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breastmilk\tproduction.\nIron.\nThe\tRDA\tfor\tiron\tsignificantly\tincreases\tin\tpregnancy.\tAn\testimated\t42%\tof\tpregnant\twomen\nworldwide\thave\tiron\tdeficiency\tanemia\twith\twide\tregional\tvariability.\tAlthough\tprevalence\n\tis\thighest\nin\tdeveloping\tcountries,\tan\testimated\t33%\tof\tlow-income\tpreg...
[ 0.038398172706365585, -0.018497301265597343, 0.02936585247516632, 0.009152869693934917, -0.0313834547996521, 0.0011795640457421541, 0.03333815187215805, 0.02695801667869091, -0.08210267871618271, 0.03907932713627815, 0.09733285009860992, -0.05576670169830322, -0.02912166342139244, -0.00717...
anemic\tin\tthe\tthird\ttrimester\t(\nMurray-Kolb,\t2011\n).\nInadequate\tiron\tconsumption\tmay\tlead\tto\tpoor\themoglobin\tproduction,\tfollowed\tby\tcompromised\ndelivery\tof\toxygen,\tas\twell\tas\tiron,\tto\tthe\tuterus,\tplacenta,\tand\tdeveloping\tfetus.\tThe\tplacenta\ncontains\tmultiple\tiron\ttransporter\tpr...
[ -0.029985016211867332, -0.010607998818159103, 0.031892966479063034, -0.037650905549526215, -0.0522424578666687, 0.034023430198431015, 0.07816760987043381, -0.002020381623879075, 0.0269073024392128, 0.06467485427856445, 0.06841985136270523, -0.017196184024214745, 0.03771669790148735, -0.002...
both\theme\tand\tnonheme\tiron\tbut\tthey\tare\tnot\tyet\nfully\tdescribed,\tespecially\tfor\theme\tiron\t(\nFisher\tand\tNemeth,\t2017\n).\tThere\tis\tsome\tevidence\tthat\nferritin\tcan\talso\tbe\ttransported,\tas\twell\tas\tpreliminary\tevidence\tthat\tdietary\theme\tiron\tis\npreferentially\ttransported\tto\tthe\tf...
[ 0.03375297784805298, 0.013760109432041645, 0.04766809567809105, -0.07620837539434433, -0.033145975321531296, 0.032746102660894394, 0.0229243915528059, -0.05718233808875084, 0.013006889261305332, 0.029169877991080284, 0.05345499888062477, -0.05417252331972122, 0.012957757338881493, 0.000423...
O’Brien\tand\tRu,\t2017\n).\tIron\ttransport\tis\tregulated,\tbalancing\nmaternal\tand\tfetal\tneeds\t(\nCao\tand\tFleming,\t2016\n).\tThe\tfetus\n\tappears\tto\tdrive\tplacental\tiron\ntransport,\talthough\tit\tis\tunclear\thow\tthe\tplacenta\tsenses\tthe\tfetal\tdemand.\tFetal\thepcidin,\tas\twe
[ 0.0064109922386705875, -0.011521181091666222, 0.05909139662981033, -0.07906011492013931, -0.10106953233480453, 0.028272612020373344, 0.058782052248716354, -0.03203471750020981, -0.015124998986721039, 0.027470318600535393, 0.06972117722034454, -0.059528421610593796, -0.015156615525484085, 0...
currently\tunderstand\tit,\tusually\tremains\tlow,\tallowing\thigh\ttransfer\trates\tof\tiron\tfrom\tthe\tplacenta\tto\nthe\tfetus.\tHowever,\tthere\tis\tspeculation\tthat\televated\tfetal\thepcidin\tlevels,\tas\tmight\tbe\tfound\tin\tfetal\ninflammation,\t(i.e.,\tchorioamnionitis),\tmay\tinhibit\tthe\ttransfer\n\tof\t...
[ 0.0025431739632040262, -0.05530855804681778, 0.028976157307624817, -0.07277033478021622, -0.1409427672624588, -0.018373427912592888, 0.07127323746681213, 0.006383839529007673, -0.017606103792786598, 0.055063169449567795, 0.10549614578485489, -0.033905066549777985, 0.054143548011779785, 0.0...
of\tiron\tfrom\tthe\tplacenta\tto\tthe\tfetus\n(\nFisher\tand\tNemeth,\t2017\n).\tSupplementation\tmay\timprove\tmaternal\tstatus\tbut\tdoesn’t\tnecessarily\nimprove\tcord\tlevels\tbecause\tfetal\ttransfer\tcan\tbe\tsustained\tuntil\tmaternal\tanemia\tbecomes\ttoo\nsevere\t(hemoglobin\t<\t9\tg/dL\tor\tserum\tferritin\t...
[ -0.0028881393373012543, -0.037161052227020264, -0.004848130978643894, -0.0478602834045887, -0.060276854783296585, 0.005861413665115833, 0.04083282873034477, 0.0824097990989685, -0.029957203194499016, 0.05317962169647217, 0.08005131036043167, -0.021555382758378983, 0.018983427435159683, 0.0...
Georgieff,\t2017\n).\nIron\tdeficiency\tanemia\t(IDA)\tis\tassociated\twith\tIUGR\t(threefold\tincrease\tin\tLBW),\tpreterm\n\tdelivery\n(twofold\tincreased\tincidence),\tincreased\tfetal\tand\tneonatal\tmortality,\tand\tif\tsevere\t(hemoglobin\t<\t9\ng/dL),\twith\tcomplications\tduring\tdelivery\t(\nAuerbach,\t2018\n)...
[ -0.0022175919730216265, -0.038565970957279205, 0.020182138308882713, -0.008880594745278358, -0.05596732720732689, 0.024878228083252907, 0.07069576531648636, 0.04904601350426674, -0.00043257136712782085, 0.05900280177593231, 0.07574199885129929, -0.022598568350076675, -0.046815961599349976, ...
Auerbach,\t2018\n).\tIDA\talso\tis\tassociated\twith\tincreased\nfetal\tcortisol\tproduction\tand\toxidative\tdamage\tto\tfetal\terythrocytes\t(\nHovdenak\tand\tHaram,\t2012\n).\nEarly\tiron\tdeficiency\taffects\tfetal\tbrain\tdevelopment\tand\tthe\tregulation\tof\tbrain\tfunction\n\tin\tmultiple\nways\t(see\t\nTable\t...
[ 0.0002079566038446501, -0.06181519851088524, 0.023852165788412094, -0.011085734702646732, -0.05607173591852188, 0.033224355429410934, 0.0897248238325119, 0.08775535970926285, -0.015329992398619652, 0.08420473337173462, 0.09403838962316513, -0.023878995329141617, -0.04310942813754082, 0.077...
in\tmultiple\nways\t(see\t\nTable\t14.7\n).\tBecause\terythropoiesis\tgets\tpriority\tover\tthe\tbrain\tand\tother\torgans,\tfetal\nbrain\tiron\tdeficiency\tcan\toccur\tbefore\tmaternal\tIDA\tis\tidentified\tand\tbetter\tfunctional\tmeasures\tare\nneeded\t(\nGeorgieff,\t2017\n).\tNeonatal\tiron\tdeficiency\tcan\tresult...
[ -0.00796089880168438, -0.04288659244775772, 0.06824276596307755, -0.02849021553993225, -0.10185572504997253, 0.012793028727173805, 0.06246054917573929, 0.005228848662227392, 0.020441919565200806, 0.08222667872905731, 0.08948105573654175, -0.01810446009039879, 0.015819041058421135, 0.055353...
deficient,\tbut\tmaternal\thypertension\tand\ttherefore\trestricted\tblood\tflow,\tas\twell\tas\tmaternal\nsmoking\tand\tprematurity,\talso\tincrease\tthe\trisk.\tInfants\tof\tmothers\twith\tdiabetes\tare\talso\tmore\nlikely\tto\tdevelop\tiron\tdeficiency\tbecause\tof\tincreased\tfetal\tdemands\twith\tmacrosomia\tand\t...
[ 0.022122398018836975, -0.03866962715983391, 0.0316300131380558, -0.01681814342737198, -0.049325644969940186, -0.009270258247852325, 0.08174625039100647, 0.1077730804681778, -0.037261225283145905, 0.0384475477039814, 0.07301920652389526, -0.05687935650348663, 0.035559650510549545, 0.0245539...
hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia\tincreasing\tfetal\toxygen\tconsumption,\tbut\talso\twith\nhyperglycosylation\tof\tthe\tplacental\ttransferrin\treceptors\trestricting\tiron\ttransport\tto\tthe\tfetus\t(\nRao\nand\tGeorgieff,\t2012\n),\tall\tresulting\tin\ta\t40%\treduction\tin\tbrain\tiron\tconcentration.\tThese\tchange...
[ -0.025135403499007225, -0.05986431986093521, -0.006040817126631737, 0.0076192831620574, -0.09499629586935043, 0.005010557360947132, 0.08890024572610855, 0.08744639903306961, -0.0671476423740387, 0.028935810551047325, 0.03184301033616066, -0.0332346186041832, 0.014663677662611008, 0.0253885...
result\tin\tlong-term\tneurobehavioral\timpairments\taffecting\ttemperament,\tinteractions\twith\tothers,\nlearning,\tand\tmemory\tand\talso\tmay\tresult\tin\tgenomic\tchanges.\nMaternal\teffects\tof\tIDA\tinclude\tfatigue,\tdyspnea,\tlight-headedness,\tand\tpoor\texercise\ttolerance.\nPrenatal\tweight\tgain\tis\tlikel...
[ 0.04464345797896385, -0.019676528871059418, 0.09009364992380142, 0.03818172216415405, -0.10508283972740173, 0.002601322717964649, 0.10499370098114014, -0.009188751690089703, -0.037739936262369156, 0.039423663169145584, 0.1071157231926918, -0.042829729616642, 0.025076691061258316, 0.0155200...
Prenatal\tweight\tgain\tis\tlikely\tto\tbe\tlow.\tThe\tmother\tis\tat\trisk\n\tof\tincreased\tblood\tloss\twith\tuterine\natony\tduring\tdelivery,\tthus\tincreasing\ther\trisk\tof\tneeding\ta\tblood\ttransfusion.\tWound\thealing\tand\nimmune\tfunction\tare\timpaired.\tShe\tis\tmore\tlikely\tto\tsuffer\tfrom\tpostpartum...
[ -0.011218222789466381, -0.04827373847365379, 0.06284555047750473, -0.005849083419889212, -0.1278865486383438, 0.00969787035137415, 0.0508582666516304, 0.002158673480153084, -0.025074250996112823, 0.108621746301651, 0.13414908945560455, -0.0590667687356472, -0.00004083452222403139, -0.02618...
maternal/infant\tinteraction,\tand\timpaired\tlactation.\tThere\tis\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tnegative\talterations\nin\tcognition,\temotions,\tquality\tof\tlife,\tand\tbehavior\tmay\toccur\tbefore\n\tovert\tIDA\tis\treached,\tbut\tthe\ndegree\tof\tiron\tdeficiency\tassociated\twith\tnegative\tconsequences\tremains\tunkno...
[ 0.035379745066165924, -0.058020494878292084, 0.0326993390917778, -0.011570819653570652, -0.1304009109735489, 0.035746410489082336, 0.041000671684741974, 0.0003698401269502938, 0.007633035536855459, 0.11005022376775742, 0.13542670011520386, -0.062378428876399994, -0.030157871544361115, 0.04...
during\tpregnancy\timproves\tmaternal\tiron\tstatus\tpostpartum\tand\talso\tis\tassociated\twith\timproved\ninfant\tdevelopment\t(\nMurray-Kolb,\t2011\n).\nPlasma\tvolume\tincreases\t50%\tfrom\tbaseline,\tand\tnormal\terythrocyte\tvolume\tincreases\tby\t20%\tto\n30%\tin\tpregnancy.\tThis\tmarked\tincrease\tin\tthe\n\tm...
[ -0.00230013532564044, -0.04490656405687332, 0.000560570100788027, -0.014544534496963024, -0.03605217859148979, 0.04119129478931427, 0.0821555033326149, 0.07562916725873947, -0.00814906507730484, 0.07146307826042175, 0.11534346640110016, -0.048360154032707214, -0.001499780104495585, 0.02129...
maternal\tblood\tsupply\tduring\tpregnancy,\tas\twell\tas\nfetal\tneeds,\tgreatly\tincreases\tthe\tdemand\tfor\tiron.\tThe\testimated\ttotal\trequirement\tfor\tpregnancy\tis\n1190\tmg,\tbut\twith\tthe\tcessation\tof\tmenses,\tthe\taverage\tnet\tdeficit\tis\t580\tmg.\tAdded\tto\ther\tnormal\nrequirements,\ta\tpregnant\t...
[ 0.006009385455399752, -0.01499643363058567, 0.014170798473060131, 0.0017269480740651488, -0.057124845683574677, -0.0068163503892719746, 0.014901401475071907, 0.049284037202596664, -0.04157151281833649, 0.06394630670547485, 0.14476214349269867, -0.06377749890089035, 0.01135850790888071, -0....
absorption\tis\toften\t1\tto\t2\tmg/day\tfrom\ta\tnormal\tdiet,\tand\n\t3\tto\t5\tmg/day\tif\tthe\tdiet\tcontains\thigh-iron\nfoods\t(\nLee\tand\tOkam,\t2011\n).\tAbsorption\tof\tboth\theme\tand\tnonheme\tiron\tincreases\tduring\npregnancy.\tHepcidin\tlevels\tdecrease\tin\tthe\tsecond\tand\tthird\ttrimesters,\tthus\tin...
[ 0.017170190811157227, -0.032810889184474945, 0.032316021621227264, 0.05361759290099144, -0.030066538602113724, -0.013607427477836609, 0.11923611909151077, 0.008070703595876694, -0.02148233912885189, 0.019970307126641273, 0.0919017642736435, -0.029668467119336128, 0.016167160123586655, -0.0...
iron\tto\tthe\tplacenta\tand\ttherefore,\tthe\tfetus\t(\nFisher\tand\tNemeth,\t2017\n).\tHowever,\tthe\tmechanism\nthat\tcauses\tthis\tdecrease\tin\tmaternal\thepcidin\tis\tnot\tyet\tknown\tand\n\tit\tis\talso\tunknown\thow\tiron\nsupplementation\taffects\thepcidin\tlevels\tduring\tpregnancy.\tWhile\thepcidin\tcertainl...
[ -0.0026844986714422703, -0.016285253688693047, 0.05146379768848419, 0.04804558679461479, -0.0512891560792923, 0.013154074549674988, 0.07846583425998688, -0.02212422713637352, -0.022445406764745712, 0.07253605127334595, 0.11130232363939285, -0.04935012385249138, 0.0012337237130850554, -0.00...
availability\tof\tnonheme\tiron,\tthere\tis\talso\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tit\timpacts\theme\tiron\tavailability\tas\nwell.\tElevated\tmaternal\thepcidin\tlevels,\tcausing\tlower\tthan\toptimal\ttransfer\tof\tiron\tto\tthe\tplacenta,\nwould\tbe\timportant\tin\tthe\tcase\tof\tinflammation.\tHowever,\tthe\tnormal\tinflamma...
[ -0.0039438605308532715, -0.07523525506258011, 0.0265381820499897, -0.05814046785235405, -0.07959704846143723, 0.01802891120314598, 0.05330758914351463, -0.0011506364680826664, 0.03278385102748871, 0.05499609559774399, 0.086654432117939, -0.03231796249747276, 0.07264454662799835, 0.00998768...
of\thealthy\npregnancies\tdoes\tnot\tseem\tto\tincrease\thepcidin.\tPregnancies\twith\tmore\tintense\tinflammation\tmay,\nhowever,\tcause\thepcidin\tlevels\tto\tincrease\tand\ttherefore,\tiron\tavailability\tto\tdrop.\tHow\timportant\nthis\tis\tin\tthe\tcase\tof\tthe\tinflammation\tassociated\twith\tmaternal\tobesity\t...
[ -0.0013576194178313017, -0.05335089564323425, 0.04887516424059868, 0.03017229586839676, -0.1360527127981186, 0.014990738593041897, 0.1025097668170929, 0.04200747609138489, -0.0008838734938763082, 0.04636535793542862, 0.12476588785648346, -0.07023443281650543, 0.008670196868479252, 0.024566...
currently\tunclear.\tThe\teffect\tof\tsupplementation\ton\tintestinal\tabsorption\tis\talso\tunclear,\n\tas\tis\tthe\npossible\tincreased\trisk\tof\thigher\texposure\twith\tincreased\tintake\t(\nBrannon\tet\tal,\t2017\n),\tas\twell\tas\tthe\nrole\tof\tunabsorbed\tiron\ton\tthe\tmicrobiome.\tMost\taccretion\toccurs\taft...
[ 0.008563484996557236, -0.06921303272247314, 0.027684153988957405, -0.07120270282030106, -0.14188788831233978, 0.0005508894682861865, 0.05471137538552284, -0.0029257661662995815, -0.01055717933923006, 0.06382923573255539, 0.09336306154727936, -0.047816164791584015, 0.05629466474056244, 0.02...
gestation,\twhen\tmaternal\tand\tfetal\tdemands\tare\tgreatest.\tThose\tat\thighest\trisk\tof\tIDA\tare\twomen\nwith\tinadequate\tiron\tstores,\tincluding\tthose\twith\tshort\tinterconceptual\tperiods,\tthose\twith\tpoor\nhabitual\tintakes,\tthose\twith\timpaired\tabsorption\tincluding\ta\thistory\tof\tbariatric\tsurge...
[ 0.015223553404211998, -0.008930973708629608, 0.07958610355854034, -0.020637376233935356, -0.11433298885822296, -0.023435762152075768, 0.055011313408613205, 0.0029979534447193146, -0.005776819307357073, 0.09745865315198898, 0.11467196047306061, -0.057342831045389175, 0.01825227402150631, 0....
use\tof\tantacids,\tand\tthose\twho\thave\texperienced\tred\tcell\tdestruction\tfrom\tmalaria\tor\texcessive\nblood\tloss\tfrom\theavy\tmenstrual\tflow\tor\tprior\thookworm\tinfections.\nA\tfirst\ttrimester\tserum\tferritin\tlevel\tmay\tbe\tassessed\tand\tif\tless\tthan\t20\tmcg/L,\tsupplementation\nmay\tbe\tnecessary\...
[ 0.008678012527525425, -0.017283493652939796, 0.05882368981838226, -0.04962710663676262, -0.07731683552265167, -0.016834473237395287, 0.07293858379125595, -0.019810745492577553, 0.017517685890197754, 0.059840843081474304, 0.08896874636411667, -0.04110619053244591, 0.05999167263507843, 0.028...
may\tbe\tnecessary\t(\nLee\tand\tOkam,\t2011\n).\tHowever,\tchecking\tred\tblood\tcell\tindices\ton\tthe\tcomplete\nblood\tcount\t(CBC)\t(see\t\nChapter\t5\n)\tis\toften\tadequate.\tHemoglobin\tand\thematocrit\tvalues\tnormally\ndecrease\tin\tthe\tsecond\ttrimester\t(see\t\nTable\t14.5\n).\tNot\tdecreasing\tmay\tbe\ta\...
[ -0.02305574342608452, -0.0278665442019701, 0.0547991618514061, -0.056828662753105164, -0.08475079387426376, 0.025354869663715363, 0.07137587666511536, 0.015483979135751724, 0.006834615953266621, 0.08238792419433594, 0.0929768979549408, -0.031002815812826157, -0.0023825548123568296, 0.01844...
Table\t14.5\n).\tNot\tdecreasing\tmay\tbe\ta\tsign\tof\tpoor\tblood\nvolume\texpansion,\twhich\tis\tassociated\twith\tincreasing\trisk\tof\ta\tgrowth-restricted\tinfant,\tpreterm\ndelivery,\tand\tstillbirth\t(\nLuke,\t2015\n).\tSerum\tvalues\n\tshould\tincrease\tagain\tin\tthe\tthird\ttrimester\tfor
[ 0.031138664111495018, 0.014796584844589233, 0.04428648576140404, -0.04794899374246597, -0.06935599446296692, 0.027970734983682632, 0.039949070662260056, 0.006499145179986954, -0.0004411950067151338, 0.1011190265417099, 0.14214344322681427, -0.0756748840212822, 0.008530782535672188, -0.0238...
).\tSerum\tvalues\n\tshould\tincrease\tagain\tin\tthe\tthird\ttrimester\tfor\nbest\toutcomes,\tbut\toften\tthis\trise\tis\tnot\tseen\tand\tintervention\tis\tmerited.\tIf\tanemia\tdoes\tnot\timprove\nwith\tiron\ttherapy\t(i.e.,\tan\tincrease\tof\t1\tg\themoglobin\tor\t3%\tin\thematocrit\tby\t4\tweeks\t[\nCDC,\t1998\n]),...
[ -0.007178138010203838, -0.05919288098812103, 0.005318572744727135, -0.02168402634561062, -0.049831025302410126, 0.02796274423599243, 0.138881653547287, 0.05108706280589104, -0.03958107903599739, 0.08198313415050507, 0.08215326815843582, -0.041600052267313004, 0.013333020731806755, 0.039653...
CDC,\t1998\n]),\nit\tis\tadvised\tto\tcheck\tvitamins\tB\n6\n,\tB\n12\n,\tand\tfolate\tstatus,\talthough\tmany\tother\tnutrients,\tincluding\nprotein,\tcobalt,\tmagnesium,\tselenium,\tzinc,\n\tcopper,\tvitamins\tA\tand\tC,\tlipids,\tand\tcarbohydrate,\talso\nmay\tplay\ta\trole\t(\nLee\tand\tOkam,\t2011\n;\t\nMechanick\...
[ -0.03043750859797001, -0.06247787922620773, 0.0035986006259918213, -0.030316375195980072, -0.05612330138683319, 0.0470314547419548, 0.08558487147092819, 0.04268374666571617, 0.008462229743599892, 0.03937308490276337, 0.07244361191987991, -0.04326552897691727, 0.035761382430791855, 0.025119...
Lee\tand\tOkam,\t2011\n;\t\nMechanick\tet\tal,\t2013\n;\t\nWu\tet\tal,\t2012a\n).\nHigh\tiron\tstatus\tis\talso\tassociated\twith\tpoor\tfetal\tgrowth,\tpreterm\tdelivery,\tpreeclampsia,\ngestational\tdiabetes,\tand\tstillbirth.\tHowever,\tthe\tmechanism(s)\tare\tunclear\tbut\tmay\tinclude\tthe\nactual\tiron\tstatus\t(...
[ -0.04197491705417633, 0.023020898923277855, 0.04246353730559349, 0.001637744251638651, -0.05254048481583595, 0.033272016793489456, 0.03460955619812012, 0.011837350204586983, -0.02008035220205784, 0.07432365417480469, 0.13872990012168884, -0.042436160147190094, 0.01955811306834221, -0.03162...
flow\tand/or\tpoor\tplacental\nperfusion),\trelative\tzinc\tand\tcopper\tdeficiencies,\toxidative\tstress\twith\tsupplementation,\taltered\tgut\nmicrobiome,\tand/or\tpoor\tplasma\tvolume\texpansion\titself\t(\nBrannon\tand\tTaylor,\t2017\n;\t\nFisher\tand\nNemeth,\t2017\n).\tSerum\tferritin\tmay\talso\tjust\tbe\ta\tpro...
[ -0.008128892630338669, -0.029118521139025688, 0.08022940158843994, -0.058565519750118256, -0.09589708596467972, 0.02329273894429207, 0.07601961493492126, 0.001533034141175449, -0.016730250790715218, 0.02056904509663582, 0.08174768090248108, -0.05606332793831825, 0.019318370148539543, 0.021...
context\tof\tmaternal\tobesity\t(\nVricella,\t2017\n).\tThere\tare\tno\tgood\tfunctional\n\tmeasures\tof\treplete\tvs.\nexcess\tiron\tstatus\t(\nBrannon\tand\tTaylor,\t2017\n),\tnor\tis\tthere\ta\tgood\tway\tto\tadjust\tserum\tferritin\tor
[ 0.011910884641110897, -0.05633539333939552, 0.004168153274804354, -0.07558968663215637, -0.08391973376274109, 0.030787570402026176, 0.08590066432952881, 0.0040025869384408, -0.010980414226651192, 0.050422899425029755, 0.0546143613755703, -0.030351554974913597, 0.06319107115268707, 0.081136...
hepcidin\tfor\tinflammation\tbut\tthere\tis\tevidence\tthat\tthe\tobesity-associated\tinflammation\tdoes\tnot\noverride\tthe\tinfluence\tof\tlow\tiron\tstatus\ton\thepcidin\tsignaling\t(\nO’Brien\tand\tRu,\t2017\n).\nBecause\tmany\twomen\tdo\tnot\tenter\tpregnancy\twith\tsufficient\tiron\tstores\tto\tcover\tthe\tphysio...
[ 0.0177917443215847, -0.04676927998661995, 0.020690931007266045, 0.026650428771972656, -0.07781081646680832, 0.048254285007715225, 0.08592414855957031, 0.03609280288219452, 0.009721670299768448, 0.048672765493392944, 0.12243670970201492, -0.03424784913659096, -0.0073203654028475285, 0.03944...
needs\tof\tpregnancy,\tiron\tsupplementation\t(usually\tas\ta\tferrous\tsalt)\toften\tis\tprescribed,\tbut\tthe\namount\tof\telemental\tiron\tcontained\tvaries\tby\tthe\tpreparation\t(\nOffice\tof\tDietary\tSupplements\t[ODS],\n2018\n).\tThe\tiron\tin\tthe\tsupplement\talready\tis\treduced\t(i.e.,\tferrous\trather\ttha...
[ 0.010211538523435593, -0.014593765139579773, 0.054686643183231354, -0.027875375002622604, -0.10748086124658585, 0.012862675823271275, 0.04162905365228653, -0.005577967967838049, 0.03977658227086067, 0.0595962293446064, 0.10590187460184097, -0.043383173644542694, 0.037998370826244354, 0.030...
supplement\twith\twater\tis\teffective\tand\tconsuming\tit\twith\tjuice\tis\tnot\tnecessary.\tAs\twith\tall\tnonheme\nsources,\tsupplements\tshould\tnot\tbe\ttaken\twith\tcoffee,\ttea,\tor\tmilk\tto\toptimize\tabsorption.\tIron\nsupplements\tshould\tbe\ttaken\tseparately\tfrom\tthe\tprenatal\tvitamins\tto\tminimize\tth...
[ -0.00653014425188303, -0.01571345515549183, 0.056805308908224106, -0.03869112953543663, -0.06131719425320625, 0.019339630380272865, 0.08913107216358185, 0.0062863328494131565, -0.05840370059013367, 0.022556861862540245, 0.06867343187332153, -0.021773355081677437, 0.07173430919647217, 0.001...
other\tminerals.\tAbsorption\tis\tbest\tif\ttaken\ton\tan\tempty\tstomach,\tbut\ttolerance\tis\toften\tworse.\nMultiple\tsupplements\tshould\tbe\ttaken\tseparately\tfrom\teach\tother\tto\tmaximize\tabsorption,\tbut\ndiminishing\tabsorption\n\tis\tseen\twith\tincreasing\tdosage,\tso\ttolerance\tof\tside\teffects\tshould...
[ 0.06371848285198212, -0.08194073289632797, 0.023727523162961006, -0.030048582702875137, -0.0811181366443634, -0.005647990852594376, 0.12326819449663162, 0.010512561537325382, -0.04310489818453789, 0.0792151615023613, 0.09086339175701141, -0.006538623012602329, 0.08318561315536499, 0.061223...
balanced\tagainst\tneed.\tEnteric-coated\tand\tdelayed-release\tpreparations\tproduce\tfewer\tside\teffects,\nbut\tbecause\tthey\tare\tnot\twell\tabsorbed\tthey\tare\tnot\trecommended.\tIntravenous\tiron\tcan\tbe\tused\nduring\tpregnancy,\teven\tas\ta\tfirst\tline\ttreatment,\tin\tthe\tsecond\tand\tthird\ttrimesters\t(...
[ -0.019764017313718796, -0.008310280740261078, 0.025366943329572678, -0.017265262082219124, -0.08063142001628876, 0.012974981218576431, 0.06506223231554031, 0.04189693182706833, 0.0046318708918988705, 0.03726867213845253, 0.0703871101140976, -0.03729211539030075, 0.03491954877972603, -0.000...
Auerbach,\n2018\n).\nIron\tsupplementation\tis\tcontroversial.\n\tCDC\tand\tWHO\trecommend\troutine\tearly\tiron\nsupplementation\tto\tlower\tthe\trisk\tof\tmaternal\tanemia,\tLBW,\tand\tpreterm\tdelivery\t(\nWHO,\t2016b\n).\nThe\tUSPSTF\tstates\tthat\twhile\tsupplementation\tmay\timprove\tmaternal\tiron\tstatus,\tthe\...
[ 0.005590824410319328, -0.020325258374214172, 0.03280530869960785, -0.02556719444692135, -0.06522224843502045, 0.04608374834060669, 0.04200912266969681, 0.02818474918603897, -0.04099706560373306, 0.08152581751346588, 0.06438890099525452, -0.039730533957481384, -0.024204539135098457, -0.0041...
supporting\troutine\tsupplementation\tto\timprove\teither\tmaternal\tor\tinfant\tclinical\toutcomes\tis\ninconclusive\t(\nCantor\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tACOG\trecommends\tscreening\teveryone\tand\tsupplementing\n\tthose\nwith\tdocumented\tIDA.\tHowever,\tfor\tthose\tat\trisk\tof\tchronic\tiron\toverload,\tincluding\tthose\...
[ -0.06946004182100296, -0.03620441257953644, 0.03175247833132744, -0.09605782479047775, -0.029538093134760857, 0.0027400634717196226, 0.08508134633302689, 0.025031937286257744, -0.0535295270383358, 0.03215064853429794, 0.052676282823085785, -0.028629625216126442, 0.028126293793320656, 0.026...
hemochromatosis\tand\tbeta-thalassemia,\tiron\tsupplementation\tmay\tnot\tbe\trecommended.\tIron\nsupplements\tmay\tcause\toxidative\tdamage\tand\tmay\texacerbate\tinflammation.\tConsequently,\novertreatment\tof\tIDA\tis\tnow\tthought\tto\tbe\tassociated\twith\tpreterm\tdelivery,\tIUGR,\tand\tGDM\n(\nHovdenak\tand\tHar...
[ -0.007525713182985783, -0.0300558190792799, 0.028535008430480957, -0.0362527035176754, -0.0829906091094017, 0.01991225779056549, 0.07724827527999878, 0.07904498279094696, -0.018542850390076637, 0.05431906878948212, 0.06161333620548248, 0.019074952229857445, -0.011982294730842113, 0.0232169...
(\nHovdenak\tand\tHaram,\t2012\n;\tsee\t\nChapter\t7\n\tfor\tother\texamples\tof\toxidative\tdamage).\tIntermittent\nsupplementation\t(one\tto\ttwo\ttimes\tper\tweek)\tmay\tbe\teffective\t(\nKaiser\tand\tCampbell,\t2014\n),\tpossibly\nby\tminimizing\tthe\tincrease\tin\thepcidin\tlevels\t(\nAuerbach,\t2018\n).\tNonphysi...
[ -0.009254276752471924, -0.06589256972074509, 0.07295607775449753, -0.020154528319835663, -0.1091257780790329, 0.019264385104179382, 0.08237277716398239, 0.0005143109592609107, 0.020439807325601578, 0.04486755654215813, 0.0609874501824379, -0.05011621490120888, 0.04011240601539612, 0.045765...
Auerbach,\t2018\n).\tNonphysiologic\tintakes\tof\tiron,\tas\nwould\tbe\tachieved\twith\tsupplementation,\tmay\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tinfections,\tespecially\timportant\nfor\tpeople\tliving\tin\tunsanitary\tsettings\t(\nPrentice\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tIn\tareas\twhere\tbacterial\tand\tprotozoal
[ 0.004937743302434683, -0.02039315551519394, 0.04408487305045128, -0.023617975413799286, -0.07551702857017517, 0.014979038387537003, 0.09341029822826385, 0.0156668983399868, -0.005682663060724735, 0.10043083876371384, 0.1131042093038559, -0.06711798906326294, -0.017156705260276794, 0.055072...
Prentice\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tIn\tareas\twhere\tbacterial\tand\tprotozoal\ninfections,\tespecially\tmalaria,\tare\tof\tconcern,\tfood\tfortification\tproviding\tsmaller\tdoses\tat\ta\ttime\tmay\nbe\tsafer\tthan\tsupplementation.\tIn\taddition,\tiron\tsupplements\tare\textremely\tdangerous\tfor\tsmall\nchildren.\tDoses\t...
[ -0.07598111778497696, 0.02821214124560356, 0.017878130078315735, -0.039917197078466415, -0.07563605904579163, 0.001041004084981978, 0.059258829802274704, -0.0038211264181882143, -0.0016304325545206666, 0.054923541843891144, 0.13914300501346588, -0.07545387744903564, 0.010988366790115833, 0...
ODS,\t2018\n),\tso\nmothers\tmust\tbe\treminded\tto\tkeep\tsupplements\tout\tof\tthe\treach\n\tof\tchildren.\nBecause\tof\tthe\tconcerns\twith\tiron\tsupplementation,\tincluding\tcompliance,\tsafety,\tand\neffectiveness,\temphasizing\tdietary\tsources\tof\tiron\tis\tnecessary.\tThe\tbest\tsources\tof\tiron\tare\tred\nm...
[ -0.015402521938085556, -0.034207675606012344, 0.0348995178937912, -0.0421241894364357, -0.10160713642835617, -0.029818294569849968, 0.07317428290843964, -0.021479127928614616, 0.05459675192832947, 0.060416799038648605, 0.08782985806465149, -0.009576349519193172, 0.07733755558729172, 0.0126...
meats,\tincluding\twild\tmeats,\t(see\t\nAppendix\t43\n)\tbecause\tof\ttheir\theme\tcontent,\tand\tmany\torgan\nmeats\tmay\tcontain\teven\thigher\tlevels\tof\tiron.\tIt\tis\timportant\tto\tlimit\tthe\tamount\tof\tliver\tand\tliver\nproducts\n\t(pté,\tliverwurst,\tbraunschweiger)\tin\tthe\tfirst\ttrimester\tbecause\tof\...
[ 0.0035532123874872923, 0.004088180605322123, 0.07514392584562302, -0.02018899843096733, -0.09628506749868393, -0.007115380838513374, 0.04404661804437637, -0.018082978203892708, 0.03694888576865196, 0.04096459597349167, 0.08076206594705582, -0.02212982065975666, -0.008913489989936352, -0.01...
contents.\nVegetable\tsources,\tcontaining\tonly\tnonheme\tiron,\tare\tless\twell\tabsorbed,\tand\tvolume\tmay\tbecome\nthe\tlimiting\tfactor,\tespecially\tlate\tin\tpregnancy.\tAbsorption\tcan\tbe\tenhanced\tby\teating\tthem\twith\nascorbic\tacid\tor\ta\tlittle\tmeat.\nWomen\twho\tfollow\tvegetarian\tdiets\tshould\tpa...
[ 0.020336251705884933, -0.02102966234087944, 0.036661457270383835, -0.016637153923511505, -0.05203910171985626, 0.009712914936244488, 0.0914040058851242, -0.016802776604890823, -0.028635991737246513, 0.08834394812583923, 0.11701790243387222, -0.005446877330541611, 0.056723691523075104, -0.0...
and\ttry\tto\tprevent\nhaving\ttheir\thematocrit\tdrop\tso\tfar\tthat\tit\tcannot\trecover\tsufficiently.\tFollowers\tof\tJehovah’s\tWitness\nalso\tmust\tpay\tclose\tattention\tto\ttheir\tiron\tlevels.\tBecause\tthey\tchoose\tnot\tto\treceive\tblood\ntransfusions,\tthese\twomen\tshould\treceive\tnutrition\tcounseling\t...
[ -0.0007064305827952921, 0.012062941677868366, 0.07470463216304779, 0.021239038556814194, -0.07530343532562256, 0.024372655898332596, 0.035622138530015945, -0.017328042536973953, 0.004008719231933355, 0.039575424045324326, 0.10124075412750244, -0.013372944667935371, 0.03424133360385895, -0....
with\treinforcement\tas\tthe\tpregnancy\tcontinues.\nMagnesium.\nMagnesium\tfunctions\n\tas\tan\tenzyme\tcofactor\tand\tactivator.\tThe\tfull-term\tfetus\taccumulates\t1\tg\tof\nmagnesium\tduring\tgestation,\tand\tmaternal\tdeficiency\tmay\tinterfere\twith\tfetal\tgrowth\tand\ndevelopment,\tincluding\tpossible\tteratog...
[ -0.0033973166719079018, -0.05693782866001129, 0.021207548677921295, -0.010479826480150223, -0.05249758064746857, 0.03957625478506088, 0.0630907267332077, 0.019405966624617577, 0.003555730450898409, 0.082804374396801, 0.10192955285310745, -0.0203244686126709, -0.017492135986685753, 0.051592...
Hovdenak\tand\tHaram,\t2012\n).\tRecommendations\tfor\nmagnesium\tincrease\tslightly\tduring\tpregnancy,\tbut\tits\trole\tin\tpreterm\tlabor,\tpreeclampsia,\ngestational\tdiabetes,\tand\tpoor\tfetal\tgrowth\tis\n\tnot\twell\tunderstood\t(\nDalton\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tMagnesium\nsulfate\tis\tsometimes\tused\tto\ttreat\tw...
[ -0.019214171916246414, 0.0008208861690945923, 0.0061719114892184734, -0.022698499262332916, -0.02662896364927292, 0.0271886195987463, 0.04064469039440155, 0.048689283430576324, -0.009341659024357796, 0.05624356493353844, 0.12965664267539978, 0.028666045516729355, -0.009584751911461353, -0....
magnesium\tfor\tany\tof\tthese\tconditions\tis\thelpful\twhen\ta\twoman\tis\tnot\tdeficient\tin\tmagnesium\tis\nunknown.\tMaternal\tmagnesium\tdeficiency\thas\tbeen\tspeculated\tto\tplay\ta\tpart\tin\tincreased\trisk\tfor\nsudden\tinfant\tdeath\tsyndrome\t(SIDS),\tbut\tprospective\tsupplementation\n\ttrials\thave\tnot\...
[ -0.045746348798274994, -0.07314702123403549, 0.018810510635375977, 0.018445994704961777, -0.06091432273387909, -0.018558965995907784, 0.1202002540230751, 0.02878592163324356, -0.05342018976807594, 0.05367228016257286, 0.07274749875068665, -0.020741155371069908, 0.09125713258981705, 0.02877...
trials\thave\tnot\tbeen\tdone.\nModerate\tmagnesium\tdeficiency\tis\tassociated\twith\tsubtle\trenal\tdeficits\tin\toffspring\t(\nRichard\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tOptimal\tmagnesium\tlevels\tmay\tbe\tbeneficial\tin\thelping\tprevent\tleg\tcramps\t(see\t\nEdema\tand\nLeg\tCramps\n).\tHowever,\ttoo\tfew\tdata\tare\tavailable\...
[ 0.013856695033609867, -0.028036588802933693, 0.05005262419581413, -0.06873524188995361, -0.04952594265341759, 0.03806094825267792, 0.07206635922193527, 0.01306863408535719, 0.0004232299979776144, 0.07159454375505447, 0.07456083595752716, 0.024723248556256294, 0.02038920857012272, 0.0166045...
(\nHovdenak\tand\tHaram,\t2012\n).\tSee\t\nAppendix\t43\n\tfor\tgood\tdietary\tsources.\tProlonged,\thigh\n\tdoses\tof\nmagnesium\tsupplements\tshould\tbe\tavoided\t(see\t\nHeartburn\n).\nPhosphorus.\nPhosphorus\tis\tfound\tin\ta\tvariety\tof\tfoods,\tand\tdeficiency\tis\trare\tif\tone\tis\table\tto\teat\tnormally.
[ 0.015702154487371445, -0.07444662600755692, 0.045372940599918365, -0.0065288119949400425, -0.07020831853151321, 0.010108687914907932, 0.09564460068941116, 0.018064124509692192, -0.06896615028381348, 0.04694920778274536, 0.0750008076429367, 0.002885889494791627, 0.006642191670835018, -0.003...
Requirements\tdo\tnot\trise\twith\tpregnancy.\tHowever,\tlow\tphosphorus\tlevels,\tindicative\tof\t“refeeding\nsyndrome,”\thave\tbeen\tfound\tin\twomen\texperiencing\tsevere\tvomiting\tor\tother\tsituations\tresulting\tin\nstarvation.\tHypophosphatemia\n\tcan\tbe\tlife\tthreatening\tbecause\tphosphorus\tis\timportant\t...
[ -0.048150695860385895, -0.035985056310892105, 0.0443217009305954, -0.02298140339553356, -0.03323556110262871, 0.009633325971662998, 0.08998606353998184, 0.08392138034105301, -0.09428813308477402, 0.023948822170495987, 0.07909714430570602, -0.01490637194365263, 0.023442940786480904, 0.02875...
can\tbe\tlife\tthreatening\tbecause\tphosphorus\tis\timportant\tin\tenergy\nmetabolism\tas\ta\tcomponent\tof\tadenosine\ttriphosphate\t(ATP)\tand\tmust\tbe\treplenished\tpromptly\t(see\nChapter\t12\n).\nSelenium.\nSelenium\tfunctions\tas\tan\tantioxidant\tand\tis\timportant\tfor\treproduction.\tLow\tselenium\tstatus\ti...
[ 0.0072550540789961815, -0.07307502627372742, 0.0413958914577961, -0.01952008344233036, -0.008572503924369812, 0.05746971070766449, 0.11227617412805557, 0.07537563890218735, -0.055392973124980927, 0.061348479241132736, 0.09022069722414017, -0.04885850101709366, 0.011559456586837769, 0.08165...
associated\twith\trecurrent\tmiscarriages,\tpreeclampsia,\tand\tIUGR.\tThe\tDRI\tincreases\tslightly\tduring
[ -0.00787684042006731, -0.016539134085178375, -0.015148282982409, 0.008508143946528435, -0.05123840644955635, 0.0310046449303627, 0.049262095242738724, 0.07351785898208618, -0.012986749410629272, -0.004980345256626606, 0.10982225090265274, -0.06811109930276871, -0.04270143434405327, 0.00849...
pregnancy,\tbut\n\tthere\tare\tno\tevidence-based\trecommendations\tfor\tsupplementation\t(\nHovdenak\tand\nHaram,\t2012\n).\tExcess\tselenium\tintake\tis\talso\tof\tconcern,\tespecially\tif\twomen\teat\tlocally\tfrom\tareas\nwhere\tsoil\tselenium\tcontents\tare\thigh.\tThere\tare\tno\tknown\tareas\tin\tthe\tUnited\tSt...
[ -0.00668251421302557, -0.04977959766983986, 0.04270083084702492, 0.042796120047569275, -0.05608827993273735, 0.01235937513411045, 0.07962412387132645, 0.03568194434046745, -0.0603787861764431, 0.03958068788051605, 0.07684613764286041, -0.04923027381300926, -0.02728046104311943, 0.008930159...
with\trecognized\tcases\tof\tselenosis.\tSee\t\nAppendix\t45\n.\nSodium.\nThe\thormonal\tmilieu\tof\tpregnancy\taffects\tsodium\tmetabolism.\n\tIncreased\tmaternal\tblood\tvolume\nleads\tto\tincreased\tglomerular\tfiltration\tof\tsodium.\tCompensatory\tmechanisms\tmaintain\tfluid\tand\nelectrolyte\tbalance.
[ 0.027262475341558456, -0.12466397881507874, -0.004165083169937134, 0.009319706819951534, -0.09170253574848175, 0.02119510807096958, 0.07561226189136505, 0.06000341475009918, -0.04391910880804062, 0.04146509990096092, 0.09409993141889572, -0.04943731427192688, 0.0020236510317772627, 0.05526...
electrolyte\tbalance.\nRigorous\tsodium\trestriction\tstresses\tthe\trenin-angiotensin-aldosterone\tsystem.\tAlthough\nmoderation\tin\tthe\tuse\tof\tsalt\tand\tother\tsodium-rich\tfoods\tis\tappropriate\tfor\tmost\tpeople,\taggressive\nrestriction\tis\tusually\tunwarranted\tin\tpregnancy.\tFor\tpregnant\n\twomen\twith\...
[ -0.0179570522159338, -0.041879478842020035, 0.03879325091838837, 0.059190090745687485, -0.024215862154960632, 0.00796729139983654, 0.09052612632513046, 0.02878952957689762, -0.060208894312381744, 0.02890346199274063, 0.13649149239063263, -0.04536650329828262, -0.007943633943796158, -0.0367...
women\twith\tedema,\tthe\tuse\tof\ndiuretics\tis\tnot\trecommended\tbut\tcorrecting\thigh\tsodium\tintakes\tfrom\tthe\tdiet\tis\twarranted.\tNormal\nintakes\tare\toften\tmuch\thigher\tthan\tthe\tDRI,\twhich\tdoes\tnot\tincrease\tduring\tpregnancy.\tACOG\thas\npreviously\trecommended\tthat\tsodium\tintake\tshould\tnot\t...
[ -0.0015074698021635413, -0.053610969334840775, 0.08108922094106674, 0.026962094008922577, -0.09427394717931747, -0.02914917841553688, 0.08692698925733566, -0.0031302187126129866, -0.06938094645738602, 0.06283631175756454, 0.06450983136892319, -0.015023923479020596, 0.019666941836476326, -0...
higher\tthan\tthe\tcurrent\tDRI.\t(\nACOG,\t2013c\n).\tUse\tof\tiodized\tsalt\tshould\tbe\tencouraged,\n\tbut\nprocessed\tfood\tconsumption,\tthe\tsource\tof\tmore\tthan\t75%\tof\tdietary\tsodium\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates,\nshould\tbe\tlimited\tbecause\tof\tthe\tnoniodized\tsalt\tcontent.\nZinc.\nZinc\tis\tcritical\tfor...
[ -0.019604457542300224, -0.10716509819030762, 0.01563321053981781, -0.04072370007634163, -0.07746191322803497, -0.0027674229349941015, 0.0688575878739357, 0.08058317005634308, -0.019237158820033073, 0.04832635447382927, 0.12985064089298248, -0.04013342410326004, 0.02110389806330204, 0.03487...
deficient\tdiet\tdoes\tnot\tresult\tin\teffective\tmobilization\tof\tzinc\tstored\tin\tthe\tmaternal\tskeletal\tmuscle\nand\tbone.\tTherefore\ta\tcompromised\n\tzinc\tstatus\tdevelops\trapidly.\tZinc\tis\tpart\tof\t100\tenzymes\trelated\nto\tthe\tmetabolism\tof\tmacronutrients\t(\nHovdenak\tand\tHaram,\t2012\n).\tIt\tp...
[ -0.008011766709387302, -0.0672483742237091, 0.012570432387292385, -0.04521387070417404, -0.07729069143533707, 0.015509232878684998, 0.0675048902630806, 0.11219845712184906, -0.04120335355401039, 0.05989682674407959, 0.10889307409524918, -0.04227093234658241, 0.05749047175049782, 0.04354295...
Hovdenak\tand\tHaram,\t2012\n).\tIt\tprovides\ta\tstructural\tfunction\nin\tmany\ttissues,\tincluding\tsome\tproteins\tinvolved\tin\tgene\texpression.\tDeficiency\tis\thighly\nteratogenic,\tleading\tto\tcongenital\tmalformations,\tincluding\tanencephaly\tand\tpossibly\toral\tclefts.\nEven\ta\tmild\tzinc\tdeficiency\tma...
[ 0.02087460458278656, -0.038265008479356766, 0.07143144309520721, -0.037137702107429504, -0.08703452348709106, 0.008936136960983276, 0.10425403714179993, 0.018091091886162758, -0.0021122286561876535, 0.09086346626281738, 0.10100994259119034, -0.020220980048179626, -0.012067636474967003, 0.0...
fetal\tgrowth\tand\tbrain\tdevelopment,\tas\twell\tas\nimpaired\timmune\tfunction.\tWomen\twith\tuntreated\tlow\tzinc\tlevels\tassociated\twith\tacrodermatitis\nenteropathica\thave\tincreased\trisk\tof\tmiscarriage,\tfetal\tgrowth\trestriction,\thypertension,\npreeclampsia,\tpreterm\tdelivery,\tand\tintrapartum\themorr...
[ 0.02408973127603531, -0.030486274510622025, 0.005524314008653164, 0.0008391164010390639, -0.026614069938659668, 0.009587526321411133, 0.02489445172250271, 0.08482883870601654, -0.0249496977776289, 0.11751652508974075, 0.09404869377613068, -0.058358412235975266, -0.025759052485227585, 0.047...
preeclampsia,\tpreterm\tdelivery,\tand\tintrapartum\themorrhage.\nZinc\tis\twidely\tavailable\tand\tgood\tsources\tinclude\tred\tmeat,\tseafood,\twhole\tgrains,\tand\tsome\nfortified\tbreakfast\n\tcereals\t(see\t\nAppendix\t47\n).\tSupplementation\texceeding\tthat\tfound\tin\tprenatal\nvitamins\tusually\tis\tnot\trequi...
[ 0.005863480269908905, -0.040721867233514786, 0.07408361881971359, 0.012360349297523499, -0.07806704193353653, 0.023254094645380974, 0.0795266181230545, -0.01097464095801115, -0.030068496242165565, 0.042381465435028076, 0.1183803454041481, 0.011684032157063484, 0.0010760778095573187, -0.010...
absorption.\tOvert\tdeficiency\tis\trare\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates,\tbut\trates\tare\thigher\twhere\tthe\tmain\tstaple\nfoods\tare\thigh\tin\tphytates\t(i.e.,\tthe\tunrefined\tcereals),\tand\twomen\tfollowing\ta\tvegetarian\tdiet\tmay\nexperience\tlow\tzinc\tbioavailability.\n\tHigh\tlevels\tof\tiron\tsupplementation\tm...
[ 0.02283121645450592, -0.09933478385210037, 0.04681802913546562, 0.011207541450858116, -0.05333573371171951, -0.036109525710344315, 0.10094635933637619, -0.0026584614533931017, -0.030263463035225868, 0.05523008853197098, 0.10004670172929764, -0.024461090564727783, 0.040757112205028534, 0.02...
both\tare\ttaken\twithout\tfood\t(\nKaiser\tand\tCampbell,\t2014\n).\nPregnancy\tweight\tgain\trecommendations\nGeneral\tweight\tgain\trecommendations\nWith\ta\tsingleton\tgestation,\tless\tthan\thalf\tof\tthe\ttotal\tweight\tgain\tof\ta\tnormal-weight\tpregnant\nwoman\tresides\tin\tthe\tfetus,\tplacenta,\tand\tamnioti...
[ 0.038595519959926605, -0.05285890772938728, 0.05318484082818031, 0.009008536115288734, -0.15454533696174622, 0.005781272891908884, 0.07226710766553879, 0.027734985575079918, -0.03695996478199959, 0.04967205598950386, 0.09127679467201233, -0.06911135464906693, 0.012332145124673843, 0.010713...
tissues\t(breast\ttissues\tand\tuterus),\tinterstitial\tfluid,\tblood\tvolume,\tand\tmaternal\tadipose\ttissue.\nIncreased\tsubcutaneous\tfat\tin\tthe\tabdomen,\tback,\tand\tupper\tthigh\tserves\tas\tan\tenergy\treserve\tfor\npregnancy\tand\tlactation.\tThe\tnormal\tdistribution\tof\tweight\tis\tillustrated\tin\t\nFig....
[ 0.0019072379218414426, -0.04222384840250015, 0.057236671447753906, 0.005867700092494488, -0.05214254558086395, -0.022354640066623688, 0.09491764008998871, 0.05213874578475952, -0.10735684633255005, 0.059525344520807266, 0.08405384421348572, -0.041990071535110474, 0.007629963103681803, 0.04...
Fig.\t14.6\n.\nFIG.\t14.6\nDistribution\tof\tweight\tgain\tduring\tpregnancy.\nRecommended\tweight\tgains\tto\tsupport\ta\thealthy\tpregnancy\tvary\tby\tprepregnant\tBMI\tand\tare\nsummarized\tin\t\nTable\t14.11\n.\tDesigned\tfor\twomen\tliving\tin\thealthy\tenvironments,\tthe\tIOM\tweight\ngain\tguidelines\tbalance\tt...
[ -0.02300909534096718, 0.005212768912315369, 0.05835346877574921, 0.0453781932592392, -0.037876978516578674, 0.015023604966700077, 0.000615843862760812, 0.027768036350607872, -0.025127246975898743, 0.07245838642120361, 0.13795726001262665, -0.0562874972820282, 0.02143414318561554, -0.012358...
weight\tretention.\tInsufficient\tgain,\tespecially\tif\talso\tassociated\n\twith\tprepregnant\tunderweight,\tis\nassociated\twith\tincreased\trisk\tof\tSGA\tbabies\tand\tspontaneous\tpreterm\tdeliveries.\tExcessive\tgain\noften\tresults\tin\tLGA\tbabies,\twith\tincreased\trisk\tduring\tdelivery.\tExcessive\tgain\tis\t...
[ 0.019120270386338234, -0.059575218707323074, 0.08703401684761047, 0.035466186702251434, -0.13748039305210114, -0.043778691440820694, 0.10692235082387924, 0.023261863738298416, -0.05808475613594055, 0.04462945833802223, 0.08603768050670624, -0.07782647758722305, 0.01953490637242794, 0.00757...
predictor\tof\tlater\tmaternal\tobesity.\tOutcomes\tare\tbest\twhen\twomen\tgain\twithin\tthe\trecommended\nranges.\tHowever,\tless\tthan\tone\tthird\tof\tpregnant\twomen\tdo\tso,\tand\n\tmost\t(especially\tthose\twho\tare\noverweight\tor\tobese)\tgain\ttoo\tmuch,\talthough\ta\tsignificant\tproportion\tof\tunderweight\...
[ -0.0366559773683548, -0.02979806438088417, 0.04876032844185829, -0.0021645165979862213, -0.0645509883761406, 0.01999363675713539, 0.04376862198114395, -0.004153858870267868, -0.020326688885688782, 0.05957089364528656, 0.06860407441854477, -0.049472689628601074, 0.06408505141735077, -0.0094...
too\tlittle\t(\nSiega-Riz\tand\tGray,\t2013\n).\tWomen\twant\tadvice\ton\thow\tmuch\tweight\tthey\tshould\tgain\tbut\ta\nrecent\tstudy\tfound\tthat\t26%\treceived\tno\tguidance\tfrom\ttheir\thealth\tcare\tprovider\t(\nDeputy\tet\tal,\n2018\n).\tThose\tthat\treceived\tadvice\ttried\tto\tfollow\tit,\teven\tif\tit\twas\ti...
[ -0.018867647275328636, -0.018055230379104614, 0.09225659817457199, -0.03604789078235626, -0.14664146304130554, -0.006054219324141741, 0.077317975461483, -0.045564375817775726, -0.030247490853071213, 0.056298766285181046, 0.10486429929733276, -0.03247126564383507, 0.05853881314396858, -0.03...
resulting\tin\tboth\ninadequate\tand\texcessive\tgains\tamong\tthose\tstudied.\nTABLE\t14.11\nU.S.\tInstitute\tof\tMedicine\t(IOM)\tPrenatal\tWeight\tGain\tGoals\nPrepregnant\nWeight\nCategory\nTotal\nSingleton\nWeight\nGain\nRates\tof\tGain\tin\t2\nnd\n\tand\t3\nrd\nTrimesters\tfor\tSingletons\n*\nMean/week\t(Range)\n...
[ -0.010482252575457096, -0.009642700664699078, 0.03274794667959213, 0.018971305340528488, -0.0326593853533268, 0.005968241952359676, 0.022351419553160667, 0.09716147184371948, -0.0760183036327362, 0.00793947372585535, 0.07067883014678955, -0.026079252362251282, 0.007830183021724224, 0.01831...
(Provisional\nguidelines)\nUnderweight\nBMI\t<\t18.5\n28-40\tlb\n[12.5-18\nkg]\n1\tlb\t(1-1.3)\n[0.51\tkg\t(0.44-0.58)]\nInsufficient\tinformation\navailable\tfor\nguideline\nNormal\nweight\nBMI\t18.5-24.9\n25-35\tlb\n[11.5-16\nkg]\n1\tlb\t(0.8-1)\n[0.42\tkg\t(0.35-0.50)]\n37-54\tlb\n[17-25\tkg]\nOverweight\nBMI\t25.0-...
[ -0.059298377484083176, 0.03684696555137634, -0.008751362562179565, 0.0034508027601987123, -0.07208419591188431, -0.027814339846372604, 0.007742934860289097, 0.09849618375301361, -0.026530111208558083, 0.02223406359553337, 0.007827317342162132, -0.14207223057746887, 0.015657169744372368, 0....
15-25\tlb\n[7-11.5\tkg]\n0.6\tlb\t(0.5-0.7)\n[0.28\tkg\t(0.23-0.33)]\n31-50\tlb\n[14-23\tkg]\nObese\nBMI\t≥\t30.0\n11-20\tlb\n[5-9\tkg]\n0.5\tlb\t(0.4-0.6)\n[0.22\tkg\t(0.17-0.27)]\n25-42\tlb\n[11-19\tkg]\n*\nCalculations\tassume\ta\tfirst\ttrimester\tgain\tfor\tsingleton\tpregnancy\tof\t1\tto\t3\tkg\t(2.2\tto\t6.6\tlb...
[ -0.07092144340276718, 0.02593299373984337, -0.015074136666953564, -0.017864633351564407, -0.08406615257263184, -0.036256544291973114, -0.04587680473923683, 0.09021023660898209, -0.03273705393075943, 0.022447708994150162, 0.032019633799791336, -0.1128741204738617, -0.01685921475291252, 0.00...
normal\tweight,\tor\noverweight\tand\t0.5\tto\t2\tkg\t(1.1\tto\t4.4\tlb)\tfor\tthose\twho\tare\tin\tthe\tobese\tcategory.\nAdapted\tfrom\tRasmussen\tKM\tet\tal:\tRecommendations\tfor\tweight\tgain\tduring\tpregnancy\tin\tthe\tcontext\tof\tthe\tobesity\tepidemic,\t\nObstet\tGynecol\n116:1191,\t2010;\tRasmussen\tKM,\tYak...
[ -0.045664772391319275, -0.012746239081025124, 0.03862912207841873, 0.02926703728735447, -0.08151627331972122, -0.02126983553171158, -0.036501843482255936, 0.0228116437792778, -0.034224264323711395, 0.00021371447655837983, 0.053496964275836945, -0.017891578376293182, 0.0006248842692002654, ...
Weight\tgain\tduring\tpregnancy:\treexamining\tthe\tguidelines\n,\tWashington,\tDC,\t2009,\tIOM,\tNRC.\nHeight\tand,\tideally,\n\tprepregnant\tweight\tshould\tbe\tmeasured,\tnot\tasked,\tto\tdetermine\tprepregnant\nBMI.\tSelf-reported\tprepregnancy\tweight\tcan\tbe\tused\tif\tnecessary\tbut\tit\tis\tsubject\tto\terror\...
[ -0.041263941675424576, 0.025127053260803223, 0.04785384237766266, 0.04655928537249565, -0.04801735281944275, 0.02956729382276535, 0.035164546221494675, 0.032078832387924194, -0.07922845333814621, 0.04716652259230614, 0.08337152749300003, -0.08089311420917511, 0.018406391143798828, -0.01675...
usually\tunderreported\t(\nHeaden\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tIf\tprepregnant\tweight\tis\tunknown\tor\tunreliable,\tuse\tthe\nweight\tat\tthe\tfirst\tvisit,\tassuming\tshe\tis\tearly\tin\tpregnancy,\tas\ta\tgood\testimate\tof\tprepregnant\nweight.\tIf\tshe\tstarts\tprenatal\n\tcare\tlate\tand\thas\tno\tidea\tof\ther\tprepregn...
[ -0.0009478724678047001, -0.03654129430651665, 0.07022947818040848, 0.03440403565764427, -0.08692716062068939, 0.0627911314368248, 0.04498659819364548, -0.01378857996314764, -0.03419407829642296, 0.06918321549892426, 0.11488275974988937, -0.05557733774185181, 0.015546069480478764, -0.006759...
has\thad\tappropriate\tgain\tto\tthat\tpoint.\tLater\tin\tpregnancy\tBMI\tis\tnot\ta\trobust\testimate\tof\tbody\tfat\nbecause\tof\tthe\tincrease\tin\ttotal\tbody\twater\t(\nCatalano\tand\tShankar,\t2017\n).\nWomen\tneed\tguidance\ton\ttarget\tweight\tgains.\tOne\tthird\tof\twomen\ttry\tto\tkeep\tthe\tsame\tweight\tor\...
[ -0.040792468935251236, -0.02780352532863617, 0.029458025470376015, 0.035208117216825485, -0.0781746357679367, 0.006299288477748632, 0.04780252277851105, 0.012374836020171642, -0.07293730229139328, 0.0019580291118472815, 0.11894897371530533, -0.055114537477493286, -0.02990562468767166, -0.0...
even\tlose\tweight\tduring\tpregnancy\t(\nRasmussen\tand\tYaktine,\t2009\n).\tWeight\tgain\tshould\tbe\nmonitored\tas\ta\tway\tto\tevaluate\tprogress\tand\tto\tintervene\twhen\tnecessary.\tThe\tpattern\tof\tweight\ngain\tis\talso\timportant.\tIn\tan\tobservational\tcohort,\texcessive\tfirst\ttrimester\tweight\tgain\twa...
[ -0.019947553053498268, -0.021061217412352562, 0.06260385364294052, 0.06412674486637115, -0.07370445132255554, 0.008382316678762436, 0.04502587392926216, 0.011935081332921982, -0.06356831640005112, 0.0024862035643309355, 0.08914703875780106, -0.025448190048336983, -0.03343408182263374, -0.0...
stronger\tpredictor\tof\tmaternal\tweight\tretention,\thigher\twaist\tcircumference,\tand\thigher\tblood\npressure\tthan\twas\tweight\tgain\tlater\tin\tpregnancy\t(\nWalter\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tIt\tis\talso\tassociated\n\twith\ntoddler\tobesity,\tin\tspite\tof\thaving\tno\teffect\ton\tbirthweight\t(\nKarachaliou\tet\tal...
[ -0.011942779645323753, -0.051573753356933594, 0.037580039352178574, 0.01817505806684494, -0.08950281888246536, -0.015182995237410069, 0.10147012025117874, 0.054653871804475784, -0.057179149240255356, 0.029801292344927788, 0.06984104216098785, -0.04237010329961777, 0.029371706768870354, 0.0...
Karachaliou\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tHigher\trates\tof\nweight\tgain\tin\tthe\tsecond\ttrimester\tare\tassociated\twith\thigher\tbirth\tweight,\tespecially\tamong\nwomen\twhose\tprepregnant\tBMI\tis\tless\tthan\t26\t(\nRasmussen\tand\tYaktine,\t2009\n).\tMaternal\tweight\ngain\tplotted\ton\tthe\tappropriate\tgrid\tis\tan\te...
[ -0.041928961873054504, -0.05411127954721451, 0.04066474735736847, 0.03617727756500244, -0.10715877264738083, 0.028457222506403923, 0.03520580008625984, 0.04693117365241051, -0.05642295628786087, 0.01981738768517971, 0.09199445694684982, -0.02187921479344368, 0.004516767803579569, -0.075472...
Appendix\t3\n\tfor\tall\tpregnancy\nweight\n\tgain\tgrids,\tas\twell\tas\ttables\t(using\tpounds/inches\tand\tkilograms/centimeters)\tto\tquickly\nchoose\tthe\tcorrect\tgrid\twithout\tneeding\tto\tcalculate\tthe\tprepregnant\tBMI.\nWeight\tloss\tduring\tpregnancy\tshould\tbe\tdiscouraged.\tThere\tare\tno\tintervention\...
[ 0.0024735466577112675, 0.00010322114394512028, 0.06454173475503922, -0.01108729187399149, -0.08322007209062576, -0.035491324961185455, 0.019998056814074516, 0.06051582470536232, -0.029067067429423332, 0.04553757980465889, 0.13027778267860413, 0.00712550850585103, 0.024691708385944366, -0.0...
documenting\tbenefit\t(\nFurber\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tAs\tadipose\ttissue\tis\tmobilized,\tsemivolatile\torganic\ncompounds\tmay\tbe\treleased\t(see\t\nClinical\tInsight:\n\tWhat’s\n\tin\tThat\tFat\tWhen\tYou\tLose\tIt\tin\t\nChapter\n20\n).\tBecause\tof\tthe\taccelerated\tstarvation\tcharacteristic\tof\tpregnancy,\twome...
[ -0.023843854665756226, 0.017326168715953827, 0.06307419389486313, -0.03270171210169792, -0.07558977603912354, 0.023110415786504745, 0.037884682416915894, 0.012263045646250248, 0.023072784766554832, 0.06800629943609238, 0.10584963858127594, -0.029895607382059097, -0.004486692138016224, -0.0...
develop\tketonemia\tand\tketonuria\tafter\ta\t12-\tto\t18-hour\tfast,\twith\tketone\tlevels\thigher\tthan\tin\nnonpregnant\twomen.\tAlthough\tthe\tfetus\thas\ta\tlimited\tability\tto\tmetabolize\tketones,\tthese\ncompounds\tmay\tadversely\taffect\tfetal\tbrain\tdevelopment\t(\nRasmussen\tand\tYaktine,\t2009\n).\tIn
[ 0.0122798141092062, -0.02097555622458458, 0.03973054513335228, -0.003306681988760829, -0.10112624615430832, 0.00040957683813758194, 0.0382782444357872, 0.049666523933410645, -0.03764583170413971, 0.02106720767915249, 0.08116789162158966, -0.024063779041171074, 0.010384809225797653, 0.00021...
Rasmussen\tand\tYaktine,\t2009\n).\tIn\naddition,\tmobilized\tprotein\tstores,\tincreased\tfree\tfatty\tacids,\turinary\tnitrogen\texcretion,\tand\tlower\nplasma\tglucose,\tinsulin,\tand\tgluconeogenic\tamino\tacids\thave\tbeen\tseen,\tresulting\tin\tincreased\trisk\nof\tIUGR\tand\tpreterm\tbirth\t(\nFurber\tet\tal,\t2...
[ -0.03770465776324272, -0.044359296560287476, 0.06019747629761696, -0.022941093891859055, -0.09633774310350418, 0.029169555753469467, 0.021352915093302727, 0.023411445319652557, -0.04272345453500748, 0.01943710632622242, 0.08396796882152557, 0.02858532965183258, 0.004873204510658979, -0.025...
.\nPrenatal\tweight\tgain\tguidelines\tvary\tsomewhat\tworldwide\t(\nScott\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tWHO\thas\tdiscussed,\nbut\tnot\timplemented,\tdifferent\tweight\tgain\tguidelines\n\tbased\ton\tethnic\tdifferences\tin\tbody\ncomposition\tand,\ttherefore,\tdifferent\trisks\t(\nMa\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThe\tIOM\tguidelines\ta...
[ -0.004843670874834061, -0.004172390326857567, 0.06174967437982559, -0.04392175376415253, -0.13632617890834808, -0.011713054962456226, -0.0034343544393777847, 0.004869089927524328, -0.04268966615200043, 0.03121783584356308, 0.09517513960599899, -0.008428881876170635, 0.06250889599323273, -0...
Ma\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\tThe\tIOM\tguidelines\tare\tbased\ton\nobservational,\tnot\tinterventional,\tdata.\tThus\tsome\tcountries\tdo\tnot\tadvocate\teither\ta\tparticular\nweight\tgain\tor\teven\troutine\tweighing\tafter\tdetermining\tthe\tprepregnant\tBMI\tstatus.\tAlthough\tthere\nare\tmany\tsmall\tintervention\tstudi...
[ 0.001568634994328022, -0.030765628442168236, 0.08027572929859161, -0.03868613764643669, -0.11518193781375885, 0.0250183567404747, 0.05243508890271187, 0.007844481617212296, -0.05132295563817024, 0.08570869266986847, 0.1135081946849823, -0.015585383400321007, 0.043952375650405884, -0.013478...
It\talso\tmust\tbe\tnoted\tthat\tit\tis\nunclear\twhether\tmaternal\tweight\tgain\titself\tis\ta\tcritical\tvariable\tor\twhether\tit\tis\ta\tmarker\tfor\nnutritional\tstatus.\tEven\tso,\ttracking\tweight\tgain\tis\tuseful\tand\twhen\tvariation\tfrom\tnormal\tpatterns\tis\nnoted,\tmore\tquestions\tshould\tbe\tasked.\tW...
[ 0.013021928258240223, -0.019530147314071655, 0.077202208340168, -0.012917275540530682, -0.11035249382257462, 0.004076836165040731, 0.043780602514743805, -0.016423078253865242, -0.06866960972547531, 0.0642978847026825, 0.08299156278371811, -0.06341049075126648, 0.04561348631978035, -0.00172...
stressful\tfor\tsome,\tmany\twomen\tfind\tthe\tvisual\ttracking\tof\ttheir\tweight\n\tgain\tagainst\tthe\tappropriate\ngrid\tboth\teffective\tand\talso\treassuring.\tJust\ttracking\tweight\tgain\twithout\tguidance\tor\tsupport\tis\tnot\nbeneficial.\nObesity\tweight\tgain\trecommendations
[ 0.024442389607429504, -0.009203260764479637, 0.06904052942991257, 0.06494532525539398, -0.09190443158149719, -0.011267857626080513, 0.0971905067563057, -0.01616724021732807, -0.052221279591321945, -0.009645192883908749, 0.08435755223035812, -0.0420183427631855, -0.0002727825194597244, -0.0...
Pregravid\tobesity\tis\tdescribed\tas\tclass\tI\t(BMI\t30\tto\t34.9),\tclass\tII\t(BMI\t35\tto\t39.9),\tand\tclass\tIII\n(BMI\tat\tleast\t40).\tThe\tIOM’s\tweight\tgain\trecommendation\tof\t11\tto\t20\tpounds\tdoes\tnot\tdistinguish\nbetween\tthese\tclasses\n\t(\nRasmussen\tand\tYaktine,\t2009\n).\tOptimal\tgestational...
[ -0.022986387833952904, -0.04719417542219162, 0.026146095246076584, 0.012002994306385517, -0.09548310190439224, -0.009195279330015182, 0.04296635091304779, 0.051292113959789276, -0.07500679045915604, -0.00536227086558938, 0.04424448683857918, -0.028180403634905815, -0.011516589671373367, -0...
).\tOptimal\tgestational\tweight\tgains\tfor\tthese\ngroups\tare\tnot\tyet\tknown\tand\tresearch\tcontinues,\twith\tsome\tevidence\tthat\tlower\tgains,\tor\teven\tloss,\ncan\tbe\tmanaged\tsuccessfully\tas\tindividuals\tmay\tbalance\tintakes\twell\tenough\tto\tavoid\tketonemia.\nOverweight,\tand\ttherefore\tovernutritio...
[ 0.02305993251502514, -0.010081503540277481, 0.05817996710538864, 0.021787522360682487, -0.08578803390264511, 0.003893301822245121, 0.11638309806585312, -0.004718214739114046, -0.044515881687402725, 0.037703778594732285, 0.10665421187877655, -0.06046111136674881, 0.03386837989091873, -0.002...
obesity\tis\tassociated\twith\tlower\n\tserum\tlevels\tof\tcarotenoids;\tvitamins\tC,\tD,\tB\n6\n,\tK;\tfolate;\tiron;\tand\nselenium\t(\nSaltzman\tand\tKarl,\t2013\n;\tsee\talso\t\nChapter\t20\n).\tIndividual\tguidance\tand\tclinical\tjudgment,\nincluding\toptimizing\tnutrient\tintakes\tand\tencouraging\texercise,\tis...
[ -0.02308386191725731, -0.06872145086526871, 0.04354684427380562, 0.06886216253042221, -0.05481385439634323, 0.014657355844974518, 0.08821962028741837, 0.030931534245610237, -0.07168230414390564, 0.014101214706897736, 0.06296685338020325, -0.02575722523033619, 0.007409730926156044, -0.00055...
be\tmonitored.\tAlthough\tweight\tgain\ttargets\tmay\tbe\ttoo\thigh\tfor\tsome\twomen,\tevidence\tsuggests\nthat\tthe\trisk\tof\tpreterm\tdelivery,\n\tIUGR,\tand\tperinatal\tmortality\tall\tincrease\tif\tthe\tweight\tgain\tis\ttoo\nrestrictive.\tEpigenetic\teffects\talso\tmust\tbe\tconsidered.\tInadequate\tweight\tgain...
[ 0.00478295749053359, -0.007546989247202873, 0.10130131989717484, 0.04139802232384682, -0.10905948281288147, -0.0264987051486969, 0.06625695526599884, -0.0016269029583781958, -0.0953546017408371, 0.044747788459062576, 0.06432384252548218, -0.05014325678348541, 0.03299884870648384, -0.050164...
should\tnot\tbe\tencouraged\t(\nACOG,\t2015d\n).\tThe\tUnited\tStates,\tCanada,\tAustralia,\tNew\tZealand,\tand\nGreat\tBritain\thave\tsimilar,\tbut\tnot\tidentical,\tguidelines\tregarding\tthe\tmanagement\tof\tobesity\tin\npregnancy\tbut\tall\trecommend\tthat\ta\tnutrition\n\tconsultation\tshould\tbe\toffered\tto\tall...
[ 0.0022775616962462664, -0.006868882570415735, 0.07580692321062088, -0.01798364520072937, -0.10583752393722534, 0.024596113711595535, 0.030226634815335274, 0.005813871044665575, -0.03844170272350311, 0.039477162063121796, 0.11114100366830826, -0.015619322657585144, 0.02980601042509079, 0.02...
overweight\tor\tobese\tbefore\tpregnancy\t(\nVitner\tet\tal,\t2019\n).\tNo\tstudy\thas\tyet\texamined\tthe\tpregnancy\noutcomes\tof\tlow\tweight\tgain/weight\tloss\tresulting\tfrom\tinsufficient\tfood\tintake\tvs.\tthat\tresulting\nfrom\treplacing\tfoods\tcontaining\texcessive\tfats\tand\tsweets\twith\tthose\tof\thighe...
[ -0.012882454320788383, -0.03803577274084091, 0.058209456503391266, 0.06437940150499344, -0.06435992568731308, -0.01833336055278778, 0.07275856286287308, 0.026025315746665, -0.07174099236726761, 0.011520108208060265, 0.11239111423492432, -0.04349173977971077, 0.011579237878322601, -0.045279...
caloric\tcontents.\nPostbariatric\tsurgery.\nThe\n\thigh\tprevalence\tof\tobesity\thas\tresulted\tin\tan\tincrease\tin\tbariatric\tsurgeries.\tAlthough\nprepregnancy\tweight\tloss\tmay\timprove\tfertility,\tit\thas\tthe\tpotential\tto\tprovide\ta\tsuboptimal\tuterine\nenvironment\tfor\tthe\tdeveloping\tfetus,\tand\tade...
[ 0.035187073051929474, -0.03782160207629204, 0.041785839945077896, 0.026804696768522263, -0.11478861421346664, 0.015294825658202171, 0.06721068173646927, 0.018321163952350616, -0.038976311683654785, 0.06946691125631332, 0.053345587104558945, -0.06084751710295677, -0.023011883720755577, -0.0...
nutrients\tare\tmost\tlikely\tto\tbe\tdeficient\twill\tbe\tdetermined\tby\tthe\ttype\tof\tsurgery\tand\tthe\tnutritional\nstatus\tsince\n\tthat\tsurgery\t(see\t\nChapter\t20\n),\tbut\tcommonly\tinclude\tprotein,\tas\twell\tas\tvitamins\tD,\nfolate,\tB\n12\n,\tB\n1\n,\tand\tA;\tiron;\tcalcium;\tmagnesium;\tcopper;\tand\...
[ -0.007966781966388226, -0.08041223138570786, 0.024947267025709152, -0.037971850484609604, -0.051421765238046646, 0.019361143931746483, 0.07020141184329987, 0.018675150349736214, -0.026506701484322548, 0.044288910925388336, 0.06332878768444061, -0.05718855932354927, 0.06588917970657349, 0.0...
potentially\tsevere,\tare\tmore\tsporadic\t(\nSaltzman\tand\tKarl,\t2013\n)\tbut\tmay\tinclude\tvitamins\tC,\tB\n6\n,\tB\n2\n,\nniacin,\tE,\tand\tK;\tselenium;\tand\tessential\tfatty\tacids\t(with\tbiliopancreatic\tdiversion).\tIf\tanemia\tdoes\nnot\trespond\n\tto\ttreatment,\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\tfolate,\tprotein,\tcopp...
[ -0.03764265030622482, -0.03891745209693909, 0.012599983252584934, 0.02020123042166233, -0.008884633891284466, 0.026144113391637802, 0.07925295829772949, 0.07302054017782211, -0.004413048271089792, -0.0033429586328566074, 0.07615864276885986, -0.022441355511546135, 0.03590906411409378, 0.05...
(\nMechanick\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tACOG\trecommends\twomen\tbe\tevaluated\tfor\tnutrient\tdeficiencies\tand\nsupplemented\tas\tneeded\t(\nACOG,\t2015d\n).\nThe\toptimal\ttiming\tof\tpregnancy\tfollowing\tbariatric\tsurgery\tis\tstill\tunclear.\tAlthough\t1\tyear\thas\nbeen\tcommonly\tcited,\tACOG\tnow\trecommends\tdelayi...
[ -0.014567946083843708, -0.024910103529691696, 0.033268000930547714, -0.016652602702379227, -0.09993892908096313, 0.015377824194729328, 0.04922664165496826, 0.052077766507864, -0.041397616267204285, 0.0680173933506012, 0.12321290373802185, -0.01355292834341526, 0.0023702371399849653, -0.032...
the\tperiod\nof\trapid\tweight\tloss.\tHowever,\ta\trecent\tstudy\tis\tmore\tconservative\t(\nParent\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tThey\tfound\nthat\tif\tpregnancy\toccurred\twithin\t2\tyears\tof\tsurgery,\tthe\trisk\tof\tprematurity\tincreased\t(14%\tvs.\n8.6%),\tas\tdid\tthe\trates\tof\tneonatal\tintensive\tcare\tunit\t(NICU)\...
[ -0.034136220812797546, -0.0333273708820343, 0.0036163267213851213, 0.01562620885670185, -0.09338296204805374, -0.033986423164606094, 0.06362944096326828, 0.0652783066034317, -0.0029060360975563526, 0.05938652157783508, 0.12052911520004272, -0.05684736371040344, 0.011208836920559406, 0.0145...
prevalence\t(13%\tvs.\t8.9%),\tand\tlow\tAPGAR\tscores\t(17.5%\tvs.\t14.8%),\tcompared\twith\ta\tmatched\ncohort.\n\tThey\tsuggest\tthat\twomen\tshould\twait\tat\tleast\t3\tyears\tto\tconceive.\tAn\tindividualized\napproach\thas\talso\tbeen\tsuggested,\tdelaying\tpregnancy\tuntil\tthe\tweight\thas\tbeen\tstable\tfor\t2...
[ 0.022867295891046524, -0.008325899951159954, -0.015445989556610584, 0.034210581332445145, -0.05960084870457649, 0.0016509940614923835, 0.04247945919632912, 0.05323018133640289, -0.053456973284482956, 0.021329808980226517, 0.16541512310504913, -0.056412190198898315, -0.02180486172437668, 0....
and\twith\tall\tnutrient\tdeficiencies\ttreated\tprior\tto\tconception.\tHowever,\tmany\twomen\tdon’t\tfollow\nthis\tadvice\tand\tare\tlikely\tto\tbe\tentering\tpregnancy\twith\tless\tthan\tideal\tnutrient\tstatus.\nAn\toptimum\tnutrient\tprescription\n\tand\tcaloric\trequirement\tfor\tpregnant\twomen\tafter\tbariatric
[ -0.014577074907720089, -0.00798460841178894, 0.04763728752732277, -0.005639512091875076, -0.0846109539270401, 0.008589648641645908, 0.058561328798532486, 0.046028681099414825, -0.01509074680507183, 0.05001210421323776, 0.12421301752328873, -0.019873665645718575, 0.03834844008088112, -0.008...