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Hello everyone, I feel ashamed to be asking someone to explain such simple notation to me, but I’m having serious problems understanding it. Any help would be deeply appreciated. Thank you. I’ll use “u” and “n” to denote Union and Intercept as I don’t know how to make the symbols. What I can understand of the notation is as follow. If A and B are two events and P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.3 and P(AuB) = 0.8 P(A) would be the probability of event A occurring by itself and P(B) would be the probability of B occurring by itself. P(AuB) would be either A or B occurring. P(AnB) would be when A and B occurs at the same time. P(A’) when A does not occur, so 1 – P(A) P(B’) when B does not occur, so 1 – P(B) Now the confusing part… P(A’nB) What I can understand from the “n” notation is that it represents events happening at the same time, so this would be when A does not occur at all but B does. What would P(A’uB), P(AuB’) be ?? I’m very confused now. | <urn:uuid:3dbdd355-b3d6-4c9d-a087-b849d9f835d5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/probability-notation.8029/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718311.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00379-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970339 | 297 | 3.671875 | 4 |
If you want to develop solar cells or fusion power, if you want to work with radiation therapy or build spacecrafts, if you want to forecast storms or try to catch cosmic particles, if you want to understand the building blocks that make up matter or how the universe started - then you should study physics!
The scientific community is an international society, and physicists often do their research cooperating with colleagues from across the globe. We offer the whole Bachelor's programme in English, and since all of the courses on advanced level are given in English you are free to choose from a wide variety of courses.
As a physicist you will have a broad education and a great range of tools for problem solving, tools which you can apply in almost any situation. These tools include great mathematical and programming skills.
If you are interested in doing research, you have plenty of subjects to specialise in, for example materials science, nanoscience, nuclear or particle physics, biological physics or synchrotron based science, but you can also use your knowledge in other fields like chemistry or economics.
Your expertise will be sought after on the labour market outside academia. Not only your physics knowledge, but also your ability to work analytically and independently, your ability to acquire knowledge and your ability to communicate both in writing and by word are all qualities an employer values.
Course of studies
The Bachelor's programme is completed over the course of three years, and is usually followed up by a two-year Master of Science degree.
In the first semester of the international Bachelor's programme, you will be studying introductory mathematics, where you will learn basic calculus in one variable and basic algebra.
In the second semester you will be introduced to physics and study the basics of mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, nuclear and particle physics and more. In the third semester you will learn more mathematical methods, and you will be introduced to quantum mechanics. The fourth semester is devoted to modern physics, including nuclear and particle physics, quantum mechanics and solid state theory.
The courses join theory with laboratory exercises, giving you a good experience in performing and analysing experiments.
After these two years of basics, you are free to choose from plenty of courses, depending on which parts of physics you find the most interesting, and in which subject you want to specialise.
During the sixth semester you will combine courses running at half-time with your diploma work. You will do this together with one of the university's research teams, in the subject area in which you are the most interested. When your diploma work is finished, you receive the Bachelor's degree and are ready to continue studying at advanced level.
Requirements from your high school degree
We are collecting information on the requirements from high schools in different countries,
to be eligible for our Bachelor's program. If you don't find your country here, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:3feb1720-d04d-4529-b83e-d6b9a69ef452> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | http://www.fysik.lu.se/english/education/start-studying/bachelors-programme/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987803441.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022053647-20191022081147-00052.warc.gz | en | 0.946141 | 584 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows the user to explore and manipulate computer-generated real or artificial three-dimensional multimedia sensory environments in real time to gain practical knowledge that can be used in clinical practice.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of VR for educating health professionals and improving their knowledge, cognitive skills, attitudes, and satisfaction.
Methods: We performed a systematic review of the effectiveness of VR in pre- and postregistration health professions education following the gold standard Cochrane methodology. We searched 7 databases from the year 1990 to August 2017. No language restrictions were applied. We included randomized controlled trials and cluster-randomized trials. We independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias, and then, we compared the information in pairs. We contacted authors of the studies for additional information if necessary. All pooled analyses were based on random-effects models. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach to rate the quality of the body of evidence.
Results: A total of 31 studies (2407 participants) were included. Meta-analysis of 8 studies found that VR slightly improves postintervention knowledge scores when compared with traditional learning (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.44; 95% CI 0.18-0.69; I2=49%; 603 participants; moderate certainty evidence) or other types of digital education such as online or offline digital education (SMD=0.43; 95% CI 0.07-0.79; I2=78%; 608 participants [8 studies]; low certainty evidence). Another meta-analysis of 4 studies found that VR improves health professionals’ cognitive skills when compared with traditional learning (SMD=1.12; 95% CI 0.81-1.43; I2=0%; 235 participants; large effect size; moderate certainty evidence). Two studies compared the effect of VR with other forms of digital education on skills, favoring the VR group (SMD=0.5; 95% CI 0.32-0.69; I2=0%; 467 participants; moderate effect size; low certainty evidence). The findings for attitudes and satisfaction were mixed and inconclusive. None of the studies reported any patient-related outcomes, behavior change, as well as unintended or adverse effects of VR. Overall, the certainty of evidence according to the GRADE criteria ranged from low to moderate. We downgraded our certainty of evidence primarily because of the risk of bias and/or inconsistency.
Conclusions: We found evidence suggesting that VR improves postintervention knowledge and skills outcomes of health professionals when compared with traditional education or other types of digital education such as online or offline digital education. The findings on other outcomes are limited. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of immersive and interactive forms of VR and evaluate other outcomes such as attitude, satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, and clinical practice or behavior change.
Adequately trained health professionals are essential to ensure access to health services and to achieve universal health coverage . In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated a shortage of approximately 17.4 million health professionals worldwide [ ]. The shortage and disproportionate distribution of health workers worldwide can be aggravated by the inadequacy of training programs (in terms of content, organization, and delivery) and experience needed to provide uniform health care services to all [ ]. It has, therefore, become essential to generate strategies focused on scalable, efficient, and high-quality health professions education [ ]. Increasingly, digital technology, with its pervasive use and relentless advancement, is seen as a promising source of effective and efficient health professions education and training systems [ ].
Digital education (also known as eLearning) is the act of teaching and learning by means of digital technologies. It is an overarching term for an evolving multitude of educational approaches, concepts, methods, and technologies . Digital education can include, but is not limited to, online and offline computer-based digital education, massive open online courses, virtual reality (VR), virtual patients, mobile learning, serious gaming and gamification, and psychomotor skills trainers [ ]. A strong evidence base is needed to support effective use of these different digital modalities for health professions education. To this end, as part of an evidence synthesis series for digital health education, we focused on one of the digital education modalities, VR [ ].
VR is a technology that allows the user to explore and manipulate computer-generated real or artificial three-dimensional (3D) multimedia sensory environments in real time. It allows for a first-person active learning experience through different levels of immersion; that is, a perception of the digital world as real and the ability to interact with objects and/or perform a series of actions in this digital world [- ]. VR can be displayed with a variety of tools, including computer or mobile device screens, and VR rooms of head-mounted displays. VR rooms are projector-based immersive 3D visualization systems simulating real or virtual environments in a closed space and involve multiple users at the same time [ ]. Head-mounted displays are placed over the user’s head and provide an immersive 3D environmental experience for learning [ ]. VR can also facilitate diverse forms of health professions education. For example, it is often used for designing 3D anatomical structure models, which can be toggled and zoomed into [ ]. VR also enables the creation of virtual worlds or 3D environments with virtual representations of users, called avatars. Avatars in VR for health professions education can represent patients or health professionals. By enabling simulation, VR is highly conducive to clinical and surgical procedures-focused training.
We found several reviews focusing primarily on the development of technical skills as part of surgical and clinical procedures-focused training, mostly calling for more research on the topic [- ]. However, VR also offers a range of other educational opportunities, such as development of cognitive, nontechnical competencies [ - ]. Our review addresses this gap in the existing literature by investigating the effectiveness of VR for health professions education.
We adhered to the published protocol and followed the Cochrane guidelines [ ]. The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines [ ]. For a detailed description of the methodology, please refer to the study by Car et al [ ].
We included randomized and cluster-randomized controlled trials that compared any VR intervention with any control intervention, for the education of pre- or postregistration health professionals. We included health professionals with qualifications found in the Health Field of Education and Training (091) of the International Standard Classification of Education. VR interventions could be delivered as the only mode of education intervention or blended with traditional learning (ie, blended learning). We included studies on VR for cognitive and nontechnical health professions education, including all VR delivery devices and levels of immersion. We included studies that reported VR as an intervention for healthcare professionals without the participant using any additional physical objects or devices such as probes or handles for psychomotor or technical skill development. We included studies that compared VR or blended learning with traditional learning, other types of digital educations, or another form of VR intervention.
We differentiated the following types of VR: 3D models, virtual patient or virtual health professional (VP or VHP) within VR and surgical simulation. Although we included studies including virtual patients in a VR, studies of virtual patient scenarios outside VR were excluded and are part of a separate review looking at virtual patients alone (simulation) . We excluded studies of students and/or practitioners of traditional, alternative, and complementary medicine. We also excluded studies with cross-over design because of the likelihood of a carry-over effect.
We extracted data on the following primary outcomes:
- Learners’ knowledge postintervention: Knowledge is defined as learners’ factual or conceptual understanding measured using change between pre- and posttest scores.
- Learners’ skills postintervention: Skills are defined as learners’ ability to demonstrate a procedure or technique in an educational setting.
- Learners’ attitudes postintervention toward new competences, clinical practice, or patients (eg, recognition of moral and ethical responsibilities toward patients): Attitude is defined as the tendency to respond positively or negatively toward the intervention.
- Learners’ satisfaction postintervention with the learning intervention (eg, retention rates, dropout rates, and survey satisfaction scores): This can be defined as the level of approval when comparing the perceived performance of digital education with one’s expectations.
- Change in learner’s clinical practice or behavior (eg, reduced antibiotic prescriptions and improved clinical diagnosis): This can be defined as any changes in clinical practice after the intervention which results in improvement of the quality of care as well as the clinical outcomes.
We also extracted data on the following secondary outcomes:
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of the intervention
- Patient-related outcomes (eg, patient mortality, patient morbidity, and medication errors)
Data Sources, Collection, Analysis, and Risk of Bias Assessment
We developed a comprehensive search strategy for MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Wiley), PsycINFO (Ovid), ERIC (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), Web of Science Core Collection, and clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrial.gov and WHO ICTRP). Databases were searched from January 1990 to August 2017. The reason for selecting 1990 as the starting year for our search is that before this year, the use of computers and digital technologies was limited to very basic tasks. There were no language or publication restrictions (see).
The search results from different bibliographic databases were combined in a single Endnote library, and duplicate records were removed. Four authors (BMK, NS, JV, and CKN) independently screened the search results and assessed full-text studies for inclusion. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion between the authors. Study authors were contacted for unclear or missing information.
Five reviewers (BMK, NS, JV, CKN, and UD) independently extracted data using a structured data extraction form. Disagreements between review authors were resolved by discussion. We extracted data on the participants, interventions, comparators, and outcomes. If studies had multiple arms, we compared the most interactive intervention arm with the least interactive control arm.
Two reviewers (BMK and NS) independently assessed the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool [, ], which included the following domains: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, completeness of outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. We also assessed the following additional sources of bias: baseline imbalance and inappropriate administration of an intervention as recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [ ]. Studies were judged at high risk of bias if there was a high risk of bias for 1 or more key domains and at unclear risk of bias if they had an unclear risk of bias for at least 2 domains.
Data Synthesis and Analysis
Studies were grouped by outcome and comparison. Comparators included traditional education, other forms of digital education, and other types of VR. We included postintervention outcome data in our review for the sake of consistency as this was the most commonly reported form of findings in the included studies. For continuous outcomes, we summarized the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and associated 95% CIs across studies. We were unable to identify a clinically meaningful interpretation of SMDs specifically for digital education interventions. Therefore, in line with other evidence syntheses of educational research, we interpreted SMDs using the Cohen rule of thumb: <0.2 no effect, 0.2 to 0.5 small effect size, 0.5 to 0.8 medium effect size, and >0.80 a large effect size [, ]. For dichotomous outcomes, we summarized relative risks and associated 95% CIs across studies. We employed the random-effects model in our meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was employed to evaluate heterogeneity, with I2<25%, 25% to 75%, and >75% to represent a low, moderate, and high degree of inconsistency, respectively. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Library Software, Oxford, UK). Where sufficient data were available, summary SMD and associated 95% CIs were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis [ ].
We prepared Summary of Findings tables to present a summary of the results and a judgment on the quality of the evidence by using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology. We presented the findings that we were unable to pool, because of lack of data or high heterogeneity, in the form of narrative synthesis.
Results of the Search
The searches identified 30,532 unique references; of these, 31 studies (33 reports; 2407 participants) fulfilled the inclusion criteria [, - ] (see ).
Characteristics of Included Studies
All included studies were conducted in high-income countries. Moreover, 21 studies included only preregistration health professionals. A range of VR educational interventions were evaluated, including 3D models, VP or VHP within virtual worlds, and VR surgical stimulations. Control group interventions ranged from traditional learning (eg, lectures and textbooks) to other digital education interventions (online and offline) and other forms of VR (eg, with limited functions, noninteractivity, or nontutored support; see). Although they met the inclusion criteria, some studies did not provide comparable outcome data. Out of the 24 studies assessing knowledge, 1 did not provide any comparable data to estimate the effect of the intervention [ ]. Likewise, 2 out of 12 studies assessing skills [ , ], 4 out of 8 studies assessing attitude [ , , , ], and 8 out of 12 studies assessing satisfaction [ , , , , , , , ] did not provide comparable data.
Risk of Bias
Overall, studies were judged at unclear or high risk of bias (see). Most studies lacked information on randomization, allocation concealment, and participants’ baseline characteristics. Studies were mostly at low risk of bias for blinding of outcome assessment as they provided detailed information on blinding of outcome measures and/or used predetermined assessment tools (multiple choice questions, survey, etc). We judged the studies to be at low risk of detection bias in comparison with traditional education as blinding of participants was impossible because of the use of automated or formalized outcome measurement instruments. However, most of these instruments lacked information on validation. Most studies were judged to be at low risk of attrition and selection bias. Overall, 6 studies were judged at high risk of bias because of reported significant baseline differences in participant characteristics or incomplete outcome data.
A total of 24 studies (1757 participants) [, , - , - , - , , - , - , - ] assessed knowledge as the primary outcome. Of them, 6 studies focused on postregistration health professionals [ , , , , , ] and all others focused on preregistration health professionals.
The effectiveness of VR interventions was compared with traditional learning (via two-dimensional [2D] images, textbooks, and lectures) in 9 studies (659 participants) [, , , , , , , , ] ( ). Overall, studies suggested a slight improvement in knowledge with VR compared with traditional learning (SMD=0.44; 95% CI 0.18-0.69; I2=49%; 603 participants [8 studies]; moderate certainty evidence; see ).
A total of 10 studies (812 participants) compared VR with other forms of digital education (comprising 2D images on a screen, simple videos, or Web-based teaching) [, , , , , , , , , ] (see ). The overall pooled estimate of 8 studies that compared different types of VR (such as computer 3D model and virtual world) with different controls (ie, computer-based 2D learning or online module or video-based learning) reported higher postintervention knowledge scores in the intervention groups over the control groups (SMD=0.43; 95% CI 0.07-0.79; I2=78%; 608 participants; low certainty evidence; see ). Additionally, 4 studies compared 3D models with different levels of interactivity (243 participants) [ , , , ]. Models with higher interactivity were associated with greater improvements in knowledge than those with less interactivity. The overall pooled estimate of the 4 studies reported higher postintervention knowledge score in the intervention groups with higher interactivity compared with the less interactive controls (SMD=0.60; 95% CI 0.05-1.14; I2=66%; moderate effect size; low certainty evidence; see ). A total of 3 studies could not be included in the meta-analysis: 1 study lacked data [ ], whereas the other 2 studies reported a mean change score, favoring the VR group [ ] or other digital education intervention [ ].
|Outcomesa||Illustrative comparative risks (95% CI)||Participants (n)||Studies (n)||Quality of evidence (GRADEb)||Comments|
|Postintervention knowledge scores: measured via MCQsc or quiz. Follow-up: immediate postintervention only||The mean knowledge score in the intervention group was 0.44 SDs higher (0.18 to 0.69 higher) than the mean score in the traditional learning group||603||8||Moderated||1 study reported mean change scores within the group, and hence, the study data were excluded from the pooled analysis|
|Postintervention skill scores: measured via survey and OSCEe. Follow-up duration: immediate postintervention only||The mean skill score in the intervention group was 1.12 SDs higher (0.81 to 1.43 higher) than the mean score in the traditional learning group||235||4||Moderated||3 studies were excluded from the analysis as 1 study reported incomplete outcome data , 1 study assessed mixed outcomes [ ], and 1 study reported self-reported outcome data [ ]|
|Postintervention attitude scores: measured via survey. Follow-up duration: immediate postintervention only||The mean attitudinal score in the intervention group was 0.19 SDs higher (−0.35 lower to 0.73 higher) than the mean score in the traditional learning group||83||2||Moderated||N/Af|
|Postintervention satisfaction scores: measured via survey. Follow-up duration: immediate postintervention only||Not estimable||100||1||Lowd,g||5 studies [, , , , ] reported incomplete outcome data or lacked comparable data. Therefore, these studies were excluded from the analysis.|
aPatient or population: health professionals; settings: universities and hospitals; intervention: virtual reality; comparison: traditional learning (face-to-face lecture, textbooks, etc).
bGRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) Working Group grades of evidence. High quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect; moderate quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate; low quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate; and very low quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate.
cMCQs: multiple choice questions.
dDowngraded by 1 level for study limitations: the risk of bias was unclear or high in most included studies (−1).
eOSCE: objective structured clinical examination.
fN/A: not applicable.
gDowngraded as results were obtained from a single small study (−1).
A total of 12 studies (1011 participants) assessed skills as an outcome [, , , , , , , , , , , ]. Of which, 7 studies compared VR-based interventions with traditional learning (comprising paper- or textbook-based education and didactic lectures; 354 participants) [ , , , , , , ], and the overall pooled estimate of 4 studies showed a large improvement in postintervention cognitive skill scores in the intervention groups compared with the controls (SMD=1.12; 95% CI 0.81-1.43; I2=0%, 235 participants; large effect size; moderate certainty evidence; see and ). Additionally, 3 studies compared the effectiveness of different types of VR on cognitive skills acquisition (190 participants) [ , , ]. We were able to pool the findings from 2 studies favoring more interactive VR (SMD=0.57; 95% CI 0.19-0.94; I2=0%; moderate effect size; low certainty evidence). Two studies compared VR with other forms of digital education on skills, favoring the VR group (SMD=0.5; 95% CI 0.32-0.69; I2=0%; 467 participants; moderate effect size; low certainty evidence; see ). A total of 4 studies could not be included in the meta-analysis: 2 studies reported incomplete outcome data [ , ], 1 study assessed mixed outcomes [ ], and 1 study reported self-reported outcome data [ ].
A total of 8 studies (762 participants) [, , , , , , , ] assessed attitude as an outcome. Of them, 2 studies comparing VR-based interventions with traditional learning (small group teaching and didactic lectures; 83 participants) [ , ] reported no difference between the groups on postintervention attitude scores (SMD=0.19; 95% CI−0.35 to 0.73; I2=0%; moderate certainty evidence; see ). One study compared blended learning with traditional learning (43 participants) [ ] and reported higher postinterventional attitude score (large effect size) toward the intervention (SMD=1.11; 95% CI 0.46-1.75). Additionally, 5 studies (636 participants) [ , , , , ] that compared VR with other digital education interventions reported that most of the studies had incomplete outcome data.
|Outcomesa||Illustrative comparative risks (95% CI)||Participants (n)||Studies (n)||Quality of evidence (GRADEb)||Comments|
|Postintervention knowledge score: measured via MCQsc and questionnaires. Follow-up duration: immediate postintervention to 6 months||The mean knowledge score in the intervention group was 0.43 SDs higher (0.07 to 0.79 higher) than the mean score in the other digital education interventions||608||8||Lowd,e||1 study (32 participants) presented mean change score and favored VR group compared with the control group , and 1 study (172 participants) compared VR with computer-based video (2D) and presented incomplete outcome data [ ]|
|Postintervention skills score: measured via scenario-based skills assessment. Follow-up duration: immediate postintervention only||The mean skill score in the intervention group was 0.5 SDs higher (0.32 to 0.69 higher) than the mean score in the other digital education interventions||467||2||Moderated||N/Af|
|Postintervention attitude: measured via survey and questionnaire. Follow-up duration: immediate postintervention only.||Not estimable||21||1||Lowd,g||4 studies [, , , ] reported incomplete outcome data or lacked comparable data. Therefore, these studies were excluded from the analysis.|
|Postintervention satisfaction: measured via MCQs, survey, and questionnaire. Duration: immediate postintervention only||The mean satisfaction score in the intervention group was 0.2 SDs higher (−0.71 lower to 1.11 higher) than the mean score in the other digital education interventions||218||2||Lowd,e||2 studies [, ] reported incomplete outcome data or lacked comparable data. Therefore, these studies were excluded from the analysis.|
aPatient or population: Health professionals; Settings: Universities and hospitals; Intervention: Virtual reality; Comparison: Other digital education interventions (such as online learning, computer-based video, etc).
bGRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) Working Group grades of evidence. High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect; Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate; Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate; and Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
cMCQs: multiple choice questions.
dDowngraded by 1 level for study limitations (−1): the risk of bias was unclear or high in most included studies.
eDowngraded by 1 level for inconsistency (−1): the heterogeneity between studies is high with large variations in effect and lack of overlap among confidence intervals.
fN/A: not applicable.
gDowngraded as results were obtained from a single small study (−1).
A total of 12 studies (991 participants) [, , , , , , , , , , , ] assessed satisfaction, mostly only for the intervention group. Only 4 studies compared satisfaction in the intervention and control groups and largely reported no difference between the study groups.
Halfer et al (30 participants) assessed the use of VR versus traditional paper floor plans of the hospital to prepare nurses for wayfinding in a new hospital building. A cost analysis showed that a virtual hospital-based approach increased development costs but provided increased value during implementation by reducing staff time needed for practicing wayfinding skills. The paper describes that the real-world paper floor plan approach had a development cost of US $40,000 and the implementation cost was US $530,000, bringing the total cost to US $570,000. In comparison, the virtual world would cost US $220,000 for development and US $201,000 for implementation, bringing the total to US $421,000.
Zaveri et al (32 participants) assessed the effectiveness of a VR module (Second Life, Linden Lab) in teaching preparation and management of sedation procedures, compared with online learning. Development of the module occurred over 2 years of interactions with a software consultant and utilized a US $40,000 grant to create VR scenarios. Cost of the control group (online training) was not presented, and hence, no formal comparison was made.
No information on patient-related outcomes, behavior change, and unintended or adverse effects of VR on the patient or the learner were reported in any of the studies.
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of VR interventions for health professions education. We found evidence showing a small improvement in knowledge and moderate-to-large improvement in skills in learners taking part in VR interventions compared with traditional or other forms of digital learning. Compared with less interactive interventions, more interactive VR interventions seem to moderately improve participants’ knowledge and skills. The findings for attitude and satisfaction outcomes are inconclusive because of incomplete outcome data. None of the included studies reported any patient-related outcomes, behavior change, as well as unintended or adverse effects of the VR on the patients or the learners. Only 2 studies assessed the cost of setup and maintenance of the VR as a secondary outcome without making any formal comparisons.
Overall, the risk of bias for most studies was judged to be unclear (because of a lack of information), with some instances of potentially high risk of attrition, reporting, and other bias identified. The quality of the evidence ranges from low to moderate for knowledge, skills, attitude, and satisfaction outcomes because of the unclear and high risks of bias and inconsistency, that is, heterogeneity in study results as well as in types of participants, interventions, and outcome measurement instruments .
The fact that no included studies were published before 2005 suggests that VR is an emerging educational strategy, attracting increasing levels of interest. The included studies were mainly conducted among doctors, nurses, and students pursuing their medical degree. Limited studies on pharmacists, dentists, and other allied health professionals suggest more research is needed on the use of VR among these groups of health professionals. Additionally, the majority of interventions studied were not part of a regular curriculum and none of the studies mentioned the use of learning theories to design the VR-based intervention or develop clinical competencies. This is an important aspect of designing any curriculum, and hence, applicability of the included studies might only be limited to their current setting and may not be generalizable to other geographic or socioeconomic backgrounds. Furthermore, most studies evaluated participants’ knowledge, and skills assessed may not translate directly into clinical competencies.
Although the included studies encompassed a range of participants and interventions, a lack of consistent methodological approach and studies conducted in any one health care discipline makes it difficult to draw any meaningful conclusions. There is also a distinct lack of data from low- or middle-income countries, which reduces applicability to those contexts that are most in need of innovative educational strategies. In addition, only 2 studies assessed the cost of setup and maintenance of the VR-based intervention, whereas none of the included studies assessed cost-effectiveness. Thus, no conclusions regarding costing and cost-effectiveness can be made at this point either. There was also a lack of information on patient-related outcomes, behavior change, and unintended or adverse effects of VR on the patients as well as the learner, which needs to be addressed.
Majority of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of nonimmersive VR, and there is a need to explore more on the effects of VR with different level of immersion as well as interactivity on the outcomes of interest. In our review, most of the studies assessing attitude and satisfaction outcomes reported incomplete outcome or incomparable outcome data, and there is a need for primary studies focusing on these outcomes. Finally, there is a need to standardize the methods for reporting meaningful and the most accurate data on the outcomes as most of the included studies reported postintervention mean scores rather than change scores on the outcomes, which limits the accuracy of the findings for the reported outcomes.
Strengths and Limitations
Our review provides the most up-to-date evidence on the effectiveness of different types of VR in health professions education. We conducted a comprehensive search across different databases including gray literature sources and followed the Cochrane gold standard methodology while conducting this systematic review. Our review also has several limitations. The included studies largely reported postintervention data, so we could not calculate pre- to postintervention change or ascertain whether the intervention groups were matched at baseline for key characteristics and outcome measure scores. We were also unable to perform the prespecified subgroup analysis because of limited data from the primary studies.
As an emerging and versatile technology, VR has the potential to transform health professions education. Our findings show that when compared with traditional education or other types of digital education, such as online or offline digital education, VR may improve postintervention knowledge and skills. VR with higher interactivity showed more effectiveness compared with less interactive VR for postintervention knowledge and skill outcomes. Further research should evaluate the effectiveness of more immersive and interactive forms of VR in a variety of settings and evaluate outcomes such as attitude, satisfaction, untoward effects of VR, cost-effectiveness, and change in clinical practice or behavior.
This review was conducted in collaboration with the Health Workforce Department at WHO. The authors would also like to thank Mr Carl Gornitzki, Ms GunBrit Knutssön, and Mr Klas Moberg from the University Library, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, for developing the search strategy and the peer reviewers for their comments. The authors would like to thank Associate Professor Josip Car for his valuable inputs throughout the drafting and revision of the review. The authors would like to thank Dr Parvati Dev for her valuable inputs from a content expert point of view. The authors would also like to thank Dr Gloria Law for her inputs on the classification of measurement instruments used to assess outcomes in the included studies. The authors would also like to thank Dr Ram Bajpai for his statistical advice. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore: eLearning for health professionals education grant.
LTC and NZ conceived the idea for the review. BMK, NS, and LTC wrote the review. LTC and PP provided methodological guidance, drafted some of the methodology-related sections, and critically revised the review. JV, PPG, IM, UD, AAK, CKN, and NZ provided comments on and edited the review.
Conflicts of Interest
Multimedia Appendix 1
MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy.PDF File (Adobe PDF File), 45KB
Multimedia Appendix 2
Characteristics of included studies.DOCX File, 44KB
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|GRADE: Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations|
|MCQ: multiple choice question|
|OSCE: objective structured clinical examination|
|SMD: standardized mean difference|
|VHP: virtual health professional|
|VP: virtual patient|
|VR: virtual reality|
|WHO: World Health Organization|
Edited by A Marusic; submitted 29.11.18; peer-reviewed by V Katavic, M Oo; accepted 20.12.18; published 22.01.19Copyright
©Bhone Myint Kyaw, Nakul Saxena, Pawel Posadzki, Jitka Vseteckova, Charoula Konstantia Nikolaou, Pradeep Paul George, Ushashree Divakar, Italo Masiello, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Nabil Zary, Lorainne Tudor Car. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 22.01.2019.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. | <urn:uuid:cb018353-ec3d-4ec2-977a-abf62cda228a> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.jmir.org/2019/1/e12959/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648911.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603000901-20230603030901-00215.warc.gz | en | 0.889411 | 10,802 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What is Pepsi’s connection to the Tar Heel State?
Strengthening Our Education
Pepsi’s story isn’t the only one that began in the Carolinas. This is also where Pepsi’s creator, pharmacist Caleb Bradham, grew up.
Bradham was born in Chinquapin, NC, in 1867. He spent his childhood in Duplin County, leaving home to start college at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1886. (North Carolina History Project)
He left the state for a short stint in medical school, and then graduated from pharmacy school in Maryland. But he was destined to return.
Armed with a degree, he established Bradham’s Pharmacy in New Bern, complete with a jukebox and soda fountain. In this community-friendly space, Bradham cultivated his passion for medication as well as beverage creation. It was here that he invented Brad’s Drink — and what would become Pepsi-Cola. (North Carolina Miscellany)
His aim was to craft and share a drink that could aid digestion. That concept is actually the inspiration behind the brand name — "pepsi" in Greek describes the dissolving of food in the stomach. Bradham mixed sugar, water, caramel, lemon oil, kola nuts and nutmeg with other additives to create his product.
Pepsi-Cola officially got its name in 1903, and the company grew from there. Bradham kept his connection to UNC through it all, sponsoring the Bradham Prize for scholarship at the School of Pharmacy until 1930.
Today, his legacy lives on through the globally recognized Pepsi brand. But his legacy also stays strong at his alma mater in Chapel Hill, where the NC Collection Gallery in UNC’s Wilson Library features Pepsi-related artifacts. (North Carolina Miscellany) | <urn:uuid:155849e4-f6b4-4e09-ac2b-680b3cfbe233> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.pepsicares.com/blog/bradham | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488253106.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210620175043-20210620205043-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975955 | 386 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Welcome to an introduction to Python and Programming. My goal with this series is to do things a bit different than you usually see with programming tutorials. The problem with most basics tutorials is they just cover the syntax of a language and use a toy example per new concept, repeating this through up to 100s of things like statements, methods and other paradigms of programming.
For one, this is boring. Two, this isn't how anyone I have ever met actually learns to program, it's certainly not the way I did it, and my goal with this website and youtube channel has always been to produce content in the way that I wish I had been taught. With my current basics series, I typically tell people to follow the basics until part 13 (it's a 70 part series), but even to part 13 isn't quite how I think one should learn to program or Python.
If you find this series too fast-paced, as some have, you can view the older one, which moves much slower and is more basic original Python 3 basics tutorial. Save/bookmark it if you want, or you can just come back here if you're feeling overwhelmed with this series.
The way you will actually learn to program with a language like Python is the culmination of 3 things:
So, here's the deal. If you're looking for some sort of, step by step, reference guide to the language, look no further than the official Python 3 tutorial. All other Python 3 tutorials that I have ever seen are just versions of that, including the old ones I have done. This is why I don't see much point in doing that again. If you already know a programming language well, then you should be just fine going through the official docs. If you're new to programming or you still want to follow along for whatever reason, let's do it!
Python is a general-purpose programming language, built on top of C. What can you do with Python? Just about anything, and most things quite easily. Topics like data analysis, machine learning, web development, desktop applications, robotics, and more are all things that you can immediately begin doing with Python without much effort. Personally, I've used Python to create various websites, including this one! I've used Python to train an AI to play Grand Theft Auto 5, to help companies detect diseases, to help detect fraud and abuse against servers, to create games, to trade stocks, and I've built and helped to build multiple businesses with Python. Python and programming is life-changing, and it's my honor to share it with you!
While raw Python is single-threaded and slow, Python in practice is actually quite fast, far faster than any code most of the people telling you that Python is slow could write on their best day. That said, if you were seeking out the absolute quickest execution time, you would still likely be going with C variant, no question about that. The beauty of Python is in just how quickly and easily you can create things. Most of us aren't writing operating systems, not because we're too stupid, but because we don't need millions of operating systems. We do need millions of apps in this world, however.
Python has a robust and ever-growing community of people who build what are called "packages," "libraries," "wrappers", "frameworks," or any of the other names people might give them. Where speed counts, the heavy-lifting of these packages is done in C/C++, but you interface with them in Python. So when you're doing data analysis with Python, you get the ease and speed of development that we know and love with Python, but the number crunching, under the hood, is happening in C/C++.
Alright, let's make some stuff. Your operating system is not important. I will be using Windows, because that's what works best with my recording and editing software. You can use whatever OS you like!
To get Python, you can either grab something like ActivePython, which is a pre-compiled distribution of Python, which comes with most of the packages you will need right away, or vanilla Python 3+, downloaded from Python.org. The difference between precompiled versions of Python and regular "vanilla" Python is usually just some speed differences and the fact that you wont have to download many, if any, other libraries to use Python. ActivePython is just a quicker/simpler way to dive in to programming with Python.
I will be doing this series in Python 3.7. You should be able to follow along in future versions of Python 3 as well. If you're having trouble, just ask! Either post a comment on the related YouTube video, or join our Python Discord. If you're on a 32-bit machine, go to downloads, and download Python 3. If you're on a 64-bit machine, make sure you get 64-bit Python. You want 64 bit Python so you don't have a 2gb memory limit. At the moment, the path to get 64-bit Python on Windows, for example, is to hover downloads, choose "All releases," scroll down, choose the latest Python version, click on the version # part, scroll all the way down to the bottom, and choose the 64-bit version that matches your operating system. For me, I am going with Windows x86-64 executable installer.
Now, run this. You can either "install now" or customize the installation. I prefer to customize the install path to a simpler-than-default path. So I am going to choose the custom install, after checking the box for
Add Python 3.7 to PATH. Hit next, I am going with all of the defaults except for the installation path. I am going to go with
C:/Python37 instead. Nice and short. I have multiple versions of Python on my system. As you continue with Python, you probably will too. it's nice to be able to quickly reference one or the other. With that, install it!
Next, you're going to need an editor. Which editor isn't really all that important, just find one you like. You could write your Python in notepad or a Word document if you wanted. I wouldn't suggest it, but you could.
Everyone is going to tell you that their editor is the best for whatever reasons. It just doesn't matter all that much. I personally prefer simpler editors. I used IDLE, the editor that comes with Python for about 5 years, and still often use that to this day. I like simple editors *because* they don't do things for me. As time has gone on, I've moved more towards Sublime-Text, which is what I am using for this series. Probably the most popular editor is PyCharm at the moment. For a full list, check out all of the Python Editors. There are quite a few! Because there are so many editors, I do not wish to spend much time on setting them up. I suspect, however, a large portion of people will want to use sublime-text since that's what I am using here. My setup of Sublime-text is super basic, so that wont take long!
Once you've installed sublime, you can right-click a file and open in sublime, or just open sublime-text, start typing, and file > save as. To run a file in sublime, you can press
ctrl+b. It will ask you the first time here how you want to run, choose Python. Simple as that. You can also run python from the terminal/command line. More on that later too.
For now, you can write the following in sublime-text:
print() is a built-in function (more on these later too) that outputs whatever you pass to the console. You can pass something as simple as a string here. A string is a type of object that is between quotes and generally is used to represent actual written text. This might be words, password hashes, names of people...etc. So let's print a string:
ctrl+b to run it and you should see "Hello Universe" is output in the console. In sublime, this is at the bottom of the window.
Alright, so we've made our very first Python program, and it works! Woo! In the next tutorial, we're going to see one more basic example of the simplicity of Python before we dive in to our overarching project for this series. | <urn:uuid:ce943406-ce25-4413-bef2-8b2b20e7f416> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://pythonprogramming.net/introduction-learn-python-3-tutorials/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038072082.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413031741-20210413061741-00444.warc.gz | en | 0.959231 | 1,752 | 3.078125 | 3 |
If you have diabetes, your doctors most likely have told you to keep your blood sugar under control through diet, exercise, and proper medication. But did you know that you also need a dilated eye exam at least once a year? A dilated eye exam is when an eye care professional dilates, or widens, the pupil to check the retina in the back of the eye for signs of damage. All people with diabetes, type 1 and 2, are at risk for vision loss, but certain groups are at higher risk: African Americans, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Hispanics/Latinos.
The longer a person has diabetes, the greater the risk of diabetic eye disease, which includes the following:
• Cataract (Clouding of the lens of the eye)
• Diabetic Retinopathy (Damage to the retina)
• Glaucoma (Damage to the optic nerve)
In November, when National Diabetes Month is observed in the United States, the National Eye Health Education Program (NEHEP) of the National Eye Institute (NEI) recommends that all people who have diabetes reduce the risk of vision loss from the disease by having a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year.
“Half of all people with diabetes don’t get annual dilated eye exams. People need to know that about 95 percent of severe vision loss from diabetic retinopathy can be prevented through early detection, timely treatment, and appropriate follow-up,” said Dr. Suber Huang, chair of the Diabetic Eye Disease Subcommittee for NEHEP.
“Diabetic eye disease often has no early warning signs but can be detected early and treated before vision loss occurs,” said Paul A. Sieving, M.D., Ph.D., director of NEI. “Don’t wait until you notice an eye problem to have a dilated eye exam, because vision that is lost often cannot be restored.”
In fact, diabetic retinopathy, the most common form of diabetic eye disease, is the leading cause of blindness in American adults ages 20–74. According to NEI, 7.7 million people ages 40 and older have diabetic retinopathy, and this number will likely increase to approximately 11 million people by 2030.
If you have diabetes, get a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year. NEHEP also recommends you keep your health on track by—
• Taking your medications.
• Reaching and maintaining a healthy weight.
• Adding physical activity to your day.
• Controlling your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
• Kicking the smoking habit.
These steps will help you keep your diabetes under control and help protect against diabetic eye disease.
For more information on diabetic eye disease, financial assistance for eye care, and how you can maintain healthy vision, visit www.nei.nih.gov/diabetes or call NEI at 301–496–5248.
The National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), leads the federal government’s research on the visual system and eye diseases. NEI supports basic and clinical science programs that result in the development of sight-saving treatments. For more information, visit www.nei.nih.gov.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the Nation’s medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.Tags: diabetes, diabetic eye disease, diabetic retinopathy, National Eye Health Education Program, NIH, November | <urn:uuid:774ee070-2cc2-448f-b138-95db9f87584d> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | http://whatislowvision.org/2013/11/15/set-your-sight-on-healthy-vision-if-you-have-diabetes-national-eye-health-education-program-special-collaboration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587711.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20211025123123-20211025153123-00194.warc.gz | en | 0.939623 | 805 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The invention of bitcoin kicked off the phenomenon of cryptocurrency. Many other virtual currencies have emerged in the market since. As cryptocurrency continues to become more popular, more businesses are starting to accept it as a real form of currency and are thinking through the different ways that digital currency will potentially affect their business now and in the future.
Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are increasingly relevant because they are revolutionizing monetary transactions across the globe. Bitcoin is permissionless and irreversible, so many people see virtual currency as an attack on the traditional control of financial institutions.
Cryptocurrency is unique from traditional currency because it is an open system with no gatekeeper. This means that anyone can participate. Cryptocurrency will likely continue to grow in importance to the modern economy in the future. It’s also likely to have profound implications on the way that people spend money and run businesses.
Many people still find themselves stumped by the complexities of virtual currency. To understand where cryptocurrency is headed, it’s important to understand exactly how it works. Fundera created a guide that outlines the fundamentals of cryptocurrencies and explains the essentials of how the system works. Read on to learn everything that you need to know about cryptocurrency. | <urn:uuid:415206e9-4e88-4a45-8bd9-858b1b2bdc07> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.stuart-hall.com/2018/02/16/7938/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053717.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916174455-20210916204455-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.953601 | 243 | 2.65625 | 3 |
(Medical Xpress)—One way to increase our understanding of bilateral brains, like our own, is to inspect their paired sensory systems. In our visual system, the optic nerves normally combine at a place called the optic chiasm. Here half the fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite hemisphere. When this natural partition fails to develop normally, the system compensates in different ways. In people with albinism, for example, almost all of the fibers fully cross at the chiasm. As a result, images are combined in the brain in such a way that full depth of vision is limited. Their eyes also may move slightly independent of each other, or dart back and forth in a condition known as nystagmus. When the opposite situation occurs, that in which the optic nerves do not cross at all during their development, it is called congenital achiasma. An individual with this rare condition was recently studied with different forms MRI. The results, reported in the journal Neuropsychologia, show that achiasma can occur as an isolated defect, lacking any structural abnormalities in other pathways that cross the midline. The study also demonstrated that the part of the cortex that first receives the visual input, the primary visual cortex, does not rely on information from the opposite side to perform its immediate functions.
When input to the two halves of the brain is parsed according to the eye rather than to the visual field, binocularity is typically affected in some way or another. The eyes may have a slightly crossed configuration, and nystagmus occurs more readily as the visual system updates. The subject of the present study, henceforth known as GB, additionally displayed an eye effect known as seesaw nystagmus. In this type of nystagmus, the eyes alternately move up and down, out of phase with each other. When initial MRI scans failed to show an optic chiasm in patient GB, researchers subsequently verified that it was completely absent by tracing the nerves with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The subject was also given a series of tests during a functional MRI scan (fMRI) in order to see how the visual field mapped to his cortex.
By dividing the visual field into four quadrants, and presenting a stimulus to each in turn, the researchers confirmed their suspicions that each hemisphere was mapping the whole visual field. To the level of detail available from the MRI scans, both halves of the visual field, the nasal and temporal retinal maps, were found to overlap completely. The researchers also showed that in the primary visual cortex, monocular stimulation activated only the ipsilateral (same side) cortex. Higher cortical areas, such as the V5 motion-associated area, and the fusiform face region, could be activated binocularly.
The MRI scans further showed that the all parts of the corpus callosum, including those that connect the visual cortex, were intact and of normal size. It appears that at the level of V5 and above, the callosum contributes significantly to binocular integration. In a normal brain, with a normal chiasma, callosal projections connecting the primary visual cortex might also contribute to the seamless integration of the visual scene across the midline. For rapidly moving objects however, it is unclear how the signal delays introduced by the comparatively long fibers that cross the hemisphere would be handled. Alternatively, these projections may be more involved with attention, or with more complex effects like binocular rivalry.
It is still not entirely known why the chiasma occasionally fails to develop. The condition can be genetic, but probably also involves factors like conditions inside the womb. Animal models have demonstrated the effects of various extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules on chiasma development. Specifically, axon guidance has been shown to be regulated by the expression of molecules such as NR-CAM, neurofascin, and Vax-1. While a deficiency in any one of these molecules can have effects on the chiasma, any effects must be considered in context of a much larger puzzle. Vax-1, for example, can cause complete absence of the chiasma, but it is also accompanied by various other midline anomalies. These include problems with the development of the callosum, something not seen here with patient GB.
The source of binocular activation of motion and object-specific areas in GB is also a point of interest. There are many channels through which this activation could occur, including indirect projections from subcortical regions involved in visual processing. Further study of patients like GB, together with more detailed genetic information about them, will help us understand how the visual system develops, and how the visual world integrates within a bilateral mind. Once we can do that, perhaps then we will be able to explain other unique cases, like for example, the woman who sees everything upside down.
More information: Functional organisation of visual pathways in a patient with no optic chiasm, Neuropsychologia, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.014
Congenital achiasma offers a rare opportunity to study reorganization and inter-hemispheric communication in the face of anomalous inputs to striate cortex. We report neuroimaging studies of a patient with seesaw nystagmus, achiasma, and full visual fields. The subject underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies, and functional MRI (fMRI) using monocular stimulation with checkerboards, motion, objects and faces, as well as a retinotopic quadrantic mapping. Structural MRI confirmed the absence of an optic chiasm, which was corroborated by DTI tractography. Lack of a functioning decussation was confirmed by fMRI that showed activation of only ipsilateral medial occipital cortex by monocular stimulation. The corpus callosum was normal in size and anterior and posterior commissures were identifiable. In terms of the hierarchy of visual areas, V5 was the lowest level region in the hierarchy to be activated binocularly, as were regions in the fusiform gyri responding to faces and objects. The retinotopic organization of striate cortex was studied with quadrantic stimulation. This showed that, in support of recent findings, rather than projecting to an ectopic location contiguous with the normal retinotopic map of the ipsilateral temporal hemi-retina, the nasal hemi-retina's representation overlapped that of the temporal hemi-retina. These findings show that congenital achiasma can be an isolated midline crossing defect, that information transfer does not occur in early occipital cortex but at intermediate and higher levels of the visual hierarchy, and that the functional reorganisation of striate cortex in this condition is consistent with normal axon guidance by a chemoaffinity gradient. | <urn:uuid:d47b4f1e-c546-4bc2-8364-416143d13172> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-congenitally-absent-optic-chiasm-visual.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123048.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00350-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944793 | 1,421 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Geometry- a tool for the carpenter
Geometry for the woodworker and the carpenter.
I use math nearly every day in my finish carpentry business.
In woodworking and cabinetry it's essential.
Along with all my other tools, I carry "cheat sheets" with various formulas with me. they are as important as any.
Any kind of carpentry work involves geometry
– it’s all about angles and levels and circles with their radii and diameters.
It's a HUGE advantage to be able to figure a diagonal measurement when doing layout work for a foundation, and it usually impresses other tradesmen if you have an accurate answer ready for a problem they can't solve by trial and error.
Geometry is extremely handy and I thought others would like to refresh some basic geometry skills also.
The images are from a Dover publication called the The cabinet-makers assistant originally published in 1853.
Problem 1 - At a given point on a straight line draw a line perpendicular to it.
Draw a line AB. Point C is equal distance from both ends. From C scribe an arc whose radius is greater than CA. Using the same radius scribe an arc from B in the same manner. Draw a straight line from c through the point of the intersection of the arcs.
Problem 2 - From a given point let fall a straight line perpendicular upon a given line.
Let C be the given point and AB the given straight line.With C as center scribe an arc of any radius that will cut line AB at D and E. From D and E as centers and with a radius greater than half of DE scribe two arcs that intersect at F. Draw the perpendicular line DF.
Problem 3 - From the extremity of a straight line draw a perpendicular line to it.
Let the straight line be AB and the extremity point be B.
From any point C scribe an arc that is greater than a semicircle that will intersect the line at D and B. Through D and C draw a straight line to intersect the arc at E. Join E and B with a straight line.
Problem 4- Bisect(divide into 2 equal parts)a given angle.
The given angle is ABC. From vertec B, with any radius BD scribe an arc DE to intersect the outsides of the given angle. From D and E as centers and with a radius greater than half of DE scribe two arcs to intersect at F. A straight line drawn from B through F will bisect the given angle.
This problem may also be solved by rectilineal contruction using a ruler;
BAC is the given angle. On side AB make two points D and E. On side AC make AF equal to AD and Make AG equal to AE. Joine DG and EF with straight lines. They intersect at H. A straight line drawn from A through H will bisect the given angle.
Problem 5 - Divide a right angle into 3 equal parts.
ABC is to be the right angle. From vertex B scribe an arc with any radius to intersect the right angle sides at D and G forming arc DG. Using the same radius scribe an arc from D intersecting DG at F and from G an arc intersecting at E. Straight lines from B throught E anf F will trisect the angle ABC.
Problem 6 -Construct an equilateral tringle on a given straight line.
AB is the given base line. From the ends of the line and using points A and B as centers scribe an arc using AB as the radius scribe arcs intersecting at C. Straight lines from A to A and B to C will form an equilateral triangle.
Problem 7 - Construct an isosceles triangle from a given base line.
AB is the given base line and MN is to be equal to the other two sides of the triangle. Using MN as the radius scribe arcs from points A and B to intersect at C. Draw lines from A and B to C.
Problem 8 - Divide a board into equal rips.
Let the board be ABCD and the parallel sides be AB and CD,and whose width is 9".
DIvide it into 7 rips. Lay a rule diagonally acros the board.
7 inches will not extend across the board but if half of 7, or 3 1/2 is as added, then 10 1/2 wiil extend diagonally. This dimension can be dived into 1 1/2" along EF and then along HG.
Lines drawn through these marks will be equidistand and parallel.
Problem 9 - Through a given point draw a line parallel to a given line AB.
From point C, the given point at a required distance fron AB, draw a line meeting AB at a point D.
From D, with the radius DC, scribe an arc meeting AB at E.
From C as the center with the same radius Scribe an arc DF.
At d scribe an arc to F with the radius of CE,
Through C anf F draw a straight line that is parallel to AB.
Problem 10 - Draw a line parallel to AB with a given point C at the required distance to AB by rectilineal construction.
From C draw a straight line to intersect AB at any point D and extend it until DE equals DC.
From E draw a straight line to intersect AB to F and extend this line to G until FG equals EF.
Through C and G draw a line that will be parallel to AB.
Problem 11 - Divide a line into any number of equal parts.
BC is the given line and divide it into 5 equal parts.
From the extremity of B, draw a line BA, forming any acute angle with BC. On BA measure 5 equal parts from B to A. Connect AC with a straight line.
From each of the other points on BA draw parallel lines to BC. This will divide BC into equal parts.
Problem 12 - Creating a regular hexagon with a ruler and compass
Problem 13 - Construction of a regular pentagon with a ruler and compass
From Geometry to Woodworking tips
From Geometry to American Architecture | <urn:uuid:2051a61b-9ff9-46af-bdbc-a4e9e60e2cd0> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.fine-woodworking-for-your-home.com/Geometry.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475897.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302184020-20240302214020-00307.warc.gz | en | 0.90704 | 1,291 | 4.0625 | 4 |
This is a rather good read for anyone interested in reproducible research (i.e., everyone who tries to become a researcher as a career)
Why reproducible research
- reproducible research helps researchers remember how and why they performed specific analyses during the course of a project.
- reproducible research enables researchers to quickly and simply modify analyses and figures.
- reproducible research enables quick reconfiguration of previously conducted research.
- conducting reproducible research is a strong indicator to fellow researchers of rigor, trustworthiness, and transparency in scientific research.
- reproducible research increases paper citation rates (Piwowar et al. 2007, McKiernan et al. 2016) and allows other researchers to cite code and data in addition to publications.
A three-step framework for conducting reproducible research
Before data analysis: data storage and organization
- data should be backed up at every stage of the research process and stored in multiple locations.
- Digital data files should be stored in useful, flexible, portable, nonproprietary formats.
- It is often useful to transform data into a “tidy” format (Wickham 2014) when cleaning up and standardizing raw data.
- Metadata explaining what was done to clean up the data and what each of the variables means should be stored along with the data.
- Finally, researchers should organize files in a sensible, user-friendly structure and make sure that all files have informative names.
- Throughout the research process, from data acquisition to publication, version control can be used to record a project’s history and provide a log of changes that have occurred over the life of a project or research group.
During analysis: best coding practices
- When possible, all data wrangling and analysis should be performed using coding scripts—as opposed to using interactive or point-and-click tools—so that every step is documented and repeatable by yourself and others.
- Analytical code should be thoroughly annotated with comments.
- Following a clean, consistent coding style makes code easier to read.
- There are several ways to prevent coding mistakes and make code easier to use.
- First, researchers should automate repetitive tasks.
- Similarly, researchers can use loops to make code more efficient by performing the same task on multiple values or objects in series
- A third way to reduce mistakes is to reduce the number of hard-coded values that must be changed to replicate analyses on an updated or new data set.
- create a software container, such as a Docker (Merkel 2014) or Singularity (Kurtzer et al. 2017) image (Table 1) for ensuring that analyses can be used in the future
After data analysis: finalizing results and sharing
- produce tables and figures directly from code than to manipulate these using Adobe Illustrator, Microsoft PowerPoint, or other image editing programs. (comment: for example, can use csvsimple package in latex)
- make data wrangling, analysis, and creation of figures, tables, and manuscripts a “one-button” process using GNU Make (https://www.gnu.org/software/make/).
- To increase access to publications, authors can post preprints of final (but preacceptance) versions of manuscripts on a preprint server, or postprints of manuscripts on postprint servers.
- Data archiving in online general purpose repositories such as Dryad, Zenodo, and Figshare | <urn:uuid:9be03745-228b-4a8d-afe3-44aec3da3045> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://outliip.org/2022/10/31/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500035.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202165041-20230202195041-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.844656 | 717 | 3.34375 | 3 |
12-Year-Old Health Expert Shares Importance of H2O
By Kai Nunziato-Cruz
My name is Kai; I’m 12 years old and I am fascinated with food and nutrition! Last year I published a book called, “Digest This Now for Kids!” to teach kids and parents how to get healthy and stay healthy through good nutrition. I get asked to write articles for magazines and online blogs all the time to give kids (and even adults) tips on how to be healthier. So, if you’re ready to get healthy and stay healthy this article is for you!
First of all, did you know your body is 80% water? You have about 10 to 13 gallons of water in your body. Crazy right? Your body needs water to nourish its cells and flush out toxins.
Water makes up by volume 95% of your eyes, 90% of your blood, 86% of your lungs, 83% of your brain and kidneys, 75% of your muscles and heart and 22% of your bones – that’s right, there is even water in your bones. The body loses water each day in 3 main ways, through sweat, breath and pee. Every day you are losing water and if you aren’t drinking water you are most likely extremely dehydrated. Dehydration means your body does not have as much water and fluids as it should. Even if you are going poop once per day you are probably suffering from dehydration. Most of us think our thirst “dehydration” signal means that we are hungry; we end up eating food instead of drinking water.
Symptoms of dehydration include weight gain because it slows down your metabolism, brain fog, sluggishness, headaches, joint pain, and water retention because your body will actually hold on to water and make you feel bloated if you’re not drinking enough of it. Your body will also retain water to help you dilute the bad food and drinks you are eating and drinking.
A Great Plan for Drinking More Water
- Get a water bottle you can take with you anywhere.
- If you are not drinking any water at all begin with 16 ounces each day, 8 ounces before 12 noon / 8 ounces after 12 noon. Do this for 1 – 2 weeks (once it feels easy) then…
- Bump up to 24 ounces each day, 12 ounces before 12 noon / 12 ounces after 12 noon. Do this for 1 – 2 weeks (once it feels easy) then…
- Bump up to 32 ounces each day, 16 ounces before 12 noon / 16 ounces after 12 noon.
- Keep doing this until you reach your goal.
If you don’t learn anything else from me, please learn how important it is to drink water every day!
Here’s to increasing your water intake!
ABOUT KAI NUNZIATO-CRUZ:
Kai Nunziato-Cruz is a 12-year-old nutrition expert from Arizona. As the son of Liz Cruz M.D., a board-certified Gastroenterologist, and Tina Nunziato, a Certified Holistic Nutrition Consultant, Kai has watched his Moms for years help adults get well and stay well with their books, podcast, online home study program and more and felt it was his mission to take those same teachings to kids.
For More Information Visit: | <urn:uuid:191f2dbd-2032-4444-a8d0-a8ae23afcc03> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://thebabyspot.ca/12-year-old-health-expert-shares-importance-of-h2o/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057882.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926144658-20210926174658-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.949196 | 707 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Does Bolivia have branches of government?
The president possesses the executive authority. The president is elected by popular vote to a five year term. The supreme court exercises legal power and upholds the constitution. Supreme court judges are appointed to 10 year terms through popular vote.
What kind of government did Bolivia have after independence?
Political system and history
It has a presidential system of government with an executive headed by Evo Morales, first President o indigenous origins.
What is Bolivia famous for?
Among so much more, Bolivia is known for its astonishing sights such as the Uyuni Salt Flats and Lake Titicaca, its quaint historic towns like Sucre and Potosí, and its impressive ethnic and linguistic diversity.
How safe is Bolivia?
OVERALL RISK : MEDIUM
Bolivia is somewhat safe to visit, though it has many dangers. You should be aware that tourist hotspots, restaurants, shops and public transportation are places where most thefts and pickpocketing occur, and that violent crime exists on the streets, too.
When did the economy in Bolivia start to get better?
The Bolivian economy grew rapidly between 1960 and 1977. According to one study, “persistent deficits and a fixed exchange rate policy during the 1970s led to a debt crisis that began in 1977.
Is Bolivia rich or poor?
Bolivia is the poorest country in South America. Although classified as middle income, it is at the very low end of the scale. Since 2006, the Government of Bolivia has introduced economic and social reforms designed to meet the basic needs of the poorest people.
Are Bolivians white?
European Bolivians are a minority ethnic group in Bolivia, accounting for 5% of the country’s population. An additional 68% of the population is mestizo, having mixed European and indigenous ancestry.
Are Bolivians Hispanic?
Bolivian Americans are usually those of Indigenous, Mestizo, or European (mostly Spanish or German) background. Additionally, a much smaller number of Bolivian Americans may have Okinawan or Afro-Bolivian heritage. | <urn:uuid:d3918c56-cc2f-4cdf-a53b-ffefb4d00631> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://cityofparamaribo.com/sightseeing/question-is-bolivia-a-democracy-or-a-republic.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588282.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20211028065732-20211028095732-00325.warc.gz | en | 0.947422 | 484 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Gillian Fraser, University of Cambridge
Ben Valsler met up with Gillian Fraser, from the department of Pathology at Cambridge University, to explore the bacteria in kitchens and in toilets.
Ben - For Kitchen Science this week, we decided to do something a little different, so really it’s not kitchen science as much as it is kitchen and toilet science. I’m afraid this is one that you can’t do at home, but what we’ve decided to do is see if there’s any truth in the story that there are more bacteria on your kitchen work surface than there are on your toilet seat. I met up with Cambridge University bacteriologist Gillian Fraser to see how we could test this out.
Gillian - So when we met a few days ago in a rather nice toilet, what we planned to do was to take some samples from the toilet seat. We were then going to inoculate these samples onto some growth media that would allow us to grow the bacteria that were present on the toilet seat.
Ben - So we took two swabs, which are rather like a long cotton wool bud, and we’ve rubbed on over a toilet seat and one over a kitchen work surface. And then by inoculating you mean to rub the swab over some agar in a little dish and see what grows on it?
Gillian - Yes, so some of the bacteria picked up on the swabs would definitely be able to grow on this media, as you can see if we look at the plates we’ve got lots of individual bacterial colonies growing.
Ben - So what exactly are bacteria?
Gillian - Well bacteria are single celled organisms and they’re in our environment everywhere, they’re pretty ubiquitous. Many bacteria are found on plants, animals and of course, you and me.
Ben - I’ve heard that actually there are more bacterial cells inside me than there are human cells; how does that happen, why am I not ill?
Gillian - that’s true, we actually carry many bacteria on our skin surfaces, also in our guts there are a huge number of bacteria. These bacteria live together with us as commensals; under normal circumstances they don’t cause us any damage. In fact they’re very good for us and can actually protect us from bacteria that cause disease. So by colonising our surfaces, they can prevent the bad bacteria from being able to stick to those surfaces and grow.
The bacteria that cause disease are actually quite similar in many respects to the good bacteria. However these bad bacteria have acquired traits that enable them to damage the cells in our body, to for example release nutrients from our cells that can help the disease causing bacteria to grow. So for example, they might produce a toxin that lyses (bursts) the cells in our bodies.
Ben - So the good bacteria have evolved to get the nutrients they need through working with us, but the bad bacteria get the nutrients they need by taking advantage of our cells, breaking them up and taking what we have?
Gillian - That’s exactly right. Another difference is that our body normally will not raise an immune response, will not try to kill off, the good bacteria normally associated with us. But when a new bacterium, a pathogenic or disease causing bacterium comes along, the body will try and clear it by generating antibodies, and suchlike. This immune response is also a way that damage is indirectly caused during a bacterial infection.
Ben - So do antibiotics kill off all bacteria regardless of whether they’re good or bad?
Gillian - Well some antibiotics have quite a specific target range of bacteria that they will kill, but other antibiotics, broad spectrum antibiotics, can kill off a wide range of different bacteria. These can include the good bacteria. In the news recently you might have seen there’s an increasing problem with an organism called Clostridium difficile also known as C. diff, which can gain a foothold in your gut after prolonged antibiotic treatment has killed off your normal gut bacteria.
Ben - Which of course is very dangerous for people who are, for example, elderly, frail or suffering with another illness.
Gillian - That’s right, but that’s not the only problem with prolonged and widespread antibiotic use. We also see that pathogenic bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics, and this of course is a huge problem, everybody’s heard about Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Ben - MRSA?
Gillian - That’s right. A big problem now in hospitals.
Ben - So the plates that we have here, one from our kitchen and one from our toilet seat. I can see from here that one of them clearly has a lot more speckled patches on it than the other one, which looks fairly clean really. Which one is which?
Gillian - So the one with lots of bacterial colonies on it came from, not surprisingly, the toilet seat. It looks like there’s roughly about 5 times as many bacterial colonies have grown up on this plate compared to the plate where we inoculated the sample from the kitchen.
Ben - Can we look a bit further into this and see what sorts of bacteria we’re getting?
Gillian - I was able to take some of the individual colonies from these plates and sub-culture them, which means to plate them out again onto different types of growth media which can select for the bacteria that would normally survive within your gastrointestinal tract, in your intestines. Both of them have an important ingredient, bile salts, which would normally kill most bacteria except things like E. coli, which is normally found in your gut, and also pathogens like salmonella and shigella.
Ben - The plate you’ve used for the original cultures is just a pale yellow colour, I think most people will have seen an agar plate that looks like that. One is almost a tobacco stain dark orange, whereas the other one is quite a rich green. Are these colours here to tell us anything or is that just the colour they are?
Gillian - No, they actually tell us something. The thing that gives the plates the different colours are pH indicators. We put pH indicators in to tell whether the bacteria can use certain sugars that are in the plates as foods, because this can allow us to differentiate, to tell apart, different kinds of bacteria. So E. coli would give you lovely dark red colonies, whereas salmonella would give you pale yellow to orange colonies.
As you can see from our loo seat sample, colonies have grown on our selective agar, so we know that probably we’ve got some enteric bacteria in here (bacteria which can survive inside your intestines). We also know by looking at what colour the pH indicators have gone (so what colour the colonies are) that these bacteria don’t ferment lactose. We know they’re not E. coli, they’re not enterococci or enterobacter, which are normally found in your gut. They could be something like salmonella or shigella, which can both give you diarrhoea.
Ben - So there you go, in our test we found many more bacteria on a toilet seat than we did on a kitchen work surface, and even some indication that the bacteria that were there could survive inside your intestines.
Kitchen science will be back to normal next week with an experiment you can try out at home. Until then though, my thanks to Gillian Fraser and goodbye from me. | <urn:uuid:ed1c750e-b4ba-4172-8d88-f96819b5c7ed> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/content/interviews/interview/707/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802776996.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075256-00037-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956498 | 1,585 | 3.328125 | 3 |
“There is one universal truth, applicable to all countries, cultures and communities: violence against women is never acceptable, never excusable, never tolerable.”
United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-Moon (2008)
“I love you, that’s why I beat you”. It’s with these words that the violent spouse of the poem “A Beating for Love”, by Mariska Araba Taylor-Darko, justifies the bruises on his partner’s body and mind. As it happens to many of the victims, the abused woman lays the blame of that daily battery on herself, she persuades herself that love is not all “laughter and happiness” like she thought, but “fear and hate”, as her husband has taught her.
“The hand that beats me caresses me
I can’t move away
Can’t say what’s in my heart,
No one must know my shame
I lay there beaten inside, dead inside, hating inside, dying inside
Holding on to you – not in love but in fear
While dreading the morning because I’ll get another fist in my face
And you’ll whisper between the kisses, I beat you because I love you.”
Unfortunately, these verses stem from the brutal reality of domestic violence — a plague that affects millions of women everyday in the world, often trapped in a toxic environment they cannot escape. According to the United Nations Statistics Division, intimate partner violence accounts for the majority of women’s experience of abuse.
The World Health Organisation defines it as a “behaviour by an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours”. This behaviour has severe implications for the victim, who can suffer grave consequences, such as physical injuries, permanent disabilities and mental health issues (e.g. depression, post-traumatic stress disorder). Domestic violence can be fatal — causing suicide, maternal and neonatal mortality. Globally, as many as 38% of all murders of women are committed by their partners
For this reason, Maks, one of the young poets that AfroWomenPoetry has met during its path in Ghana, entitles her narrative poem “I Don’t Ever Want to Get Married“, inspired by a close friend’s family. The victim is a wife and a mother.
“She lost her sense of fashion because her style was about long sleeves, dark glasses and thick make up.
Long nights of talks full of laughter were now nights full of disaster – and she still did not give up.”
After enduring years and years of mistreatment — for the sake of her children — she finds her death falling from the stairs after a fight with her husband, leaving the kids she had tried to protect at the mercy of their own ghosts.
“And to all of you who said, “it’s ok” , “he’d change”, “things would get better”, my mother is now 6feet underground and she can’t even hear me cry. She can’t feel how much I miss her, she can’t see how bad her kids are growing…”
In Africa, violence against women is widespread: 36.6% of the abuses on the worldwide population occur in African countries. Sub-Saharan Africa regions record the highest prevalence of domestic violence, where 65.6% of women who have ever been in a relationship experienced abuse by their partner (the global average is 26.4%). Although globalisation is slowly levelling out what it is considered to be violence, cultural differences might make it difficult to agree upon common standards and therefore, upon common measures to tackle it.
For example, some cultural and religious traditions legitimise violence against women and even rape, hindering effective counteraction. A recent academic article has explored the attitudes of Ghanaian men toward wife-beating, showing that, although most of the participants would not actually endorse the “practice”, a good portion of them would justify it, assuming that in marriage everything is allowed.
This erroneous thinking applies also to sex, giving rise to another, often denied, declination of domestic violence: marital rape. The Ghanaian poet Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey wrote “The Honey Pot” taking inspiration from the real story of a lawyer, repeatedly forced by her husband to have intercourse, who is urged to conceive a male child and further the family name.
“Amina used to scream, but no one came. Amina used to fight, but Fiifi would only shove and thrust; shove and thrust harder. He didn’t care that her honey pot no longer secreted honey. He was oblivious to the thick, red blotches of viscous blood-honey that replaced the honey.” […]
“Amina washes the shame and pain from her skin and Fiifi’s sticky spittle from her mane.Then she trudges on to THE room to lay by his side, praying that tonight, at 2.00am, she is already with male child; or at least some baby, who will be the Saviour to end a Madonna’s mortal misery.”
Local governments have adopted measures to contrast the culturally-entrenched issue of domestic violence against women. In 2003, 36 African countries have ratified the “Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa”. This document recognises and guarantees women’s rights, deeming them “inalienable, interdependent and invisible human rights”, taking into account the crucial role of women in the development process.
Ghana, the first country covered by AfroWomenPoetry, is amongst the ratifiers of the protocol. In addition to this, in 2007, the Ghanaian government created the Domestic Violence Act in order to prevent violence against women, including domestic, sexual, psychological and financial abuse. Nonetheless, between 33% and 37% of the Ghanaian women still experience violence at the hands of their partner. The determinants of such high rate are low education — well-educated partners are less likely to be perpetrators — alcohol abuse and a family history of violence. Researchers argue that males who have been beaten as children or who have witnessed their mothers being beaten by fathers will probably be, in turn, perpetrators themselves. It’s a vicious circle that needs to be interrupted.
As a consequence of the widespread social acceptability and feeling of shame attached to this type of violence, 40% of women worldwide seek help, and only 10% of them look for assistance from law enforcement authorities, as The World’s Women 2015 reports.
There is another major underlying problem related to the African territories, fostered by poverty: whenever victims of violence decide to visit a doctor who could potentially testify in trials, it is quite likely that they won’t be able to pay the high costs of the medical documentation necessary to the legal procedure. This is why victims continue to speak to traditional healers, generally the defenders of cultural beliefs. In 1998, Ghana Police established the Domestic Violence Victim Support Unit (DOVVISU), in order to tackle the increasing rate of violence against women and children, aiming at providing free medical and psychological services to the victims and at prosecuting any of the cases.
However, doctors continue to charge fees that victims cannot afford — a trend that has recently sparked the attention of activists. Currently in Ghanaian courts there are still hundreds of pending cases of domestic violence, and only a small percentage of them has been successfully prosecuted.
The Humans Rights division of the High Court has intervened, urging to reinforce a free support to the victims of violence. However, a first step to prevent any sort of violence to take place is for women to acknowledge their worth and their rights.
“Falling in love with a batter is like living in a plastic bag. It may seem like you have enough air to breath inside the puff, but you know you’d surely die.
So take a moment and remind yourself, that marriage is no rush.”
I Don’t Ever Want to Get Married, Maks | <urn:uuid:94540bc9-b962-49f4-ae84-e01fabbbe441> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://vociglobali.it/2018/03/07/i-love-you-thats-why-i-beat-you-domestic-violence-in-africa%E2%80%A8/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645280.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317174935-20180317194935-00046.warc.gz | en | 0.957037 | 1,744 | 2.796875 | 3 |
In a breakthrough that likely provides scientists with their best opportunity ever to investigate extraterrestrial life, NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander has apparently spotted water ice on Mars. If the robotic spacecraft can now reach out and grab the vaporized frozen water it first photographed five days ago, it will be "mission accomplished" for arguably the space agency's most important interplanetary research venture in a decade.
"These little clumps completely disappearing over the course of a few days, that is perfect evidence that it's ice," said Peter Smith, principal investigator for the Phoenix mission, which earlier this week had sparked a hot debate among researchers as to whether it had found ice--or scooped up disappearing chunks of a "sublimated" material that might have just been salt.
This is exactly what the Phoenix mission was meant to find. After snapping its first photographs of the fourth rock from the Sun in digging to the soil of Mars' arctic north, the spacecraft's robotic arm first found inconclusive evidence of a white material. But evidence analyzed on Thursday revealed that crumbs of it had gone missing in an indication that water ice had vaporized--not just melted.
So what's next for the little robot that can? Storing this newest data on a super hard drive, then downloading the ultimate Red Planet science experiment instead of depending on the device's internal flash memory.
"We now understand what happened, and we can fix it with a software patch," said Barry Goldstein, another Phoenix manager at NASA's Jett Propulsion Laboratory. "The mission is well ahead of schedule. We are making excellent progress toward full mission success."
Stay tuned to PopularMechanics.com for the latest on what ice on Mars actually means for the future of space exploration and research, and whether the downlink leads to even further conclusive evidence. ... | <urn:uuid:1dfc9364-f2fb-4b9c-8102-ffc1bc14f248> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a12109/4269637/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863519.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20180620124346-20180620144346-00407.warc.gz | en | 0.951773 | 371 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Better than tests
That question was soundly answered last night at the forum, “Assessments that Make Sense” in Bronzeville (photos coming)
A room crowded with parents, teachers, students and community members from all over the city heard Monty Neill present two successful alternatives to standardized testing accountability:
- the Performance Assessment student project-based model used in New York in place of state Regents’ exams, and
- the Learning Record, a teacher- based observation and reporting system that has been used in dozens of Bureau of Indian Affairs schools and in California and New York City.
High school students assessed in the Performance Assessment model, who demographically include far more low-income, English-language learner and special education students than the state overall, have shown better high school graduation rates and college enrollment and graduation rates than stdents across the state.
Why? Dr. Neill suggests it’s due to a curriculum, instruction and assessment system that is student-based, not test-based. Students are all evaluated using the same standards and scales across four major subject areas, but they choose their own topics and methods, which makes them more engaged and serious about their work.
Panelist Ahkeem Wright (pictured left, center), a student at Gage Park High School and a member of Southwest Organizing Project and VOYCE, illustrated this point by saying that he would be more interested in math if the problems were about yardage on the football field than what they usually ask.
Josie Yanguas (pictured left at the podium), Board member of the Illinois Association of Multilingual Multicultural Education, pointed out that students who are bilingual would be considered an asset in any other country, but our English language test centered nation judges them as deficient.
CPS teacher Kimberly Bowsky talked about an assessment she used to evaluate her students’ understanding of a series of films on civil rights she had shown. Rather than requiring them to write a report using academic language – which may take up to 7 years for some students to develop – she asked them to create pictures. The samples she showed us did indeed eloquently present important concepts from the films.
CPS parent Linda Hudson (pictured left on the right) shared her story about the CPS promotion policy, which has been told here before. Linda suggested that her son’s creativity was considered out of place and that the ISAT, combined with CPS’s “multiple barriers” retention policy, did a poor job of showing what he was able to do. Despite the set-backs caused by CPS’s policy, her son is doing well, but she has chosen to send him to a private high school.
Questions from the audience were excellent – the biggest applause line was for an 8th grade student who was already opting out of the tests and standing up to administrators who were trying to tell her that she couldn’t.
You can read more here about the alternative assessments Dr Neill talked about, and view the power point presentation he used. | <urn:uuid:e094c76f-6f2c-4020-85e4-4f8b364d4add> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://pureparents.org/?p=20278 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701146196.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193906-00157-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977621 | 628 | 2.625 | 3 |
Rio Grande Water Fund
New Mexico’s Rio Grande and its tributaries supply water to Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Native American Pueblos and other communities—water for more than half of New Mexico’s population.
Frequent, high-severity wildfires like the 2011 Las Conchas incident cause post-fire flooding that increasingly threaten the Rio Grande’s water security.
After the Las Conchas Fire, post-fire thunderstorms brought rain to the burned areas and created massive ash and debris flows in surrounding canyons.
The Rio Grande turned black with sediment after the Las Conchas Fire. Water managers halted withdrawals in Albuquerque and Santa Fe, determining the ash-laden water was not worth treating.
These brown trout died in wildfire ash-contaminated water in the Rio San Antonio, a headwater tributary of the Rio Grande.
Not a pretty picture: the devastated landscape left in the wake of the 2011 Las Conchas fire.
When New Mexico’s forests can’t provide clean, reliable water, our health and economy are jeopardized. Restoring overgrown forests is a proven solution to make forests safer and healthier.
The Rio Grande Water Fund will generate sustainable funding for a 10-30 year program of large-scale forest and watershed restoration treatments.
By preserving and restoring our forests, we can sustain New Mexico’s water supply, increase social and economic benefits for local communities and contribute to an improved quality of life.
Donate today to give New Mexico the gift of clean water. | <urn:uuid:e282e6d4-f5bd-4293-9f7a-f06bb73d1e87> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/newmexico/new-mexico-rio-grande-water-fund-slideshow.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131299877.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172139-00005-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890001 | 323 | 3.234375 | 3 |
When you are expecting a child, there are a whole range of emotions that go through you, but a parent should never have to worry about their infant being injured in the process of birthing. Shoulder dystocia occurs in a number of births; by some counts, the incidents are approximately 0.5 % and 1.5% of all births.
Signs of Shoulder Dystocia?
This condition occurs during vaginal births. In short, the infant’s shoulder remains inside the mother’s body after the head has exited. According to the March of Dimes, there are several reasons why this condition may occur, including:
- Weight factors – If a mother is obese or is delivering a very large infant, there may be a higher risk of shoulder dystocia.
- Medication factors – In some cases, mothers who receive an epidural to relive pain during delivery may have a higher risk of having a birth involving this condition.
- Assisted births – In some cases, babies born with the assistance of forceps or vacuum devices may have a higher incidence of shoulder dystocia.
Keep in mind that these are generalizations, and in some cases, there may be no risk factors that indicate this could be a problem.
Shoulder Dystocia Symptoms
It is important to be aware that this condition can cause problems for both the mother and infant while in the delivery room. These complications can be very serious and may require additional follow-up care and long-term medical attention.
- For mothers – Mothers who have an infant born under these conditions may suffer from bruising of the bladder, rectum, vagina, or cervix or may experience some hemorrhaging.
- For infants – Infants can suffer a number of problems, including lack of oxygen, paralysis, and long-term numbness in the shoulder or arm.
Physicians who have determined the infant may be at risk for shoulder dystocia may elect to perform a c-section to avoid this condition, or if they determine that a vaginal delivery is possible, they may attempt specific maneuvers in the delivery room to avoid putting the infant or mother at risk.
Shoulder Dystocia Treatment
If you have had a baby and there was an instance of shoulder dystocia, it may be a result of medical malpractice. To determine this, you should consider some of the questions that an injury attorney may ask to evaluate your case, including:
- Did you have any of the possible risk factors for shoulder dystocia?
- Was your doctor aware of this risk factors and was he or she monitoring your condition?
- Were you properly monitored during labor and delivery?
- Did the doctor diagnose the problem fast enough?
- Did the doctor use excessive force delivering the baby?
- Do you believe an emergency c-section should have been performed?
While there is often no warning, women who have certain risk factors must be monitored carefully both during pregnancy and during the birthing process to avoid the damage that can be caused to both mother and infant.
Our Birth Injury Attorneys Can Help
If you have had a child and shoulder dystocia caused you additional injuries or resulted in your infant showing any symptoms of paralysis or weakness in the arms, you may have been treated incorrectly during the birthing process. A medical malpractice attorney who understands the risks associated with this condition may help you get compensation for the additional costs as well as pain and suffering for both mother and infant. | <urn:uuid:5132c618-c321-4163-aad9-1cad8af564e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://www.davislevin.com/practice-area/birth-injury/shoulder-dystocia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934807089.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20171124051000-20171124071000-00420.warc.gz | en | 0.959613 | 723 | 2.671875 | 3 |
European Public Health, School of Advanced Studies in Public Health (EHESP), France
*Corresponding Author: Pratik Pokharel, European Public Health, School of Advanced Studies in Public Health (EHESP), France.
Received: November 21, 2019; Published: December 11, 2019
The organisms present in the digestive tract of humans surpass the human cells by almost 10 times and are collectively known as gut microbiome . This microbiome may be considered as our other genome which when interacts with environmental factors can have a greater role than the human genome in obesity and disease development [2,3]. Profound changes in gut microbes’ mass have been reported in studies related to obesity indicating the microbiome involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity . Gut microbes perform many specific functions in the human body. Synthesis of essential and non-essential amino acids, production of vitamins and biotransformation of bile are carried out by gut bacteria. Besides, the microbiome performs metabolism of polysaccharides, resistant starch, and other substances that skip digestion .
Citation: Pratik Pokharel. “Gut Microbiome and Nutrition".Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 4.1 (2020): 86-87.
Copyright: © 2020 Pratik Pokharel. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | <urn:uuid:fb9221b1-0b66-457e-b421-e362a7146496> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://actascientific.com/ASNH/ASNH-04-0581.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301263.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119033421-20220119063421-00351.warc.gz | en | 0.892341 | 317 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Back pain is one of the most common health problems experienced among people. Eight out of ten people will experience back pain some time in their life. It is estimated, that about thirty-one million people in America suffer from lower back pain. The American Chiropractic Association has stated that low back pain is the single leading cause of disability worldwide and that eighty percent of the population, at some point in their life, will experience back pain.
Back pain can be caused by pretty much anything. The wrong movement or even a normal repeated movement can cause back pain. The most common reasons for back pain are ruptured or bulging disks, arthritis, scoliosis, osteoporosis and strained muscles or ligaments. Poor posture, lifting an object that is too heavy or the wrong way, muscle spasm or an abrupt movement is also common reasons for back pain. Cancer and infection such as shingles can also contribute to back pain.
Whatever the cause, it’s important to seek medical advice to find a way to treat it. Most back pain may go away on its own, but others need proper treatment and/or medicine. It’s crucial to note that some back pain may never go away. The good news is that there are ways to deal and live with this pain so you can live your life in the most comfortable way.
Assess Your Lifestyle
If you have started experiencing back pain, the first thing you want to do is assess yourself and everything around you. There are simple ways you can alleviate some types of back pain just by changing some bad habits. Take note when the back pain occurs, what you are doing when it occurs, and how severe the pain is. Analyzing these patterns can help you determine what areas you can fix and possibly reduce or get rid of pain altogether.
Check Your Posture
Bad posture can cause back pain. If you are experiencing back pain while sitting in a chair it could be due to bad posture. To analyze this have someone take a picture of you while sitting in a chair. If you notice you are slouched over and not sitting up against the back of the chair with your feet flat to the grown then your posture is wrong. Chances are, if you are experiencing bad posture while sitting down then your posture is probably incorrect while walking too.
Maintaining correct posture keeps your spine and the muscles surrounding your spine strong; preventing you from experiencing any back pain. Constant slouching or drooping can cause the muscles around your spine to become weak. Weak muscles have a harder time maintaining balance which has a negative impact on your back, resulting in back pain. Improving your posture can easily alleviate some pain with practice and time.
Check Your Lifting Technique
If you experience back pain while or after lifting an object then you may not be lifting correctly. Picking up objects that are too heavy for you or incorrectly can cause strain in your back and/or cause bulging disks. Make sure when you are lifting objects that your feet are shoulder-width apart and that you bend down at the knees not your waist. Get as close to the object as you can and slowly lift straight up maintaining correct posture; stand straight up with your shoulders back. Never bend down to lift objects or carry large objects over your shoulders.
If you find yourself above the object rather than level with it, stop what you are doing and start over. It might seem silly to do this even with smaller objects but the goal is to get into a good habit to lower your risks.
Don’t Live a Sedentary Lifestyle
If you find that you have constant back pain but are confused because you really don’t do much throughout your day besides sitting around due to driving or working in front of a computer, then the problem could be pretty simple. You are living a sedentary lifestyle and you need to find ways to add more activity in your day. Always sitting or lying down causes back pain for a couple of reasons.
You probably have poor posture, which as stated above, causes your muscles to be weak and it may also add on some extra weight. The extra pounds can weigh on your spine making it harder to have proper posture. If you find this to be true, you can easily fix this habit by adding in a few small activities each day.
Don’t do anything too major, too quickly, because the sedentary lifestyle has made your back weak and more acceptable to injury. Start by walking around your house or neighborhood for five to ten minutes every day and then add in more time as you go along. Eventually, you will notice a big change not only in your back but your happiness as well.
These changes might not make all your back pain go away but it could help reduce it as time goes on. These bad habits are the most common cause of back pain. If you still experience a high amount of back pain visit a doctor.
Potential Medical Interventions
Learning to deal with back pain is a must if you want to live a long and happy life. But, it’s important to first seek medical attention to make sure your back pain can’t be treated or at least reduced as you build better habits. Not only that, back pain can be a sign of a much more serious complication such as cancer. A doctor can help you pinpoint where the pain is coming from and determine if there are any underlying medical issues that may be causing the pain such as inflammation or scoliosis.
The most common treatment for back pain is medication. This includes pain relievers, narcotic painkillers, muscle relaxers, and steroids. Painkillers and muscle relaxers are very controversial because they are known to be habit-forming. If you find that they help you continue your day relatively pain-free, and that you are using them safely, then nothing is wrong with taking them. Just take caution and understand the side effects.
If you are experiencing severe back pain then physical therapy is a good potential treatment. It is used to strengthen those areas of your body that are weak or can’t move around very well. A physical therapist will use heat, cold, water or electrical stimulation to reduce any swelling or pain you may have, and then teach you an exercise program to rebuild your strength.
Chiropractors are trained medical professionals that work directly with injuries related to the spine. Back pain is treated by manually adjusting or manipulating the spine using special methods and equipment. These adjustments help reduce pain by restoring the functionality of the spine. Do not try cracking your back at home, go to a professional who has a good reputation as an adjustment done by someone who has no idea what they’re doing could be very dangerous.
When no other treatments have successfully relieved your back pain, then surgery is an option. Just like the above treatments, it may or may not help. This is because doctors are not able to predict one hundred percent if it will work or not. Spinal fusion is the most popular type of back surgery. During a spinal fusion the surgeon will fuse together parts of the vertebrae to reduce stretching of a nerve possibly responsible for pain. As with any surgery, there are major risks that could be life-threatening and recovery may take weeks and require a lot of missed work.
Back pain can also be associated with the shoes you wear. You may even be experiencing unevenness from your legs. A doctor can easily measure each of your legs to determine if this is the cause. If so, you can help with this issue by wearing special shoes with inserts that correct the problem.
Heating Pads or Ice Packs
Heating pads can be used to reduce back pain because it is believed that it warms and relaxes the muscles surrounding the spine. Ice packs can reduce back pain too because it reduces swelling and inflammation around the spine. In fact, if you have nerve pain, such as a pinched sciatic nerve, then ice is better than heat to help you get relief. Tip: Use small paper cups to freeze water, and then peel back the paper to reveal the ice to rub on the back.
Exercise and Diet Always Helps
Living with continuous back pain can really put a drain on your attitude and overall health. It’s not easy and takes a lot of work to even get out of bed. To prevent your days from becoming harder you must take notice and make an effort to improve your overall health. Proper diet and exercise will increase your happiness and even reduce or help manage your back pain. When it comes to exercise you should first contact a medical professional for advice. Certain activities can cause more harm than good.
Exercises to Avoid
Typically, you should avoid any exercise that produces more pain than is normal, even if it’s been recommended to you by a doctor. Exercises such as toe touches, sit-ups, leg lifts, high-impact aerobics and lifting weights over the head should all be avoided. These exercises put too much strain on the back and require the spine to work too hard. This can result in more pain and other injuries.
The best exercise for back pain is getting in the water. Water releases pressure on your joints and spine and makes you feel weightless. First, start out with walking the pool and then gradually freestyle swim. Breaststrokes, if done incorrectly can cause more back pain so take caution when learning. Other exercises like wall sits, bridging and some Pilates can be very beneficial because it does not require too much work from your spine.
Diet is another important issue when you experience back pain or any pain for that matter. Certain foods in your diet might be causing an allergic reaction or inflammation that could be causing the back pain. Also, back pain can easily lead you to pick the most convenient option, which usually is not the healthiest, that causes you to gain weight. Excess weight can cause or increase your back pain due to it applying more pressure to the spine than it can handle.
You should be grabbing for anti-inflammatory foods and not towards foods that are known to cause inflammation. The best diet for this is a mostly plant-based diet. Go for brightly colored or highly pigmented fruits and vegetables because they are known to reduce inflammation. Avoid processed foods such as fast food, white bread, and pasta.
You also should avoid high sodium foods and saturated fats. A good way to determine if a certain food group is causing your pain is to take it out of your diet for a couple of weeks and see how your body reacts. Eating right may cause you to lose weight or maintain a healthy body weight that your spine can support without any extra pain.
Overall, whatever exercise you do, make sure you stop immediately if you experience abnormal levels of pain. A little discomfort is normal, as is some soreness after a workout, but pain requiring medication is too much. Find exercises you feel comfortable doing and try to avoid being too sedentary. The urge to lie around may be strong, due to the pain, but regular exercise can help you manage the pain over time because you will build up strength.
In addition to exercise, a proper diet full of anti-inflammatory foods like high water fruits and veggies may reduce back pain. Inflammation is a major contributor to back pain as well as excess body weight. Exercise and proper diet will leave you feeling confident that you are doing the best you can in alleviating your back pain.
Coming to Terms with Your Back Pain
The best thing you can do for health and overall happiness is to come to accept the fact that you may indeed have to live with chronic back pain. Living with chronic back pain is not easy, but it can be made worse by not being accepting and thus becoming depressed. Constantly dwelling on and being angry about your back pain will only lead you down a negative path. Finding ways to ease the pain is important, but coming to terms with your pain can help you move on and live a fulfilled life.
Don’t let back pain get in the way of your relationships or happiness. Try to find ways to move on and focus on other issues that are important to you. Even if you believe there might be a cure to your back pain, it is still a good idea to think about the possibility that there won’t be one. This way you can be prepared for the worst, and your life won’t be put off track any more than it has.
Just because you have come to terms with your back pain doesn’t mean you should go out there and expect to do what you once did. You still need to make sure you are not getting involved in activities that cause more pain and strain on your body. It does mean to get yourself out there and experiment and see what you can do. You might find activities that you can bear with and will be happier in the long run.
Your family and friends should also still understand that you are in pain. It might be frustrating at times, but make sure your family and friends really understand what you are going through. Don’t get frustrated if they get confused or forget. They might see you doing similar actives and just forget because you are doing such a great job. Don’t let that get in the way of your happiness. Sadly, your friends and family can’t comprehend what you are going through. They won’t be mad if you remind them in a calm matter that you’re experiencing pain. They will only want to help even more.
In the end, it is believed that more than half of the American population will experience some degree of back pain, at one point in their life. Dealing with back pain can be quite depressing and frustrating. Thankfully, there are ways to manage this pain but first, it’s important to notice why you are in pain in the first place because it helps you fully understand what activities cause you the most pain so you can avoid them.
Assess your movements and notice when you are in pain. Changing little bad habits can lead to less pain. Bad habits include bad posture when standing, walking or sitting, lifting techniques and becoming too sedentary. You may want to lie around, but you need to realize this can actually make your pain much worse. Add in a few easy activities throughout your day so that you can build up strength in your back.
If you find that you are still experiencing a great deal of pain for a long period of time, you should seek a medical professional’s advice. They can determine if there are any other serious complications such as cancer or scoliosis. They can also offer advice and other treatments such as pain relievers, muscle relaxers, physical therapy, proper footwear or other issues that can contribute to your pain.
If you want to make sure you are doing everything you can to manage your back pain, ensure that you are eating healthy and exercising daily. Choose gentle activities such as swimming, yoga or walking.
If all else fails the best thing you can do for your health and sanity is to come to terms with your back pain. Every person is different in how they do this, but it’s important because it allows you to continue your life. Don’t let back pain control how your life goes because you can still laugh, love and be with your friends and family even when you still have pain. | <urn:uuid:c86a1cb5-54b8-4b5b-a1df-10bffb8371bd> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://healthfitnessyou.com/back-therapy-tips-for-dealing-living-with-back-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247515149.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222094419-20190222120419-00149.warc.gz | en | 0.959401 | 3,150 | 2.6875 | 3 |
"And God saith, ‘Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness, and let them rule over fish of the sea, and over fowl of the heavens, and over cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that is creeping on the earth,’" (Gen. 1:26).
Some people think that being made in the image of God deals with the physical likeness as if God has a body of flesh and blood. This is not the case. Jesus tells us that God, in reference to the Father, is spirit (John 4:24) and the spirit does not have flesh and bones (Luke 24:39). Therefore, it cannot be true that we are made in the image of God the Father in the sense that God the Father has a body of flesh and bones.
So then, what does it mean to be made in the image of God? It means that we are made in His likeness in that we have some of the same attributes that God has. For example, God is rational (Isaiah 1:18) and so are we. God can love (John 3:16) and so can we. God can hate (Psalm 5:5; 11:5) and so can we. Because we are made in God's image, we are able to have compassion, mercy, grace, fellowship, friendship, etc. However, as God is all-knowing, we are not. God is ever present, but we are not.
So, the image of God in us means that we are like Him in some, not all, of His attributes. | <urn:uuid:3969e725-3f8c-4e6e-a4d6-1ef826e4bb3d> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://carm.org/image-of-god | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250616186.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20200124070934-20200124095934-00231.warc.gz | en | 0.966991 | 337 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Fruit Snacks: Are They Healthy?
Fruit snacks run around 80-90 calories per small pouch—which is a reasonable amount of calories for a kids' snack. They’re free of fat, cholesterol and are very low in sodium. Many also provide vitamins A and C.
Before concluding, if the fruit snacks are healthy or not let's see what are the ingredients are there in the Fruit Treat Snacks.
1. Natural Banana Chips:- Banana chips have been naturally and organically cultivated in the pristine environment of the Western Ghats. Banana chips provide a snack alternative and are so much healthier than any commercial product which contains high amounts of sugar and fat. It consists of Protein, Potassium, Dietary Fibres, Vitamin B6, and C.
2. Jackfruit snacks:- Jackfruit chips as delicious and not just empty calories. Jackfruit is rich in iron and is a good source of energy. They are rich in protein and are baked which makes them healthier than other chips. The Jackfruits are naturally and organically cultivated in the pristine environment of the Western Ghats. Vacuum fried technology has been applied while making these snacks. It is the best supplementary food of Copper, Manganese & Magnesium. Vitamin C in Vacuum Fried Jackfruit Chips supports the immune system, repairs cell damage, and helps the body absorb other important nutrients such as iron.
3. Chikoo snacks:- Dried Chikoo Chips is a 100% natural product with no added sugar, color, or flavor. A great anywhere, anytime healthy snack for all age groups. Many people do not like to have chikoo as a fruit, but when the word “snacks” comes to mind people would prefer to have chikoo snacks rather than chikoo fruit. We fruittreat, that's why we have converted the chikoo fruit into nutritious and delicious chikoo fruit snack which not only gives taste to your tongue but also keeps you healthy.
4. Okra snacks:- Okhra is a kind of vegetable commonly known as Bhindi in India is no doubt a healthy vegetable. But, when it comes to having snacks people may feel hesitant if they are still healthy or not.
Yes, it's healthy. We apply vacuum frying technology which makes the snacks oil-free. It's 100% natural, with no added sugar, no artificial color. Sometimes attractive colorful snacks may not be healthy snacks. It is Rich in Dietary Fibers, Potassium, Copper, Iron, and Vitamin C.
5. Papaya snacks:- Papaya is one of the most popular fruits which is consumed after lunch or dinner because it aids digestion. Papaya is cooked using a vacuum frying technique which reduces oil consumption. There are no added sugars and flavors in the snack which is another advantage of this snack.
Conclusion: Everyone wants to be healthy and fit. It's up to you to decide what you are gonna choose. Healthy delicious fruit snacks or Unhealthy oily snacks?
Fruittreat is the leading manufacturing company in India that cares about your health. The idea of Fruit Treat is to offer healthy snacks which are rich in nutrition, produced from fruits that are organically grown and cooked using traditional Indian techniques. In this way, the company is aiming to carry forward the cooking traditions of South India. | <urn:uuid:d14a00a2-afe1-4ad1-afea-9d62b06a9b8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://fruittreat.com/blogs/fruittreat-blogs/fruit-snacks-are-they-healthy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515466.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516235937-20220517025937-00095.warc.gz | en | 0.954104 | 681 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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On Cesar Chavez's Birthday
Photo: Cesar Chavez speaking in front of American flag.
Today is Cesar Chavez's birthday, a day officially celebrated by the governments of California, Colorado, and Texas. Yet, farm workers still lack many fundamental rights that other workers have won. In California, for instance, farm workers still do not have the eight hour day.
Nor are American children protected from child labor on farms. In 2012, the Obama administration, through the Labor Department, announced their continued support for the exploitation of children through child labor by aggro-businesses. Their opposition to laws against child labor were hypocritically defended saying, "The Obama administration is firmly committed to promoting family farmers and respecting the rural way of life, especially the role that parents and other family members play in passing those traditions down through the generations."
Cesar Chavez is hailed as liberal icon for his role in founding the United Farm Workers. Instead of effective union methods like solidarity strikes, and hot-cargoing struck produce; Cesar Chavez turned to passive protests, consumer boycotts, the Democrat Party, Catholic Church, and capitalist state for solidarity. As was widely known in 1974, and published in the San Francisco Examiner, Chavez even went so far as to finger undocumented workers to federal agents when the bosses were using undocumented workers as scabs. Chavez snitched these workers out to the feds rather than trying to organize them.
Cesar Chavez even marched to the Mexican border in 1969 in protest of "illegal" immigration. For this, Chris Simcox, co-founder of the racist Minutemen, hailed Cesar Chavez as "the original border Minutemen".
With Obama now setting records for deportations, breaking up families and causing massive hardship for poor working class families, liberal icons like Barack Obama and Cesar Chavez lend new irony to the slogan "Si se puede!".
Only socialism can give the freedoms and meet the needs of the oppressed people of the world. The destruction of national frontiers and the right to move freely will become a reality only under socialism, as a result of the abolition of material scarcity.
Effective union organizing is a key in the fight for socialism and in the fight for immediate changes. Critical in this struggle is not buying into the bosses' divide and rule tactics as Cesar Chavez did. Militant workers must embrace all workers as brothers and sisters, no matter what side of a border they were born, and no matter what their legal status is under the capitalist state.
Far from Cesar Chavez's liberal pacifist tactics showing the way, far more effective are the tactics that were used when reds led the unions in the 1930's and 1940's. Before 1934, the labor movement of the United States was unable to effectively fight back due to the conservative leadership of the labor unions. It was a situation very similar to today. In 1934 this all changed when socialists took the leadership of three important unions and, unlike the entrenched union bureaucrats, were able to lead successful strikes. These were the San Francisco longshoremen’s union led by the Communist Party, the Minneapolis Teamsters led by the Trotskyist Communist League of America, and the Toledo Auto-Lite Strike led by the left socialist Workers Party. General strikes also took place in San Francisco and Minneapolis.
These victorious strikes were the three most important strikes in U.S. history. These 1934 victories (along with the militant tactics used) inspired the great labor upsurge that formed the CIO and made many gains against the employers. This is what created the climate that forced one of the parties of the ruling rich, the Democrats, to give the working class the “New Deal”. Besides the gains made directly through collective bargaining, gains for the working class included the first minimum wage, Social Security, a federal jobs program, and the 40 hour week.
Today, the type of liberal pacifist tactics used by Cesar Chavez have led one strike after another to defeat in the last five decades. Instead, the tactics of 1934 must be resurrected to defend and extend gains like social security, the eight hour day, the right to collective bargaining, and the rights of all workers, including the undocumented.
This is an article of Liberation News, subscribe free
From this author, also see:
Court Rules Against Workers in Wisconsin!
As Phony "Fiscal Crisis" is used to Attack Workers, Effective Fight-Back Needed! | <urn:uuid:3eaf011c-695a-4c18-86c3-f9fcbcd0805c> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2013/03/31/18734495.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463609305.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20170527225634-20170528005634-00346.warc.gz | en | 0.955256 | 949 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Something's wrong in the bat cave. No, not Batman and Robin's lair -- we're talking actual bat caves full of thousands of bats. You see, when winter rolls around, bats join the bears, chipmunks and other furry mammals and tuck in tight for hibernation. Hibernation conserves energy during the season when food is scarce and the weather is harsh. The birds of the night take their winter sleep in caves called hibernaculums.
In the winter of 2006 in Albany, N.Y., something strange happened to hibernating bats during what should have been a dormant period. A wildlife biologist noticed that some bats were awake and flying outside of their hibernaculums during the day when they were supposed to be deep in slumber [source: USGS]. He also noticed a ring of white fungus around their noses, as though they had taken a whiff of flour. By early 2007, as many as 11,000 bats in New York caves had died [source: Metzner]. The ones examined by wildlife specialists appeared emaciated, with little to no fat left on their bodies and scarring on their wings.
Scientists have compared this bizarre bat plague to Colony Collapse Disorder, which has mysteriously wiped out thousands of honeybees [source: Bat Conservation International]. Bees affected by the disorder shared similar odd behavior with the bats, flying outside of their hives during cold weather and appearing physically altered when they died.
This crisis may not concern those who only associate bats with Dracula and haunted houses, but bats are actually more friend than foe to people. Don't like mosquito bites? Score a point for bats since these flying mammals devour up to 600 mosquitoes in one hour [source: Swartz Lab]. Around 70 percent of bats around the world exclusively eat insects, although some tropical species eat fruit and others eat small animals, like frogs and rodents [source: Swartz Lab]. Because of these dietary habits, a drop in the bat population would negatively impact people, especially farmers who benefit from the natural pest control bats perform.
So have bats fared any better since that bitter winter of 2006, and what is that telltale white substance streaked across their faces? Fly on to the next page to find out. | <urn:uuid:76308584-9c40-4695-8e1f-99a6b1b6e881> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/fungus-cause-bat-extinction.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540529006.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20191210205200-20191210233200-00039.warc.gz | en | 0.96755 | 457 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Rainwater catchment — or “harvesting” — is an ancient practice involving collecting rainwater from a roof or other surface before it reaches the ground and storing it for future use. Not only do today’s rainwater harvesting systems provide significant environmental, social and economic benefits, they can add beauty to your backyard too!
10 Components of Rainwater Harvesting System
- Rain Filter.
Will capture and remove a variety of pollutants that may be flushed into the system during a rain event. The incoming water passes through a coarse filtration screen that removes leaves, twigs, and seeds. The water then enters the main chamber where smaller suspended particles are captured in a fine mesh which can easily be removed for cleaning. Approximately 15 gallons of the initial flush of highly polluted water is held in the lower portion of the rain filter allowing it to slowly seep out of the specially designed holes over a 24 to 36 hour period. After the initial flush, the cleaner water will travel to the modular storage basin to be filter further
- Connecting Pipe.
The rain filter is fitted with a 4″ corrugated drain pipe adapter that carries the water via gravity to the main storage chamber.
- Modular Storage Basin.
The main storage basin’s modular design can be configured to fit a wide variety of applications and settings. The storage basin is a series of modular plastic tanks that are assembled on-site. The tanks are then encased within an EPDM rubber membrane creating a water-tight basin.
- Snorkel™; Vault & Centipede™; Module.
Allows access to the pumps and plumbing assemblies. The efficient design allows for optimum water utilization within the system and a convenient access point for yearly maintenance and cleaning.
- High Efficiency Pumps.
Re-circulation is critical for the overall health and quality of water within the bank. Submersible pumps carry out this function 24 hours a day, insuring optimum results. The same pumps can be utilized for the delivery of water to your landscape; a booster pump may be needed to achieve the desired pressure.
- Flexible PVC.
50-100 foot lengths along with the flexible nature of the pipe allows for an easy installation with minimal head pressures, which equates to overall efficiency.
- Overflow Infiltration.
In the event of excessive rainfalls, the extra water is sent to an infiltration area through a 2-inch restrictor. The key is allowing adequate time and a high ground to water surface ratio. This facilitates the infiltration of water into deeper soils and aquifiers.
- Biological Filter.
Aquascape’s BioFalls Filter unit is the quintessential up-flow through the layers of filter media, beneficial bacteria and enzymes will reduce organic wastes and pollutants to less toxic substances that can be absorbed by plants, thereby creating a perfect cycle of nutrient re-use.
- Aquatic Plants.
Aquatic Plants are an important ornamental detail of a well-designed water feature, while at the same time providing food and shelter for a great number of birds, insects and amphibians. In fact, these marginal aquatic zones are the most productive ecosystems on the planet and are the cornerstone for maintaining our biodiversity.
- Irrigation System.
Using the stored water from within the Rainwater Harvest Storage System is not only beneficial from a financial standpoint, it’s actually better for your plants. This natural water is loaded with micronutrients and compounds that will make your plants and grass flourish. A healthy garden consumes more greenhouse gases and properly irrigated soils allow for greater water infiltration and better overall soil profiles.
The Turpin Landscaping Team aims to not just meet, but to exceed your expectations by adding beauty and value to your home. Please call Turpin Landscaping at 610.380.1119 for all your ponds and water garden needs. | <urn:uuid:6f2f69df-95bf-480e-8f78-401e5fae9940> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | http://www.turpinlandscaping.com/ponds-water-gardens/rainwater-harvesting-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304134.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123045449-20220123075449-00591.warc.gz | en | 0.896922 | 796 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Apostrophes in Company Names
A former contestant on the reality show The Apprentice started a business named Bakers Toolkit, and her Twitter followers went bonkers about the missing apostrophe. Neal Whitman points out that they were missing something too.
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Even before the age of the Internet, many companies dropped the apostrophes from their names, or never used them to begin with, such as Michaels, Starbucks, and Little Caesars, to use DePuy’s examples. Why did they do this? Usually, they have neither explained nor apologized, but DePuy did find one explanation. The company named Wegmans got rid of their apostrophe in 1931, and because it’s still family-owned, would like people to think of the name as simply a plural proper noun. But we know what’s really going on. It should be a possessive, because the name isn’t referring just to a group of people named Wegman; it refers to the company that belongs to them. They just liked the simpler look of the name without it.
The federal agency that records place names in the US doesn’t like apostrophes, either, and has only allowed an apostrophe in official place names five times in more than 100 years. As Barry Newman wrote in an article in the Wall Street Journal:
The Domestic Names Committee of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names doesn’t like apostrophes. Visitors to Harpers Ferry or Pikes Peak might not realize it, but anyone aspiring to name a ridge or a swamp after a local hero will soon find out. …
An apostrophe, the argument goes, implies private ownership of a public place.
Policies like these don’t always go down smoothly, though. A more recent decision in Cambridge, England, to stop putting apostrophes in street signs, was reversed after public outcry.
Next: Why Bakers Toolkit Isn't Wrong | <urn:uuid:9842f5d9-494b-4215-abd6-6025eb5bdf8c> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/apostrophes-in-company-names?page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931011060.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155651-00006-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949962 | 411 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Hanalei Valley in Kauai is said to grow around 60% of Hawaii's taro. Taro is the staple of the Native Hawaiian diet and at the core of the Hawaiian culture. Hawaiians believe the taro plant to be sacred. Taro, called “kalo” in Hawaiian, is central to the Native Hawaiian creation story. It also makes for an incredibly scenic backdrop! | <urn:uuid:d14e9499-3cca-4fbb-9e15-c1cac9297937> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.michaelmenefeephotography.com/New-Photography/i-G2LxnDp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158045.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922044853-20180922065253-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.96828 | 81 | 2.609375 | 3 |
In the Fall, we often have a fruit which brings this question from most of our customers, “What is this?” When we tell them they then ask, “What do you do with them?” Make Quince Jelly!
“This is a very old recipe and the product is considered a great delicacy. Collect the quinces from the Japonica bush – Japanese Quince- very late in the season, just before frost.[…]
“Wash; cut up in quarter sections and cook with seeds and skin, in enough water to cover, until soft. Allow to drip through three thicknesses of cheese cloth. Use equal measures of sugar and juice. Boil rapidly until it jells when a drop is cooled. Pour into small glasses and cover with paraffin. Makes a clear amber jelly.”
Anna Allen, Baltimore, Md., from ‘Maryland Cooking’ Md. Home Economics Assoc.
The quince that we grow for fruit, Cydonia oblonga, basically require management practices similar to those of the peach. Control of the oriental fruit moth is necessary to produce good fruit and the tree is susceptible to fire blight. The pear-shaped fruit is very fuzzy and more resistant to diseases than the peach.
Quinces can be grown as a small tree or a large shrub. There are numerous suckers that grow from the roots and they can be removed to produce a tree that will grow to less than 15 feet high. If the suckers are left alone, it will grow into a bush. Pruning should be kept to a minimum as fruit is produced on the ends of the branches. Growing well on well-drained, heavy clay soil, they need very little fertilizer. Using a water soluble fertilizer at planting and an application of 10-10-10 for the first few years is all that should be needed.
There are also some quinces that are known for their flowers, and still produce small fruit that are useful. The Japanese Quince, Chaenomeles japonica, is a three foot high shrub with showy brick-red flowers in the Spring. Chaenomeles speciosa, Common Flowering Quince, grows six to ten feet tall and produces flowers that are scarlet-red. This plant may also be used in a hedge.
September is a time to look back over the summer and gauge how well you did with your peaches. In our case, I believe things went pretty well. It warmed up so fast this Spring that we ran out of time to apply our dormant oil spray. Also, in our effort to reduce our pesticide use we waited to apply any pesticide until petal fall. This combination resulted in heavier insect damage than I would have liked. Next year the dormant oil spray is a must to knock down the population of overwintering insects. However, our fruit set was phenomenal. We began thinning our peaches two weeks earlier than usual and it paid off. With the very hot, dry weather we had in July and into August our peaches still sized up very well thanks to that thinning job. And that weather makes the peaches as sweet as they can be. We also kept the diseases under control. We did have a problem with mites, though. With the higher insect populations we had to spray our peaches closer to harvest than we sometimes have to do. Normally we use Imidan and Asana to control cat facing insects and oriental fruit moths and quit spraying at least two weeks before harvest. However, since these insects were still present we had to use Sevin. Sevin, unfortunately, is toxic to the natural mite predators, but not to mites. Mites also love hot dry weather. Actually, the mites bothered me more than anything else. They live and feed on the underside of the leaves and as you put your hand into the tree to pick they’ll turn your hands slightly orange and make the peach fuzz itch worse than it normally does, if that’s possible. The mites really don’t do much damage to the trees and left unsprayed after harvest, the natural predators come back.
Deer were also a problem this Summer and will continue to be this Fall. Not only did they feed on the young trees we planted but they also ate the peaches right on the trees. We hang bars of soap in the young apple trees which seems to work, but it doesn’t work on cherry trees. We are going to use soap and strips of white plastic on our peach trees in an attempt to keep the bucks from rubbing against the trunks this Fall. | <urn:uuid:9db0b4f5-8e2a-421f-94c1-f0e8a01b52f5> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.egofelix.com/make-quince-jelly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863100.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619154023-20180619174023-00378.warc.gz | en | 0.973191 | 959 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Wilberforce, William an English philanthropist, was born at Hull, Aug. 24, 1759. His father was a merchant of that city, descended from the ancient Yorshire family of Wilberfoss. He first attended the grammar-school at Hull; but on the death of his father, in 1768, he was transferred to the care of his uncle, who placed him in a school at Wimbledon. While at this school his aunt, who was an ardent admirer of Whitefield's preaching, first led him to the contemplation of the truths of religion; but, at the same time, impressed upon him her peculiar views. His mother, fearing lest he should become a Methodist, removed him from the care of his uncle and placed him in the Pocklington Grammar-school, in Yorkshire, where his serious impressions were soon dissipated in a life of ease and gayety. In October, 1776, he entered St. John's College, Cambridge, being only seventeen years of age. He graduated in 1781, and almost immediately thereafter was elected member of Parliament from Hull. He now came to London, and entered at once into the first society. He was elected a member of the most fashionable clubs, and became intimate with the leading wits and politicians of the day. He had formed an intimacy with Pitt while at Cambridge which now became still closer. In Parliament he took but little part in the debates, but was generally opposed to Lord North's administration and particularly adverse to the American War. In 1784, while delivering an address before the freeholders of York, they suddenly decided to have him for their representative, and he was returned to Parliament from this the largest county in England. He made a tour on the Continent during 1784-85 with Mr. Pitt and the Rev. Isaac Milner, whose influence, coupled with the reading of the New Test and Doddridge's Rise and Progress, awakened in him those serious impressions which had been implanted by his aunt at Wimbledon, and fixed in him the determination to devote his life to God and humanity. On his return to England he began to devote himself to all reforms which opportunity permitted. But in 1787 he began a series of efforts for the reformation of manners, the suppression of vice and immorality, and especially for the abolition of the African slave-trade. He opened the debate against the traffic in May, 1789, and, during all the period that followed until the accomplishment of this great result, never lost sight of the one object of his public career. He continued to represent York until 1812, from which time until 1825 he was representative from Bramber. From the English Cyclopaedia (Biog. Div. 6:600, 601) we quote-the account of his efforts against the slave-traffic: "Relying more upon the, humane and religious feelings of the country than upon parliamentary support, he availed himself of the agency of a society of which Granville Sharp was the president, and Thomas Clarkson the agent. Throughout the struggle, which lasted twenty years, Mr. Wilberforce was indefatigable. Year after year his hopes were deferred. Thwarted at one time by the protracted examination of witnesses, outvoted at others, now in the Commons, now in the Lords, he never flinched from a renewal of the contest. In Parliament he supported his cause by many admirable speeches, and by -a diligent collection and sifting of evidence. One of Parliament he never lost sight of the same great object. In his conversation and his letters he conciliated the support of all parties. Cabinet ministers, opposition members, the clergy of all shades of opinion, and his own familiar friends were alike solicited to advance the cause of abolition.
"Apart from the opposition which he encountered from the West India interest, the fearful excesses of the French Revolution and the rebellion of the slaves in St. Domingo led many to associate the abolition of the slave- trade with the frantic schemes of the Jacobins. For seven years this cause alone retarded the success of his endeavors. Meanwhile, though it fitted morally for the labors he had undertaken, it is marvelous how his weakly constitution enabled him to bear up against the bodily fatigues, which he was forced to endure. In the spring of 1788, when his labors were yet to come, his health appeared entirely to fail from an absolute decay of the digestive organs. The first physicians, after a consultation, declared to his family that he had not stamina to last a fortnight; and, although he happily recovered from his illness, we find him exclaiming on New-year's-day, 1790, 'At thirty and a half I am in constitution sixty.' From his infancy he had suffered much from weak eyes, and his exertions were constantly interrupted or rendered painful by this infirmity. Still, rising with new hopes and vigor from every disappointment, he confidently relied upon ultimate success. At length the hour of triumph was at hand. In January, 1807, he published a book against the slave-trade, at the very moment that question was about to be discussed in the House of Lords. The Abolition Bill passed the Lords, and its passage through the Commons was one continued triumph to its author. Sir Samuel Romilly concluded an affecting speech in favor of the bill by contrasting the feelings of Napoleon, in all his greatness, with those of that honored individual who would this day lay his head upon his pillow and remember that 'the slave-trade was no more;' when the whole House, we are told, burst forth in acclamations of applause, and greeted Mr. Wilberforce with three cheers." During this whole period he had been actively engaged in all the great questions of the times. He sacrificed friendship to the cause of truth and humanity, and never suffered an opportunity to escape for doing good. His great task, however, was the agitation of negro-emancipation, which he continued until his retirement in 1825. The emancipation act passed just before his death. "Thank God," he exclaimed, "that I should have lived to witness a day in which England is willing to give twenty millions sterling for the abolition of slavery!" He died at Cadogan Place, London, July 29, 1833, and was buried in Westminster Abbey with all the honors of a public funeral. His most important literary works are, Speech in the House of Commons on the Abolition of the Slave-trade (1789): — Practical View of the Prevailing Religious Systems of Professed Christians in the Higher and Middle Classes in this Country Contrasted with Real Christianity (1797): — Apology for the Christian Sabbath (1799): — Letter on the Abolition of the Slave-trade, Addressed to the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of Yorkshire (1807): — and others on philanthropic and religious subjects. See [by his sons Robert Isaac and Samuel] The Life of William Wilberforce (Lond. 1838,5 vols. 8vo); id. The Correspondence of William Wilberforce (ibid. 1840, 2 vols.); Gurney, Familiar Sketch of Wilberforce (eod.); Chipchase, Character of William Wilberforce (1844); Collier, Memoir of William Wilberforce (1855); and Hartford, Recollections of William Wilberforce, Esq., M.P., etc. | <urn:uuid:3eb444ef-09c3-46f2-b5ab-6dea86c0bbf4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/W/wilberforce-william.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141205147.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130035203-20201130065203-00381.warc.gz | en | 0.983245 | 1,526 | 2.53125 | 3 |
(For layering armor, see Armor:Size, Permit, and layering armor)
There are four types of stone layers in Dwarf Fortress. Each has different types of ore and gems available. Layers are extremely important in site selection because it determines what metals there are to work with. Layers also help in determining where to begin exploratory mining depending on what is needed for the fortress.
Often includes coal, iron ore, and all but one of the flux stones, all the components for making steel. Never found in the same biome as igneous extrusive. Full to the brim with valuable and useful deposits. Only place to find bituminous coal and lignite, and iron ore in large clusters (magnetite). Good choice for exploratory mining.
Contains a small variety of ores, but tends to be rich in gems. Includes marble, the only non-sedimentary flux. If there are no flux sedimentary layers, metamorphic layers can be useful in the early stages, but the lack of weapon quality ore (besides copper and silver) make it a poor choice for full scale exploratory mining in the early game.
It is likely to include metal ores. It also indicates a good chance of magma being present in some form or another above the magma sea. Never found in the same biome as sedimentary. Igneous extrusive layers can contain veins of Hematite, an ore of iron.
Like extrusive, also often contains magma, but farther down typically. Often contains gold or copper ore.
When soil is present, it will always be the top layer or two, above any stone layers. Appears in brown on the embark menu. Useful for growing crops and storage, but provides no rock for building.
An aquifer is not a separate layer, but overlaps one or more layers of stone or soil. When viewing the layers on the embark menu, it is indicated by a line of blue tildes(~) next to the layer(s) involved. This layer of water-generating stone can be used as a water source, but also can be a potential barrier to all layers below it.
See Also: Stone | <urn:uuid:005f30f2-14d9-4772-ab64-545ef9a74ecd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://dwarffortresswiki.org/index.php/v0.31:Stone_layers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00832.warc.gz | en | 0.908003 | 513 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Curriculum >> Key Stage 4 >> Travel & Tourism
Key Stage 4 Travel
you are studying IGCSE Travel and Tourism at MIS you can expect to learn about
the development of tourism in many different countries across the world. This
will increase your knowledge and understanding of global societies and
contribute to developing you into a global citizen.
will investigate the travel and tourism industry and look at the changes
politically, socially, economically and technologically. You will study the
importance of tourism to national economies.
will investigate change and development in the Tourist industry and look at the
importance of customer service and care.
and Tourism IGCSE is particularly useful for anyone considering a career in the
Tourism industry or in fact any global organisation. It provides a valuable
insight into global perspectives.
GCSE course followed at MIS is the International Cambridge syllabus.
Travel & Tourism Year 10 Download
Travel & Tourism Year 11 Download | <urn:uuid:03ee30e1-d703-4645-bf2a-c5d2969c5427> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.mis.qp.qa/Pages/Curriculum_Key%20Stage%204_313.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804680.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118075712-20171118095712-00593.warc.gz | en | 0.855932 | 196 | 2.984375 | 3 |
« ΠροηγούμενηΣυνέχεια »
perpendicular height; and of the product will be the solidity: that is, if A be the area of the greater end, and a of the lesser, and h the height. Then Atat Aux jh= the solidity.
in EXAMPLES. (10) How
solid feet are there in a tree, whose bases are squares, each side of the one being 15 inches, and each side of the other 6, and the length measures along
the side 24 feet? (U) What is the content of a frustum of a cone 60 feet high,
the diameters of its ends being 20 and 3 feet? (12) How many solid feet are there in a conical frustum, the
circumferences of whose bases are 66 and 56 feet, height is 4 feet?
To find the convex surface of the frustum of a pyramid or right cone
RULE. Multiply the sum of the perimeters or circumferences of the ends by the slant height, and half the product will be the surface required.
EXAMPLES (13) How many square feet are in the surface of a frustum of
à square pyramid, whose slant height is 10 feet, each side of the greater basis being 3 feet 4 inches, and
each side of the less 2 feet 2 inches? (14) How many square feet are in the surface of a frustum of
a cone, whose circumferences of its ends are 32 and s
feet, and slant side 7 feet? (15) If a segment of 6 feet slant height be cut off a cone,
whose slant height is 30 feet, and the circumference of its basę 10 feet, what will be the surface of the frustum?
To find the solidity of a cuneus or wedge.
EXAMPLE (16) What is the solidity of a wedge, whose base measures
30 feet by 16, and whose height is 12!
RULE. To the length of the ridge, add twice the side of the base which is parallel to it: multiply the sum by the other side of the base, and the product which arises by a sixth part of the altitude; and the second product will give the solidity. s,
-alt Thu EF+2AB X BC X
(17) What is the solidity of a pavilion roof, whose base is 36
by 20, ridge parallel to the greatest side 16, and altitude 12 feet?
PROBLEM XXI. To find the solidity of the frustum of a square pyramid made by a section parallel to the base.
RULE. To the area of the ends add the product of their sides; multiply the sum by a third part of the altitude; and the product will give the solidity.
EXAMPLE. (18) What is the solidity of the frustum of a pyramid 60
feet high, whose ends are 16 and 13 feet square?
RULE. To the area of the ends add the product of the sums of the lengths and breadths; multiply this sum by a sixth part of the altitude; and the product will give the solidity.
(19) What is the solid content of a canal 304 feet by 20 at
top, 300 feet by 16 at bottom, and 5 feet deep
PROBLEM XXIII. To find the surface of a sphere or globe, or of any segment or zone of it.
A GENERAL RULE. Multiply the circumference of the sphere into the diameter or height of the part required; and the product will be the curve surface, whether it be segment, zone, hemisphere, or the whole sphere.
Note.The height of the whole sphere is its diameter.
PARTICULAR RULES. 1. Find the circumference of a great circle upon the globe, by Prob. VI. Rule I. or by multiplying the radius by 6,2832: multiply the circumference by the diameter; the product will give the superficies. Or,
2. Multiply 3,1416 by the square of the diameter, and the product will give the superficies.
EXAMPLES. (20) What is the surface of a globe, whose diameter is 7? (21) What is the surface of a globe, whose semi-diameter is
6 inches? (22) If the diameter, or axis of the earth be 79574 miles,
what is the whole surface, supposing it a perfect
sphere? (23) What is the superficies of a segment 9 feet high, cut
from a globe of 42 feet diameter?
PROBLEM XXIV. To find the solidity or content of a sphere or globe. (See Fig. to Prob. XXIII.)
RULE. 1. Find the superficies by the last Problem; multiply the superficies by of the radius, or by of the diameter; and the product will be the solidity--Or,
2. Multiply the cube of the diameter by ,5236; and the product will give the solidity; that is,
=,5236, the solidity.-Or, 6
3. Find the content of a circumscribing cylinder, by Problem XIII. and take of it for the content of the globe.
For a globe is of its circumscribing cylinder, and ,5236 is the content of a globe whose diameter is 1.
EXAMPLES (24) What is the content of a globe whose diameter is 7? (25) Suppose the earth to be spherical, and its diameter
79574 miles, what is its solidity?
PROBLEM XXV. To find the solidity of the segment of a globe. (See Fig. 23.)
RULE. 1. From three times the diameter of the globe, take twice the altitude of the segment; multiply together the remainder, the square of the altitude, and ,5236; and this product will give the solidity. Thus let h=CD the height of the segment, and ds the
diameter. Then 3d-2h ,5236 x hh= the solidity of ACB.--Or,
2. To three times the square of the radius of its base, A B, add the square of its height; multiply the sum by the height, and that product again by ,5236, will give the solidity.
That is, if r=AD, the radius of its bust, h=CD, the | <urn:uuid:9735ec8d-46d9-4cae-80e7-728196163f8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://books.google.gr/books?id=t9Q2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA251&focus=viewport&vq=%22and+to+the+remainder+bring+down+the+next+period+for+a+dividend.+3.%22&dq=editions:HARVARD32044096994090&lr=&hl=el&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301263.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119033421-20220119063421-00588.warc.gz | en | 0.886633 | 1,464 | 3.03125 | 3 |
In order to implement the European Strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gases' emission of 20-30% in 2020, an important decrease in the output of all these gases from their main sources is needed. Agriculture is responsable in Italy for about 7% of total emissions in 2009, with the main gas represented by nitrous oxide release from soil, with the agricultural contribution corresponding to 70% of total N2O output. Nitrous oxide emissions are mainly due to nitrogen fertilization in cropping systems. At present N2O emissions in agriculture are estimated, both in the regional and national inventories, by using the IPCC guidelines, reporting a simplified model involving the amount of fertilizer applied only and leaving out of consideration other potentially important parameters such as meteorological and climatological conditions and agricoltural management.
Alternatively, N2O emissions may be measured by means of several techniques (see state of the art) but they are either not suitable for croplands (such as the eddy correlation technique) or require the use of a time-consuming procedure involving gas sampling from accumulation chambers and laboratory GC analysis.
Based on previous considerations, in this project we intend to develop a different approach through the on-site determination of N2O fluxes by means of accumulation chambers equipped with continuous N2O analyzers. To this purpose, two different prototypes will be developed, one portable, the other to be used in a fixed site (station prototype). Upon their design, realization, laboratory calibration, and field validation, we expect to be able to measure N2O fluxes directly in the field, in a very short lapse of time, and with better sensitivity compared to other approaches. These aspects are very important to evaluate annual budgets for integrated areas, considering the large spatial and temporal variabilities of N2O emissions. Through a series of carefully planned field trials in two different sites of the Tuscany Region, characterized by distinct pedological and climatic conditions as well as different crop management, we expect to be able to obtain a sufficiently reliable figure for the whole N2O emission from Tuscan arable lands.
The main objectives of this project are:
1) the development of two prototypes for monitoring N2O fluxes, one fixed and the other portable, to measure N2O emissions from soils in order to improve the present monitoring on this greenhouse gas output;
2) the identification of the best agro-ecosystem management practices to reduce these emissions from agriculture in the Tuscany Region;
3) Scenario analysis at regional scale to identify the measures to be adopted as financial incentives for N2O mitigation from agricultural practices. | <urn:uuid:b0ff436c-f9d0-4543-b4bf-243c1c5e038b> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.ipnoa.eu/en/the-project/objectives-and-key-messages.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948623785.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218200208-20171218222208-00172.warc.gz | en | 0.931051 | 536 | 2.828125 | 3 |
July 26, 1990, George H. W. Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); a law that paved the way for equal rights and treatment for millions of Americans with disabilities.
It’s now 25 years later, and yes, a lot has improved; curbs have been reduced and ramps have been built. You’ll even find Braille on signage and wheelchair lifts on city buses among the thousands of other improvements that have taken place as a result of the ADA. However, as many of the 38 million Americans with a disability can tell you, there is still a long way to go. Not only among the governing bodies of the United States, but among the public and private sector.
Many of the complaints still coming in from disabled Americans continue to revolve around lack of amenities, or amenities that just don’t function. Take for example a hotel chain with accessible rooms. Many of these rooms have what they call a roll-in shower and if you are lucky bars next to the toilet, but what many are still lacking are beds that sit lower to the floor. It’s still to this day far to common to see a business try to be compliant, but fail to wholly deliver, and airlines are not any better.
Don’t even get me started on all the stories circulating around the Internet regarding the experiences disabled travelers have experienced; from blatant disregard of their well-being to downright humiliation. There are far too many…
As we look forward to celebrating this monumental occasion, we still have come a long way none-the-less. An American with a disability is far better-off today than prior to the ADA, and things are only to improve as more and more advocates get involved to bring to light the shortcomings of the public and private sector.
If you would like to learn more about the ADA, please visit: http://www.ada.gov/ada_25th_anniversary/ | <urn:uuid:c132a77b-1e2c-496b-97aa-14c363eefa2a> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.superiorvan.com/blog/category/spinal-cord-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320873.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626235612-20170627015612-00559.warc.gz | en | 0.959484 | 400 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Attributed to James Alexander
Linen and wool doublecloth
Length: 246.4 cm (97 inches)
Bequest of Mrs. Elizabeth C. Story 15.110
One of the earliest patterned linen and wool coverlets to be woven in America, this textile is attributed to James Alexander, an Ulster-Scot who emigrated to the United States in 1798 after spending seven years as a weaver in Belfast. His account book in the collections of the New York State Historical Association reveals that he settled in Little Britain near the Hudson Valley town of Newburgh and supported himself with both weaving and farming. At seventy-eight inches wide with no center seam, this coverlet made for Carline Row is an example of the full-breadth weaving Alexander referred to in an advertisement. Because it is double-woven with two sets of warps and wefts, the patterning on one side of the coverlet is reversed on the other, making it impossible to tell which side was meant to be the front. | <urn:uuid:db653ee2-ab90-4730-8019-12b3bd2fb711> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://risdmuseum.org/art_design/objects/811_coverlet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00097-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933236 | 207 | 2.90625 | 3 |
As the Maker Movement starts to gain momentum, schools that are trying to find ways to foster the do-it-yourself environment can learn a few lessons from another nexus in the universe: public libraries. Dale Dougherty, founding editor and publisher of Make Magazine — and the de facto leader of the Maker Movement — has a … Continue reading Want to Start a Makerspace at School? Tips to Get Started →
Getty There appears to be no shortage of new businesses looking to apply technology to education. An entire ecosystem has emerged in recent years to develop and promote the latest product or service for the classroom or district. But a major hurdle remains: the divide between what entrepreneurs build and educators need. The ecosystem stimulating … Continue reading Closing the Gap Between Educators and Entrepreneurs →
At the end of the year, pundits love to share their versions of summarized lists of what was hot in ed tech in 2012. In addition to the obvious — Common Core curriculum and assessments, games in learning, consumer tech in education — there are others that may be more subtle or even counter-intuitive. Here … Continue reading 2012 Ed Tech Trends: Insights From Insiders →
Reading Rainbow app YouTube clips. Texting. Twitter. Facebook status updates. The prevalence of short-attention-span media — easily scanned or consumed — has led to much hand-wringing over how students will develop that lifelong love of reading perceived to be so critical to lifelong learning. One answer (in addition to “it’s not as bad as you … Continue reading Going Retro: Reading Apps for Real Books →
Flickr:Flickingrbrad Increasingly, digital games are cropping up everywhere in education. And that’s stimulated a flurry of activity leading to the expectation that no longer are learning games only likely to come from traditional education companies, but a wide variety of sources. The expectation-setting stats and statements, at least, are straightforward. Both the New Media Consortium’s … Continue reading Where Do Educational Games Come From? →
Perhaps the best way to think about games in education is not to automatically call everything that looks like fun a “learning game.” Lumping all digital game approaches together makes no more sense than a toddler’s inclination to call every four-legged animal a “doggie.” Game interest is definitely on the upswing in K-12 and higher … Continue reading What’s the Difference Between Games and Gamification? →
A new initiative, supported by state education leaders and funded by prominent foundations, plans to provide a place in the cloud for each state to store all data for every student, using "free" open source software. And, in the process, student achievement information will be connected to instructional apps and web resources. | <urn:uuid:82ad8ebc-734c-41bb-8ddb-59d69073d5de> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/author/frankcatalano/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891485.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180122153557-20180122173557-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.928359 | 566 | 2.625 | 3 |
After hearing about huge quantity and variety of new results all week at the Moriond conference, we were finally treated this morning to the bigger picture. Roman Kogler, an experimentalist speaking on behalf of the Gfitter group (a small group of experimentalists and theorists) showed how the Standard Model gives a coherent picture of particle physics as we know it today.
The equations of the Standard Model contain several closely correlated parameters. The Gfitter team collected the best theoretical calculations performed by theorists to-date and injected in the equations the various parameters determined experimentally. These are quantities such as the masses of various particles (top quark, W and Z bosons masses) and several couplings (parameters related to how often a particle will decay into lighter ones).
This technique is called an “electroweak fit” as it refers to making a global fit to all the parameters of the electroweak theory. Such fits were used to predict the mass of the top quark before it was even discovered at Fermilab in 1995 as shown on the plot below.
The predictions made on the mass of the top quark using a simultaneous fit to all the parameters of the electroweak theory. The blue band represents the predictions obtained form this fit whereas the black points show the experimental value measured by the Tevatron experiments from Fermilab.
The agreement between the prediction and the actual measurement, as seen on the above plot for the mass of the top quark, is remarkable. As the measurements of several parameters used in the fit became more precise over the years, so did the predicted value coming out of the fit to eventually agree very nicely.
One new and essential parameter of the electroweak theory is the mass of the Higgs boson. For many years, one important outcome of these global fitting procedures was a prediction of what this mass could be, guiding experimentalists in their search.
We can now play two different tricks: use all other measured parameters and predict the mass of the Higgs boson. Or we can assume the new boson discovered last summer is the Higgs boson, and use its mass to check the model for self-consistency. We want to see if everything fits nicely together or if the model starts to burst at the seams.
Both answers are shown on the following plot. The point where the wide-open grey curve touches the horizontal axis provides the most probable Higgs boson mass value given all the other constraints imposed on the Standard Model by all the measurements injected into the equations. The width of this curve gives the uncertainty on the mass prediction. The answer is 94 plus 25 or minus 22 GeV, in agreement (within 1.3 times the uncertainty on the measurement or 1.3 sigma) with the mass of the new boson which is now roughly 125.7 ± 0.6 GeV. Adding 1.3 times the uncertainty of the fit (25 GeV) to the value found (95 GeV) bridges the gap between the predicted and measured values. So the fit makes a prediction consistent with for the mass of the new boson.
The second curve, the narrow blue curve, shows the prediction of the fit if you inject the experimental value of the new boson mass into the fit. If the theory has internal consistency, the returned value from the fit should agree with the injected value for the Higgs boson mass. And it does, with a much reduced uncertainty margin, falling pretty much on top of the injected value.
This means that the electroweak part of the Standard Model has great self-consistency. As it stands, there is only a 7% chance it could be in worse agreement. The difference comes mostly from two parameters used in the fit, namely the mass of the W boson and the so-called left-right asymmetry parameter measured in Z boson decays to b quarks.
By further reducing the uncertainties on the input parameters used for the fit, we will eventually see if the Standard Model gets in trouble. But as it stands, all is good although it has less and less leeway. This means such fits may eventually reveal flaws in the model.
To be alerted of new postings, follow me on Twitter: @GagnonPauline or sign-up on this mailing list to receive and e-mail notification. | <urn:uuid:fdd77128-1e99-44b2-8aa2-052faab2a2a4> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.quantumdiaries.org/2013/03/07/the-standard-model-passes-with-flying-colors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701153998.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193913-00337-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916213 | 890 | 2.6875 | 3 |
A BS in Earth Science Education will prepare you for a rewarding and challenging teaching career, where you will share your passion for our world and our place in the universe. As an educator, you will facilitate student learning and understanding of our solar system's mysterious planets, including Earth, through hands-on field and laboratory study. In the process, you will also shape the lives and minds of young people and perhaps inspire the next generation of future scientists. This degree prepares you for licensure to teach in grades 5-12.
See the Earth Science Education degree options
Teach and observe in local classrooms. Tutor. Study abroad. Conduct field research. Be a scientist. Discover your passion in and out of the classroom.
Learn about all the Earth Science Education program opportunities
Anthropology | Geosciences | Chemistry Education | Mathematics Education | Life Science Education | <urn:uuid:08cbee96-365c-4293-9ba0-81925dd08fa9> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.mnstate.edu/earth-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583658844.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20190117062012-20190117084012-00396.warc.gz | en | 0.907611 | 174 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Let’s Talk Allergies and how to manage them
The prevalence of allergy and related diseases affects at least 100 million people worldwide. In general the prevalence of food allergies has increased to more than 50% in adults and more than 70% in children in the last few years. Food related allergies cause a wide variety of illnesses ranging from skin rashes and headaches to chronic intestinal diseases.
How often do you pop an anti histamine tablet with itchy eyes, sneezing fits or skin rashes? In recent years this has become standard practice to manage allergy reactions.
Keep reading to learn about new information and research in managing your allergy related symptoms.
Sneezing, Sniffing and Scratching?
Does your dog send you into a sneezing frenzy? Do certain foods leave you bloated and headachy? Or do pollens and certain grasses leave your skin desperately itchy?
If you answered yes, then you know this is a daily reality for you and the millions of people living with allergic conditions such as hay fever, asthma, food allergies and eczema.
So why does your body react this way?
Essentially, your body believes that these otherwise harmless substances (animal hair, foods and grasses) are threatening. Hence, when it comes into contact with these substances, known as allergens, your immune system releases large amounts of the chemical histamine.
Histamine is like a burly bouncer outside a club: its job is to muscle an allergen out of your body by any means necessary. Some of the ways histamine does this job is by producing redness and inflammation, a running nose, itchy eyes, skin reactions, constricted airways, bloating and diarrhoea; manifestations of allergic disease.
Allergies are Like Onions, They Have Layers
Current approaches to allergy management centre on both allergen avoidance and reducing histamine (e.g. antihistamine medication). But why does your body think these substances are harmful and mount this response against them in the first place?
Several contributing factors lead your body’s immune system to respond this way, including:
- Inflammation within your digestive tract (where the majority of your immune system is found).
- Damage to the lining of your digestive tract commonly known as ‘leaky gut’, allowing small particles (undigested food, bacteria and/or toxins) to pass through to the blood stream causing inflammation in other areas of the body).
- Low levels of good bacteria and/or an overgrowth of bad bacteria within your intestine that interferes with your body’s immune response.
Addressing the Roots of Your Reactivity
Truly holistic allergy management encompasses symptomatic relief while also retraining the body’s immune system to tolerate ‘threatening’ allergens. One way you can achieve this is by following an Allergy and Reactivity Reduction Program guided by your Naturopath, Cindi Young.
This specially designed and professionally supported program incorporates carefully selected herbs and nutrients combined with tailored diet and lifestyle recommendations; to help repair your gut, improve your ability to tolerate allergens, and reduce your reactive symptoms.
Ways to Reduce Reactivity & Manage your Allergies
A number of herbs and nutrients can help you manage your symptoms of allergy and reactivity; by helping to restore balance to your immune system:
- Avoid processed sugar and processed fats: excess calories from these sources are stored as fat, especially around your waistline. They also encourage dysbiosis within your digestive tract.
- Reduce chemical exposure in foods. Organic is best if possible.
- Stress Management. Stress can contribute to allergic reactions.
- Nutrients including Zinc can help support your immune system
- Aller-7®: This unique combination of seven traditional Ayurvedic herbs has antihistamine and anti-inflammatory actions – key to providing you with symptomatic relief.
- Quercetin and Bromelains: These potent antioxidant nutrients help retrain your immune system, minimise respiratory congestion, and reduce mucus production.
- Reishi and Shiitake: Medicinal mushrooms support healthy immune system function and neutralise allergens, along with reducing wheeze and excess mucus production.
A Tolerable Diet
Following a prescribed diet in conjunction with specialised supplementation greatly assists in reducing symptoms and building tolerance to allergens. Cindi Young, your naturopath will recommend a specific dietary plan depending on your symptom presentation and health history.
While following the Allergy and Reactivity Reduction Program you will ‘rest’ from foods that may be creating inflammation and damage within your gut, giving your immune system an opportunity to ‘reset’ and become more tolerant.
Time to Breathe Easy
Now is the time to address those irritating allergic symptoms by tackling the underlying causes. Completing this program can help you gain control of your reactivity and increase your tolerance levels, leading to a reduction in symptoms.
Imagine indulging in the foods and activities you enjoy; patting your dog without sneezing, eating the foods you love without bloating, or having a picnic in the grass without itching – now that would be life changing!
Cindi Young, is a leading Gold Coast Naturopath. She has a special interest in allergy management, as a life time sufferer of allergy related illnesses. She is an experienced naturopath and will find the best treatment solutions to help you manage your allergies and reactivity for life.
Cindi Young is available for naturopathic consultations at The Cycle of Life in Robina, Gold Coast and at Parkes Ave Dispensary in Byron Bay. She is also available for skype and phone consultations Australia wide.
Imagine a life without experiencing allergies every day?
Don’t forget to subscribe at the bottom of the page to stay up to date with latest news. | <urn:uuid:6b97629d-a607-45e1-a2e1-978d564aa088> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://cindiyoung.com.au/tag/food-allergy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670151.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20191119121339-20191119145339-00046.warc.gz | en | 0.921712 | 1,220 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Opioid use in Mexico has been low, but national and international factors are converging and a threat of increased drug and addiction rates exists. Many of these factors may have originated in the U.S., making this a potential joint U.S.-Mexico epidemic.
Previously, various cultural and legislative factors had combined to keep opioid use low in Mexico. These factors included physicians’ difficulties in obtaining special prescription pads for controlled substances that included opioids; limits on the number of prescriptions per prescriber; strict guidelines on opioid storage; and the high cost of opioids in Mexico compared with their cost in North America. There was also a perception among Mexicans that opioids are only for the terminally ill, are illegal and are too expensive.
Yet, Mexico’s population of residents ages 65 and older is expected to more than double by 2030, which means more people will be diagnosed with chronic diseases or cancer, calling for the use of opioids to relieve pain. In addition, a number of factors could lead to an overall increase in opioids — and a potential epidemic — in Mexico. These include: recent legislative changes there that make it easier to prescribe opioids; national health insurance coverage of opioids; pressure from pharmaceutical companies for Mexico to boost prescriptions to make up for stricter regulations and a dwindling market in the U.S.; increased heroin production and trafficking in Mexico; and the deportation of injection drug users to the country.
The study was an analytic essay that examined recent changes in legislation as well as population and drug trends in Mexico. The authors studied published academic literature, Mexican federal documents and guidelines, and news reports pertaining to opioid use in Mexico.
Because of the United States’ role in contributing to Mexico’s opioid problem, this is a potential joint epidemic, said Dr. David Goodman-Meza, clinical instructor in the UCLA Division of Infectious Diseases and the paper’s lead author. The U.S. should provide resources for the mitigation of a possible opioid epidemic in the same way the country provides resources for the “war on drugs” in Mexico — for instance, by helping to build addiction treatment centers or a system to monitor opioid use.
The study was a collaboration among experts in substance use, drug policy and infectious diseases from Mexico, the United States and Canada. Other authors are Dr. Raphael Landovitz and Steve Shoptaw of UCLA; Dr. Maria Elena Medina Mora of the Mexican National Psychiatry Institute; Dr. Carlos Magis-Rodriguez of the Mexican National Center of HIV/AIDS; and Dr. Dan Werb of UC San Diego.
The article was published in the American Journal of Public Health.
This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health; the National Institute on Drug Abuse; a New Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; an Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; the UCLA Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services; the UCLA Center for AIDS Research; and the UCLA Clinical Translational Science Institute. | <urn:uuid:af12d8f5-c0dc-472d-b132-1e2ba5fcf9db> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.uclahealth.org/an-opioid-epidemic-may-be-looming-in-mexico-and-the-us-may-be-partly-responsible | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823588.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20181211061718-20181211083218-00037.warc.gz | en | 0.939086 | 614 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The most common recommendation made by health experts in the area of produce selection is to choose “organic” varieties for maximum health benefits. We trust organic label certifications because they are supposed to comply with organic standards set by national governments and international organizations. Synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers are not allowed in organic practices, but that’s not always the case. Research by a Food Inspection Agency in Canada has found that nearly half the organic fresh fruits and vegetables tested in the past two years contained pesticide residue, violating maximum allowable limits for the presence of pesticides, the data shows.
Of the 45.8 percent of samples that tested positive for some trace of pesticide. Most consumers of organic food do not expect to hear that the produce they buy contains pesticides, epsecially for the premium paid.
The data released to CBC News under the federal Access to Information Act includes testing of organic fruits and vegetables sampled between September 2011 and September 2013.
The results were not what Winnipeg organic consumer Mathieu Rey was expecting. “I would hope that the products are without pesticides. That is what I would be looking for,” Rey said in an interview. “I’m trusting the companies to provide a non-pesticide or pesticide-free product.”
As widespread as the pesticide residues were, they were still considerably less than the 78.4 percent of non-organic samples the inspection agency found containing pesticide residues, violating the allowable limits 4.7 percent of the time.
A U.S. Department of Agriculture that found nearly 20 percent of organic lettuce tested positive for pesticide residues piqued our interest. Lots of the lettuce contained quite a bit of spinosad, a pesticide marketed by Dow Chemical under the brand name. | <urn:uuid:fad6a7d8-d515-435d-97e1-19ce8b337dc2> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://bighealthreport.com/organic-trade-groups-finding-pesticides-on-over-45-percent-of-organic-produce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703529331.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20210122113332-20210122143332-00060.warc.gz | en | 0.954803 | 357 | 2.671875 | 3 |
As a part of the health care reform bill President Barack Obama signed a long over due education reform bill as a part of the health reform package. College has become progressively more expensive and less affordable for the middle class in America. The education reform bill is absolutely essential.
The key points of the education reform bill is as follows:
1. Ends subsidies to special-interest private lending companies, cutting out the middle man and decreasing the cost of school loans.
Under the current program banks can act as the middle man for federally subsidized student loans, collecting billions of dollars in federal subsidies, protecting either government money or bank money from default. Under the new program, starting July 1, 2010 banks can still offer student loans, but they are not guaranteed by the government. Cutting out the banks as the middle man will create more money available for more and cheaper college school loans, coming directly from the government.
2. Doubles funding for Pell Grants to help more students afford a college education.
The extra money from decreased bank subsidies will go to more and larger Pell grants. Pell grants are targeted to low and moderate income students, more than $40 billion will go toward these grants. The maximum award will increase to $5,975 from $5,550 and the number of available grants will nearly double.
3. Will cap a graduate’s annual student-loan repayments at 10 percent of his or her income.
This will insure that every graduate can make their school loan payment, therefore decreasing the amount of school loan defaults and saving graduates credit ratings. For students who make their payments on time the government will forgive their balance after 20 years, instead of 25. Public service workers (teachers, nurses, police officers) or those in the military will see their loans forgiven after 10 years.
4. Helps an additional 5 million Americans earn degrees and certificates over the next decade, by revitalizing programming at our nation’s community colleges.
Community colleges, a growing population, will receive $2 billion over the next 4 years.
5. Increased funding to HBCU’s.
Over the next 10 years these colleges will receive an additional $2.5 billion in funding. Get more personal finance education here. | <urn:uuid:9867e3d4-c1f1-439b-b5fa-d175f71f8bbe> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.msfinancialsavvy.com/education-reform-signed-part-health-care-reform-bill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912204461.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325214331-20190326000331-00058.warc.gz | en | 0.950544 | 456 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Heard Museum's "Birds of a Feather" award recognizes UNT students' animal training services
DENTON (UNT), Texas -- Pops and Uno did not always cooperate with the museum staff at the Heard Natural Science Museum and Wildlife Sanctuary in McKinney, Texas. They would run away and play rather than follow directions. Fortunately, University of North Texas students of behavior analysis found ways to train the precocious ring-tailed lemurs and teach these techniques to staff who work with the primates on a daily basis.
The Heard Museum is a refuge for animals, many of which were abandoned or taken from the wild and need proper care. The museum recently recognized UNT students and their professor, animal behavioral expert Jesús Rosales-Ruiz, with a "Birds of a Feather" annual award, a commemorative plaque given this year for the students' outstanding training solutions and long-term service on behalf of the animals.
"Our collaboration with the Heard museum is an all-around win-win situation. It is an enriching educational experience for the students, and the community also benefits," said Rosales-Ruiz.
In the case of Pops and Uno, the students successfully used "clicker" training in combination with positive reinforcement to teach practical tasks. The mechanical devices mark desirable behavior with a "click" and a reward, typically food or toys, which become associated with the target behavior. This process takes time, patience and repetition, but Pops and Uno are learning how to walk into their crates without making a fuss. Crating is necessary to transport the animals from outdoor to indoor enclosures during cold and warm weather months and for veterinary services, and it is much less stressful if they go into the pens voluntarily without being chased or held, said Emily Rulla, the Heard team coordinator and third-year graduate student of behavior analysis.
The Heard outreach is part of ORCA, the Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals, a not-for-profit UNT student organization founded in 2000 and advised by Rosales-Ruiz whose mission is to improve the well-being of animals and their guardians through behavior analytic research and to make these discoveries available to the public. Community service and collaborations with zoos and sanctuaries are central to the work, and ORCA produces an annual conference that brings together experts, students and the public for a conversation about advances in animal welfare and training.
Since 2005 ORCA students have introduced a spectrum of creative animal husbandry training programs at the Heard Museum for the lemurs and other resident animals, which include Patagonian cavies, capybaras, raccoons, mongooses, opossums and macaws.
"It's fulfilling to help both the staff and the animals. It's a great experience for everyone," said Rulla. "As trainers, we need to be flexible to the animal and the situation. The partnership with Heard gives us the latitude to design training programs based on the museum's needs and then apply these with the animals."
When team member Erica Foss attended a national behavior analysis convention, she could not have imagined that it would inspire her to train exotic animals while pursuing an advanced degree in behavior analysis at UNT. Now a second-year master's student of behavior analysis, her work with Rosales-Ruiz and his hallmark ORCA program has given her a solid foundation of expertise.
"Jesús has a unique way of looking at the world," said Foss. "He is especially good at helping students arrive at their own training solutions. What I dig is that we're getting better at making simple decisions that yield big results."
ORCA students also address animal eating and behavioral issues, assess the safety, comfort and enrichment of exhibit habitats, and teach station training -- "sit and stay" techniques in which the animals learn to wait in a designated area.
"We are experiencing some of the most dedicated ORCA students yet," said Michelle Dudas, natural sciences curator at the Heard. "Not only do they train the lemurs, they provide wonderful educational opportunities for animal curation staff. Pops and Uno, our ring-tailed lemurs, get very excited and begin vocalizing as soon as they become aware that ORCA is in the house."
This news release was written by Julie West.
UNT News Service Phone Number: (940) 565-2108 | <urn:uuid:f71d360b-59bf-463c-9071-17cc7aedbce6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.unt.edu/news-releases/heard-museums-birds-feather-award-recognizes-unt-students-animal-training-services?homepage=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959921 | 906 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Posted by Ulfred Walker in Category Grade at Monday, March 19th 2018. Marked with . 88/100 rated by 931 users
This document section brings along 36 digital imagery of Grade, such as 2nd Grade Math Worksheets Addition And Subtraction Printable 2. 2nd Grade Math Review Worksheet Free Printable Educational Worksheet 6. Free Printable Addition Worksheets 3 Digits 335. Free Printable Addition Worksheets 3 Digits 334.
All Rights Reserved. Designated trademarks, brands and all uploaded materials by users are the property of their respective owners. Worksheets Kindergarten and Free Printables. All Rights Reversed.
© 2016 Worksheets Kindergarten and Free Printables, Corp.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• | <urn:uuid:be0788c5-559e-4369-9322-c922d61a15da> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://leenkat.com/math-for-second-graders-printable-worksheets-photo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583730728.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120184253-20190120210253-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.666081 | 176 | 2.765625 | 3 |
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING – THE RISKS
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a silent killer. It can infiltrate your home through the most apparently harmless devices, like your boiler or cooker. It is impossible to see or smell, yet it is easy to protect yourself and your family from the risks.
Too many people die each year in the UK from carbon monoxide poisoning, and many become chronically ill. By reading the information contained here, you can stop yourself and your loved ones becoming a carbon monoxide statistic.
A few simple steps, including an annual gas safety check with a Gas Safe Registered installer, could prevent needless deaths or illness as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Fortunately, although you can’t see or smell the gas from gas boilers, it is easy to see when there is a strong risk of it being produced by checking the gas or heating appliance by looking at the flame.
- If it’s bright blue, it’s healthy.
- If it’s yellowy orange, this is evidence of a possible carbon monoxide presence.
- Other signs to look for include brownish-yellow stains around the appliance.
- Pilot lights that frequently blow out
- Heavy condensation in the room where the appliance is installed.
You are at risk of carbon monoxide poisoning if:
- Your appliance was poorly installed
- Your appliance is not working properly
- Your appliance has not been safety checked and serviced regularly
- There is not enough fresh air in the room
- Your chimney or flue is blocked
- You allow illegal gas workers to install or maintain your appliances
It is extremely dangerous to block a gas appliance’s air vents. Blocking ventilation or misusing your appliance – for example, using a cooker as a heating appliance – can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning.
Failure to install or maintain your gas appliances such as a gas boiler correctly can lead to a Carbon Monoxide leak. Ensure you have a boiler maintenance service in place and get the right advice on having regular checks on your boiler.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a chemical compound of carbon and oxygen. It has no colour, taste or smell and is extremely poisonous. It is formed whenever carbon, such as gas, coal, wood or oil, is burned with an insufficient air supply. This is called incomplete combustion. When Carbon Monoxide is inhaled it prevents absorption of oxygen into the body and can result in oxygen starvation. This can have disastrous results, including death, depending on the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in the body.
Gas stoves, fires and boilers, gas powered water heaters, paraffin heaters, solid fuel powered stoves, boilers and room heaters are all capable of producing CO if not appropriately installed and maintained.
Carbon Monoxide can seep into properties via shared flues and chimneys and people may be poisoned by Carbon Monoxide produced by an appliance from next-door. There have also been cases where gas fires have been vented into cavity walls and led to the poisoning of people living above those using the fire.
Possible causes of incomplete combustion include:
- Problems with the appliance, such as poor maintenance or servicing
- Incorrect installation/commissioning of the appliance
- Lack of ventilation around the appliance
Failure to maintain your gas appliances correctly can lead to a carbon monoxide leak.
Severe Weather Advice
As we do not experience severe cold weather too often in some parts of the UK we can be caught out very easily in our homes by burst pipes and broken down boilers and heating systems just at the time when it is most inconvenient,
When things are still running well take these precautions
Emergency Plumbing London Number
- Firstly write down this number 0800 1 123 999 and even put it into the memory of your phone under ‘Plumber’ so that in an emergency you do not have to search for the number of someone who can come to your rescue.
- Also get your local electricity board emergency number in case of a power cut
Be prepared for a plumbing heating or electrical emergency
- Be sure you know exactly where the ‘stop cock’ is to turn off your water in the event of a burst pipe.
- Make sure you know where your electric fuse box and the trip switch is located before an emergency occurs.
- Have a torch with full batteries in a place that you can find it in the dark if your electrics fail.
- If you have a cordless phone keep it on the cradle when you are not using it so that you are not struggling to find it if you have an emergency in the dark.
Precautions to take to protect yourself in a plumbing emergency
- Do not switch off your heating over night but just reduce the temperature on the thermostat during the night.
- If you have an outside tap go out and wrap it up. It may not look beautiful but if you don’t have any insulation be prepared to tie plenty of rags around it and then put some bin liner or even better bubble wrap over it to protect it from the frost.
- Remember that the water leaks occur after the ice has melted and frozen pipes don’t leak until they thaw out after the ice has split the pipe.
- If it is really cold be prepared to leave the loft hatch open to allow some of the warm airs from the house protect the pipes in the loft from freezing.
- If you are finding the cost of keeping the whole of your house up to its normal comfortable temperature be prepared to use extra heaters in the room you are living in and allow other rooms to become cooler.
- Remember its layers that keep you warm so wear an extra layer or two and if the heating does fail just add another two whilst you wait for the plumber to come.
Emergency Drain Blockages
- It is unusual for drainage blockages to occur through icing up as most homes are putting some warm water through the sinks, baths and showers throughout the day but in extreme conditions some waste traps can freeze up.
- Try to keep some water passing through sinks not often used fairly regularly.
- Be particularly careful what you put down the drains at this time of the year,
- Waste fat congeals more quickly the colder it is so try not to put it down the waste pipes.
Electricity failures at this time of the year are usually caused by any one of three things and they all happen to you very quickly.
An appliance has stopped working
- Action – check the other equipment in the house and if that is OK then it is either the appliance or the plug to the appliance.
- If you know how to change a fuse try that or if not do not try to mend the appliance unless you know what you are doing but be prepared to call someone who does
Some of the lights go out or appliances stop working but others seem to be still working.
- Action – Modern electric circuits are fitted with a circuit breaker fuse system. If a fault develops, a switch is tripped which cuts off the electricity in part of your circuit. If you have a trip switch, it will be on or near your fuse box and your fuse box will always be near to your electricity meter. The trip switch should have a ‘push to test’ or a ‘reset’ button.
- Switches can trip for a number of reasons:
- i. An over loaded circuit – too many electrical appliances used at once
- ii. A light bulb blowing can trip the circuit
- iii. A faulty appliance
- iv. Over filled kettle
- v. Faulty connections on appliance leads.
- vi. Faulty immersion heater
- If a switch has tripped because of one of these reasons, you should flick it back on and then re plug items one by one. If the switch trips again, you will know that that particular item is faulty so take it out of the plug and leave it out until someone can deal with it for you
All the Electrics go off
- Action – it’s probably a power cut at this time of year caused by power lines being brought down in your area.
- Check to see whether your neighbours lights are on and if they are not wait a while as it often comes on quite quickly but if not use your torch and phone the electricity board emergency number in your area and ask what is happening. They will be most helpful.
We strongly advise you, just like the scouts, to be prepared for an emergency but hope that you won’t need to be.
Be careful, don’t try to do it yourself unless you really know what you are doing – call in an expert as quickly as you can – accidents in the home happen more in the winter than in the summer
Don’t become your own victim! Call in 1st Action, the Expert on 08001 123 999
DON’T PUT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY AT RISK
DOES YOUR HEATING SYSTEM SUFFER FROM ANY OF THESE FOLLOWING SYMPTONS?
Ø A Noisy Boiler
Ø Heating Circulation Problems
Ø Radiators that frequently need venting or bleeding
Ø Cold spots on your radiators
Ø Pump Failure
Ø Overall heating system is slow to start up
Ø Leaking radiator valves
Ø Reduced heating output
If so there is a good chance that your heating system will benefit from Power Flushing.
What is a Power Flush?
The Power Flushing pump is simply connected into the heating system, either across standard circulator pump couplings, across the tails of one radiator, or wherever most practicable. The powerful pump creates a pressure flow which combined with an instantaneous flow reverser device, will dislodge and flush out those deposits and the corrosion that resists traditional system cleaning methods.
Once the corrosion and these sludge deposits have been loosened and mobilised, fresh clean water is forced through the heating system, pushing the contaminated water out through a full bore dump valve to waste.
During the process, radiators are individually flushed, without having to remove them or disconnect them from the system, by directing the full output of the pump through each radiator separately.
At the end of the flushing process, the system contains fresh clean water and it can return to normal operation in only a few minutes. | <urn:uuid:a051f677-6844-46bb-9f52-428450d40164> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://1staction.com/consumer-advice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105961.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820015021-20170820035021-00005.warc.gz | en | 0.937992 | 2,155 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Valentine’s Day Projects: 2D Stuff, Pop-ups, and 3D Stuff!
The following blog post is by Peggy Healy Stearns, Lead Software Designer, Fab@School Maker Studio .
Valentine’s Day is one of those delightful holidays that inspire love, friendship and gratitude. And if you’re the creative type heart-warming maker projects!
In the classroom, Valentine’s Day gives students an opportunity to design personally meaningful projects for a real audience. Kids are inspired to do their best work when they’re creating for parents and siblings, friends and family. It’s a motivating context with opportunities to address standards across the curriculum.
Although the big buzz has been about 3D printing, most of our Fab@School Maker Studio teachers and kids have embraced paper and card stock. These readily available materials are friendly, familiar, and affordable. Design and fabrication is quick and easy, so making mistakes is no big deal. Students are encouraged to explore options, evaluate, and iterate – key to the engineering design process – which encourages creativity, persistence, and resilience.
These Valentine’s projects support multiple curriculum standards. There are numerous math connections. Students work with scale and measurement, 2D shapes, 3D solids, angles, parallel and perpendicular lines, and symmetry. They create flat nets that fold into 3D constructions and explore and manipulate faces, edges, and vertices. Integrating circuitry with copper conductive tape, coin cell batteries, and LED lights introduces electricity and magnetism.
Language Arts? Of course! Kids compose creative and original messages geared to a specific audience. And like all holiday activities, these projects provide a motivating context in which to explore community and culture. Artistic expression is infused throughout, so it’s full STEAM ahead! Need more rationale? These projects are great opportunities to support the 4C’s – critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity.
Some makers are ready to create from scratch, but for students (and teachers) who need a jump start, FabMaker Studio includes dozens of Ready Made projects to fabricate as is, customize, or use as models for original creations. Projects can be colored online and printed before fabricating, or they can be sent directly to the cutter using color or plain paper that kids decorate by hand. The following Ready Made files provide an easy onramp.
2D Stuff: The Folding Heart Note and Star & Heart Cards are popular Valentine’s greetings. Bookmarks and String Ornaments make simple gifts and decorations.
Pop-ups: The Heart Pop-up can be fabricated as it or customized. Try adding pop-ups inside of pop-ups, or heart pop-ups of varying sizes lined up on the vertical fold. Of course, hearts are not the only way to say I love you. Many other pop-up designs, like the butterfly and flower, inspire messages of love, friendship and support.
3D Stuff: The Heart Explosion Box is easy to construct and an appealing way to present a treat or note.
Since Fab@School Maker Studio was created specifically for the classroom, friendly tools make it easy for students to customize existing projects or design from scratch.
Encourage young users to personalize the Party Favor, turn a 3D solid into a gift box, or customize the Automaton with an animated Valentine’s message. Challenge more proficient users to create an original project from scratch.
Share your projects on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Tag with #FabMakerStudio. We’d love to feature your students’ work in a future blog post!
But Wait., There’s More!
Check out these earlier blog posts for more inspiration and specific directions. | <urn:uuid:d8899977-a996-4dce-a031-ea415303e30f> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.reynoldstlc.org/blog1/2019/2/8/valentines-day-projects-2d-stuff-pop-ups-and-3d-stuff | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578733077.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190425193912-20190425215912-00413.warc.gz | en | 0.884365 | 778 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A Glossary for what parents should know especially for moms in the first year of parenthood.
Mommy Glossary A- H
Allergies – Some babies are allergic to certain foods. Milk, eggs, fruits, artificial flavourings are implicated and may produce rashes, wheezing, upset bowels or tummy aches and colic.
Birthmarks – Most babies have a few. They include moles, strawberry marks and port-wine stains.
Blood in Motions – If motions are very hard they may tear the mucous membrane of the bowel as the stool is passed. If blood appears in motions always see the doctor. Blood in loose in motions or diarrhoea may suggest a dysenteric condition.
Bow Legs – Many babies seem to have bow legs and so do toddlers. Check at clinic if you are worried.
Burns – If burn is larger than baby’s hand see the doctor. Keep burns dry and cover them with sterile dressing. Don’t prick blisters.
Caesarian Section – The usual treatment these days for undue delay in the first stage of labour. Section has gone a long way towards obviating difficult births. The baby is born through an incision in lower part of the tummy.
Circumcision – Operation in which the foreskin over the tip of the penis is removed. Usually only carried out for religious reasons today.
Club Foot – A foot deformity easily treated if spotted at birth.
Colic – Baby suddenly screams and pulls his legs up towards his chin. If it happens often see the doctor.
Conjunctivitis – Babies often get an eye discharge in the first few days of life. Easily cured with special ointment.
Convulsions – Usually caused by a high temperature in babies. Always check the doctor.
Cot Rocking – A harmless activity in older babies.
Cradle Cap – A common greasy skin condition of the scalp. Responds to ordinary shampooing.
Croup – Sudden very noisy breathing usually at night. Contact doctor for advice.
Diarrhoea and Sickness – Always a worrying combination in babies. Give plenty of drinks, contact doctor.
Ear discharge – not to be confused with Wax in the ear. A discharge needs medical attention.
Eczema – A dry itchy rash in babies, often starts in skin creases, caused by allergy.
Frenulum – A tiny piece of tissue under the tongue. Used to be cut if short; baby was said to be tongue-tied. This old-fashioned practice has been abandoned.
Gastroenteritis – Sickness and diarrhoea which can lead to dehydration. See your doctor.
Genitals – Organs of reproduction. Babies often play with their genitals.
Hernias – Lumps caused by an internal structure pushing out through a weak spot in the anatomy. Often occur around the umbilicus in babies.
Hiccoughing – A common characteristic of babies who even hiccough in mother’s womb.
Hives – Itchy lumps in the skin, called urticaria. Caused through allergy to various things like certain food, insect bites, skin irritants.
Hydrocele – A swelling in the scrotum. Needs medical attention.
source: The First Year Book by Eric Trimmer | <urn:uuid:73be326f-ec9a-46ef-bc08-1dc36fa98ad8> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | http://www.esupermommy.com/2013/08/mommy-glossary-a-h/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487662882.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20210620114611-20210620144611-00302.warc.gz | en | 0.935988 | 698 | 2.875 | 3 |
“By the side of Demeter there is also a Herackles about a cubit high. This Herackles, says Onomacritus in his poem, is one of those called Idaean Dactyls. Before it stands a table, on which are carved in relief two seasons, Pan with pipes, and Apollo playing the harp. There is also an inscription by them saying that they are among the first gods.”
Usually when we think of a division of two seasons most modern worshipers think foremost of a division of summer and winter between Apollon and Dionysos, as these are the gods who are alternating at Delphi. However this table from the temple of Demeter in Arcadia, threw something into light that had been tickling my brain. You see, Dionysos, though most of his festivals are in the winter, are focused on the production of wine rather than the winter season in general. From his birth we have the birth of the new wine that comes, and the honoring of the lord of the wine press and so on. However if we set the division of Delphi aside we see that at Delphi there is another important feature, the cave of Pan at the height of Paranassus, the cave where the Thyiades celebrate the birth of Dionysos. There is also the fact that when we take a look at the Orphic hymn to Apollon, with all the heavily seasonal features to it there is no mention made directly of Dionysos. Rather, at the end of the hymn, after having praised Apollon for playing spring’s sweet chord, the poem ends praising Pan who blows the wistling winds through syrinx famed. Now on one hand I think that this too is an allusion to the winds of Apollon, but as all things within Hellenic religion are multi-layered I think that this is too. It reflects the nature of Apollon, but it also reflects the seasonal boundaries between Apollon and another god…Pan. If we consider that overwhelming evidence indicates that Apollon departed to and arrived from Hyperborea on the equinoxes, and a naturally blustery time of year, and the most turbulent time would be between this times in the winter. Certainly sailors did not venture out onto the seas during the winter because of the storms at sea.
Therefore, while we do have the Seasons, those lovely goddesses, we also have the two seasons here, the primary division of the year represented in Apollon and Pan. I do find it interesting that together they are addressed as being the eldest among the gods. Of course it is not entirely because myth presents them as part of younger generations (Apollon and the son of Zeus and Pan younger still as the son of Hermes), for myth and the relationship of gods is symbolic and an unending tangle. This is a reason why I don’t blink when I read Apollodoros is his Library mention that Apollon was believed on one hand to be the father of Korybantes (the Asian version of the Kuretes), who took care of Apollon’s father Zeus as an infant. And of course the table mentioned above by Pausanias he includes to say that it contains images of the nymphs who nursed Zeus, and the infant Zeus himself. The fact that the table was set before Idaean Herakles, who not only cared for Zeus but with his brother founded the Olympic games, is also not without value.
There are, of course, scholars who suggest that Pan is a manifestation of Zeus in his raw action in the cosmos as progenitor. The above record of the temple (which by the way would not be likely to be unique to the cultus of Arcadia if this is a noteworthy thing in the temple of Demeter, and this very temple and the mysteries practiced here in Pausanias asserts are an exact copy of those at Eleusis) indicates that Pan and Apollon here are closely united with Zeus in some respect. If there can be anything to this it is plausible, considering that Apollon himself was seen as a king (as which he is addressed by Homer too) we have an interaction between two king figures, one of which is more significant as the king of the gods, and of contrasting seasonal influences. The rains of Zeus being more prolific during the winter months when the downpours (or snowfalls in the case of colder regions heh) nourish the earth for germination. It is cool, it is wet, and in warm climates in the mediteranean it is teaming with life in its fairest blush. Thus so deftly Pan blows his syrinx through the land, blowing forth the rain-bearing clouds. Meanwhile Apollon’s period is the bright heat of the ripening season. There are numerous depictions of him with the golden grain, most particularly on coinage whch he is said to bring with him on return from Hyperborea…or perhaps more accurately this represents what his return results in bringing. So on one hand we have the planting and germinating, and then on the other we have the season cultivation, ripening and harvest. Pan here thus representing the seasonal opposite to Apollon.
I would then hazard to guess that that the relationship between Dionysos and Apollon at Delphi has some root with these interconnections. Certainly in Arcadia, who have rich traditions of being the birthplace of Zeus (though doutblessly they are not the only ones), the deception of Cronos and the approach of the Kuretes, the fact that images of him as a youth are almost an exact mirror to Dionysos is fascinating. Zeus too has a thyrsus, just his is crowned with an eagle, and his costume is fairly different in leathers and tunic, but he too wears the vines. Thus I would suggest that the division of Delphi between Dionysos and Apollon works on a symbolic level, particularly if Proclus is correct in saying that Dionysos is in a manner contained in Zeus. Apollon is not an inheritor of Zeus, but rather he sits on his own throne near his father’s side.
It certainly gives an appreciation for the goat-visaged Pan, the ram-horned Zeus, and the horned Apollon (I am still undecided whether it is a species of long horned goat or if is the horns of a young ram lol)…all of which were esteemed in the Peloponnese. Not to mention the connection to wolves they have.
This is something I just wanted to talk about briefly as I will likely touch on it when I get to my booklet “His Fathers Will: The Relationship of Zeus and Apollon” which would have to be done before I ever even think of writing the booklet of Apollon and Dionysos! In fact it may come shortly after “The Name of Apollon”. Either that or “The Delphic Serpent” will be next. I guess it just depends on what gets finished first. | <urn:uuid:f53a9a94-c065-4b80-bb4d-d2e543cc247d> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | https://lykeiaofapollon.wordpress.com/2012/11/02/pan-apollon-and-the-seasons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825700.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20171023054654-20171023074654-00101.warc.gz | en | 0.976826 | 1,487 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Lux (unit lx) is a measure of illumination of a surface. Lux is the metric unit equal to the amount of light falling on one square meter 1 lumen = 10 lux; A lux is only 1 / 10 th of a lumen.
The 10,000 lux measurement is important in light therapy to judge the effectiveness of any particular light box or lamp. Since the 1970’s, studies have shown that light therapy is effective when a person is within a 10,000 lux brightness range of light for twenty to thirty minutes. This is important to consider when shopping around. Many lamps boast of 10,000 lux light, but fail to mention at what distance this is from the light unit.
|Sunny Day at the Beach||100,000 lux|
|Aurora LightPad Mini||10,000 lux|
|Bright Office||500-1,000 lux|
|Home (Conventional Lighting)||300-500 lux|
|Desk Lamp (In Bedroom)||100 lux|
The intensity of the light box is recorded in lux, which is a measure of the amount of light you receive at a specific distance from a light source. Light boxes for light therapy usually produce between 2,500 lux and 10,000 lux.
The intensity of your light box affect how far you sit from it and the length of time you need to use it. The 10,000 lux light boxes usually require 30-minute sessions, while the 2,500 lux light boxes may require 2-hour sessions. | <urn:uuid:5922bc46-d79a-4212-bf0b-e0487c6e887c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.auroralightsolutions.com/lux | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141706569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202083021-20201202113021-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.894457 | 315 | 3.453125 | 3 |
2 edition of Teaching basic skills through vocational education found in the catalog.
Teaching basic skills through vocational education
James A. Dunn
|Statement||[James A. Dunn, Peter Gray, Elizabeth Martini].|
|Contributions||Gray, Peter, 1946-, Martini, Elizabeth., Cornell Institute for Research and Development in Occupational Education., United States. Office of Vocational and Adult Education|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||121 p. :|
|Number of Pages||121|
If you discover any discrepancy in our content, we welcome you to write to us. Hallman, Patsy Johnson Vocational teachers have a vital interest in students' developing competence in basic academic skills. They can be used to discuss various aspects of life skills, including the right way to respond in a situation. To harmonize the variations and multiplicity in terms of standards and costs, the National Skills Qualification Framework was launched in December To answer that, we have to answer a larger question first. Direct instruction programs include exactly what the teacher should say, and activities that students should complete, for every minute of the lesson.
If there is any lack of sufficient evidence, we make sure we mention it. She literally never got a paycheck in two decades. Bicycle Repair - To test and grade student on there ability to build and maintain a bicycle and to work with others in a controlled work environment. Reading is taught in vocational classes in many ways, varying from reading texts for new information to locating and using reference materials.
From to basic programs were delivered at main cities. Some learning styles require a physical presence and interaction between the educator and the student. The number of students in vocational high schools has decreased, from about half of students in down to about one-quarter today. Automobile Engine Cooling - Explain why the cooling system of a vehicle is very important to keep the engine running at optimum temperature.
Newspapers (Lifepac Language Arts Grade 6)
Regulation and licensure of whole blood, blood components, and source plasma
Elimination of TRIMs, the experience of selected developing countries
Reversal of the Osborne decision
State revenue sharing and municipal assistance
Capital cases procedure
The early poems of William Cullen Bryant
Water-quality data for the Boise River, Boise to Star, Idaho, October to December 1987
Teachers who implement the flipped classroom model often film their own instructional videos, but many also use pre-made videos from online sources. For example, products are compared, work time plans are made, income is figured, and market orders are entered.
When clients with similar difficulties are put together in a group and taught together, they tend to motivate each other. Unfortunately, the answer is no. Through a well-devised plan, a vocational education teacher can focus on content and at the same time strengthen abilities in word recognition, vocabulary meaning, comprehension, and study skills.
European Union[ edit ] Education and training is the responsibility of member states, but the single European labour market makes some cooperation on education imperative, including on vocational education and training. She also joined extra-curriculars.
Around half of all vocational high schools are private. Public IEKs are government-funded with free educationand it can be attended without tuition fee.
Every teen must know how to open a bank account, use the ATM, transfer money online, and write a check.
Another downside of technology in the classroom may be that students exposed to spell check and autocorrect features at an earlier age may be weaker in spelling and writing skills. Lexi had accomplished something that was impossible for her parents and grandparents.
WVA-Wet vermindering afdracht.
At tertiary level, vocational education and training is provided in junior colleges two- and three-year programmes and at polytechnic colleges. It works for soft skills by teaching students about each skill, showing them Teaching basic skills through vocational education book it looks in a scenario, and prompting them to attempt it themselves.
How to use the computer. We hear questions about soft skills almost every day. This system encompasses both public, TAFEand private providers in a national training framework consisting of the Australian Quality Training Framework, Australian Qualifications Framework and Industry Training Packages which define the competency standards for the different vocational qualifications.
In this manner, the client learns the task one step at a time. Vocational education teachers confront many secondary students who show interest and potential in vocational areas but who have not attained reading levels high enough to succeed.
Your feedback helps us serve you better and maintain a long-term relationship with the most important people in our business — you. During the second year, courses become more trade-specific.
This list of age-appropriate skills will help prepare your child for each stage of his life from preschool until the day he flies the coop. Demand for vocational training, both from the labour market and among students, has declined while it has increased for upper secondary schools delivering the maturata.
It is responsible for collecting, managing, analysing, evaluating and communicating research and statistics about vocational education and training VET.
The National Curriculum groups assist in deciding the contents of the vocational training within the specific occupations.
Brain Dominance - This lesson should allow the student to become more aware of their learning style and to become more comfortable and confident in the way their brain works.Vocational teachers work in high schools and colleges teaching students skills in their specific vocation.
Positions as vocational teachers require experience or training in the fields they teach.
They often also require completion of a bachelor's degree with a master's degree as a further educational. Therefore, the need for a book of this kind, on basic concepts and introductions to various relevant theories, was felt.
The present textbook, ‘Basics in Education’, is related to one of the core components of the two-year B. Ed.
Programme, introduced by NCERT recently. Many types of vocational or practical training Teaching basic skills through vocational education book be learned virtually, whether it be a laboratory experiment or woodworking.
Through these different approaches to teaching, educators can gain a better understanding of how best to govern their classrooms, implement instruction, and .The definition and pdf of Vocational Education and Training (VET) The term vocational education is general and includes every form of education that aims to the acquirement of The development of skills through basic and continuing education is highlighted.
5. The educational cooperation of developed and underdeveloped countries is promoted.Pub Date: 08 Pages: Language: Chinese in Publisher: Higher Education Press secondary vocational education curriculum reform and national planning new supporting materials teaching books: the philological training manual (basic module) (Vol.1) Guangdong supporting workbooks published by Higher Education Press secondary vocational.Education is the process of ebook learning, or ebook acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and ional methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed ion frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, however learners can also educate themselves.
Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any. | <urn:uuid:ce81b3ad-2e91-487f-91e1-888d585724dd> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://faquvysoxigyhojir.libraryonding.com/teaching-basic-skills-through-vocational-education-book-10448xy.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488556482.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624171713-20210624201713-00369.warc.gz | en | 0.949593 | 1,470 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The Azores is a Portuguese archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1,500 km (930 mi) from Lisbon and about 3,900 km (2,400 mi) from the east coast of North America. The Monchique Islet on Flores Island located at 31° 16' 24" W is regarded as the westernmost point in Europe, even though from a geographical standpoint, the two westernmost Azorean islands (Flores and Corvo) actually lie on the North American plate. The current Azores main industries are tourism, cattle raising for milk and meat, and fishing.
The nine major Azorean islands and the eight small Formigas extend for more than 600 km (373 mi) and lie in a northwest-southeast direction. The vast extent of the islands defines an immense exclusive economic zone of 1,100,000 km2 (420,000 sq mi). The westernmost point of this area is 3,380 km (2,100 mi) from the North American continent. All of the islands have volcanic origins, although Santa Maria also has some reef contribution. Mount Pico on Pico Island, at 2,351 m (7,713 ft) in altitude, is the highest in all of Portugal. The Azores are actually the tops of some of the tallest mountains on the planet, as measured from their base at the bottom of the ocean. The archipelago forms the Autonomous Region of Azores, one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.
Because these once uninhabited, remote islands were settled sporadically over a span of two centuries, their culture, dialect, cuisine and traditions vary considerably from island to island. Farming and fishing are key industries that support the Azorean economy.
The islands were known in the fourteenth century and parts of them can be seen, for example, in the Atlas Catalan. In 1427, one of the captains sailing for Henry the Navigator, possibly Gonçalo Velho, rediscovered the Azores, but this is not certain. A History of the Azores by Thomas Ashe written in 1813 marks the discovery by Joshua Vander Berg of Bruges in Flanders. Vander Berg was said to have landed there during a storm on his way to Lisbon. As he then claims that the Portuguese left to explore the area and claim it for Portugal shortly after. Although it is commonly said that the archipelago is named after the goshawk (Açor in Portuguese) because it was supposed to be a common bird at the time of discovery, in fact the bird never existed on the islands. Most, however, insist that the name is derived from birds, pointing to a local subspecies of the buzzard (Buteo buteo), as the animal the first explorers erroneously identified as goshawks. The name may also derive from the word Azure, meaning blue colour, Italian, which is the colour the Islands appear to be from the distance, at sea | <urn:uuid:2bb5eb39-6a56-4091-b847-dd95c89e1f0e> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.amazingtours.pt/en/azores/2/history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109682.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821232346-20170822012346-00230.warc.gz | en | 0.953497 | 604 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The four main classes of molecules in biochemistry (often called biomolecules) are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many biological molecules are polymers: in this terminology, monomers are relatively small macromolecules that are linked together to create large macromolecules known as polymers.
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.
For instance, in every living cell, there is a crucial biological process, called respiration. This process is the conversion of glucose into a useful form of energy, which is ATP(adenosine triphosphate). The study of biochemistry uncovers the numerous chemical processes involved in converting glucose into carbon dioxide and water.
A sub-discipline of both biology and chemistry, biochemistry can be divided into three fields; structural biology, enzymology and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed by biochemical methodology and research. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic (for example, water and metal ions) or organic (for example, the amino acids, which are used to synthesize proteins). The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of diseases. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and wellness and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers. They also try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage, and pest control.
At its broadest definition, biochemistry can be seen as a study of the components and composition of living things and how they come together to become life. In this sense, the history of biochemistry may therefore go back as far as the ancient Greeks. However, biochemistry as a specific scientific discipline began sometime in the 19th century, or a little earlier, depending on which aspect of biochemistry is being focused on. Some argued that the beginning of biochemistry may have been the discovery of the first enzyme, diastase (now called amylase), in 1833 by Anselme Payen, while others considered Eduard Buchner’s first demonstration of a complex biochemical process alcoholic fermentation in cell-free extracts in 1897 to be the birth of biochemistry. Some might also point as its beginning to the influential 1842 work by Justus von Liebig, Animal chemistry, or, Organic chemistry in its applications to physiology and pathology, which presented a chemical theory of metabolism, or even earlier to the 18th century studies on fermentation and respiration by Antoine Lavoisier. Many other pioneers in the field who helped to uncover the layers of complexity of biochemistry have been proclaimed founders of modern biochemistry. Emil Fischer, who studied the chemistry of proteins, and F. Gowland Hopkins, who studied enzymes and the dynamic nature of biochemistry, represent two examples of early biochemists. | <urn:uuid:9a124b06-aaa3-489e-92d8-235224dd9593> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://pharma2z.com/question/what-are-the-basics-of-biochemistry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488552937.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624075940-20210624105940-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.942468 | 786 | 3.53125 | 4 |
A fundamental principle of ESD control is to ground conductors including people at ESD protected workstations. Wrist straps are the first line of defense against ESD, the most common personnel grounding device used, and are required to be used if the operator is sitting. The wristband should be worn snug to the skin with its coil cord connected to a common point ground which is connected to ground, preferably equipment ground.
If continuous monitors are not used, a wrist strap should be tested while being worn at least daily. Part of the path-to-ground is the perspiration layer on the person; an operator with dry skin may inhibit the removal of static charges and may cause a test failure. Specially formulated ESD lotion can solve this problem. Failures may also be caused by dirty or loose wristbands which should be cleaned or tightened. When a wrist strap fails a test, the supervisor should be contacted, and the failure effectively addressed or the wrist strap replaced.
A Footwear / Flooring system is an alternative for personnel grounding for standing or mobile workers. Foot grounders or other types of ESD footwear are worn while standing or walking on an ESD floor. Both ESD footwear and ESD flooring are required. Wearing ESD footwear on a regular, insulative floor is a waste of time and money.
ESD footwear is to be worn on both feet and should be tested independently at least daily while being worn. Unless the tester has a split footplate, each foot should be tested independently, typically with the other foot raised in the air.
If an operator leaves the ESD Protected Area and walks outside wearing ESD footwear, care should be taken not to get the ESD footwear soiled. Dirt is typically insulative, and the best practice is to re-test the ESD footwear while being worn each time when re-entering the ESD Protected Area.
Contact Desco for more information on Personnel Grounding.
To shop personnel grounding products, click HERE. | <urn:uuid:596f1fe5-7b3c-4e75-9951-c9c41c9f8c04> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://desco.blog/2017/02/17/fundamentals-esd-control-principles-personnel-grounding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583705737.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120102853-20190120124853-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.943782 | 413 | 2.671875 | 3 |
George Balanchine (1904–1983) staged hundreds of ballets during his long and productive life, worked for Hollywood and Broadway, and created choreographies even for elephants. The Russian-born American master’s greatest innovation was the symphonic ballet. His choreographies were inspired by the pieces of music themselves––he sought to translate the structure and the atmosphere of music into the language of dance. The choreographer was a great admirer of women, especially of ballet dancers. All his choreographies were centred around ballerinas, and he staged a number of ballets for his four wives, several loves and muses. Each of his productions has a crystal clear structure with a pure and elegant stage design. Movements include elements from classical ballet, but they are always enriched with new elements and ideas.
Debate continues as to whether there is a special Balanchine dance technique. It is certain though that Balanchine’s style requires a considerable flair for music and exceptional swiftness and gracefulness from the dancers. George Balanchine was one of the most prominent figures in the world of ballet. Dance was everything for him; he always looked ahead and strove for novelty. For the preface to the book The Classic Ballet of 1951 he attached the following quotation: “The only way to get to like ballet is going to the theatre frequently, and as frequently as possible.”
The Balanchine-evening, a Balanchine Ballet®, is presented by arrangement with The George Balanchine Trust™ and has been produced in accordance with the Balanchine Style® and the Balanchine Technique® Service Standards established and provided by the Trust. | <urn:uuid:8bd72cb6-4973-4895-91a5-7105d3e4fd47> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://opera.hu/v/egy-zsenialis-koreografus-george-balanchine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737922497.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221842-00117-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973434 | 346 | 2.625 | 3 |
Inferring the frequency and magnitude of past earthquakes from the stratigraphy in exposures of normal-faulted sediments is difficult because colluvial lithofacies assemblages adjacent to faults are complex. Similarities in facies assemblages adjacent to young fault scarps in arid to semiarid areas, such as the Basin and Range province, allow lithofacies to be grouped into two genetic architectural elements: debris and wash elements. Upper and lower facies associations can commonly be recognized within each element. A lithofacies code scheme, similar to those used in the analysis of fluvial and glacial lithofacies sequences, provides a concise way of illustrating lithofacies relations in fault exposures. The source lithology of colluvial lithofacies is shown in the code, and soil-horizon symbols can be included. The architecture of lithofacies assemblages near fault scarps in semiarid areas is explained by a model of colluvial sedimentation in response to a single surface faulting event. Analysis of lithofacies assemblages exposed in three trenches across normal faults in the eastern Basin and Range shows how the model can be used to interpret fault histories. Similar facies analysis methods may be useful in interpreting colluvial sequences formed by non-tectonic processes. | <urn:uuid:aae41ee0-eaed-4781-8fd9-d0903a199ec2> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/jsedres/article-abstract/62/4/607/98379/lithofacies-analysis-of-colluvial-sediments-an-aid?redirectedFrom=fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814566.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223094934-20180223114934-00451.warc.gz | en | 0.905338 | 268 | 3.328125 | 3 |
When you use a formula to apply conditional formatting, the formula is evaluated for every cell in the selection. In this case, there are no addresses in the formula, so, for every cell in the data, the ROW and ISEVEN functions are run. ROW returns the row number of the cell, and ISEVEN returns TRUE if the row number is even and FALSE if the row number is odd. The rule will trigger on TRUE, so even rows will be shaded.
To shade odd rows, just use ISODD instead:
A MOD alternative
If you're using an older version of Excel (before 2007) you may not have access to ISEVEN and ISODD. In that case, you can use the "classic" formula for shading even or odd rows, which depends on the MOD function:
=MOD(ROW(),2) = 0 // returns true for even rows =MOD(ROW(),2) = 1 // returns true for odd rows
MOD takes a number and a divisor as arguments, and returns the remainder. The ROW function provides the number, which is divided by 2, so MOD returns zero when the row is an even number and 1 if not. | <urn:uuid:f1c82a58-0d3a-4104-aa35-8e7c9d06f8a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://exceljet.net/formulas/highlight-every-other-row | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446706291.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126112341-20221126142341-00750.warc.gz | en | 0.847283 | 264 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties, great or small.
“Off with his head!” she said, without even looking round.
Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis Caroll
Theology once held a seat of high regard among the sciences. During the Middle Ages theology was the Queen of the Sciences, and it sat enthroned at the core of academic studies throughout Europe. Many of the great European universities developed from the cathedral schools where theology was the nucleus around which all other study revolved and found its meaning.
The reason for this position of favor was that theology was discussion about – or the study of – God himself. In God, believers found their purpose and very existence. Therefore, God was not a position to be reasoned to; rather, reason flowed from one’s understanding of who God is and his relationship to humanity.
As Queen, theology’s function was not to discover all the answers herself but rather to encourage the other subjects – her subjects – to pursue truth. Math should discover that 2+2=4; biology should discover the mechanism of creation; psychology should discover the role of parent bonding in childhood development; but it was the role of the Queen to give meaning to the truths of her subjects.
In other words, 2+2=4 neither proves nor disproves the Creator, but theology – a profound belief in the Creator – sees the beauty in the ordered world around us. Theology and math are not the same. They answer different questions. But they are not completely separate answers; together they form a more complete answer to each of their individual questions. To quote Stephen Jay Gould, they are “nonoverlapping magesteria” to be certain, but they are also “interdigitating in wondrously complex ways along their joint border. Many of our deepest questions call upon aspects of both for different parts of a full answer” (Gould, “Nonoverlapping Magisteria,” Natural History 106 (March 1997).
It is unfortunate that Gould’s later explanation of these nonoverlapping magesteria left so little room for theology; in a sense, banishing the Queen almost completely to the hinterlands of the academic kingdom. The image of these nonoverlapping magesteria “interdigitating in wondrously complex ways,” however, is still worth considering. This image serves as a reminder that one should not reason from God or theological perspectives to mathematical principles or scientific theories anymore than one should reason from mathematical principles or scientific theories to the existence of God or the non-existence of God. In their “interdigitating,” however, in the beautiful harmonies between theology and the other sciences a fuller answer is given – an answer that provides not only facts but also meaning.
Unfortunately, the history of theology’s reign through the ages is questionable at best. The Queen far too often hampered instead of encouraged the pursuit of truth by her subjects. Today, many put the Queen at direct odds with her subjects, and this has led to a comical and tragic caricature of theology in our current society – a Queen who settles all difficulties, great or small, with the same solution, without bothering to look around, and by yelling, “Off with their heads.”
As Christians, who care deeply for the pursuit of truth, we cannot – and must not – attempt to restore theology to a place of prestige by destroying the work of her subjects or by belittling the work of those who practice them. We must not attempt to settle every difficulty between theology and the other sciences by calling for the heads of others to roll while we bury our own heads in the sand.
Rather, as theologians, whether professional or lay, we must assist theology to ascend to her throne as Queen of the Sciences by encouraging the pursuit of truth in all fields wherever they lead, by humbly entering into discussion with her subjects concerning the truth they discover, and by proclaiming the Truth that gives meaning to all truth – Jesus Christ, our Lord. | <urn:uuid:ed1b5705-c899-4ff0-afcf-a0a3e5a379e7> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://biologos.org/blog/off-with-their-heads | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207930895.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113210-00323-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968403 | 838 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Estimated time: 120 min
The idea of this activity is introducing the concept of risk analysis of the organization and also to use an abstraction of the risk matrix methodology to make a first analysis of the organization’s security context, which will be used to select security scenarios in order to elaborate procedures to the case in the second activity.
- Levels of consequences developed in activity data mapping and classification in section 01.
- List of possible threats to the organization prioritized by possible impact and probability of occurrence estimated by the team.
- Better understanding of possible adverse scenarios through which the organization might undergo.
- Better criteria for collective categorization of possible threats.
- Better criteria of prioritization of potential threats and establishment of security controls.
- In case of carrying out the activity in digital, it is suggested to have a spreadsheet or other software with all the necessary fields and formats.
In case of doing the activity on paper:
- Post-its or sticky notes and markers or
- Large pieces of paper to stick on the wall and markers. In case of doing the activity in digital equipment:
- Spreadsheet ready to fill, showing the headings with stakeholder categories.
- Introduce to the group the concept of threat (Possible negative event occurred to a given resource), considering the following aspects:
- These can occur by human and non-human causes (natural disasters, spontaneous reactions, wear and unscheduled malfunctions, etc.).
- These can be intentional or accidental.
- These can be provoked or fortuitous.
- These can affect physical, digital, human, legal and administrative resources among others. In fact, many organizations consider the affectation of their image and positioning as a resource, being a valid consideration within the exercise.
In general, it seems easier for participants to use a structure in the wording of threats similar to these:
[Something is wrong]
- Absence of the director.
- Thieves break in the office.
[Something bad happens to some resource or stakeholder linked to the organization]
- The twitter account has been hacked.
- Access to the bank account is lost.
However, sometimes this way of building threats can be so vague that they do not represent possible events, but other things such as vulnerabilities or lack of security measures. In this regard, facilitators are recommended to ensure that the wording of threats throughout the exercise corresponds to events. If the facilitator deems it appropriate, a drafting structure can be proposed that helps reduce errors, for example:
[A stakeholder] [execute an action] to/about [a resource] [provoking certain consequences – optional]
- A hacker introduces a malware into the computer of the organization’s director.
- The intelligence agency of my country monitors telephone calls from journalistic sources exposing the physical integrity of those.
[An event] [make an action] to/about [a resource][provoking certain consequences – optional]
- An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale or more occurs, destroying the data center of the company where the website is hosted.
- A blackout leaves the office without electricity, making it impossible to work on computers.
This wording can be adapted to consider threats without adversaries or clear events, as well as any other variation of threats that do not directly cover these drafting proposals.
Ask the participants to think about threats to the organization, take note and place them visible for everyone.
Map of threat
- With all the threats in one place, use levels of impact development in the activity Data mapping and classification and place them as the vertical axis of a matrix, then along with the help of participants assign each threat a level of impact locating the sticky note or equivalent to the height of the selected impact level.
- It is also suggested to place the qualitative impact levels defined above, then put a numerical scale as shown in the graph. This can help quantifying the level of risks after completing the activity.
Map of threat adding impact level
Reorganizing threats after impact levels
- Explain the concept of occurrence probability and define a scale to represent it onto the risk matrix. Reorganize the threats on the horizontal axis with the help of the group in such a way that they coincide not only with the impact scale but also with the probability of occurrence selected in each case, completing the risk matrix of the organization, as shown in graphic.
- In the graphics a scale of 1 to 10 is suggested, this can be changed by another type of scales such as those described below. However, if you want to make a numerical analysis of the threats it is necessary that the scale be also quantified in numbers and equal to the scale used for the risk levels.
- Low, medium and high probability.
- Null, low, high probability and certainty of occurrence.
- Scale from 1 to 5.
Threats map adding the probability levels of occurrence
Reorganizing threat post probability levels of occurrence
- Discuss levels of risk present in the matrix and read the security context of the organization through this tool.
- It is essential that participants come clear that the most important threats to attend must be those that have high levels of impact and associated high probability of occurrence (in this case those closest to the upper right corner of the matrix).
- In case of wanting to perform a quantitative analysis of the risk levels, when previously has been used numerical scales in levels of impact and occurrence probability, it will be enough to multiply these values for each threat and then organize the results obtained from highest to lowest (risk levels).
- This exercise results in a subjective analysis by the members of the organization, and for no reason represents a rigorous and accurate analysis of the risk context of the organization. Even if the same team repeated the activity the next day it could result in a different risk matrix.
- This risk matrix, as well as any other input that represents the risk context of the organization, is a temporary input that does not consider risks to change over time. It is very important to emphasize with the participants that this matrix represents “a picture” of the state of risk for that particular moment, and the invitation is to repeat this exercise periodically to update this obtained representation.
Risk matrix analysis
Closure of the activity
At the end of the activity you can discuss and emphasize what has been achieved:
- Criteria for the detection of threats were defined, and a map of current threats proposed by the team was made.
- Criteria for the study and prioritization of threats were developed. These criteria were also used during the exercise of threats mapping.
- A risk matrix building methodology was introduced, and it can be replicated in the future of the organization. | <urn:uuid:4f157cf2-04bc-467b-826f-eceab2cdfff3> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://sdamanual.org/activities/0301-threats-model.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578593360.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423054942-20190423080942-00158.warc.gz | en | 0.928746 | 1,375 | 2.734375 | 3 |
A Python virtual environment (venv) is an isolated Python installation that allows you to create and manage independent Python environments for different projects. It's essentially a self-contained directory tree that contains a copy of the Python interpreter and various supporting files, enabling you to install packages and manage dependencies without affecting your global Python installation or other projects.
If you hence want to install packages limited to a particular Python project, create a virtual environment for that project. Note that your virtual environments won't have access to globally installed Python packages.
Setup, Activation and Deactivation
To create a virtual environment, you may first have to install the management utility for virtual environments
sudo apt install python3-virtualenv
virtualenv is installed, create up your virtual environment.
venv is the name of your virtual environment in the command below.
Once complete, activate your virtual environment whenever you want to work with it
Note that if you want to leave your virtual environment, you'd have to type
Once a virtual environment is activated (
. venv/bin/activate) packages can be installed via
pip install $PACKAGE_NAME | <urn:uuid:519817cc-b7a3-41f7-870f-9addb568470e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://docs.find-santa.eu/programming/py/virtualenv.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100677.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207153748-20231207183748-00631.warc.gz | en | 0.839057 | 232 | 3 | 3 |
Candida infection of the skinSkin infection - fungal; Fungal infection - skin; Skin infection - yeast; Yeast infection - skin; Intertriginous candidiasis; Cutaneous candidiasis
Cutaneous candidiasis is infection of the skin with candida fungus.
The body normally hosts a variety of germs, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body, some produce no harm or benefit, and some can cause harmful infections.
Some fungal infections are caused by fungi that live on the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. They include mold-like fungi (dermatophytes, which cause tinea infections) and yeast-like fungi (such as Candida).
In cutaneous candidiasis, the skin is infected with Candida fungi. It is fairly common. Infection can involve almost any skin on the body, but most often it occurs in warm, moist, creased areas such as the armpits and groin. The fungus that most often causes cutaneous candidiasis is Candida albicans.
Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in infants. The fungi take advantage of the warm, moist conditions inside the diaper. Candida infection is particularly common in people with diabetes and in people who are obese. Antibiotics, steroid therapy, and chemotherapy increase the risk of cutaneous candidiasis. Candida can also cause infections of the nails (onychomycosis), at the edge of the nails (paronychia), and at the corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis).
Oral thrush, a form of Candida infection of the moist lining (mucous membranes) of the mouth, is usually associated with taking antibiotics. It may also be a sign of HIV infection or other immunodeficiency disorders when it occurs in adults. Individuals with Candida infections are not usually contagious, though in some settings immunocompromised people can catch the infection.
People with seriously weakened immune systems and cutaneous candidiasis may go on to develop more serious internal Candida infections.
A yeast (candida) infection of the skin can cause intense itching.
Symptoms also include:
- Red, growing skin rash
- Rash on the skin folds, genitals, middle of the body, buttocks, under the breasts, and other areas of skin
- Infection of the hair follicles that may look like pimples
Your doctor or nurse can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. The health care provider may gently scrape off a sample of skin for testing.
Older children and adults with a yeast skin infection should be tested for diabetes. High sugar levels seen in people with diabetes act as food for the yeast fungus, and help it grow.
Good general health and hygieneis very important for treating candida infections of the skin. Keeping the skin dry and exposed to air is helpful. Drying powders may help prevent fungal infections.
Losing weight may helpeliminate the problem if you are overweight.
Proper blood sugar control may also be helpful to those with diabetes.
Antifungal skin creams or ointments may be used to treat a yeast infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina. Antifungal medications taken by mouth may be necessary for for severe candida infections involving the mouth, throat, or vagina.
A yeast infection of the skin sometimes goes away with treatment. Repeat infections are common.
People with very weakened immune systems may develop a serious Candida infection of the bloodstream. This is called invasive candidiasis.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis.
Edwards JE Jr. Candida species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 257.
Kauffman CA. Candidiasis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 346.
Candida, fluorescent stain - illustration
Candida, fluorescent sta...
Candidiasis, cutaneous - around the mouth - illustration
Candidiasis, cutaneous -...
Review Date: 10/6/2012
Reviewed By: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc. | <urn:uuid:64b01acf-f450-4cea-a06a-c36d8e2c663a> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/health-ency-multimedia/1/000880.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661155.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00279-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881806 | 981 | 3.4375 | 3 |
by Rev. Dr. Mark Birkholz
What was the Reformation about? Indulgences? Purgatory? The authority of the pope? Education? Luther? Here (as in Sunday School) the answer is simple: Jesus. The Reformation was all about Jesus. Specifically, the Reformation was about Jesus Christ’s death on the cross as our only source of forgiveness, life, and salvation. Luther said, “The cross alone is our theology.” Another way to say this is Solus Christus, or “Christ alone” saves us.
Salvation through Jesus Christ alone is the heart of the Reformation. All of the practices and teachings that Luther and the Reformers wanted to change were problematic because they got Jesus wrong. They either added to or took away from His work, and replaced Jesus’ works (gospel) with human works (law).
In many cases, people were told that they had to do something in addition to what Jesus had done for them. Whether it was an outward action (indulgences, fasting, pilgrimages), or an inward disposition (repentance, love, devotion), people were told that the works of Jesus were not enough, that they had to cooperate with Jesus and do their part in order to be saved. Sometimes these actions and dispositions were good in themselves, but the problem was requiring them as something that needed to be added to what Jesus had already done.
In other cases, the Lutheran Reformers fought to keep others from taking away from what Jesus was still doing through His Word and Sacraments. Some of the more radical reformers taught that Jesus’ body and blood weren’t given or received in the Lord’s Supper, or that Jesus didn’t really save through Holy Baptism. They taught that the Sacraments were about obeying Jesus’ command rather than receiving Jesus’ gifts. Luther insisted that these Sacraments were also Christ’s work alone in giving forgiveness, life and salvation.
We are saved by grace alone (Sola Gratia), but this grace that we receive from the Father comes to us through Jesus Christ. “For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ” (John 1:17; see also Acts 15:11; Romans 5:21). We receive grace and blessing from the Father only because of Jesus’ death on the cross in our place.
We are saved by faith alone (Sola Fide), but our faith is merely receiving all the saving works of Jesus as a gift. “But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law…the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe” (Romans 3:21a, 22a; see also Galatians 3:26; 1 Timothy 1:14). Faith is trust in Christ, and not faith in our own faithfulness. It’s not our act of believing that saves us, but Jesus’ death that brings us forgiveness. Faith clings to Jesus as our only hope in the face of eternal death.
Our theology flows from Scripture alone (Sola Scriptura), but Scripture is trustworthy because it is about Jesus from beginning to end. Jesus told His disciples, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled.” (Luke 24:44) We listen to God’s Word in the Scriptures because there we hear Jesus speaking to us.
As we celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, it’s easy to get caught up in the various personalities, the historical events, and the literature of the 16th century. Our challenge is to see Jesus Christ at the heart of the Reformation, and at the heart of our teaching and practice still today.
The Rev. Dr. Mark Birkholz is pastor of Faith Evangelical Lutheran Church, Oak Lawn, Ill.
WA 5.176.32-3 | <urn:uuid:b3dac9f6-d21e-4cd0-8a6a-43d6fb0eb27a> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://lutheranreformation.org/theology/solus-christus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400279782.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927121105-20200927151105-00603.warc.gz | en | 0.975426 | 851 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Love at first bite. We have all experienced the rush from a forkful of cake, a fresh baked cookie or a bowl full of ice cream. The gratification we feel is the result of dopamine being released and activating the reward system in our brain, much in the same way that sex and drugs do. When you think about it like that, it is no wonder that we are a nation addicted to sugar. But much of the sugar we are consuming isn't the result of eating cake for three meals a day, rather because it is virtually inescapable. Out of 600,000 items found in grocery stores, 80 percent contained added sugar.
Long considered a staple in food processing, sugar is often used to mask naturally occurring bitter tastes. But as sugar's pernicious effects become more widely understood, consumers are becoming resolute in decreasing their intake. Of course, that is not without its challenges for food companies, since creating a tasty product is often at odds with creating a healthy one. "People aren't really willing to compromise on taste," said Alan Hahn, CEO, MycoTechnology. "They want less calories, but they still want it to taste great."
For Denver-based MycoTechnology, it believes the key to reducing added sugars in food can be found in gourmet fungi. Founded in 2013, the company has created an all-natural fermentation process called MycoSmooth whereby mushroom roots (mycelium) are trained to consume bitterness found in foods and in turn infuse the source with immune boosting beta glucans. While the process might sound foreign to us, it is a role that mushrooms know well from nature where they act as the cleanup crew of the forest, pulling toxins out of the soil and giving back nutrients to the roots of trees.
Initially, MycoTechnology is targeting coffee and chocolate, which are two huge markets that rely on sugar to cover up inherent bitterness. The company said it is already in testing phases with several global food companies. For those looking to utilize MycoTechnology's process they will be able to do so through licensing, managed services with onsite support or finished products through private labeling. And with consumers keeping a more watchful eye on their food, Hanh believes big food companies will have no choice but to take notice. "The anti-sugar movement is growing rapidly, and people want options."
Darren Seifer, executive director and food and beverage industry analyst, The NPD Group, echoed those sentiments, "In 2014 sugar became the number one item adults say they are trying to avoid in their diets due to falling concerns around fat. Couple that fact with how simple carbohydrates have been blamed for our obesity epidemic, it would be of high importance for marketers to react appropriately to these shifts in consumer demands."
While grassroots efforts among consumers will have a hand in change, there are also bigger forces at work like the Food and Drug Administration. The agency has proposed updates to the nutrition facts that appear on food labels that would require companies to call out added sugars versus natural ones as well as provide a daily percent value. And just this week, the FDA came down with new recommendations stating that Americans over the age of three should consume no more than 12.5 teaspoons or 50 grams of added sugars per day. This is compared to the 22-30 teaspoons that most Americans ingest daily.
As food companies grapple with the changing market, many are turning to sugar substitutes like Stevia to sweeten products. But plant-based replacements often produce a metallic aftertaste that many consumers find unappealing. To deal with that issue, MycoTechnology developed a separate process called MycoZyme, which uses enzymes from mushroom that act as a natural bitter blocker. In July, the Chinese company and producer of Sucralose and Aspartame, Niutang, announced the launch of NiuVia Stevia, which utilizes the MycoZyme process.
While Hahn sees MycoTechnology's potential to tap into the $600 billion food market, reducing the amount of sugar found in food is an issue that is also personal to him. "We are just trying to make people healthier. I ate myself to type-2 diabetes over five years ago, and I started learning about food, and it really motivated me for this company and to have options for people." | <urn:uuid:583dc86b-5e33-4ebd-87b8-035b0f215f76> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2015/11/13/a_startup_thinks_gourmet_mushrooms_are_the_key_to_combating_america_s_sugar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687702.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921063415-20170921083415-00594.warc.gz | en | 0.969022 | 879 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Subject: Caterpillar Identification
Geographic location of the bug: Canary Islands
Time: 03:51 PM EDT
Your letter to the bugman: Hello Bugman,
I was wondering you could identify the caterpillar in the attached picture? A person that I know found several of them on a plant in Indiana. I tried to identify it on my own but with no luck. I thought it was some sort of hawk moth larva.
How you want your letter signed: Emma
Correction: Thanks to a comment from frequent contributor on Sphingidae submissions, Bostjan Dvorak, we now agree that this is the caterpillar of the related Leafy Spurge Hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae, and according to BugGuide: “Introduced from Europe since the 1960s to combat leafy spurge.” Sphingidae of the Americas does not list the Leafy Spurge Hawkmoth from Indiana, but BugGuide does list it in nearby Michigan, leading us to speculate that the range of the introduced moth is increasing with the spread of Leafy Spurge.
Update: Hello Daniel Marlos,
Thank you very much for the feedback. That’s definitely interesting. I am just confused because although this specimen looks pretty much exactly like the Spurge caterpillars it lacks the double spots found on the side of Spurge caterpillars. Also, the big spots are filled in with color not just white. Could it be perhaps a variable pattern?
I have been told by the person who took the photo that this caterpillar was found with several other of these same types of caterpillars. Not that this piece of information helps but perhaps shows that it’s not just an anomaly?.
Thank you again for taking the time to identify this caterpillar.
Hi Again Emma,
There is often much variation between individuals of the same species. Often knowing the plant upon which an insect was feeding is a tremendous clue in determining identity. The greatest evidence we have that this is a Leafy Spurge Hawkmoth Caterpillar was provided in the comment sent by Bostjan where he identified the plant upon which the individual was feeding as Spurge in the genus Euphorbia. That food plant would negate our original supposition that this might be a very colorful Whitelined Sphinx Caterpillar.
CORRECTION: February 25, 2019
I made a mistake in the location of the caterpillar we thought was a leafy spurge moth, which clears up this confusing identification. This caterpillar was found on Gran Canaria Island, Spain which is off the coast of NW Africa. It is actually the Barbary spurge hawkmoth (Hyles tithymali).
Thanks for the update Emma. We aren’t going to ask how the Canary Islands were confused with Indiana. We have images of the Barbary Spurge Hawkmoth Caterpillar in our archives.
Haha, yeah definitely an odd switch up. My dad showed me the picture that his friend had taken. He didn’t ask his friend where he took it and assumed he took it in Indiana. I asked my dad again since the identification didn’t quite make sense and that’s where I got the true location which makes so much more sense. Thank you!
At least we got the genus correct originally. | <urn:uuid:47a6ac92-0c3e-48d8-ae72-a863a51b8ad1> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.whatsthatbug.com/2019/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323583087.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20211015222918-20211016012918-00348.warc.gz | en | 0.96691 | 689 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The Lenormand cards are named after the famous Lenormand oracle, which was named after Mile Marie Anne Lenormand. She was a famous fortune teller and excelled in cartomancy during the late 18th and early 19th century. Her fame stemmed from many accurate cartomancy readings and predictions. She even drew the attention of rich noble people like Josephine de Beauharnais, who later became the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. Her name is the only thing that connects with Lenormand oracle, the cardS were not designed by her. She used other devices such as necromancy, scrying, palmistry, and other divinatory methods for readings. She also used unique divinatory methods such as readings through coffee grounds and egg whites. To the extent of our knowledge, she used French Piquet cards for cartomancy. Sadly, she never described her method of interpreting the tarots even though she was a prolific writer.
Two years after the death of Mile Marie Anne Lenormand, cartomancy became very popular among a wider set of people on the internet. Grimaud, an enterprising publisher printed a deck of cards, it was named after Mile Lenormand. It was popularly known as Le Grand Jeu de Mlle Lenormand or simply as the Lenormand cards. The mechanics of reading the cards were said to be leaked by Mile Lenormands apprentice. The deck was made up of 54 cards, each compromising of a separate set of symbol and meaning. The cards held images of star pictures, Greek mythology, 22 letters (Kabbala), geomantic symbols, 7 talismans, flowers, and playing cards.
Following the popularity of these cards, many other publishers released decks under the name of Lenormand, which contained various assortments of cards from playing cards to additional symbols. A smaller concise version of the cards was released, it had 36 cards and was called Petit Jeu. During the year 1850 in Germany, the Lenormand cards were made into an easier and simpler design. Each card had a mnemonic image with a number, it had a total of 36 cards. It is also believed that these cards were based on a deck printed in 1800, it used a dice and number cards for cartomancy readings. The numbered cards had smaller playing card images overlapping a larger image in the background. It was marketed with an instruction booklet that explained the mechanics of the cards. These cards were simple to understand and still hold popularity in Europe, some western areas, and in Germany.
There are various versions of Lenormand cards, however, a standard Lenormand card deck has 36 cards and has an assortment of images like a house, a tree, a clover, a cross, a heart, amongst others. Each version of the cards has its own set of interpretations for cartomancy readings. According to Dummett, Depaulis, and Decker, these set of cards were based on a game in Nuremberg in the year 1799. This game was called ‘The Game of Hope’, the subjects and number used in this game are identical to Petit Le Normand version of the Lenormand cards. Visit our website to know more in details. | <urn:uuid:fc3b5ce0-9c71-407a-8863-8b0905be4391> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://cartomancy.wordpress.com/category/astrology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583659417.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20190117224929-20190118010929-00236.warc.gz | en | 0.984054 | 672 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Humans have been eating bananas for thousands of years. The first evidence of the growth of domestic banana crops can be traced back to the Kuk Valley in New Guinea, where humans began growing bananas in 8,000 BCE. There is evidence of similar domestication taking place in the South Pacific and South-East Asia during that time period too, but the crops grown in New Guinea spread quickly to the Philippines and from there across the tropics.
The origins of the banana crops that we eat today are difficult to trace because humans manipulated domesticated banana crops by culling and planting a range of varieties, producing hybrid crops until perfection (meaning large crops of sweet, seedless fruit) was achieved. Modern-day bananas are descended from the seedless plantains that were originally grown in New Guinea. The seedless plantains that are popular today come from the Musa Acuminata and Musa Balbisinia varieties. Wild bananas such as the Musa Sapientum and Musa Paradisiaca, which are bulbous and have large seeds, are not usually eaten.
Banana and the Paleo Diet
Originally, banana was eaten as a staple starch in tropical climates. Today, they are still an important part of Asian diets and they can be a good part of a Paleo diet. They are frequently consumed fried or baked in their skin. They are also used as filler, in a similar fashion to potatoes. In the West, they are seen as a sweet treat or a snack. They are used in fruit salads and other desserts, added to cereals and pancakes or blended into smoothies.
A Handy Health Food
The banana is rich in vitamin B6, vitamin C, potassium, manganese and soluble fibre. A high-fibre diet can help to reduce your risk of some kinds of cancer, including renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. It can also help to reduce the symptoms of GERD, thereby cutting your risk of oesophageal cancer.
Some women find that the calcium and potassium in a banana can help to reduce cramps and alleviate PMS symptoms. Eating a banana can also help to regulate your blood sugar, which makes you less susceptible to mood swings. The vitamin B6 content helps your body to produce white blood cells, boosting your immune system.
One little-known health benefit of plantains is that they contain tryptophan. This is a natural mood enhancer. If you’re feeling down or stressed out, then snacking on a banana is a better cure than snacking on chocolate or crisps. As an added benefit, it’s better for your waistline too.
Nature’s Lunch-Box Food
Bananas are convenient and also very healthy. They are one of the few foods in nature that come with their own easy-peel wrapper. If you don’t like eating oranges because they’re messy and find that apples get bruised in your bag, why not take bananas to work instead? A banana contains around one-third of the calories of a typical chocolate bar and offers far more essential micronutrients. It’s one of the best Paleo diet snacks out there. | <urn:uuid:4f08d37f-3dad-4025-a533-c252ef5b0086> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.paleodiet.co.uk/bananas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585439.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20211021164535-20211021194535-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.9584 | 654 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Gilpin, R., 1988. The Theory of Hegemonic War. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 18(4), 591-613.
“The essential idea embodied in Thucydides’ theory of hegemonic war is that fundamental changes in the international system are the basic determinants of such wars. The structure of the system or distribution of power among the states in the system can be stable or unstable. A stable system is one in which changes can take place if they do not threaten the vital interests of the dominant states and thereby cause a war among them…An unstable system is one in which economic, technological, and other changes are eroding the international hierarchy and undermining the position of the hegemonic state” (592).
Gilpin highlights three characteristics of hegemonic stability theory from the above quotation. The first, is that hegemonic stability theory relies on a different set of drivers than does other systemic level theories of the cause of war: it relies on exploring the broader changes in political and economic drivers. Secondly, states in an international system, broadly speaking, will interact strategically. Finally, hegemonic war does change and threaten the stability and structure of the international system.
“In summary, according to Thucydides, a great or hegemonic war, like a disease, follows a discernible and recurrent course. The initial phase is a relatively stable international system characterized by a hierarchical ordering of states with a dominant or hegemonic power. Over time, the power of some subordinate state begins to grow disproportionately; as this development occurs, it comes into conflict with the hegemonic state. The struggle between these contenders for preeminence and their accumulating alliances leads to a bipolarization of the system…As this bipolarization occurs the system becomes increasingly unstable, and a monic war, like a disease, displays discernible symptoms and follows an inevitable course.” (594-5). | <urn:uuid:aed688f3-e9b9-4072-ba3a-28d19173d124> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://toprovenothing.blogspot.com/2008/10/gilpin-theory-of-hegemonic-war.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246654687.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045734-00153-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893193 | 395 | 2.53125 | 3 |
What if I say the quality of your life depends on how you perceive money. Much like the quality of your life is affected by how you might perceive relations.
Money is nothing but a record of value you create. When someone offers you Rs 100 for some task, that amount is nothing but a record of value created. You can spend that money on soda or buying a lottery ticket. You can also choose to store that money under your pillow or keep in the bank to earn some interest on it.
That is a simple definition of money. But depending on how you earn it, you might give it your own meaning. If you win some money on the lottery ticket you bought that is easy money. You will spend it likewise. If it is hard earned money you might spend it so. Poor spend it for instant gratification, the rich invest it, shopaholics spend it impulsively. Nothing is wrong with that, but the various ways people spend money makes it even difficult to understand what money really means.
Hence often money is not seen from an objective lens. Its meaning remains vague.
But here is one way to look at money. Whether you keep money under your pillow or in your bank, money is nothing but the value you created by working hard or winning a lottery, doesn’t matter. Money you have is the “inventory” of value you create. This value can be exchanged for value you need to make your life easy. That air travel ticket, that movie ticket, rent, buy burger etc. How much inventory of is enough? Only so much that you don’t have to make those difficult decisions or compromise in your life. | <urn:uuid:f4fb9f3a-df8a-4baa-baed-fdbb394d5000> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://alokkavthankar.com/2020/06/08/how-one-should-value-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710192.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127041342-20221127071342-00442.warc.gz | en | 0.971024 | 340 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Mountaineering is the set of activities that involves ascending mountains.
Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas. Sport climbing and Bouldering and even Dry Tooling are also considered mountaineering by some.
Unlike most sports, mountaineering lacks widely-applied formal rules, regulations, and governance; mountaineers adhere to a large variety of techniques and philosophies when climbing mountains. One of the various techniques is Dry Tooling too. | <urn:uuid:c5024e23-92a2-4f13-bf0b-517f62dbe1e1> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://olympusmountaineering.com/tag/epos-fylis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038062492.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411115126-20210411145126-00195.warc.gz | en | 0.958989 | 104 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Can this be avoided? When that happens, it would be the first occurrence of such an event for a major global city. To put that into perspective, you can take the average amount of water that Americans use: 80 to 100 gallons. When this is no longer the case, law loses all legal force. Must Read– Meaning, Nature And Scope Of International Relations, Though Realism theory in International relations has emerged after the 1930s, the concept of realism has its own ancient tradition. The second important feature of the Kuwaiti pension scheme is that it is fully funded. Central to the realist tradition is the concept of “security.” Realism sees the insecurity of states as the main problem in international relations. This means that the scheme is kept sustainable and solvent. Kuwait is also one of the few countries that consider a job and a home to be a basic constitutional right. This is so because it seemed to provide an important framework for understanding the collapse of the post-World War I in the series of aggression from the Far East and Europe, World War II, and the Cold War. Another advantage for realism was an empirical one, the ability to explain the Cold War by applying the famous concept of ‘balance of power’ to the foreign policy of both the US and the Soviet Union. This book was also considered as a guidebook which told that what a prince should actually be and the ways he should wield his power in order to gain and maintain his sway over his state. The city is quickly closing in on what has been dubbed as “Day Zero“: the day when the city will run out of its water. We find the concept of realism in the writings of several political thinkers such as-. He said that “…it (the state) can always grow bigger; it feels weak so long as there are others stronger than itself. No wonder there is a great debate-the great debate that arises regarding the perspective. Realism and Neo-Realism 1166 Words | 5 Pages. Also, interdependency creates economic, social and political bonds that can turn out to be hard to untie. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. First of all, with regard to neorealism, because it tries to create a scientific theory it has to simplify all the assumptions. From the above discussion about Realism Theory In International Relations, it can be concluded that the main key areas of realism are Power and capabilities of the state, National Interest, seeking security for survival in international anarchy and state is the unitary actor in the international politics. Niccolo Mechiavelli, an Italian philosopher wrote a famous book called “The Prince”. The crisis in Cape Town is a crystal clear warning to us, and one that will likely be not be given the consideration it is due. However, nothing is in fact perfect, and certainly realism is not the exception. It is better to adopt such policies as would enable one to survive and live to fight another day”. Other states in the world are fully aware of this fact, and that if they bust a mafia-state, another will replace it within weeks. As, Guide to International Relations II: Marxism and Constructivism. The crisis that the people in Cape Town are facing is not sudden by any standards. The concept of relativity that realists like to use so much takes away any ground for meaningful action: if our thought is conditioned by our status or interest, then both thought and action become purposeless and non authentic. Indeed the advocates of Neo – Realism contend that it is an analytical approach with marked strengths compared to Post – Modernism, Realism, and all the other theoretical approaches used to study politics (Leftwich, 2004, p.23). Plans are also being made to store emergency water in military installations. The main goal of all states is to increase their power through self-defense and military development. International Relations 2. Secondly, try to explain the tendency to interpret international relations through political and military relations, through political realism and economic tradition. You need to save water as if your life depends on it because it does” were her words. 6)https://seapiracy.einnews.com/article/406654813/_j2VsuC3itgcmo3C?lcf=YCp5Ip9ztVBQmLVnDO55vXzEICMe6RFJuBE3DVQzur8%3D, Dolphin Discovery is the only park with the AZA accreditation in Punta Cana, Azul Talavera Hotel: the perfect place for your next holidays in Puebla, Ibiza: not only a destination for young people but also a natural paradise with dream beaches, exclusive locations, and luxury villas, Holiday in Italy: choose Florence for a break in the winter, Everything you need to know for your tourist Australian visa, Most Effective Tips For Booking Cheaper Flights, The country’s welfare system is built upon the principle that the nation’s wealth should be shared among the people. Theme “Major International Relations Theories” Lecture 1. President George W. Bush first used the terms “failed states” or “rogue states”, during his office. “No one should be showering more than twice a week at this stage. But they have never been able to explain international relations through structure. In this book, he described the intellectual forerunner of realpolitik. The conflict between almost all the nations of the world proved that a conflict of interests does exist on the international level. In fact, in this book of Chanakya, a broader section discusses foreign policy, defense, and war issues. The state is a rational unitary actor which acting under the consideration of its own national interest. In many other countries, state pension funds are paying out money as fast as they can get it in, creating uncertainty for the future. The key to understanding international politics is the concept of interest defined in terms of power. Available worldwide in paperback on Amazon (UK, USA, Ca, Ger, Fra), in all good book stores, and via a free PDF download.Find out more about E-IR’s range of open access books here. While many of these characteristics can be generalized as being synonymous with the two theories, both theories make a separate distinction in what specifically constitutes an actor. According to him, political realism will be established through a critique perspective and will look at real events as a result of their causality and consequence. Know More.. A single flush of a toilet amounts to 2 gallons, and a 90 second shower could use up 4 gallons. In one case, Hungary’s government allegedly funneled money from the Central Bank to friends and family.” Prime Minister Viktor Orbán learned from the report (4) that “Hungary loses 200 billion forints every year due to the corruption that exists in public procurement cases.”. Each of these super powers tried to overcome the rise of the other by developing its own influence in different geographical regions. First of all, there is the way that it is financed. Rogue states seem more adapted because, if they are failed states in the sense that they do not carry out their mission, they are not failed for everyone. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism. E.H Carr and Hans J. Morgenthau are the inventors of classical realism in international relations. It suspects not only the food to be sidetracked and sold on the black market, but also to be requested in excessive numbers – the Polisario front claims it holds up to 200 000 refugees but has systematically refused census, leading humanitarian donors to believe the figures are doubtful. Although a highly diverse body of thought, it is unified by the belief that world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors pursuing power. Political Realism and Liberalism The Story of Confrontation and Inter- action January 15th, 2015 Anna A. Dekalchuk, Lecturer at the Department of Applied Politics, Higher School of Economics – St. Petersburg “The conclusion of this case will actually tell us whether it is now conceivable, on the judiciary level, that international shipping industry – which carries 90% of global trade – become hostage to some form of unprecedented and increasingly vicious political piracy,” wrote Philippe Delebecque (6), a French judge specializing in maritime affairs. In fact, first warnings against the occurring were given out in the 1990s which were largely ignored. Realism theory in international relations is the most dominant school of thought after World War II and until now it has relevance in the present international politics. The center points of realism are State, Power, and Self-Interest. It was also a method of establishing the dominance of a powerful state. The ideals that these thinkers say, such as the end of the war through collective security, the management of foreign policy through the consent of the people instead of diplomacy, are all but attempts to protect the interests of the winning group. Hardly, at the general level. So, in the best cases, neighboring countries let it be; in the worst cases, they get involved in the graft. The most important reason why realism was immediately influential had to do with its explanatory power on the causes of the Second World War, mainly by destroying the idea that there is an international harmony of interests between states. International relations is the discipline that is dynamic. what are the strengths and weaknesses of realism as a theory for international relations? There are six dams that supply water to the city and are currently 25.8 per cent full. Realists argue that States are the only key players in the international system, yet we have non-state actors, with none While some do indeed strive to carry out their stated mission and serve the people they claim to represent, some other are merely mafia groups with a political cover, which deal in various traffics and racketeering. In the domestic sphere, the problem of order and security can be solved. Despite this good review, realism has some empirical limitations as well. NIM: 016201200005 3) https://euobserver.com/political/136664 The Kuwaiti welfare system is a prime example of the potential power of redistribution of wealth. For example, sovereignty is based not only on a states’s capability (power) but mainly on the recognition of its right to exist. From the normative point of view, realism has the weakness of being sterile. Following Hobbes’s statement, ideas of unending and perpetual anarchy in the state of nature and the endless struggle for survival have brought in international relations. According to him, the theory will be realistic, independent, insightful, and consistent with empirical reality. It considers the real, harsh world conditions and tries to mold policy under those circumstances without trying to change them. An analysis on International Relations theory has proven that realism for a fact has some weaknesses but still I root for the theory for bringing awareness and understanding of the time we live in and also the concept of realism has being relevance in the understanding of the society and the world at large, giving an idea of how to deal with situations at hand. Mearsheimer J., Waltz K., Keohane R., Morgenthau H., Buzan B., Wendt A., Bull H., – articles, books, interviews. The fact that Jean-Jacques Rousseau speaks of the state’s role in describing the international situation in his ‘The State of War‘ article is largely in line with the realist statements of recent times. Realism is one of the dominant perspective in international relations. Sovereign states respect treaties whenever it is in their interest. Institutions reduce uncertainty, transaction costs and more importantly the security dilemma. From a normative perspective, change in the international system is not a consequence of legislation but of the threat of conflict or war. Hungary was bashed this year, along with the rest of EU low-performers, for dropping sharply in the EU’s good governance ranking, as reported by Nicolaj Nielsen, for the EU observer (3): “Bulgaria scored the worst among EU states with 41, followed by Greece (44), Italy (47), Romania (48), Hungary (48), and Croatia (49). Mafia states are here to stay, because the mafia creates the state, and not the other way around. Pragmatic foreign-policy voices are always being upstaged by grandiloquent pronouncements from those promising to stand up to dictators and spread democracy. In the wake of the NATO intervention in Afghanistan, billions of dollars were poured into the country in reconstruction efforts, based on the belief that if the population was schooled and busy at work, they would be less likely to join rebel ranks. The idea was good, but most of the massive funds were sidetracked to line officials’ pockets and Afghanistan is pretty much in the same shape as it was before the program, if not worse. “It is quite unbelievable that a majority of people do not seem to care and are sending all of us headlong towards Day Zero” she said, adding, “We have reached a point of no return.”. Mafia states use the cover of darkness or, better still, a politically activist stance. Realism had gained its popularity from the late 1930s and early 1940s when the idealist approach … Is Public Administration a Science or Art? Increasing power and assure security is the goal of a state but survival is the precondition to attaining this goal. Business Insider covered the subject (1): “All districts receive central government budget to cover salaries of front-line forces,” reporter Jessica Purkiss wrote for the Bureau. View Notes - Advantages and Disadvantages of Realism Notes from MKTG 250 at Humber College. However, realism created the foundations for this new theoretical approach. Politics is governed by objective laws which have their root in human nature. However, the book is more a criticism of contemporary idealism than a discussion of the theory of international relations. He said in his book that “ …a Prince, and especially a new prince, cannot observe all these things which are considered good in men, being often obliged, in order to maintain the state, to act against faith, against charity, against humanity, and against religion.”. In exploring the cause of this war, he shows how Athens’s ability to grow and the lack of a sense of Spartan security led to a totalitarian movement throughout Greece. He believes that the science of international relations will be made through the tradition of real-life events and by the proper application of meaningful law. The difference is that neoliberalism focuses on cooperation rather than conflict. Just as Classical Realism suggests that we should not overly emphasize scientific methods in our rationale, we should not over-indulge in human nature’s passion for power to explain the events of international relations. In other words, to play the game and adhere to basic governmental principles. According to both, the dominant units (states) exist in anarchy and are shaped by this structure. Both of them see states as being rationally involved on a strategic level. In the discipline of International Relations (IR), realism is a school of thought that emphasises the competitive and conflictual side of international relations. Neoliberalism was created to overcome the criticism that began in the realism discourse, due to its failure to acknowledge the importance of economics in international relations and the changing role of the establishment of different non state actors or establishment in the context of changing economics. It indeed counts with limitations One example of realism. It is caused because of the many differences of view in looking at the way international relations itself. Both governments were also embroiled in scandals last year. A sovereign state is a principal actor in international politics. Before we even attempt to realize the impacts of climate change that are thrown into the faces of some community who then serve as the unfortunate examples of what’s going to happen, another repercussion pops up into the frame at the cost of another unsuspecting community, a country, or even a city. The country’s welfare system is built upon the principle that the nation’s wealth should be shared among the people. 2) http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/ In this move, the argument that human nature is power-seeking is replaced by the assumption that the state is rational. Kuwait’s social pension system features three unique characteristics, which set it apart from most. Realism is a school of thought in international relations which theorizes international politics and relations. There are mainly two objectives of neo-realism. Nevertheless, even conflicts are put under value/ethical considerations based on power distribution. In addition to oil, there are a few other, Because of this generous welfare system, as many as 90% of Kuwaitis are considered to be middle class. Realism has been long claimed by its followers to be the ablest theory of international relations to comprehend the world’s reality. The basic outlines of Realism In International Relations, Origin of Realism Theory in International Relations, Meaning, Nature And Scope Of International Relations, Political Culture: Meaning, Features, 3 Types, and importance, 7 Most Important Determinants of Foreign Policy. That’s in theory: in practice, a handful of states in the world behave like mafias, and get away with it. This is much higher than the rates available in many other countries. The strengths and weaknesses of the realist paradigm for the analysis of International Politics in the Middle East Hans J. Morgenthau’s ‘ Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace’ is the finest book in the classical realist theory. In pursuing his own interest, the individual pursues the interest of the community. Those who wish to maintain the status quo present violence as immoral, while those who could have an interest in military engagement or in regime change will find ethical justifications for violence (see humanitarian intervention). The distribution of the capabilities of the units in the system. Naturally, Athens destroyed the Melos and establishes itself. In addition, Chanakya’s advice is that peace is much more desirable than war and the king will behave properly in victory or defeat. There are also different processes, activities and developments that are happening in the international relations that are beyond the scope of realism. He further noted that the main constitutive principle of international affairs is the anarchy and the absence of international authority. In addition to oil, there are a few other valuable natural resources that Kuwait profits from. An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, 1946; Scholars: Marxism is also a theory in international relations based on the same economic theory that emerged from the works of Karl Marx. Political Realism has been described as the “oldest theory” of international politics, as well as the “dominant” one. 5) http://www.eubulletin.com/4018-exclusive-olaf-report-reveals-diversions-of-eu-aids-to-western-sahara.html Disadvantage: Realism. This second article of our three part series on International relations deals with realism. The main cause of this anarchy and endless struggle in the state of nature lies in the basic characteristics of human nature. But that must be put into perspective with the endless list of allegations and accusations carried against it, regarding the Polisario’s management of refugee camps in Algeria for example. One the greatest strengths of Classical Realism is that it recognizes the similarities between the domestic political sphere and the global political sphere. The Kuwaiti system stands as evidence that it is possible to institute a very generous welfare program, while still encouraging economic growth and prosperity. The event currently underway in Cape Town could be aptly described as probably its worst drought in nearly a century, one that has seen its people and authorities struggle to obtain water in the wake of depleting natural sources in order to sustain even their daily hygiene rituals. There are several principal theories of international relations that prove useful in evaluating foreign policies. As Fahad Al Rajaan, the director general of the Public Institution for Social Security puts it, “if you look at these… elements, it is evident that we are in a much better position than many countries in the world.”. “Day Zero”, originally estimated to occur on April 22, was more recently moved up to April 12 with Cape Town’s 4 million strong population finding it difficult to adjust to the demands of reduced consumption. Coupled with the drought that the population is currently facing, the strain on the resources for water has increased. As an oil-rich nation in one of the most oil-rich areas of the world, Kuwait has always been a nation capable of generating a huge amount of money relative to its size. The drought in turn arises from climate change and the El Nino effect. The political sphere is autonomous, meaning that the key question in international politics is ‘How does this policy affect the power of the nation?’. There are currently many centers of power out there that call themselves sovereign states but that are not functionally part of the international system since they are not recognized by most actors. Many analysts, including Al-Rajaan, consider this to be the primary reason why the Kuwaiti pension scheme is one of the best in the world. Law is binding not because humans have a natural tendency towards order or other utopian values but because authority enforces its obedience. These theories explain international relations in some element or combination of them. Afghanistan is, still today, one of the most prominent examples of how to get personally rich by pretending to represent people. In a world of International Relations theory dominated by discussions of globalisation, interconnection, capitalism, … One main factor identified behind the crisis and its scale is the city’s population of about 4 million individuals, which has seen a high rate of growth over the years and is still growing strongly. On the international level, the anarchic structure dictates that units (states) are independent, under no central authority. However, even in this case the imperialistic path is justified only by the necessity to protect the state against future potential threats. The theory’s inability to explain the end of the Cold War, however, brought strength and momentum to the Liberalism theory. | <urn:uuid:94c134a2-9a49-465d-9ed8-c7f86b53755f> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://cristalflex.com.br/articles/strengths-of-realism-in-international-relations-d630b5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703527224.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121163356-20210121193356-00508.warc.gz | en | 0.958223 | 4,591 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A large share of American voters strongly oppose redistribution. They would prefer to cut welfare spending rather than increase taxes. Despite a sharp increase in income and wealth inequality in the last 40 years, this opposition to redistribution has remained stable (Ashok et al. 2015). There is “a world of difference” between redistributive policies and preferences in the US and Europe (Alesina and Glaeser 2004). This has been an important theme in political economy (Alesina et al. 2016, Benabou and Tirole 2006, Picketty 1995).
In a recent article in the New York Times, David Brooks (2017) asked why American voters support policies against their economic self-interest:
“… my stab at an answer would begin in the 18th and 19th centuries. Many Trump supporters live in places that once were on the edge of the American frontier. Life on that frontier was fragile, perilous, lonely and remorseless…discipline and self-reliance were essential…In their view, government doesn't reinforce the vigorous virtues. On the contrary, it undermines them.”
We agree. We argue that opposition to redistribution in the US is part of a culture of 'rugged individualism' rooted in the history of the frontier.
In a recent paper (Bazzi et al. 2017), we investigate the thesis that the American frontier fostered individualism. This was first advanced by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893. We examine this frontier thesis at the subnational level, and identify its long-run implications for culture and politics. Historically, frontier locations have had distinctive populations and greater individualism. Many decades after the closing of the frontier, those demographic differences had disappeared, but the cultural legacy persists. Locations that spent more time on the frontier historically exhibit more pervasive individualism and opposition to redistribution today.
The frontier in American history
The early history of the US was one of rapid westward expansion. Until the late 19th century, its territory contained vast tracts of open land. The frontier that divided settled and unsettled locations strongly influenced American culture, fostering the development of rugged individualism – a distinctive combination of individualism and opposition to government intervention.
In our research, we use historical data and modern GIS methods to locate the frontier and track its evolution over time. Following historical sources, we define the frontier line at each time as the line at which population density dropped below two people per square mile. We then define frontier locations as those that were within 100 km of the frontier line, with population density below six people per square mile.
Figure 1 Population density and the frontier line, 1790 and 1890
Frontier populations had distinctive characteristics. They were disproportionately male, prime-age, illiterate, and foreign-born. They also had much higher levels of individualism, as captured by the prevalence of uncommon names for their children. The idea behind this creative measure proposed by Twenge et al. (2010) is that individualistic types usually avoid common names (fewer Johns and Sarahs), which reflect a desire to fit in, and instead choose infrequent names (more Rufuses and Lucindas), reflecting a desire to stand out. This measure fits the social psychological definition of individualism well: the primacy of self-interest, the emphasis on self-reliance, and the regulation of behaviour by personal attitudes rather than social norms.
Differences in demographics and individualism are associated with both defining features of the frontier – low density and isolation. But the frontier was not just statistically different. It was a qualitatively distinct type of society. This can be seen, for example, in the structural breaks in sex ratios and infrequent names at low levels of population density.
Figure 2 Skewed sex ratios and individualism on the frontier
Source: Bazzi et al. (2017).
The frontier presented a unique set of opportunities and challenges. The abundance of land and other natural resources offered many opportunities for profit if they were properly exploited. On the other hand, frontier settlers had to rely on themselves. They often faced multiple threats, including droughts, blizzards, plagues, crop failures, attacks from wild animals, and conflict with Native Americans.
These conditions fostered the distinctive cultural features of the frontier through three key forces:
- Selective migration: Frontier locations attracted people willing and able to thrive in harsh conditions. We are able to show that, among native-born Americans, the individualistic types – proxied by infrequent names for their children – were more likely to migrate to the frontier.
- Adaptive advantage of individualism: Self-reliance was important for protection and to improve living conditions. The innovativeness associated with individualism was useful in coping with novel and uncertain conditions. Individualistic types had greater socioeconomic status and endurance on the frontier.
- Preferences against redistribution: Land abundance and remoteness created the expectation of upward mobility through effort. This would nurture hostility to redistribution. The frontier had relatively low land inequality, high rates of wealth accumulation and high social mobility.
Frontier locations attracted individualistic types, and, in turn, the frontier’s unique natural and social conditions nurtured individualism. The forces were complementary and mutually reinforcing. For instance, a greater adaptive advantage of individualism on the frontier would induce more selective migration of individualists. On the other hand, selective migration of individualists to the frontier would increase the advantage of this trait because, in a society of individualists, collectivistic norms have limited value.
The long-run effects of the frontier on culture and politics
The high levels of individualism on the frontier could have dissipated, but they did not. Rather, frontier experience has shaped the long-run evolution of culture. The early settlers in frontier locations established the conditions for cultural evolution. In the presence of multiple equilibria and path dependence, this formative period was a critical juncture, and frontier experience left a lasting legacy.
To investigate the long-run effects of frontier experience, we measure the number of years that each US location spent on the frontier between 1790 and 1890. The duration of exposure to frontier conditions determined the scope for the three mechanisms through which rugged individualism thrived on the frontier. In other words, total frontier experience determined the intensity of the imprint of frontier culture in each location.
Figure 3 Total frontier experience
Source: Bazzi et al. (2017).
We find that total frontier experience led to persistently higher levels of rugged individualism. Counties that spent a longer time on the frontier still display:
- Higher individualism several generations after the closing of the frontier, reflected in infrequent names in the mid-20th century, and survey responses in the early 1990s.
- Stronger opposition to redistribution and public spending, measured through various surveys capturing different notions of government intervention during the last 20 years.
- Lower property taxes in 2010, a policy outcome that is key to funding local public goods.
- Stronger support for the Republican party in presidential elections since 2000.
- Stronger opposition to contentious government regulations; in this case, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), increases in the minimum wage, a ban on assault rifles, and regulation of CO2 emissions.
Figure 4 Total frontier experience and Republican votes
Source: Bazzi et al. (2017).
Republican Party support can be used as a rough proxy for opposition to redistribution and big government. These themes are prominent across the party’s policy platforms today, and have become increasingly salient due to increased political polarisation. This may explain why the association between historical frontier experience and contemporary Republican support increases in the 2000s, with a particularly large frontier legacy in the 2016 election.
The four contentious government regulations we consider offer further insight into the cultural legacy of the frontier. These four policies create partisan debate today, and can be linked to historical features of frontier life. For example, a strong belief in upward mobility through effort rather than luck might generate opposition to higher minimum wages and the ACA. Similarly, the need for self-defence would inspire opposition to gun regulation, and notions of 'manifest destiny' might lead to opposition to pollution regulation. Interestingly, even accounting for individual-level support for the Republican Party, those in areas with greater historical frontier experience still have greater opposition to these regulations.
"More and more American"
The comparison between US and European attitudes to individualism and opposition to tax redistribution has attracted a lot of attention. Our research establishes the significance of the frontier in American history. In 1893, F J Turner noted that initially “the Atlantic coast…was the frontier of Europe,” but “the advance of the frontier has meant a steady movement away from the influence of Europe,” and ultimately “moving westward, the frontier became more and more American.”
The deep roots of opposition to redistribution in the US might explain its persistence, even in the face of rising inequality. Opposition to government intervention and growing political polarisation may reflect not only a reaction to current events, but also long-standing attitudes that are a part of American culture.
Alesina, A, E Glaeser (2004), Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe: A World of Difference, Oxford University Press.
Alesina, A, S Stantcheva, S, E Teso (2017), “Intergenerational Mobility and Preferences for Redistribution”, NBER working paper 21529.
Ashok, V, I Kuziemko, E Washington (2015), “Support for Redistribution in an Age of Rising Inequality: New Stylized Facts and Some Tentative Explanations”, NBER working paper 21529.
Bazzi, S, M Fiszbein, M Gebresilasse (2017), “Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of ‘Rugged Individualism’ in the United States,” NBER working paper 21997.
Benabou, R and E A Ok (2001), “Social Mobility and the Demand for Redistribution: The Poum Hypothesis”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(2): 447–487.
Brooks, D (2017), “What’s the Matter with Republicans?” New York Times, 4 July.
Piketty, T (1995), “Social Mobility and Redistributive Politics”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 110(3): 551–584.
Twenge, J M. E M Abebe, W K Campbell (2010), “Fitting In or Standing Out: Trends in American Parents’ Choices for Children’s Names, 1880–2007”, Social Psychological and Personality Science 1: 19–25.
Turner, F J (1893), "The Significance of the Frontier in American History". | <urn:uuid:7319ef84-4006-4426-9a3a-10585ba9d92e> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/individualism-and-opposition-redistribution-us-cultural-legacy-frontier?qt-quicktabs_cepr_policy_research=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711232.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20221208014204-20221208044204-00625.warc.gz | en | 0.929774 | 2,250 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Beach advisories and beach closures occur when water testing reveals the presence of one or more contaminants that exceed healthy standards.
A beach advisory leaves it up to users as to whether they wish to risk going into the water. In the case of a beach closure, the state and/or local government decides that water conditions are unsafe for swimmers and other users.
How can beach-goers avoid the disappointment of arriving at their summer vacation destination only to find that authorities advise them not to swim there or that the beaches are closed altogether?
Unfortunately, there is no central database that provides information on beach closures and advisories in real time. The best way to find information on the current water quality of a particular beach is to plan ahead.
In some cases, warning signs will be posted to alert people of the potential risk of illness from contact with the water. Signs may be placed for short-term problems or more permanent ones, when, for example, repeated monitoring indicates ongoing contamination.
Common Culprits Leading to Beach Closures and Advisories
Common culprits leading to beach closures and advisories include excessive rainwater that carries pollution from storm drains (like motor oil, pet waste, pesticides, trash, and pathogens) to recreational waters; “red tides” and other harmful algal blooms; and sewage and chemical spills from known sources. It is generally wise to avoid swimming after heavy rains or if the water is an unusual color without first checking with local or state health authorities.
In the Gulf of Mexico, NOAA’s Harmful Algal Bloom Operational Forecast System identifies potentially harmful blooms of the toxic alga Karenia brevis, where the blooms are, how big they are, and where they are likely to go. The toxins produced by the algae become airborne when waves break along the beach during a bloom, causing eye, throat, and nose irritation in most beach-goers, but more severe reactions in people with asthma and other respiratory issues.
Forecasts are distributed through conditions reports and bulletins. Conditions reports, which include forecasts of potential levels of respiratory irritation associated with blooms of the alga K. brevis in the near-term, are posted twice a week after confirmation of a HAB, and once weekly during the inactive HAB season. Additional bloom analysis is included in harmful algal bloom bulletins that are emailed to a subscriber list of state and local coastal resource managers, public health officials, and researchers. In many cases, NOAA’s harmful algal bloom data contribute to authorities’ decision to post a beach closure or advisory.
NOTE: The Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health (BEACH) Act addresses contaminants in coastal recreational waters. The BEACH Act set national water quality monitoring and reporting standards, creating uniformity throughout the nation that did not exist prior to its passage. States, tribes, territories, and local governments decide whether to close or reopen a beach, and are required to report the information to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
#water #beaches #conservation #TSF | <urn:uuid:54c44046-9ebf-4eed-9d32-4773755d285b> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://www.thesuperfins.com/what-are-beach-advisories-and-beach-closures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143079.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217175826-20200217205826-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.928813 | 627 | 3.5 | 4 |
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Missing concept in Scala standard library: Intervals?
Wed, 2011-10-19, 23:17
Are Intervals sufficiently common to add to the standard scala library?
For an ordered type T, we can define an Interval[T].
* It has two ends, which might be open (unbounded) or closed (bounded
at a value).
* Closed bounds might be inclusive or exclusive of the bound
Ranges can be used as intervals. We can test whether objects are
within the interval. We can find the union and intersection of
intervals. Similar to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(mathematics) but extending
beyond numbers to other ordered objects.
Widely useful? (I think so, given that Im raising the topic) | <urn:uuid:dab6f8a5-dc5b-4bde-9224-3665c4a2abef> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://www.scala-lang.org/old/node/11321 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257823805.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071023-00209-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.789258 | 243 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The findings, published in the February 20 issue of AIDS, note that the levels of antiretrovirals found in the hair of patients on treatment correlated strongly with levels of HIV virus circulating in patients' blood.
"High levels of antiretrovirals in hair correlated with success in HIV viral suppression in treatment and did so better than any of the other variables usually considered to predict response," said the study's primary investigator, Monica Gandhi, MD MPH, assistant professor of medicine at UCSF's Positive Health Program at San Francisco General Hospital.
Typically, clinicians rely on either self-report by patients, pill counts or expensive medication dispensing devices to monitor how well patients are taking their pills as directed. These methods are highly patient dependent and have not been good predictors of treatment success.
Clinicians can draw blood and then measure plasma levels of medications, but since a single plasma level represents medication exposure only hours prior to the blood draw, this method has also not been a good predictor of viral suppression, according to Gandhi. Single drug levels can vary day-by-day for a single patient and may reflect improved pill-taking by patients just before clinic visits, she said.
Hair, which grows at a rate of about a centimeter a month, gives a reading of drug levels that reflects the rate of pill consumption sustained by patients over weeks, not days. Assessing an average level of drug exposure over time may be more predictive of treatment response than the "snapshot" of exposure provided by a single plasma level of medication, Gandhi said.
"Hair sampling for antiretroviral levels could become a new standard to look at how much drug a patient is getting—an equivalent in HIV clinical care of measuring hemoglobin A1C, the method used in diabetes to monitor average blood glucose levels," said study co-investigator, Ruth M. Greenblatt, MD, UCSF professor of clinical pharmacy and principal investigator of the Women's Interagency HIV study.
Researchers took 10 strands of hair from patients on HIV therapy from the back of the head. They cut the hair sample close to the scalp underneath the top layer of hair, marked the part farthest from the scalp with tape and wrapped the strands in aluminum foil. The sample was then stored at room temperature in a plastic bag until it was analyzed.
"This is a painless, bloodless, biohazard-free, method of collecting a stable specimen from HIV patients that may allow for the monitoring of levels of antiretroviral drugs absorbed over time and the prediction of treatment success," said Gandhi. "Our next step is to test this method in resource-limited settings where blood collection and viral load monitoring may be expensive and difficult. Not only could this method help in measuring pill-taking, but its strong correlation with viral suppression could allow its use as an inexpensive, non-invasive method of monitoring treatment success in particularly challenging settings."
Researchers from this group are also collaborating with public health researchers in testing hair to monitor pill-taking in clinical trials of single or dual antiretrovirals in high risk, HIV negative individuals to prevent infection with HIV (pre-exposure prophylaxis, known as PrEP, trials).
The 224 patients in this study were drawn from the Women's Interagency HIV study, an ongoing multi-center, prospective study of HIV-infected and at risk uninfected women established in 1994.
"Women taking antiretroviral medications may have more adverse events than men taking these regimens. The safety trials of these medications were conducted in trials consisting largely of men, and the highest tolerable amount of drug in order to successfully suppress HIV is usually recommended. One foreseeable use of this technique may be to fine-tune the amount of drug prescribed. We could measure drug levels in hair, find the level correlating with viral suppression, and then reduce the amount of drug prescribed if it was at a point exceeding the level needed for viral control, hopefully reducing toxicities," said Gandhi.
Jeff Sheehy | EurekAlert!
Resolving the mystery of preeclampsia
21.10.2016 | Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
New potential cancer treatment using microwaves to target deep tumors
12.10.2016 | University of Texas at Arlington
Researchers from the Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) at the University of Waterloo led the development of a new extensible wiring technique capable of controlling superconducting quantum bits, representing a significant step towards to the realization of a scalable quantum computer.
"The quantum socket is a wiring method that uses three-dimensional wires based on spring-loaded pins to address individual qubits," said Jeremy Béjanin, a PhD...
In a paper in Scientific Reports, a research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute describes a novel light-activated phenomenon that could become the basis for applications as diverse as microscopic robotic grippers and more efficient solar cells.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) has developed a revolutionary, light-activated semiconductor nanocomposite material that can be used...
By forcefully embedding two silicon atoms in a diamond matrix, Sandia researchers have demonstrated for the first time on a single chip all the components needed to create a quantum bridge to link quantum computers together.
"People have already built small quantum computers," says Sandia researcher Ryan Camacho. "Maybe the first useful one won't be a single giant quantum computer...
COMPAMED has become the leading international marketplace for suppliers of medical manufacturing. The trade fair, which takes place every November and is co-located to MEDICA in Dusseldorf, has been steadily growing over the past years and shows that medical technology remains a rapidly growing market.
In 2016, the joint pavilion by the IVAM Microtechnology Network, the Product Market “High-tech for Medical Devices”, will be located in Hall 8a again and will...
'Ferroelectric' materials can switch between different states of electrical polarization in response to an external electric field. This flexibility means they show promise for many applications, for example in electronic devices and computer memory. Current ferroelectric materials are highly valued for their thermal and chemical stability and rapid electro-mechanical responses, but creating a material that is scalable down to the tiny sizes needed for technologies like silicon-based semiconductors (Si-based CMOS) has proven challenging.
Now, Hiroshi Funakubo and co-workers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, in collaboration with researchers across Japan, have conducted experiments to...
14.10.2016 | Event News
14.10.2016 | Event News
12.10.2016 | Event News
21.10.2016 | Health and Medicine
21.10.2016 | Information Technology
21.10.2016 | Materials Sciences | <urn:uuid:76570f33-2ee1-45d3-a37d-af485b523150> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/medicine-health/hair-manage-hiv-aids-predict-treatment-success-128652.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935602 | 1,411 | 2.640625 | 3 |
- Meteorite Type: Iron, IIAB
- Weight: 48.2 grams
- Approximate Measurements: 36 mm x 33 mm x 12 mm
- Witnessed Fall: Yes. Feb. 12, 1947, Russia.
- Additional Information: Shrapnel fragment
Out of stock
These meteorite specimens acquired their unique surface characteristic during flight through our own atmosphere. They are known as a shrapnel specimen; a fragment which exploded during flight, due to atmospheric pressure or collision with another meteorite. | <urn:uuid:19c19dc3-e3f0-49f2-ad87-0e52c0339fb0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://aerolite.org/product/sikhote-alin-shrapnel-48-2g/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510924.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001173415-20231001203415-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.889023 | 124 | 2.625 | 3 |
Listening, observing, and imitating—all important to reading readiness—begin in the first year of life and accelerate. In the second year, between 18 and 24 months, a child’s vocabulary will increase from 50 simple words to more than 300.
Many of the activities we tend to think of as “classic” playtime activities with infants and toddlers, such as peek-a-boo, are also developing sensory and motor skills important for reading. Here are some basic activities and materials for developing toddlers’ reading readiness skills.
- Plan a regular time each day to read to and “with” your child. It’s no surprise or news to any parent that little ones enjoy hearing the same story read over and over. But there is a good reason. Repeated phrases make it possible for young children to participate by “reading” the repetitive part with an adult.
- Show books (paper and electronic) and magazines to babies/toddlers as early as their first year. Sure, they may not be interested for more than two minutes, but that’s fine. Their focus will grow. Let them also see you reading.
- Call your toddler’s attention to sounds, and then show or explain what made them. Things like engines running, trucks braking, dogs barking, leaves rustling, birds singing, and wind blowing, are all good examples. Also call out sounds around the house: vacuum cleaner, electric razor, mixer, furnace, footsteps, the cat’s purr. Connecting animals and animal pictures with the sounds they make is both time-tested fun and a great pre-reading activity. Starting in the second year, try “listening hunts.” Go to another room and imitate the sound of a dog barking or cat meowing. Say, “Find the dog (or cat).” Stay there until your little one crawls or walks to your location.
- Just before the age of one, a child can follow simple dressing directions. “Put your arm in the sleeve,” or “put on your hat.” This can be expanded into dress-up games such as “Let’s put grandma’s shoes on Jenny’s feet.” The child is having fun, learning body parts, and following directions.
- Play Show Me, Where, and Give. Ask “Where is the ___ (ball, table, bed, door, stroller),” “Show me the __ (scissors, cat, dog, stove, window),” and “Give me the ___ (bottle, apple, diaper, block, cup.) As the child grows and learns, expand this by adding other commands and varying the directions: Where is your mouth? Where is your hand? Stamp your foot. Raise your arms. Turn the pages of the book. Stand next to the chair. Games like Simon Says achieve similar results, and usually a few giggles, too. Learning materials that build focus, fine motor skills, and the ability to follow directions also contribute to reading readiness. | <urn:uuid:3c506b61-a006-44ff-ac52-0f5c689aa5e2> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.schoolzone.com/teaching-concepts/five-easy-ideas-for-getting-toddlers-ready-to-read | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247489729.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20190219081639-20190219103639-00365.warc.gz | en | 0.947692 | 647 | 3.828125 | 4 |
- Photo by dhester on morgueFile.com
Link to all Weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6
- Lines in Design
We will look at lines today with fresh eyes (I hope). Line can be defined as having a starting point and an end point and the connection between the two is what the line actually is.
Lines are quite an amazing tool for many creators: when drawing the caricaturist uses lines to create his mean contortions to display a fatter, bolder, thinner, long nosed, big mouthed version of his subject. A writer uses lines to create text filled with meaning.
A graph shows the changes in the economy and an arrow points at something.
Lines can be a powerful tool of expression and we will start today’s class with a blank sheet of paper and a pencil.
Draw 5 lines to express 5 concepts, themes or emotions. Below are examples:
- anything that you come up with …
What is a line?
A line is a fundamental design and art element. We describe the world around us with line drawings. We draw the contour or outline of objects and shapes that we see around us to define them on a sheet of paper, a canvas or other 2D platform. This was already established by our forefathers who used the walls of caves as their canvas to depict the world around them.
The illustration is by Viennese artist Egon Schiele (pronounced: Sheelah) and you notice how lines are used to display the outlines and expression of a man. The lines do not exist as such in life, a person does not have a contour line around them and their eyes are not two curved lines either.
So, lines are used as a form of expression. Lines are borrowed in drawings to create shapes and outlines.
The function of a line in design (and art) goes beyond that though.
First and foremost in an abstract sense a line is something that we perceive more than view. It gives us a sense of direction. In this sense lines seem to always have one or more directions.
- The swirls in the image are made up of numerous lines. Courtesy of: http://www.openprocessing.org
The lines in the image above seem to move from left to right if you are of a culture that reads from left to right.
Lines can be looked at by characteristics:
- Weight (darkness/thickness)
Lines can be looked at by their basic application:
- Outline describes the outer boundary of a two-dimensional shape.
- Contour is the use of line to define the edge of an object and emphasize the volume or mass of the form.
- Gestural lines are quick marks that capture the impression of a pose or movement.
- Implied lines are suggested or broken lines that are completed with your imagination through the concept of closure. An arrow is used to suggest a direction or path for the eye to follow.
- Calligraphy is beautiful, expressive marks. An expressive stroke freely uses the characteristics of line to convey emotion to the viewer, much like an individual’s handwriting changes with different moods.
- Analytical line is a formal use of line. Analytical line is closer to geometry with its use of precise and controlled marks. A grid is a very popular analytical use of visual line as a way to organize a design. The Golden Section is an example of the traditional use of analytical classical line, which uses calculated implied lines to bring unity to the structure of a painting composition.
- Modeling line is used to create the illusion of volume in drawing. Hatching is the use of parallel lines to suggest value change. Parallel lines on another angle can be added to create cross-hatching to build up a gradation and more value in areas of a drawing.
- Directional lines suggest movement or a path of vision and have specific connotations associated with them for example: Vertical lines suggest power and authority; horizontal lines suggest peace and tranquility. Together they give a feeling of calm and stability. Diagonal lines suggest tension; curved lines are graceful and fluid. Together they create a feeling of stress and movement.
Linear perspective can be applied to drawing to create the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface. (Source: http://www.onlineartcenter.com/line.html)
Lines in Design
Look at the example below of lines in design from a Google search:
Click on the image above and save 5 -10 images to inspire you to create a Photoshop generated image that displays lines as a rhythmic component.
Before you save the file and email it to me, make sure to include the Meta Data.
Below is an example of a Photoshop generated study incorporating a portrait of the US-American actress Grace Kelly (image can be found at: GettingCheeky) with straight lines at different angles and a wallpaper found on FreeFever.com.
Please leave your feedback in form of a comment. Your feedback and suggestions will help me to make this blog more user friendly. Thanks! | <urn:uuid:deab2cb4-97a3-4fa7-b351-b76746078054> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://classoffederico.com/2013/11/15/analyse-information-assign-meta-tags-week-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370493818.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329045008-20200329075008-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.935412 | 1,059 | 3.75 | 4 |
The security world is rife with TLAs (three-letter acronyms) and other terms that can seem incomprehensible. Even seasoned professionals struggle as different industries use the same acronyms to mean completely different things — IP to a lawyer is intellectual property, but to a network engineer, it’s the internet protocol.
To help clear up the confusion, we’ve compiled a list of common acronyms related to cybersecurity and cyber insurance, along with simple explanations and key takeaways to help you tackle these risks!
Funds Transfer Fraud (FTF)
FTF is a type of payment fraud used by attackers to steal money by manipulating payment mechanisms like invoices or wire transfers. Attackers socially engineer someone into making a payment or changing payment details like the destination account, often using email or phone calls.
These may come from sources that appear to be legitimate such as an email from a known business partner whose email address was spoofed or an urgent phone call that necessitates an unusual transfer.
- Security impact: The security breach here involves the social engineering attack and the resulting financial loss.
- How to protect yourself: Defined procedures for handling payment changes are the primary defense, such as calling recipients on a known good number to confirm (never use the contact information provided in an email requesting a change). Verification procedures like defined two-party approval for transfers or required reviews for payment detail changes also help combat the issue.
- Learn more: Read about FTF in the Coalition Learning Center.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
RDP, which allows a user to connect to a Windows computer remotely and control it as if they’re sitting in front of the screen, is a security nightmare.
RDWeb provides the same functionality but allows the user to connect using a standard web browser. RDWeb introduced some security benefits but has suffered several security failings and remains strongly correlated to the likelihood of a cyber attack, as we’ve seen in recent cyber claims.
- Security impact: RDP is subject to a variety of attacks, including the ability for RDP connections to be intercepted and the ability to get a remote computer to execute unauthorized programs. Since the computer running RDP is inside your network, this allows attackers internal access.
- How to protect yourself: Do not expose RDP or RDWeb directly to the internet; instead, it should only be accessible behind a virtual private network (VPN). Both the VPN and RDP or RDWeb should also require Multi-factor Authentication (MFA).
- Learn more: Read about RDP in the Coalition Learning Center.
Two-factor and Multi-factor Authentication (2FA, MFA)
A user’s identity controls access to computer systems. For example, Alice is authorized to access financial data but denied access to HR data, while Bob has access to project data but not accounting or financial data. Both users have to prove their identities using an authentication factor — something they know (a password), have (a trusted company-issued laptop), or a measurement of some biological characteristic (a fingerprint).
Username and password is a standard authentication technique but unfortunately easy to steal. 2FA and MFA add a second factor, like a randomly-generated code from a smartphone app, in order to gain access.
- Security impact: Unlike most terms explained here, this one’s a positive! Adding 2FA or MFA makes it significantly more difficult to gain unauthorized access to a user account. If a user is required to unlock their phone with a fingerprint to get a randomly-generated code, combined with their required password, then an attacker must steal three things to gain unauthorized access.
- How to protect yourself: Turn it on and implement it anywhere supported. Many common web apps like social media, online collaboration, and cloud services have built-in MFA (note that Google Workspace calls it 2 Step Verification). For custom apps that don’t support MFA natively, third party services like Okta and Duo offer an easy-to-implement solution.
- Learn more: Read about MFA in the Coalition Learning Center, including how to enable it on common business platforms.
Business Email Compromise (BEC)
BEC is a multi-pronged problem and one of the most prevalent data breach claims we see at Coalition. When an attacker accesses an employee’s email, this is known as BEC. To make matters worse, email is often a pathway to more severe attacks.
Think about all the things you use email for, like exchanging sensitive information or resetting passwords. Now imagine an attacker with those same capabilities.
- Security impact: Email’s prevalence in our daily lives means BEC’s impact cannot be overstated. Customer data may live in email and be accessed by unauthorized attackers. Unauthorized access to other systems can be gained by sending password resets via email. BEC can also lead to additional malicious activity like FTF by sending fake emails requesting or redirecting payments from a legitimate account.
- How to protect yourself: MFA is one of the most effective preventative measures against BEC because it makes it much more difficult to gain access. User training on anti-phishing measures is also useful, as BEC is often initiated by users giving up their username and password on a phishing site.
- Learn more: Read about BEC in the Coalition Learning Center.
Sender Policy Framework (SPF)
Wear sunscreen. Not a security tip, just super useful advice. But that’s not the SPF we’re talking about here. SPF is a setting you can add to your domain (your-company-name-dot-com) to specify which email servers can legitimately send email for you. To put it simply, it prevents someone from setting up an email server and sending messages on your behalf.
Closely related to SPF are DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) and Domain Message Authentication Reporting & Conformance (DMARC). In short, DKIM helps ensure emails aren’t altered in transit, while DMARC helps you specify how SPF and DKIM work together to secure your email. If this is too technical, don’t worry — check out this Coalition Learning Center article for specific instructions.
- Security impact: Without properly-configured SPF, anybody can forge an email to look like it comes from you. With SPF in place, a recipient’s email client (like Gmail or Outlook) can identify if a message is legitimate or not, which can prevent phony emails from reaching users.
- How to protect yourself: You’ll need two things to set up SPF. First is access to your domain hosting account (often with a service like GoDaddy or CloudFlare) and instructions from your email provider like Microsoft 365 or Google Workspace.
- Learn more: Read about email security topics in the Coalition Learning Center, including: SPF, DKIM, DMARC.
Making sense of it all
Security is fast-paced, and the terminology is a challenge. The acronyms and concepts in this guide are far from exhaustive, but explain some of the most common issues we see at Coalition in terms of questions, incidents, and insurance claims.
For specific questions or additional details, you can always reach us at firstname.lastname@example.org. We are happy to set up time to discuss how to improve your security and reduce your cyber risk.
For 10 simple steps you can take today to protect your business, download the Coalition Cybersecurity Checklist. | <urn:uuid:cb7e8386-7271-4503-9fd9-6bff34ac5057> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://solve-cyber-risk-coalition.ghost.io/cybersecurity-alphabet-soup-rdp-ftf-mfa-2fa-bec-and-spf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337529.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20221004215917-20221005005917-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.918788 | 1,565 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "Jobs/duties during Colonial times – Boys would attend school and then become an apprentice An apprentice lives with a tradesman and learn their craft such."— Presentation transcript:
Jobs/duties during Colonial times – Boys would attend school and then become an apprentice An apprentice lives with a tradesman and learn their craft such as blacksmith, silversmith, taylor, etc. – Girls would attend school and then stay home to learn how to run a household Females were in charge of domestic duties like cleaning, cooking, sewing and taking care of children.
Changing Times The Magna Carta limited the power of the king back in 1215 after King John exerted too much power. Many colonies were set up with the idea of Self-government because the King was so far away and wasn’t sure they would succeed. – Only white men could vote
Colonists expected to have the same traditional rights as all English citizens. In 1735 – Peter Zenger, Publisher of the New York Weekly Journal, was arrested for writing criticisms about the governor. He was charged with libel. He won his case and it helped establish the idea of Freedom of the Press in the colonies. | <urn:uuid:c3aa9c30-c334-4006-bd67-0730f0b13716> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/2550759/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818690340.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925055211-20170925075211-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.983105 | 248 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Mother Lode, belt of gold-bearing quartz veins, central Calif., along the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The term is sometimes limited to a strip c.70 mi (110 km) long and from 1 to 61/2 mi (1.6–10.5 km) wide, running NW from Mariposa. Popularly it is used to mean the gold-bearing area E of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and W of the Sierra Nevada. The discovery of alluvial gold on the South Fork of the American River led to the 1848 gold rush. Mark Twain and Bret Harte helped make the Mother Lode famous.
More on Mother Lode from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Metallurgy and Mining: Terms and Concepts | <urn:uuid:b9e8944b-c749-4b75-8878-4c1c3b9d8809> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/science/mother-lode.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997894473.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025814-00011-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.852587 | 159 | 3.5625 | 4 |
The portfolio has stocks, mutual funds, bonds, FDIC-insured deposits, and other things that are like cash. Portfolio management is the process of making an investment plan that strikes a balance between the need for high returns and an acceptable level of risk. When someone says they have a “portfolio,” they mean they have a collection of assets. This portfolio could help spread that risk out. As a result, risk diversification should not confuse with risk avoidance. Read on to discover everything there is to know about importance of portfolio management and to become a subject matter expert on it.
Portfolio management is the most important skill for successful investment management. Whether the client is an individual, a High-Net-Worth-Individual (HNI), or a multinational corporation (MNC) (Multinational Company). Investment objectives guide a lot of what can be invested in and how money is spent. Diversifying a portfolio by buying more assets with different qualities lowers the overall risk and makes it more likely that the portfolio will make a profit.
Top 10 – Importance of Portfolio Management
If you have any doubts about investing, you should seek unbiased, professional, and regulated advice. Before deciding on an investment strategy, consider not only your personal life goals, but also your risk tolerance, ethical investing stance, and investment horizon. All of these things affect your chances of getting a reward. Check out these importance of portfolio management to broaden your horizons.
In contrast to mutual funds, PMS investments are unaffected by the decisions made by thousands of individuals. The investor decides when to buy and sell and how to make those decisions (depending on the type of PMS chosen).
Taking Care of Bad Situations
A well-managed portfolio needs short-term investments that are easy to sell and a fund for emergencies. In times like these, it’s especially important to manage your portfolio well. It says that money should be moved from assets that aren’t doing well to ones that are doing well.
After the value of portfolio management has been established, questions may be asked about active portfolio management, passive portfolio management, and so on. A person can either learn how to manage their portfolio on their own or hire a professional to do it for them.
Plan your Taxes
Most people’s surplus cash is consumed by taxes, therefore they make every effort to minimize their tax obligations. So, you can get there with a well-thought-out plan and a well-managed portfolio. Importance of portfolio management is crucial for investors to effectively manage their investments, balance risks and returns, and achieve their financial goals.
PMS gives customized investment advice to clients to help them reach their financial goals. Both the investor and the portfolio manager can choose investments based on their own risk tolerances and how much money they want to make.
Transparent Fee Structure
When it comes to PMS investments, the clear fee structure (legally approved fee structure) and detailed breakdown of charges and expenses let you see exactly what you’re paying for. With a pricing structure based on performance and variable ticket prices, you have even more room to change your expense ratio.
Customizable Investment Solutions
When you manage your portfolio well, you can plan for and report on your progress toward your goals, as well as optimize your approach, expected return, and risk exposure.
Professional Management and Monitoring all the Time
In order to get the best long-term returns with the least amount of risk, the service offers expert portfolio management. Realizing that portfolios need to be reviewed and changed often is important for getting the best results. This is importance of portfolio management.
Costs Less and Saves Time
Some investors don’t have a strong financial base, but that is just one of many problems they face. Some people may find it hard to manage their money well, and others may find it hard to keep track of the things that affect their investments. Because of this, bad money management can be very expensive. That’s why it’s important to pay for portfolio management services, even though they can be expensive.
Cuts down on the Risk
Portfolio management reduces a lot of the risk that comes with an investing strategy. Because of this, the chance of making money grows. Even when risks are low, portfolio managers must plan for the worst, like a serious illness, a disability that lasts a lifetime, or even death. It is always preferable to invest your money in risk management products like term insurance, insurance riders, and so forth.
Better Investment Planning
Looking at your past investments can help you make better decisions about your current and future investments. A more thorough way to plan can take into account things like age, risk tolerance, income, and spending. The best way to avoid losing money is to make decisions based on what you know. Importance of portfolio management helps investors to identify and evaluate investment opportunities, and make informed investment decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the Keys to Managing a Portfolio of Projects Well?
Standard operating procedures, applications, and training are needed to make sure that data about portfolio analysis, decision making, goal setting, project status, project prioritization/ranking, and used/available resource capacity is spread as efficiently as possible.
What is a Portfolio Approach to Coming up with New Ideas?
A portfolio approach to innovation is a way to improve a strategic innovation process by looking at how a company’s current and future projects work together. As part of how your company comes up with ideas, a portfolio strategy can be very helpful.
Which is an Important Part of Revising a Portfolio?
Your portfolio will need to re-balance if your investment goals change. People may need to change their portfolios to match their new financial goals if their cash flow changes.
Putting together a portfolio is just the start of the work that needs to do. Passive management is better than active management because it makes the most money while minimizing risk. So, it’s just as important to keep an eye on a portfolio from time to time. Portfolio management is the process of actively buying and selling assets to make more money in less time. Read on to discover everything there is to know about importance of portfolio management and to become a subject matter expert on it. For a more extensive education on the advantages of portfolio management, keep reading. | <urn:uuid:ff3f637d-6874-4688-9cdf-f82196ab0c9e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://managementorship.com/importance-portfolio-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100399.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202105028-20231202135028-00824.warc.gz | en | 0.95057 | 1,306 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "Kitchen Cleanliness and Safety Guidelines!. Wash counter tops, tables and other work surfaces before you begin cooking. You never know what was left there."— Presentation transcript:
Kitchen Cleanliness and Safety Guidelines!
Wash counter tops, tables and other work surfaces before you begin cooking. You never know what was left there last hour! Keep work surfaces and utensils clean as you work. Wipe up spills right away. Thoroughly clean utensils and equipment after each use. Wash pots, pans, and dishes in hot soapy water as soon as possible after using them. Make sure your are letting things soak if they are baked on!
Wash tools and utensils that have been used on raw foods before you use them on cooked foods. This will prevent you from getting sick! Change dish towels, sponges and hand towels often. We wash them between every period.
Dispose of all food properly. We DO NOT have dishwashers or garbage disposals. NO PUTTING FOOD DOWN THE DRAIN! Clean up well after food preparation. Be sure work surfaces have been cleaned and sanitized. Dont forget to sweep crumbs from the floor. ONLY TAKE THE FOOD your ordered. Let your teacher know if something breaks. She will clean it up.
There will be no roughhousing/ running/ hitting. We are using boiling liquids and knives. Misbehavior will not be tolerated and will be punished in an appropriate fashion. It is your job to keep this room safe and clean. If you are not all doing your job with this, people risk injury or illness, and we will wreck our brand new room! Please be careful and ask questions if you need help! | <urn:uuid:992a440f-810b-42cb-a590-57084fce1e61> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/726863/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00437-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945611 | 359 | 3.328125 | 3 |
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Adriana_Noton]Adriana Noton
When electronics and their related accessories reach a point where they can no longer be used by a consumer, or a person no longer has a need for it, they have the ability to send the item to a recycler. A recycler will strip it for its parts and the parts will be disposed of in a manner that does not harm the environment. This helps keep toxic material out of landfills where they can leach into the soil and water table. One such computer printer component that can be disassembled for recycling or repair is the Ink Printer Cartridge. The computer company Hewlett Packard has a disassemble program for ink printer cartridges. As well, some people may want to disassemble their HP ink printer cartridge for repair.
The following is a guide on how to disassemble an HP Ink Printer Cartridge as outlined by Hewlett Packard in their guide on Product End-of-Life Disassembly:
1. Acquire a Torx screwdriver
2. Remove the cartridge from the printer.
3. Remove all the case parts of the cartridge
4. Remove the power supply, all carriages and unconnected harnesses that are free standing and not connected to anything.
5. Remove RIDS, ISS, SS
6. Remove the hanger, star wheel, ram drive, and support OP
7. Remove sensors, LF motor, pin linkage, feed roller, pick roller, and level and paper guides
8. Remove lever-bypass and lower paper guide
9. Remove the side wall left and side wall right
10. Remove P Lift and Kicker
When one sends a printer cartridge to be recycled, the ink cartridges, toner bottles, and drum units are broken up into small pieces so that they can be manufactured into other sorts of material. The cartridges are organized according to the plastic that they are composed of. Magnets are utilized to retrieve the metal out of the demolished components. All other components of the cartridges are forwarded to other recycling agencies so they can be separated and manufactured into other types of products. Printer cartridge components can be manufactured into many products such as steel products, industrial plastics, new cartridge toners, aluminum materials, and much more. As well, ink and toner are kept out of the landfills. If it was not for recycling, a lot of energy and pollution would be emitted which makes recycling ink printer cartridges very beneficial for the people, animals, communities, and the planet.
As we move towards a technology driven world, we have to implement initiatives to combat e-waste. When it comes to ink printer cartridges, companies such as Hewlett Packard are creating important programs to help protect the environment. As well, local governments and municipalities are implementing their own recycling programs. When you can no longer use your ink printer cartridge, be kind to the environment and do not throw it in the garbage. There many organizations that can take the cartridge and recycle it. When protecting and conserving our environment, we have to adapt to technological changes in order to make sure we have a green planet in the future. Recycling HP Ink Printer Cartridges is an easy way to create a sustainable environment.
Looking for great deals on a printer cartridge? Then make sure you visit Tons of Toner; one of the leading online supplies of ink and toners including [http://www.tonsoftoner.com/products/brother/index.htm]Brother printer toner, Lexmark ink, [http://www.tonsoftoner.com/products/hewlett_packard/index.htm]HP printer ink and much more at huge savings compared to retail prices.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Adriana_Noton http://EzineArticles.com/?How-to-Disassemble-an-HP-Ink-Printer-Cartridge&id=3143211
Start-Europe - 1 kompatible XL Patronen zu HP Cartrige für Nr. 364 BK DUENN - passt in die folgenden Drucker: HP Deskjet D5445 5460 Photosmart B8550 c5324 5370 5373 5380 5383 5388 5390 5393 C6300 Serie D5445 5460 5463 5468 7560 C309a C7380 premium Fax premium - OHNE Chip - es wird der funktionsfähige Originalchip benötigt - Top Tinte - Qualitäts Ersatzpatrone
HP Color LaserJet 3700dn Laserdrucker A4 16ppm 600dpi 128.0 MB Fast/Centr./USB ML PS HP LaserJet 8150N DIN-A3 Laserdrucker
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Refill - Druckerpatrone Nr. 15 für HP Drucker | <urn:uuid:e61f5241-fc0e-4616-9ebf-0508fa6dd844> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://hpprintersonline.blogspot.com/2009/11/how-to-disassemble-hp-ink-printer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982967784.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200927-00029-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.690566 | 1,640 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Synthesia is a video AI generator that utilizes artificial intelligence and machine learning to produce lifelike videos of people talking or singing as well as performing other activities. The technology behind Synthesia allows for realistic lip-syncing and facial movements to be produced in real-time even if the person in the video didn’t actually record the video. In this article we will examine how Synthesia operates as well as the advantages that come with video AI generators such as Synthesia and the potential uses for this technology.
Video Ai Enhancer
How Synthesia operates:
Synthesia employs deep learning techniques to analyse the audio of a person’s voice. Then, it synthesizes realistic lips and facial movements to match the audio. The process begins by recording an audio track of the person who is speaking or singing. This audio track is then analysed using machine learning algorithms to detect the sounds and phonemes in the spoken. After the phonemes are recognized, the system makes use of a neural network generate a sequence of facial movements that match the audio.
The neural network that Synthesia utilizes is a form of deep-learning algorithm capable of learning intricate patterns of data. It is comprised of several layers of artificial neural networks that process input data and produce output. In the scenario of Synthesia, the input data is the audio track, as well as the result is a sequence of facial motions.
To produce facial expressions, the neural network is trained on a vast collection of videos of people speaking or singing. The system is then trained to learn the relationships between the phonemes in the spoken word and the facial movements associated with those sounds. This process of training is known as supervised learning. In this process, the system is fed large quantities of data that is labeled and uses that data to determine how to create the output.
Once the neural network is trained, it is able to generate realistic facial movements and lip syncing in real time. Final video is made by combining the facial motions with a pre-recorded generated background.
Benefits of video AI generators like Synthesia:
There are several benefits when using video AI generators such as Synthesia.
It saves time and money: Video AI generators are able to reduce the time as well as money by reducing the need for live actors or performers. With Synthesia, videos can be generated quickly and quickly, with no the need for expensive equipment or production crews.
Customization: Video AI generators can be customized to suit specific needs. With Synthesia’s help, videos can be produced with various backgrounds as well as lighting and camera angles to give a particular look and feel.
Consistency: Video AI generators can offer a consistent style and feel across multiple videos. With Synthesia, videos can be created using similar facial movements and voices, providing an identical experience for viewers.
Scalability Video AI generators are able to be scaled down or up in accordance with the needs of the user. With Synthesia videos, they can be generated in large amounts and it is easy to create multiple variations of the exact video for different audiences.
Applications of video AI generators like Synthesia
There are several potential applications for video AI generators such as Synthesia:
Marketing and advertising: Video AI generators are able to create personalized video messages for marketing and advertising. With Synthesia, companies can make videos that feature an individual spokesperson or brand’s representative and brand ambassadors, without the need to hire live actors.
eLearning and training: Video AI generators can be used to create training and educational videos. With Synthesia, instructional video can be created with lifelike animations, making it easier for students to grasp complex concepts.
Entertainment Video AI generators can use to make realistic avatars for use in games and virtual reality experiences. With Synthesia, game developers can create realistic characters that talk and move like real people.
Customer service Video AI generators may be used to make customized video messages to provide customer service. With Synthesia, service representatives can create videos to address particular customer issues or concerns, resulting in a an experience that is more customized for the customer.
Accessibility video AI generators can be used to create videos that incorporate sign language or other types of visual communication which makes them accessible to those with hearing or speech impairments. With Synthesia videos, videos can be produced with real-life animations of sign language and make it easier for people with hearing impairments to comprehend the content.
Limitations of video Artificial Intelligence generators such as Synthesia:
Despite the many benefits that come with video AI generators like Synthesia, there are some limitations to this method of creation. One limitation is the lack of emotion in the videos that are generated. Although Synthesia can produce realistic facial expressions and lip syncing, it is unable to convey the subtle emotional expression that a live actor or performer conveys.
Another limitation is the potential for misrepresentation or misuse of the technology. Like any other technology it is possible there is a chance that video AI generators such as Synthesia might be used in order to create false or inaccurate content. This could have grave implications for fields like politics or journalism.
Synthesia is an example of the potential for video AI generators to transform how we create as well as consume video content. Utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning to create videos that look authentic Synthesia could be able to reduce time and money, provide stability and scalability, as well as open up new possibilities for personalized and easily accessible video content. As with all technology, it’s important to be aware of the limitations and risks associated with video AI generators. As this technology continues to evolve, it will be crucial to be aware of the social and ethical implications of its use.
Video Ai Enhancer | <urn:uuid:4b9e2539-3263-47a4-ac04-fe424721dd8f> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.roxhead.com/video-ai-enhancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948932.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329023546-20230329053546-00704.warc.gz | en | 0.928914 | 1,205 | 2.875 | 3 |
Vatican Unveils Restored Catacombs with Google Maps Tour
The Vatican on Tuesday unveiled a series of catacombs used by early Christians in Rome after a major restoration, including an online virtual tour by Google Maps offering a glimpse into the underground wonders.
The Priscilla catacombs where Christians worshipped and buried their own are re-opening to the public after five years of work in which restorers used lasers to clean up the religious frescoes on the walls.
The Vatican's culture minister, Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, said the catacombs "were a living and breathing symbol of the first Christians, of their daily lives", as he took guests through the subterranean passages.
"This is where our roots are," Ravasi said.
A new function on Google Maps allows users to take a limited tour of the vast complex under Rome's Villa Ada park and gaze at the interiors with a 360-degree view like the one used above-ground for Street View.
A new museum on the site also opening to the public brings together some 700 fragments of finely-sculpted sarcophaguses found in the catacombs, which combine pagan and Christian burial traditions.
The Priscilla catacombs, which date back nearly 2,000 years and were built inside what used to be a quarry, are considered the most interesting in Rome and include a basilica where pope Sylvester (314-335) is buried. | <urn:uuid:7b4df93d-56aa-4225-91d9-5e2d07098c91> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/106519-vatican-unveils-restored-catacombs-with-google-maps-tour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864776.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622182027-20180622202027-00416.warc.gz | en | 0.934492 | 300 | 2.546875 | 3 |
|Posted by davidaarongray on September 30, 2013 at 5:00 AM|
The Original Superman?:
Stalin wasn’t his real name but a name he gave himself in his early twenties. With his real name being unpronounceable he took to using this in an attempt to hide his non-Russian roots. It means ‘man of steel’
After his rise to power, popular nicknames for Stalin in the Soviet Union included ‘Little Father of the Peoples’, owing to the fact that he was only 5’4” tall. President Truman once described the despot as a ‘little squirt’ Stalin was notoriously sensitive about his height, having several portrait painters shot for portraying him as “too realistic.”
Above: Stalin in 1902; Ioseb Besarionis dze Jugashvili (in the present day country of Georgia...NOT RUSSIA!)
Above: Churchll and Truman (both 5' 8") urged to sit for the cameras by Soviet Minister Molotov at the beginning of the Postdam Conference in 1945 since their giant sizes would make Uncle Joey (at 5' 4") look bad. Notice Stalin's very straight posture (like a little child trying to stand on his toes). In fact, for all the heat Napoleon has received in the pages of history (and psychology) for being short, he was actually a full 2 inches taller than Stalin.
Arming Your Future Enemy + Murdering Your Own Generals = BAD Military Preparedness
During the 1930s, while Germany was amassing the largest military in Europe, Stalin focused on lesser known strategies for wartime preparedness:
First he had 90% of all Soviet officers executed for fear of a coup o From 1933 until Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Stalin, in an effort to build his economy and secure an alliance with Hitler, had the Soviet State Armaments Department focus exclusively on mass producing and selling Russian made tank shells, bullets, refined petroleum and anti aircraft weaponry to the Germans. By 1939, 80% of Germany’s oil and 70% of its armed projectiles were stamped with the seal “MADE IN USSR.”
And here is the kicker: If the above measures seemed counterintuitive to you they certainly were not viewed that way by the self-proclaimed “Defender of Mother Russia.” After all…he had an ace in the hole…
In 1931 he ordered leading Russian scientists to develop thousands of half human-half ape hybrid soldiers. This new mutant militia would be the core of Stalin’s new Red Army. He is quoted as saying “I want a new invincible human being, insensitive to pain, resistant and indifferent about the quality of food they eat.”
Accordingly, in 1936, the Politburo put the Soviet Academy of Science to the task of creating the ‘living war machine.’ The program was terminated when Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 and Stalin begrudgingly had to leave his little play world and start developing (and using) real weapons.
A hopeless romantic:
Following a public telling off from Stalin one night, his wife ran off in desperation and shot herself.
ABOVE: Stalin's second wife, Nadezhda Sergeyevna Alliluyeva... After her death he was almost on his way to becoming a pint sized Henry VIII
So Funny, It Can Kill You:
Despite being a grumpy little man, Stalin was also the man behind the most wicked practical joke ever played. Being a very private man he gave the order that no person should enter his bedchambers, even if his own guards suspected he may have fallen ill.
Later, while in his chambers he decided to test whether his guards had listened to this instruction. Pretending to scream in pain he called for the guards stationed outside the door. Fearing that their leader was in mortal danger the guards burst into the room… Stalin had them executed for failing to follow his standing orders.
This little prank soon backfired, however, when Stalin suffered a seizure while alone in his bedroom. The guards were too afraid to enter, finding him dead 46 hours later, laying in a puddle of stale urine.
Despite all of the above (not to mention that he had murdered more people than Hitler, Stalin was named Time Magazine’s Person of the Year TWICE! (first in 1939 and then in 1942).
Categories: Correcting the Historical Record | <urn:uuid:50efd149-d5da-4ff8-9621-dbd2b0dfc8cc> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.davidaarongray.com/apps/blog/show/33333849-the-man-of-steel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027316075.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821152344-20190821174344-00490.warc.gz | en | 0.979629 | 929 | 2.625 | 3 |
Do-you-think-he-saurus... Or Heard Us Even?
Using data from birds, which are close relatives of the dinosaurs, researcher Otto Gleich, from the University of Regensburg, has calculated the range of frequencies a dinosaur would have been able to hear. Amongst birds, hearing range drops with increasing body size and the length of an ear-structure called the basilar papilla. This isn't preserved in fossils, but it is typically two-thirds the size of the well-preserved cochlear duct. By measuring the sizes of the cochlear duct in an archaeopteryx, an allosaurus and a brachiosaur, the researchers estimate that archaeopteryx would have had a hearing range roughly equivalent to modern birds, a 1.5 tonne allosaurus would have heard best at 1.5 kHz and notes no higher than 3KHz, whilst a much larger 75 tonne brachiosaur would have heard best at 700 Hz and been deaf to sounds above 2.4 kHz. A T. rex would have had a hearing range somewhere between the allosaurus and the brachiosaur, and as a human scream has a pitch of over 3 kHz, it's likely that a Tyrannosaur could well have enjoyed you for lunch without having to endure the sound of your protestations. He would, however, have been well able to hear the sound of his stomach rumbling - at about 20 Hz - beforehand! | <urn:uuid:de970ac5-8758-4588-8ecd-b5541453f9fb> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-news/do-you-think-he-saurus-or-heard-us-even | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500356.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206145603-20230206175603-00450.warc.gz | en | 0.974026 | 302 | 4.25 | 4 |
No single archway in India has so much blood on its hands as the Khooni Darwaza (literally meaning the Bloody Gate). It is actually not a gate, but just an arch outside the Firoz Shah Kotla, and built by the Lion King Sher Shah Suri (1540-45), founder of the Suri dynasty.
This post has been taken from Delhi 101, a book written by Ajay Jain. It is about 101 surprising ways to discover Delhi, one of the most amazing cities in the world for travelers. To know more about the book and to order one, click here.
His reign barely spanned five years, but is a landmark in the history of the sub-continent. With his deep knowledge and practical experience, he made many brilliant additions and improvements to the existent system. Sher Shah was a capable military and civilian administrator. He set up reforms in various areas. The third Mughal emperor Akbar later built on these reforms and extended them further. Many of these reforms pertained to the army, but the principal reforms for which he is remembered are those connected with revenue administration. Numerous civil works were carried out during his short reign. Sher Shah was a practical and farsighted ruler who was way ahead of his contemporaries, best remembered in history for the numerous reforms that he undertook to strengthen the government. He was in truth the greatest ruler that sat upon the throne of Delhi.
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Going back in time, the fourth Mughal emperor Jahangir executed the sons of Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana after assuming power; the latter was a favoured noble of his late father, Akbar, and was supposedly opposed to Jahangir being appointed Emperor. The bodies were left here to rot to be preyed upon by birds. His grandson Aurangzeb, who forcibly seized the throne from his father Shahjahan, killed his own elder brother Dara Shikoh and put his head here on public display.
During the Great Revolt of 1857, the British secured the surrender of the then Emperor Bahadurshah Zafar. On 22 September, Captain Hodson was taking the Emperor’s sons Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khizr Sultan and grandson Mirza Abu Bekar from Humayun’s Tomb when a huge crowd gathered around Khooni Darwaza as they were crossing it. Fearing they would attack and free the princes, the captain stripped them to the waist and shot them point blank. The bodies were subsequently left to rot for days in the sun in front of the kotwali (police station) in Chandni Chowk.
The gate also saw mayhem during the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947; many refugees were murdered here by rioting crowds while on the way to the safety of Purana Qila (Old Fort) where the government had set up a camp for them.
The gate may look docile, but it sure has gory stories to tell. Carry some smelling salts if they are too much for you.
Something more for you to consider:
And do join us for a coffee at the Kunzum Travel Cafe in Hauz Khas Village in New Delhi, India. | <urn:uuid:c1b3a607-ad3b-4fb2-b524-4764706ddabf> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | http://kunzum.com/2012/13/delhi-101-12-the-gate-with-a-bloody-history-khooni-darwaza/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670643.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121000300-20191121024300-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.978513 | 681 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Duration 4h 10m With Project Files MP4
Title: Pluralsight – Stylized Animal Modeling for Games
Creating a believable, yet stylized animal is no easy task. In this course, Stylized Animal Modeling for Games, you?ll be taken through all of the steps necessary to get you started on creating a stylized animal in Zbrush and a solid foundation for creating any animal in the future. You will start off by looking at the concept art and going over the importance of using anatomy reference to create believability even when creating a stylized sculpt. After that, you?ll learn how to block out the base mesh, which is created by separating the main forms of the animal into different parts. Then, you will build upon the base and refine the secondary shapes of the animal. Next, you will create accessories and armor for your animal using 3DS Max and Zbrush. Finally, you will add the final polish and details to your sculpt. When you?re finished with this sculpting course, you?ll not only know the process for creating stylized animals in Zbrush but, also be able to apply the same techniques you?ve learned to any animal you create in the future. Software required: Zbrush 4R7, 3DS Max 2016.
https://rg.to/folder/4451364/ 04 Stylized Animal Modeling for Games L.html
http://nitroflare.com/view/DE673F4DB00A9C9/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part3.rar http://nitroflare.com/view/E993C458ABE782D/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part6.rar http://nitroflare.com/view/BA0E75F328D7016/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part4.rar http://nitroflare.com/view/714CB8EBD89B517/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part1.rar http://nitroflare.com/view/3B0E488BDDCC7A4/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part2.rar http://nitroflare.com/view/94A3DF8F0C485B8/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part5.rar http://nitroflare.com/view/ED7509AF9B0459D/PtStylizedAnimalModelingforGames.part7.rar | <urn:uuid:b582fadd-dad4-402b-a1fb-de1a3987778b> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://cgpersia.com/2017/10/pluralsight-stylized-animal-modeling-for-games-136718.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153729.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728123318-20210728153318-00630.warc.gz | en | 0.750723 | 546 | 2.671875 | 3 |
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3. Creating Shapes and Lines
Shapes and lines make your slides much more compelling to users. Here I show you how to create both and introduce a little object alignment.
- To add text to a shape, select the shape and just start typing
CLICK and DRAG on yellow marker: Alters one of the shape's dimensions
SHIFT + CLICK and Drag: Draw a perfect circle or square
SHIFT + CLICK and Drag: Draw horizontal and vertical lines
- Many shapes have red markers at their mid-points
- Connect a line to these markers to bisect a shape
Shapes and lines are very important in PowerPoint because they can make your slide look much more compelling to an audience. In this lesson, I'm going to show you how to create and format basic shapes such as rectangles before going on to create more elaborate shapes such as clouds and lightning bolts. At the end of this lesson, you'll have created an array of shapes which will look something like these.
Let's get started by creating a new slide and we'll call it Lines and Shapes.
We'll remove the placeholder and the first thing we'll do is draw a straight line. So, when we select a line, and drag it across the page, when we try and draw a horizontal line, we can see it's actually quite difficult to get it exactly horizontal. There's a simple solution to this and that is simply to hold shift which will automatically straighten the line.
Let's now draw another line and we'll draw it vertically. Again, hold shift, drag down on the mouse and it's very simple to draw a vertical line in this way.
Next, let's draw a rectangle. So, I'm going to select rectangle in the Drawing part of the ribbon, now let's click and drag.
You can see that the rectangle is automatically formatted with a blue fill. What I'd like is either a white fill or a no fill which would make the rectangle see through. Let's go to the dropdown arrow and click on No Fill and now we can see the lines behind our shape.
I'd like my lines to connect to the midpoints of the shape. To do this, let's select a line and simply drag the edge onto the midpoint of the shape. Let's do this on the other side.
And now we have a nice bisector of the rectangle. Let's also do it vertically, so click and select the edge of the line and drag it onto the right handle that exists at the midpoint of the rectangle side.
Let's do it one more time and we now have two bisectors of the rectangle. In the first quadrant, I'd like to draw a cloud. So, let's go into the Draw part of the ribbon, click on the dropdown arrow and select cloud.
Now just click and drag to create a cloud in this quadrant.
To enter some text in the cloud, just start typing.
And I'll increase the font by selecting the shape and making the font a lot bigger.
In the second quadrant, we'd like a lightning bolt for Usain Bolt, so let's select lightning bolt in the Drawing part of the ribbon, click and drag.
I'd like the lightning bolt to be yellow, so with the shape selected, I'll go to Shape Fill and select yellow.
We'll also need to create a text book for the name Usain Bolt, so let's select this icon in the Recently Used Shapes and start typing.
I'm also going to increase this font to 50.
And I'll narrow the text box so that it fits within my rectangle.
In the next quadrant, I'm going to create a speed limit sign.
To do this, I'll go back up to the Drawing part of the ribbon, select the appropriate shape, click and drag.
As with drawing a horizontal line, it can be hard to draw a perfect circle but let's hold the shift button and this makes it much easier.
We'd also need to adjust the width of the border and the line that goes through this shape and to do this, we just click on the yellow diamond which will help us adjust the width to what we want.
We'd also like to color this red, so I'll go up to Shape Fill and click on red. I'd also like the border to be red as well, so I'll go to Shape Outline and click red.
I'll now create the number behind this stop sign, so I'll find the text box icon, click and we'll say the number to be 50.
I'll increase this font to 110.
And now I'll need to put this number behind the stop sign and also align these two objects. Let's hold shift to select the other object, so now with both objects selected, and now let's select both objects and move them up a little.
I'm using the arrows to move these in small increments. You can do this to the left, to the right, up or down. And now I'll select the number and move it to the background.
In the last quadrant, we gonna put a target sign. Let's start by drawing a horizontal line by selecting Line, click, hold shift and drag.
We'll also create a vertical line, so select Line again, hold shift and drag.
Make this a little longer.
Let's now select circle, hold shift and drag.
I'll select it again.
Create a bigger circle and create one more which will be our larger circle.
Now I'd like all of my circles to have no fill. So, I'll select them by holding shift and then I'll fill with No Fill.
And I'll simply align all of these objects to create our target sign.
Align center and align middle and there is our target sign.
We may need to adjust the radius of the middle circle slightly, so we can just select, hold shift and drag and now we'll just need to realign all of the objects with align middle and align center.
And there's our complete target sign.
Before we finish, we'd like to make sure that our large object is in the center of the page. To do this, let's just select, and we'll group.
We'll then go to View, and click on Guides.
And we can see that we're slightly to the right of the middle of the page. Let's just use the arrows to make some incremental changes. There we go and now we're bang in the middle of the page.
Although these shapes may not be of direct use in your presentations, they do show you how easy it is to create and manipulate shapes in PowerPoint. To recap on all the commands used in this lesson, be sure to check out the show notes underneath this video. You'll also be able to find my final version of this slide to compare against your own. | <urn:uuid:affcba0a-c8fe-4721-a96b-d655eeb9a1e0> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://kubicle.com/learn/powerpoint/creating-shapes-and-lines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823442.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210191406-20181210212906-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.921341 | 1,447 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Articles on historical events with particular significance given the antiwhite narrative of our time.
We’ve produced a series of videos, each no more than two minutes, recounting the real history of slavery. These are based on audio extracts from Thomas Sowell’s essay ‘The Real History of Slavery‘, to which we’ve added images and historic photos’. The Real History of Slavery’ corrects the narrow and distorted way slavery is too often portrayed by our institutions and the media.
“Why would anyone wish to arbitrarily understate an evil that plagued mankind for thousands of years unless it was not this evil itself that was the real concern, but rather the present-day uses of that historical evil. Clearly, the ability to score ideological points against American society or Western Civilization or to induce guilt and thereby extract benefits from the white population today are greatly enhanced by making enslavement appear to be a peculiarly American, or a peculiarly white, crime.” Thomas Sowell.
Holodomor is the name given to the genocide of Ukrainian peasants in 1932 to 1933, just six years before the outbreak of WW2. Based on documents and photos we tell the story of how 7 to 10 million men, women and children died of enforced starvation. They were targeted for extermination because they would not submit to the Bolshevik’s communist regime; because they valued their nation and nationalism; and because they wanted to retain their own way of life.
During the Cultural Revolution, struggle sessions were used by the Chinese Communist Party as a means of influencing and controlling the population. They involved forcing confessions from ‘class enemies’ in front of jeering crowds. The public humiliation of White people in the West, be it voluntary, coerced or imposed, is reminiscent of these staged confessions. Our article looks at then and now.
Published 18 January 2021 | <urn:uuid:d6f15495-b2d3-4b15-b984-35a8c3cdbb43> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://whitespaceonline.org/true-histories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178375274.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20210306162308-20210306192308-00163.warc.gz | en | 0.95525 | 385 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The 100,000 Genomes Project
The project will sequence 100,000 genomes from around 70,000 people. Participants are NHS patients with a rare disease, plus their families, and patients with cancer.
The aim is to create a new genomic medicine service for the NHS – transforming the way people are cared for. Patients may be offered a diagnosis where there wasn’t one before. In time, there is the potential of new and more effective treatments.
The project will also enable new medical research. Combining genomic sequence data with medical records is a ground-breaking resource. Researchers will study how best to use genomics in healthcare and how best to interpret the data to help patients. The causes, diagnosis and treatment of disease will also be investigated. We also aim to kick-start a UK genomics industry. This is currently the largest national sequencing project of its kind in the world.
Find out more about taking part in the project.
You can read about the background and history of the 100,000 Genomes Project below, or download the full narrative: Narrative – Genomics England and the 100,000 Genomes Project.
In April 2003 one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of modern times was announced. After years of painstaking research carried out by thousands of dedicated scientists across the world, the complete genetic code of a human being – their genome – could now be published.
The Human Genome Project, as this work was known, was the largest international collaboration ever undertaken in biology with British scientists leading the global race to read the human genome, which is made of DNA, letter by letter, a technique called sequencing. The UK has often led the world in scientific breakthroughs and DNA was no exception. Crick and Watson won the Nobel Prize for discovering the double helix structure of DNA and it was a British double Nobel Prize winning scientist, Fred Sanger, who discovered how to sequence it.
Now there is a real opportunity to turn the very important scientific discoveries about DNA and the way it works into a potentially life-saving reality for NHS patients across the country.
Most of us have heard of genetics, the study of the way particular features or diseases are inherited through genes passed down from one generation to the next. But the more we learn about genes, the more we understand that the old idea of having a single gene for this, or a single gene for that, which determines your fate is not – except in the case of unusual inherited diseases – a good way of describing the complexity of genes. In fact, groups of genes work together and their activity is influenced by a huge variety of environmental and other factors. And we now know that the DNA between your genes is also very important.
You have a complete set of genes in almost every healthy cell in your body. One set of all these genes, (plus the DNA between the genes), is called a genome. Genomics is the study of the whole genome and how it works but has also come to have a broader meaning to include the way that the genome is interpreted and the technologies that have been developed to help do this.
When the first draft of the whole human genome was announced it was claimed that it would revolutionise medical treatment. It had taken 13 years and over £2 billion to laboriously read every letter of the human genetic code. It took such a long time because the DNA sequence of humans is very long – 3 billion letters – and because the sequencing machines available at the time were so slow and laborious. Now a human genome can be sequenced in a few days for less than £1000. It’s the leap in the speed and cost of technology that has opened up the potential of genomics and brought it within reach of mainstream healthcare.
But haven’t we already got a good understanding of genetics? One of the great surprises from the Human Genome Project was that there were only about 20,000 genes– about the same number as a starfish. The role of the remainder of a human’s genome – in fact a staggering 95 percent of it – was a mystery. Now we know that the remaining DNA is not irrelevant as was once thought but that much of it has a critically important role, influencing, regulating and controlling the rest. That’s why it’s necessary to sequence the whole human genome (rather than just looking at the 20,000 genes currently used for diagnosis in medicine) if we are to really understand the role of genes in health and disease.
But people are very different, so studying only a small number of genomes would not be enough to give doctors and scientists a true picture of our genes and their relationship to disease. Another key point is that by itself, a genome can’t tell you very much. To make sense of it, it is essential to know much more about the person who donated it; details like their symptoms and when they first started, along with physiological measurements, such as heart rate or blood pressure (this sort of information is provided by clinicians and called phenotypic data). Another set of information which may be important in interpreting genomic data comes from their past medical records and would include such things as previous illnesses, medications and birth weight.
And this is where the NHS comes in. The way in which the NHS is able to link a whole lifetime of medical records with a person’s genome data and the fact it can do this on a large scale is unique. The richness of this data can help to understand disease and to tease apart the complex relationship between our genes, what happens to us in our lives and illness.
So what can genomics do? You can use it to predict how well a person will respond to a treatment or find one that will work best for them – so called personalised medicine. A good example in use already is whether or not a woman’s breast cancer is HER2 positive. If it is, Herceptin will be very effective for her but not for someone who doesn’t have HER2. You can also use genomics to test how well a cancer might respond to radiotherapy. For some that can mean far fewer radiotherapy sessions. Or use it to find the 30,000 people who currently use insulin for their Type 1 diabetes but would do better on simple tablets. Genomics can be used to track infectious disease, precisely pinpointing the source and nature of the outbreak through looking at the whole genomes of bugs. The potential of genomics is huge, leading to more precise diagnostics for earlier diagnosis, new medical devices, faster clinical trials, new drugs and treatments and potentially, in time, new cures.
The supersonic age of genomics has begun. And just as the NHS has been at the forefront of scientific breakthroughs before, we want the NHS to be at the forefront again, with its patients benefiting from all that genomics offers, becoming the first mainstream health service in the world to offer genomic medicine as part of routine care for NHS patients.
To bring the predicted benefits of genomics to NHS patients is why the Prime Minister launched the 100,000 Genomes Project in late 2012.
Genomics England, a company wholly owned and funded by the Department of Health, was set up to deliver this flagship project which will sequence 100,000 whole genomes from NHS patients by 2017. Its four main aims are; to create an ethical and transparent programme based on consent; to bring benefit to patients and set up a genomic medicine service for the NHS; to enable new scientific discovery and medical insights; and to kick start the development of a UK genomics industry.
The project will focus on patients with a rare disease and their families and patients with cancer. The first samples for sequencing are being taken from patients living in England with discussions taking place with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland about potential future involvement.
In the UK, just fewer than 160,000 people died from cancer in 2011 with over 330,000 new cases reported every year. Because cancer is more likely to occur as people age, we expect the number of cancer cases to rise as people live longer. And although rare diseases are individually very uncommon, because there are between 5000 and 8000 of them, a surprisingly large number of people are affected in total – 3 million – or, put another way one in 17 (or between 6 and 7 percent) of the UK population. Genomics has great potential for both because both rare disease and cancer are strongly linked to changes in the genome. Cancer begins because of changes in genes within what was a normal cell. Although a cancer starts with the same DNA as the patient, it develops mutations or changes which enable the tumour to grow and spread. By taking DNA from the tumour and DNA from the patient’s normal cells and comparing them, the precise changes are detected. Knowing and understanding them strongly indicates which treatments will be the most effective. Genomics has already started to guide and inform doctors about the best treatment for individual patients. We’ve already mentioned Herceptin for HER2 positive breast cancer but we are only at the beginning. Many more cancer types, including those for whom there is hardly any successful current treatments such as lung cancer could be helped if only we knew which gene changes were important.
At least 80 percent of rare diseases are genomic with half of new cases found in children. Knowledge of the whole genome sequence may identify the cause of some rare diseases and help point the way to new treatments for these devastating conditions – vital progress given that some rare diseases take two or more years just to identify. As most rare diseases are inherited, the genomes of the affected individual (usually a child) plus two of their closest blood relatives will be included to pinpoint the cause of the condition.
In all, it is anticipated that about 75,000 people will be involved of which 40,000 will be patients with serious illness. The numbers add up like this: 50,000 genomes from cancer – two per patient, therefore 25,000 patients. 50,000 from rare disease – three per patient (affected person plus two blood relatives) – therefore roughly 17,000 patients, 33,000 others. In all, just over 40,000 patients, and about 75,000 people involved in total. There has already been an extraordinary response by patients and their families wanting to take part in the Genomics England pilot.
Some patients involved in the 100,000 Genomes Project have already benefitted, because a better treatment is identified for them or their condition is diagnosed for the first time. However, for most, the benefit will be in knowing that they will be helping people like them in the future through research on the genome data they generously allow to be studied but all will know that because of their involvement, an infrastructure will be developed which, in the future will enable the NHS to offer genomic services much more widely, to any patient who might benefit.
To make genomics a reality for the NHS it has to be of high quality, fast and affordable with results that are readily understood. How can this be done?
The sequencing challenge
Genomics England has invested in the latest, state of the art sequencing machines to sequence the 100,000 genomes in the project. This is the first time sequencing has been done on such a scale in the UK. At first, all results will be double checked using existing clinical testing. This is to ensure that the information it delivers is of such high quality that doctors are confident to use it in making major decisions about care.
The data challenge
The first step after sequencing is to compare the possibly millions of differences between the patient’s genome and a reference genome, a process called variant calling. The next hurdle – annotation – is to interpret the meaning and importance of those differences which are important. Some of the differences will just be natural harmless variations between individuals, but some will be damaging and almost certainly involved in the development of disease. In truth, much of the genome is still a mystery, requiring an immense amount of work to understand.
The raw data from one genome is about 200GB which would occupy most of the average laptop’s hard drive. Just the annotations would easily fill a DVD by themselves. This mountain of data needs to be sifted, analysed and presented in a way that is helpful to doctors, most of whom will not have specialist knowledge of gene changes. Genomics England is investing in the people, expertise and technology to undertake this work.
The security challenge
The genome data is large in size and also precious and will be stored securely and respectfully with rigorous conditions for access which the public can have confidence in.
Each one of these challenges involves science at the cutting edge in a field that is moving very rapidly, and at a scale never seen before. Genomics England is having to be very flexible, changing its plans frequently to reflect new advances but also being humble enough to learn from things that don’t go right, especially in the pilot stage. There is much to learn from patients, from clinicians and Genomics England will be working with them to develop protocols that are robust, practical and efficient.
Delivering benefit to patients
An additional and critically important spin off is the importance of this huge amount of data to researchers. This includes those wanting to understand more about the genome but also to those wanting to develop new treatments, diagnostics, devices and medicines including academics and those in life science industries which involve not just well known pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies but also a great number of innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Some people feel companies should not benefit commercially from patients who have donated their genome data without receiving any payment. Or that participant’s data might not be secure and that they could be identified if they take part, or their data used by researchers in a way that is not fair.
The 100,000 Genomes Project has a high ethical importance as without it, the NHS won’t be able to get the genomics service that patients deserve. High standards of ethical practice must underpin a future service and ethics has to have a major contribution in its development. Genomics England has its own independent Ethics Advisory Committee which advises the Genomics England board on the ethical aspect of everything Genomics England does. Issues already scrutinised include what information patients should receive about their results as well as policies on consent. A series of engagement and involvement activities with patients, clinicians and other groups about these issues has been undertaken. The outputs of these discussions is available here.
Commercialisation and who benefits?
Patients donate their samples and information using models of informed consent which have been approved by an independent NHS ethics committee.(see the approved protocol here_) Patients are explicitly asked if they are willing for commercial companies to be able to conduct approved research on their data. Those people that have already generously consented to take part understand the challenges about sharing data in their own case but they are keen to see their data used to help progress research into the condition that affects them. If innovative treatments are to be found to extend or save lives then commercial companies will need to invest in the research, development and manufacture of new drugs and diagnostic tests. It has always been the case that this work is carried out in the commercial sector and not by government or within the NHS itself.
Genomics England is developing ways of charging for its data services to ensure that the costs of maintaining the data are shared with companies and that the UK tax payer will benefit should companies successfully develop drugs, devices, treatments, diagnostic tests or other services through its use. If successful products are developed, it means that patients are benefiting.
Privacy and confidentiality issues
Any relevant information about a patient will be returned to their doctor. For other medical researchers and companies to gain access to Genomics England’s data services they will have to first pass a rigorous ethical review and have their research proposal approved under policies being devised by Genomics England’s Ethics Advisory Committee. Insurers and marketing companies will not be allowed access.
Oversight by the Genomics England Data Advisory Committee will ensure that any researchers wanting access to data will go through rigorous identity checks and their use of the data will be closely supervised. No raw genome data can be taken away. The data will be kept within Genomics England’s data structures and will be constantly under its control. Genomics England commits itself to constant testing and re-testing of its security systems to ensure data safety.
While Genomics England has the data, patient identifiers (such as NHS number or postcode are removed) to reduce the risk of re-identification of clinical and genomic information with a particular individual. Only when data is used for a patient’s own care will identifiable data be made available to the patient’s doctor and medical team. Patients are told that participant anonymity cannot be absolutely guaranteed as in theory, any non-trivial piece of health records data can be re-identified by someone who already has access to sufficiently detailed information about an individual. In practice, this is very hard to do and harder still to achieve undetected. Genomics England can’t promise that no researcher would be able to do this but what it can promise is that it will be made so difficult that there would be far easier ways to achieve the same goal.
Genomics England is talking constantly to patients about their concerns to make sure that any issues they may have are addressed at an early stage. Patients have been involved from the outset and are at the very heart of this project. In particular, the commitment to consent is of paramount importance.
It is not just patients and the NHS that stand to benefit from the 100,000 Genomes Project. There will be numerous knock-on advantages for the country. An example from the past might be the introduction of the railways in the Victorian era. . Individuals and families benefited from cheap travel but the infrastructure created by the new railways also triggered an economic boom. Whilst the growth of some companies say, those making railway tracks, was predicted other economic benefits were not. For instance, there was a boom in holidays resorts, the sale of postcards and travel guides.
The 100,000 Genomes Project has some parallels. Whilst primarily for the benefit of people who are sick, there are potentially many economic benefits for the nation. We can be certain of benefits such as new medicines and diagnostic tests but just as with railways, some of the companies that may develop will be unexpected, built on new, as yet undiscovered technologies that will emerge over the next five years.
The 100,000 Genomes Project cannot be guaranteed to succeed, in the same way that there was no guarantee for the railways. So only the government is willing to take the risk and make the necessary investment in it. And just as Victorian England with its great engineers was the perfect place for the birth of the railways, the UK, which not only leads the world in life sciences but has the unique benefit of the NHS, is the best place in the world to initiate the practical use of genome sequencing and interpretation for patient benefit. Our vision was one where England is the leader in a new industry where genomics is used to help patients get better, more personalised care and treatment.
When the project ends, the NHS will need to be ready to use genomics as part of its routine care, so it is vital that more scientists, geneticists and doctors are trained to interpret the data and understand what it means for a patient’s medical condition. In parallel with Genomics England’s work, a skills and training programme for workers in the NHS is currently being set up by the organisation responsible for doing this – Health Education England.
The 100,000 Genomes Project will use the generosity of patients and the outstanding skills and talent found in the medical and the life sciences’ sectors in the UK to help deliver this project. Genomic England’s legacy will be a genomics service ready for adoption by the NHS, high ethical standards and public support for genomics, new medicines, treatments and diagnostics and a country which hosts the world’s leading genomic companies. It is a bold ambition with benefits for all. | <urn:uuid:c011fbd1-298a-40d3-b356-938bd2d57827> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/the-100000-genomes-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736673081.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215753-00194-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962953 | 4,096 | 3.40625 | 3 |
“This course has shown me more than any other that the individual is connected to the structural, political, social, and economic forces in our society.”
“This course has helped me in all of my classes- the things I learned in this class I could apply to other broad concepts- helped me make connections between different bodies of material.”
“This course honestly changed my career path. I am really looking forward to practicing medicine in communities where it is less accessible.”
“I’ve been able to connect my science classes/pre-med courses with the human experience- I feel more prepared to enter the medical profession with my increased awareness of how our medical system influences different populations.”
States of illness and health are not simply the result of biological processes. If we want to understand why people get sick and how they get better, we must also study the social and cultural aspects of medicine and disease. This course is an introduction to medical anthropology: the study of cultural meanings, social relations, and systems of power that shape experiences of illness and health. Medical anthropological research produces powerful insights about the extra-biological aspects of health and health care that can reduce disease burdens and improve health outcomes. In this class, students engage with ethnographic texts and films from Western and non-Western medical settings in order to learn how health, illness and healing practices are culturally shaped, transformed, and contested. | <urn:uuid:d65e2a45-2d3e-4cf9-b4a3-93613e121471> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://amycooper.net/teaching/medicine-and-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156314.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919235858-20180920015858-00161.warc.gz | en | 0.946748 | 294 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Mistletoe Cactus Overview
Rhipsalis is a genus with around 43 flowering perennials in the cactus family, Cactaceae. They have slender, branched and trailing stems and are native to Central America and the Caribbean with a few Old World species. Commonly known as Mistletoe Cactus, these plants are epiphytes; they live on the surface of other plants and gain nutrients from the air, from rainfall and accumulated debris around them. Flowers are delicate and cream-white to pink-tinged in colour, leading onto vibrant pink-red berry fruits. They are usually cultivated as houseplants or glasshouse specimens as they are frost tender and require high humidity and bright but indirect light. | <urn:uuid:a65547b2-b827-49ef-bcd6-c4166a43fa74> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://candidegardening.com/ZA/plants/d47b5625-f5ad-4a05-84ad-4afa35c2c294 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487658814.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210620054240-20210620084240-00631.warc.gz | en | 0.96153 | 148 | 3.46875 | 3 |
In a chat the other day, one of my fellow teachers expressed her regret about some of our non-English major students not being able to write grammatically correct sentences even after having learned English for so long. They all concurred with my remarks over students' inability to write well related directly to their reluctance to read extensively.
Students can't write well because they don't read much. This is simple physics. Writing is an act to output what has been input. It's impossible for studenst to produce anything if they don't first plant seeds.
From my experience, even English major students mistakenly believe that attending writing classes alone is enough to learn to write well. Yes, writing skills are taught in writing classes, however, if students do not first read, store, and absorb adequate volume of vocabulary and observe numbers of sentence patterns usages, a decent paragraph or a readable essay is hardly to be expected.
To write well or to speak or listen better, one must first read. That's it! | <urn:uuid:999836af-ce9b-4007-95fd-70fb06dba656> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://liberty24.blogspot.com/2009/03/extensive-reading.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267161501.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925103454-20180925123854-00082.warc.gz | en | 0.967882 | 205 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Cycling is plenty of fun, and it is also a great workout. You can ride a bike as part of your fitness routine and also as a method of transportation.
Riding a bicycle in traffic alongside cars, trucks, and motorcycles is quite dangerous. You are the most vulnerable of all the vehicles on the road.
Therefore, you need to take every conceivable measure to protect yourself in case you are involved in an accident. The following are some crucial cycling safety tips:
What To Do If You Are in a Bike Accident
If you are involved in a road accident while on your bicycle, you should first and foremost remain calm. Panic and anger are the typical responses, but they usually worsen the problem rather than fix it. Pull over by the side of the road and take a few deep breaths.
If you are calm, ensure you are okay. Check and see if you have any injuries whatsoever. Road bike accidents can have devastating consequences. If you are injured, the priority should be to get medical attention as soon as possible.
Afterward, get the insurance information of whoever else is involved in the accident and collect evidence of the accident. See if you can get due compensation for your injuries if you so wish.
Follow Road Rules
Just because you are riding a bicycle on the road does not mean you don’t have to follow the road rules. If you want to be safe while riding your bike, your best alternative is to follow the road rules.
Ride in the direction of traffic and avoid riding on the sidewalks. Follow the traffic signals, especially those that pertain to cyclists, and avoid the long-term effects of a bike accident. Use a cyclist designated lane to be safe while cycling.
Pedestrians and cars have the right of way, and you should yield whenever appropriate. Following road rules greatly diminishes your chances of being involved in an accident.
Wear a Helmet
A helmet is not a foolproof safety measure, but it will significantly increase your chances of staying safe while riding your bike. Your head is the most crucial body part to protect, and a helmet is the best measure for protecting your head; it certainly beats getting into a road accident with a bear head.
Ensure that your helmet fits properly as sizes will vary between different manufacturers. Also, choose the sturdiest material you can find as long as it does not weigh you down or obstruct your vision. Avoiding head injuries is highly crucial when riding a bike.
A fantastic cycling safety tip is to be visible because most motorists involved in bike accidents often claim that they never saw the cyclists. It is imperative for you to be visible when riding your bike at night.
The general idea is to dress like a fluorescent peacock. Wear bright clothes that are colorful and highly visible. A reflector jacket or clothing will also be great for visibility. Reflectors on various parts of your bike are a great idea too.
Putting on your lights while riding your bike is vital, and you should not be riding your bike during dark times without lights. The more lights you have on your bike, the better.
Riding a bike is one of the best natural ways to improve your fitness. However, there are other things you should learn as a cyclist, including how to signal since you don’t have indicators on your bike.
The main signals you should learn are turning left, turning right, and stopping. Behaving predictable on the road is an excellent way to be safe, and motorists will often become aware once you signal.
Staying safe on the road as a cyclist is a tricky proposition. However, you should do it to the best of your capability. The best safety measure for a cyclist is to be aware of your surroundings. It will help you avoid most accidents. | <urn:uuid:bfa19cf3-da6d-4b21-9306-e0d51d32e5a2> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.fitorbit.com/4-crucial-cycling-safety-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510498.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929054611-20230929084611-00481.warc.gz | en | 0.961812 | 779 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Pawa`s Efforts in eliminating FGM
Female Genital Mutilation has been reported to occur in all parts of the world, but it is most prevalent in the western, eastern, and north eastern regions of Africa, where the majority of our Pan African members are originally from.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) has no known health benefits. On the contrary it is known to be harmful to girls and women in many ways. First and foremost it is painful and traumatic. The removal of or damage to healthy, normal genital tissue interferes with the natural functioning of the body and causes several immediate and long term health consequences.
Communities that practice FGM report a variety of social and religious reasons for continuing with it. Seen from a human rights perspective, the practice reflects deep rooted inequality between the sexes, and constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women. Female genital mutilation is nearly always carried out on minors and is therefore a violation of the rights of the child. The practice also violates the rights to health, security and physical integrity of the person, the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to life when the procedure results in death.
Decades of prevention work undertaken by local communities, governments and national and international organizations have contributed to a reduction in the prevalence of female genital mutilation in some areas but this is a practice that still in 2009 affects members of our organization. Members of Pawa`s organization Musu Kambeng Kaffo and other affected members work and focus on the elimination of FGM within their respective communities but this battle continues as three million girls are estimated to be at risk of undergoing the procedure every year.
Pan African Women’s Association in joining the global battle against FGM hopes to secure the well being of its members, women and children at large.
JOIN US IN THIS BATTLE BECAUSE WE TOO DESERVE TO FEEL WELL- WE ARE WORTH IT!!!!
BREAKING SOCIAL ISOLATION AND ENCOURAGING GOOD MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICES OF AFRICAN WOMEN
Many African women have expressed to Pawa the lack of social and support networks they need to meet their everyday demands. Their challenges range from loneliness, to being a single woman, bringing up children in a foreign land, family conflicts, violence within the home, divorce or lack of awareness of public services ,how to access these services within the Norwegian society and the possibilities found in Norway. These challenges lead to mental health conditions and point to signs that the majority never seek help.
The aim is to contribute to healthy mental health attitudes within African women by developing Pawa to a well functioning and strong resource network that can identify the challenges of the women and contribute to the prevention and the improvement of the mental health of women, at the same time encourage them to come in contact with and put into use their inner strengths and resources in a positive way. | <urn:uuid:514994fb-d605-4f3c-acb8-3e5a4a3d15d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.pawa.no/?page_id=42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321426.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627134151-20170627154151-00044.warc.gz | en | 0.952512 | 604 | 3 | 3 |
March 7 - Clashes break out between demonstrators and police in Santiago during the first major student protest of 2013. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).
ROUGH CUT (NO REPORTER NARRATION) STORY: Clashes erupted on Thursday between student demonstrators and police in the Chilean capital of Santiago. Several arrests were made, and police used a water cannon in efforts to disperse the crowds. Some protesters hurled rocks at police and police vehicles, while others scrambled to avoid the violence. Frustrated at President Sebastian's Pinera's government's failure to deliver what they consider to be an adequate response to their demands, Chile's students have led regular protests calling for wide-ranging education reforms. Thursday marked the first large-scale student demonstration in the South American nation for the 2013 year. Tuition costs in Chile are among the highest in the world and students claim the government has increasingly skirted their demands for accessible education. | <urn:uuid:c0c7398f-2759-4750-8aff-e8449f5ca015> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://in.mobile.reuters.com/video/2013/03/07/clashes-erupt-during-student-protests-in?videoId=241521025 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823817.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212091014-20181212112514-00023.warc.gz | en | 0.955993 | 187 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Greek philosophy is supposed to make you think. Let’s start with Plato’s Cave theory.
For those of you who need a refresher on Plato’s most memorable thought exercise, you can’t do better than this.
Now I will try and convince you how powerful the Greek Gods truly are.
Unique wildlife and plant life are native to various parts of the world.
- Australia has the koala and the Tasmanian devil.
- China has the giant panda.
- Africa has giraffes and hippos.
- New Zealand has the Kiwi.
- America has rattle snakes.
- Canada and Alaska have polar bears.
- The ocean has tasty fish.
- Paradise has palm trees.
Why is it that kangaroos are native to Australia and not America?
- Did kangaroos migrate from Africa in large herds seeking out their own paradise?
- Did all the kangaroos in the world get trapped in Australia due to rising sea-levels?
- How come the stragglers didn’t end up somewhere else?
- Why did all of the kangaroos decide to leave Africa in the first place?
Creation or evolution?
- Koalas need a certain type of eucalyptus (gum) tree to survive.
- Koalas can’t live on any tree. Move them to the jungle and they’ll quickly disappear.
- How is it that cheetahs, the fastest animals on earth, weren’t found in America or Australia?
How come some creatures are struggling to evolve?
- Bees still make honey.
- Anteaters still prefer to eat termites.
- Sea horses still float around in the sea.
- Dung beetles still move dung around.
Surely a few of these creatures would have discovered better things to do with their life by now.
Why did we end up on Earth?
- Earth is a much better place than Mars and Venus.
- Earth has great beaches, music and oxygen.
- Food grows naturally on earth.
- Mars and Venus aren’t in the same league as Earth.
- The best thing going for Mars (War) and Venus (Love) is their association with Greek Mythology.
Don’t get misled into believing that the environment and the appearance of animals were the result of millions of years of evolution.
Think about Santorini.
A huge volcanic explosion created Santorini and its spectacular water-filled caldera.
Today, Santorini has evolved into a fabulous destination for lovers.
If you’ve holidayed on Santorini or seen the movie Summer Lovers (1982), then this Greek Philosophy will make perfect sense to you:
The Greek Gods created Santorini for Summer Lovers | <urn:uuid:07ae4fb6-3af2-45dd-9893-788f49cd8fff> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://greekgodsparadise.com/2017/12/29/greek-gods-look-down-on-santorini/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250628549.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125011232-20200125040232-00016.warc.gz | en | 0.916841 | 601 | 2.9375 | 3 |
When we take children into the care of the state, a prime responsibility is their safety.
We have matched comments about safety given to the Office of the Guardian by children during our monitoring visits and advocacy with those from the December 2016 Royal Commission paper Safe and Sound. There were overwhelming similarities. In this article we blend the two sources to consider the questions ‘do children feel safe’, ‘when do they feel safe’ and ‘what would they suggest to make things safer?’
How safe do children feel in residential care?
Residents often feel unsafe in residential care. Bullying and harassment are common. Adolescents report that they are frequently worried by the threat of sexual harassment and assault. Older residents say that the impact of witnessing violence, self-harm and the abuse of fellow-residents, leaves them stressed and feeling unsafe.
Children generally think it is unlikely that they would be abused or harmed by a worker, although a small number report that they have encountered or heard about abusive staff. Some are concerned by the behaviours of ‘creepy adults’ and those who try to create inappropriate and overly-familiar relationships with them. Children assess how safe workers are based on their past experiences of abuse, by watching the adults’ behaviours and by how other residents act around them.
Many children describe residential care as feeling unsafe due to its instability and frequent changes of staff. Some relate times when they were moved to less safe residential care placements for no reason than that other young people could take their rooms.
A few adolescents report that adults outside of residential care take advantage of children in care, exploiting their need for a sense of belonging, accommodation and money. A few report that some children in residential care engage in prostitution.
When do children in residential care feel safe?
Children feel safe in a placement that is home-like and where young people feel welcome. They like it where things feel ‘normal’ and where adults look out for them.
They want to see that organisations and workers take a resident’s safety seriously, that they are interested and take measures to protect them.
They feel safe when there are cordial relationships with their fellow-residents and workers, and that there are other supportive relationships, such as with a social worker or teacher, with people outside of the unit.
Really building relationships with kids works, because then they feel safer to come to you with pretty much any problem. They’re not going to come to you with problems, even if it’s something as simple as being bullied, they’re not going to come talk to you if they think you don’t like them or don’t listen.
Safe and Sound, p 66
Stability and predictability are important. Children need to know what is going to happen, and that any difficulties with fellow-residents can be resolved. Routines, reasonable rules and an opportunity to have a say in decisions give them confidence and sense of control.
They believe that when they are safe, children and young people feel relaxed and calm and are less likely to be aggressive and to harm each other.
Younger residents tend to value security measures such as locks on doors, surveillance equipment and alarms. In contrast, for older residents, these measures reinforce their sense that residential care is not home-like and is unsafe.
How could we make things safer?
Find more suitable care arrangements, particularly for those who are younger and more vulnerable and make better placement decisions that allow residents to have a say in how they are matched with other residents. Treat residential care as a long-term arrangement and make sure that changes are kept to a minimum.
Train staff about the things that can harm children and their vulnerabilities, particularly their inexperience about sexual relationships and exploitation. Have sufficient numbers of properly trained staff so that they have the time to develop relationships, are around and have the time to watch out for threats.
Train staff to take on parent-like responsibilities for protecting residents from harm. Get staff to discuss with residents the risks and how to keep themselves safe. Get staff and residents to work together to identify safety risks and develop ways of dealing with them. Staff need to take the initiative in enquiring after residents’ safety because it is easier for staff to ask residents if they are being harmed rather than waiting for them to report it. Try to create an atmosphere where there are positive relationships between residents where young people can look out for each other.
Hearing the resident’s voice
Staff need to be prepared to listen when residents raise concerns and to be understanding and patient, even when the issues do not seem important at first. Residents need to be informed that it is OK to raise an issue, what sorts of issues to raise and how to do it. Make sure that it is safe to do so and that they will not suffer retribution.
A lot of the time it can feel like nothing happens [when an issues is raised] or it gets lost or stuck in the system… No matter what, [issues] should be followed up by someone and the young person should be kept in the loop with regular communication.
Young person in residential care
The Child and Young Person’s Visitor Scheme that is hosted in the Office of the Guardian is now well under way and we look forwards to presenting more of the views of children and the state of the system in future articles.
We use the term ‘children’ to include children and young people up to the age of 18 years. We use terms such as ‘adolescent’ and ‘pre-teen’ to refer to specific age ranges within that group. | <urn:uuid:8f37fd4c-9909-4096-bc9b-7a5081d82acc> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://www.gcyp.sa.gov.au/publication/articles-and-opinion-pieces/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583743003.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120224955-20190121010931-00042.warc.gz | en | 0.973357 | 1,163 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Mongolia is best known for angry horsemen. But Hamid Sardar-Afkhami has chosen to document the lives of the peaceful, reindeer herding Dukha people. Nomadic herders, they live in Mongolian north, where they herd, well, reindeer. The beasts provide milk and cheese, but also mounts for the hunt. If there’s irony in hunting wild elk while astride a reindeer, it’s lost to both the hunters and their antlered steeds.
Children in the tribe are exposed to the beautiful reindeer from birth. The reindeer are docile and gentle companions, even to the smallest of Dukha children.
A Harvard Ph.D. in Sanskrit and Tibetan Studies makes Hamid Sardar-Afkhami perfectly suited to study these peoples. And just in the nick of time, too. Dukha numbers are dwindling, currently counting 44 families, or somewhere between 200 and 400 people. The reindeer aren’t that numerous, either, with about 600 remaining out of 2000 that were estimated to be in 1970’s. In his work to preserve the culture of these people, Hamid has made a movie called ‘The Reindeer People’, which, among other things, depicts their magical connection to forests filled with the spirits of their ancestors.
The Dukha train golden eagles to aid in their hunting.
They are very in tune with the world around them and proud of their way of life.
The Dukha do not typically eat the reindeer unless the animals are no longer capable of helping them hunt or travel. | <urn:uuid:e69b0346-80aa-4b90-bf71-a8eb8add6259> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://www.animalsalvation.org/a-photographer-recently-discovered-a-lost-mongolian-tribe-these-stunning-photos-are-hard-to-believe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549425082.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170725062346-20170725082346-00094.warc.gz | en | 0.959901 | 350 | 2.828125 | 3 |
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