pregnancy. In its more extreme form, an acute episode can be accompanied by persistent hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg), requiring inotropic support. Other findings in severe PE may include pulselessness or persistent profound bradycardia.4 However, other causes of the patient being in extremis should be ruled out, including arrhythmia, hypovolemia, sepsis, or left ventricular dysfunction. Intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the conventional ideal treatment in PE. However, in massive PE with hemodynamic instability, where there is virtually complete obstruction of the pulmonary blood flow, UFH cannot reduce the blockage, and therefore cannot restore pulmonary circulation.
Thrombolytics are extremely valuable in such situations, and an infusion of UFH can then follow. The lung receives the entire cardiac output and all of the administered thrombolytic agent, no matter which vein is used to administer the drug. As a result, PE is exceptionally sensitive to thrombolysis, even at lower-than-standard doses, which adds to its safety profile.
During pregnancy, the hazards of thrombolysis lie in the risks of fetal and maternal bleeding, fetomaternal death, teratogenicity, and placental abruption. Several literature reviews have found no documentation of placental abruption associated with thrombolytic therapy. The maternal hemorrhage complication rate has been reported at approximately 6%, equivalent to the rate among non-pregnant patients receiving thrombolytic therapy.5-8
Thrombolytics have been used only rarely during pregnancy. Leonhardt and associates found only 28 reports of the use of rt-PA in pregnant women at the time of their literature review, published in 2006. Their collected data showed that thrombolytics had been used during all three trimesters for various indications: cerebrovascular accident (10); PE (7); cardiac valve thrombus (3); DVT (3); and MI (1). Two patients died (7%), as did 6 of the fetuses of the 26 surviving mothers (23%).
Five of the fetuses of the seven women who received thrombolytic therapy for severe PE were delivered as healthy newborns at term. The other two died of causes other than thrombolysis: one as a spontaneous abortion stemming from the mother’s hemodynamic instability, and the other as a result of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome at two weeks postpartum.7-14
A subsequent review of the use of thrombolytic therapy in pregnant patients with PE, published in 2009, identified 13 cases. No maternal deaths occurred, although major bleeding (30.8%; 95% CI 9.1–61.4) and fetal deaths (15.4%; 95% CI 1.9–45.5) were significant complications.15
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of thrombolysis in massive and submassive PE published prior to 2004 reported a risk of major bleeding of 9.1% and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) of 0.5% while a recent large RCT of tenecteplase in submassive PE (PEITHO) observed rates of major bleeding of 6.3% and ICH of 2% (compared with 1.5% and 0.2% respectively for heparin alone).16 Another recent review identified 189 pregnant patients receiving thrombolysis for venous thromboembolism. Major bleeding occurred in 2.6%, with no maternal mortality.17
The successful use of streptokinase during pregnancy has been reported,18,19 but so have complications. Turrentine, et al reported that complications like pregnancy loss (5.8%), preterm delivery (5.8%), and hemorrhage (8.1%), ensued recurrently with the use of streptokinase.20
Current guidelines recommend the use of rt-PA because it is fibrin-specific and non-antigenic, and has a short half-life. Thus, it is preferred over streptokinase and urokinase, which are used infrequently in most developed countries. Although the administration of systemic thrombolytics is considered a high-risk approach in pregnant women, several reports have described their lifesaving and efficacious use in the management of massive PE and hemodynamic instability.
Since massive PE is a life-threatening condition and management options are limited during pregnancy, thrombolysis is considered a valuable choice. It has a prompt effect, it is readily available in nearly every hospital, it has no reported teratogenic or fetomaternal toxicity, and it minimizes the risk of post-thrombolytic pulmonary hypertension.21 Recent data from a large unselected national registry demonstrated that thrombolysis in normotensive patients with acute PE was associated with increased mortality,22 therefore the use of thrombolytics (particularly rt-PA) should be reserved for pregnant women who have life-threatening PE with hemodynamic instability. Pregnancy should not necessarily be cited as a reason for withholding thrombolytics, especially when alternatives are lacking, despite the fact that ACC/AHA lists pregnancy as a “relative” contraindication in their STEMI 2014 guidelines.23 Further studies and analyses are warranted to elucidate the safety of thrombolytic administration during pregnancy.
- Benhamou D, Chassard D, Mercier FJ, Bouvier-Colle M. [The seventh report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the united kingdom: Comparison with french data]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2009;28(1):38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.annfar.2008.11.002.
- Clark SL, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Herbst MA, Meyers JA, Hankins GD. Research: Maternal death in the 21st century: Causes, prevention, and relationship to cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:36.e1-36.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.007.
- Moser KM. Frequent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1994;271(3):223. doi: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510270069042.
- Jaff MR. Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A scientific statement from the american heart association. Circulation. 2011;123(16):1788. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318214914f.
- Bates SM. Recommendations for prophylaxis of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism in carriers of inherited thrombophilia. comment on the 2012 ACCP guidelines: A rebuttal. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis. 2013;11(9):1782. doi: 10.1111/jth.12347.
- Holden EL. Thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolism in pregnancy–a report of three cases and follow up over a two year period. Thromb Res. 2011;127(1):58. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.06.003.
- Ahearn GS. Massive pulmonary embolism during pregnancy successfully treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: A case report and review of treatment options. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(11):1221. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.11.1221.
- Leonhardt G. Thrombolytic therapy in pregnancy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006;21(3):271. doi: 10.1007/s11239-006-5709-z.
- Flossdorf T. Successful treatment of massive pulmonary embolism with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in a pregnant woman with intact gravidity and preterm labour. Intensive Care Med. 1990;16(7):454. doi: 10.1007/BF01711225.
- Patel RK. Thrombolysis in pregnancy. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90(6):1216.
- Seifried E. [Thrombolytic therapy of pulmonary artery embolism in early pregnancy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1991;51(8):655. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1026418.
- Yap LB. Thrombolysis for acute massive pulmonary embolism during pregnancy. Int J Cardiol. 2002;82(2):193. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5273(01)00602-7.
- Sofocleous CT, Hinrichs C, Bahramipour P, Barone A, Abujudeh H, Contractor D. Percutaneous management of life-threatening pulmonary embolism complicating early pregnancy. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology. 2001;12(11):1355-6. doi: 10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61566-8.
- Baudo F. Emergency treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator of pulmonary embolism in a pregnant woman with antithrombin III deficiency. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(4 Pt 1):1274. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90706-D.
- te Raa GD. Treatment options in massive pulmonary embolism during pregnancy; a case-report and review of literature. Thromb Res. 2009;124(1):1. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.03.001.
- Condliffe R, Elliot CA, Hughes RJ, et al. Management dilemmas in acute pulmonary embolism. Thorax. 2014;69(2):174.
- Gartman EJ. The use of thrombolytic therapy in pregnancy. Obstetric Medicine: The Medicine of Pregnancy. 2013;6(3):105-111. doi: 10.1177/1753495X13488771.
- Fagher B. Acute massive pulmonary embolism treated with streptokinase during labor and the early puerperium. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1990;69(7-8):659. doi: 10.3109/00016349009028716.
- Hall RJ. Treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism by streptokinase during labour and delivery. Br Med J. 1972;4(5841):647. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5841.647.
- Turrentine MA. Use of thrombolytics for the treatment of thromboembolic disease during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1995;50(7):534. doi: 10.1097/00006254-199507000-00020.
- Sharma GV. Long-term benefit of thrombolytic therapy in patients with pulmonary embolism. Vascular medicine. 2000;5(2):91. doi: 10.1177/1358836X0000500205.
- RIERA-MESTRE A, JIMÉNEZ D, MURIEL A, et al. Thrombolytic therapy and outcome of patients with an acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Journal of Thrombosis & Haemostasis. 2012;10(5):751-759. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04698.x.
- Antman E, Anbe D, Armstrong P, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction; A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the 1999 guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(3):E1-E211. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.014. | <urn:uuid:3edf5d40-c7af-4095-9028-63dcc0b9c9f1> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.emresident.org/thrombolytics-for-pulmonary-embolism-in-pregnancy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813602.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221083833-20180221103833-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.867817 | 3,130 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Disassembler Term Paper Writing Service
Disassembler is a translator which transforms the maker code, things file or library modules into the text of the program in the assembly language. Disassemblers are divided into interactive and stand-alone according to the program of their application by users. The brightest example of a stand-alone disassembler can serve Sourcer. There are a couple of problems related with the work with disassemblers, for example, it is tough to distinguish the information from the maker code, so, on the
preliminary pass of the interactive and stand-alone disassemblers the professionals gather info about borders of functions and treatments, and on the limited pass the last listing is formed. A disassembler is utilized to equate maker code into a human legible format. Since dismantled code does not have developer remarks and annotations, checking out dismantled code is more intricate than initial source code. A significant dismantling problem is distinguishing code and information, which are displayed in the exact same method in present devices.
How Disassemblers Work
An “assembly language” refers to a programs language in which abbreviations, mnemonics, and hardware producers are utilized to provide a short description of commands to be utilized in an executable language without defining the specific command strings. Rather than by hand reducing an executable language or extending an assembly language, developers utilize assemblers and disassemblers, respectively, to instantly transform the text.
A disassembler might be utilized when a developer wants to integrate the functions of 2 or more programs. Furthermore, a disassembler can be utilized when a developer wants to develop a comparable program to one he or she currently has or just wants to find out how a program works. Due to the fact that they enable developers to instantly transform programs from an executable language into an assembly language, disassemblers are helpful. While both executable languages and assembly languages can be checked out by a developer, an executable language might consist of variables that are based upon particular hardware variables, while an assembly language for the very same program would supply “empty” variables that would just be filled when put on a particular maker or in a particular environment. Interactivity can enhance this procedure substantially, due to the fact that when the developer observes the dump of the taken apart location of the memory, he has the ability to specify the string constants, to offer the helpful names to the entry points and comment about the taken apart pieces of the program. The most typical application of a disassembler is the analysis of the program and its parts, the source code which is unidentified with the function of adjustment, hacking and breaking its code. Another function of the procedure of taking apart is the correction of mistakes or bugs in programs and compilers or the analysis and optimization of the maker code developed by the compiler.
Disassembler is the translator which supplies the professionals with the chance to specify the source code of the selected program for its adjustment. When the trainee has an interest in the problem on dismantling, he has the ability to prepare a updated and useful term paper which would cover the subject from all sides. The primary task of the trainee is to discuss the concepts and function of the work of dismantle, identify its functions, specify its weak and strong sides and offer the reader with a number of examples of the useful usage of dismantle. The trainee is expected to examine the value of this procedure on shows and think of the possible methods of its enhancement. The trainee has the ability to make up a fascinating and well-structured clinical text with the expert support of a complimentary example term paper on disassembler prepared by the author who is the specialist in this matter. The young adult can harp on the suggestions on picking the approaches of composing, the format of the text and its sensible management with the aid of a complimentary sample term paper on disassembler discovered online.
At termpaperwriting.services composing service you can purchase a custom-made term paper on Disassembler subjects. We work with premier Ph.D. and Master’s authors just to offer trainees with expert term paper assistance at cost effective rates. There are a couple of troubles related with the work with disassemblers, for example, it is hard to separate the information from the maker code, so, on the preliminary pass of the interactive and stand-alone disassemblers the specialists gather info about limits of functions and treatments, and on the limited pass the last listing is formed. Rather than by hand reducing an executable language or extending an assembly language, developers utilize assemblers and disassemblers, respectively, to immediately transform the text. A disassembler can be utilized when a developer desires to customize an existing program. A disassembler might be utilized when a developer wants to integrate the functions of 2 or more programs. Furthermore, a disassembler can be utilized when a developer wants to develop a comparable program to one he or she currently has or merely wants to discover how a program works. | <urn:uuid:ac998b11-7646-4637-b8b8-82004832ab15> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.termpaperwriting.services/disassembler-term-paper-writing-service-12797 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655878639.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702080623-20200702110623-00182.warc.gz | en | 0.924128 | 1,012 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Behavioral Treatment: Voice Rest & Voice Therapy
Most vocal fold lesions are directly or indirectly related to the stresses placed on the vocal folds from voice use, known as phonotrauma. This means that changes in vocal behavior are usually a very important part of treatment.
Voice rest is the most basic behavioral change. Total voice rest refers to no voice use at all, whereas relative voice rest refers to limited voice use. Voice use may be limited in amount, in volume or under certain conditions, such as noisy environments. It is important to discuss the terms of relative voice rest with your physician or voice therapist in detail, as some behaviors which are commonly thought to be helpful, like whispering, are in fact counterproductive.
Voice rest by itself does not fundamentally change any voice behaviors. Rather, it just gives the vocal folds some ‘time off.’ Therefore, voice rest does not address any underlying problems in a given condition, but does allow healing of a temporary condition.
Voice rest is commonly used in:
Voice therapy aims to change harmful vocal behaviors. It consists of both education and exercises. These are aimed at correcting generally harmful vocal behaviors as well as the specific behaviors and conditions that have created the problem being treated. Voice therapy is administered by a speech-language pathologist with a special competence in voice.
Disorders in which voice therapy is usually helpful are: | <urn:uuid:b8bd30b1-6796-411c-8755-d6d482ef9526> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://voicemedicine.com/voice-treatment/behavioral-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122167.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00594-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952314 | 279 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Historically, Earth’s North and South magnetic poles have flipped every 200,000 or 300,000 years. However, the last flip was about 780,000 years ago, meaning our planet is well overdue.
Is this why weather is changing so fast? The 2016-2017 winter was an immensely wet here in Utah. This winter we’ve had the least amount of rain and snow I’ve experienced since arriving in 1979. | <urn:uuid:fe1c2bda-5e85-449e-9239-555d1e221a84> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.sonsofliberty.co/earths-magnetic-field-shifting-poles-may-flip-get-bad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512421.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019170918-20181019192418-00142.warc.gz | en | 0.961975 | 91 | 2.546875 | 3 |
How It Works
Permanent Ring Magnets
Due to their low mass, emitted electrons remain tightly confined to magnetic field lines. Carefully sculpted magnetic fields fill the Cell with a cloud of orbiting electrons.
Current is passed through the filament wire to provide the energy required to eject electrons from its surface. The filament holder provides a positive potential to assist in this process.
Electrons are repelled by containment lenses, while guidance lenses interface the Cell with the parent instrument. No RF potentials are used. ECD occurs as ions pass through the electron cloud.
The e-MSion ExD cell enables fast and effective electron-capture dissociation (ECD) of peptide bonds, which can substantially improve the bottom up as well as top down characterization of protein proteoforms. The ExD cell can be retrofitted into current generations of the most widely used types mass spectrometers including Q-TOFs and Orbitrap QEs without changing the flight of analyte ions through the cell. Because of this, the installation of the ExD cell maintains the key functionality of the basic mass spectrometer without significantly altering transmission, sensitivity or resolution.
CID fragmentation remains fully functional and provides complimentary fragmentation information when combined with ECD to provide more confidence in peptide and protein identification. The ExD cell also can produce side chain fragmentation (particularly w ions) that can distinguish isobaric leucine from isoleucine and aspartate from isoaspartate. Because side chain fragmentation is more commonly produced by higher energy electrons from Electron-Induced Dissociation, we have adopted the more general term ExD to describe the cell. To learn more about applications of the ExD Cell, visit our Example Data and Publications pages.
The capture of an electron by a positively charged peptide becomes particularly efficient when the energy of the electron is extremely low (less than 0.3 eV). Because of the need to maintain these low electron energies, and because of self-repulsion of electrons, the opposite polarities of electrons and multiply-protonated precursor ions, and the 6-orders-of-magnitude difference in the masses of electrons vs precursor ions, mixing ions with enough electrons to produce efficient ECD has been a difficult engineering challenge. Therefore, ECD has historically only been available in expensive FTICR mass spectrometers.
Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD), which involves mixing analyte cations with oppositely-charged electron donor anions, was developed to improve the accessibility of electron-based fragmentation. Both ECD and ETD have proven the power of electron-based fragmentation to achieve more complete sequence information from large peptides and entire proteins, while preserving labile post-translational modifications far better than possible with CID. However, the cost and complexity of implementing ETD and FTICR-ECD has limited their general adoption.
A set of eight DC voltages are provided by a computer-controlled power supply to 1) guide protein analytes through the ExD cell, and 2) pull electrons from the filament to intersect the protein analytes along the central axis. The appropriate voltages are preset and only minor adjustments to the outer lenses are needed to change from bottom up analyses of peptides to work with large protein complexes.
The ExD cell can be switched in milliseconds to a transmission-only mode without ECD fragmentation, which allows for rapid switching between MS1 and MS2 modes. Because the ExD cell operates with static DC voltages, its optimization and operation are straight forward for a wide range of analytes.
To overcome the limitations of existing electron-based fragmentation techniques, our ExD cell uses carefully sculpted magnetic fields to confine low-energy electrons along the flight path of peptides or proteins flying through the mass spectrometer. Electrons are at least a million times lighter than even small peptides and thus are strongly held by magnetic field lines. The key is to produce magnetic field lines that will guide electrons from an electron-emitting source along the central axis to maximize overlap with protein analytes passing through the ExD cell.
Electrons are produced by a hot filament positioned in the center of the ExD cell in a filament holder. Protein analytes fly along the central axis of the ExD cell. The filament holder assembly is surrounded by two permanent high-temperature magnets that are positioned to confine electrons to the central axis of the ExD cell. | <urn:uuid:adbd67a3-f28f-4588-a9c0-88176d574344> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://e-msion.com/technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703519600.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119170058-20210119200058-00657.warc.gz | en | 0.908982 | 907 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Swimming pool water – treatment
- Private pools, spas plus therapeutic bathrooms are common sourced elements of contact with pollutants that may trigger infection.
- Indoor and outside pools have actually significantly various health threat issues.
- Many disinfectants are employed in swimming pools. Kinds of chlorine would be the most typical into the U.S., but bromine forms are also made use of.
- Man fluids particularly perspiration, area skin/dirt contamination, urine and feces would be the significant contaminants of wellness issue.
- Outdoor swimming pools can be contaminated by bird droppings, algae, soil, leaves and rain surface runoff.
- Interior swimming pools aren't as exposed, nonetheless they have other health concerns, specifically from breathing of airborne contamination.
- Microbial contamination from personal and sometimes ecological resources is the greatest wellness issue.
- Pathogens and ailments connected with pool water feature ear attacks, rashes, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, germs and viruses.
- Exposures take place from ingesting share liquid; connection with membranes within the nose, lips and ears; dermal contact; and breathing.
- Infectious risks primarily result from intake and membrane contact.
- Natural and inorganic DBPs produce potential problems.
- Dermal consumption and the breathing of volatile organic DBP chemicals tend to be significant chemical exposures. Other individuals take place from ingesting water.
- Inhalation exposure to swimmers happens at water’s surface-to-air program. Inhalation additionally takes place beyond your water in interior pools if ventilation isn't efficient. Some studies have found higher bloodstream quantities of chloroform after cycling.
- Inorganic and organic chloramines may be dermal, attention and lung irritants.
- Instead of chlorine, trichloramine (NCl3), which can be formed from excess chlorine reacting with ammonia, is probably a person's eye irritant that lots of men and women knowledge.
- Reports have actually recommended prospective allergic kind claims from chloramines and effects by asthmatics.
- Individuals with current gastrointestinal disease/diarrhea, specifically kiddies, really should not be allowed in pools, and swimmers should shower before entering the pool area to remove area soil.
- Pool liquid treatment and upkeep includes skimming oils and built up residues, filtration, recirculation, disinfection and oxidation procedures, periodic draining and sanitation, and shock chlorination.
- Common disinfection procedures feature chlorination (gaseous chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorinated isocyanurates) and bromination (bromochlorodimethylhydantoin, as an example). Copper ion has some programs, particularly in outdoor swimming pools. Chlorine just isn't efficient against Cryptosporidium contamination.
- Gaseous chlorine costs less but additionally triggers handling and release dangers.
- General relative disinfection potencies at equivalent doses are: HOCl ~ HOBr ~ NHxBry > OCl- > OBr- > NHxCly.
- Chlorinated isocyanurates are normal in outdoor pools since they offer weight to solar decomposition of chlorine residuals.
- Chlorine residuals are commonly inside array of about 1 part-per-million, and pH must be into the range of 7.2 to 7.8. Regular evaluating to keep up disinfection residuals and pH is important.
Swimming Pool Solar Water Bag
IonTec™ Pools and spa water treatment solution
Cloudy Pool Water: Causes and Treatment | <urn:uuid:0c778a91-9432-4aaa-bdab-0fbfb2ab4184> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | http://www.iscapoolcare.co.uk/SwimmingPoolWater/swimming-pool-water-treatment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662521152.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518052503-20220518082503-00776.warc.gz | en | 0.897884 | 767 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Recently, approximately 1,500 Palestinian prisoners ended a 40-day hunger strike to protest against unjust and horrific prison conditions in Israeli prisons and jails. After receiving international coverage the Israeli government made an agreement with the strikers to improve conditions.
But while the hunger strike by Palestinian political prisoners has been called off, with the Palestinians declaring victory, the use of the hunger strike to bring attention to colonial conditions is being ignored in other places in the world. Moroccan prisons filled by Western Saharan (Sahrawi) political prisoners have been invisible to the international public.
Sahrawi political prisoners have periodically engaged in hunger strikes to protest the abysmal conditions they face in Moroccan prisons. Protesters against Morocco’s illegal occupation of most of the Western Sahara regularly encounter repression carried out by Moroccan security forces. This includes but is not limited to imprisonment.
Since April 2017, hunger strikes have been initiated by at least 14 political prisoners challenging the conditions they face. Yet, there is little to no media attention paid to either the conditions or the resistance.
While Twitter has become an important instrument in disseminating information about the Sahrawi struggle against the Moroccan government, it is insufficient to gain the attention of the global public. Hunger strikes, no matter how compelling, cannot influence public opinion if nobody knows about them. The reality, at least with regard to the Western Sahara and the people of the U.S., is that most of us here don’t even know where the Western Sahara is located, let alone anything about the condition of Sahrawi political prisoners.
The struggle for freedom on the part of Africa’s only remaining colony —ironically, a colony of another African nation — deserves global support. But in order for that to happen, an immense amount of education must happen to awaken the Black world to what is happening [THIS PHRASING IS AWKWARD. DONE BY WHOM?] and the conditions being faced not only in the prisons but in the occupied territories as a whole.
Silence in the face of the Moroccan occupation is to the benefit of the oppressor. Those in the U.S. who are unaware of that struggle cannot be held responsible for such an absence of knowledge. Thus, we should learn the lessons from countless other solidarity movements Black America has engaged in, such as against Portuguese colonialism and white minority rule in Southern Africa (1960s-1970s). We must begin to protest and boycott Moroccan industries, create awareness of the conditions faced by the Sahrawi people and force the US government and other Moroccan allies to pressure the government to end its military occupation. The time has certainly arrived for a similar such movement in support of freedom for the Western Sahara.
Bill Fletcher Jr. is the former president of TransAfrica Forum. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook and at www.billfletcherjr.com. | <urn:uuid:6c45ed14-7edf-4f8c-8928-e092bc6f3b81> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://atlantablackstar.com/2017/06/09/ignore-hunger-strike-africans-still-colonial-rule/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506673.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402045741-20200402075741-00028.warc.gz | en | 0.952381 | 578 | 2.546875 | 3 |
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Much to My Shagreen, a Snail Won the Race
Photo Credit: Trey Reid, Arkansas Game & Fish Commission
In the highest parts of Arkansas' Ozarks, the slow-moving Magazine Mountain shagreen snail (Inflectarius magazinensis) has won the race to become the first invertebrate to be recovered and removed from Endangered Species Act protection.
Under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, only vertebrate species could be afforded federal protection. Then, when the Endangered Species Act was enacted in 1973, this landmark legislation allowed for the protection of wildlife, both vertebrates and invertebrates – including snails, mussels, crustaceans, arachnids, and insects – and eventually plants. In the Southeast alone, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is working to recover over 340 federally protected species—more than 100 of which are invertebrates.
And there is one tiny, dusky brown snail, the Magazine Mountain shagreen, that is only found on Magazine Mountain in Logan County, Arkansas. It prefers cool, moist conditions and inhabits the mountain's north and west slopes above 2,200 feet (670 meters).
The Magazine Mountain shagreen was first listed as a threatened species in 1989. It was listed primarily because of habitat loss and the possible negative effects from a military proposal to conduct troop and heavy equipment movements and artillery operations on Magazine Mountain; and development of a new state park on Magazine Mountain that would include construction of new buildings, roads, and trails and could significantly destroy or degrade the snail's habitat.
Photo Credit: Ron Caldwell, Lincoln Memorial University
The entire range of Magazine Mountain is in the Ozark Mountains and is owned by the U.S. Forest Service; they also designated portions of the mountain as a Special Interest Area to protect the snail and its habitat. The Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism has a long-term special use permit from the Forest Service to operate a state park on the summit. The U.S. Forest Service also conducts annual surveys of the Magazine Mountain shagreen's population and worked cooperatively with the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and the Service to fund life history and ecology research. These studies increased the Service's knowledge of the species' life history and more accurately mapped its habitat with new technologies.
Today, the Magazine Mountain shagreen currently lives on 27 locations on Magazine Mountain, cumulatively comprising about 22 acres (9 hectares). These populations are now considered secure from threats as Magazine Mountain is entirely owned and protected by the Forest Service and the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism.
Monitoring results indicate that Magazine Mountain shagreen populations have remained stable since 1996. Additionally, a review of the Magazine Mountain shagreen's status shows adequate regulatory protection exists, and threats have been eliminated or reduced to the point that the species has recovered and no longer meets the definition of threatened under the Endangered Species Act.
The outstanding cooperative recovery efforts, coupled with adequate regulatory protection, has eliminated or reduced threats to the snail, helping the species secure its place in history. The Service has announced that the snail has fully recovered and no longer needs federal protection. This is the ultimate goal of the ESA, and has been the end result for 26 other species. But this is the first for an invertebrate species—a new milestone for the ESA.
What We Do
- Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)
- Safe Harbor Agreements
- Candidate Conservation Agreements
- Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances
- Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions
- Conservation Banking
- Conservation Plans Database
- Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC)
- Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR)
- News Stories
- Featured Species
- Recovery Success Stories
- Endangered Species Bulletin
- Partnership Stories | <urn:uuid:f66ef632-575f-45df-84a5-6a7736e121f3> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.fws.gov/endangered/map/ESA_success_stories/AR/AR_story2/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802765002.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075245-00147-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935251 | 833 | 2.75 | 3 |
When talking about food most people immediately think calories. How many calories are in this? Is that too many calories? Can I afford to eat that many calories? Calories are even listed at the top of a nutrition label. While our society has decided that calories should hold a high honor when discussing nutrition they are not the end all be all. In fact, the types of nutrients we are consuming are more important than the calories.
So that must mean macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Protein and Fat? Not exactly, while these are important and we want to be well rounded when it comes to macronutrients, we often forget about micronutrients. While they are small and we need less of them in our diet, they are a mighty part of nutrition. When talking about micronutrients we are referring to vitamins and minerals such as: Vit A, B, C, D, E, K, calcium, iodine, iron, potassium, sodium and zinc.
A few functions: Vitamin A helps with our vision and building healthy skin. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cells from damage. Vitamin K is needed for blood clotting and iodine is needed for normal thyroid function. This does not cover all of the functions of all micronutrients, but it gives you an idea of how important they are in our diet.
There is no need to memorize the function of every vitamin and mineral, but be aware of some simple ways to incorporate them into your diet. One tip is to choose foods over supplements. Adding variety to your diet will decrease the need for supplements. Start by eating a wide variety of food groups and incorporate varying colors. There is not one food out there that can provide all of the micronutrients we need and adding variety to our diet will help incorporate different micronutrients.
In addition to choosing foods over supplements try adding items that are either fresh or frozen since air, light and processing can decrease the vitamin availability. When cooking, boiling is the worst option as this process will breakdown the vitamins and minerals more than steaming, sautéing or roasting. Know how nutrients interact so that you can optimize your absorption. Vitamin C increases iron absorption. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are best absorbed with a healthy fat. Meat sources of iron are better absorbed than plant sources.
The take away: Eating a wide variety of foods and incorporating many different colors will provide a wider range of micro and macronutrients. Do not focus on individual components, but instead think about eating a healthy diet that is full of variety. | <urn:uuid:557d5069-f1b4-4c92-aea9-9cc458e1e721> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://www.nutritiontulsa.com/category/blogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027314353.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818231019-20190819013019-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.942837 | 530 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Select trees well-adapted to drought conditions
Published 10:40 am, Thursday, May 17, 2012
As you drive around town, it's clear some trees are much more drought-tolerant than others. If you are in the market for a tree, consider these drought-tolerant trees as possible replacements. Don't get in too big of a hurry to make a purchase because October and November are the best months for planting new trees.
Native trees or well-adapted trees are more tolerant of soil, climate and possible pests than trees that are native to cool, high rainfall regions. Trees with small leaves are more easily cooled and have better water-use efficiency than trees with larger, thin leaves. Drought-tolerant plants usually have thick waxy leaf covering, hairs and thick bark, efficient stomatal control and extensive root systems.
Because medium-size trees are the most useful for average-size homes and urban lots, here are a few to note.
Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis) has a good track record in our area and has shown its tolerance of very dry conditions. This medium-size tree is deciduous, has good but variable fall color, and fast growth rate once it is established. It also will tolerate alkaline soil pH without deficiency symptoms. Trees are either male or female. Female trees don't have as good a branching pattern as the males, but they often have better fall color. Females set clusters of berries about one quarter of an inch in diameter, which turn from green to red to dark blue. Pruning while young to help develop a strong branching pattern may be necessary. Seedlings can be a nuisance. The tree is firewise.
Lacebark Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) is a fast growing, deciduous tree that has a nice spreading canopy or upright vase shape, depending on genetics. Lacebark is a clean tree in that the leaves are small and it blooms in the fall with small, inconspicuous flowers. Turf and other plants are more likely to grow under the medium shade of the canopy. As the tree matures the trunk and major limbs develop an intricate, exfoliating bark pattern that looks like puzzle pieces. A good cultivar of lacebark elm is "Drake." Don't confuse this tree with Siberian elm that has the horrendous elm leaf beetle and problems with weak wood.
Mexican white oak (Quercus polymorpha) or Monterrey oak, has become a popular tree in Texas because it is tolerant of difficult and dry conditions. It can be hard to find, but ask your local nurserymen to locate one for you. Mexican white oak is a fast growing tree. It may sit for the first few years after planting, but it grows rapidly to make up for any lost time. It is native to Texas and produces a medium-size acorn and retains its leaves into winter. See four of these trees at the Highway 191 and Loop 250 interchange -- it will be the largest tree species in the highway landscape. Take a look at the thin, rocky soil in which it grows and how attractive the trees are.
There are several other species to consider, like golden raintree (Koulreteria paniculata), western soapberry (Sapindus drummondii), lacy oak (Quercus glaucoides) and netleaf hackberry (Celtis laevigata var.reticulata). You have plenty of time between now and fall planting to decide which species you might like to grow. To help you decide, go to the Texas Forest Service website and visit the Tree Selector at: http://texastreeplanting.tamu.edu/CustomSelector.aspx.
Proper plant species selection can make night and day difference in how your landscape looks during dry years. | <urn:uuid:676030d9-bfa1-44f2-b886-24d5d8b9a35e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mrt.com/lifestyles/article/Select-trees-well-adapted-to-drought-conditions-7436282.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284376.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00262-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945959 | 802 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Why do we study Science?
The most important thing to remember about science is that it is the study of God's creation.
In the expanse of God's creation, from the world around us, to the depths of the universe, from the flowers of the field to the distant planets and stars, we find indescribable beauty, order, mystery, intricacy, vastness, wonder...
Even the simplest soul or one not ordinarily inclined to contemplation looks in awe upon a starry sky. Just a few moments spent gazing upon this awesome sight gives man a sense of how small he is... give shim some perspective on "what life's about."
We need to give our children this opportunity to dwell on God's wondrous creation on a regular basis. If the flowers God made are beautiful, how much more beautiful is God? If the universe is endlessly fascinating, capable of occupying man's attention for a lifetime and more, how much more great is God?
Although we can and should gently guide our children to these eternal truths found in Science, Nature is a most wonderful teacher... [more later]
"In studying nature we have not to inquire how God the Creator may, as He freely wills, use His creatures to work miracles and thereby show forth His power: we have rather to inquire what Nature with its immanent causes can naturally bring to pass. "
(St. Albert the Great circa 1200 AD)
"Though faith is above reason, there can never be any real discrepancy between faith and reason. Since the same God who reveals mysteries and infuses faith has bestowed the light of reason on the human mind, God cannot deny himself, nor can truth ever contradict truth.' 'Consequently, methodical research in all branches of knowledge, provided it is carried out in a truly scientific manner and does not override moral laws, can never conflict with the faith, because the things of the world and the things of faith derive from the same God. The humble and persevering investigator of the secrets of nature is being led, as it were, by the hand of God in spite of himself, for it is God, the conserver of all things, who made them what they are."
(The Catechism of the Catholic Church 159) | <urn:uuid:70d1789b-af57-418d-bb51-c1e923236da6> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://studeo.blogspot.com/2005/05/why-do-we-study-science-circa-1999.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886106779.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820150632-20170820170632-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.936285 | 460 | 2.890625 | 3 |
NCERT Solutions for Class 7th Science
Chapter 16. Water : A Precious Resource
1. Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(a) The freshwater stored in the ground is much more than that present in the rivers and lakes of the world. (T/F)
(b) Water shortage is a problem faced only by people living in rural areas. (T/F)
(c) Water from rivers is the only source for irrigation in the fields. (T/F)
(d) Rain is the ultimate source of water. (T/F)
(a) T (b) F (c) F (d) T
2. Explain how groundwater is recharged?
The rain water and water from other sources such as river and ponds seeps through the soil and fills the empty spaces and cracks deep below the ground. The process of seeping of water into the ground is called infiltration. The groundwater thus gets recharged by this process.
3. There are ten tubewells in a lane of fifty houses. What could be the long term impact on the water table?
The water table will be depleted. Atime will come when table fall below the pipe of tubewells. Water will not be fetched by these any more.
4. You have been asked to maintain a garden. How will you minimise the use of water?
(i) By collecting rain water.
(ii)By using water after bath or washing utensils for watering in the garden.
5. Explain the factors responsible for the depletion of water lable.
(i) Increasing population: Increasing population creates demand for construction of houses, shops, offices, roads and pavements. This decrease the open areas likeparks, and playground.
(ii) Increasing industries: Water is used by all the industries. The number of industries is increasing continously. Water used by most of the industries is drawn from the ground
(iii) Agriculture activities: These irrigation system may suffer from lack of water due to erractic rainfall. Therefore, farmers have to use groundwater for irrigation.
6. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answers:
(a) People obtain groundwater through________ and ________.
(b) Three forms of water are ________, ________ and ________.
(c) The water bearing layer of the earth is ________.
(d) The process of water seepage into the ground is called ________.
(a) well and hand pumps (b) solid, liquid and gas (c) acquifer (d) infirltration.
7. Which one of the following is not responsbile for water shortage?
(i) Rapid growth of industries
(ii) Increasing population
(iii) Heavy rainfall
(iv) Mismanagement of water resources
(iii) Heavy rainfall.
8. Choose the correct opton.
The total water
(i) in the lakes and rivers of the world remains constant.
(ii) under the ground remains constant.
(iii) in the seas and oceans of the world remains constant.
(iv) of the world remains constant.
(iv) Of the world remains constant.
9. Make a sketch showing groundwater and water table. Label it.
Groundwater and Water lable | <urn:uuid:d658b6c0-32c9-42cf-bb4c-5465b373307b> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.apurvainstitute.in/study-materials/ncert-solutions/chapters/home.php?tab=ncert_book&class=7&subject=Science&medium=english&chapter=16.%20Water%20:%20A%20Precious%20Resource&page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247506094.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221172909-20190221194909-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.895869 | 706 | 3.484375 | 3 |
1. Hedy Lamarr
Lauded as “the most beautiful woman in the world,” film actress Hedy Lamarr earned our eternal gratitude when she drafted a “Secret Communications System” during WWII — technology still used by cell networks, Bluetooth gadgets, and Wi-Fi.
2. Ada Lovelace
Dubbed “the world’s first programmer,” Ada Lovelace wrote commands that could solve specific math problems for an early mechanical computer in 1843. She also predicted that computers could “compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music.”
3. Grace Hopper
A century after Ada Lovelace, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper became one of the first to program computers in WWII. She invented the compiler — an English to computer translator — and popularized “computer bug” after a moth shorted out a Mark II.
4. Stephanie Kwolek
rom body armor to fiber optic cables, Kevlar carries a variety of applications — and you can thank industrial chemist Stephanie Kwolek for producing the fiber in 1965. Five times as strong as steel and fire resistant, her invention is still invaluable today.
5. Annie Easley
Annie Easley didn’t have a college degree when she started working at NASA in 1955, but that didn’t stop her from creating programs that measured solar winds, optimized energy conversion, and controlled rocket boosters in a 34-year career.
6. Marie Curie
Of course, we couldn’t forget Marie Curie, the chemist and physicist whose groundbreaking work on radioactivity won her two Nobel Prizes — the first awarded to a woman. Today she remains one of the most famous female scientists of all time.
7. Mária Telkes
Not satisfied with developing saltwater stills, solar ovens, and “coolness”-storing air conditioners, Mária Telkes helped build the first solar-heated house in the 1940s — which managed to keep a cozy temperature through a “cold Massachusetts winter.”
8. Dorothy Hodgkin
Known as a founder of protein crystallography — that is, “the study of atomic and molecular structure” — Dorothy Hodgkin used X-rays to crack the structures of penicillin, insulin, and vitamin B12, which won her a well-earned Nobel Prize in 1964.
9. Katharine Burr Blodgett
The first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics from Cambridge University, Blodgett invented non-reflective glass in 1938 — which would later find use in cameras and windows. If you’re wearing glasses, you can partly thank Blodgett for the lenses.
10. Ida Henrietta Hyde
A champion for women scientists, Hyde invented a microelectrode capable of stimulating cell tissue, a device that later revolutionized her own field of science. In 1902, she became the first female member of the American Physiological Society.
11. Virginia Apgar
If you’re a nurse, you might know the Apgar score — a system for assessing the health of newborns. It came from Virginia Apgar, an anesthesiologist who did “more to improve the health of mothers [and] babies … than anyone in the 20th century.” | <urn:uuid:d5c813b6-1275-469d-8be3-7bdb575a276f> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://www.fascinately.com/fascinating/2015/03/10-female-inventors-who-changed-the-information-age-forever/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121665.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00064-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936463 | 694 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Cinderella's Different Stories – Assignment Example
The paper "Cinderella's Different Stories" is a wonderful example of an assignment on literature. The well-loved fairy tale Cinderella first caught the imagination of children and elders alike when Charles Perrault, the French writer published it in his ‘Contes de ma Mere LOye’ in 1697. This was a story of a sad, but a beautiful young girl being ill-treated by her stepmother and step-sisters and who finally gets rescued by Prince Charming appealed to the humane side of one and all. As an allegory for the triumph of virtue over vice, the story of Cinderella has very few competitors. Cinderella as a story has many versions, but all said and done, all of them send out the same messages of love, hope, kindness, and generosity while reiterating the idea that we all have a greater force taking care of us in all our trials and sorrows. A few modern studies of the Cinderella story though, take the interpretation of the story to a different level and raises it from the realm of a fairy tale to a metaphor for many modern ideas. Belinda Stott in her research article titled “Cinderella the strong and reader empowerment” on the other hand defines Cinderella as strong and empowered and uses the Disney version of Cinderella and Perrault's version of the tale, to show that Cinderella is able to awaken her inherent potential and move from a dependent girl to a strong and resourceful young woman, with the help and support of a mother figure. The author’s brief here is to show women that they can learn from the story how to throw away the victim’s robe and instead don the mantle of an empowered woman. “Cinderella Revisited” by Stewart M Cameron is a study of the references to the Cinderella story in medical literature and analyses more than 50 years of various works that mention about Cinderella. The paper is obviously aimed at the medical community and the research reveals that the issues of exhaustion, identity, transformation, neglect, and the mixed metaphor are increasingly using Cinderella as a metaphor for these aforementioned conditions. Princess Megan Rose in an item for Children's Literature Class in college compared three versions of the story and found that they all had the basic narrative structure but Disney made the greatest digressions and made it almost cartoonish and she felt that it could have been the reason for its greater appeal. In 2004 Hazleton and Hickey’s research paper on the theme of neglect went so far as to propose a separate term for studies using the Cinderella story and called it “Cinderology”. | <urn:uuid:1e46c132-c8d1-4ab3-a8f0-7a88630049f3> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://ocallaghannyrealestate.com/assignment/the-difference-and-similarities-of-cinderellas-different-stories-1886851 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583656665.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20190116031807-20190116053807-00316.warc.gz | en | 0.949858 | 539 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Marine Mammal Stranding
Spring is breeding season for much of Crystal Cove’s wildlife, and every inch of the park is bursting with new life. If you come to the park you can spot tiny house finch chicks chirping from their nests, fluffy desert cottontails hopping across the trails, and maybe even a gray whale cow and calf hugging the coast on their way up to Alaska from Baja. This sudden population growth may be causing trouble for some of our local marine mammals. Seals and sea lions that were born in late winter are just starting to set out on their own, and many seem to be struggling to find food. The Pacific Marine Mammal Center in Laguna Beach is caring for 33 starving elephant seal pups, many of which were found stranded in Crystal Cove.
Northern Elephant seals aren’t a common sight on Crystal Cove’s beaches. They live most of their lives in the open ocean, only hauling out on beaches during the breeding season at their breeding grounds. However, in less than one week, four elephant seal pups washed up on Crystal Cove’s shores, dehydrated and malnourished. In 2015 and 2016, we saw something similar happening with California sea lion pups. Thousands of starving young sea lions were found all along California’s coast. The culprit was warm ocean temperatures leading to a decline in the fish they feed on. It’s unclear what is causing the sudden increase in elephant seal stranding this season, but it could indicate a significant change in the marine ecosystem that they rely on.
Elephant seals aren’t the only ones in trouble this year. The Pacific Marine Mammal Center has also seen a dramatic increase in stranded sea lions due to domoic acid poisoning caused by marine algal blooms. California received record rainfall following many abnormally dry years. This washed years of built up fertilizers and other pollutants into the ocean, resulting in sudden blooms of marine algae. Some of these algae produce a neurotoxin that is ingested by fish that are then eaten by sea lions. The result is an unprecedented number of sea lions coming to shore disoriented and lethargic.
So, if you come to Crystal Cove and find a starving elephant seal pup or a confused sea lion, what should you do? The most important thing is to leave the animal alone, and keep your distance. If you think the animal looks unhealthy, you can call the Pacific Marine Mammal Center at (949) 494-3050 and describe your location and the condition of the animal in as much detail as possible. If you would like more information about the Pacific Marine Mammal Center, or want to keep track of their patients, visit their website at www.pacificmmc.org. | <urn:uuid:88ca3eda-295a-4e17-9f8b-5ca871a8b865> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://crystalcove.org/marine-mammal-stranding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608622.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526013116-20170526033116-00373.warc.gz | en | 0.960784 | 569 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Scientists have developed an ingredient that can be added to foods to make them more filling.
In its first tests in humans, researchers at Imperial College London and the University of Glasgow found that the ingredient is effective at preventing weight gain in overweight volunteers.
The ingredient contains propionate, which stimulates the gut to release hormones that act on the brain to reduce hunger. Propionate is produced naturally when dietary fibre is fermented by microbes in the gut, but the new ingredient, called inulin-propionate ester (IPE), provides much larger quantities of propionate than people can acquire with a normal diet.
First, 20 volunteers were given either IPE or inulin, a dietary fibre, and were allowed to eat as much as they liked from a buffet. Those given IPE ate 14 per cent less on average, and had higher concentrations of appetite-reducing hormones in their blood.
Next, 60 overweight volunteers took part in a 24-week study in which half were given IPE as a powder to add to their food and half given inulin. One out of 25 volunteers given IPE who completed the study gained more than three per cent of their body weight, compared with six out of 24 given inulin. None of the IPE group gained more than five per cent of their body weight, compared with four in the inulin group.
After 24 weeks, the IPE group also had less fat in their abdomens and livers compared with the inulin group. The findings are published today in the journal Gut.
Professor Gary Frost, who led the study at the Department of Medicine at Imperial College London, said: "We know that adults gain between 0.3 and 0.8 kilos a year on average, and there's a real need for new strategies that can prevent this.
"Molecules like propionate stimulate the release of gut hormones that control appetite, but you need to eat huge amounts of fibre to achieve a strong effect. We wanted to find a more efficient way to deliver propionate to the gut.
"This small, proof-of-principle study shows encouraging signs that supplementing one's diet with the ingredient we've developed prevents weight gain in overweight people. You need to eat it regularly to have an effect. We're exploring what kinds of foods it could be added to, but something like bread or fruit smoothies might work well."
Dr Douglas Morrison, from the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre at the University of Glasgow, said: "There is significant interest in how food components like dietary fibre interact with gut microbes to influence health, but much of the evidence we rely upon comes from laboratory and animal studies. It is often difficult to translate these findings directly into successful human interventions.
"Packaging propionate up to more efficiently deliver it to the large intestine has allowed us to make direct observations in humans that propionate may play an important role in weight management. These exciting findings could at last open up new ways to manipulate gut microbes to improve health and prevent disease."
Imperial Innovations, a technology commercialisation company focused on developing the most promising UK academic research, is working with Professor Frost and Dr Morrison on taking the ingredient to market. The team is exploring how to deploy the ingredient so it makes the biggest impact and has early commercial engagement with a number of food and ingredient manufacturers, and would welcome discussions with further interested companies.
The study was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council's (BBSRC) Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC), which aims to help the food industry develop products that deliver enhanced health benefits for consumers. The club operates by establishing partnership between research funders and a consortium of food companies to support academic research.
Dr Celia Caulcott, BBSRC Director, Innovation and Skills, said: "This is an excellent example of the exciting discoveries being made thanks to DRINC funding that can help to improve our health and benefit society. By working closely with industry to identify research priorities, we are investing in discoveries that have a much better chance of moving out of the lab and into our lives."
For more information please contact:
Research Media Officer
Imperial College London
Tel: +44(0)20 7594 2198
Out of hours duty press officer: +44(0)7803 886 248
For commercial enquiries:
Dr Jon Wilkinson
Senior Technology Licensing Executive
+44 020 3053 8830
Notes to editors:
1. E.S. Chambers et al. 'Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults.' Gut, 2014. doi 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307913
2. About Imperial College London
Imperial College London is one of the world's leading universities. The College's 14,000 students and 7,500 staff are expanding the frontiers of knowledge in science, medicine, engineering and business, and translating their discoveries into benefits for society.
Founded in 1907, Imperial builds on a distinguished past - having pioneered penicillin, holography and fibre optics - to shape the future. Imperial researchers work across disciplines to improve global health, tackle climate change, develop sustainable energy technology and address security challenges. This blend of academic excellence and its real-world application feeds into Imperial's exceptional learning environment, where students participate in research to push the limits of their degrees.
Imperial nurtures a dynamic enterprise culture, where collaborations with industrial, healthcare and international partners are the norm. In 2007, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust formed the UK's first Academic Health Science Centre. This unique partnership aims to improve the quality of life of patients and populations by taking new discoveries and translating them into new therapies as quickly as possible.
Imperial has nine London campuses, including Imperial West: a new 25 acre research and innovation centre in White City, west London. At Imperial West, researchers, businesses and higher education partners will co-locate to create value from ideas on a global scale.
3. About Imperial Innovations
Imperial Innovations creates, builds and invests in pioneering technologies developed from the academic research of the UK's four leading Universities. The Group supports scientists and entrepreneurs in the commercialisation of their ideas and intellectual property by leading the formation of new companies, providing facilities in the early stages, providing investment and encouraging co-investment to accelerate development, providing operational expertise and recruiting high-calibre management teams. It also runs an Incubator in London that is the initial home for many of its technology spin-outs.
Originally formed as the Technology Transfer office for Imperial College - a role it still carries out today, Innovations also invests in opportunities arising from intellectual property developed at, or associated with, Cambridge University, Oxford University and University College London. These are the top four research intensive universities in Europe with a research income of over £1.3 billion per annum.
Innovations invests in the most promising opportunities from whichever technology sector they arise, but has built particular expertise in the key sectors of: therapeutics, medtech, engineering and materials, and ICT.
During the period from the admission of its shares to trading on AIM in 2006 to 31 July 2014, Innovations has invested a total of £76.0 million across its portfolio companies, which have raised collectively investment of over £822.5 million. | <urn:uuid:4fe4ad16-93de-4853-b46f-1c676a92204b> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/icl-scf120914.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143784.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200218150621-20200218180621-00333.warc.gz | en | 0.939374 | 1,527 | 2.90625 | 3 |
It’s Natural to assume that animals with large teeth and aggressive reputation animals like lions or poisonous snakes are the world’s deadliest killers. But appearance not sufficient to judge the creature’s deadliness. Mosquito has recorded the maximum killing of people every year.
Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and it’s the only disease which kills more than 600,000 people a year while 200,000 people suffer on daily basis. This numbers are far more than any other animals. Among the most dangerous animals listed in the picture are snakes which are at number two, due to 50000 killing every year. Third deadliest animal is snakes which kills more than 25000 people every year. Few unfortunate people get bite by crocodile, lion and Hippopotamus.
Mosquito is the deadliest species which tops in human killing. Worst is the malaria kills more than 500,000 people a year around the world. Other deadly diseases like Dengue and chikungunya is spread by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are found in all parts of the world except Antarctic region. | <urn:uuid:1f9169ee-95c9-4a37-8409-d7d36bb80fd0> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.rajashreepestcontrol.com/blog/mosquito-a-silent-killer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886437.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180116144951-20180116164951-00770.warc.gz | en | 0.953513 | 220 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Back to shop Animal-Shaped Vessels from the Ancient World: Feasting with Gods, Heroes, and Kings Email Share on Facebook Share on Twitter $ 55.00 The first comprehensive and cross-disciplinary look at these unique vessels—important symbols of artistic ingenuity, social life, and cultural exchange in ancient times. Edited by Susanne Ebbinghaus With contributions by A. Cassandra Albinson, Angela Chang, Henry P. Colburn, Michael Dietler, Susanne Ebbinghaus, Katherine Eremin, Janling Fu, Robert B. Koehl, Paul Kosmin, Barbara Kowalzig, Ethan W. Lasser, Judith A. Lerner, François Louis, Patrick McGovern, Mary McWilliams, Thomas S. Michie, Elizabeth Molacek, Melissa Moy, Gregory Nagy, Carol Neuman de Vegvar, Kimberley C. Patton, Joanne Pillsbury, Jeffrey Quilter, and Mark Weeden ISBN: 9780300237030 404 pages; 9 x 11 in. 335 (approx.) color & b/w illustrations Hardcover Published by Harvard Art Museums Distributed by Yale University Press While the songs, speeches, and prayers that enlivened ancient feasts are now largely lost to us, the vessels used to drink or pour liquids at these festive occasions have survived. And many—for reasons not always entirely clear—were made in the shape of animals: bulls and rams, lions and deer, graceful birds and braying donkeys, among others. What is more, the tradition of crafting animal-shaped vessels is not unique to one culture or geographic locale; the affinity for this type of object spans ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean, the Near and Far East, and South America. This comprehensive volume delves into the rich cross-cultural story of these entertaining and often extremely lifelike objects, offering a picture of how they spurred artistic exchange and innovation. The world of ancient feasting and ritual practice comes into focus through the lively questions taken up in the book. How exactly could one drink from and hold these sometimes unwieldly objects? Could they double as masks? Which beverages would have filled them? What does the preference for these shapes say about the human/animal relationship? How do they relate to social standing? These questions and more, illuminated by a standout lineup of international contributors, help us not only to better understand this unique form of drinking vessel, but also to appreciate the experiences of the individuals and communities who raised up these one-of-a-kind objects in pleasure and in praise. The related exhibition, Animal-Shaped Vessels from the Ancient World: Feasting with Gods, Heroes, and Kings, is on display at the Harvard Art Museums from September 7, 2018 to January 6, 2019. Susanne Ebbinghaus is the George M.A. Hanfmann Curator of Ancient Art and head of the Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art at the Harvard Art Museums. Crucial support for this project came in the form of a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. In addition, the Harvard Art Museums are deeply grateful to the anonymous donor of a gift in memory of Melvin R. Seiden and to Malcolm H. Wiener (Harvard A.B. ’57, J.D. ’63) and Michael and Helen Lehmann for enabling us to mount this exhibition and to pursue the related research. This work was also made possible in part by the following endowed funds: the David M. Robinson Fund; the Andrew W. Mellon Publication Funds, including the Henry P. McIlhenny Fund; and the M. Victor Leventritt Fund, which brings outstanding scholars of the history and theory of art to the Harvard and Greater Boston communities through the generosity of the wife, children, and friends of the late M. Victor Leventritt, Harvard Class of 1935. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this book and exhibition do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Our online ordering system is currently unavailable.To place an order, please call (617) 495-7066. | <urn:uuid:90c6f27c-7887-4e70-a1d7-d3083d637a29> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://shop.harvardartmuseums.org/collections/frontpage/products/animal-shaped-vessels-from-the-ancient-world-feasting-with-gods-heroes-and-kings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348492295.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604223445-20200605013445-00381.warc.gz | en | 0.903427 | 848 | 2.703125 | 3 |
pronounced (Tie-Low-Sore-us Pro-Rig-er)
Nick Name: “Bunker Tylosaur”
Discovered By: C.D. Bunker, 1911
Discovery Location: Western Kansas
Diet: Meat Eater (Carnivore)
Period: Late Cretaceous
Age: 83 million years
Formation: Niobrara Chalk
Lenght: 45 ft.
Location of Original Specimen: In the Collection of The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas
This specimen, the largest mosasaur ever found in North America, was collected in 1911. It was placed in the collections of the University of Kansas where it remained in storage until 1997, when it was restored and molded by Triebold Paleontology, Inc.
As the dominant predator of the seas, the Tylosaurus diet consisted of other sea creatures- basically anything it chose to eat!
Both Tylosaurus and Platecarpus bones have been found with evidence of avascular necrosis resulting from a long stay at extreme depths. Avascular necrosis (also known as the bends) has not been found in Clidastes bones which suggests that they did no deep diving, therefore filling a different ecological niche. | <urn:uuid:dbe832df-513e-4c34-a7d2-ec961805d361> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rmdrc.com/archives/1626 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92026 | 268 | 3.3125 | 3 |
- Includes: cvc, one syllable words like: dad, get, his, not, but
- Covers all 26 initial alphabet sounds
- Focus sounds: medial short vowels – a, e, i, o, u
- Includes double final consonants: ll, ss, zz, ff
In each pack of Got it cards there are five, fun phonic reading and spelling games which are : Word Race, Word Pairs, Word Match, Word Sets and Word Switch. Players will have so much fun, they will learn how to read and spell without even realising.
Got it games are designed by an experienced teacher. Using a multi-sensory approach to identify the sounds in words will create the building blocks to independently read and spell important high frequency words. | <urn:uuid:b139a36f-1bc6-43b7-88dc-7df6abf8a32b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://gotitlearning.co.uk/product/set1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00456.warc.gz | en | 0.919459 | 163 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The Shunammite Woman
2 Kings 4:8-37
The introduction to the Shunammite woman’s story immediately shows her kindness and hospitality. She not only urged the prophet Elisha to eat food when he passed through town but she also told her husband that they should make a room for him to stay whenever he come through their town (2 Kings 4:8-10).
- It is an important to note that she did not ASK her husband if they could make a room for him but it was a statement (Rice 2018).
- These rooms are often called “prophet chambers” and are a room where preachers and missionaries are entertained and feel at home (McGee 1977).
- She also obviously believed in God since she acknowledged that Elisha was a man of God.
- It can also be interrupted that her husband believed in God as well as it is not documented in the text that he disagreed with her or objected.
One day when Elisha came to stay with the Shunammite woman and her husband in the chamber, he thought to ask her what he could do for her after all that she had done for him and his servant. She responded by saying, “ I have a house among my people (2 Kings 4:13).”
- Her response was humble due to her not asking for anything in return.
- When we do good works for others we should not do it to receive anything back in return.
- People we do good deeds for do not owe us; good deeds should be seen as a gift, not as a “loan” that has be paid back and that is how the Shunammite woman displayed her hospitality.
Elisha was not satisfied with the woman not being blessed due to all she had done for him and his servant. So, the servant noticed she did not have a son and her husband was old. Therefore, Elisha called her in and told her she would have a son next year, and she responded, “No, my lord, O man of God: do not lie to your servant (2 Kings 4:16).”
- Most people describe her as a “woman of faith” but I think its important to note that she also doubted, by telling Elisha not to lie to her as she questioned his promise as some people compare to Sarah (Shemesh 2002).
- Doubt is a natural human instinct and its usually our first response, but learn from the Shunammite woman that faith will get you farther than doubt.
They indeed were blessed with a son but his head was injured one day and he died soon after. After the child died, she immediately called her husband and told him to send a servant and a donkey. Unlike, when she told him they should build a room for Elisha, he questioned her about going to Elisha to save her son. Her response to her husbands questioning was, “All is well.” Therefore, she saddled the donkey and her and a servant and traveled to find Elisha herself (2 Kings 4:22-25)
- Usually when a son is born in the Bible, the name is mentioned. But some scholars believe there are no names in this story including the child to keep the main focus on Elisha and the power of God (Amit 2003).
- Her continuation of going to find Elisha after her husbands questioning, shows the faith that the Shunammite woman is so greatly known for (Rice 2018).
- The text does not state whether anyone else besides her and the servant went to find Elisha and it also doesn’t state the gender of the servant, therefore it was a brave act to travel to Mount Carmel, another example of her faith.
When Elisha saw the Shunammite woman he sent his servant to ask if she, her husband, and son were okay. And she responded, “All is well.” But when she reached Elisha she told him, “Did I ask my lord for a son? Did I not say, ‘Do not deceive me?’” Elisha told the servant to take his staff and place it on the face of the child. But the Shunammite woman refused to leave without Elisha and he listened to her and followed (2 Kings 4:26-31).
- She showed persistence and perseverance by not leaving without Elisha (Shields 1993).
- She knew that Elisha was a man of God and the power of God was within Elisha and not the staff.
- The Shunammites womans way to reach/get to God was through Elisha and by going to Elisha she was taking her problem to God.
The servant placing the staff on the face of the child did not work. Therefore, when Elisha reached the house he went into the room and shut the door and prayed to the LORD. He laid on the child, putting his mouth on his mouth, his eyes on his eyes, and his hands on his hands and the flesh of the child became warm. He did it once more and the child sneezed seven times and opened his eyes. He then tells the Shunammite woman to pick up her son (2 Kings 4:32-37).
- The point of Elisha having to pray to God for the son to return back to life was to prove that the power was in prayer and in God and not in an object such as the staff (Klein 2017).
- If the staff on the boys face would of brought the child back to life, God would not have received the glory but the staff would of.
- The son was a blessing from God and it was suddenly taken away from her, but by raising him the dead, God was given the glory. If he wouldn’t of came back to life, it would of left a negative thought towards God for the readers (Dawson 2018).
- The story of the Shunammite woman shows the importance of hospitality. Since she blessed a man of God, God blessed her in return with a son (Keathley 2004).
- When we bless people of God, God also blesses us. However, we should be like the Shunammite woman and not EXPECT a blessing for our good deeds, but bless others through kindness and hospitality with or without a blessing in return.
Amit, Yairah. “A Prophet Tested: Elisha, the Great Woman of Shunem, and the Story’s Double Message.” Biblical Interpretation, vol. 11, no. 3, 2003, pp. 279-294.
Dawson, Sonja, Rev. “Would You Dare to Hope again?” Los Angeles Sentinel May 2009: 2. ProQuest. 9 Apr. 2018 .
McGee, J. Vernon, et al. “1 2 Samuel Thru the Bible.” AbeBooks, Greenhaven Pr, 1 Jan. 1977, www.abebooks.com/book-search/kw/thru-the-bible-1-5-5-volume-set-j-vernon-mcgee/.
Keathley, J H. “The Shunammite Woman Receives a Son (2 Kings 4:8-17).” Bible.org,8 June 2004, bible.org/seriespage/9-shunammite-woman-receives-son-2-kings-48-17.
Klein, Reuven C., (Rudolph). “gehazi and the Miracle Staff of Elisha.” Jewish Bible Quarterly, vol. 45, no. 2, 2017, pp. 103.
Rice, Gene. “A Great Woman of Ancient Israel (2 Kings 4:8-37; 8:1-6).” Journal of Religious Thought 60-63.1-2 (2008): 69-VI. ProQuest. 9 Apr. 2018 .
Shemesh, Yael. “In Praise of Elisha.” Va-Yera – Yael Shemesh, Bar-Ilan University’s International Center for Jewish Identity., 26 Oct. 2002,www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/vayera/she.html.
Shields, Mary E. “Subverting a Man of God, Elevating a Woman: Role and Power Reversals in 2 Kings 4.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 18.58 (1993): 59-69. | <urn:uuid:57a26edd-bb2b-42f9-9741-86fb5af74e47> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://boostoflove.com/2018/05/09/the-shunammite-woman/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662545875.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522160113-20220522190113-00401.warc.gz | en | 0.977519 | 1,830 | 2.75 | 3 |
In GR, we discuss about spaces that are not exactly flat. If we can split the space into parts and each part is continously corresponsive to a region of , then it is called a manifold. is called toe dimension of the manifold.
Normally, a finite dimensional manifold can be embeded in a higher dimensional Euclidean space. Whereas such embedding might not be natural. In GR, the spacetime does not naturally live in a higher dimensional space, so an abstract definition of a manifold is necessary.
Definition (Manifold): An n-dimensional, , real manifold is a set together with a collection of subsets satisfying the following properties:
is a open cover of .
For each , there is a one-to-one, onto, map where is an open subset of .
For each and that , the map maps to . Then both sets must be open and the map must be .
Each map is called a "chart" or a "coordinate system". The definition of manifold and complex manifold simply is the same with some natural changes.
Through out this book, the manifold involed are all assumed to be Hausdorff and paracomact.
NOTE By this definition, the charts, by no means, are required to provide a "straight coordinate" to , by which I mean the tangent vector can change through out each .
Example Euclidean space with one chart and map to be identity function.
Example 2-sphere (a 2-dimensional spherical surface embedded in ).
In SR, each coordinate system is applicable to the whole universe. but in GR, a coordinate system is only usable inside its corresponding open set.
With the mapping to , we can easily define differentiability and smoothness of maps between manifolds.
Defintion (Diffeomorphism): Let and to be manifolds and and to be chart maps. A map is said to be if for each is in Euclidean spaces. If is , one-to-one and onto, then it is called a diffeomorphism, and and are said to be diffeomorphic.
NOTE diffeomorphism requires the manifolds to have the same dimension.
Tangent vector in a manifold (without embedding in ):
We can define tangent vectors as directional derivatives. In , the mapping between vectors and directional derivatives is one-to-one. defines derivative operator . Directional derivatives are characterized by Leibnitz rules.
Let denote the collections of all functions from manifold into . We define a tangent vector at point to be a map which is (1) linear and (2) obeys Leibnitz rules:
NOTE: Be very careful that the second rule also applies the function and at .
If , since linearlity, otherwise divide the equation by , and .
The maps of a tangent vectors of a point forms a vector space by adding this addition law: .
Theorem 2.2.1: Let be an -dimensional manifold. Let and let denote the tangent space at , then .
Proof. Given a chart of open set where , If , then is . For define functional by
This means, the th component of is a functional that takes the th partial derivative of function in , and apply the point to it.
It is clear that is a derivative from the chain rule. Now we need to prove that .
For any function , if is ,
especially, we have
Let , and we have
where denotes , that is, picking the th element of the result.
For any , apply the functional,
This means is a linear combination of .
The basis is called a coordinate basis, frequently denoted as simply . For each different chart chosen, there is a different coordinate basis , and
We can also get the vector transformation law from it:
A smooth curve, on a manifold is a map of into , . At each point , there is a tangent vector associated with as follows.
Therefore the components of is given by
If and are on the manifold, there is no way to correlate them in a general manifold. Another construct ("connection", or "parallel transportation") must be introduced to do so. However, if the curvation is nonzero, the identification of with obtained in this manner will depend on the choice of curve.
A tangent field, , on a manifold is an assignment of a tangent vector, for each point . Despite the fact that the tangent spaces and at different points are different vector spaces, there is a natural notion of what it means for to vary smoothy from point to point.
A one-parameter group of diffeomorphisms is a map from . In particular:
is a diffeomorphism, and
At each point , is a curve, called the orbit of which passes through at . Define to be the tangent vector at . Thus we can consider the vector field to be the generator of such a group.
Conversely, we can ask a question, that if given a vector field , can we find a family of curves s.t. for each point , there is one and only one curve that passes through the point with the tangent vector equals to . The answer is yes.
Therefore we have a one-to-one mapping between a tangent field and a diffeomorphism. We can thus consider a tangent field to be a mapping of type :
Given two smooth vector fields and , we can define the commutator field as follows:
Definition (Topological space, open set): A topological space is a set with a collection of subsets of that satisfies:
If , then ;
If , then
Sets in are called "open set"s.
An example of a topology on contains all the open intervals in . Thus the name "open set"s.
Definition (Induced topology): If is a topological space and is a subset of , we may make into a topological space by defining the topology , then forms a topology space. is called induced (or relative) topology.
Definition (Product topology): If and are both topological spaces, the direct prodct of both naturally forms a topological space . is called the product topology.
NOTE This lifts the dimension of the topological space.
Open balls on naturally form a topology.
Definition (Continuous mapping): If and are topological spaces, a map is continuous if the inverse image maps every open set in to an open set in .
Definition (Homeomorphism): If is continuous, one-to-one, onto, and its inverse is continues, then is called a homeomorphism, and the spaces are said to be "homeomorphic".
NOTE Not to be confused with homomorphism and homomorphic.
Definition (Closed set): The complement of an open set is called a "closed set". Sets in a topology can be open, close, both, or neither.
Definition (Connected): The topology is said to be conneted if the only subsets that are both open and closed are and . is connected.
Definition (Closure): If is a topological space, , the closure is the intersection of all open sets that contains .
NOTE Meaning "to make a set closed". Closure of a set is unique and is necessarily in the topology.
Definition (Interior, Boundary): Interior of is defined as the union of all the open sets contained in . The boundy of , denoted (or ), is defined as elements in but not the interior of , .
Definition (Hausdorff): A topological space is Hausdorff if any two distinct points can be included in two disjoint open sets.
One of the most powerful notions in topology is that of compactness, which is defined as follows.
Definition (Open cover): If is a topological space and a collection of open sets has , then is said to be an open cover of , and "covers" . Also if is a subset of , and , then is said to be an open cover of and "covers" . A subcollection of forms a subcover if it also covers (or ).
Definition (Compact space): If every open cover can be written as finite subcover, then the topological space is compact.
Definition (Open cover of a set, subcover of a set): If is a topological space and is a subset of . A open cover is a open cover of if .
A subcover that also covers is called a subcover of .
Definition (Compact subset): is said to be compact if every open cover of A has a finite subcover.
The relation ship between compact space and compact subset is given by these two theorems:
Compact subset of a Hausdorff space is closed.
Closed subset of a compact space is compect.
Heine-Borel Theorem. A closed interval of is compact.
Open interval is not compact (since the open cover has no finite subcover).
A subset of is compact iff it is closed and bounded.
NOTE A unbounded set can totally be closed. For example, is obviously unbounded and closed.
Let and be topological spaces. Suppose is compact and is continuous. Then is compact.
NOTE This transfers compactness through homeomorphisms.
A continuous function from a compact topological space into is bounded and attains its maximum and minimum values.
Tychonoff theorem: Product of compact topological spaces is compact. Given the axiom of choice, the number of such spaces can be infinite.
An application of these is that is compact, because 1) the sphere in is closed and bounded, therefore compact; 2) there is a continuous function from to .
Convergence of sequences
To extend the normal definition of sequence convergence, a sequence of points in a topological space is said to converge to point if . is called the limit of the sequence.
A point is said to be a accumulation point of if every open neiborhood of contains infinitely many points of the sequence.
NOTE The difference between a limit and an accumulation point is that the former requires a particular set of infinite points in . For example, the alternating sequence has two accumulation points and , but it does not have a limit.
Definition (First countable): For every point in , if there is a countable collection of open sets that for every neiborhood of , contains at least one element in .
Definition (Second countable): There is a countable collection of open sets that every open set can be written as the union of some of the sets in the collections. The sets in that collection are called basis.
NOTE The basis of a linear space is a collection of vectors, s.t. every vector in the space is a linear combination of the basis. The basis of a topological space is a collection of open sets, s.t. every opens set in the space is a union of the basis.
NOTE is second countable. Open balls with rational radii centered on rational coordinates can form a countable collection of open sets. NOTE Every second countable space is first countable.
The relationship between compactness and convergence of sequences is expressed by Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem:
Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem Let be a topological space and let
If is compact, then every infinite sequence of points in has a accumulation point lying in ;
Conversely, if is second countable and every sequence in has an accumulation point in , then is compact.
Thus, in particular, if is second countable, is compact iff every sequence in has a convergent subsequence whose limit lies in .
Definition (Neighborhood) Given in topological space , a neighborhood of is a subset of that includes an open set containing :
NOTE: may not be open, but it contains a open set that contains .
Definition (Refinement of an open cover): Open cover of is said to be a refinement of open cover of if .
NOTE Refinements forms a partially ordered set. NOTE Subcover is always a refinement of a open cover. A refinement of a open cover is not always a subcover.
Definition (Locally finite): is locally finite if each has an open neighborhood such that only finitely many satisfy .
NOTE Compactness requires a finite subcover, locally finiteness only requires a finte refinement. It is a weaker requirement.
Definition (Paracompactness): A space is paracompact if every open cover has a locally finite refinement.
NOTE: Locally finiteness is weaker than finitenes of subcovers. Therefore every compact space is paracompact.
NOTE: (wiki) Every metric space is paracompact. A topological space is metrizable if and only if it is a paracompact and locally metrizable Hausdorff space. Paracompactness has little to do with the notion of compactness, but rather more to do with breaking up topological space entities into manageable pieces.
A paracomact manifold implies:
admits a Riemannian metric and
is second countable.
The most important implication is that a paracompact manifold will have a partition of unity.
Definition (Partition of unity): If is a topological space, and is a set of continuous functions from to unit interval , such that for every point :
there is a neighborhood of where all but finite number of functions in are , and
the sum of all the functions at is :
This is for the ease of defining integrals on the manifold.
I was told that usually, a physics student can only master either GR or QFT, but not both at the same time. It will be an interesting experiment if I can start both since I'm not in a rush right now. So this is it. This is the textbook I will use: General Relativity by Robert M. Wald.
I was watching a OCW from UC Irvine on GR. It starts with some discussions about special relativistic. This one about perfect fluid caught me because is not obvious how the Euler equation is derived. So I did it here.
It is an interesting topic in astrophysics since most of the objects we study can be considered (general) relativistic perfect fluid. As a first step, perfect fluid in special relativity is studied.
Starting by write down the stress-energy tensor at a point . First create the reference frame at that point, and the tensor looks like
Then generalize it using Lorentz transformation:
where consider only the boost
where is the Lorentz factor, then the tensor is
Combine the equations:
To get the equation of motion, we can use the energy-momemtum conservation law: | <urn:uuid:29b7a3ea-266b-4138-9710-5ab0af07c06c> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://twbs.in/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511206.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017174543-20181017200043-00353.warc.gz | en | 0.933136 | 3,104 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Harvard Library Is Documenting Boston Marathon Medical Mementos
The project, called ‘Strong Medicine,’ is being run by the Countway Library’s Center for the History of Medicine.
While Iron Mountain is sorting and documenting the thousands of items left at the makeshift Boston Marathon memorial in Copley Square last year, Harvard’s Countway Library is collecting the thousands of photographs, cards, oral histories, and other materials that were sent to Boston’s medical professionals.
Harvard reps say that the project is capturing, digitizing, and archiving the stories, materials, and condolences received by the medical professionals who saved countless lives following the Boston Marathon bombings. The name of the project is “Strong Medicine” and it’s being run by the library’s Center for the History of Medicine in collaboration with Our Marathon at Northeastern University. The archive is an effort to build a permanent record for researchers and historians. Some examples of items collected include:
- A letter sent from a 10-year-old amputee to patients at Brigham and Women’s who lost limbs.
- Hand-crocheted blankets that Blankets for Boston sent to patients.
- Recorded interviews with medical professionals on what they experienced immediately after the bombing and following.
- Get well cards from children and classrooms from across the country.
Kathryn Hammond Baker, deputy director of the Center for the History of Medicine tells the Harvard Gazette that this is a unique moment. “People’s experiences are so vivid and strong, the medical community was so engaged with the public, and was so committed,” she said, adding that the archive, which encourages self-submissions of materials via its website, is an opportunity “for the public to really get a glimpse into what medicine is on the ground floor when it’s all happening.”
According to the Gazette:
In one of the archive’s many interviews with members of the local medical community, Alasdair Conn, then the chief of the department of emergency medicine at MGH, details the hospital’s response and explains how an alert system notified approximately 1,000 people connected to the hospital about the bombings. As part of the MGH plan, staff from other departments helped clear the emergency room of patients, freeing up beds for bombing victims. Conn also recounts how doctors and nurses calmly came together to save lives.
Organizers are hopeful that people will continue to submit materials to the archive in the coming weeks and months. The difference between this collection and others is that it focuses on the medical community and the efforts they made to save countless lives. The collection will be an important reminder in the years to come for young medical professionals to remember what their colleagues did and how so many lives were affected across the world. | <urn:uuid:302c2065-16eb-45a0-b6dc-09fc807239a2> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.bostonmagazine.com/health/blog/2014/04/15/harvard-library-documenting-boston-marathon-momentos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542665.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00004-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953705 | 581 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Humans have huge variation in physical ability because of exercise differences. Olympic athletes are a number of times stronger than average people on the street. It seems that variation in animals is very small, but I am wondering if one could force an animal to follow a specific program and eat specific food to get a lot stronger, agile.. than average animal of the same species.
When I visited the Cheetah Outreach Center in South Africa, the guides there told us that their captive cheetahs couldn't run nearly as fast as wild ones, and that wild ones were much more muscular than the ones in the center; their point being that actually having to run full-out or starve caused much more rigorous training than occasionally jogging after a fake rabbit on a string. That's supported by this article:
The cheetahs being studied didn’t come close to the speeds reported for wild cheetahs — the zoo animals reached 38 mph (61 kph), while the greyhounds topped out at 43 mph (68 kph).
The researchers said this was probably because the captive-born cheetahs have never really gotten the chance to let loose in the wild and run full throttle.
“They have lived in a zoo for several generations and have never had to run to catch food. They have probably never learned to run, particularly,” Wilson said.
Can animals train to be noticeably stronger, faster, more agile.. than other animals of the same species?
Yes, of course!
Humans are animals, so yes! But even in non-human animals. You can look for example in tutorial on how to train a dog (or a horse) for specific skills (speed, high jump, long jump, etc...).
It seems that variation in animals is very small
Such a general statement can only be wrong. Consider dogs as example. The fastest dogs go at 72 km/h (~45 mph) while many dog breeds barely reach 5 km/h (~3 mph; and they're all consider of the same species). So, there is a lot of genetic variation among dogs.
Now when it comes to variation caused by training it is a little harder to estimate. Consider having a look at Guy and Snow (1977), McKeever et al. (1987), Evans and Rose (1987) and Rivero and Piercy (2008). For what it is worth, note for example that trained racing horse can go up to 70km/h while most horses can go only up to 40-45 km/h. There are a number of studies showing the effect of training on horses.
Definitely when it comes to horses. They are selectively bred for generations to work in different sports: dressage, show jumping, endurance, racing and so on. As one example: to train a horse for olympic level dressage takes ten years or more in order to build muscles and coordination.
Some example of horse sports, several of them describes how horses are trained: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equestrian_sports#Olympic_disciplines
Wild animals may have less variation in traits such as speed of running, if they predominantly eat similar diets, and if the slow ones are regularly getting eaten and failing to breed. Wild animals likely run at around the optimal speed for their environment.
The process of training implies some level of domestication - humans protecting the animals, perhaps modifying their diet, and expecting them to perform a service in return. In this situation, the animal's day-to-day activities would likely change, together with the change in diet. Animals' physiology tend to be able to change substantially in response to these kind of environmental and behavioural changes (phenotypic plasticity).
So I guess the answer is yes to whether animals can be trained to perform differently, but the question of whether they would want to is maybe open.
There are actually two questions here:
- Can animals train to be noticeably stronger, faster, more agile.. than other animals of the same species?'
As a couple other have stated, yes. This is in fact evident in horse racing, dog racing, dog agility course competitions, and a few other similar competitions. If animals couldn't be trained to become stronger/faster then those sports would not exist as they are.
- Is there natural variation in strength/agility/speed/etc in animals they way there is in humans?
This question is implied by your statement "It seems that variation in animals is very small..." In fact, statistical analysis asserts that virtually every measurable difference between organisms falls on a Normal Distribution (see also Bell Curve). However, this only works if we compares like populations, or "apples with apples". For example, I certainly would not compare a bull dog's running speed with that of a whippet (racing dog similar to a greyhound, and a cool Devo song). But if I compared all whippets then they would be normally distributed. Now, if I had a trained whippet vs a non-trained whippet then we are again going to run in to problems (see point 1).
Here is the thing with the normal distribution though, 68% of the population lies within 1 standard deviation of the average. This means that over 2/3 of the population is pretty close to average. Further, 95% of the population lies within 2 standard deviations of the average.
Here is a slightly more real example of this: The average height of men worldwide is roughly 5'10" and the standard deviation is roughly 3". Thus 68% of men world wide are between 5'7"and 6'1" tall. (Yes, I'm rounding these numbers a bit but you get the point.) You can do something similar with weight, strength, etc, though certain attributes are difficult to measure.
What does this really mean? Well, the natural speed of say a cheetah in the wild is normally distributed. That is, if we could measure them all. However, in the wild not all cheetahs survive. As part of survival, only the fastest and strongest survive so what we actually have is a much smaller set. This is why animals might appear to have less variation.
If you look then you can see the variations in nature. Go to a park and stop and look at the pigeons. Some are actually quite fat while others are not. | <urn:uuid:a324b26f-0b67-4d35-bfd4-7fb1246176c4> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/76455/can-animals-train-to-be-noticeably-stronger-faster-more-agile-than-other-ani | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511175.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017132258-20181017153758-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963442 | 1,320 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau just announced the start of a major review of our water laws.
Four years ago, the Harper government removed protections from 99% of the lakes and rivers in Canada. Harper gutted the laws that protect freshwater in Canada, including the Navigable Waters Protection Act, the Fisheries Act, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and more.
This paved the way for industrial projects that could threaten water. Water sources for municipalities and Indigenous communities are vulnerable to dams, mining, pipelines, logging, fish farms, liquefied fracked gas terminals and more.
Lakes and rivers in Canada must be protected under federal legislation. But Big Oil, which lobbied the Harper government to exempt mega-pipelines from regulation under the Navigable Waters Protection Act, doesn’t want these protections restored. So right now they are using their deep pockets and political connections to lobby our new government to keep things as they were under Harper.
That’s why it’s critical that you speak up now. The federal government is asking for your input on its review of two key pieces of legislation by July 20, 2016.
Here are talking points for the letter:
The Harper omnibus budget bills made changes to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act that resulted in the cancellation of nearly 3,000 environmental assessments. The scope of environmental assessments was also narrowed.
Comprehensive environmental studies no longer need to include information such as:
- The impact on navigable waters or any unique or special resources.
- The “components of the environment that are likely to be affected by the project and a summary of potential environmental effects” and information relating to the terrain, water bodies, air and vegetation that would give federal authorities a more accurate picture of the environment that may be impacted by the activity.
- The name, width and depth of any waterway affected by the project and a description of how the waterway is likely to be affected.
- Environmental studies must assess the impacts of projects on all waterways.
- Pipelines were completely exempted from regulation under the Navigable Waters Protection Act. The Energy East pipeline is an example of a project that is moving forward without scrutiny of how it will impact navigation and waterways. The 4,600-kilometre pipeline would cross and endanger 2,963 identified waterways and countless smaller streams and wetlands along the way.
- Restore and enhance water legislation so that waterways are fully protected.
- Restore the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act to include the impact of projects on waterways. Restore protections for all lakes, rivers and waterways under the Navigable Waters Protection Act, which was renamed the Navigation Protection Act by the Harper government.
- Hold public consultations and independent expert panels, and incorporate feedback to strengthen freshwater laws.
- Consult with Indigenous communities on a nation-to-nation basis and incorporate the obligation to obtain free, prior and consent into water legislation so that Indigenous treaty and water rights are respected.
- Implement strict safeguards for waterways within the framework of the United Nations-recognized human right to water.
- Establish a community consultation process that fosters true collaboration between communities and government so regulatory agencies implement community recommendations on an ongoing basis. | <urn:uuid:ef2b0529-9e90-4198-a1e3-04b2362f7fba> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://www.ethicalactionalert.com/2016/07/protect-every-lake-every-river-sign-by.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825916.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214140721-20181214162221-00139.warc.gz | en | 0.935183 | 649 | 2.953125 | 3 |
There are many different types of addictions, but some are more common in America than others. This is determined by many factors, such as availability, price as well as the effects different substances have on the user. Below are the seven most common addictions by the numbers.
Despite the fact that tobacco is responsible for the deaths of nearly half a million Americans each year, an estimated 70.9 million Americans continue to abuse tobacco products for their nicotine content. While studies differ in their findings on the number of tobacco users that are addicted to nicotine, major studies have shown that 85% of people who try to quit using tobacco relapse in a week or less. Nicotine is widely abused in America largely due to its legal status, its accessibility and its addictiveness.
Alcohol is the most commonly used addictive substance in America. Over 17.6 million Americans suffer from alcohol dependence, while millions of other Americans engage in dangerous alcohol-related behaviors such as binge drinking that could lead to alcohol dependency. In fact, alcoholism is the third-leading lifestyle-related cause of death in America. One of the main reasons alcohol is such a prevalent addiction is due to its accessibility. Anyone aged 21 or older can legally purchase alcohol, making it easy to obtain and harder to detect if someone is an alcoholic or casual drinker.
According to a recent study by Yale, 1 in 20 Americans meet the criteria for a food addiction. Food addiction is so prevalent in America due to the fact that fatty, sugary foods are everywhere and offer the brain a cheap and legal dopamine (the brain’s pleasure hormone) fix. Food addiction can lead to many physical complications such as diabetes or obesity, yet it’s often not considered a “real” addiction despite its high prevalence.
Nearly 12 million people suffer from sex addiction in America. Sexual addiction occurs when someone engages in persistent and escalating patterns of sexual behavior despite experiencing negative consequences. While some people think that sex is not an addiction since nothing is ingested, sex addicts become addicted to the hormones that are released during sexual activity.
Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in America. A recent study found that 4.2 million Americans are dependent on marijuana while millions of others use marijuana recreationally. Due to the increasing number of states that are legalizing marijuana, many people wrongly assume that marijuana is both harmless and non-addictive, when, in fact, marijuana addicts make up 61% of all Americans who are dependent on illicit substances.
Prescription Pain Relievers
The abuse of prescription pain relievers, especially those classified as opiates, is a growing epidemic in America. An estimated 2.1 millionAmericans are currently suffering from addictions to prescription pain relievers while thousands of others are not yet addicted but are abusing pain relievers recreationally. Researchers believe that this growing trend is due to the drastic increase in the number of prescriptions being written and the false belief that since prescription drugs are medications, they cannot be harmful.
Recent studies have found that approximately 1.4 million Americans are addicted to cocaine. As the second most trafficked illegal drug in the world, cocaine is fairly accessible to the many Americans who abuse it. One of the reasons for the high prevalence of cocaine addiction is due to its reputation as a “party drug.” Many people become addicted to cocaine after taking it recreationally at social events or clubs. However, cocaine is not only addictive—it’s dangerous. Nearly a quarter of all drug-related emergency room visits were cocaine-related.
Feature Image: GoToVan | <urn:uuid:cdb24f31-3940-436a-aabe-a57ab984c0ab> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.teenrehab.org/resources/about-addiction/common-addictions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986700560.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20191020001515-20191020025015-00551.warc.gz | en | 0.957244 | 720 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Internal controls are business processes that provide reasonable assurance regarding several key business objectives: that the business is operating efficiently, that reporting is reliable and that the business is in compliance with applicable regulations and internal procedures. Auditors rely on the system of internal controls when giving a favorable opinion to financial statements. In many cases, internal control is also an effective deterrent to employee fraud.
Rules for Business
The concept of internal control is one of the most basic in accounting and auditing practice. Simply defined, internal controls are mechanisms, rules or procedures designed to promote the proper functioning of accounting processes in a business. In other words, internal controls define how things will be done. In his book "Principles of Internal Controls," Alan Trenerry says they are a system of controls and checks in a company's accounting process but also in other operational areas such as safety. Internal controls are often designed to overlap to more effectively protect a company's assets, Trenerry says.
Important to Auditors
Independent auditors, who evaluate a company’s accounting records to give an opinion as to the accuracy of financial statements, rely heavily on the presence of accounting processes or internal controls in forming their opinions. Books that are carefully kept and in order can increase an auditor’s confidence in the reliability of a company’s financial statements.
As part of their job to determine the accuracy of financials, auditors run tests of the various accounting processes and procedures. When accounting procedures are properly set up and implemented, errors are averted and employee fraud is less likely to occur.
An independent auditor will want to see if things are being done in accordance with company policy. When the auditor’s tests reveal that a sound system of internal controls is in place, the auditor may be able to reduce the amount of testing required.
Burden on Management
Company management is responsible for establishing, maintaining and enforcing a secure system of internal control. The cost of such a system can be high. As a result, management must weigh the cost associated with design and implementation of internal controls and accounting processes against the potential benefit.
While individuals who commit fraud are experts at getting around internal controls, a sound system can reduce the opportunities for fraud. Most people prefer not to break rules or go around established procedures. When individuals who are tempted to cheat observe a strong system of internal controls in place, they are less likely to try going around the system.
To be most effective, internal controls should include a prescribed punishment for violation. When employees understand that violators will be held accountable, they become even less likely to circumvent internal controls. In instances where an internal control is not enough to discourage or prevent the employee fraud, it may enable honest employees to catch those who are stealing from the company.
Most business owners or managers think of internal control implementation as an added cost, rather than a savings to the company. When properly implemented, however, internal controls can improve the bottom line of a business by reducing inefficiency and fraud.
- "Principles of Internal Control": Alan Trenerry
- Jupiterimages/Comstock/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:ce6097b2-3c5e-4c36-af45-0b910c1a8bf5> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://smallbusiness.chron.com/internal-controls-accounting-43168.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578596541.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423074936-20190423100936-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.951386 | 630 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Google is swift at improving its algorithms to find the relationship among the various terms in blog content. Thanks to the latent semantic indexing and topic modeling algorithms.
So what is keyword proximity?
Keyword proximity refers to the distance between words of a single search term. Distance is the number of words between them
If your target search keyword is, "coconut headphones".
The distance between the words, "coconut" and "headphones" should be close to each other for higher proximity.
You can write a sentence in several ways, the below sentences are arranged in priority order.
- Coconut headphone is the most creative way to make use of the coconut (no distance between the words.)
- Making headphone with the help of coconuts is the most creative way to use coconuts (some distance)
- Using coconuts for making listening devices. It is the most creative way to make use of coconuts (included semantic keywords)
In the second one, the distance between the words "coconut" and "headphones" is more. Include one or two instances of this in the blog content.
In the third example, I have used the term "listening devices" instead of headphones. It is the perfect example for LSI keywords. Including this kind of sentences often in the blog post helps to boost rankings.
Many of the SEO geeks think that Keyword proximity refers to only main keywords. However, there is also a proximity stuff for semantic keywords. Using related keywords close to each other is known as semantic closeness. Google uses this as a ranking signal.
Google treats semantic keywords as a better alternative to main keywords.
Must read: How to Do Semantic Keyword Research
Using semantic keywords in important places (title, URL…) of a web page is discouraged. Only use semantically related keywords within the body of the main content.
Keyword proximity and Google
Google, while understanding the meaning of the blog content, looks at the closeness of the main keywords. As long as the keywords appear in the paragraph, it concludes that the paragraph is about the keyword.
For example, consider the below paragraph.
To increase SEO of a blog post, you have to create high-quality content. You should concentrate on earning backlinks, rather than building or buying them. Regularly linking out to good sites also may help. By this, you can increase the SEO of a blog post.
Analyze the above paragraph. I have begun and ended the paragraph with "increase the SEO".
Why is that so?
By reading the above paragraph, Google can understand the meaning of it. By looking at the ending of the above paragraph, Google determines that the paragraph is still about increasing SEO.
Look at this Google patent to know how Google looks at keyword proximity.
- If there is an inherent relationship between the two paragraphs of a content, include a commonly related keyword in both paragraphs.
"The closer the keywords are placed, the greater the relation is between the two paragraphs according to Google."
- There should be little or no distance between the keywords in the blog post title or URL. Keyword proximity does not apply to the keyword prominent places on a web page. Include no stop words between the terms. Stop words dilute the relation between the keywords to some extent (only in keyword prominent places).
Hope this blog post has helped you. I hope you understood the concept of keyword proximity and its role in SEO.
It is one of the advanced SEO thing used today to rank higher. Always target to keep the proximity higher.
Liked this post? Do share and comment. | <urn:uuid:211a9f6e-1e8a-42ef-9ebe-d882f482d90c> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.gobloggingtips.com/keyword-proximity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267162385.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925202648-20180925223048-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.93917 | 750 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Health of you Kidney and Liver reflects on Your Skin. Learn how
- Skin & Hair Care Consultant
The liver and kidneys are important organs in the digestive system of the body. Most skin problems are a result of poor digestion and it is important to diagnose these skin conditions to identify the real problem that may lie with the kidney or liver. Here we tell you how your skin reflects your liver and kidney health.
Liver health and your skin:
The liver is the largest and most complicated organ in our body. It performs close to 500 functions including cleansing, detoxifying, storing essential vitamins and sugar for the body, and it most importantly produces protein without which the body may not function at all.
The liver detoxifies the blood by filtering toxins that accumulate in our body through the food we eat, pollution, and more as urine through kidneys and as bile through the colon.
If your liver is unable to detoxify properly, toxins build up in the system creating free radicals causing skin damage – one of the early signs of liver disease.
Here are some skin issues caused by poor functioning of kidneys:
1. Jaundice – Yellow discoloration of skin, nails and eyes
2. Sallow skin – pale and dry skin
3. Adult acne or uneven skin tone
4. Psoriasis, eczema or dermatitis – Itchy patches on the skin
5. Rashes and skin sores
6. Wrinkles and sagging skin
7. Dark circles under the eyes
8. Brownish age spots or blemishes
9. Body odour and bad breath
10. Visible spider veins
Besides skin problems, your liver problems may also cause frequent headaches, fatigue, unexplained weight loss or gain.
The easiest way to treat your liver problems is to eat healthy. Include fibre rich food and liver friendly food like cabbage, cauliflower etc.
Consult your dermatologist to treat permanently repair the skin damage caused by the liver.
Skin problems related to kidneys:
Symptoms of kidney problems often go unnoticed for a long time by which the diseases progress from bad to worse. Almost all patients with kidney related issues have skin conditions that when properly diagnosed can help them recover in the early stages.
Kidneys function by flushing out toxins and waste from the body along with urine. When your kidneys aren’t functioning properly, wastes accumulate in the body causing various forms of skin diseases. Wastes like uric acid etc. can cause severe itching that may feel ‘deep’ within the skin.
Here are some skin problems that are symptoms of renal failure and other kidney diseases:
1. Itchy rashes
2. Uraemic pruritus – daily bouts of itching that tend to worsen at night and may prevent sleep
3. Xerosis – Dry, scaly skin with fissures
5. Changes in pallor of skin
6. Yellow discoloration of skin – caused due to the build up to carotenoid depositions on skin
Avoid complications in the early stages by diagnosing your skin condition in the early stages. Visit a trustworthy dermatologist for skin that is beautiful and healthy from a glow that stems from within. | <urn:uuid:c45ae21d-b683-49ad-b0c3-30ef665ad6da> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.skinandhairacademy.in/article/how-your-kidney-and-liver-health-reflects-on-your-skin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104496688.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220704202455-20220704232455-00524.warc.gz | en | 0.915604 | 671 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The Collective Prevention Services (CPS), a department within the Sint Maarten Ministry of Public Health, Social Development & Labour, is calling on the community and in particular parents and guardians, day care centers and play schools, to take preventive measures to mitigate Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) as well as Chicken Pox, by taking extra measures to prevent the aforementioned by washing hands often with soap and water.
CPSs communicable diseases surveillance system has picked up a number of cases within the community of the aforementioned.
Parents/guardians who have a child exhibiting any symptoms of HFMD or Chicken Pox, and has an appointment with the Baby Wellness Clinic, are hereby requested to call to reschedule the child’s appointment.
HFMD is a common viral illness that usually affects infants and children who are 10-years of age or younger. It can sometimes occur in adults. There is no vaccine to protect against the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Symptoms of HFMD include cold-like conditions, fever, mouth sores, loss of appetite, cough, and a skin rash; a non-itchy red rash that develops on the hand and the feet, and sometimes the rash can develop into painful blisters; painful mouth ulcers.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is spread from person to person through nose and throat secretions (such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus), blister fluid, or stool of infected persons. When handling secretions, it is advisable to apply the necessary preventive measures.
Persons with symptoms should consult their family physician and take necessary preventive measures in order to mitigate an increase number of cases.
To lower your risk of being infected with hand, foot and mouth disease, wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after changing diapers and using the toilet; disinfecting dirty surfaces and soiled items, including toys.
First wash the items with soap and water, and then disinfect them with a solution of chlorine bleach; and avoiding close contact such as kissing, hugging, thumb-sucking, nail-chewing or sharing eating utensils or cups with infected persons.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is not the same as foot and mouth disease, which affects cattle, sheep and pigs. The two infections are unrelated, and you cannot catch hand, foot and mouth disease from animals.
Chicken Pox is usually a mild disease in children. But the itching can be very uncomfortable. Chicken Pox spreads easily through airborne droplets, when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread by touching/making contact with the fluid from blisters.
Susceptible persons are 80 to 90 per cent at risk of getting the disease once exposed to it. Chicken Pox is a disease caused by infection with the varicella zoster virus, which causes fever and an itchy rash.
Not all infected individuals have fever, which develops just before or when the rash appears.
Symptoms can include a skin rash of blister-like lesions, covering the body but usually more concentrated on the face, scalp, and trunk.
The patient is infectious from the onset of symptoms until all spots have gone. One attack usually confers life-long immunity, although the virus may reactivate at a later date and cause shingles.
Children with Chicken Pox usually must miss school or childcare for at least a week to avoid spreading the virus to others.
Considering it is airborne, use take hand cough preventive measures and disinfect/sanitize surroundings.
In most cases Chicken Pox is not a serious health threat but life-threatening complications can occur and include the following:
• Bacterial infection of the skin and tissues under the skin (including group A streptococcal infections)
• Dehydration (loss of body fluids) from vomiting or diarrhea
• Pneumonia (lung infection)
• Encephalitis (brain swelling). Most cases are mild, but some can be deadly.
No one can predict who will get serious complications from the disease.
If your child or you have any of these symptoms, consult your family physician; agencies and/or institutions taking care of babies, toddlers etc. The aforementioned are requested to be on the alert and to take preventive measures by taking proper cleaning and hygienic measures.
For more information call CPS at 542-1122, 542-1222, 542-1322 and 542-1570; or email email@example.com | <urn:uuid:05bf96e4-dbd4-49c8-8995-b1db22156efa> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://sxmgovernment.com/2019/09/29/stmaartenhealth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250626449.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200124221147-20200125010147-00420.warc.gz | en | 0.942826 | 938 | 3.25 | 3 |
Sleep. We hear it’s good for us, but why do the majority of us get too little of it or the sleep we do get just feels crummy. Unfortunately, continual poor sleep habits can lead to potential health problems, poor performance, lack of focus, and decreased memory function. Benefits of sleep that we may not be aware of are its positive relationship with exercise. With just a little bit more effort, awareness, and prioritization, you might be a step or two away from catching a few more zzz’s.
Researchers are not completely sure why we sleep, but hundreds of studies have shown the negative and positive effects that sleep has on our body. Some key benefits of sleep are improved mood, alertness, concentration, clarity, energy, and memory retention. Sleep can also affect how our body responds to internal threats from bacteria, viruses, and other invaders. When it comes to exercise, optimal sleep can improve your ability to train harder, heal your body’s tissue faster, and reduce the likelihood of injury. This is why many professional athletes sleep up to 13 hours a day!
What’s necessary for me to have good quality sleep? There are three categories for optimal sleep:
- Quality- how well you sleep through the night (waking up to go to the bathroom, difficulty going to sleep, restlessness during the period of sleep)
- Quantity- On average, adults should be sleeping between 7-9 hours a day.
- Timing- Chronotype (morning lark or night owl). Factors like jobs and childcare can throw one’s natural preference off.
As most of us would agree that sleep is important, there are many factors that are out of our control when it comes to acquiring good quality sleep (i.e. job demands, caring for a baby, sleep disorders, stress, etc.). What we can do is prioritize and practice strategies to manage the factors that we have control over.
Here are some tips that can help in snagging those extra zzz’s:
- Define your sleep time and stick to it as best you can- “I’m going to bed every night by no later than 10:30pm.”
- Minimize light in the room and from e-devices 30 minutes before sleeping.
- Write a to-do list to avoid thinking of the following day’s tasks.
- Establish relaxing habits before bed- take a warm shower, do breathing exercises, perform gentle stretches, read a ‘real’ book in low light)
- Keep the room as dark as possible when sleeping.
- Soft white noise can be beneficial for improving stages of deeper sleep.
- If sleep was a challenge, take a cat nap (around 20 minutes) between 1-4pm.
Just like exercise, it requires prioritizing your sleep, addressing bad behaviors, and implementing good pre-sleep habits. If you have other helpful tips for sleeping, please share in the comments below! | <urn:uuid:1c4e21ad-1726-4dd3-a6c9-b830a24b22b8> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://zenrockfitness.com/2020/10/yawn-sleep-how-can-we-get-more-of-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703514121.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210118030549-20210118060549-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.93879 | 619 | 2.984375 | 3 |
40+ Character-Building Books for Middle Schoolers. Twilight. 10 Books for Middle Schoolers to Read Over the Summer. A staff selection of titles for middle schoolers. When Jonas is selected as the role of the Receiver of Memory, he begins to learn the dark secrets of his community. They aren’t happy. Each volume covered a decade of 20 th-century American history and … For those parishes who have subscribed to FORMED, if you have not already registered, you can do so here simply by selecting your parish. Thanksgiving Music Therapy Ideas for Middle & High Schoolers I don’t know about you, but I’m really looking forward to Thanksgiving next week. The Best Book-Report Books for Middle Schoolers. In this classic among WW2 books for middle school, a family leaves Berlin in 1933 moving to Switzerland, France and England. Six wildly different middle school students are called to school over vacation in order to discover who vandalized another student’s project. Middle-schooler Kate's parents own a small-town book store. Topics: Reading. No need to dread a book report! WWII Picture Books Can Be Great for Middle Grades Too. Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh creates an annual booklist encouraging middle school students to read for the fun of it! Carrying this loss and his grandfatherâ s love of music, Clayton goes to Washington Square Park in New York City to join his grandfatherâ s old blues band. Posts about Choral Music for Middle School written by montessori21stcentury. This book contains affiliate links. So for every person who grew up and went to middle school during the 2000s, this reading list is for you. A great option for the kid who loves music. Share this article Send. Book Clubs: Middle school students love social issues book clubs which focus on topics like income equality and fair working conditions (Uprising) or Civil Rights (The Watsons Go To Birmingham). By Sandie Angulo Chen. For generations, young people all over the world have taken an interest in social justice and found the courage to fight for their own rights and the rights of others. It’s nearly impossible not to be fascinated by the mysterious expanse of the universe. ... Below are some unique reading books, resources and additional holiday hands-on activities: Christmas Homeschooling Activities, Books… I mean, it’s MIDDLE SCHOOL, after all! ... You’ll find music videos, musical numbers from cinema and theater, kids’ singalongs, commercial jingles and much, much more. Inspiring Books for ELL Students in Middle School. Question: What type of music technology activities can I do with my middle school students? There is nothing quite like kids putting together a theater production, and reading these middle grade books for theater kids brought me back to my own eighth grade theater experience, a production of Tom Sawyer.I was cast as Becky Thatcher and had my first kiss on stage during a rehearsal in front of my whole grade. Books About Bullying for Middle Schoolers These great reads help kids learn how to notice and react to the bullying they can witness at this age — whether or not they're the victim. From astronaut chickens to the final word on that controversial dwarf planet Pluto, here are 27 children’s outer space books to celebrate National Astronomy Day (September 30) and fuel the interplanetary interests of elementary and middle school readers. 1. All too often, students decide early on that advanced math classes will not be on their agenda because these classes just seem too difficult and mysterious, and they cannot picture themselves succeeding. You may even think I’m crazy to suggest that there are 10 captivating poetry books for middle schoolers. For this reason, middle school is the best time to embed a love of music in your students. Great picks for middle school readers. Ahmed, Samira. Harry Potter 2. World war 2 books for middle school students are realistic in their treatment of the holocaust. Investigating Composers The Confession I have a confession to make. The site provides guides to literature, bestselling books, poetry, Shakespeare, U.S. history, civics, music, economics, and more. Classes tend to follow this structure: Lecture after lecture, handout after handout,… In fact, I’ve been enjoying facilitating Thanksgiving-themed musical experiences all month (and … This books looks at the escape of a Jewish family from Nazi-occupied Denmark. In some cases they are already on the educational path that will lead to their future career. The Little Ships: The Heroic Rescue at Dunkirk in World War II by Louise Borden, though a picture book, tells the tale of the miraculous rescue of the thousands of British and French soldiers across the English Channel. Ver en español. (Updated October 2019) Internment. He speaks across the country on the topic of technology in music education, is the author of a blog called techinmusiced.com , and has two books on the subject available on the iBookstore. Receive book suggestions, reading tips, educational activities, and great deals. ! In light of the current climate, ... music, and a teaching from one of the top Catholic youth ministry speakers in the country. ... or child. Ages. The middle-school years mean bigger leaps, and greater connections, in these two disciplines. Don’t underestimate the power of picture books for middle grades! Middle School can be a tricky time to convince kids that poetry has a meaningful place in their lives. Many times, children are given dates to memorize, and a list of occurrences to remember. Middle Grade Books about the Immigrant Experience Shooting Kabul by N.H. Senzai. Here are a few engaging, fun and creative music tech projects that are perfect for middle … They all love to talk about books, but talking about religion is a different matter. Christopher J. Russell, Ph.D, is a middle school choir teacher at Oltman Middle School in St. Paul Park, Minnesota, which is part of the South Washington County School District. I am still trying to… One parent is Christian. I’ve included more than 100 picture books for middle school students below. of interest to students in the middle school grades. If it's fiction, students can dissect plot, theme, and characters. The 2018 Awesome Books for Middle Schoolers booklist includes diverse books in a variety of formats and genres selected by CLP Teen Specialists. Shmoop - Shmoop offers an excellent collection of fun and lively study guides created by teachers and education experts. Books for Middle-Schoolers Books (of any genre) that are great for middle school readers. Video, audio, or book. Finally, there’s a way for middle schoolers to experience the magic that was “The Breakfast Club.” Well, sort of. We love physical books in our home. *If the book is part of a series, please inlude the first book of the series only. Subject. Here are fifteen inspiring middle grade books that prove you’re never too young to stand up for what you believe in … You may see some books on the list that you’ve read with younger children before. Inspired loosely by her husband’s escape and migration to America, N.H. Senzai writes a tender and powerful story about a young boy reeling from his sister getting left behind during his family’s escape from war-torn Afghanistan. Grade level: 3 to 7. Here are 20 to explore. As a middle-schooler, I was obsessed with a series of Time Life books called This Fabulous Century. Multicultural chapter books are sometimes difficult to find- but so worth it! Although this book is out of print in the US, it is available for free as an e-book. I promised to myself to read all those books in 10 years because there were 50 books on that list. Themes: Race, death and loss, music, family. Children begin middle school at age 11 as pre-teens, with the curiosity of a child. March 30, 2020. I don’t teach middle school but love many of these books so yo u helped me make my summer reading list On Mon, May 21, 2018 at 12:31 PM, Pernille Ripp wrote: > Pernille Ripp posted: “As has been the tradition of the last three years, > my students are ending the year with the best book of the year speech. Great books for your eager readers to devour this season. To. The New York Times Best Sellers are up-to-date and authoritative lists of the most popular books in the United States, based on sales in … 11-13. 5 Book Series for Middle School Boys. Music history has been an interest of mine, and I have wanted to develop a set of lessons that students find engaging. Number The Stars by Lois Lowry. That means swimsuits, beach trips, summer camp, and loads of summer reading. I recently published my book Calculus for Middle Schoolers, and I hope I can convince you to take a look and hopefully recommend it. Faith Resources for Middle Schoolers. It is remarkable to think of how much we have learned in recent years and even more remarkable to think about how Dr. Samuel Orton and Anna Gillingham managed to develop instructional techniques that have stood the test of time without the benefit of functional MRIs and modern neurological research. While I was there, I stumbled along the aisle with all of the popular "middle-school" reads and it made me think back to my middle school years and all of the amazing series of books I had read. Forget about poetry, right!? When kids find titles that are engaging, interesting, and thought-provoking, they're hooked. Manga for Middle Schoolers: Guide and Recommendations by Amanda Pagan, Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library (SNFL) February 4, 2019 Guide to Manga for Middle Graders Whether you are a parent, guardian, educator, or librarian, you might find yourself at a loss when a middle grader asks for a manga recommendation if you have never read a manga before. Usually, when I know a series is good, I will purchase the series so that they can remain on our shelves - available to be read again or to be loaned out to friends. Get 10% off your first order at … Message Most kids are just trying to survive middle school! School's out for summer! On FluentU, all the videos are sorted by skill level and are carefully annotated for students. I have been searching high and low, researching leading authors with diverse voices and from different backgrounds, who tell fascinating stories that are sprinkled with culture. This is by no means an exhaustive list because there are so, so many picture books that could be appropriate for middle school students to read. It’s almost as if the music gods said, “Here, middle schoolers: We know you have acne, and braces, and are going through puberty, so … Montessori21stCentury’s Weblog. Skip to Main ... Music Shelf Talk Blog Suggest a Title What's New What's Popular A-Z Books ... Books for Middle Schoolers. This book is about black middle schooler Clayton Bird, who loses his grandfather. As a culminating activity to such book clubs, my students will book talk their group’s selection to the rest of the class, and teach their classmates about the issue. By Scholastic Parents Staff . This question has been popping up a bit lately on Facebook and in my emails. When I was a college student, I saw a list of essential math books on a blog. There is no pain, no differences, no suffering, but also no music, color, joy, or love. From. By the time they finish middle school at age 13 they are full-blown teenagers. 3. | <urn:uuid:6b2fe2ea-f1f5-4a96-b397-bc760ed25c15> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://motorestjavorina.sk/rvxscojb/be8bb9-books-about-music-for-middle-schoolers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988774.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210507025943-20210507055943-00426.warc.gz | en | 0.956437 | 2,447 | 2.546875 | 3 |
© Dr Sarah J Buckley MD 2009
This article may be copied and circulated for personal use and also for use by birth professionals, provided that all information is retained and credited. For permission to translate, publish or post online, please contact Sarah via her website www.sarahjbuckley.com
Excerpted from the book Gentle Birth, Gentle Mothering: the wisdom and science of gentle choices in pregnancy, birth and parenting (One Moon Press, 2005)
For more information about the amazing placenta and placenta rituals, , see Sarah’s new book Gentle Birth, Gentle Mothering: A Doctor’s Guide to Natural Childbirth and Gentle Early Parenting Choices (Celestial Arts, 2009) available worldwide.and at www.sarahjbuckley.com
Lotus birth is the practice of leaving the umbilical cord uncut, so that the baby remains attached to his/her placenta until the cord naturally separates at the umbilicus- exactly as a cut cord does- at 3 to 10 days after birth. This prolonged contact can be seen as a time of transition, allowing the baby to slowly and gently let go of his/her attachment to the mother’s body.
Although we have no written records of cultures which leave the cord uncut, many traditional peoples hold the placenta in high esteem. For example, Maori people from New Zealand bury the placenta ritually on the ancestral marae, and the Hmong, a hill tribe from South East Asia, believe that the placenta must be retrieved after death to ensure physical integrity in the next life: a Hmong baby’s placenta is buried inside the house of its birth.
Lotus Birth is a new ritual for us, having only been described in chimpanzees before 1974, when Clair Lotus Day- pregnant and living in California- began to question the routine cutting of the cord. Her searching led her to an obstetrician who was sympathetic to her wishes, and her son Trimurti was born in hospital and taken home with his cord uncut. Lotus Birth was named by, and seeded through Clair to Jeannine Parvati Baker in the US and Shivam Rachana in Australia, who have both been strong advocates for this gentle practice.
Since 1974, many babies have been born this way, including babies born at home and in hospital, on land and in water, and even by caesarean section. Lotus birth is a beautiful and logical extension of natural childbirth, and invites us to reclaim the so-called third stage of birth, and to honour the placenta, our baby’s first source of nourishment.
I am a New Zealand GP (family MD in America), and have 4 children born at home in my adopted country, Australia. I have experienced Lotus birth with my second and subsequent children, after being drawn to it during my second pregnancy through contact with Shivam Rachana at the Centre for Human Transformation in Yarra Glen, near Melbourne. Lotus birth made sense to me at the time, as I remembered my time training in GP obstetrics, and the strange and uncomfortable feeling of cutting through the gristly, fleshy cord that connects baby to placenta and mother. The feeling for me was like cutting through a boneless toe, and it felt good to avoid this cutting with my coming baby.
Through the CHT I spoke with women who had chosen this for their babies, and experienced a beautiful post-natal time. Some women also described their Lotus-Birth child’s self-possession and completeness. Others described it as a challenge, practically and emotionally. Nicholas, my partner, was concerned that it might interfere with the magic of those early days, but agreed to go along with my wishes.
Zoe, our second child, was born at home on the 10th of September 1993. Her placenta was, unusually, an oval shape, which was perfect for the red velvet placenta bag that I had sewn. Soon after the birth, we wrapped her placenta in a cloth nappy, then in the placenta bag, and bundled it up with her in a shawl that enveloped both of them. Every 24 hours, we attended to the placenta by patting it dry, coating it liberally with salt, and dropping a little lavender oil onto it. Emma, who was 2, was keen to be involved in the care of her sister’s placenta.
As the days passed, Zoe’s cord dried from the umbilical end, and became thin and brittle. It developed a convenient 90 degree kink where it threaded through her clothes, and so did not rub or irritate her. The placenta, too, dried and shrivelled due to our salt treatment, and developed a slightly meaty smell, which interested our cat!
Zoe’s cord separated on the 6th day, without any fuss; other babies have cried inconsolably or held their cord tightly before separation. We planted her placenta under a mandarin tree on her first birthday, which our dear friend and neighbour Annie later dug up and put in a pot when we moved interstate. She told us later that the mandarins from the tree were the sweetest she had ever tasted.
Our third child, Jacob Patrick, was born on the 25th September 1995, at home into water. Jacob and I stayed in the water for some time after the birth, so we floated his placenta in a plastic ice-cream carton (with the lid on, and a corner cut out for the cord) while I nursed him. This time, we put his placenta in a sieve to drain for the first day. I neither dressed nor carried Jacob at this time, but stayed in a still space with him, while Nicholas cared for Emma, 4, and Zoe, 2. His cord separated in just under 4 days, and I felt that he drank deeply of the stillness of that time.
His short “breaking forth” time was perfect because my parents arrived from New Zealand the following day to help with our household. He later chose a Jacaranda tree under which to bury his placenta at our new home in Queensland.
My fourth baby, Maia Rose, was born in Brisbane, where Lotus birth is still very new, on 26 July 2000. We had a beautiful ‘Do It Yourself’ birth at home, and my intuition told me that her breaking forth time would be short. I decided not to treat her placenta at all, but kept it in a sieve over a bowl in the daytime, and in the placenta bag at night. The cord separated in just under 3 days and, although it was a cool time of year, it did get become friable and rather smelly. (Salt treatment would have prevented this). Maia’s placenta is and I broke off a piece of her dried cord to give to her when she is older.
My older children have blessed me with stories of their lives before birth, and have been unanimously in favour of not cutting the cord- especially Emma, who remembered the unpleasant feeling of having her cord cut, which she describes as being “painful in my heart”. Zoe, at five years of age, described being attached to a ‘love-heart thing’ in my womb and told me “When I was born, the cord went off the love-heart thing and onto there (the placenta) and then I came out.” Perhaps she remembers her placenta in utero as the source of nourishment and love.
Lotus birth has been, for us, an exquisite ritual which has enhanced the magic of the early post natal days. I notice an integrity and self-possession with my lotus-born children, and I believe that lovingness, cohesion, attunement to nature, trust, and respect for the natural order have all been imprinted on our family by our honouring of the placenta, the Tree of Life, through Lotus Birth. | <urn:uuid:860f1260-2264-4df7-8f3e-e9f1fd51e7fe> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://www.loveyourlifeai.com/tag/trimesters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589222.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716060836-20180716080836-00588.warc.gz | en | 0.975556 | 1,691 | 2.6875 | 3 |
MIT News - March 8, 2012
Sometimes the fastest pathway from point A to point B is not a straight line: for example, if you're underwater and contending with strong and shifting currents. But figuring out the best route in such settings is a monumentally complex problem — especially if you're trying to do it not just for one underwater vehicle, but for a swarm of them moving all at once toward separate destinations.
But that's just what a team of engineers at MIT has figured out how to do, in research results to be presented in May at the annual IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. The team, led by Pierre Lermusiaux, the Doherty Associate Professor in Ocean Utilization, developed a mathematical procedure that can optimize path planning for automated underwater vehicles (AUVs), even in regions with complex shorelines and strong shifting currents. The system can provide paths optimized either for the shortest travel time or for the minimum use of energy, or to maximize the collection of data that is considered most important.
Collections of propelled AUVs and gliding AUVs (also called gliders) are now often used for mapping and oceanographic research, for military reconnaissance and harbor protection, or for deep-sea oil-well maintenance and emergency response. So far, fleets of up to 20 such AUVs have been deployed, but in the coming years far larger fleets could come into service, Lermusiaux says, making the computational task of planning optimal paths much more complex.
Read more at MIT News: http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/underwater-swarms-robots-0308.html
Video: Melanie Gonick
Computer simulations courtesy of Pierre Lermusiaux
Tagged under: underwater,vehicles,Automation,oceanography,ocean,dynamics,Water,MIT
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From the moment a young British woman leapt from her small boat onto the shores of Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, the world was never the same. Jane Goodall, a 26-year-old from Bournemouth, England with a passion for wildlife came face to face with fate when she began her groundbreaking study of wild chimpanzees in what is now Gombe Stream National Park. In July of 1960, her amazing discoveries of chimpanzee behavior became the roots of one of the most significant scientific field sites on the planet. This is where a woman redefined man and defined what it means to be human.
The discoveries in Gombe have shaped modern science and our culture – from human and other great ape evolution, to health and ecology – and there’s so much more to learn.
It’s time to begin your journey of discovery. Welcome to Gombe Science Heroes. How do I begin? Join the team. Choose your assignment: | <urn:uuid:f8eb4719-a39e-40b5-8202-b60e0672db1d> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://shop.janegoodall.org/category/gombe-science-heroes?a=Jul2019ShopGSHSlider | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370515113.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200403154746-20200403184746-00159.warc.gz | en | 0.947892 | 195 | 3.28125 | 3 |
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1. As used by the gospel writers, what does “gospel” mean?
2. How does each gospel writer begin his gospel record?
3. Write a brief biographical sketch of Tiberius Caesar, as presented mainly by McGarvey.
4. Do the same with Pontius Pilate.
5. Describe the mission of John the Baptist.
6. Identify and explain the Old Testament prophecies which predict John’s mission.
7. What is the meaning of the word “Pharisee”? List four basic beliefs of the Pharisees.
8. Compare and contrast John’s baptism (immersion) with Christian baptism.
9. Who were the publicans?
10. Why did the people reason whether John was the Christ? (v. 15, p. 77)
11. Explain Luke 3:16. Consider comments on pp. 78,79.
12. At what age did Jesus begin his ministry? About which calendar year would this have been?
13. Describe the nature and significance of the three trials of Jesus following his baptism.
14. How was Jesus revealed to John as the Messiah?
15. What four errors did John correct by his preaching?
16. Following Jesus’ immersion, He is called “my beloved Son.” Explain how Jesus can be called “the Son of God.” | <urn:uuid:19602de3-eac3-4b56-bfcc-a8a0036e881b> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.dabar.org/CRA/4GOSPELS-PART-1-Lesson2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535920849.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909050820-00307-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951625 | 305 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Almond Pollination Seasons is here! Let Avant do the heavy lifting for you.
Almonds are a large industry in Australia with approximately 3/4 of Australian Almonds exported to over 40 countries including India and Europe. Australia produced 7.7% of the global crop to remain the world’s second largest producer behind the USA. Almond orchards have been steadily increasing as the industry now totals 35,886 hectares with more than 10 million almond trees. Almond pollination season is crucial to the success of the industry. See more below.
Almond Pollination Background
Pollination of almonds (Prunus dulcis) is very important. With the appropriate number of pollinators, such as managed hives, almonds can commonly receive between 90–100 per cent nut set, which form into ‘nutlets’. However, the resulting yield at harvest time is always much lower. This can be due to a range of factors, such as excess rain, poor nutrition etc. which causes the tree to abort some of the nutlets.
Almonds generally require between 30–60 per cent yield to produce a commercial crop, with 30 per cent yield being classified as below average and 60 per cent being classified as above average. It is recommended that between 6 and 7 hives per hectare are used to achieve adequate pollination.
Almonds are one of the earliest crops to flower in the spring (August). The flowers have five petals, and a single stigma surrounded by a ring of anthers. They open before the tree produces leaves. The flowers produce both nectar and pollen. While the ovary contains two ovules, only one ovule normally develops into a seed and produces a fruit. The stigmas are usually receptive as soon as the flowers open. Almonds are generally not self-fertile and pollinisers must be planted, however new self-fertile varieties are now becoming available. Pollination is a significant factor affecting crop yield.
A wide range of insects visit almond flowers to collect pollen and nectar including flies, bumble bees (not present on mainland Australia) and honey bees. Honey bees are the most important pollinators because they can be managed and introduced to a crop. Because almonds flower early in the spring, in many situations they may be the only crop flowering in an area. Although this has the advantage there are fewer flowers surrounding the crop that may draw bees away from the almonds, it also means almonds are often open in cooler conditions, which may reduce honey bee activity. Anything that can be done to site honey bee colonies in warm sheltered positions may encourage them to forage in colder conditions. Research also indicates higher fruit set rates are achieved when hives are placed in smaller placements and spread evenly across the orchard, rather than larger placements placed less often.
Because of the flower shape, pollen gatherers are likely to be better pollinators than nectar foragers. Many nectar foragers collect nectar from almond flowers without touching the stigma. Pollen gathers have a greater chance of contacting the stigma, as they scramble over the anthers to collect pollen, so there is a high frequency of contact with the stigma. Managing colonies so they have a high demand for pollen may assist pollination.For many crops it is recommended hives are not introduced until about 10 per cent flowering; however, colonies can be introduced earlier to almonds when there are few competing flowers around the orchard. Even if there is competition, a few hives should be introduced at the start of flowering to ensure the early flowers are pollinated. With the relatively high fruit set required and the large numbers of flowers on the trees, fruit set often declines quickly as with increasing distance from a polliniser. Honey bees will mainly forage on a single tree and if they leave this they are most likely to move to the next tree in the same row. It used to be common for polliniser rows to be every third row; however, it is now recommended to plant them every second row.
Why Avant in Pollination?
The Avant machine has a wide range of applications. Our BeePro loaders have a number of key qualities that make it perfect for the task of Almond Pollination Season:
- The Avant is compact enough to be parked across the tray of your truck with forks still attached! This includes the large 500 and 600 series loaders as well.
- Avant boasts a massive lift capacity allowing you to easily move pallets
- The Avant can be driven on any surface without damage including grass, dirt and asphalt. They can also be driven in National Parks.
- The optional A/C cab offers a comfortable climate to work in all year round as well as added protection. Operators can remove bee protective clothing inside the cab which provides additional visibility.
- Load your truck from one side with the telescopic boom and side shift forks.
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K value #1: Misc. 7) Decide on the exchanger layout. There may also be a pressure gain/loss due a change in elevation between the start and end of the pipe. If the initial pressure drop is too high, the filter will reach this point very quickly resulting in short filter life. Pressure drop must be known by the engineer designing the system to ensure proper valve selection. and display pressure to 1/100 of an inch. It uses the native CONVERT function in Excel and lets you choose the units from drop-down menus. LR=(V∙∆P∙60sec/min)/(t sec∙14. Balance Effect, Pressure Rise/100 psi Pressure Conversion Enter Pressure (PSI) Pressure in in. If there are multiple sections of pipe the spreadsheet will also total all of them for the total pressure loss. This method can be extended to tables of data to calculate pressure drop vs. This web-based application allows the pressure drop (∆P) and available NPSH(a) to be calculated for some complex systems together with a wide range of process fluids. 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It is not intuitive to use and unless they become investment bankers or Realtors, most students will never use it after finishing the. Calculate online thermodynamic and transport properties of water and steam, based on industrial (IAPWS-IF97) or scientific (IAPWS-95) formulation. All information contained within the Pneumatics Online Web Site is the property of Pneumatics Online. conditions cond. Let’s say we have some data of pressure drop vs. Published on October 22, 2015 October 22, 2015 • 560 Likes • 64 Comments. steam sizing liquid sizing gas sizing cond. Duct Diameter (in) 11. Given a fluids viscosity, dynamic viscosity, initial velocity, initial pressure, and a pipes length and diameter as well as knowledge that it is vertical, is it possible to calculate the pressure drop for the fluid in the pipe?. Home〉Spreadsheet〉Duct Pressure Drop Calculation Spreadsheet〉Currently Viewed Size limitation : When a spreadsheet is first constructed and tested, the size tends to be small. These sessions can placed a lot of pressure upon you, as you would be better off by having an choice. This is our valve C v calculator. This simple resistance calculator helps you work through what you need for your own shop. See page 3 for the F L equation. Introduction. 7 then using the formula below: Calculate the Capacity of an Agitator & Conditioner. You'll find a huge selection of complimentary Excel Spreadsheets here. Fan Calculator (Axial & Centrifugal) Fans are used for moving gases (e. Home; CALCULATOR PROGRAM AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINES TWO-PHASE FLOW REGIMES AND PRESSURE DROPS. Note that demand is the amount of gas flowing through a section of pipe. Go to pressure drop calculator In this calculator well known equations have been used. The above formula & step by step calculation may useful for users to understand how the values are being used in the formula, however, when it comes to online for quick calculations, this fluid viscosity Vs pressure drop relationship calculator helps the user to perform & verify such calculations as quick as possible. Includes 53 different calculations. 0 dry-bulb temperature range is -100 to +2,000 °F, humidity ratios up to 1 lb/lb, altitudes up to 45,000 ft (pressure=0. Calculate Pressure Drop in Filters and Strainers The purpose of the guideline is to lay down the procedure for estimation of pressure drop across filters/strainers in a piping system. The deflection calculation considers the deformation of such a typical region in one direction at a time, alter which the contributions front each direction are added to obtain the total deflection at any point of interest. 3) Press "Calculate" to find the missing value. Select cell C3 and enter the formula shown below. Spreadsheet calculates values in yellow boxes Calculation of Fluid Flow Rate, Q, for given frictional head loss, hL, pipe. The altitude at a given air pressure can be calculated using Equation 1 for an altitude up to 11 km (36,090 feet). Excel Unit Converter Template Features: This tool includes almost all necessary units from weight to pressure, from distance to liquids. Westpak is accredited to ISO/IEC 17025-2005, one of the most rigorous standards available for a mechanical testing laboratory. The Organic Chemistry Tutor 36,086 views. This may reduce on smaller louvre sizes. 4 show the Excel spreadsheets that are free to download , in which the equations required to reliably and quickly obtain the calculations for pressure loss in pipes have. The oil enters the ex- changer at 60°F and leaves at 168°F. The pressure losses can be estimated using the fitting pressure loss calculator, which gives an equivalent pipe length to add to the overall pipeline length. Size a matching pressure safety valve (PSV) capable of handling a pressure control valve failure case. Heat Exchanger Efficiency Calculation Excel. It's also possible to calculate pressure changes caused by vertical differences of pipe and caused by changes of the kinetic energy (a dynamic pressure change) and you can combine diverse elements and so you will get total pressure drop. Need the perfect set of gas logs? Don't get the wrong one! Try our amazing Gas Log Calculator that makes finding your perfect gas logs simple and easy. Download Pressure Unit Converter our powerful software utility that helps you make easy conversion between more than 2,100 various units of measure in more than 70 categories. 1) The value of the diametrical interference is typically about δ/d=0. Pipe Flow Software Located at Springfield House, Water Lane , Wilmslow , Cheshire , SK9 5BG , England. Please note: The U. 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It's also possible to calculate pressure changes caused by vertical difference of pipe and caused by changes of kinetic energy (dynamic pressure change). The pressure drop across the filter is given by the manufacturer, 3 psi at 500 gpm. Issues Calculation approaches: —Average Pressure and Temperature method. • Gay-Lussac's Law applies only when pressure and temperature change. It performs liquid and isothermal gas flow hydraulic calculations. So, you could use the tables to calculate the pressure drop for each section of pipe (at the sum of the cf/h of all the appliances downstream from the pipe). Calculation of thermodynamic state variables of methane. Contact Information: Software-Factory Norbert Schmitz Am Moenchhof 7a 67105 Schifferstadt Germany Tel. Pressure drop describes the difference in the pressure between two points of a network carrying fluid. To get this, divide the total pressure drop by the pipe length and multiply by 100. The positive and negative static pressure has to be taken into account. The surface tension (interfacial tension) between the gas and liquid phases has very little effect on two-phase pressure drop calculations. Siegel, PhD. The Cv value is the flow rate through the valve that results in a 1 psi pressure drop (3. It allows you to calculate the flow or C v (flow coefficient) to make the relationship visible between the pressure drop (the difference in pressure between two points in a network transporting a liquid or gas) and the flow rate. Pressure drop must be known by the engineer designing the system to ensure proper valve selection. Given a fluids viscosity, dynamic viscosity, initial velocity, initial pressure, and a pipes length and diameter as well as knowledge that it is vertical, is it possible to calculate the pressure drop for the fluid in the pipe?. Pressure decreases with height in the first 100 kilometers above the earth’s surface according to the formula P(z)=P(sea level)*exp(-z/H). Blog; Still Using Excel Templates? Here's 6 Reasons to Use Strength and Conditioning Software. This calculator determines the water depth to reach or given pressure or the pressure at a given depth. 8 Duct Velocity (FPM) 1,274 0. The results were rounded according to the rounding practice of ASME B16. ExcelTemplates. The chart below can be used to estimate friction loss in air ducts. Compressor Energy Calculator (XLS) Water in Air (XLS) Filter Pressure Drop & Oil Carryover (XLS) Air Usage and Leakage (DOC) Installation Pipework (XLS) Load Duty Cycles (XLS) Pressure / Volume (XLS) Pressure Drop Cost (XLS) FD Dryer Performance and Selection (XLS) FX Dryer Performance and Selectio n (XLS) Contact us for your complete. Size pressure control valves (PCV) to perform properly over the entire flow duty envelope. 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Valve Kv Sizing Calculator This Excel Spreadsheet helps you to calculate the Kv, the flow rate and the differential pressure of a valve or solenoid valve. What you need is the Bernoulli's equation. xls - Download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Excel Spreadsheets for Engineering Calculations and Analysis Excel Sheet Heat Transfer. This calculator gives value of pressure drop per unit length of a straight line. - Determine the proper size of tubing, flow line and surface well head chokes. These documents require Microsoft Excel. This Excel template calculates flow rate over a suppressed or contracted rectangular weir using Kindsvater-Carter equation. It's also possible to calculate pressure changes caused by vertical difference of pipe and caused by changes of kinetic energy (dynamic pressure change). Use EnggCyclopedia's K-factor calculator to obtain pressure drop across fittings in a line. PIPE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATOR. 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Suitable for low pressure applications like domestic furnace, medium size air conditioning units up to 25 tons. Free Consutation. How do you calculate density in excel? i need to know how to calculate density for a project im working on for work and its simple ive already done a few in the calculator but i need to know how to do it in ecel to go faster. Calculator is based on ISO 5167. The algorithm, based on an air- and water-free model, uses the Gas Processors Association Soave-Redlich-. Wellbore pressure drop for vertical well in infinite homogenous reservoir with perpendicular constant pressures boundary, [psi] 46 PwVWIHRPMB: PTA: Wellbore pressure drop for vertical well in infinite homogenous reservoir with perpendicular mixed boundaries (boundary 1 - fault, boundary 2 - constant pressure), [psi] 47. This calculator is useful for very small piping or tubing, and can handle flow through small channels. Water Engineer > Water Treatment Calculator > Pressure Sand Filter Diameter Calculator. Gas Flow Calculator. PIPE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATOR. It's simpler than other methods, and is particularly suitable for low liquid and gas flows in small diameter pipes. Use our XLC add-in for Excel to display cell formulas as easily readable mathematical equations. Versatile and easy to use, the leak rate calculator provides measurement and conversion rates in multiple metric and imperial units. This function computes this pressure drop for a 100ft length of pipe. Flashing If the downstream pressure is equal to or less than the vapor pressure, the vapor bubbles created at the vena contracta do not collapse, resulting in a liquid-gas mixture downstream of the valve. At the top of the CO2 Table Calculator Page the first two tabs enable you to select between "General properties" and "Saturation properties". Convert between many different pressure equivalents. In this case we will consider the density constant to simplify the calculations. Use caution when changing the precision of calculations When a formula performs calculations, Excel usually uses the values stored in cells referenced by the formula. Calculators > Heart Health. Why is Pressure Drop Important? Pressure drop is a critical element in valve sizing and valve application. graph paper. The most common methods used. Cooking Various cooking volume conversions, including Drop, Dash, Pinch, Teaspoons, Tablespoons, Cups, etc. By subtracting any obstructions to airflow (frames and blades) from the overall opening size we get a net result - free area. And the relationship between the pressure and flow is determined by, the resistance. Pressure Drop (psi/100 ft) (kPa/100 m) Export to CSV Export to Excel Request a Sample. Calculate the proportionality constant (k) formed by the ratio of the initial temperature to the initial pressure. Instead of using a calculator, use Microsoft Excel to do the math! You can enter simple formulas to add, divide, multiply, and subtract two or more numeric values. This revised and improved method for calculating shell-side pressure drop in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger has an accuracy of —6% to +9% when compared to data available in the literature. Flow Calculation for Gases The coefficient of flow (Cv) is a formula which is used to determine a valve's flows under various conditions and to select the correct valve for a flow application. The Gay-Lussac's Law calculator computes the initial and final pressure and temperature of an ideal gas based on Gay-Lussac's formula (T 1 •P 2 =T 2 •P 1 ). 11 (n-1) / n perties calculation (Efp) n / (n-1) sheet Provide maximum Calculate total Provide average temperaure from head by equation tip speed from Chapter IV. A pressure drop does not always mean a leak, If you have an air eliminator installed, pressure will drop when air escapes. The spreadsheet will calculate the pressure loss, and will give you the total combined loss for all of the sections. With thanks to Shell and Total for their generous assistance in the development of this electronic tool. Issues Calculation approaches: —Average Pressure and Temperature method. Operating pumps move fluids in piping systems by creating a low suction pressure at the inlet side and a high discharge pressure at the outlet side. 023 bara and a viscosity of 1cP. lower limit for calculation: -180 C, 0. Use the back of this page or a separate sheet if more space is needed. G = ρV = mass velocity, lb. This free dew point calculator calculates dew point, relative humidity, or air temperature given any of the two values. Insect mesh reduces the free area by approx. Δp pressure drop q / ṁ volume/mass flow rate D internal pipe diameter Select value to input. 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The Lockhart and Martinelli correlation is commonly used to calculate the pressure-drop of two-phase flow in pipe. 14 2 1 ss B shell e s fG D N P D µ ρ µ + ∆= In this equation, f is a Fanning friction factor for flow on the shell side given in Figure 14-44 of reference (1)G s , is the mass velocity on the shell side, D. 3 of the pipe size. Helping Your Child Learn To Read. Excel spreadsheets are the tool of choice in this manual, as it is a powerful and user-friendly calculation program included in various Microsoft Office packages. ) \/2% Per 1000 psi. Step 1 Using FIGURE 1 or 2 determine the pressure drop through the strainer with water flow and standard screens = (P1) Step 2 If non-standard screens (i. These calculation tools are intended to be used for information and guidance only, they do not replace a detailed design calculation and compliance with all applicable Code requirements. is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity. PipeDrop (G&P Engineering Software) is an advanced hydraulic pressure drop calculator for liquids, gases, and 2-phase flow. Calculate The Uponor pipe heat-loss calculator uses cylindrical thermal resistance methodology, as supported in ASHRAE handbooks, to determine the pipe heat loss and surface temperature for aboveground building applications. Efforts have been made to confirm the accurracy of all calculations. CALCULATION WORKSHEET: PIPE SIZING, LONGEST LENGTH METHOD Step 1: • Draw a sketch of a piping system in the space to the right. Heat Conduction and Thermal Resistance For steady state conditions and one dimensional heat transfer, the heat q conducted through a plane wall is given by: q = kA(t1 - t2) L Btu hr (Eq. How to calculate price drop into percentage please? If I had 144 points in one game and 81 in the next, how do I calculate percentage dropped? A car costs 17000, after a year the value has dropped by 3000. Pressure drop Length (mm) Height (mm) Pitch louvre m³/s Louvre effective free area Effective free area required: Louvre effective free area required: Please note that all louvres have been based on a free area of 48%. There are ten columns of identical individual calculations. Given a fluids viscosity, dynamic viscosity, initial velocity, initial pressure, and a pipes length and diameter as well as knowledge that it is vertical, is it possible to calculate the pressure drop for the fluid in the pipe?. 013 BarA; these standard conditions are one choice among many standards. and display pressure to 1/100 of an inch. Terminal Device Pressure Drop • Pressure loss for supply air grill • Pressure loss for return air grill. It is very easy to use. Calculation Procedure The procedure given below for running these calculations is based on the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet method. Over Hundred of Oilfield Drilling Formulas Which Will Help You While Working at Worksite. If the pressure never goes to zero, you probably don't have a leak. Duct, Fittings Pressure Loss Calculation wael nesim. Streamlining Your Month-End Close with Microsoft Excel Jun 04, 2018 | By Blake Oliver In today’s world of automation, cloud technology and artificial intelligence, the highly manual processes that so many of us rely on for the month-end close are an anomaly. fluid power data fluid power data flow thru orifices to determine desired orifice size use the following formula: q = ka Δp = 18. H2O Pressure in in. conditions cond. Liquid and Gas Flow Applications On-Line Friction Piping Loss Rigorous calculation of the pressure loss for flowing liquids, based on liquid properties, flow, and piping configuration (pipe length, fittings, and valves). Subtracting the top gauge reading of 4 psi from the bottom reading of 7. 8 Duct Velocity (FPM) 1,274 0. Step 2: • Enter the system information. This Excel spreadsheet helps you calculate the two-phase pressure drop in a pipe. Now we calculate the dynamic loss for the straight path through the tee, using the formula co multiplied by rho multiplied by v squared divided by 2. On the other hand, for low wind speed and high duct air speed, the pressure drop is equal to the one given by the pressure loss coefficient. Anemostat Pressure Drop Calculator All Anemostat louvers have been performance tested in our Air Distribution Research & Development Center, and data can be determined using our Pressure Drop Calculator (see Fig. Flow Calculation for Gases The coefficient of flow (Cv) is a formula which is used to determine a valve's flows under various conditions and to select the correct valve for a flow application. sophisticated methods of estimating the pressure drop. 4 psi of pressure drop In this problem, the house has a bathroom on the second floor. fluid power data fluid power data flow thru orifices to determine desired orifice size use the following formula: q = ka Δp = 18. Step 1 Using FIGURE 1 or 2 determine the pressure drop through the strainer with water flow and standard screens = (P1) Step 2 If non-standard screens (i. They do this by rotating a series of angled blades (or vanes) that pull the air through an aperture. This online air duct calculator is used to calculate the velocity of air flow feet per minute (FPM), and feet per second (FPS) through any shaped. Over Hundred of Oilfield Drilling Formulas Which Will Help You While Working at Worksite. For example, if two cells each contain the value 10. In this program the standard is also used for liquid orifices. Since the pressure drop is proportional to the square of the flow rate, use the following formula to calculate the pressure drop through the valve for any flow rate: PD In Feet = (Flow Rate/ Rated Cv)2 X 2. You can enter the depth or pressure input with most common units and it will be converted automatically. This Pipe Pressure Drop Calculation Excel Sheet is specially designed to calculate pressure drop in pipe system. Flare stack or vent stack sizing (height, diameter, tip configurations, etc. Within this spreadsheet was a routine for calculating the cost of CO2 trunk lines which was found to have a sizing routine based on oversimplified pressure drop equations and averaged physical properties of CO2. Use caution when changing the precision of calculations When a formula performs calculations, Excel usually uses the values stored in cells referenced by the formula. Pipe flow-friction factor calculations with excel spreadsheets for pressure drop calculations, a friction factor calculator or a pipe flow calculator Low Cost Easy to Use Spreadsheets for Engineering Calculations Available at Engineering Excel Spreadsheets. pdf), Text File (. A useful tool for finding duct diameter, duct velocity, friction loss and air mixture. Find out all of the information about the CASPEO product: pressure drop calculation software / fluid dynamics simulation / design / optimization FLUIDFLOW. 00 Corrected Velocity fpm 41. SF Pressure Drop calculates pressure drops of flowing liquids and gases in pipes (laminar and turbulent flow). Over Hundred of Oilfield Drilling Formulas Which Will Help You While Working at Worksite. Hg Pressure in mm/H20 Pressure in cm/H20 Pressure in kg/cm^2 Pressure in Bar Pressure in mbar Pressure in Pa Pressure in kPa Enter Inches Millimeters Centimeters Meters Feet Enter Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celcius Degrees Kelvin Gases. How to Measure Flow Rate in Gallons Per Minute/GPM. steam sizing liquid sizing gas sizing cond. of pipe length. However, when specifying sizes for the main piping, you should consider a variety of other factors, including the type of system, the type of building, peak demand, available supply pressure, the pressure required at the highest fixture, and limitations imposed by local authorities, selected fixtures, and supply source. pressure for petroleum fractions and their blends. Please use flow curves and Gas Application Selection Guide for pressure regulator applications. Double lines will be drawn to reflect the duct sizing. More about C Values over time Flow Tests of Cement-mortar-lined Gray and Ductile Iron Pipe (On Page 7) Calculation Menu. +49 6235 / 92 20 14 Fax +49 6235 / 95 20 15 E-Mail: info@software-factory. However, the developer accepts no responsibility for the accuracy, use of or calculation results derived from herein. One type of pressure drop calculation that can be improved is for the shell side of shell- and-tube heat exchangers. | <urn:uuid:c7aeb0e4-e0a6-47d0-99a6-112abeba41b1> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://www.caoliaojun.com/rrr8epw/62c8.php?aja=pressure-drop-calculator-excel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315321.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190820092326-20190820114326-00021.warc.gz | en | 0.87673 | 7,655 | 2.828125 | 3 |
ERIC Number: ED111978
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1975
Reference Count: 0
What Does a Secretary Do? Sixth Grade.
Platt, Wanda; Stafford, Lawrence
The field tested unit for the sixth grade was designed to generate interest on the part of students in exploring a secretarial career. The unit includes a discussion of the duties of a secretary, learning the six main parts of the business letter of request, and the actual writing of a letter to a businessman for information and/or inviting him or his secretary to speak to the class. The unit takes two hours and forty-five minutes, includes large and small group and individual activities, and is related to the language arts subject area. It presents performance objectives, related learning activities, and evaluation suggestions for each objective listed. The document concludes with a list of enrichment activities, instructional materials (books, films, filmstrips, and kits), and teacher preparation and evaluation suggestions. (Author/BP)
Publication Type: Guides - General
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Arizona State Dept. of Education, Phoenix.
Note: For related documents, see CE 004 714-727 | <urn:uuid:68d6fb75-e22f-4cfd-81eb-c71619cb4043> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED111978 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174135.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00016-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900277 | 247 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Recombinant Active Protein
Interleukin-17AF (IL-17AF) is a member of the IL-17 family of proteins produced by a subset of T cells, called Th17, following stimulation with IL-23. Since IL-17AF is thought to signal through the IL-17RA receptor, its biological function is similar to that of IL-17A in that it induces the production of a variety of chemokines, in addition to airway neutrophilia. In regard to these functions, IL-17AF has less activity than the IL-17A homodimer but, greater activity than the IL-17F homodimer. Human and rat IL-17AF both show activity on mouse cells. Rat IL-17AF is produced in E.coli. Recombinant rat IL-17AF is a non-glycosylated, disulfide-linked heterodimer, containing one IL-17A subunit and one IL-17F subunit. The dimer has a total of 269 amino acids, with total molecular weight of 30.7 kDa. | <urn:uuid:29dbd402-aa2f-4e58-bc34-fcbf7128d43a> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://abbiotec.com/proteins/rat-il-17af | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946564.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424041828-20180424061828-00366.warc.gz | en | 0.913003 | 229 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The First National Bank building, formerly the Ocean Bank, on the north side of Cannon Square in Stonington, in November 1940. Photo by Jack Delano, courtesy of the Library of Congress, FSA/OWI Collection.
The scene in 2021:
The first photo was taken in November 1940 by Jack Delano, a noted photographer who was employed by the Farm Security Administration in the late 1930s and early 1940s. In this capacity, he was part of a team of photographers who traveled around the country, documenting life in America during the Great Depression. He was in Connecticut during the fall of 1940, where he visited a number of cities and towns, including here in Stonington. His caption for this photo is simply, “A bank for sale in Stonington, Connecticut,” and he perhaps chose this subject as a way of representing the effects of the Depression on the once-prosperous whaling and fishing port.
Nearly a century before its demise in the Great Depression, the First National Bank of Stonington had its origins in 1851, with the incorporation of the Ocean Bank. This small Greek Revival bank building was constructed around this time, and the bank’s first president was Charles P. Williams, a former whaling ship captain. Williams had gained considerable wealth in the whaling industry, and he went on to further expand his fortune through real estate speculation. By the time he died in 1879, he was said to have been the wealthiest man in eastern Connecticut, with an estate valued at around $3 million.
In the meantime, the Ocean Bank became the First National Bank of Stonington in 1865, and it would remain in business here in this building for the next 75 years. However, the bank ultimately closed in February 1940, leaving the town of Stonington without any financial institutions. The bank’s president at the time, Judge J. Rodney Smith, explained in newspaper accounts that, although the bank itself was financially sound, the business conditions in town made the bank unprofitable for investors. He apparently did not cite specific reasons for this, but a likely cause was the ongoing Great Depression, along with the recent hurricane in September 1938, which battered coastal Connecticut.
As the sign in the first photo shows, the bank building was still for sale when Jack Delano took the photo some nine months after the bank closed. The building would ultimately be acquired by the Stonington Historical Society in 1942. The organization originally intended to turn the building into a museum and headquarters, but over the years it has instead been used as a rental property. Today, the historical society still owns the building, which has remained well-preserved in its 19th century appearance. It has also retained its original use as a bank, and it is currently a branch of Dime Bank, as shown on the sign on the left side in the 2021 photo. | <urn:uuid:60bb8a86-b531-4320-bf4c-c563ac759fab> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://lostnewengland.com/2022/08/ocean-bank-stonington-connecticut/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474852.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229170737-20240229200737-00047.warc.gz | en | 0.984887 | 591 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Education & the Environment Initiative CurriculumDevelopment and review of an environment-based curriculum for kindergarten through grade 12 in the subject-matter areas of history-social science and science.
Education and the Environment Initiative (EEI) Curriculum
The EEI was adopted by the State Board of Education in 2010 with the goal to increase environmental literacy for California's kindergarten through grade twelve (K-12) students. The curriculum can serve as a useful resource for teaching academic content standards within an environmental context.
Environmental Principles and Concepts
These Environmental Principles and Concepts serve as the foundation for developing the Model Curriculum for California's kindergarten through grade twelve (K-12) students that is mandated under the Education and the Environment Initiative. | <urn:uuid:40e24daf-517e-45a8-abaa-f3038e017a11> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/sc/ee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506676.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925015430-20230925045430-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.921547 | 148 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Check that breeze blowing outside. If you're in the southeastern U.S., it may be puffing some glyphosate-resistant pigweed pollen your way.
There's plenty of suspicion that the fast-spreading resistant strain of the vigorous weed widens its range through pollen. Research at the University of Georgia's Coastal Plain Experiment Station aims to pinpoint exactly how fast and far glyphosate-resistant pigweed (Palmer amaranth) can move through the air.
Researchers confirmed resistant pigweed in three Georgia counties in 2005. That increased to 10 counties the next year and 20 in 2007.
"It's spreading rapidly through traditional methods like on-farm equipment, but we know movement through pollen is very significant,” says Stanley Culpepper, Georgia Extension weed specialist, who now devotes much of his time to dealing with pigweed.
Just two pigweed plants per 20' of cotton row reduce yield at least 23%, according to Culpepper's work.
"If you have glyphosate-resistant pigweed on dryland cotton, you probably won't pick a crop,” he says. "What could be more devastating to us in cotton?
"We can handle herbicide resistance of just about anything else fairly economically, but not pigweed. There's so much seed production, such rapid growth and it's spread through pollen. All those are connected.”
Lynn Sosnoskie, a postdoctoral student, came to the Tifton, Ga., station to research the resistant pigweed pollen movement. Her work, now under way both in the field and the greenhouse, attempts to track how far and fast the pollen goes. She's pinpointing how much pollen the pigweed plant produces and when it is produced, as well as the length of time the pollen is viable and how the weather affects it.
So far, it looks like the pollen makes tracks in a hurry. In a 75-acre field study with glyphosate-resistant male plants in the center of nonresistant females, pollen carried 300 meters—as far as Sosnoskie was able to measure.
"Palmer amaranth pollen is small, round and fairly smooth. It's designed for wind dispersal. It contains the genetic code of the plant,” she says.
"We're just working out the potential for pollen movement. We want to define the most important mechanism for resistance developing.”
Figuring out how pollen carries resistance will help farmers implement management plans.
"Pollen is important because it could help predict when resistant pigweed will arrive. Farmers need to know the distance it can travel because when it's close, it will change your management practices,” Culpepper says.
"To farmers, this says it's everybody's problem. If it's two farms away or a county away, it's still your problem because of the potential for it to move. Resistance management needs to be practiced by everyone because of the potential to spread,” Sosnoskie says.
"The silver lining to this cloud is that it's going to make scientists, farmers and industry work together more to understand the problems and work through them better, to be more proactive, rather than reactive,” she says. "We're going to think a little ahead. When the next set of herbicide technologies comes along, the question will be how do we preserve them so everybody makes money.”
See you in San Antonio
The Beltwide Cotton Conference heads back to San Antonio on Jan. 5 to 8.
The 2009 conference will run Monday through Thursday. The first day will be devoted to the consultants conference and will include roundtable discussions and interaction from growers, Extension specialists and company representatives.
Tuesday morning kicks off the production conference, with speakers discussing current industry issues. Sessions Tuesday afternoon and Wednesday will focus on specific topics presented by farmers and industry panels. Technical conferences begin Wednesday and continue through Thursday afternoon.
Topics on the schedule include energy management; insect and weed management and resistance; conservation programs; new technology; and cotton economics.
"The workshops are going to be more hands-on and interactive than they've been in the past,” says Bill Robertson, National Cotton Council manager of agronomy, soils and physiology. "We're going to incorporate new electronic techniques for participation that are dynamic.” | <urn:uuid:378827dc-f7d0-4cf1-aae2-96c7b1123c7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://www.agweb.com/farmjournal/article/cotton_journal_201413/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607647.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170523143045-20170523163045-00128.warc.gz | en | 0.947614 | 887 | 3.359375 | 3 |
October 01, 2007
There are three domains of fighting in mixed martial arts: fighting on the feet, fighting on the ground, and the transition between the two. Fighting on the feet includes moves and strategies from many different striking arts, such as kickboxing and Muay Thai. To take the fight from the feet to the ground, a fighter must be versed in arts such as wrestling and judo. Once on the ground, there are myriad techniques available to the fighter, from those of jiu-jitsu and wrestling to the infamous style of striking known as "ground and pound." Fighting on the ground is the ultimate combination of the striking and the grappling worlds.
Jiu-jitsu and submission wrestling strategy is drastically changed when striking is thrown into the mix. This is not a bad thing for fighters with those backgrounds, however, as a fighter with a command of wrestling will know how to achieve and maintain controlling positions, or what is referred to as "good positioning." From a good position, a fighter can capitalize on his ability to minimize an opponent's movement and his own ability to land strikes.
This month Traver Boehm will demonstrate two on-the- ground striking techniques, executed from side control. Traver is a professional MMA fighter whose specialty is fighting on the ground. | <urn:uuid:787428eb-b4d2-47f8-a6e6-5139940b3efb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://journal.crossfit.com/2007/10/striking-from-side-control-by.tpl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00548-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960474 | 262 | 2.75 | 3 |
- Can a CT scan detect soft tissue damage?
- What scan can detect nerve damage?
- Does CT scan show nerve compression?
- Can a compressed nerve heal itself?
- Can a CT scan detect sciatica?
- Which is more accurate MRI or CT scan?
- What test shows nerve damage?
- Can a CT scan detect back problems?
- Can you see inflammation on a CT scan?
- What a CT scan does not show?
- Will a CT scan show arthritis?
- What shows up as white on a CT scan?
- Would a CT scan show nerve damage?
- Will a CT scan show muscle damage?
- Does a CT show infection?
- Why would a doctor order a CT scan?
- How serious is nerve damage?
- How does a neurologist check for nerve damage?
- What does a trapped nerve feel like?
- Can a CT scan detect bacterial infection?
- Will an MRI scan show nerve damage?
Can a CT scan detect soft tissue damage?
CT scans are very good at showing bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels (Fig.
While an MRI takes excellent pictures of soft tissue and blood vessels, a CT scan shows bone much better, so it’s often used to image the spine and skull..
What scan can detect nerve damage?
Computed tomography (CT scan) uses X-rays to produce two-dimensional images of organs, bones, and tissues. A CT scan can aid in proper diagnosis by showing the area of the brain that is affected.
Does CT scan show nerve compression?
Imaging studies such as X-ray or CT scan provide good detail of actual bony anatomy of the human body, but very poor visualization of soft tissues and nerves. The best test to visualize the spinal nerves is an MRI, and this is considered the “gold standard” imaging study that doctors prefer.
Can a compressed nerve heal itself?
And rest assured: Most cases of pinched nerves go away on their own. However, there comes a point when you should seek medical attention for your back pain or neck pain caused by a pinched nerve. Watch out for these severe symptoms.
Can a CT scan detect sciatica?
To diagnose the cause of your sciatica, you may need to have some imaging tests. You may have an x-ray or a computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan. If it’s possible you have a herniated disc or spinal stenosis that’s causing your sciatica, your doctor may order a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test.
Which is more accurate MRI or CT scan?
Both MRIs and CT scans can view internal body structures. However, a CT scan is faster and can provide pictures of tissues, organs, and skeletal structure. An MRI is highly adept at capturing images that help doctors determine if there are abnormal tissues within the body. MRIs are more detailed in their images.
What test shows nerve damage?
A nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test — also called a nerve conduction study (NCS) — measures how fast an electrical impulse moves through your nerve. NCV can identify nerve damage. During the test, your nerve is stimulated, usually with electrode patches attached to your skin.
Can a CT scan detect back problems?
A CT scan is one of many imaging tests your doctor may use to investigate problems with your spine. This includes pain due to injuries, disease, or infection. Other reasons your doctor might order a lumbar CT scan include: back pain accompanied by fever.
Can you see inflammation on a CT scan?
A CT scan can reveal a tumor in the abdomen, and any swelling or inflammation in nearby internal organs. It can show any lacerations of the spleen, kidneys, or liver.
What a CT scan does not show?
Where MRI really excels is showing certain diseases that a CT scan cannot detect. Some cancers, such as prostate cancer, uterine cancer, and certain liver cancers, are pretty much invisible or very hard to detect on a CT scan. Metastases to the bone and brain also show up better on an MRI.
Will a CT scan show arthritis?
For people with arthritis, CT is typically used for examining joints that are deep in the body and difficult to assess with conventional x-ray, especially in the spine or pelvis.
What shows up as white on a CT scan?
CT is based on the same principles as regular X-ray. The X-rays are absorbed differently by the different parts of the body. Bone absorbs the most X-rays, so the skull appears white on the image. Water (in the cerebral ventricles or fluid-filled cavities in the middle of the brain) absorbs little, and appears black.
Would a CT scan show nerve damage?
A CT scan will highlight any problems with bone and tissue, but they won’t help much in determining nerve damage. X-rays, also, are not very effective in picking up neural subtleties, but they will show if there is a break, fracture, or if something is out of place in the musculoskeletal system.
Will a CT scan show muscle damage?
Doctors can look at CT scan images to see the position, size and shape of muscles, bones and organs. A CT scan shows muscle damage and bone abnormalities. You can get a muscle or bone CT scan on any area of your body. Your doctor may request you to get a CT scan with or without an iodine-based contrast.
Does a CT show infection?
If you have a condition like cancer, heart disease, emphysema, or liver masses, CT scans can spot it or help doctors see any changes. They show internal injuries and bleeding, such as those caused by a car accident. They can help locate a tumor, blood clot, excess fluid, or infection.
Why would a doctor order a CT scan?
Your doctor may recommend a CT scan to help: Diagnose muscle and bone disorders, such as bone tumors and fractures. Pinpoint the location of a tumor, infection or blood clot. Guide procedures such as surgery, biopsy and radiation therapy.
How serious is nerve damage?
But sometimes, nerve damage can be permanent, even if the cause is treated. Long-term (chronic) pain can be a major problem for some people. Numbness in the feet can lead to skin sores that do not heal. In rare cases, numbness in the feet may lead to amputation.
How does a neurologist check for nerve damage?
By measuring the electrical activity they are able to determine if there is nerve damage, the extent of the damage and potentially the cause of the damage. Frequently the neurologist will recommend common, noninvasive neurological evaluations such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing.
What does a trapped nerve feel like?
Pinched nerve signs and symptoms include: Numbness or decreased sensation in the area supplied by the nerve. Sharp, aching or burning pain, which may radiate outward. Tingling, pins and needles sensations (paresthesia)
Can a CT scan detect bacterial infection?
The combination of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) now allows identification of anatomic areas of infection, as identified by radiologic signs of consolidation or abscess formation.
Will an MRI scan show nerve damage?
MRI is sensitive to changes in cartilage and bone structure resulting from injury, disease, or aging. It can detect herniated discs, pinched nerves, spinal tumors, spinal cord compression, and fractures. | <urn:uuid:4da365bf-39bf-441f-adac-95e95bd2fe9a> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://riparianrestorationconnection.com/qa/will-a-ct-scan-show-nerve-damage.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178364008.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210302125936-20210302155936-00463.warc.gz | en | 0.91879 | 1,596 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Scrabble word: SLIDE
In which Scrabble dictionary does SLIDE exist?
Definitions of SLIDE in dictionaries:
- noun - a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study
- noun - (geology) the descent of a large mass of earth or rocks or snow etc.
- noun - (music) rapid sliding up or down the musical scale
- noun - plaything consisting of a sloping chute down which children can slide
- noun - the act of moving smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with it
- noun - a transparency mounted in a frame
- noun - sloping channel through which things can descend
- verb - move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner
- verb - to pass or move unobtrusively or smoothly
- verb - move smoothly along a surface
- To move over a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous contact.
- To coast on a slippery surface, such as ice or snow.
- To pass smoothly and quietly; glide: slid past the door without anyone noticing.
- To go unattended or unacted upon: Let the matter slide.
- To lose a secure footing or positioning; shift out of place; slip: slid on the ice and fell.
- To move downward: Prices began to slide.
- To return to a less favorable or less worthy condition.
- To drop down and skid, usually feet first, into a base to avoid being put out.
- A sliding movement or action.
- A smooth surface or track for sliding, usually inclined: a water slide.
- A playground apparatus for children to slide on, typically consisting of a smooth chute mounted by means of a ladder.
- A part that operates by sliding, as the U-shaped section of tube on a trombone that is moved to produce various tones.
- An image on a transparent base for projection on a screen.
- A small glass plate for mounting specimens to be examined under a microscope.
- A fall of a mass of rock, earth, or snow down a slope; an avalanche or a landslide.
- A slight portamento used in violin playing, passing quickly from one note to another.
- These verbs mean to move smoothly and continuously over or as if over a slippery surface.
- adj - to move smoothly along a surface [v SLID, SLIDDEN, SLIDING, SLIDES] : SLIDABLE | <urn:uuid:86705129-9fbd-4b66-965d-8c164be55130> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.anagrammer.com/scrabble/slide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657140379.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011220-00143-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882622 | 519 | 3.25 | 3 |
What were the characteristics of Great Britain's economic relationship with India in the 17th and 18th centuries? How would you explain their success in their competition with the Dutch?© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com September 26, 2018, 4:52 am ad1c9bdddf - https://brainmass.com/economics/political-economics/european-economic-history-16185
Initially, the British traders had come to India with hopes of selling British Broadcloth, but were disappointed to find little demand for it. Instead they found several Indian-made items they could sell quite profitably in their homeland. Competing with other European traders the early British Traders were in no position to dictate terms. They had to seek concessions with a measure of humility and offer trade terms that offered at least some benefits to the local rulers and merchants. The East India Company was willing to persevere; fighting and cajoling for concessions to build trading bases.
The British made much money in India owing to their legally ...
The European economic history is analyzed. The characteristics of Great Britain's economic relationship with India in the 17th and 18th centuries are provided. | <urn:uuid:5053cd92-76fe-4558-9f91-7aa29740eaa6> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://brainmass.com/economics/political-economics/european-economic-history-16185 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267164469.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926081614-20180926102014-00162.warc.gz | en | 0.97877 | 241 | 3.703125 | 4 |
September 1, 2020
But the big problem with these basic calorie counts is that they are often oversimplified and misleading. Our own research shows that each of us responds very differently to meals containing exactly the same back-of-the-pack calorie information.
So, should you be focusing on calories to be healthier and control your weight in the long term? We believe the answer lies in better understanding your own body and letting your biology do the work.
The concept of the calorie was originally invented by scientists to measure the energy stored in a material and is now used as a measure of how much energy is in our food. What we refer to as a ‘calorie’ today is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
(To be pedantic, it’s actually 1,000 calories – technically known as a kilocalorie or kcal – but it’s usually called a calorie to make the numbers easier to handle).
The FDA and government bodies around the world have issued guidelines about how many calories a person should eat to maintain a healthy weight, based on their age, sex, and activity level. For female adults, this ranges from 1600 to 2400 calories, and for males from 2000 to 3200 calories.
The great thing about using units of energy to measure our food is that it makes maintaining our weight simple (in theory). The law of the conservation of energy demands that all energy must go somewhere, so it is easy to understand that we must burn the calories we eat or they are stored in our body.
None of us can break the laws of physics, so to lose weight, we must therefore eat fewer calories than we burn, right? Unfortunately counting calories in and calories out isn’t always as simple as it seems.
One of the first problems people encounter when trying to count calories is human error. People are notoriously bad at measuring and logging their food. What’s more, food prepared by a person instead of an automated process can vary wildly in terms of calorie content.
We don’t all burn the same food with the same efficiency. Our genetics, the bacteria that live in our gut, and many other factors can affect how we respond to food and absorb calories.
As a result, even if the calorie counts on food packaging were correct for the ‘average person’ they still wouldn’t be representative of how much energy your body will get from that food.
The results from our first nutrition study, PREDICT 1, showed that the basic properties of a food - such as the calories, grams of fat, protein and carbohydrate - only account for up to a third of people’s unique responses to food.
We gave participants exactly the same meal at the same time of day - a strange breakfast of three muffins and a milkshake, containing 50 grams of fat and 85 grams of carbohydrates and adding up to 830 calories. Then we measured how their blood sugar and fat levels changed over the following six hours.
Here’s some real-life data from a pair of identical twins in the study. Time is running along the bottom of the graphs, blood sugar or fat levels are up the side.
Twin 2’s responses are pretty healthy - their blood fat rises a little then heads back down, and their blood sugar rises aren’t too big. Their sibling is very different. Fat rapidly accumulates in their blood - something that may contribute to health problems like heart disease - and their blood sugar spikes are higher.
The fact that identical twins - who share all the same genes - respond so differently to exactly the same meal tells us that it’s not enough to look at the calorie listing on the back of the pack - you need to know how your body responds to a food to understand how it fits into your nutritional choices.
Our advice on counting calories? Don’t. It’s frustrating and, more often than not, ineffective.
Rather than focusing on calories, our approach is to go right to the root cause of poor metabolic health. By analyzing your blood, poop and other biological factors, ZOE provides you with a deeper understanding of your metabolic health.
We start by nourishing your body with the right foods for you, and allowing your biology to do all the work. But if you want to know how to be your healthiest weight and improve your gut health, you need to know how your body works.
© 2020 ZOE Global Limited | <urn:uuid:e5347dfc-db98-4dfc-a6d7-dd5e9de94541> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://joinzoe.com/post/calories | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.951819 | 933 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Psychological Hygiene: Here’s what the doctor ordered…
- August 22, 2016
- 0 Comments
- Brandy Baker
- Category: Mental Health Psychology Stress Wellbeing Wellness
The last time you went to the dentist and she reminded you to floss more regularly, maybe you nodded or giggled nervously, but certainly you didn’t walk out of her office thinking, “What a ridiculous suggestion!” You accepted it as a reasonable recommendation. And when you told yourself, “Self, it’s time to take better care of your teeth,” I doubt that your next thought was, “Gee, I’m so selfish and overindulgent.” Perhaps it’s because an expert told you to do it or perhaps it’s because it’s widely accepted in our culture that flossing is part of a solid oral hygiene routine, but for whatever reason you knew it was the right thing to do.
I’m making no judgments about whether you kept up your oral hygiene commitment. I am, however, making a judgment about our society’s lack of attention to the importance of psychological hygiene– the things that we do (or should be doing) on a regular basis to maintain good mental health. As a society, we seem to be a bit slower to jump on that bandwagon though there are some pretty clear reasons why to pursue it further. Intrigued? Good.
6 things to pay attention to right now for better psychological hygiene:
- Mindfulness. This is about being in the present moment– the right now– with intention and without judgment. With the fast-paced chaos many of us currently live in, a mindfulness practice is becoming more important than ever. Greater Good in Action and Mindful.org are two great resources for lots of easy activities.
- Exercise. Admittedly, most of us probably know that exercise is important to our wellbeing, but not everyone knows about all of the psychological benefits. Specifically, that exercise is also effective at treating psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. Pair up exercise with mindfulness and you’ve got an especially winning combination that recent research suggests can ward off and greatly relieve depressive symptoms.
- Sleep. Unhealthy sleep patterns may increase the risk of mental illness and lead to problems with emotional regulation, memory, and immune functioning. Some great resources for helping a child sleep include the American Academy of Pediatric’s sleep tips as well as our very own handout on getting a good night’s rest.
- Nutrition. For so many reasons, good nutrition is important to our overall health and we are learning more and more about this every day. It’s far too complicated to get into a detailed analysis of all of the ways that nutrition link to emotional wellbeing, but I’ll offer a few examples. Perhaps most intuitive is the fact that sugar affects mood and may even be contributing to depression and anxiety. We also now know that gut health is directly linked to emotional health. There are also many things that are being added to food and coming into contact with items we ingest (such as the teflon on our pans) that are considered toxins for the brain, particularly in children and have been linked to a variety of behavioral and emotional health problems such as aggression, ADHD, Autism, and other neurodevelopmental issues.
- Social Support. Hands down, social support is the most important buffering factor in times of stress, adversity and trauma. There are a series of fantastic long-term studies on this topic, which suggest that, for a child, the perception of having at least one invested adult is a significant protective factor.
- Play. Well, of course! In this wildly hectic world, adults and children alike are becoming workaholics and achievement addicts. It’s not that we can’t get enjoyment from work or school, but certainly a healthy balance is necessary. With the positive psychology movement, we’ve now learned about the importance of awe and the concept of flow, which are sometimes nice benefits of play.
Did you know that first aid for mental health also exists? Yup. It’s a real thing. It’s what you should do if you or someone you know is having a mental health crisis or a metaphorical emotional bruise, scrape or cut. I’d encourage you to read about it also.
My colleagues and I at Intuition Wellness Center specialize in counseling children, young adults and families and supporting other like-minded professionals in doing good work. Call 520-333-3320 for a free phone consultation.
Written by: Brandy Baker, Psy.D., Clinical Psychologist
Image by Yann (talk) – Own work, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7866365 | <urn:uuid:4f7249aa-62e2-43d4-8140-026e6108dbe1> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.intuitionwellness.com/psychological-hygiene-heres-what-the-doctor-ordered/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999814.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20190625072148-20190625094148-00456.warc.gz | en | 0.955169 | 1,010 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Students celebrate World Wetlands Day in the Everglades
First-year students in professors Royal Gardner and Lance Long’s Legal Research and Writing class had an opportunity to study environmental issues up close during a recent trip to the Florida Everglades.
Students camped and hiked through Big Cypress National Preserve in the Western Everglades.
The trip coincided with World Wetlands Day, held annually on Feb. 2, which celebrates the signing of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Professor Gardner, who directs Stetson’s Institute for Biodiversity Law & Policy, is chair of the Ramsar Scientific and Technical Review Panel.
In 2010, Stetson University College of Law became the first law school in the world to sign a memorandum of cooperation with the Ramsar Secretariat, to assist the international group in protecting wetlands. Stetson Law alumni and the National Audubon Society worked together on the application for the Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary in the Naples area to be designated as a Wetland of International Importance in 2009. Last year, Stetson Law 2012 graduate Marcela Bonells was appointed technical officer with the Ramsar Convention’s Secretariat in Switzerland.
To learn more about researching environmental issues at Stetson, visit the Institute for Biodiversity Law & Policy. >>Watch a short video about environmental advocacy with students and professors here.
Post date: Feb. 6, 2014
Media contact: Brandi Palmer | firstname.lastname@example.org
727-562-7381 office | 727-430-1580 cell | <urn:uuid:22fa272f-38e2-4f69-944b-69ca12c1d146> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.stetson.edu/law/news/index.php/2014/02/06/students-celebrate-world-wetlands-day-in-the-everglades/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277091.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00055-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907999 | 331 | 2.578125 | 3 |
While researching ONE SMALL CANDLE The Story of William Bradford and the Pilgrim Fathers, I discovered that within the group they were nearly all related by a system of marriage and re-marriage. This created a major research headache for me. I had lists on my walls of family trees with dates and offspring, because the children were often inter-related. I had to remember whose sister was whose wife. I also had to know where they came from, and at what point they joined the story
To begin with in 1608 the Pilgrims were a congregation of Separatists numbering 125 in Scrooby, a village situated at the point where Nottinghamshire met Yorkshire and the Lincolnshire town of Gainsborough was just ten miles east. Their ‘ruling elder’ was Richard Clifton, and John Robinson and William Brewster were also elders. Young William Bradford was in this congregation. Another congregation of Separatists was located in Gainsborough under the pastorship of John Smith.
In the early years of the 17th century, the religious persecution of Separatists was so bad that they lived in constant fear of being arrested, and others of their persuasion in London had been hanged at Tyburn. As a result, they decided to leave England for Holland, which country, unlike England, allowed freedom of worship. The congregation in Gainsborough were the first to move to Holland and they settled in Amsterdam. The Scrooby congregation followed in dribs and drabs in 1607-9 and at first joined themselves to John Smith’s group.
However, there was a huge difference of opinion between the Scrooby elders and John Smith’s idea of scriptural truth, so the Scrooby contingent attached themselves to yet another group of Separatists in Amsterdam called the Ancient Brethren. They did not agree with them either, and there was trouble brewing there when one of the elders was accused of child molestation. In short order, they decamped again and moved to Leyden to form their own group under the leadership of John Robinson, taking quite a few of the Ancient Brethren with them.
By this time, they had mixed with three hundred or more other Separatists. William Bradford later married Dorothy May in1613 whom he had met in Amsterdam, and their son Jonathan was born in 1615. Years later William Bradford married Alice Carpenter in Plymouth, NE, and they too first met in Amsterdam.
The Carpenter family, under the head Alexander, were Separatists from Somerset. After being associated with the second congregation in Amsterdam, they too moved to Leyden. Alice Carpenter (1590-1670) first married Edward Southworth, and had two sons by him, Constant (1615-1679) and Thomas (1616-1669). Her sister Agnes (d. c. 1615) married Samuel Fuller (d.1633) , while another sister, Julianna, married George Morton in 1612 and Manasseh Kempton in 1627 in New England, and Priscilla Carpenter married William Wright (1588-1633 m. in New England in 1627).
The Whites were another large family. Catherine, born 1580 married George Leggatt first, and John Carver secondly (before they ever left England.) The Carvers were passengers on the Mayflower and John became the first governor of the Plymouth Colony. Sadly he died in 1621, and William Bradford became the next governor. The Carvers had two children, but both died in infancy in Leyden.
Catherine’s sister Bridget White married John Robinson the ‘ruling elder’ of the Leyden congregation. John Robinson was the driving force behind the emigration to New England, although he never made the voyage. The White clan included Charles, Thomas, Roger (who married Elizabeth Wales), Edward, Jane, who married Ralph Thickens in Leyden and Frances who married Francis Jessop. Their cousin William White married Susannah Fuller, sister of Edward and Sam Fuller. When he died of the sickness in Plymouth, she married Edward Winslow in May 1621.
If you’ve lost track by this point, then perhaps you can sympathise with me. I have lists of Mayflower passengers, Speedwell passengers, Anne passengers, Little Fortune passengers. Lists of congregation members in Scrooby, in Amsterdam, in Leyden, in London (before they left for America), who died in the sickness of 1620-21, who survived the sickness. You get the picture.
These days, all these lists are available on the internet. In the days when I did my research, there was no internet! Or if there was, I had not discovered it yet. It took me two years to write ONE SMALL CANDLE and I tried to record the events are as accurately as possible. However, my aim was not to make a dry history book. I wanted to discover what drove these people to such desperate lengths, what life must have been like for them.
Within historical information there is always room for interpretation. From the snippets of information available I had to devise personalities for the characters, understand their personal achievements or tragedies. I had to fabricate some conversation—although in some cases fabrication was unnecessary.
ONE SMALL CANDLE is not intended to be a definitive history book. It is intended to give an overall picture of the events, to bring the people to life.
I hope you enjoy it. | <urn:uuid:2031d4c5-ece6-4c55-9c67-433187939eef> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | http://www.evelyntidmanauthor.com/blog/historical-research-part-2-the-pilgrim-fathers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056892.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20210919160038-20210919190038-00582.warc.gz | en | 0.981914 | 1,123 | 2.53125 | 3 |
This post serves as both a scene prompt and a writing tip.
A common adage among writers is “show, don’t tell”. In other words, don’t explain everything that’s going on and everything character is thinking or feeling. Instead, use actions or perception to reveal what’s going on with a character, internally or externally, and let the readers draw conclusions. For instance, instead of saying “Yoniko was disappointed,” say “Yoniko’s smile faded as her shoulders dropped.”
Writing in this way prompts students to think of different ways to express the same thing. Students will have to use expressions and imagery – like native speakers do in most situations – instead of being straightforward. It may also expand their vocabulary usage (they’ve been using emotion words like ‘happy’ and ‘sad’ from a beginner level; let’s see them use other words that they should know individually in the same context to provide the same meaning with a richer reader experience). Finally, it can help students with their reasoning skills.
Set the Stage
First, give the students something to write about. It shouldn’t be a full story. More advanced students might want to do a short scene, but otherwise just a moment in time will suffice. Give the students a few things to work with:
a character – this could be a well-known character from pop-culture, or it could be original. The character could be well-defined or simple (eg. a police officer, an athletic woman, a boy who doesn’t fit in, etc.)
a location, and maybe a time – what’s going on around the character? Who and what can she/he interact with?
a focus – what is the character thinking about: work, a crush, an embarrassing situation, food? Maybe you prompt your students what a recent incident, and they have to tell you the character’s response to it. It’s up to you whether you dictate the emotion or let the students decide for themselves.
Now the students have something to write about. Again, there’s no story progression (unless you want there to be), so what the students write might be pretty short. A single paragraph may be enough.
Here are some things for your students to consider in order to indirectly (yet adequately) display how your character thinks and feels.
Perception Indicates Thought*
What the character is looking at (or smelling, tasting, hearing, or touching) should tell the reader what the character is thinking about. If the writer tells us that the character can’t stop looking at his pretty classmate, we know he fancies her. If the character is massaging her shoulder, maybe she’s thinking about a recent injury. If he keeps looking at his watch, he’s more concerned with the future than the present. If she’s smelling food, she’s probably hungry.
Breath Indicates Emotion*
How a character breathes reflects their immediate emotion. A gasp indicates surprise. A groan indicates annoyance. A sigh indicates boredom, annoyance, or relief. A gulp indicates dread. A chuckle indicates amusement. Held breath indicates fear or anticipation.
Body Language Indicates Emotion
Body language – including facial expressions – reveals emotions. Confusion may be conveyed by scratching one’s head; disbelief by raising an eyebrow; suspicion by narrowing one’s eyes; eagerness by leaning forward; reservation by crossing one’s arms; etc.
Movement Indicates Intent*
How the characters moves, and what they move toward or from, informs the readers of the character’s intention. If she moves toward another person, she intends to interact with him. If he reaches out a hand, he probably wants to build up a relationship. If she keeps shifting her weight, she might be looking for an excuse to leave. If he stops walking, he’s probably hesitant.
I’ve given a bunch of examples of these four tools, but there are plenty of others I haven’t covered. Before your student begin writing the actual scene, have a brainstorming session with them. Body language alone could take half a lesson; there are so many options.
Share the Snapshots
Once every student has written their moment in time – or their snapshot of their character’s life – have each of them read it aloud. If you’ve given everyone the same prompts, it’ll be interesting to compare how different students showed the same thoughts and feelings in different ways.
Another option is to give them all separate prompts. Then after each students reads their snapshot aloud, the other students have to guess what the character was thinking about, and how they felt about it.
* Some of the ideas for how to show thought, emotion, and intent come from the advice of Mary Robinette Kowal, a writer and puppeteer. | <urn:uuid:5b73c949-b15f-41e2-b7b7-88384e8c366c> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.insightstoenglish.com/project/show-dont-tell | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224655143.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608204017-20230608234017-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.942102 | 1,043 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Presentation on theme: "Bullying, is it Possible to Change Childrens View About it ? Ansia Jalani Ed. 702.22 Fall 2009."— Presentation transcript:
Bullying, is it Possible to Change Childrens View About it ? Ansia Jalani Ed. 702.22 Fall 2009
Table of Contents Research Design Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity Proposed Data Proposed Data Analysis References
Research Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design One single group is pre tested (O), exposed to treatment (X) and post tested again (O). Symbolic design - OXO
Possible Threats to Internal Validity History Students yelling and walking in the hallways. Testing/Pre-testing Sensitization Based on the first survey students will feel that they know what to say on the second survey. Instrumentation Students can lie on the surveys if they do not want to write down the truth. Morality Some students may stop coming to the school. Differential Selection of Subjects Every student has their own personality and their own mind. They all differ from their classmates.
Possible Threats to External Validity Ecological Depending on the environment a student if from they might have different views from other students. Genereliazble Conditions Depending upon number of students and age and location of students the results will be different. Pretest-Treatment Student will feel like they have to write down positive answers. Selection treatment Interaction Students who perform the skit will be students. Multiple Treatment Students will receive a group talk and watch a skit.
Pre-Survey and Post Survey One question chosen from Pre-survey and Post survey. Pre-survey question # 3 Do you bully a younger brother or sister? Post-survey question # 3 Do you continue to bully a younger brother or sister?
Proposed Data (Pre-survey and Post-survey) Linear graph represents pre and post survey data. There are three points that overlap one another. Those three children had the same answers in the pre and post survey. The points are; 3,1;2,4 and 2,2. X Y Student 1 - 4 4 Student 2 - 3 1 Student 3 - 2 4 Student 4 - 2 2 Student 5 - 4 1 Student 6 - 2 4 Student 7 - 3 3 Student 8 - 2 2 Student 9 - 3 1 Student 10 - 3 4
Proposed Data (Bar Graph) Orange represents (X) made up data for post survey. Purple represents (Y) actual pre-survey question results. XY Student 1 - 44 Student 2 - 31 Student 3 - 24 Student 4 - 22 Student 5 - 41 Student 6 - 24 Student 7 - 33 Student 8 - 22 Student 9 - 31 Student 10 - 34
Proposed Data (Average Analysis) Orange represents X, purple represents Y. This bar graph shows the average of each of the answers for the two surveys. X Y 2.11.8 1.91.6 2.82.6 2.1 2.4 2.51.8 2.21.5 2.22.3 2.7 2.11.5
Proposed Data Analysis Correlation = -0.18783. There was no correlation.
References OOconnor-Petruso, S.,(2008). Statistics, Scales, Analyses, Threats, and Design. Presented at a EDU 703.22 lecture at Brooklyn College. | <urn:uuid:07ae3aaf-d17d-4674-b7dc-e029c953eae7> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://slideplayer.com/slide/251938/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221214691.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819031801-20180819051801-00215.warc.gz | en | 0.89259 | 709 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Many of you may have laughed at Zack tonight because he confused a picture of the Solar System with a model of the atom. But, building on that similarity a century ago won Niels Bohr a Nobel Prize.
Is that represent a planetary system or an atom?
A planet, left alone, would travel in a straight line, at a constant speed, forever. That observation is so important, it became Newton’s First Law: “Every body remains in a state of rest or uniform motion (constant velocity) unless it is acted upon by an external unbalanced force.” Like the Pioneer Spacecrafts launched in 1972 and 73, at our current speed we’d leave the Solar System behind in just a few decades. So if Earth is traveling in near circles around the Sun, then a force must be acting on it. What could be simpler? But actually there are a number of subtleties that trip up and sometimes even amaze our first-year physics students:
Newton’s second law says that a force, such as the attraction of gravity between the Sun and the Earth, causes a directly proportional change of acceleration: “Force equals mass times acceleration”. Acceleration is just a definition: a change in velocity per time. When you say your car goes from “zero to 60 mph” in 10 seconds, that’s a description of its acceleration. But the Earth’s speed changes by less than 2% from its average over the course of a year and its average has barely ever changed in over 4 billion years. If our orbit were perfectly circular, it would not even change at all. What happened to all that acceleration that the force must produce? The missing point is that velocity is not just speed, but also direction. Every six months, the Earth completely changes its direction as viewed from the Sun. In such a circular orbit, the acceleration changes the direction of the motion not its rate…so velocity is still changing.
Newton’s second law also says the acceleration points along the same direction as the force. A common misconception is that the acceleration of the planet in circular orbit points along the direction of motion. But the force of gravity points along a line between the Earth and Sun. So the acceleration cannot be pointing along the direction of such a planet’s motion. The acceleration must somehow point along the same line between the Earth and Sun. That is, it points at right angles to motion along the circular orbit. So the planet changes direction but not speed and is still accelerating. A planet in circular motion can be acted on by a force forever, but its speed and thus energy never change.
Richard Feynman put a fine point on it. In the time of Kepler, many stated that the Earth moved because angels pulled the Earth along, flying ahead of the planet. Newton showed us though that this model cannot be correct. The angels must be pulling on us inward towards the Sun, thereby creating our (essentially) circular orbit.
Back in the early 1900’s, the existence of atoms, indivisible units of the known elements, was largely, and correctly, in favor. What nobody knew, was the structure of an atom itself. Theories abounded, that were all reasonable. In the “plum pudding” model guessed by J.J. Thompson, the discoverer of the electron, there was an equal mix of positive and negative charges (protons and electrons) all mixed up uniformly in a kind of goo. Not a bad guess but wrong. Another model described atoms as cubes, with electrons at the corners. A Japanese physicist, Hantaro Nagaoka, guessed a model with electrons surrounding a central positive charge arranged in a single disk, at a constant radius, much like a narrow ring of Saturn.
All these models were reasonable. In fact the plum pudding model turned out later not to be a bad explanation for the structure of the nucleus. No amount of theoretical calculating would resolve the impasse. It took an experiment to point the right way forward. In Ernest Rutherford’s lab, evidence was seen that alpha particle (positively charged particles) scattered off of a densely packed solid nucleus. So the closest winner among the predictions above was the Saturn-like, or planetary model—which unfortunately predicted essentially nothing correctly.
Niels Bohr quickly refined that model to one with electrons orbiting a central nucleus at different distances. He had the electrons orbit the central nucleus at a constant speed and distance, much like a planet, but with the force of gravity replaced by the force of static electricity between the (negatively charged) electron and (positively charged) nucleus. He helped start quantum theory by assuming that, unlike planetary systems, electrons could only orbit the atom’s central nucleus at specific, fixed distances.
Experiment showed that Bohr’s model worked better than the Saturn model because it explained the specific values of light frequencies emitted by atoms. That left us with the picture of the atom so popular in popular culture, with little electrons zipping around a central nucleus just like planets around the Sun.
The planetary model of the atom is most familiar. It was the first to make good predictions. But it does not work completely.
Almost immediately physicists knew that Bohr’s planetary model of the atom could not be the final story. It is a fact that accelerated electrons radiate power. That is actually how a radio transmitter works, it accelerates the electrons in a metal antenna. But since atoms can be stable forever, with their orbiting (accelerating) electrons, something was wrong. Bohr finessed the issue by saying an electron could not move closer than a minimum radius. But worse problems could not be solved. An electron truly orbiting a central charge would do so in a particular direction, and therefore have angular momentum. But experiments said otherwise, that it could even be zero. No orbit around a central body can have zero angular momentum.
Ultimately the planetary model was killed by these disagreements with data. Only the with advent of the full quantum mechanics, including the Shroedinger wave equation, could a picture be made consistent with all that was observed. In this, better working, picture the lowest energy electrons exist in a kind of cloud around the nucleus, with nothing orbiting at all. Unfortunately, when quantum mechanics becomes key, there is no familiar system, such as planets’ orbits, to compare it to.
In the modern picture of an atom, there are no orbits, just a cloud of probability of finding the electron.
Zack wouldn’t confuse a cloud of electron probability with a planetary system. Since the planetary model of the atom is dead, one could even say his was a better guess than Leonard’s.
In a strange way Zack had a point when he said, “That’s what I love about science–there’s no one right answer.” Science typically moves forward with multiple of guesses, such as the Saturn ring model of the atom. Several explanations often co-exist until experiments weigh in and pick some, one, or none.
No wonder Zack wants to “talk science with the science dudes.” | <urn:uuid:873c902a-a8f6-41ea-ba84-c0f25a1c4881> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://thebigblogtheory.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768397.103/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00137-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956301 | 1,481 | 4.1875 | 4 |
What moved the good abbot to celebrate the first Mass for the girl's father?
- The girl begged him.
- Her tears and supplications moved him!
- Astonishingly, Jesus taught us this same example of the power of tears and fervent supplications to save from death and suffering:
In the days when He was in the flesh, He offered prayers and supplications with loud cries and tears to the One who was able to save Him from death, and He was heard because of His reverence. -Hebrews 5:7
Why do you think God worked through a little child to bring about the release of her father’s soul?
- God wants us to realize that children are also empowered to help release souls!
- God wants your children to step up and do their part to free souls and turn the tide of the battle, so that the Kingdom of God comes on earth as it is in Heaven.
- God made children to follow their parents lead. Will you lead them? | <urn:uuid:22742a9f-7452-48a1-bdea-4696842c5745> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.strongcatholicdad.com/see-for-yourself/guide/58/video/even-children-can-release-souls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662529658.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519172853-20220519202853-00260.warc.gz | en | 0.976755 | 212 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Dogs are our best friends, so you’d be forgiven for thinking you know all there is to know about your pup. You’d be wrong, though: science has a lot to say about our furry friends, from whether they understand you to how they can help your health.
So, it’s time to brush up on some amazing facts all about dogs. Oh, and don’t forget dogs really do love you.
Your pup may be much older than you think
The idea that dogs age seven years for every human year is a myth, scientists have claimed.
University of California researchers said they have also found puppies are middle-aged by the time they are two, although dogs tend to age more slowly than humans in later life.
By the time they get to three – and are possibly still getting away with things due to being considered young – dogs are closer in age to a 50-year-old human, according to the university’s research.
The way to calculate your dog’s age in human years, say the researchers, is through this formula: age in human years = 16 * ln(age in dog years) + 31, where ‘ln’ means the natural log.
According to this formula, the Labrador DNA was equivalent to a human in their early 40s by the age of two, rather than the 14-year-old, which the traditional formula would suggest. However, ageing slows in dogs over time, meaning that by the age of 10, a Labrador is similar to a person aged 68.
…But they still went through a stroppy teenage phase
Humans are not alone in going through the emotional rollercoaster of puberty. UK scientists have found dogs endure a similar phase during adolescence at around eight months of age.
They warn that puberty can be a vulnerable time for dogs, especially if they are rehomed at this age.
They analysed how obedient the dogs were before adolescence, when they were around five months old, and during adolescence, when they reached eight months of age. The researchers looked at the “trainability” of the dogs, using a questionnaire to assess whether they were able to follow commands.
They found dogs were harder to train when they were going through puberty and more likely to ignore commands given by their owners. This behaviour was more pronounced in dogs which felt insecure about their relationships with their caregivers, the researchers said.
The experts also found female dogs were more likely to reach puberty early if they had insecure attachments, characterised by higher levels of attention seeking and separation anxiety, to their owners.
Study leader Dr Lucy Asher said: “It’s very important that owners don’t punish their dogs for disobedience or start to pull away from them emotionally at this time. This would be likely to make any problem behaviour worse, as it does in human teens.”
They really do understand what you say to them
Who’s a clever boy? Many dog owners who talk to their pooches are convinced that their words are being understood. It turns out they may be right.
A study at Emory University has found that dogs have a basic understanding of words, are able to distinguish words they have heard before from those they haven’t, and are eager to try to understand what is being said to them.
They found that there was more activation in the auditory regions of the dogs’ brains when they reacted to the novel words, suggesting that they sensed that their owners wanted them to understand what they were saying, and were trying to do so.
Your best friend recognises your voice
Research shows that man’s best friend is able to identify when someone new is speaking, or when they are saying a new word. Humans can recognise who is speaking from the voice alone, and can also recognise the same word spoken by different people.
Researchers from the University of Sussex looked at whether domestic dogs could also spontaneously recognise the same word when spoken by different people, including people they were unfamiliar with.
They filmed the reaction of dogs when they heard recordings of men and women speaking a set of short words that sound similar to each other, such as had, hid, heard and heed.
The dogs in the study were recorded hearing the same word said by different speakers, or the same speaker saying different words.
According to the study published in Biology Letters, they were able to listen to different people saying the same word and recognise it as the same word, ignoring the differences between speakers. The dogs also discriminated between unfamiliar people by the sound of their voice alone.
And it’s not just your words they understand
They say you cannot teach an old dog new tricks, but what if it is a stray?
Scientists have examined whether the ability of man’s best friend to follow commands is innate or exclusively learned through training. A study published in Frontiers in Psychology suggests untrained stray dogs can understand human pointing gestures.
The study showed that about 80 per cent of participating dogs successfully followed pointing gestures to a specific location, despite having never received prior training.
Researchers said this suggests the animals can understand complex gestures by simply watching humans. They added that this could have implications in reducing conflict between stray dogs and humans.
This suggests that the four-legged creatures could decipher complex gestures, researchers said.
Having a dog is good for your health
Our four-legged friends have long been praised for their ability to help mental wellbeing, reducing anxiety and loneliness, but less has been reported about how they might have a positive effect on physical health.
Combining patient data of 3.8 million people from multiple studies, including England, researchers found owning a dog can lead to better cardiovascular outcomes, especially for heart attack and stroke survivors who live alone.
Scientists at the American Heart Association say that, compared to those without a pet dog, owners experienced a 24 per cent reduced risk of all-cause mortality and are 65 per cent less likely to die after a heart attack. Those who had suffered cardiovascular-related issues were also 31 per cent less likely to pass away.
Therapy dogs in hospital can lower your anxiety
Petting a dog can help anxious patients awaiting treatment in casualty departments to relax, according to research carried out by a team from the University of Saskatchewan, in Canada.
The stress-reducing effects of therapy dogs have already been put to use in hospital wards to help patients who are recuperating or recovering from surgery. There is growing evidence to suggest interacting with the canines not only reduces a patient’s anxiety, heart rate and blood pressure, but also increases their production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to feelings of pleasure and well-being.
The 124 patients who took part in the study met the dog (a spaniel called Murphy) for between 10 and 30 minutes. The group included people who were suffering from cardiac complaints, fractures, psychiatric issues, and chronic pain.
The patients filled out questionnaires after their encounter with Murphy and the overwhelming majority of their answers suggested they felt better as a result of the meeting – 80 per cent of them said they felt happier and calmer.
Dogs can even be trained as medical professionals
As far back as the 16th Century, dogs were used as guides for blind people. Since then, they’ve come to play a much wider role in healthcare.
Today, guide dogs have been joined by medical detection dogs that have been trained to sniff out cancer, along with various other medical conditions including type 1 diabetes, severe nut allergies and Addison’s disease (a rare disorder of the adrenal glands), and soon possibly even Parkinson’s disease and malaria as well.
Previous studies have found that medical detection dogs show promise in sniffing out disease but more rigorous proof has yet to be produced. Now, after the recent completion of the first large-scale study into the abilities of medical detection dogs, that’s now changed – at least as far as dogs trained to sniff out type 1 diabetes are concerned.
Their noses are cold for a very good reason
A scientific study has answered a question on a lot of people’s lips about a lot of dogs’ noses: Why are they so cold?
While it has been widely assumed the phenomenon is related to body temperature regulation, researchers have now revealed it is because dogs’ noses serve as ultra-sensitive heat detectors.
In a study published in Scientific Reports, a team of researchers from Sweden and Hungary found when the ambient temperature is 30°C, a dog’s rhinarium – the bare end point of the nose – is some five degrees cooler. If the outside temperature is 0°C, a dog’s nose will be around eight degrees. The two factors equal out at 15°C.
The researchers believed such differences suggested the tip of the nose served a sensory function, and that hypothesis has been proven correct. The study showed a dog’s nose can detect often very faint heat sources – such as the presence of a small mammal – from 1.5 metres away.
The research team from Sweden’s Lund University and the Eotvos Lorand University in Hungary studied three dogs – Kevin, Delfi and Charlie – who were trained to identify which of two identical four-inch wide objects had been heated to around 12 degrees warmer than room temperature.
Read more amazing facts about animals: | <urn:uuid:d14b8fca-cbb0-4379-a517-90a0036fe04a> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/dog-facts-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178370752.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20210305091526-20210305121526-00361.warc.gz | en | 0.979393 | 1,933 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Superheroes Devotional for Kids: 60 Inspirational Readings
Superhero movies captivate your imagination and fill your sense with heart-pounding adventures, exciting plots, and spectacular special effects- and often they have important messages woven into them.
Whether it's the self-sacrifice and humility of Captain America and the Hulk's struggles with anger or the parallels between Superman and Jesus or between Black Widow and a ruthless Bible heroine, your favourite heroes and heroines (and even villains) have much to teach.
Read on, True Believer, and may you draw inspiration and encouragement from the characters and stories that you know and love from comicbook pages and movies alike.
For ages 8-12. | <urn:uuid:bc164050-cf92-4a2b-8018-b6d85df3df33> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://rockonline.sg/products/superheroes-devotional-for-kids | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257100.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523043611-20190523065611-00357.warc.gz | en | 0.914259 | 146 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Tooth Care Tips for Kids: How to Keep Your Child’s Teeth Healthy
A wide array of skill development Courses in Indian NGOs
If you are in India, you can find government NGOs and non-government NGOs for helping the people who are in need. NGOs are working in wide sectors to help and develop the Indian Economy by reducing the challenges faced by people to live peacefully. From both the government and non-government skill development ngo, you can find various plans and schemes. That is applicable to the people according to their economical standard. Get to know the courses which are highly learned by people in NGOs by reading more this manuscript.
E-skill learning through the portal
You can enhance your skills to operate the digital devices and digital services that are available in the world. Some Education ngo is training the students to be smart in accessing the digital devices. Also, the educators in this session will teach the students to access the application or service in regional languages. It improves the interest of people to know more about a variety of e-courses and online learning solutions.
Increasing capacity in skilling
When the student or employee needs to increase their skill in interesting things, they can get trained under NGO programs. Advanced modern training centers are available under the NGO programs to train the student to be skilled against the recent trends. You can use the machines related to your interested industrial field to develop your skills. Through these courses, NGOs are making the student take part in every department in their interested field.
In recent days, get employed under a company without experience and skill becomes a hectic task. By considering this fact, NGOs come forward to provide apprenticeship programs for students to get employ under popular organizations due to their skill. In these programs, students are getting the train and retain as a high-quality employee to eradicate threats in the work sector.
The practice of standard and quality assurance
Engagement of professionals in the workplace can create standard quality in projects. The platform of skill development ngo is the nourishing skill ecosystem. It helps the training students to launch new innovations which are required for the current trends. Skill development courses from NGO are creating a platform for people to know the standard and fraudulent quality in services. By providing qualification pack NGOs are developing the training students.
CSR and partnership with industry
Some people in India are uneducated and they seem hard to transform their lifestyle development. Therefore, to empower youth and uneducated people, Education ngo are conducting regional workshops to provide vocational training for peoples.
It helps them to increase their employability. Even skill-based courses, especially for people above the age of 14 yrs, are available in the NGOs scheme to empower their life. Career Service courses as beauty courses, tailoring courses are available in NGO to empower rural women by reducing their rural-urban migration.
The worthy takeaway
Interested candidates and urban-rural people are training under the NGO skill development courses to get enrolled and gain rewards at their profession. Through these schemes and plans from private or government agencies, both the trainee and training will get financial support. | <urn:uuid:7bfd6177-7901-435f-9d0f-9f9876cc6bd2> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.gossiboocrew.com/a-wide-array-of-skill-development-courses-in-indian-ngos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945372.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325191930-20230325221930-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.96319 | 635 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A photo of a giant squid on the California coast is nothing but a hoax. The photo went viral after it was posted online with an article describing its origin. The article claims the squid grew uncontrollably due to radiation from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant.
Although the Lightly Braised Turnip website is obviously meant to be satire, the photo and information went viral on several social media sites, including Facebook. However, the photo was quite obviously altered.
On March 11, 2011, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. As a result, radioactive material leaked out of the plant and contaminated the surrounding area. Although some of the material likely reached the Pacific Ocean, the extent of the contamination is unknown.
Radioactive material is certainly a concern, as it is a potential threat to our ecosystem and personal health. The satire website took advantage of that fear and the recent discovery of an oarfish along the California coast.
The website’s first mistake was exaggerating the size of the oarfish. Although the fish was truly rare, it was not 100 feet long as they suggest. As reported by CBS News, the fish was actually closer to 20 feet long, which is within the normal range for an oarfish.
In the article, the giant squid is described as 160 feet long. Its immense size is blamed on a genetic mutation, which is labeled as “radioactive gigantism.” The article continues, citing numerous scientists who reportedly verify the possibility.
One “expert” discusses the possibility of “tuna fish that could feed a city the size of Austin, Texas.” Another suggests sharks could become “the size of a Manhattan skyscraper.”
As these mutant creatures could wreak havoc, the article also suggests the US Coast Guard issued a warning along the central and southern coasts of California. The alerts are reportedly in place to warn residents to “use caution” when visiting the beach.
The giant squid photo used on the hoax website was taken from an actual event that occurred last year. In October, a giant squid did in fact wash up on a Spanish beach. According to Live Science, the squid was rare and quite large. However, it is not a monster, it is not radioactive, and it does not suffer from “radioactive gigantism.”
The giant squid was closer to 30 feet long and weighed around 400 pounds, which is not unusual. The Spanish squid was transported to the Maritime Museum of Cantabria for further study. However, photos of the squid are obviously still making the rounds. | <urn:uuid:09fd1ae3-38e1-4e78-a20f-9a76c01876ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.inquisitr.com/1090142/giant-squid-on-california-coast-is-a-hoax/source/taboola/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320049.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623100455-20170623120455-00544.warc.gz | en | 0.976307 | 541 | 3.125 | 3 |
The idea that there is one Black History Month (February) or one International Women’s Day (March 8th) or one Indigenous People’s Day (the second Monday in October) is a limited frame for sure, and many argue that these special “celebrations” give way to a continued lack of attention or interest in the history for the rest of the year. No doubt that is true, and I am writing this week about Black Americans not because it’s Black History Month, but because I have recently read an important new book titled Past Due: Why Reparations to Black Americans and American Indians Are Overdue: Featuring One White Woman’s Debt. You can download it for free on Amazon — it’s free because the intention is to educate, inform and ignite conversations and action.
“Reparations is a charged idea that was not even on my radar screen,” says co-author Angie Allen. “But once I started a deep dive into the history of the attempted genocide of American Indians and the confiscation of their land, and the atrocities committed against formerly enslaved Black Americans, I found irrefutable evidence that I – as a White person – had unfairly benefited at the expense of these groups of fellow human beings.”
In this diligently researched book, there are two voices — Angie Allen, a 70-something White Northern female and Courtney Carmichael, a 30-something Black Southern female. Together, Angie says, we created “what we hope is a useful, reference- and resource-filled manual for White Americans who want to learn more and pursue their own ‘re-redistribution’ of White privilege.”
A former investment banker, Angie began cataloging all of the benefits, privileges and opportunities that have come her way as a White person in an arbitrarily structured, falsely-based societal hierarchy.
She writes, “I realized that I have been complicit, and I began to map out a plan to rectify my own role in systems that continue to favor White Americans, a roadmap to put it right, at least in my own situation. I don’t call it reparations. I consider it to be re-redistribution.”
Whatever term is used to describe the need to repair the harm done to Black Americans and American Indian communities and to offer some form of redress, making reparations is not a new idea. The first call for reparations came more than a century ago…and from Black women leaders!
“Black women have created, led, and sustained the reparations movement for more than a hundred years,” writes Ashley Farmer this week in the Women’s Media Center blog. “Their efforts laid the groundwork for the increasing number of reparations bills, programs, and restitution funds of today.”
The mothers of the movement, Callie House and Audley Moore, “worked tirelessly petitioning the government for support for Black Americans” asserting “that Black people were due repayment not just for their unpaid slave labor but also for the systematic destruction of their culture, identity, and wealth, as well as the government’s denial of their constitutional rights under Jim Crow.”
Both of these women, Farmer notes, labored “on the margins for years, called crazy and unrealistic by those around them.” It wasn’t until 1989 that Rep. John Conyers introduced HR 40, which would establish a federal commission to study the history and “recommend appropriate remedies.” The 40 number refers to “the unfulfilled promise” the United States “made to freed slaves: that after the Civil War, they would get 40 acres and a mule.”
For three decades, Conyers continued to introduce HR 40 each and every year, without any forward movement. In 2021, the bill was introduced again by Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee and, for the first time, voted out of committee for consideration by the full House, and that’s the status today, more than a century since the first proposals were put forward.
But it’s important to note, as co-author Courtney Carmichael points out in her introduction to Past Due, “this bill is solely focused on Black Americans. There isn’t another bill out there to address what is owed American Indians, who have suffered at the hands of the government. …Reparations are needed for Black Americans and American Indians.” Some of you may have seen the 60 Minutes piece on Canada’s “cultural genocide” on indigenous children this past weekend, which I encourage to watch if you haven’t. It’s important to note that Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland has opened an investigation into American Indian boarding schools, and I’ll be writing more about that in coming weeks.
The current debate over teaching America’s racist history makes Past Due a timely book. As Angie says, “We have sharply divided views in America on racism at this very moment. Recent books, articles, podcasts, TV shows, and movies are shining a bright spotlight on our racist past and present. At the same time, societal upheaval indicates that there are also growing racial divides. This divisiveness means that this handbook, targeted at people classified as White in America, will likely appeal to some and not others.”
Past Due doesn’t lay out a roadmap for mass reparations or re-redistribution, and it’s important to recognize that there are currently efforts underway to shape ways to do both. Last year, Evanston, Illinois, became the first US city to pay reparations to Black residents, funding the payments through donations and revenues from a 3% tax on the sale of recreational marijuana. That effort was led by Alderman Robin Rue Simmons, who is also the founder and executive director of FirstRepair, a new not-for-profit organization that informs local reparations nationally. The city has pledged to distribute $10 million over 10 years. It’s a bold plan which hundreds of other cities and communities are watching closely as they consider their own reparations as a way to repair the harms of the past.
In Past Due, Angie and Courtney emphasize the importance of White people doing the work. For all of us, the work to repair, heal, and find sustainable means for reparations or re-redistribution must be intentional and deep, and it begins with being better informed.
“A guiding light for me in writing this book was to be both honest and upfront about the regrettable fact that it has taken me so long to begin examining my own White privilege,” writes Angie in the Preface. “I wish this true history and state of conditions would be incorporated into all American school textbooks. I wish I had learned it from the start.”
Learning this history and connecting it to the reckonings of the present should be a part of every American’s education, but currently there are organized groups in many states trying to prevent it. The profusion of education bills being introduced and passed across this country – legislation that censors history and seeks to restrict what students learn about America’s past by banning books and silencing teachers — makes the self-education that Angie and Courtney took upon themselves and share in this book all the more critical.
Knowing the history, as both authors of Past Due point out, is an important starting place for a journey of learning and acting in good faith. I am on this journey to learn and join the efforts to repair the harms of the past, a necessary step towards fulfilling the promise in the Pledge of Allegiance — “with liberty and justice for all.”
That is a promise past due. | <urn:uuid:79083f1d-8190-4bb2-ae1b-7977277b7faa> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://community.thriveglobal.com/past-due-connecting-the-dots-from-past-to-present-to-repair-the-harm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711151.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20221207085208-20221207115208-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.961565 | 1,613 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A multi-wire proportional chamber is a type of proportional counter that detects charged particles and photons and can give positional information on their trajectory, by tracking the trails of gaseous ionization.
The multi-wire chamber uses an array of wires at high voltage (anode), which run through a chamber with conductive walls held at ground potential (cathode). The chamber is filled with carefully chosen gas, such as an argon/methane mix, such that any ionizing particle that passes through the tube will ionize surrounding gaseous atoms. The resulting ions and electrons are accelerated by the electric field around the wire, causing a localised cascade of ionization known as a Townsend avalanche. This collects on the nearest wire and results in a charge proportional to the ionisation effect of the detected particle. By computing pulses from all the wires, the particle trajectory can be found.
Adaptions of this basic design are the thin gap, resistive plate and drift chambers. The drift chamber is also sub-divided into ranges of specific use in the chamber designs known as time projection, microstrip gas, and those types of detectors that use silicon.
In 1968, Georges Charpak, while at the European Organization for Nuclear Research in CERN, invented and developed the multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC). The chamber was an advancement of the earlier bubble chamber rate of detection of only one or two particles every second to 1000 particle detections every second. The MWPC produced electronic signals from particle detection allowing scientists to examine data via computers. The multi-wire chamber is a development of the spark chamber.
In a typical experiment, the chamber contains a mixture of these gases:
The chamber could also be filled with:
- liquid xenon;
- liquid tetramethylsilane; or
- tetrakis(dimethylamine)ethylene (TMAE) vapour.
For high energy physics experiments, it is used to observe a particle's path. For a long time, bubble chambers were used for this purpose, but with the improvement of electronics, it became desirable to have a detector with fast electronic read-out. (In bubble chambers, photographs were made, printed and then looked through.) A wire chamber is a chamber with many parallel wires, arranged as a grid and put on high voltage, with the metal casing being on ground potential. As in the Geiger counter, a particle leaves a trace of ions and electrons, which drift toward the case or the nearest wire, respectively. By marking off the wires which had a pulse of current, one can see the particle's path.
The chamber has a very good relative time resolution, good positional accuracy, and a self-triggered operation (Ferbel 1977).
The development of the chamber enabled scientists to study the trajectories of particles with much improved precision, and also for the first time observe and study the rarer interactions that occur through particle interaction.
If one also precisely measures the timing of the current pulses of the wires and takes into account that the ions need some time to drift to the nearest wire, one can infer the distance at which the particle passed the wire. This greatly increases the accuracy of the path reconstruction and is known as a drift chamber.
The drift chamber functions by balancing the loss of energy from particles caused by impacts with particles of gas, with the accretion of energy created with high-energy electrical fields in use to cause the particle acceleration. Design is similar to the Mw chamber but instead with central layer wires at a greater distance apart. The detection of charged particles within the chamber is possible by the ionizing of particles of gas due to the motion of the charged particle.
If two drift chambers are used with the wires of one orthogonal to the wires of the other, both orthogonal to the beam direction, a more precise detection of the position is obtained. If an additional simple detector (like the one used in a veto counter) is used to detect, with poor or null positional resolution, the particle at a fixed distance before or after the wires, a tri-dimensional reconstruction can be made and the speed of the particle deducted from the difference in time of the passage of the particle in the different part of the detector. This setup gives up the detector called Time Projection Chamber (often written just TPC)
For measuring the velocity of the electrons in a gas (drift velocity) there are special drift chambers, Velocity Drift Chambers which measure the drift time for known location of ionisation.
- F. Sauli (1977), - Principles of operation of multiwire proportional and drift chambers Retrieved 2012-02-25
- W.Frass. Physics - C4 : Particle Physics Major Option - Particle Detectors (PDF). Oxford University. p. 11. Retrieved 2012-02-25. was located via Dr. C.N. Booth PHY304 Particle Physics Sheffield University
- I. Kisel - Retrieved 2012-02-28
- University of Manchester - HEP - 101 Retrieved 2012-02-28
- Computers in Physics, Sep/Oct 1992 - The Polish Language School for Foreign Students - Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań - European Organization for Nuclear Research Retrieved 2012-02-25
- H. Johnston - Physics world Retrieved 2012-02-25
- "Milestones:CERN Experimental Instrumentation, 1968". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved 4 August 2011. - U.S. Department of Energy Research and Development Accomplishments Retrieved 2012-02-23
- Physics. Guildford: University of Surrey. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- S.E.Derenzo - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University ( U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ); Muller, Richard; Derenzo, Stephen; Smadja, Gerard; Smith, Dennis; Smits, Robert; Zaklad, Haim; Alvarez, Luis (1971). "Liquid-Filled Proportional Counter" (PDF). Phys. Rev. Lett. 27 (8): 532–535. Bibcode:1971PhRvL..27..532M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.27.532. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- Degrange, B.; Guillon, J.; Moreau, F.; Nguyen-Khac, U.; De La Taille, C.; Tisserant, S.; Verderi, M. (1992). "Low energy calorimetry in a multiwire chamber filled with tetramethylsilane". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 311 (3): 539. Bibcode:1992NIMPA.311..539D. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(92)90652-K.
- Schotanus P; Van Eijk CWE; Hollander RW; C.W.E. Van Eijk. "Detection of LaF3:Nd3+ scintillation light in a photosensitive multiwire chamber". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Bibcode:1988NIMPA.272..913S. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(88)90780-2. ; > G. Charpak Research on particle imaging detectors p.537 World Scientific, 1995 Retrieved 2012-02-28
- T. Ferbel - (CERN report 1977)>
- F. E. Close; M. Marten; C. Sutton (11 Nov 2004). The particle odyssey: a journey to the heart of the matter. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860943-4. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- W. Blum; W. Riegler; L. Rolandi (4 Oct 2008). Particle detection with drift chambers. Springer. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- Kotwal, Ashutosh V; Gerberich, Heather K; Hays, Christopher (2003). "Identification of cosmic rays using drift chamber hit timing". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 506: 110. Bibcode:2003NIMPA.506..110K. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01371-8. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
- Fermilab - glossary-photo- J. L. Lee Retrieved 2012-02-12 | <urn:uuid:3d401c58-b6bf-4c41-b084-8b947a690954> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_chamber | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042981753.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00306-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.82665 | 1,788 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Compression–What Is iT?
Compression is a pedal or effect that changes the audio in a subtle way that you can’t tell what changed there. It makes the sound sound different than how it sounded before, which is very cool. It’s a very little effect because you can’t hear what it did.
So–why is it used? Read on to find out.
Why is it used?
Compressors, such as the Keeley Compressor and the MXR Dyna Comp were used to compress the audio because the musicians wanted the sound to be compressed from what it was before. According to Equipboard.com, John Frusciante from the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Billie Joe Armstrong from Green Day, The Edge from U2, Noel Gallagher from Oasis, Cliff BUrton (Deceased) from Metallica, and Andy Summers from the Police all used the Dyna Comp Compressor from MXR to make their guitars sound different from how they sounded before.
Big one? Or Little One?
So the big question for all the guitarists out there now is, should I buy the little Dyna Comp Mini from MXR or use the old bigger one from MXR? Check out this video to see a sample of how the new little one sounds and decide if you like that pedal or just want to play the old one! | <urn:uuid:c78dfa9d-06c6-4225-b645-9a6137ea35b4> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.guitarpedalsonline.com/2017/11/28/mxr-dyna-comp-mini-the-little-compressor-pedal-that-could/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267865250.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623210406-20180623230406-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.948044 | 288 | 2.734375 | 3 |
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Veterans DayVeterans Day, formerly Armistice Day, is the anniversary of the ending of the World War I. In the United States it is celebrated as a federal holiday on November 11.
Following World War II, the name of the holiday was changed to Veterans Day to honor those who died in all American wars. The day has since evolved to be a time of primarily honoring living veterans who have served in the military during wartime or peacetime.
|copyright © 2004 FactsAbout.com| | <urn:uuid:2269900d-2a27-4913-a28b-39beb1e0b411> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://www.factsabout.com/v/ve/veterans_day.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823839.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020063725-20171020083725-00415.warc.gz | en | 0.954724 | 111 | 3.203125 | 3 |
When the initial wave of Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem, their first official act was to rebuild the great altar of sacrifice that had been destroyed by the Babylonians (see 2 Chronicles 36:19). Before they rebuilt the walls and gates of the city, it was important to reestablish their worship of the one true God. It was ignoring Him that had precipitated their exile, and having been given a second chance, the Jews were determined to do it right.
Under the direction of Zerubbabel (who was Israelite royalty and the governor of the returning Jews) and Jeshua (the acting high priest), the people located the site of Solomon’s Temple among the ruins of Jerusalem. There was nothing left of the magnificent structure — not even the foundation stones — but they found the spot where the altar should have been, set it up, and began making sacrifices. This was an incredibly important move, for it signaled to God that His people were acknowledging their sin and need for forgiveness, seeking His guidance, and rededicating themselves to living by His guidelines and for His glory.
It took Zerubbabel and the people over a year to acquire enough building material to begin construction on the Temple (v.8). A ceremony was planned for the day when the workmen began laying the foundation, and Ezra’s account of it is one of the most poignant and memorable scenes in Scripture. There was music provided by the famed “Sons of Asaph”, congregational singing accompanied by the brass and percussion sections, and great shouts of praise that punctuated the singing of Psalm 136. This was an exciting moment; the celebrative worship could be heard from far away (v.13).
The scene described in verses 10-13 was a mix of emotions. While some shouted for joy at the thought of rebuilding the Temple, others shouted their grief. Some of the elder priests and other older leaders who remembered the destruction of the Temple began to cry aloud. The Bible does not tell us why. Some suggest that they cried because the new Temple would never match the size and splendor of the original, but I think it was something else. They recalled the shame and humiliation of seeing the City of God devastated and the Temple of God desecrated — a destruction not brought about by the evil Babylonians, but by the evil in their own hearts. The reason they were having to rebuild the Temple is because the nation had forgotten God and despised His grace. But their long captivity had starved their pride to death, and in humility they returned to Jerusalem and to the Lord. No wonder the old men were moved to tears.
There are two things I take from this chapter. First, God is the rebuilder of broken things. If something or someone has broken your heart, or your dreams and plans are shattered and thrown away, God is able to put your life back together. He is a restorer and repairer, and He delights in redemption. Second, worship should be a contrast of emotions. Sounds of joy and sounds of weeping are both at home in a worship service, as we are alternately (even simultaneously) overwhelmed by the sorrow of our sinfulness and overjoyed at the grace of God that makes us forgiven and right. | <urn:uuid:9ae0e2af-72d7-47b0-b4bf-255aea5f8a1f> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://365intheword.wordpress.com/2013/08/14/ezra-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646178.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318224057-20180319004057-00526.warc.gz | en | 0.981729 | 663 | 3.125 | 3 |
| Only a few Thomas's Shaggy Bats have ever been caught and studied, and its habits are poorly known. This bat has shaggy, yellowish fur, long ears, and a pink face. Its wings come all the way down to the base of its toes. It lives in evergreen and semi-deciduous forests, roosts mostly in tree holes or on the trunks of trees, and flies relatively slowly. The few that have been caught and held snarled with their mouth open wide and made loud, chirping calls.
Head and Body: 49-59 mm; Tail: 20-24 mm
Thomas, O., 1912. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 8, 10:638.
Mammal Species of the World | <urn:uuid:403ca102-2fe1-4437-b691-a286e28a74eb> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.mnh.si.edu/mna/image_info.cfm?species_id=467 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297689.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00034-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95949 | 164 | 3.1875 | 3 |
In honor of the great people of Japan during a terrible crisis, I re-post this beautiful tale.
This is the story of young Momotaro, whose name literally means Peach Boy. The story is one of the most popular from Japanese folklore. Its theme of the unification of a people separated by hostility into an effective force for change resonates throughout history and applies to many different cultures.
Read by Laral Andrews.
Here’s the full audio script:
ONCE upon a time in Japan, there lived in the country an old man and his wife. They were very lonely because they had no children.
One day the old man went into the mountains to cut firewood and his wife went to the river to wash clothes.
No sooner had the old woman begun her washing than she was very surprised to see a big peach floating down the river. It was a huge peach. The biggest she had ever seen. She pulled the peach out of the river and took it home to give her husband for supper.
Late in the afternoon the old man came home, and the old woman said to him: “Look what a wonderful peach I found for your supper.” The old man said it was truly a beautiful peach. He was so hungry that he said: “Let’s divide it and eat it.”
So the old woman brought a big knife from the kitchen and was getting ready to cut the peach in half. But just then there was the sound of a human voice from inside the peach. “Wait! Don’t cut me!” said the voice. Suddenly the peach split open, and a beautiful baby boy jumped out.
The old man and his wife were very happy, and they took the baby to be their son. Since he was born from a peach, they named him Momotaro, which means Peach Boy. They loved Momotaro very much and raised him well.
When Momotaro was about fifteen years old, he went to his father and said: “Father, you have always been very kind to me. Now I am a big boy and I must do something to help my country. In a distant part of the sea there is an island named Ogre Island. Many wicked ogres live there, and they often come to our land and do bad things like carrying people away and stealing their things. So I’m going to go to Ogre Island and fight them and bring back treasure. Please let me do this.”
The old man was surprised to hear this, but he was also very proud of Momotaro for wanting to help other people. So he and the old woman helped Momotaro get ready for his journey to Ogre Island. The old man gave him a sword and armor, and the old woman fixed him dumplings for lunch. Then Momotaro began his journey.
He walked toward the sea. As he went, he met a spotted dog. The dog growled at Momotaro and was about to bite him, but then Momotaro gave him one of the dumplings. He told the spotted dog that he was going to fight the ogres on Ogre Island. So the dog said he’d come along too.
Momotaro and the spotted dog kept on walking and soon they met a monkey. The spotted dog and the monkey started to fight. But Momotaro explained to the monkey that he and the spotted dog were going to fight the ogres on Ogre Island. Then the monkey asked if he could go with them. So Momotaro gave the monkey a dumpling and brought him along.
Momotaro and the spotted dog and the monkey kept on walking. Suddenly they met a pheasant. The spotted dog and the monkey and the pheasant were about to start fighting. But when the pheasant heard that Momotaro was going to fight the ogres on Ogre Island, he asked if he could go too. So Momotaro gave the pheasant a dumpling and brought him along.
So, with Momotaro as their general, the spotted dog and the monkey and the pheasant, who usually hated each other, all became friends and followed Momotaro. They walked a long, long way, and finally reached the sea. At the edge of the sea Momotaro built a boat. They and all got in the boat and started across the sea toward Ogre Island.
When they came within sight of the island, they could see that the ogres had a very strong fort there. And there were many ogres. There were many different colors of ogre, red, blue and green.
First the pheasant flew over the walls of the fort and began to peck at the ogres’ heads. They all tried to hit the pheasant with their clubs, but he was quick and dodged all their blows. And while the ogres weren’t looking, the monkey slipped up and opened the gate of the fort. Then Momotaro and the spotted dog rushed into the fort and started fighting the ogres too.
It was a huge battle! The pheasant pecked at the heads and eyes of the wicked ogres. And the monkey clawed them. And the spotted dog bit them. And Momotaro cut them with his sword. At last the ogres were defeated. They all bowed down low before Momotaro and promised never to be wicked again. Then they brought Momotaro all the treasure they had.
It was a great treasure, with gold, and silver, and colored jewels. There was an invisible coat and hat, arid a hammer that made a piece of gold every time you hit the ground, and many other wonderful things. Momotaro and his three friends carried all this in their boat back to their own land. Then they made a cart and put all the treasure in the cart and pulled it all the way to Momotaro’s house.
How surprised the old man and his wife were when they saw their son come home safely! With all the treasure Momotaro brought they were very rich, and they all lived happily ever after.
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The ninth edition of criminal law for police officers presents the historical concepts fundamental to understanding criminal law the book is written in a non legalese format which makes it very student friendly areas covered include jurisdiction matters of responsibility and accountability and general principles about the criminal act. Description known for its accessible writing style that avoids confusing jargon and excess legalese the 9th edition of criminal law for police officers continues to deliver a clear concise and lively introduction to criminal law for police officers and other criminal justice practitioners this best selling text includes coverage of all the latest laws and supreme court decisions and . She co authored multiple editions of management and supervision in law enforcement criminal investigation juvenile justice and introduction to law enforcement and criminal justice in addition to constitutional law and the criminal justice system much of her work and influence remains unchanged in this new edition. Criminal law 5 criminology 5 homeland security 6 9th edition criminal investigation 12th edition juvenile justice policies programs and practices 5th edition criminal evidence 8th edition connect for criminal justice places students in the role of law enforcement professionals and challenges them to justify key decisions . The law enforcement court and correctional agencies that work together to effect the apprehension prosecution and control of criminal offenders criminal justice 9th edition criminal justice in action 8th edition chapter 3 the crime picture offenders and victims 22 terms julia noel3 criminal justice in action 8th edition
How it works:
1. Register Trial Account.
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When it comes to problems with the jaw and the facial muscles, one of the most common causes is temporomandibular joint disorder, or TMD. The condition is a broad term to describe the jaw pain and dysfunction that happens when something is structurally off with the hinging joint itself, a problem with the muscles that support it, or both. The muscles and joints of the jaws are so complex and full of nerve endings that when something goes wrong, it can cause symptoms from mild to acute. So what exactly is TMD, and what treatments are available? What does it have to do with orthodontics? But what exactly is it? What treatments are available? And how does this relate to orthodontics? We’re going to break it down for you below, so keep reading to find out more.
What is the difference between TMJ and TMD?
Although the two abbreviations are used interchangeably all the time, TMJ is not actually a disease or illness. It stands for temporomandibular joint, the hinge points that connects our jaw bones to our head. These are located directly in front of the ears, and give us the ability to speak and chew our food. The TMJ is incredibly mobile, and it rotates, glides, and acts as a powerful hinge all at once. This joint is surrounded by a number of complex protectors like tendons, muscles, and joint pads, and most of the time, all these components work well together. However, if they get thrown off course for any reason, it can lead to pain, popping, and inflammation. This is where TMD, or temporomandibular joint disorder, can come into play. This frustrating, and sometimes painful, set of conditions can be especially problematic when you consider that the TMJ is one of the joints our bodies use most often.
The symptoms and signs of TMD
Every case of TMD is different. Some people will experience only mild symptoms popping up sporadically, and others will have serious symptoms that take years to resolve. Some of the most common signs of TMD are:
- pain or tenderness in the face, jaw joint, neck, and shoulders
- pain in or around the ear when chewing, speaking, or opening the mouth wide
- difficulty opening the mouth wide
- jaws that get stuck or locked in an open- or closed-mouth position
- popping or grating sounds in the jaw joint when you open or close your mouth
- popping, grating, or other sounds in the jaw when chewing
- face feeling “tired”
- difficulty chewing
- feeling as though your upper and lower teeth are not fitting together properly
- swelling on the side of your face
- ringing or stuffy ears
The symptoms of TMD can be similar to other common dental issues, such as tooth decay and gum disease, as well as medical conditions such as arthritis. For a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment, it’s essential you have a thorough examination by an experienced dental and orthodontic professional like Dr. Craig and Dr. Streight.
What are the causes of TMD?
TMD symptoms arise from a problem with the muscles of your jaw, or with the parts of the joint itself. While injury to your jaw, the joint, or the muscles of your head and neck is an obvious cause of TMD, other factors can include things like:
- grinding or clenching your teeth, as this puts extra pressure on the joint
- movement of the soft cushion or disc between the ball and socket of the joint
- arthritis in the TMJ
- stress, which can tighten your facial and jaw muscles, or cause you to clench the teeth
An untreated bad bite or misaligned jaw can also put undue stress on the sensitive, connected components of the TMJ, resulting in chronic shooting pain that may be felt throughout the face, neck, shoulders, back, and arms, among other symptoms.
How is TMD diagnosed?
Using innovative techniques and state-of-the-art technology, our doctors will generally be able to pinpoint the source of TMD. In order to present a patient with an accurate diagnosis of TMD, Dr. Craig and Dr. Streight will measure aspects of the teeth and jaw, determine the jaw’s proper resting position, and map the movement of the jaw during speaking and eating. Finding the source of the TMD and having a proper diagnosis provides our team with the foundation needed to create a customized treatment plan.
What are the treatment options for TMD?
Many people with TMD have relatively mild symptoms that only appear periodically and often improve on their own within a few weeks or months. Eating soft foods, applying ice or moist heat, and avoiding extreme jaw movements like wide yawning and gum chewing are helpful in easing these types of symptoms.
Conservative, reversible treatments are preferred whenever possible, as they don’t invade the tissues of the face, jaw, or joint, or involve surgery. These treatments shouldn’t produce any permanent changes in the structure or position of the jaw or teeth. Even if TMD symptoms become more persistent, most patients still won’t need more aggressive types of treatment.
An example of this kind of conservative treatment is splints or night guards. These plastic mouthpieces fit over the upper and lower teeth to keep them from touching, and wearing one of these can lessen the effects of clenching or grinding. They can also help correct the bite by putting teeth in a more desirable position.
For more troublesome cases of TMD, missing teeth may need to be replaced, and crowns and bridges may be used to balance the biting surfaces of the teeth. For patients who require more complex bite correction, orthodontic treatment such as braces or Invisalign may be required. If left untreated, TMD can lead to inflammation, swelling, and chronic pain. It can also contribute to progressive dental problems, such as premature tooth wear and periodontal disease. For this reason, we encourage anyone with TMD symptoms to get in touch with an experienced dentist or orthodontist like Dr. Craig and Dr. Streight to schedule a thorough examination.
TMD diagnosis and treatment with Craig & Streight Orthodontics
Whether you have symptoms of TMD yourself, suspect it in a loved one, or simply wish to learn more about TMD diagnosis and treatment, get in touch with us today to schedule a consultation. We’re on the front line when it comes to providing first-class oral and orthodontic care! | <urn:uuid:2bece762-914b-4497-9d8f-b445bfe4113f> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.craigandstreight.com/what-is-tmd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370518622.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200403190006-20200403220006-00398.warc.gz | en | 0.948822 | 1,359 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Invasive Plants: Artist Creates Ink from Crushed Invasive Weeds
With invasive plants clogging up parks around the continent, what's to be done about the little (and big) vine-y rascals?
One artist, Patterson Clark, is crushing stems, leaves and roots of a long list of the fast-growing weeds and vines and extracting inks from them. He derives gorgeous hues: gray, mushroom-y notes from the garlic mustard root's crown; a flat, bottle-green of bush honeysuckle bark; and pure, sunny yellow from leatherleaf mahonia bark, sometimes called leatherleaf holly. Not to mention the coral-y tone with origins in the thorny, land-wrapping stems of multiflora rose; the dark, watercolor-y rust that comes from Asiatic bittersweet roots; or the pure, chalkboard black of soot from burned weeds.
Clark, a science graphics editor with the Washington Post, has degrees in both biology and art/design and has created art from invasive plants for 10 years. He also glues fibers from multiflora rose's inner bark, European stinging nettle, porcelainberry and white mulberry into bamboo stems to put together paintbrushes. The frames for his prints also come from invasive tree species, as Nature Conservancy magazine reported.
On his website, Clark notes that he and his team harvest invasives from an arm of Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C., called Whitehaven Parkway. The trees include Tulip Poplars, White Oak, Sugar Maple and American Beech. In areas where fallen trees let in light, invasive plants gather and take oxygen and space from yount trees. Clark takes non-native vines from these areas to make room for the saplings.
Land managers around North America tend to welcome volunteers who tear out invasive plants to make room for greater biodiversity and local plants that use the land more efficiently. Each year, for instance, many parks encourage visitors to pick garlic mustard and make pesto from it. You might want to check with public land managers near you to see if they need volunteers. If you'd like to see more of Clark's work using invasive plants, go to his website here.
For more great nature science stories and general news, please visit our sister site, Headlines and Global News (HNGN).
-Follow Catherine on Twitter @TreesWhales | <urn:uuid:b2ee1388-bc43-4425-8c32-aa2233a66d4e> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/18632/20151207/invasive-plants-artist-creates-ink-crushed-weeds.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891811352.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180218023321-20180218043321-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.934789 | 500 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Here are a selection of our most popular frequently asked questions:-
This is the old English way of spelling 'Welsh'. Throughout the years both forms have been used and during the Boer War and the Great War the official spelling was 'Welsh'.
Army Order No. 56 of 1920 finally confirmed that the official spelling should be 'Welch'.
It is the name given to the 5 black ribbons worn on the back of the collar.
They are a link with the days when soldiers wore pigtails.
These were powdered, greased and, in order to protect the red coatee, enclosed in what was known as a queue bag.
In July 1808 hair was ordered to be cut close to the neck and the queue was abolished. At the time the 1st Battalion was in Canada. The officers however decided to retain the ribbons with which the queue had been tied.
Using an old slang term for a wig these were known as the 'Flash'.
In 1834, an inspecting General noted "the superfluous decoration on the collar of the coat" and ordered the removal of the Flash.
When King William IV was told what had happened, the Colonel of the Regiment received a letter from the Horse Guards stating that His Majesty had been pleased to approve the Flash "as a peculiarity whereby to mark the dress of that distinguished Regiment."
Until 1900 it was worn only by Sergeants and Officers
The name derives from the fusil - an early form of flintlock musket originally issued to elite troops who guarded the artillery during battle. The Royal Welch Fusiliers was one of the first regiments granted this honour in 1702, and the only one to have continued without change of title or amalgamation with another regiment to this day.
Since 1923 ordinary members of the Regiment ('Privates') have been officially known as Fusiliers.
No record exists of the origin of the custom by which the Regiment marches with a goat at their head.
The earliest reference occurred in 1777: "The Royal regiment of welch Fuzileers has a privilegeous honor of passing in review preceded by a Goat with gilded horns, and adorned with ringlets of flowers" and that "the corps values itself much on the ancientness of the custom."
In 1844 Queen Victoria presented the first Royal Goat, and since then most goats have been presented by the Sovereign from the royal herd.
Every goat has a silver headplate identifying him as the gift of the Sovereign.
The goat of the 1st Battalion also wears a silver chain and shield around his neck presented by the Mayor and citizens of Lichfield in 1904.
The Goat is in the care of a soldier with the honorary title of Goat Major.
Before the days of good roads and bridges it was necessary to have men able to prepare the way for Regiment on the march and to provide services in camp.
These were the Pioneers who were all tradesmen and picked soldiers. To protect their uniforms they wore leather aprons and gauntlets.
From their position at the head of the Regiment on active service has developed the tradition of the Pioneers leading it on ceremonial parades, preceded only by the Regimental Goat.
They wear white buckskin aprons and gauntlets, and carry their traditional tools: axes, shovels, pickaxes and mattocks.
This unique distinction was officially sanctioned in 1886.
A: Probably nowhere is the patron saint of Wales, Saint David, so ceremoniously and so regularly honoured as on the 1st of March wherever the Royal Welch Fusiliers happen to be. In peace and war, at home or overseas, leeks are worn, and the day observed, as far as possible, as a holiday.
(Click on the photograph to enlarge)
The ancient ceremony of eating the leek in the Officers' Mess has remained largely unchanged over the years. It is recorded that "…the officers give a splendid entertainment to all their welch brethren ; and after the cloth is taken away… the band playing the old tune of, "The Noble Race of Shenkin", when a handsome drum-boy, elegantly dressed, mounted on the goat richly caparisoned for the occasion, is led thrice round the table in procession by the drum-major…" Although no longer ridden, the Goat is still led around the table after dinner, followed by a drummer, fifers and drum-major carrying a silver salver on which are raw leeks, and the mess sergeant with a loving-cup filled with champagne. They halt by the latest joined subaltern who stands on his chair and, placing his right foot on the table, eats a leek while the drummer plays a continuous roll until it is completely consumed. He is then handed the loving-cup for the toast 'and Saint David'. All those present who have not 'eaten a leek' with the Regiment, including guests, are expected to do so before the party withdraws.
Similar ceremonial takes place in the Sergeants' Mess, and the other ranks' dining hall, where the latest joined soldier in each Company eats a leek.
The Royal Welch Fusiliers is the only regiment in the British Army, with the exception of the Gurkhas, to use a language other than English. During the First World War more than one battalion used Welsh on a regular basis. In Burma, in the Second World War, it was used to conceal intentions from the Japanese. In 1995 the 1st Battalion used it in Bosnia. It is the first language of many members of the regiment.
The Museum is always pleased to accept artefacts relating to the history of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. With the exception of campaign medals, which are placed on display, most newly acquired items form part of the reserve collection where they can be studied by researchers or used for future exhibitions.
Please contact the curator for further information. | <urn:uuid:d6571882-bfdd-4fee-892f-cf581cff1c2a> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.rwfmuseum.org.uk/en_faq.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928114.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00071-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975462 | 1,215 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Patriotic symbols represent for all Dominicans a close connection with our history and the fight for independence. The flag, the seal and the National Anthem are symbols of the highest importance for the Dominican identity.
With quartered red and blue sections, separated by a white cross, the national banner was lifted for the first time in the Cibao on March 4, 1844. Days before, on February 27, national independence had been declared after 22 years of Haitian control.
The first national flag featured the same color distribution as the Haitian flag: the blue sections above and the red below. Later, this distribution of the sections was changed. The white cross, placed there as an expression of freedom, has remained since the original design.
Did you know? The first flags were made by various ladies of Dominican society, among them María Trinidad Sánchez, María de Jesús Piña, Isabel Sosa and Concepción Bona.
Did you know? The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte and dedicated to his comrades who fought during the war of independence when he formed the secret organization La Trinitaria, on July 16, 1838. Each color is separated by a white cross, which has the Dominican coat of arms in its center. Duarte thought about the cross as a symbol of redemption, not as one of suffering, and chose the white color to display that the nation would welcome every race equally.
Did you know? The Dominican flag was lifted for the first time on March 4, 1844 in Puerta del Conde, in the capital.
Did you know? The colors of the national flag have a hidden meaning. Red represents the blood lost by the liberators; the blue exemplifies progress and liberty, and the white stands for unity and peace.
The first version of Prud’Homme’s verses was presented on August 16, 1883 in the capital’s weekly paper El Eco de la Opinión. 18 years had passed since the country had restored its independence lost in the annexation to Spain in 1861.
On August 17, 1883, the hymn debuted in a soirée for the national press in the Logia Esperanza de Santo Domingo. The debut was just the beginning of its popularity. For its authors, the piece had a precise objective: to heighten Dominican national sentiment in a country was recently emerging from an annexation period that revealed the strong ties many of its citizens had to Spain.
The consummation of the national anthem’s composition occurred with the transporting of the remains of the Founding Father of the country, Juan Pablo Duarte, from Caracas, Venezuela, where he died in 1876. On February 27, 1884, during the journey that brought the remains from the port of Santo Domingo to the cathedral, the anthem was played.
Prud’Homme corrected the text in 1897 and produced a final version. On June 7 of the same year, the National Congress officially proclaimed the composition to be the national anthem.
The dictator Ulises Heureaux, who saw Prud’Homme as an adversary, did not make the Congressional resolution into law. It was May 30, 1934 when the President of the Dominican Republic, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, declared the piece as the national anthem.
Article 97 of the Constitution states that “The National Anthem is the musical composition approved by Law No. 700, on the date May 30, 1934, and is invariable, unique and eternal.”
You can read more about the Dominican National Anthem here
Hear the lyrics of the Dominican National Anthem here: http://www.teoveras.com.do/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Coro-Nacional.mp3
In the center, it features a classic seal with a point at the bottom and is closed on top by an upside-down triangle with the national colors. In the foreground, there are six flagstaffs, with four gathered flags supporting an open Bible, and above it, a cross.
On the left, there is a laurel branch to represent immortality, and to the right a palm branch, a symbol of freedom. A red ribbon, which symbolizes Glory, unites the branches and over it, a red banner that reads “Dios, Patria y Libertad” (God, Country and Liberty).
A trophy of weapons and a snake, a laurel branch and two cannons: these were parts of the Dominican seal eliminated in the process of modification that brought with it new criteria for authorities and influential thinkers.
The first coat of arms had two exterior laurel branches. Underneath, in an arc, a snake was biting and swallowing its tail as a symbol of eternal evolution. On a third draft, the Bible was shown, and behind it a collection of weapons that included a lance and a rifle with bayonet; a saber and a bugle; and above the book hung the Dominican flag. Two more Dominican flags were centered on the second level, with a Frygian helmet at the intersection of the flagstaffs as a symbol of liberty. A wide ribbon with the words “Dominican Republic” on it occupied the lower portion and two cannons with their cannonballs were featured on either side.
In the Constitution of November 6, 1844, the cannons were replaced. In 1848, a laurel branch was replaced by a vine, which was then, in 1853, substituted with a palm leaf. The same year, the central flag was succeeded by a cross, and at the same time, the weapons and the serpent were removed and the crossed flags were increased from two to four.
The undefined use of the original seal and its variations continued until 1913, when the current design was officially approved. The Decree was issued by the government of Monseñor Noüel. The same decree specified the colors to be used: ultramarine and vermillion.
Did you know? The Dominican national seal is the only seal in the world with the Holy Bible in the center. The book is open to St. John 8,32: “And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.”
Did you know? The national seal has gone through more than 14 design changes since its creation. In 1993 Casimiro Nemesio de Moya designed the current seal.
Learn more about Dominican National Symbols: http://www.gob.do/index.php/pais/2014-12-16-20-48-30 | <urn:uuid:c4361eff-12be-4bf7-acec-657411674610> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.dominicanaonline.org/en/republica-dominicana/simbolos-patrios/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662539131.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521143241-20220521173241-00536.warc.gz | en | 0.96065 | 1,366 | 3.171875 | 3 |
This articles describes the principle of working of refrigeration and air conditioning reciprocating compressors.
Reciprocating Compressors are one of the most widely used types of compressors for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The reciprocating compressors comprise of the piston and the cylinder arrangement similar to the automotive engine. While the engine generates power after consuming fuel, the reciprocating compressor consumes electricity to compress the refrigerant. Inside the cylinder the piston performs reciprocating motion which enables the compression of refrigerant inside it.
Principle of Working of the Reciprocating Compressors
Apart from the piston and the cylinder arrangement, the reciprocating compressor also comprises of the crankshaft, connecting rod and other small connecting elements. The crankshaft is connected to the electric motor directly by coupling or by belt and driven by the pulley arrangement. The rotary motion of the crankshaft is converted into the reciprocating motion of the piston inside the cylinder via the connecting rod. Let us see the various strokes of the piston inside the cylinder (refer the figures below):
Working of Reciprocating Compressor
1) Piston at Top Dead Center (TDC) Position:
Let us suppose that initially the piston is at the top position inside the cylinder; this is called as the top dead center (TDC) position of the piston. At this position the refrigerant that has already been compressed is delivered from the discharge valve. From the top dead center position the piston starts moving towards the downward direction. At this instance the discharge valve is already closed, while the suction valve opens due to suction pressure of the refrigerant from the suction pipeline. The refrigerant from the suction pipeline is taken inside the cylinder of the compressor via the suction valve. As the piston moves downwards, the amount of the refrigerant taken inside the cylinder increases. When the piston reaches bottom most position it is said to be in bottom dead center position (BDC). At this position the maximum amount of the refrigerant is sucked by the cylinder or compressor.
2) Piston at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) Position:
At the BDC position the maximum amount of the refrigerant has been taken inside the cylinder from the suction line of the refrigeration or air conditioning system. The piston now starts moving in the upward direction due to which the volume of the refrigerant inside the cylinder starts reducing, that means the refrigerant starts getting compressed and its pressure starts increasing. Due to high pressure of the refrigerant inside the cylinder, its suction valve closes. Due to crankshaft motion the piston continues moving upwards and compressing the refrigerant. The pressure of refrigerant goes on increasing as it gets more and more compressed. At the end of the compression stroke the discharge valve opens and the refrigerant is delivered to the discharge pipeline or tubing of the refrigeration or the air conditioning system. Due to the rotary motion of the crankshaft the reciprocating motion of the piston continues inside the cylinder and it finally reaches the TDC position, where all the compressed refrigerant inside the cylinder is delivered to the discharge line and the discharge valve closes. From here on the piston starts moving again to the BDC position and the operation of the compressor continues.
When moving from BDC to the TDC position, the piston does not touch the cylinder at the top position, rather some volume is remains vacant between the top position of the piston and the cylinder, this volume is called as the clearance volume. Such clearance volume is also present at the bottom BDC position.
Thus there are two strokes of the piston inside the cylinder, the suction stroke and the compression stroke. For each revolution of the crankshaft one suction and one discharge stroke of the piston inside the cylinder is produced. | <urn:uuid:fd4152d9-f0b7-4cfa-9f12-75ee2b07cfef> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/51688-principle-of-working-of-refrigeration-reciprocating-compressors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438044160065.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728004240-00242-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.880055 | 778 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Math in computer games
By Murray Bourne, 30 Jun 2007
Gamesheep.com has an excellent tutorial which explains how to get realistic effects in Flash-based games. And of course, you need some mathematics to achieve that.
The tutorial on developing a car racing game in Flash involves the following mathematics (the links go to explanations of the math):
- Acceleration (and deceleration, which they call "speedDecay") and velocity
- Trigonometry (including sine and cosine of angles)
- Conversion of degrees to radians (Flash uses an odd mix of degrees and radians): angle_radians = angle_degrees * (PI/180)
- Cartesian coordinate system
- Collision detection (and behaviour after a collision) involves detection of the car's position, angle and speed
- The floor and rounding functions:
seconds = Math.floor(milliseconds/1000); [this means round the number down to the next lowest whole number], and
tensTXT = Math.round((milliseconds-seconds*1000)/10); [this is normal rounding]
- And of course, they are using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division - which is really all we are doing for most of the time in mathematics
The explanation for realistic steering gives an insight into how they use math to get the desired effect:
We could simply add or subtract a fixed angle (in degrees) to/from the car's rotation, but that's not good enough. In order to simulate a natural movement, steering must depend on speed, otherwise you will be able to rotate your car even if it's almost stopped and it will look like a propeller 🙂
One day I hope to get time to write some tutorials on the maths behind the math applets and activities on Interactive Mathematics that I wrote.
See the 2 Comments below. | <urn:uuid:fee5c86c-75cc-455e-8989-26db9342c5ea> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.intmath.com/blog/mathematics/math-in-computer-games-685 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698540915.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170900-00273-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897141 | 389 | 3.484375 | 3 |
View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.)
Technique for recording electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses. Pairs of electrodes on the scalp transmit signals to an electroencephalograph, which records them as peaks and troughs on a tracing called an electroencephalogram (EEG). Different wave patterns on the EEG are associated with normal and abnormal waking and sleeping states. They help diagnose conditions such as tumours, infections, and epilepsy. The electroencephalograph was invented in the 1920s by Hans Berger (1873–1941).
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise. For the full entry on electroencephalography, visit Britannica.com. | <urn:uuid:90fab0a7-ad78-492c-b64d-3af992338600> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/electroencephalography | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500833715.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021353-00413-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888545 | 158 | 3.578125 | 4 |
This text considers waves the great unifying concept of physics. With minimal mathematics, it emphasizes the behavior common to specific phenomena—earthquake waves studied by seismologists; waves and ripples on oceans, lakes, and ponds; waves of sound that travel through the air; mechanical waves in stretched strings and in quartz crystals that can be used to control the frequency of radio transmitters; electromagnetic waves that constitute light, and that are radiated by radio transmitters and received by radio receivers; and the waves of probability employed in quantum mechanics to predict the behavior of electrons, atoms, and complex substances.
Starting with a look at the strength and power of sinusoidal waves, author John R. Pierce explores wave media and modes, phase velocity and group velocity, vector and complex representation, energy and momentum, coupled modes and coupling between modes, polarization, diffraction, and radiation. References and an index appear at the end of the book.
Reprint of The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1974 edition.
|Availability||Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours|
|Author/Editor||John R. Pierce|
|Dimensions||5 1/2 x 8 1/2| | <urn:uuid:f4c9581e-02b5-4944-a8ad-24455d7858b1> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://store.doverpublications.com/0486453022.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823710.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212000955-20181212022455-00542.warc.gz | en | 0.875124 | 242 | 3.078125 | 3 |
As the count down to Russia’s Parliamentary Election on December 2011 begins, Prime Minister Putin says the collapse of the Soviet Union is the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century.
Anniversary can say a lot about a country particularly one like Russia where the past is almost as unpredictable as the future. Two decades ago, in the summer of 1991, the Soviet Union fell apart. How Russia celebrates (or mourns) this event will reveal much about the country’s future.
Vladimir Putin, Russia’s Prime Minister and former President, has famously said that the collapse of the country in which he served as a low-ranking kgb officer was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century. (That he owned his presidency to that “catastrophe” clearly did not matter). Portraying the 1990’s, when Russia struggled to embrace economic and political freedoms, as a decade of chaos and disintegration halted only be his coming to power has been one of the central narratives of his rule.
Combined with improving living standards, this narrative has been used to justify a shift away from federalism. A political freedom achieved in the 1990’s, including regional elections, competitive politics and independent (of the Kremlin) television, have eroded. Having consolidated enormous power in his hands, Mr. Putin can afford some charitable and nostalgic words about the 1990s, incorporating that era into the history of building Russian statehood. But whatever the rhetoric, he will celebrate the anniversary by disposing of the last relics of that period.
Russian elections are increasingly reminiscent of the Soviet era, when choice was narrowed to one candidate and one party. The parliamentary elections in December 2011 will be “won” by the Kremlin’s own United Russia party, which has no ideology or purpose other than consolidating the ruling bureaucracy. Russia’s presidential election is not due to until 2012, but its results will probably be known by the end of 2011 when Vladimir Putin will decide whether he will retake his old office or allow Dmitry Medvedev to stay for another term.
Either way Mr. Putin will hang on to power. The differences between the internet-savvy, twittering Mr. Medvedev and Mr. Putin, who cultivates the image of a down-to-earth, hands-on leader, are stylistic, as Mr. Medvedev himself has said, “There will be no radical changes, not because they are not needed.
Much of the Russian political class disagrees with this. The fierce fight that broke out between the Kremlin and Russia’s most powerful regional baron, Yuri Luzhkov, the Moscow mayor, proves the point.
In September Mr. Medvedev spectacularly sacked Mr. Luzhkov who had rules Moscow sine 1992, citing a “loss of confidence”.
The sacking was preceded by an ugly smear campaign across state television channels which: revealed” the massive corruption, traffic paralysis and othe problems long obvious to every Muscovite. Mr. Luzhkov, one of Russia’s most weathered politicians, who had his own presidential ambitions in the late 1990s and who managed to keep economic autonomy from the Kremlin throughout the 2000s, his back. He wrote an open letter to Mr. Medvedev accusing him of organizing a witch-hunt and (shock, horror!) being undemocratic.
Mr. Luzhkov is as unlikely a champion of democracy as the Kremlin is a fighter against corruption. Neither side means what is says, but the fight is real and will have repercussions on the political system in 2011 ands beyond. It is not a fight for or against democracy or corruption; it is one between regionalism and centralization in Russia. Mr. Luxhkov is the embodiment of a 1990s parernalistic leader who ran Moscow as his fief drawing on the support of the population. He swore his loyalty to Mr. Putin in exchange for keeping his autonomy. The deal is now off. Mr. Luzhkov quit the United Russia party, which he helped to set up, and could have a destablishing impact on the political system.
The awkward squad. When the global financial struck Russia in 2008, Mr. Luzhkov was the first to argue for bringing back regional elections something that most Russians want and the Kremlin fears. Russia’s rulers prefer a system that is reliant on obedience rather than agreements, where governors and mayors are not more than Kremlin emissaries with no independent power base. Mr. Luzhkov challenged this system.
Jan 18, 2016 0
May 10, 2015 0
Nov 11, 2017 0The world Black and Arts festival that was hosted in...
May 27, 2015 0Lagos State House of Assembly has invited Josephine Agwu...
Nov 17, 2017 0Tiwa savage is a natural singer with sense of passion to show case the dynamic qualities she possessed, which has earned her accolade and support from numerous fans across Africa and United Kingdom.... | <urn:uuid:2cd2d412-1369-4cf7-92d7-41c39e629744> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://africanintegritymagazine.com/twenty-years-russia-revisits-its-past/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.969097 | 1,033 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Fall is one of the four seasons, also known as Autumn, which comes in between summer and winter. You can download the fall coloring pages to teach children about the fall season. These coloring pages for kids teach them coloring and help them gain knowledge about the fall season. Kids love fall seasons as they observe the shedding of leaves all over the place. They like to play and go cycling to enjoy the beautiful fall season.
Free Printable Fall Coloring Pages
Help your children explore the beauty of the fall season with coloring. These coloring pages will have intricate designs and patterns of leaves and things related to the fall season. Conducting coloring activities for kids at home keeps them busy and develops their cognitive and fine motor skills. Besides this, there is improvement in handwriting and color recognition for better learning outcomes. If you are looking for printable fall coloring pages for kids? We are here to help provide the best fall coloring pages given below.
Fall Coloring Sheets for Kids
To enhance the creativity of children, you can check out the fall coloring pages for kids. Coloring these pages enables children to explore the beauty of the fall season through coloring.
Preschool Fall Coloring Sheets
Preschoolers are too young to understand concepts you want them to learn quickly. Therefore, you can use fall coloring pages for kids to learn about one of the best seasons through coloring.
Pumpkin Fall Coloring Page for Kids
To keep children active and busy with creative activities, check out fall coloring pages for them to color and learn about the season.
Tips for Using Fall Coloring Pages for Kids
To teach children to understand the fall season they experience every year, you can take the help of fall coloring pages. Must say! Coloring pages are one of the fun holiday activities for kids where they can practice coloring and develop essential skills, such as color recognition, creativity, hand-eye coordination, visualization, etc. You can provide different fall-themed coloring pages for kids to expand their creativity and learn about the fall season. A few tips for using fall coloring pages for kids are mentioned below:
- Keep your color pencils sharp to get better strokes while coloring.
- Download different types of fall coloring pages to avoid monotonous activities for kids. They would get bored with the same kind of coloring. Therefore, it is important to have changes in coloring pages as well.
- Color within the defined boundaries to avoid the mess on the coloring pages.
- Use attractive colors for the images to make them look real and visually appealing.
- Use kid-friendly tools and accessories for coloring pages.
- Try to blend colors to get desired shades for the images you want.
- Hold the pencil lightly while coloring the images to avoid unwanted pressure on the coloring pages.
- Start coloring in a systematic way to get the perfect illustrations.
- Take enough time to color the illustrations.
- Do not be discouraged if you make mistakes while coloring. Improve your coloring skills by practicing.
- Use a hard surface to keep the coloring pages to get a smooth coloring experience.
Benefits of Fall Coloring Pages for Kids
Some of the benefits of fall coloring pages for kids are mentioned below:
- It helps in improving hand-eye coordination skills. Kids can strengthen their grip by holding a pencil firmly while coloring.
- It keeps children busy and engaged with activities for their cognitive development.
- It helps them learn shapes, patterns and differentiation of colors effectively.
- It boosts the confidence of children to learn coloring and bring out the best version of illustrations on the coloring pages.
- It encourages children to express their creative ideas on the coloring pages. They can develop their style of coloring to provide visually attractive illustrations.
- It provides knowledge about the fall season to children. They will know when it starts and the factors influencing the season’s arrival.
- It increases concentration and helps them stay focused while coloring. Kids tend to focus keenly on the images for a perfect coloring experience.
Frequently Asked Questions on Fall Coloring Pages
What are the fall coloring pages?
The fall coloring pages for kids is an excellent tool to color the images of the fall season using crayons and color pencils. Kids can color the leaves falling from tree pictures creatively in the coloring pages.
What are the benefits of fall coloring pages?
The benefits of the fall coloring pages for kids are that it helps them learn color recognition and different ways of coloring. It keeps them engaged and is helpful for their cognitive development. | <urn:uuid:2337125c-e142-4192-8925-0751eaa0c14c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.playosmo.com/coloring-pages/fall-coloring-pages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00565.warc.gz | en | 0.920041 | 922 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Syntax: !find [devicename[.prefix[.index]]]This command will find and highlight devices in physical layout windows showing the current cell, and also highlight the corresponding device symbols in windows showing the schematic of current cell. It is basically a command line version of the device listing/highlighting feature of the Show/Select Devices panel from the Device Selections button in the Extract Menu.
The argument list consists of at most three fields, separated by periods. Missing fields are wildcards. The devicename is one of the names from a device block in the technology file. The prefix is from the Prefix line of the device block. The indices is a list of space or comma-separated integers, or hyphen-separated ranges of integers. The integers are the index values of the physical devices. If this field is not given, any index value will be highlighted, otherwise only the devices with an index that matches a value or falls in a range will be highlighted.
With no argument, any existing device highlighting will be erased.
If the first component is empty, or the keyword all, all devices known from the technology file are acted on. Thus, ``!find all'' or ``!find .'' will display all known devices. One can also give, for example, ``!find ..1'' which will show all devices with index 1. | <urn:uuid:b4e40572-2778-47b8-a13b-0e21a4f0b99e> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | http://ftp.srware.com/manual/xicmanual/node600.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585045.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016231019-20211017021019-00546.warc.gz | en | 0.854336 | 282 | 2.921875 | 3 |
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Bihar makes history with world’s largest school-based deworm
Bihar makes history with world’s largest school-based deworm
Press release from Deworm the World, Patna, India
Over 17 million children in Bihar were provided with deworming treatment as part of one of the largest school-based deworming efforts ever conducted in the world.
The announcement was made jointly by the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Human Resource Development and global initiative
Deworm the World
as they reported the results of Bihar’s first-ever state-wide school-based deworming programme implemented earlier this year from February through April 2011.
Bihar has a very high rate of parasitic worm infection, with all school-age children at risk and more than 50% school-age children infected in most districts, according to prevalence surveys conducted in 2010 – 11 by Deworm the World. As worm infections damage children’s health, education and development, all school-age children in Bihar – nearly 21 million – were targeted for deworming by this programme. Infected children are more likely to suffer from malnutrition and anaemia, resulting in children who are either too sick or too tired to concentrate in class or to attend school. This can cause lifelong harm to a child with research showing that children who remain infected earn 43% less as adults, and are 13% less likely to be literate.
Fortunately, treating worm infection is as easy as administering a deworming tablet once or twice each year to all school-age children. The medication is safe for both infected and uninfected children, and delivery through schools ensures the greatest coverage and impact. Deworming children in schools, where the treatment is administered by teachers and supported by healthcare staff, is a simple and cost-effective way to improve children’s health and their ability to learn, and has been shown to reduce school absenteeism by as much as 25%.
This massive first-time deworming programme in Bihar was launched and implemented under the direction of the State School Health Coordination Committee, an inter-sectoral committee of the Department of Health & Family Welfare and Department of Human Resource Development in coordination with Deworm the World, which is an initiative dedicated to supporting the scale-up of school-based deworming programmes globally.
Mr. Amarjeet Sinha, Principal Secretary of the Department of Health & Family Welfare and Mr. Anjani Kumar Singh, Principal Secretary of the Department of Human Resource Development jointly said "when there is horizontal collaboration between different government departments, an otherwise unimaginable scale of accomplishment, such as that achieved by the school-based deworming programme in Bihar, becomes possible in a very short period of time".
Mr. Rajesh Bhushan, State Project Director of Bihar Education Project Council and Secretary of Public Relations Department said "a strong three-way partnership amongst Department of Human Resource Development, Department of Health & Family Welfare and Deworm the World along with elaborate advance planning and large-scale training of education and health personnel led to the programme's success." Mr. Sanjay Kumar, Secretary of Department of Health & Family Welfare and Executive Director of State Health Society Bihar said "it is remarkable that such a technically simple intervention, as regular and systematic deworming, can have such a profound effect on the nutritional, health and education status of millions of children".
During the programme, nearly 140,000 teachers throughout Bihar were trained to deliver the medication, supported by 20,000 healthcare staff trained specifically for this programme, and "Deworming Day" and "Mop-up Day" was held in government schools throughout the state in 3 phases in February, March and April 2011 on the 7th and 11th of each month. The programme treated both enrolled and non-enrolled children between the ages of 6 and 14 through a network of over 67,000 government schools state-wide. Children who receive treatment benefit immediately – previous research shows that school participation increases and children are better able to learn in school. The State School Health Coordination Committee is actively considering implementing a second round of deworming in 2012, with the goals of continuing treatment for the millions of children already reached, and expanding the programme to include even more school-age children in Bihar.
The large scale of the Bihar programme exemplifies the success and positive impact of school-based deworming. According to Dr. Lesley Drake, Executive Director of Deworm the World, "there are very few interventions which are as safe, as cost effective and as easy to administer as deworming. For less than 25 rupees per year, a child can be free from worms and free to learn. The children of Bihar are already experiencing the benefits of treatment, and we will continue to support state governments in their efforts to ensure that millions more across India can live healthy lives and fully reap the benefits of education."
Deworm the World previously supported the Government of Andhra Pradesh to launch a school-based deworming programme and is currently in discussions with officials from key departments in the government and municipal corporation in Delhi to launch a deworming programme targeting pre-schoolers through anganwadis and school-age children through schools in the National Capital Territory. Ms. Prerna Makkar, Regional Director – South Asia of Deworm the World said "Bihar provides a model that can be rapidly scaled-up in additional states and sustained over time to improve the education, health and productivity of school-age children".
For more information about Deworm the World visit
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Save the Children | <urn:uuid:ca5c2dda-8ab5-4c57-bf6a-faea130a9741> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | http://shn.cloudapp.net/News/Pages/Bihar%20makes%20history%20with%20world%E2%80%99s%20largest%20school-based%20deworm.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540528457.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20191210152154-20191210180154-00176.warc.gz | en | 0.942407 | 1,458 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The ruins of Carthage are scattered over quite an area, not far outside of Tunis, in fact a 10 Dinar (about $5 Cdn.)taxi ride will take you there from central Tunis. Once there, if you’re energetic and like to walk you can access the sites this way, or if it’s very hot weather, there are many taxi drivers in the vicinity who will gladly guide you around and wait for you as you visit the sites.
A bit about Carthage. It was founded by the Phoenicians in 814 BC. The Phoenicians were from the area of present day Lebanon and were very skilled sailors throughout the Mediterranean Sea. The history of Carthage is a complex one with many civilizations leaving their mark on this famous and ancient city. After the Phoenicians, the Romans, Vandals (a Germanic tribe), the Byzantines and Arabs all took turns dominating the area. This wasn’t the end of wars and various cultures and countries dominating what became Tunisia the country, but it did gain independence form the French in 1956.
Following are photos of some of the most compelling remains of ancient Carthage.
On Byrsa Hill, visitors will find the remains of Phoenician Villas, many Roman statues, the St. Louis Cathedral and the Carthage Museum. See also a view of modern Carthage.
The Antonine Baths, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, were built by the Romans (Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius) in the second century and they were once the largest in Africa. They were destroyed by the Vandals in AD 439.
Roman Amphitheatre: It was built in the mid 2nd century AD and could hold 10,000 spectators. It was one of the largest in the Roman Empire. | <urn:uuid:100fc007-ce78-419b-97cb-f2473239f505> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://elainekenney.wordpress.com/category/my-travel-experiences/africa/tunisia/tunis-capital-of-tunisia/carthage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.974661 | 367 | 2.796875 | 3 |
There are different forms of government, each with its own particular characteristics. There are some guys who are more bad than others and some are currently on the verge of disappearing. Difference Between Monarchy and Republic
Among the forms that we know best are the republic and the monarchy . What type of government is there in your country? Monarchy or republic? If you do not know what to answer because you do not understand the difference between the two systems, continue reading below so that you understand what distinguishes them.
REPUBLIC Difference Between Monarchy and Republic
The republic is a standard form of government . It is based on the principle that there should be no monarch and that the people who make up the state should be able to choose their own representative.
Machiavelli helped define the concept of republic through his work and also argued that this was a better form of government compared to the others.
In this system, people can choose someone who represents their interests. People have rights and they are not simply held under one authority. To ensure the rights of citizens, the laws established in the Constitution are followed.
As there are no monarchs in the republics, the head of state receives the title of President. If this is also the head of government, the system is known as the presidential system. It is important to have this detail very clear, because within the republic there are different ways of governing. In some States, the main political role is not exercised by the President; but by the Legislative Assembly. In these cases the presidential role is purely ceremonial. These states are known as parliamentary republics and operate in a similar way to parliamentary monarchies where the power of the President is quite restricted.
In parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the head of government and has the highest authority.
A monarchy is a form of government in which power is primarily exercised by an individual ruler or monarch. It is a political system based on inheritance (the monarch’s relatives succeed him), in which people are not authorized to cast votes.
The crown is passed down from one generation to another. The word monarch derives from the Greek word monarkhēs which means ” who rules alone “.
In the monarchy, it is necessary to be part of the royal family to be able to aspire to the throne. For example, the monarch’s children meet in line to receive title and power.
Monarchs also use other titles such as king – queen, emperor – empress, duke or duchess. E l title is held for life or until abdication.
The monarch makes all the decisions for the entire state and the people . Not all citizens are treated the same before the law, some people have a higher preference depending on their rank . Citizens can obtain privileges, rights and freedoms depending on the inclinations of the monarch.
There are different types of monarchies: constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, absolute monarchy and hybrid monarchy (between absolute and constitutional).
Key differences between republic and monarchy
- The republic is a form of government in which people or their representatives have the supreme power, while the monarchy is a form of government in which power is usually restricted to a particular individual (the monarch, king, emperor).
- In the monarchy, power is received by inheritance (the most direct relatives of the monarch succeed him), while in the republic it is the people who vote to elect their representative.
- In the republic there is equality regarding the legal treatment of citizens, while in the monarchy the legal treatment can be determined by the rank one has.
- Examples of republics: France, Russia, Mexico, United States, Dominican Republic.
- Examples of monarchies: United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates. | <urn:uuid:6a031d9e-9493-4904-94f4-a10c3a4c48ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://differencekey.com/difference-between-monarchy-and-republic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.964444 | 765 | 3.4375 | 3 |
ESCORT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
Escort Carriers (also known as Jeep Carriers) were small carriers used by the American, British, and Japanese Navies during World War II. US Navy Escort Carriers were used in the Atlantic to combat the U-Boat threat, while in the Pacific they provided air support during amphibious assaults, served as aircraft transports, and as back-ups to fleet carriers. There were 151 carriers built for the US Navy during World War II; 122 of these were escort carriers. The Casablanca Class numbered 50 ships, making it the largest class of aircraft carrier ever built.
Escort Carrier Profile Drawing by George E. Bieda
Shown here of the left is the USS Breton (CVE 23) of the Bogue class. On the right is the USS Lunga Point (CVE 94) from the Casablanca class, sporting her "Measure 33" camouflage paint. Click on either thumbnail to view a larger image, then click your browser's BACK button to return here.
Based on the years you served aboard, we will strive to draw your ship in the exact configuration you remember. Just fill in the "Year(s) Served Aboard Her" blank when ordering. And be sure to select your desired print options, too!
"Reserve Cruise" by Wayne Scarpaci
This print by Wayne Scarpaci, portrays USS Mindoro CVE 120, a Commencement Bay Escort Carrier, conducting blimp-assisted ASW operations during a US Naval Reserve training cruise, in 1955. You can click on the thumbnail image on the right for a large, more detailed view, then click your browser's BACK button to return here.
Send e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.org with questions or comments about this web site, or give us a call at 609-264-5256 ).
Copyright © 2006 - 2013 by USMilitaryArt.com, a division of A-T Products, Inc. All rights reserved.
All images of artists represented on this website are copyrighted and remain the property of the respective artists.
All orders for Limited Edition Prints subject to availability. | <urn:uuid:048c570d-d82f-43c1-97ce-7988bc78406f> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.usmilitaryart.com/escort_carriers.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037663587.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00206-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91175 | 447 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Reactor Theory (Nuclear Parameters)
Xenon-135 Response to Reactor Shutdown
When a reactor is shutdown, the neutron flux is reduced essentially to zero. Therefore, after
shutdown, xenon-135 is no longer produced by fission and is no longer removed by burnup. The
only remaining production mechanism is the decay of the iodine-135 which was in the core at
the time of shutdown. The only removal mechanism for xenon-135 is decay.
lI NI lXe NXe
Because the decay rate of iodine-135 is faster than the decay rate of xenon-135, the xenon
concentration builds to a peak. The peak is reached when the product of the terms lINI is equal
to lXeNXe (in about 10 to 11 hours). Subsequently, the production from iodine decay is less than
the removal of xenon by decay, and the concentration of xenon-135 decreases. The greater the
flux level prior to shutdown, the greater the concentration of iodine-135 at shutdown; therefore,
the greater the peak in xenon-135 concentration after shutdown. This phenomenon can be seen
in Figure 5, which illustrates the negative reactivity value of xenon-135 following shutdown from
various neutron flux levels.
Figure 5 Xenon-135 Reactivity After Reactor Shutdown | <urn:uuid:d32d6104-0a91-4a61-9b2f-d2ee64c1feec> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://nuclearpowertraining.tpub.com/h1019v2/css/Xenon-135-Response-To-Reactor-Shutdown-62.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118740.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00204-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919725 | 286 | 3.4375 | 3 |
On Veterans Sunday, we honor the serving members of the armed forces. On Veterans Sunday we also confess our hypocrisy, for we praise these men and women while on the battlefront and ignore them when they return home with bodies broken and minds scarred.
Throughout the British Commonwealth, this is Remembrance Sunday. Both Veterans and Remembrance Days originate in Armistice Day, the day when in 1918 at the 11th hour of the 11th day, of the 11th month, the guns on the Western Front fell silent. It was to be the war to end all wars. This was a hope unrealized. A hope added to a long list of broken dreams. Across the globe, nations will remember their war dead with these solemn words from the third stanza of Robert Lawrence Binyon’s poem: For the Fallen.
For they shall not grow old and we that are left grow old: age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning we will remember them.
On Armistice Day in 1918, the first rector of St Martin’s, Dr. Washburn celebrated the Eucharist in France where he was serving as a chaplain in the American Expeditionary Force. The significance of the day for Dr. Washburn lay not only in its contemporaneous importance but also because it was Martin’s Day -the feast day of the St Martin of Tours, our patron saint. He wrote home to the Vestry of his feelings on this day and we have his letter in our archives.
In the hymnal we find at number 591 the words:
O God of earth and altar bow down and hear our cry. Our earthly rulers falter, our people drift and die. The walls of gold entomb us, the sword of scorn divides. Take not thy thunder from us, but take away our pride.
So begins the first stanza of a poem penned by G.K. Chesterton in 1906. Following a meeting of the Church Socialist League in 1912 the delegates marched on Lambeth Palace with a petition to the Archbishop of Canterbury. They marched through central London and across Lambeth Bridge singing the words of Chesterton’s poem to the tune of Kings Lynn.
This was a particularly difficult time in British national life. The Christian Socialists marched against the background of viral militarist jingoism gripping the national imagination as the arms race with Germany intensified. They marched against the backdrop of deep labor agitation with a national coal miners strike in progress. The prospect of civil war was suggested as a solution to the nation’s ills. The First World War was welcomed by many in the Establishment because it provided the opportunity to cleanse the bloodlines of the nation – as Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London -proclaimed on the eve of war in 1914.
G.K. Chesterton came late to Christianity and only became a Roman Catholic in 1922. He came from the Left and is reported to have said that:
the only alternative to being a Socialist was not being a Socialist- and not being a socialist was a perfectly ghastly thing. It meant being a small headed and sneering snob, who grumbled at the rates (property taxes) and the working-classes.
The words seem both quaint and yet poignant for us living in another time and national context. O God of earth and altar rang out through the tumultuous years leading up to the First World War. These words continued to inspire the Christian Left during the tensions of the interwar years . They remind us that our own time of tumult is not unprecedented within living memory. The powerful and polarizing sentiments that suggest civil war as a solution to the ills that besiege us, is I fear, not far from some people’s minds.
We have been living through a period of increasing national polarization during which confidence in the integrity and functionality of our democratic institutions has been called into question. Contempt for democracy and the Constitution has marked the very party that claims superior allegiance to the Constitution on the floors of both the Senate and the House. The recent election evidences at least, the integrity of the electoral process.
We can all take heart from this. The fact that a candidate for the presidency can win the popular vote and lose the Electoral College is a perennial complexity of the American system. Yet it is not an indication of any deficit in the democratic integrity of our electoral process. Therefore, we echo Mrs. Clinton, President Obama, and Bishop Knisely when we call upon all to respect the outcome and now to pray for the President Elect.
Mr. Trump seems now to be something of a blank canvas as we wait to see how the campaigning Trump transforms into the presidential Trump. Shakespeare reminds us that:
All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts.
I despise the way Mr. Trump campaigned. As I mentioned last week, his style of campaigning has unleashed dark forces into civic consciousness that will be hard to banish back into our collective unconsciousness. Yet he won on the promise of a real departure from business as usual in the corridors and chambers of political power. Many of us are still struggling with our grief and fear. Yet, whether as supporters or detractors, we all find common cause in earnestly desiring an end to our political culture of fiddling while Rome burns. Whether or not our hopes are fulfilled, time will tell.
In her poem Don’t Worry Mary Oliver pens:
Things take the time they take. Don’t worry.
Oliver’s words bring an important nuance to Jesus’ words of dire prediction in Luke 21 in which he confronts his disciples as they marvel at the grandeur and beauty of the Second Temple, a source of great national pride for them. Jesus’ words cut them off at the knees – as it were, as he warns them of the Temple’s eventual destruction accompanied by complete social breakdown – a prediction that must have seemed inconceivable to them.
Within the prediction of calamitous events of social and environmental collapse Jesus tells us that the in-breaking of the Kingdom of God will take the time it takes and we are not to worry about that – frustrating, even frightening, certainly disappointing for us though this may be.
Jesus foretells the destruction of the Temple and with it the last semblances of a Jewish Nation. Luke records Jesus’ prophecy from the other side of the actual historical experience. It is tempting to draw parallels between this period and our own national situation in the second decade of the 21st century.
Mid to late 1st Century Jewish society had fragmented into conflicting factions -violently opposed to one another because of their disagreement over how to respond to increasing Roman oppression. As the increasing impossibility for religious accommodation to the political order mounted, different groups found different solutions.
Instead of Roman Oppression, today we divide along similar lines in response to a new imperialism of globalization with its propensity to favor technology and transnational capital flow over the human and societal interests of labor.
We have an urgent need to learn how to walk in one another’s shoes. Our differences reflect the way our own personal experience colors the way we see the world. Personally, I find the best way to do this, is, to be honest about what scares me and to invite others to do likewise. We all fear the experience of the underdog in a culture where abundance is masked by anxiety and a general assumption of scarcity. Hense the rich get richer while everyone else stagnates if not become poorer in real terms. We all fear being oppressed and discriminated against by the imposition of someone else’s rulebook.
Consequently, there is an underdog experience somewhere in all our lives. We hide from this experience by uber-dogging one another. What if we begin to relate to one another across the seeming chasms that divide us with the assumption that what unites us is the shared underdog experience?
Despite the time it takes, Jesus’ message is that the Kingdom even when it is attended by the rumor of war, civil conflict, and familial betrayals, is one of assurance for God is a God of liberation –I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt– and his purposes cannot long be delayed.
In the meantime, we have work to do as we daily fulfill the five promises of our Baptismal Covenant. These commit us to redouble our fight for justice, equality, and freedom from the oppressions of racism, homophobia, and misogyny. In the meantime, let’s hope Mr. Trump does mean what he says about breaking open the Washington logjam by challenging the corruption of political and vested interest privilege. If he does this we might hear Jesus speaking through Mary Oliver’s words:
Things take the time they take. Don’t worry! How many roads did St. Augustine follow before he became St. Augustine?
So we pray for President Elect Trump. We pray that God will shape him in new ways as he takes on the mantle of leadership. As we do so we continue to sing songs of expectation, marching to the promised land!
Americans need to be reminded that British Socialism grew not from the root of Marxism but from the Gospel imperatives as championed by Christians especially Methodism and other ‘Non-Conformist Protestant Traditions and by Anglo-Catholicism within the Church of England.
Cited by Christopher Howse writing in the Telegraph, Sept 12th 2015
The Essenes retreated into wilderness regions where they kept a strict separation from everything outside their communities, hunkering down to wait for the end-times. The Zealots took up armed conflict and took the fight to the Romans, at one point driving them from Jerusalem for a period of time. The Sicarii carried out street-level guerilla warfare assassinating Roman officials and Jewish collaborators. The Sadducees, the ultimate accommodationist party, fared poorly at the hands of the Zealots. The Pharisees suffered also as their ability to hold a middle way of fidelity to God and obedience to civil authority became less and less tenable. Those who did not take up arms found solace in an apocalyptic vision of their present suffering portrayed in future language and images of the immense final conflict that would usher in the reign of God and the vindication of the persecuted. | <urn:uuid:9732905c-9f16-4d02-91ca-710fdc007507> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://relationalrealities.com/2016/11/12/things-take-the-time-they-take/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038064898.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411174053-20210411204053-00387.warc.gz | en | 0.954829 | 2,151 | 2.875 | 3 |
If your dataset is reasonably small, for example, less than 100 observations and fewer than 10 variables (columns), then the most convenient way to access your data is to copy it into your SAS program.
To copy your data into SAS:
Open your data file (format of file doesn't matter: could be a spreadsheet, text file, etc.).
Highlight the data values and copy (Ctrl-C).
Open a new SAS Editor Window (File New Program; Ctrl-N) and paste (Ctrl-V).
Alternatively, you can type your data directly into the SAS Editor Window.
Always be sure to save your work: Ctrl-S.
SAS statements to read the data:
SAS needs to be told three things: a SAS name for the dataset, names for each of your variables, and any special format for those variables. These are accomplished with two SAS statements:
The DATA statement starts this process by naming the dataset, for example DATA one;
SAS statements always start with a keyword and end with a semicolon.
The INPUT statement names the variables and describes how they should be read in.
Finally, a DATALINES statement tells SAS that the data values follow.
\\\6 or 7 Examples (snagits) | <urn:uuid:8b2126f1-b77d-4fe8-a2ed-41228600379b> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://dawg.utk.edu/sas/sas_accessing_data_2.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689845.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20170924025415-20170924045415-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.833018 | 266 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Effects of Red-Shifts on Apparent Luminosity
The first step in the venture is the calculation of the proper corrections which must be applied to the measured apparent luminosities before the distances can be estimated. There are two possible corrections, the reasons for which are as follows. The apparent luminosity of a nebula is measured by the rate at which the radiant energy reaches the observer. The observer intercepts light-quanta, each carrying a certain amount of energy. A change in either the rate of arrival of the quanta, or in the individual energies they carry, will alter the measured luminosity. These considerations introduce two possible corrections, either or both of which must be applied according to circumstances.
The rate of arrival, the number of quanta which the observer intercepts each second, is necessarily reduced by recession of the nebulae. The appropriate correction, known as the recession factor, must be applied if, and only if, red-shifts are velocity-shifts. Here, in principle, lies the empirical test of the interpretation of red-shifts, which will be discussed later in considerable detail. | <urn:uuid:6cf7037f-7835-47ba-b2c2-c9ddd817722b> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept04/Hubble/Hubble2_8.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257650993.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324190917-20180324210917-00176.warc.gz | en | 0.940514 | 229 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The later half of the eighteenth century, which was dominated by Dr. Samuel Johnson, is called the Age of Johnson. Johnson died in 1784, and from that time the Classical spirit in English literature began to give place to the Romantic spirit, though officially the Romantic Age started from the year 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published the famous Lyrical Ballads. Even during the Age of Johnson, which was predominantly classical, cracks had begun to appear in the solid wall of classicism and there were clear signs of revolt in favour of the Romantic spirit. This was specially noticeable in the field of poetry. Most of the poets belonging to the Age of Johnson may be termed as the precursors of the Romantic Revival. That is why the Age of Johnson is also called the Age of Transition in English literature.
(a) Poets of the Age of Johnson
As has already been pointed out, the Age of Johnson in English poetry is an age of transition and experiment which ultimately led to the Romantic Revival. Its history is the history of the struggle between the old and the new, and of the gradual triumph of the new. The greatest protagonist of classicism during this period was Dr. Johnson himself, and he was supported by Goldsmith. In the midst of change these two held fast to the classical ideals, and the creative work of both of them in the field of poetry was imbued with the classical spirit. As Macaulay said, “Dr. Johnson took it for granted that the kind of poetry which flourished in his own time and which he had been accustomed to hear praised from his childhood, was the best kind of poetry, and he not only upheld its claims by direct advocacy of its canons, but also consistently opposed every experiment in which, as in the ballad revival, he detected signs of revolt against it.” Johnson’s two chief poems, London and The Vanity of Human Wishes, are classical on account of their didacticism, their formal, rhetorical style, and their adherence to the closed couplet.
Goldsmith was equally convinced that the classical standards of writing poetry were the best and that they had attained perfection during the Augustan Age. All that was required of the poets was to imitate those standards. According to him “Pope was the limit of classical literature.” In his opposition to the blank verse, Goldsmith showed himself fundamentally hostile to change. His two important poems, The Traveller and The Deserted Village, which are versified pamphlets on political economy, are classical in spirit and form. They are written in the closed couplet, are didactic, and have pompous phraseology. These poems may be described as the last great work of the outgoing, artificial eighteenth century school, though even in them, if we study them minutely, we perceive the subtle touches of the new age of Romanticism especially in their treatment of nature and rural life.
Before we consider the poets of the Age of Johnson, who broke from the classical tradition and followed the new Romantic trends, let us first examine what Romanticism stood for. Romanticism was opposed to Classicism on all vital points. For instance, the main characteristics of classical poetry were: (i) it was mainly the product of intelligence and was especially deficient in emotion and imagination; (ii) it was chiefly the town poetry; (iii) it had no love for the mysterious, the supernatural, or what belonged to the dim past; (iv) its style was formal and artificial; (v) it was written in the closed couplet; (vi) it was fundamentally didactic; (vii) it insisted on the writer to follow the prescribed rules and imitate the standard models of good writing. The new poetry which showed romantic leanings was opposed to all these points. For instance, its chief characteristics were: (i) it encouraged emotion, passion and imagination in place of dry intellectuality; (ii) it was more interested in nature and rustic life rather than in town life; (iii) it revived the romantic spirit—love of the mysterious, the supernatural, the dim past; (iv) it opposed the artificial and formal style, and insisted on simple and natural forms of expression; (v) it attacked the supremacy of the closed couplet and encouraged all sorts of metrical experiments; (vi) its object was not didactic but the expression of the writer’s experience for its own sake; (vii) it believed in the liberty of the poet to choose the theme and the manner of his writing.
The poets who showed romantic leanings, during the Age of Johnson, and who may be described as the precursors or harbingers of the Romantic Revival were James Thomson, Thomas Gray, William Collins, James Macpherson, William Blake, Robert Burns, William Cowper and George Crabbe.
James Thomson (1700-1748) was the earliest eighteenth century poet who showed romantic tendency in his work. The main romantic characteristic in his poetry is his minute observation of nature. In The Seasons he gives fine sympathetic descriptions of the fields, the woods, the streams, the shy and wild creatures. Instead of the closed couplet, he follows the Miltonic tradition of using the blank verse. In The Castle of Indolence, which is written in form of dream allegory so popular in medieval literature, Thomson uses the Spenserian stanza. Unlike the didactic poetry of the Augustans, this poem is full of dim suggestions.
Thomas Gray (1716-1771) is famous as the author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, “the best-known in the English language.” Unlike classical poetry which was characterised by restraint on personal feelings and emotions, this poem is the manifestation of deep feelings of the poet. It is suffused with the melancholy spirit which is a characteristic romantic trait. It contains deep reflections of the poet on the universal theme of death which spare no one. Other important poems of Gray are The Progress of Poesy and The Bard. Of these The Bard is more original and romantic. It emphasises the independence of the poet, which became the chief characteristic of romantic poetry. All these poems of Gray follow the classical model so far as form is concerned, but in spirit they are romantic.
William Collins (1721-1759). Like the poetry of Gray, Collin’s poetry exhibits deep feelings of melancholy. His first poem, Oriental Eclogues is romantic in feeling, but is written in the closed couplet. His best-known poems are the odes To Simplicity, To Fear, To the Passions, the small lyric How Sleep The Brave, and the beautiful “Ode to Evening”. In all these poems the poet values the solitude and quietude because they afford opportunity for contemplative life. Collins in his poetry advocates return to nature and simple and unsophisticated life, which became the fundamental creeds of the Romantic Revival.
James Macpherson (1736-1796) became the most famous poet during his time by the publication of Ossianic poems, called the Works of Ossian, which were translations of Gaelic folk literature, though the originals were never produced, and so he was considered by some critics as a forger. In spite of this Macpherson exerted a considerable influence on contemporary poets like Blake and Burns by his poetry which was impregnated with moonlight melancholy and ghostly romantic suggestions.
William Blake (1757-1827). In the poetry of Blake we find a complete break from classical poetry. In some of his works as Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience which contain the famous poems—Little Lamb who made thee? and Tiger, Tiger burning bright, we are impressed by their lyrical quality. In other poems such as The Book of Thel, Marriage of Heaven and Hell, it is the prophetic voice of Blake which appeals to the reader. In the words of Swinburne, Blake was the only poet of “supreme and simple poetic genius” of the eighteenth century, “the one man of that age fit, on all accounts, to rank with the old great masters”. Some of his lyrics are, no doubt, the most perfect and the most original songs in the English language.
Robert Burns (1759-96), who is the greatest song writer in the English language, had great love for nature, and a firm belief in human dignity and quality, both of which are characteristic of romanticism. He has summed up his poetic creed in the following stanza:
Give me a spark of Nature’s fire,
That is all the learning I desire;
Then, though I trudge through dub and mire
At plough or cart,
My Muse, though homely in attire,
May touch the heart.
That is all the learning I desire;
Then, though I trudge through dub and mire
At plough or cart,
My Muse, though homely in attire,
May touch the heart.
The fresh, inspired songs of Burns as The Cotter’s Saturday Night, To a Mouse, To a Mountain Daisy, Man was Made to Mourne went straight to the heart, and they seemed to be the songs of the birds in spring time after the cold and formal poetry for about a century. Most of his songs have the Elizabethan touch about them.
William Cowper (1731-1800), who lived a tortured life and was driven to the verge of madness, had a genial and kind soul. His poetry, much of which is of autobiographical interest, describes the homely scenes and pleasures and pains of simple humanity—the two important characteristics of romanticism. His longest poem, The Task, written in blank verse, comes as a relief after reading the rhymed essays and the artificial couplets of the Age of Johnson. It is replete with description of homely scenes, of woods and brooks of ploughmen and shepherds. Cowper’s most laborious work is the translation of Homer in blank verse, but he is better known for his small, lovely lyrics like On the Receipt of My Mother’s Picture, beginning with the famous line, Oh, that those lips had language’, and Alexander Selkirk, beginning with the oft-quoted line, ‘I am monarch of all I survey’.
George Crabbe (1754-1832) stood midway between the Augustans and the Romantics. In form he was classical, but in the temper of his mind he was romantic. Most of his poems are written in the heroic couplet, but they depict an attitude to nature which is Wordsworthian. To him nature is a “presence, a motion and a spirit,” and he realizes the intimate union of nature with man. His well-known poem. The Village, is without a rival as a picture of the working men of his age. He shows that the lives of the common villager and labourers are full of romantic interest. His later poems, The Parish Register, The Borough, Tales in Verse, and Tales of the Hall are all written in the same strain.
Another poet who may also be considered as the precursor of the Romantic Revival was Thomas Chatterton (1752-70), the Bristol boy, whose The Rowley Poems, written in pseudo-Chaucerian English made a strong appeal of medievalism. The publication of Bishop Percy’s Reliques of Ancient Poetry in 1765 also made great contribution to the romantic mood reviving interest in ballad literature.
(b) Prose of the Age of Johnson
In the Age of Johnson the tradition established by prose writers of the earlier part of the eighteenth century—Addison, Steele and Swift—was carried further. The eighteenth century is called the age of aristocracy. This aristocracy was no less in the sphere of the intellect than in that of politics and society. The intellectual and literary class formed itself into a group, which observed certain rules of behaviour, speech and writing. In the field of prose the leaders of this group established a literary style which was founded on the principles of logical and lucid thought. It was opposed to what was slipshod, inaccurate, and trivial. It avoided all impetuous enthusiasm and maintained an attitude of aloofness and detachment that contributed much to its mood of cynical humour. The great prose writers, the pillars of the Age of Johnson, who represented in themselves, the highest achievements of English prose, were Johnson, Burke and Gibbon.
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) was the literary dictator of his age, though he was not its greatest writer. He was a man who struggled heroically against poverty and ill-health; who was ready to take up cudgels against anyone however high he might be placed, but who was very kind and helpful to the poor and the wretched. He was an intellectual giant, and a man of sterling character, on account of all these qualities he was honoured and loved by all, and in his poor house gathered the foremost artists, scholars, actors, and literary men of London, who looked upon him as their leader.
Johnson’s best-known works are his Dictionary and Lives of Poets. He contributed a number of articles in the periodicals, The Rambler, The Idler and Rasselas. In them his style is ponderous and verbose, but in Lives of Poets, which are very readable critical biographies of English poets, his style is simple and at time charming. Though in the preceding generations Dryden, Addison, Steele and Swift wrote elegant, lucid and effective prose, none of them set up any definite standard to be followed by others. What was necessary in the generation when Johnson wrote, was some commanding authority that might set standard of prose style, lay down definite rules and compel others to follow them. This is what was actually done by Johnson. He set a model of prose style which had rhythm, balance and lucidity, and which could be imitiated with profit. In doing so he preserved the English prose style from degenerating into triviality and feebleness, which would have been the inevitable result of slavishly imitating the prose style of great writers like Addison by ordinary writers who had not the secret of Addison’s genius. The model was set by Johnson.
Though Johnson’s own style is often condemned as ponderous and verbose, he could write in an easy and direct style when he chose. This is clear from Lives of Poets where the formal dignity of his manner and the ceremonial stateliness of his phraseology are mixed with touches of playful humour and stinging sarcasm couched in very simple and lucid prose. The chief characteristic of Johnson’s prose-style is that it grew out of his conversational habit, and therefore it is always clear, forceful and frank. We may not some time agree to the views he expresses in the Lives, but we cannot but be impressed by his boldness, his wit, wide range and brilliancy of his style.
Burke (1729-1797) was the most important member of Johnson’s circle. He was a member of the Parliament for thirty years and as such he made his mark as the most forceful and effective orator of his times. A man of vast knowledge, he was the greatest political philosopher that ever spoke in the English Parliament.
Burke’s chief contributions to literature are the speeches and writings of his public career. The earliest of them were Thoughts on the Present Discontent (1770). In this work Burke advocated the principle of limited monarchy which had been established in England since the Glorious Revolution in 1688, when James II was made to quit the throne, and William of Orange was invited by the Parliament to become the king of England with limited powers. When the American colonies revolted against England, and the English government was trying to suppress that revolt, Burke vehemently advocated the cause of American independence. In that connection he delivered two famous speeches in Parliament. On American Taxation (1774) and on Conciliation with America, in which are embodied true statesmanship and political wisdom. The greatest speeches of Burke were, however, delivered in connection with the French Revolution, which were published as The Reflections on the French Revolution (1790). Here Burke shows himself as prejudiced against the ideals of the Revolution, and at time he becomes immoderate and indulges in exaggerations. But from the point of view of style and literary merit the Reflections stand higher, because they brought out the poetry of Burke’s nature. His last speeches delivered in connection with the impeachment of Warren Hastings for the atrocities he committed in India, show Burke as the champion of justice and a determined foe of corruption, high-handedness and cruelty.
The political speeches and writings of Burke belong to the sphere of literature of a high order because of their universality. Though he dealt in them with events which happened during his day, he gave expression to ideas and impulses which were true not for one age but for all times. In the second place they occupy an honourable place in English literature on account of excellence of their style. The prose of Burke is full of fire and enthusiasm, yet supremely logical; eloquent and yet restrained; fearless and yet orderly; steered by every popular movement and yet dealing with fundamental principles of politics and philosophy. Burke’s style, in short, is restrained, philosophical, dignified, obedient to law and order, free from exaggeration and pedantry as well as from vulgarity and superficiality.
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) was the first historian of England who wrote in a literary manner. His greatest historical work—The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, which is an authoritative and well-documented history, can pass successfully the test of modern research and scholarship. But its importance in literature is on account of its prose style which is the very climax of classicism. It is finished, elegant, elaborate and exhaustive. Though his style is sometimes marred by affectations and undue elaboration, yet on account of his massive intellect, and unfailing sense of literary proportion, he towers above all competitors as the model historian. | <urn:uuid:de16ac54-829a-4fc4-93ad-dcae7d9b9d6c> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://neoenglish.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/the-age-of-johnson-1744-1784/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820930.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017072323-20171017092323-00687.warc.gz | en | 0.978568 | 3,762 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Short for compact disc read-only memory, a CD-ROM is an optical disc containing audio or software data whose memory is read-only. A CD-ROM Drive or optical drive is the device used to read them. CD-ROM drives have speeds ranging from 1x to 72x, meaning it reads the CD (compact disc) roughly 72 times faster than the 1x version. As you would imagine, these drives are capable of playing audio CDs and reading data CDs, including CD-R (compact disc recordable) and CD-RW (compact disc re-writable) discs.
A CD-ROM drive cannot read a DVD (digital versatile disc), including movie DVDs and data DVDs. The DVD format is different than a CD, and a CD-ROM drive is not designed to read the format of a DVD. A DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc read-only memory) drive or later disc technologies like Blu-ray drive is required to read a DVD.
Does my computer have a CD drive?
Today's newer computers no longer have disc drives (CD drive). To determine if your computer has a CD drive, examine the front of the computer. The front of the computer should have a slot or tray that opens to read a CD. If you visually cannot see a CD drive, browse your computer drives to see if your operating system lists a disc drive.
Disc drive overview
How to open and close a CD-ROM drive
A CD-ROM drive can be opened by pressing the tray eject button on the front of the drive (pictured right). To close the CD-ROM drive, press the tray or the eject button again.
With some computer cases, the eject button may be hidden behind the case to make the case look more visually appealing. If you don't see an eject button, try pressing on the right side of the disc drive, which is often toward the top of the tower.
If the eject button is not working, you can open or eject the tray through My Computer, or "This PC" in newer versions of Windows. In My Computer, find the list of drives in the computer, then right-click the CD-ROM drive and select Eject in the pop-up menu.
A CD-ROM drive can also be manually opened by inserting the end of the paperclip into the drive eject hole. Insert it gently until you feel resistance, then press in a little further to activate the release mechanism. If done properly, the tray should open a little bit, and you can use your fingers to pull the tray out gently. Manually opening or ejecting the tray can be useful for removing a CD that is stuck in the CD-ROM drive.
Which drive letter is the CD-ROM?
By default, your CD-ROM should be designated by D: when you are viewing the various drives on your computer. However, when adding a new hard drive or partition, a CD-ROM's drive letter may be moved further down the alphabet (e.g., from D: to E:). To be sure which drive letter your CD-ROM is under, follow the steps below.
- Open Windows Explorer by pressing the Windows key+E.
- From the list on the left side of the Explorer window, click This PC.
- You should see a list of all your computer's drives and their respective letters, as shown below.
If there is a CD, DVD, or another disc in the disc drive you wanted to run double-click the disc drive icon in Explorer. If the disc AutoPlays and you want to browse the files on the disc, right-click the disc icon and choose Open or Explore.
CD-ROM and disc drive interfaces
Below are the different interfaces that allow a CD-ROM and other disc drives to connect to a computer.
- IDE/ATA - One of the most commonly used interfaces for disc drives.
- Panasonic - Older proprietary interface.
- Parallel - Interface used with old external CD-ROM drives.
- PCMCIA (PC Card) - Interface sometimes used to connect external disc drives to laptop computers.
- SATA (Serial AT Attachment) - Replacing IDE as the new standard to connect disc drives.
- SCSI (small computer system interface) - Another common interface used with disk and disc drives.
- USB (universal serial bus) - Interface most commonly used to connect external disc drives.
CD-ROM transfer speeds
Below are the standard transfer rates and access times for CD-ROM drives. The below figures are averages you can expect to find on each speed of CD-ROM drive.
|Drive speed||Transfer rate (Mbit/s)||Access time (ms)|
|Single speed (1x)||1.2288||400|
|Double speed (2x)||2.4576||300|
|Quad speed (4x)||4.9152||150|
|Six speed (6x)||7.0653||150|
|Eight speed (8x)||9.8304||100|
|Ten speed (10x)||12.288||100|
|Twelve speed (12x)||14.7456||100|
|Eighteen speed (18x)||21.8343||90|
|Twenty speed (20x)||up to 24.576||90|
|Thirty-two speed (32x)||up to 39.3216||85|
|Thirty-six speed (36x)||up to 44.2368||80|
|Fifty-two speed (52x)||up to 63.8976||80|
|Seventy-two speed (72x)||up to 88.4736||75|
|CAV drives (12x - 24x)||1,843,200 - 3,686,400||150-90|
History of the CD-ROM
The compact disc was first developed by Philips and Sony in 1982. Denon expanded on the CD-DA (compact disc digital audio) format to create the CD-ROM format, allowing it to store any data and not only audio.
In 1984, Denon and Sony introduced the CD-ROM format to the public at a Japanese computer show. The first CD-ROM disc introduced to the public had a storage capacity of 553 MB. Today, a standard CD-ROM disc can store up to 700 MB of data, or 80 minutes worth of audio. Non-standard CD-ROM discs also exist that store up to 900 MB of data, or 99 minutes of audio. | <urn:uuid:8b4022a2-10b2-4779-888a-40b2c3a97183> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cdrom.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506027.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921105806-20230921135806-00840.warc.gz | en | 0.875101 | 1,378 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Your doctor needs to know about all aspects of your health in order to provide the best treatment.
Tell your doctor about all the symptoms you are experiencing. This can help your doctor tell how well your liver is working. Your doctor may offer suggestions or prescribe medication to help you feel better.
Standard treatment for hepatitis C includes a combination of several antiviral medicines. Your doctor will track your progress with blood tests. If there are still detectable levels of hepatitis C virus in your blood after treatment, he or she may try another course of treatment. If you don't understand something your doctor says, ask questions. Also ask how long a treatment will take, the benefits, side effects and rate of success, so you can make an informed decision.
Your food choices can have a big impact on your health. Your doctor can help you develop a diet that works for you.
Certain supplements can interfere with how medication works for you. For example, vitamin A can be toxic in high doses. Also, let your doctor know about all the over-the-counter medications you are taking. Taking large amounts (2,000 mg a day) of acetaminophen (found in sinus medications and other drugs) can be toxic to the liver.
In between visits, write down any symptoms and side effects you are experiencing. Also note how you feel treatment is progressing. Jot down questions you want to ask the doctor. This will make your next visit more productive.
Learn as much as you can about hepatitis C. Ask your doctor where you can get information so that you are always in the know about your disease. | <urn:uuid:08fd4654-c6ae-4e00-86fb-2e2d7cd18a61> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.healthmonitor.com/infections/hep-c/talking-about-hepatitis-c-help-your-doctor-help-you | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705957380/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120557-00057-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94434 | 326 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Roger Scruton's book is a deep and daunting study of the most important single composition in Western music, Richard Wagner's Tristan and Isolde. Scruton believes that only Bach's St Matthew Passion is Tristan's equal among musical masterpieces. Some of us might want to add The Marriage of Figaro or a Josquin Mass to this shortlist, but music-lovers and musicologists, Wagnerites and Wagner-haters, identify Tristan as the greatest crisis point in composition since the 12th-century School of Paris.
Tristan's intense chromatisising may not have corroded the diatonic system irresistibly: Scruton shows the opera is still a tonal work. But without Wagner's pioneering extension of melody, harmony and rhythm, the achievements of Debussy, Schönberg and the Dodecophonic composers, even of today's "pick-and-mix" opportunists, could hardly have come about.
More has been written about Wagner and especially Tristan than perhaps any other opera. Yet Scruton's examination is highly original and delves into aspects which have seldom been explored so rigorously. His approach is threefold - close attention to the libretto, detailed analysis of the score and, probably most importantly, an opening-out of Wagner's philosophical world-view, of which Tristan is the most complete artistic expression.
Its text has always presented difficulties to English-speakers. In her diaries, Cosima Wagner records Richard reading Shakespeare's plays to his family, once remarking that this supreme artist would have been ever greater if he had written in German and not in that barbarous tongue, English. The short lines, ejaculatory syntax and wide-stretching vowels of Wagner's German are well designed for singing, but almost defy translation. Several passages, including some of the love scene of Act Two and the final Liebestod, seem to be composed as a species of ululating vocalise, though with a sonic concern for consonants.
Scruton has bothered to read the book of the opera for its drama, and finds it accurately and skilfully assembled. He refutes any suggestion of longueurs, noticing how much of the complicated detail of the original story derived from Gottfried of Strasbourg is included in the sung dialogue.
Opera-goers who complain that little appears to happen on stage are missing the enormous amount that develops in verbal exchanges. It is not a case of music carrying the action forward, but of words and music combining to embody the drama. As Scruton explains, music exhibits "will" directly.
That "will" is from the philosopher Schopenhauer's World as Will and Representation, one of the entrances into Scruton's elaborate discussion of the "death-devoted heart"; of the study of erotic love as a purification of a story once besmirched by medievalism; and of the realms of Day and Night - the one symbolised by King Marke and the world of chivalry, the other by Isolde's quenching of the torch when the lovers are alone, awaiting the return of the royal hunting party.
Scruton's general thesis offers few hostages to readers, like myself, not drawn to philosophy. Nevertheless, his emphasis fits the experience of the music. Tristan is not an opera about sexual longing alone, but an expedition into the cosmos of love, renunciation and redemption. Scruton's argument is equipped with many insights about the power of music to suggest more than itself. A leitmotif, he writes, is a fragment of music with a memory; the pent-up anxiety with which the opera begins is finally heard to contain the serene redemption with which it ends. In fact, everything flows from the initial chord of Tristan, as it hungers for resolution; and, like Racine, Wagner makes passion move with the orderliness of syntax.
In New Year Letter, WH Auden, tracing the European crisis of self-loathing, writes:
The genius of the loud Steam Age,
Loud Wagner put it on the stage.
Scruton would regard such frivolity with distaste, but Auden's couplet reminds us that Tristan is a masterpiece conceived for the theatre that only comes fully alive on the stage. Scruton's readers, while marvelling at his seriousness, should have the music in their ears and some images of a performance fixed in their minds.
Peter Porter's latest collection of poetry is 'Max is Missing' (Picador)
- More about:
- Classical Music Composers
- Claude Debussy
- Music Composing And Composers | <urn:uuid:4177f2bf-7711-4e86-adac-7ee9930557fa> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/death-devoted-heart-by-roger-scruton-67712.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661905.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00009-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952943 | 965 | 2.75 | 3 |
Marshall County, one of the original 33 counties created by the first territorial legislature, is located in the northern tier of counties. The act defining the boundaries is as follows: "Beginning at the northwest corner of Nemaha county, thence west on the boundary line 30 miles, thence south 30 miles, thence east 30 miles, thence north 30 miles to the place of beginning." By the act of Feb. 16, 1860, the county seat was permanently located at Marysville.
The history of Marshall county goes back to the expedition of Stephen H. Long, who passed through this territory in 1819 and 1820 on his way from Pittsburgh to the Rocky mountains. Gen. Fremont led a similar expedition through what is now Marshall county in the early '40s, and in 1847 John Smith, the Mormon apostle, with his band of followers from Illinois opened a permanent trail crossing the Big Blue river 6 miles below the present city of Marysville, at a place afterward called "Mormon," for the reason that it became a camping place for these people, who during the next two years crossed the plains by the thousands. In 1849 this trail was used by California gold hunters and the place was called "California crossing." Later it was known as Independence crossing. The first permanent settlement was made at this place by A. G. Woodward in 1848.
The most prominent man in the settlement and early development of the county was Francis J. Marshall, after whom it was named. He came from Missouri in 1849 and established a ferry at California crossing, but for several seasons he returned to his old home every winter. In the spring of 1851 he moved his ferry 6 miles up the river and established a trading post where Marysville now stands. In 1854 James McCloskey, who had been out to the Rocky mountains and had there married an Indian woman, came with half a dozen other traders and their families. McCloskey settled near Marshall's ferry and the others settled on the Vermillion on invitation of a Pottawatomie half-breed by the name of Louis Tremble.
Early in the spring of 1855 settlements were made in the southeastern part of the county along the Vermillion. Some of the first to come were John D. Wells and his family from Kentucky, A. G. Barrett, the Brockmeyer brothers, Joseph Langdon, Thomas Warren, H. Ashdown and the Farley brothers. A number of new families located in and around Marysville. In 1857 Smith Martin took up a claim in Center township and built a cabin. William Reedy and M. T. Bennett settled on Coon creek; George Guittard and his sons located in the northwestern part of the county, about 3 miles north of the present town of Beattie; Blue Rapids City township was settled by James Walter, M. L. Duncan and others; Blue Rapids township was settled by four brothersAmbrose, East, Martin and James Shippwho located near the present town of Irving. In 1858 Samuel Smith settled near the east line of Noble township and the next year Isaac Walker had taken a claim on the west fork of the Vermillion.
The county was organized in 1855 and the county seat established at Marysville. The first election was held on March 30 of that year. It was an interesting event. The Kansas-Nebraska act, which provided for the organization of the territory, conferred the right to vote upon every "inhabitant" of the territory, otherwise qualified, who should be an actual settler. Nothing was said about any required period of residence. A most liberal construction was put upon this provision by the Missourians who came into the territory by the thousands and voted. The party which came to Marysville numbered several hundred men who came in wagons with camping equipment, stayed long enough to vote, and then left. The polling place was in the "loft" of F. J. Marshall's store. The voter would go up a stairway far enough for the clerks and judges to see his head, call out a name, deposit his ballot, go back down, absorb some bad whiskey, think up another name and repeat the process. It is said that Jonathan Lang of Vermillion (nicknamed "Shanghai"), after voting all day long between drinks, sprang upon a whiskey barrel and offered to bet $100 that he had outvoted anybody in the crowd. The challenge was accepted and the money put up. The investigating committee found that "Shanghai" had lost the bet, the winning party having deposited nearly 100 votes. It is said that this man had in his possession a St. Louis city directory and had voted half way through the "A" list. As a result Marysville, which consisted of only three or four log cabins (although it was the only town in northern Kansas of any importance at that time), rolled up 1,000 votes. Francis J. Marshall was elected a member of the territorial legislature.
The first probate judge of Marshall county was James Doniphan, who held the first term of court on Oct. 10, 1855. Alexander Clark, the first sheriff, received his commission in October of that year and was killed the next June while attempting to arrest two horse thieves. M. L. Duncan was appointed to serve out Clark's term. James McCloskey was the first county clerk. W. N. Glenn, John D. Wells and M. L. Duncan were the first commissioners.
In 1856 a colony of 85 South Carolina men organized at Atchison what they called the Palmetto Town company. The site of the old ferry at Independence crossing was bought from Francis J. Marshall for $500 and a town laid out, which was called Palmetto. Among those who came and settled were J. S. Magill, J. P. Miller, O. D. Prentis, Albert Morrall, W. B. Jenkins, J. R. Allston, John Vanderhorst, A. S. Vaught and Robert Y. Shibley. About the same time Marshall laid out a town around his trading post and ferry which he called Marysville, after his wife. The two communities were at variance for the next two years, and in some cases their quarrels were settled with pistols. At last Marshall induced the South Carolinians to move their town up the river to Marysville.
The first newspaper established in the county was the Palmetto Kansan, owned by the Palmetto Town company and edited by J. E. Clardy, in 1857.
The first marriage was in Aug., 1856, between Timothy Clark and Judy North on the Vermillion. They were married by Squire Ault at the home of James Smith. The first birth was that of Emma Shipp in 1857, and the first death was that of Ellis Myers, who froze to death in a terrible storm in the winter of 1856-57. The first postoffices were Marysville, 1854, Francis Marshall, postmaster; Barrett, 1857, E. Pugh, postmaster; Irving, 1860, M. D. Abbott, postmaster; Waterville, 1860; Lanesburg, 1863, E. Lewis, postmaster; Nottingham, 1867, D. C. Ault, postmaster.
The population in 1860 was 2,280, well distributed over the county. Churches had been built and school districts had begun to be organized. The first school was taught by Miss Jennie Robb in 1859 in Marysville. Other early teachers were Miss Kate Webber, R. S. Newell and P. O. Robbins. In the spring of 1861 the war broke out and the growth of the county was retarded for four years. The war department made Marysville the recruiting station for Washington and Marshall counties. Three full companies were recruited here. Company K, Ninth Kansas cavalry, which consisted of 80 men under Capt. Thomas M. Bowen, J. D. Wells as first lieutenant; Company G, Thirteenth Kansas infantry, recruited in Marysville in Aug., 1862, Vermillion township, furnished the most of the men, W. S. Blackborn captain and Thomas Hensel first lieutenant Company E, Thirteenth Kansas infantry, was recruited in Marysville in the fall of 1862, with Capt. Perry Hutchinson in command. Company H, Second Kansas cavalry, was made up entirely of Washington and Marshall county men, and Marshall county men joined other Kansas regiments and regiments raised in other states. Out of 450 voters Marshall county furnished in all 431 men for the Union army. At that time Marshall county was on the border and was at times the seat of panics arising from Indian depredations. Emigrants, ranchmen and settlers who had ventured farther west were often driven in. There was some fear that the older settlements would be attacked while depleted of able-bodied fighters. In 1862 a raid was made into Washington county. A detachment of troops being recruited at Marysville was sent out, but no Indians were seen. In 1864 a raid was made on the Little Blue river. On Aug. 10, 1864, the refugees began arriving at Marysville in wagons, each party telling of terrible outrages and tortures of those captured. The next day two companies, one under Capt. Frank Schmidt and one in charge of Lieut. McCloskey, had been raised and were on their way to the scene of trouble. A company from Vermillion, under Capt. James Kelley, and one from Irving, under Capt. T. B. Vaile, joined them. The Marshall county troops were commanded by Col. E. C. Manning. A brigade expedition of Nemaha, Riley and Washington county men also went out under the command of Gen. Perry of Seneca. Both expeditions returned without finding the Indians.
During this time considerable domestic trouble was caused by what was known as the "Oketo cutoff." In 1863 the overland stake[sic] route came by Guittard's station through Marysville. The proprietor of the stage line for some reason did not like Marysville and proposed to change the route to go through Oketo. Accordingly he built the "cutoff" at great expense, and in Oct., 1862, the stage began traveling that route, leaving Marysville several miles to the south. This was bad for the town, for it not only diverted travel but delayed the mail so that it was sometimes a month behind the regular time in reaching the town. Instead of daily mail they would get it twice a week or once in every two weeks with exasperating irregularity. This precipitated a sort of neighborhood struggle in which no one was killed, but many tricks played by both sides, some of which were destructive to property. At one time the United States troops were called out from Fort Leavenworth to protect the stage line. After losing some $50,000 by the cut-off the proprietor of the stage line changed the route back to Marysville in March, 1863.
As was the case with nearly every county, Marshall had a county seat contest. The territorial legislature placed it at Marysville in 1855, but in 1859 T. S. Vaile, who was a member of the free-state legislature, had the county seat changed to Sylvan, a place located on Section 25, township 3, range 8. By a vote of the people it was taken back to Marysville. In 1871 the matter again came before the people, with Waterville, Blue Rapids, Frankfort and Marysville contesting. The election resulted in favor of Marysville. The number of votes cast would indicate that there were between 13,000 and 14,000 people in the county at this time.
The first train came into Marshall county over the St. Joseph & Western R. R., which was begun in 1860 and reached the eastern limits of Marshall county in 1870. The next year it was extended to Marysville. Marshall county is now well provided with railroads. The Union Pacific crosses the county from north to south a little west of the center; the St. Joseph & Grand Island crosses the northern part of the county; the Missouri Pacific crosses the southern part, and a branch of the same system crosses the northeast corner. These lines afford ample transportation and shipping facilities to all parts of the county.
The surface of Marshall county is prairie, broken by hills and bluffs along the Blue river and its branches. The geological formations include gypsum, limestone and coal. Building stone is quarried out of the bluffs. The Big Blue river runs through the county from north to south, furnishing a water power unequaled elsewhere in the state. The Little Blue, one of its branches, enters near the central part of the west line of the county and empties into the Big Blue 2 miles above Blue Rapids. The Black Vermillion flows through the southeastern part of the county and empties into the Big Blue a few miles below Irving. Numerous smaller streams complete the water system of the county.
Marshall is divided into 23 civil townships; Balderson, Blue Rapids, Blue Rapids City, Center, Clear Fork, Cleveland, Cottage Hill, Elm Creek, Franklin, Guittard, Herkimer, Logan, Marysville, Murray, Noble, Oketo, Richland, Rock, St. Bridget, Vermillion, Walnut, Waterville and Wells.
The leading farm crops are corn and wheat. The value of the corn crop in 1910 was $2,416,480, and of the wheat $115,200. The minor crops are grains, grasses and potatoes. Considerable live stock is raised and shipped. The total value of farm products in 1910 was $5,383,389.52. The population in 1910 was 23,880.Pages 227-231 from volume II of Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. ... / with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence. Standard Pub. Co. Chicago : 1912. 3 v. in 4. : front., ill., ports.; 28 cm. Vols. I-II edited by Frank W. Blackmar. Transcribed July 2002 by Carolyn Ward.
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The KSGenWeb Project | <urn:uuid:62343c38-5031-4b8e-b920-1d9de4150769> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/m/marshall_county.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163050122/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131730-00097-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978033 | 3,101 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The East Bay Children’s Book Project helps put books into the homes of children who don’t have them. Now a study says that children who grow up in homes with books are more likely to stay in school for longer – and that this may be true whether their parents are highly literate or not. And here’s the best part – you can help do something about it! (Read all the way to the end …)
According to the May 21, 2010 online issue of Science Daily, a 20-year-long study showed that having 500 books in the home can be as important as having university-educated parents in determining how much education a child will receive. But you don’t need a big personal library to have an effect on your child’s education or literacy: according to the study, children with even 20 books in the home got higher levels of education than those without any books. And the effect was greater when the parents had less education.
Are there really families with no books at all in their homes? Sadly, yes. Literacy, and the lack of it, is a huge issue. An estimated one in four English-speaking adults in the United States can’t read well enough to complete a job application. And when money is tight, buying books is low on the list.
That’s where the East Bay Children’s Book Project comes in. Our clients get books into the hands of children who need them. For example, the Families for Literacy Program of the Oakland (California) Public Library’s Second Start Adult Literacy Program gives over 1,000 books a year to the children of adult literacy learners. These children will grow up with books in their homes.
YOU CAN HELP! Organize a book drive for the East Bay Children’s Book Project at your office, school, place of worship, or among friends. Ask a local business to host one of our book collection bags; contact us to find out more. Spread the word: tell your friends who work for organizations benefiting children about us. Or make a donation to help us buy new books and cover our expenses! Support the East Bay Children’s Book Project. We make education happen! | <urn:uuid:a5677df7-4aef-4048-9f5b-4536e11c3a1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.eastbaychildrensbookproject.org/2010/06/homes-with-books-children-with-more-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171706.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00580-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957718 | 458 | 2.828125 | 3 |
/EEEEE/ IT’S A SPIDER!
By Leigh Morgan
Beginning Reading Lesson
The students are doing well with consonants, short vowels, and long vowels as signaled by single graphemes. They have learned the ee=/E/ correspondence and are comfortable with the fact that more than one letter combination can say /E/. This lesson will help them to identify and use the ea=/E/ correspondence using letter boxes, a method with which they are already familiar.
Explain Why – “Some sounds can be spelled in different ways. We need to be able to recognize the different spellings so that we can read words that we have never seen before.”
Review – “Do you remember the /E/ sound? It’s the spider sound. Do you remember why it is the spider sound? Right, because it is the sound that my sister makes when she sees a spider! We have learned that this (write “ee” on the board) tells us to use the /E/ sound and today we are going to learn a new way that letters say /E/.”
Explain How – “Look at this combination (write “ea” on the board). This also says /E/. In fact there is something on your head right now that has the same /E/ in its name. Do you know what it is? That’s right – your ear!”
Model – Put four letter boxes up on the board with sticky tack. “If I wanted to read this word (put dream up in the appropriate letter boxes), I would start with this part (take off d, r, and m). This says what?” Class responds “/E/”
“Very well done. Now I would put this back (put up d and r). /d/, /r/, /E/…/d//r//E/. Ok /d//r//E/. Now I will add the last part back (put the m up). /d//r//E/, /m/…../d//r//E/, /m/, /d//r//E//m/….DREAM!
Simple Practice – “I am going to give each of you a letter of the alphabet and we are going to use the letters to spell words in our class letter boxes. If you think that your letter is in the word I call out, stand up and the class will decide together if your letter is in the word. If it is you may come up and put your letter in the letterbox where you think it goes. If you need help you may pick a friend to help you put it in the correct box.” Put up two boxes and call out the words eat and ear. Put up three boxes and call out the words beak, tear, and beam. Put up four boxes and call out the words treat and spear. Put up five boxes and call out the word streak. The teacher may select more words if desired. The students already know how to do a letterbox lesson so no in-depth instruction should be necessary. “Now that you have spelled words for me, I will spell word for you! See if you can read the words I write on the board.” Write the words that the students spelled, one-by-one on the board in random order.
Murray, Bruce and Theresa Lesniak. “The Letterbox Lesson: A Hands-On Approach for
Teaching Decoding,” The
Pinnell, Gay Su, Mary D. Fried, and Rose Mary Estice. “Reading Recovery: Learning
How to Make a Difference,” The | <urn:uuid:e2198475-888f-4a47-8eb6-c0c507bcc7e2> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.auburn.edu/academic/education/reading_genie/guides/morganbr.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223207046.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032007-00318-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930409 | 775 | 4.125 | 4 |
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