0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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frequent\tSMBG.\tFor\tpersons\ton\tMNT\talone\tor\tMNT\tin\tcombination\twith\tglucose-lowering\nmedications,\tfrequency\tand\ttiming\tare\tdependent\ton\tdiabetes\tmanagement\tgoals\tand\ttherapies.\nSelf-management\teducation\tand\ttraining\tare\tnecessary\tto\tuse\tSMBG\tdevices\tand\tdata\tcorrectly\n(\nADA,\t2018\... | [
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(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tIndividuals\n\tmust\tbe\ttaught\thow\tto\tadjust\ttheir\tmanagement\tprogram\tbased\ton\tthe\nresults\tof\tSMBG.\tThe\tfirst\tstep\tin\tusing\tsuch\trecords\tis\tto\tlearn\thow\tto\tidentify\tpatterns\tin\tblood\nglucose\tlevels\ttaken\tat\tthe\tsame\ttime\teach\tday\tthat\tare\toutside\tthe\ttarget\... | [
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readings\tfor\t3\tor\tmore\tdays\tin\ta\trow\tor\tlow\treadings\t2\tdays\tin\ta\trow.\tThe\tnext\tstep\tis\tto\tdetermine\nwhether\ta\tlifestyle\tfactor\t(meal\n\ttimes,\tcarbohydrate\tintake,\tquantity\tand\ttime\tof\tphysical\tactivity)\tor\nmedication\tdose\tadjustment\tis\tneeded.\nIf\tchanges\tin\tmedication\tdose... | [
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insulin/mediations\tat\tthe\ttime\tof\tthe\tproblem\tglucose\treadings.\tAfter\tpattern\tmanagement\tis\nmastered,\talgorithms\tfor\tinsulin\tdose\tchanges\tto\tcompensate\tfor\tan\televated\tor\tlow\tglucose\tvalue\ncan\n\tbe\tused.\tA\tcommonly\tused\tformula\tdetermines\tthe\tinsulin\tsensitivity,\tor\t\ncorrection\... | [
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correction\tfactor\t(CF)\n,\nwhich\tdefines\thow\tmany\tmilligrams\tper\tdeciliter\ta\tunit\tof\trapid-insulin\t(or\tshort-acting)\twill\tlower\nblood\tglucose\tlevels\tover\ta\t2-\tto\t4-hr\tperiod\t(\nKaufman,\t2012\n).\tThe\tCF\tis\tdetermined\tby\tusing\tthe\n“1700\trule,”\tin\twhich\t1700\tis\tdivided\tby\tthe\tto... | [
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takes.\tFor\texample,\tif\tthe\tTDD\tis\t50\tunits\tof\tinsulin,\tthe\tCF\t=\t1700/50\t=\t35.\tIn\tthis\tcase\t1\tunit\tof\nrapid-acting\tinsulin\tshould\tlower\tthe\tindividual’s\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\tby\t35\tmg/dL\t(2\tmmol/L).\nIn\tusing\tblood\tglucose\tmonitoring\trecords,\tremember\tthat\tfactors\tother\tthan\t... | [
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0.07720741629600525,
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0.06597080826759338,
0.06326... |
glucose\tconcentrations.\tAn\tincrease\tin\tblood\tglucose\tcan\tbe\tthe\tresult\tof\tinsufficient\tinsulin\tor\ninsulin\n\tsecretagogue;\ttoo\tmuch\tfood;\tor\tincreases\tin\tglucagon\tand\tother\tcounterregulatory\nhormones\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tstress,\tillness,\tor\tinfection.\tFactors\tthat\tcontribute\tto\thypoglyc... | [
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0.0132... |
too\tmuch\tinsulin\tor\tinsulin\tsecretagogue,\tnot\tenough\tfood,\tunusual\tamounts\tof\texercise,\tand\tskipped\nor\tdelayed\tmeals.\tUrine\tglucose\ttesting,\twhich\thas\tbeen\tused\tin\tthe\tpast,\thas\tso\tmany\tlimitations\nthat\tit\tshould\tnot\n\tbe\tused.\nContinuous\tglucose\tmonitoring\t(CGM) | [
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0.040... |
that\tit\tshould\tnot\n\tbe\tused.\nContinuous\tglucose\tmonitoring\t(CGM)\nCGM\tsystems\tinclude\ta\ttiny\tglucose-sensing\tdevice\tcalled\ta\tsensor\tthat\tis\tinserted\tunder\tthe\tskin\tin\nthe\tsubcutaneous\tfat\ttissue\tfor\tseveral\tdays\tat\ta\ttime.\tThe\tsensor\tmeasures\tglucose\tin\tinterstitial | [
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fluid\tand\ttransmits\treadings\tevery\t5\tminutes\tto\ta\tmonitor\tthat\tis\tworn\tor\tcarried\texternally.\tCGM\ndevices\talso\tprovide\tinformation\tnot\tjust\ton\tcurrent\n\tglucose\tlevel\tbut\talso\ton\tthe\ttrend\tand\trate\tof\nchange\tin\tglucose\tlevels\t(i.e.,\twhether\tthe\tglucose\tlevel\tis\trising\tor\tf... | [
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features\tinclude\talerts\tfor\tglucose\thighs\tand\tlows\tand\tthe\tability\tto\tdownload\tdata\tand\ttrack\ttrends\nover\ttime.\tThe\tADA\trecommends\tthat\tCGM\tin\tconjunction\twith\tintensive\tinsulin\tregimens\tcan\tbe\ta\nuseful\ttool\tto\tlower\tA1C\tin\tselected\tadults\twith\n\tT1DM.\tEvidence\tis\tless\tstro... | [
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0... |
T1DM.\tEvidence\tis\tless\tstrong\tfor\tA1C\tlowering\tin\nchildren,\tteens,\tand\tyounger\tadults;\thowever,\tCGM\tmay\tbe\talso\thelpful\tin\tthese\tgroups\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nA1C\tmonitoring\nA1C\ttests\tshould\tbe\tdone\tat\tleast\ttwice\ta\tyear\tin\tpersons\twho\tare\tmeeting\ttreatment\tgoals\tand\thave | [
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0.02597... |
stable\tglycemic\tcontrol.\tThey\tshould\tbe\tdone\tquarterly\tin\tpersons\twhose\ttherapy\thas\tchanged\tor\nwho\tare\tnot\tmeeting\tglycemic\tgoals.\n\tIn\tpersons\twithout\tdiabetes,\tA1C\tvalues\tare\t4%\tto\t6%.\tThese\nvalues\tcorrespond\tto\tmean\tplasma\tglucose\tlevels\tof\tapproximately\t70\tto\t126\tmg/dL\t(... | [
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mmol/L).\tCorrelation\tbetween\tA1C\tlevels\tand\taverage\tglucose\tlevels\thas\trecently\tbeen\tverified.\tAn\nA1C\tof\t6%\treflects\tan\taverage\tglucose\tlevel\tof\t126\tmg/dL\t(7.0\tmmol/L)\t(See\t\nTable\t29.2\n).\tLowering\nA1C\tto\tbelow\tor\taround\t7%\tis\ta\treasonable\tgoal\tfor\n\tmany\tnonpregnant\tadults\... | [
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0.07... |
many\tnonpregnant\tadults\twith\tdiabetes.\tAn\tA1C\nless\tthan\t7%\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\treduce\tcardiovascular\tcomplications\tof\tdiabetes\tand\tis\tassociated\nwith\tlong-term\treduction\tof\tmacrovascular\tdisease\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tLess\tstringent\tgoals,\tsuch\tas\tless\nthan\t8%,\tmay\tbe\tappropriate\tfor\te... | [
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0.0369... |
microvascular\tcomplications,\thistory\tof\tsevere\thypoglycemia,\n\tor\tother\textensive\tcomorbid\tconditions\n(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nKetone,\tlipid,\tand\tblood\tpressure\tmonitoring\nUrine\tor\tblood\ttesting\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\tdetect\tketones.\tTesting\tfor\tketonuria\tor\tketonemia\tshould\tbe | [
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performed\tregularly\tduring\tperiods\tof\tillness\tand\twhen\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tconsistently\texceed\t240\nmg/dL\t(13.3\tmmol/L).\tThe\tpresence\tof\tpersistent,\tmoderate,\tor\tlarge\tamounts\tof\tketones,\talong\twith\nelevated\tblood\tglucose\tlevels,\trequires\tinsulin\tadjustments.\tPeople\twith\tT2DM\trare... | [
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0.0031822854... |
however,\tketone\ttesting\tshould\tbe\tdone\twhen\tthe\tperson\tis\tseriously\till.\nFor\tmost\tadults,\tlipids\tshould\tbe\tmeasured\tat\tleast\tannually;\thowever,\tin\tadults\twith\tlow-risk\tlipid\nvalues\t(100\tmg/dL\t[2.6mmol/L]),\tassessments\tmay\tbe\trepeated\tevery\t5\tyears.\tBlood\tpressure\tshould\nbe\tmea... | [
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be\tmeasured\tat\tevery\troutine\n\tdiabetes\tvisit\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nImplementing\tthe\tnutrition\tcare\tprocess\nThe\tnutrition\tcare\tprocess\t(NCP)\tis\ta\tsystematic\tand\tstandardized\tapproach\tto\tproviding\thigh-\nquality\tnutrition\tcare.\tThis\tsystem\twas\tadopted\tby\tthe\tAND’s\tHouse\tof\tDelegates\tin... | [
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to\tprovide\tdietetics\tprofessionals\twith\ta\tframework\tfor\tcritical\tthinking\tand\tdecision\tmaking.\tThe\nAND\tfound\tthat\tthe\tuse\tof\tthe\n\tNCP\tcan\tlead\tto\tmore\tefficient\tand\teffective\tcare\tand\tgreater\nrecognition\tof\tthe\trole\tof\tdietetic\tprofessionals\tin\tall\tcare\tsettings. | [
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0.028031... |
There\tare\ttwo\tways\tto\tdeliver\tMNT\tusing\tthe\tNCP:\tindividual\tor\tgroup\tsessions.\tWhile\tproviding\nnutrition\tinterventions\tin\tgroups\tis\tbecoming\tincreasingly\tpopular,\tit\tis\timportant\tthat\tgroup\ninterventions\tallow\tfor\tindividualization\tof\tMNT\tand\tevaluation\tof\toutcomes.\n\tThe\tNCP\tco... | [
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0.00747... |
four\tdistinct,\tinterrelated\tsteps.\nNutrition\tassessment\nThe\tAND\tEBNPG\tfor\tdiabetes\trecommends\tthat\tthe\tRDN\tassess\tthe\tfollowing\tdomains\tin\tadults\twith\nT1DM\tand\tT2DM\tto\tformulate\tthe\tnutrition\tcare\tplan.\tThe\tfirst\tis\tbiomedical\tdata,\tmedical\ttests,\tand\nmedication\tuses\t(including\... | [
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pressure,\trenal\tfunction,\n\tand\tuse\tof\tmedications).\tThe\tsecond\tis\tnutrition-focused\tphysical\tfindings\n(including\theight,\tweight,\tBMI\tand\twaist\tcircumference,\tinjection\tsites,\tand\tthe\trelative\timportance\nof\tweight\tmanagement).\tThird\tis\tthe\tclient\thistory,\twhich\tincludes\tgeneral\theal... | [
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0.0334194190... |
information,\tsocial\thistory,\tcultural\tpreferences,\thealth\tliteracy\tand\tnumeracy,\teducation\tand\noccupation,\tphysical\tactivity,\n\tpatient\tor\tfamily\tnutrition-related\tmedical\tand\thealth\thistory,\tand\tany\nother\tmedical\tor\tsurgical\ttreatments.\tThis\tsection\talso\tincludes\tknowledge,\tbeliefs,\t... | [
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0.005520... |
motivation,\treadiness\tto\tchange,\tself-efficacy,\tand\twillingness\tand\tability\tto\tmake\tbehavioral\nchanges.\tLast\tbut\tnot\tleast\tis\tthe\tfood\tand\tnutrition-related\thistory.\tHere\tthe\tRDN\twill\tgather\ninformation\ton\tfood,\tbeverage\tand\tnutrient,\n\tintake,\tincluding\tenergy\tintake,\tserving\tsiz... | [
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0.15527059137821198,
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0.00970... |
intake,\tincluding\tenergy\tintake,\tserving\tsizes,\tmeal-\nsnack\tpatterns,\tcarbohydrate,\tfiber,\ttypes\tand\tamounts\tof\tfat,\tprotein,\tmicronutrient\tintake,\tand\nalcohol\tintake.\tIt\tis\talso\timportant\tto\tgather\tinformation\ton\texperience\twith\tfood,\tprevious\tand\ncurrent\tfood\tand\tnutrition\thisto... | [
0.0006931277457624674,
-0.061022382229566574,
0.04496818035840988,
0.0015390742337331176,
-0.0276980921626091,
0.03432375192642212,
0.12443327158689499,
0.011879884637892246,
-0.03196327015757561,
-0.009570607915520668,
0.10696511715650558,
-0.10112898796796799,
0.05518360808491707,
-0.024... |
Box\n29.2\n).\nBOX\t29.2\nNutrition\tAssessment\nNutrition\n\tassessment\tcategories\n•\t\nBiochemical\tdata,\tmedical\ttests,\tand\tprocedures,\twhich\tinclude\tlaboratory\tdata\tsuch\tas\tfor\nA1C,\tglucose,\tlipids,\tkidney\tfunction,\tand\tblood\tpressure\tmeasurements\n•\t\nAnthropometric\tmeasurements,\twhich\tin... | [
0.020237216725945473,
0.005804887507110834,
0.038701850920915604,
0.052887748926877975,
-0.0706423819065094,
-0.007781908381730318,
0.04483499377965927,
0.024504179134964943,
-0.06734241545200348,
0.03301817923784256,
0.05345761030912399,
-0.07131502032279968,
0.001230113091878593,
-0.0222... |
circumference,\tgrowth\trate,\tand\trate\tof\tweight\tchange\n•\t\nClient\thistory,\twhich\tincludes:\n•\t\nGeneral\tpatient\tinformation,\n\tsuch\tas\tage,\tgender,\trace/ethnicity,\tlanguage,\tliteracy,\tand | [
0.08029833436012268,
-0.0038160609547048807,
0.029011812061071396,
-0.022370537742972374,
-0.11919139325618744,
-0.020065560936927795,
0.0997241884469986,
0.034968722611665726,
-0.003363188123330474,
0.006013394333422184,
0.1250438690185547,
-0.11359141767024994,
-0.064247727394104,
0.0061... |
education\n•\t\nMedical/health\thistory\tand\tmedical\ttreatment,\tincluding\tgoals\tof\tmedical\ttherapy\tand\nprescribed\tmedications\trelated\tto\tmedical\tcondition\tfor\twhich\tmedical\tnutrition\ntherapy\t(MNT)\tis\tbeing\timplemented\n•\t\nReadiness\tto\tchange\tnutrition-related\tbehaviors\n•\t\nWeight\tmanagem... | [
0.03761301934719086,
0.06206899136304855,
0.05594998598098755,
0.02496202662587166,
-0.057616785168647766,
0.009384523145854473,
0.04714975506067276,
0.009930666536092758,
-0.032684508711099625,
0.03315190598368645,
0.09565341472625732,
0.02032199688255787,
-0.030318092554807663,
-0.015648... |
•\t\nPhysical\tactivity\thistory\tand\tgoals\n•\t\nSocial\n\thistory,\tsuch\tas\tsocial\tand\tmedical\tsupport,\tcultural\tand\treligious\tbeliefs,\tand\nsocioeconomic\tstatus\n•\t\nOther\tmedical\tor\tsurgical\ttreatments,\ttherapy,\tand\talternative\tmedicine\n•\t\nFood/nutrition\thistory\n•\t\nFood\tintake,\tnutriti... | [
0.0091344453394413,
-0.008925213478505611,
0.000772162398789078,
0.029643964022397995,
-0.03756112605333328,
0.038621723651885986,
0.0759662538766861,
0.0028440523892641068,
-0.026188485324382782,
0.03817559778690338,
0.11495325714349747,
-0.0014908259036019444,
-0.01612483337521553,
-0.01... |
•\t\nFood\tavailability\n•\t\nSupplement\tuse\nModified\tfrom\tFranz\tMJ\tet\tal:\t\nADA\tpocket\tguide\tto\tlipid\tdisorders,\thypertension,\tdiabetes,\n\tand\tweight\nmanagement\n,\tChicago,\t2012,\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics.\nNutrition\tdiagnosis\nThe\tnutrition\tdiagnosis\tidentifies\tand\tdescribes\ta... | [
-0.008232003077864647,
0.00673863897100091,
0.018704740330576897,
0.0200964342802763,
-0.06521202623844147,
0.015875890851020813,
0.09514052420854568,
0.026883022859692574,
-0.059692371636629105,
0.020132936537265778,
0.1071251928806305,
-0.008384712040424347,
0.0463629886507988,
0.0285584... |
improved\tthrough\ttreatment/intervention\tby\tan\tRDN.\tPatients\toften\thave\tmore\tthan\tone\tnutrition\ndiagnoses,\tin\twhich\tcase\tthe\tRDN\twill\tneed\tto\tprioritize\tthem\tin\tthe\tnutrition\tintervention\tstep.\nExamples\tof\tdiabetes-related\tnutrition\tdiagnoses\tare\tlisted\tin\t\nBox\t29.3\n).\nBOX\t29.3\... | [
-0.016529133543372154,
0.02410624921321869,
0.08107210695743561,
0.004077985882759094,
-0.07877393811941147,
0.028012556955218315,
0.07051581889390945,
0.06906943023204803,
-0.05661310628056526,
-0.020230917260050774,
0.0790526494383812,
0.07942157983779907,
0.0171746127307415,
0.001256495... |
BOX\t29.3\nExamples\tof\tProblem,\tEtiology,\tand\tSigns\tand\tSymptoms\t(PES)\nStatements\tRelated\tto\tDiabetes\tMellitus\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tInconsistent\tcarbohydrate\tintake\n•\t\nInconsistent\tcarbohydrate\tintake\t(P)\trelated\tto\tincorrect\tapplication\tof\tcarbohydrate\ncounting\t(E)\tas\tevidenced\tby\tf... | [
-0.023147018626332283,
-0.049970466643571854,
0.032159753143787384,
-0.008343489840626717,
-0.07074673473834991,
0.009410180151462555,
0.10778314620256424,
0.028505634516477585,
0.00882688071578741,
0.06342040747404099,
0.0884648934006691,
-0.05019506439566612,
0.01509553100913763,
0.00890... |
carbohydrate\tservings\tfor\nmany\tmeals\tand\twide\tfluctuations\tin\tblood\tglucose\tlevels,\tmost\tdays\tof\tthe\tweek\t(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tInconsistent\tcarbohydrate\tintake\n•\t\nInconsistent\tcarbohydrate\tintake\t(P)\trelated\tto\tinconsistent\ttiming\tof\tmeals\t(E)\tas\tevidenced\nby\twide\tfluctuatio... | [
0.003556801937520504,
-0.0406544953584671,
0.03613900765776634,
-0.03346632793545723,
-0.06306537240743637,
0.01045170333236456,
0.0636020079255104,
0.05400094762444496,
-0.011812977492809296,
0.028085893020033836,
0.06361272186040878,
-0.0720994621515274,
0.03447222709655762,
0.0184721332... |
by\twide\tfluctuations\tin\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\t(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tExcessive\tcarbohydrate\tintake\n•\t\nExcessive\tcarbohydrate\n\tintake\t(P)\tcompared\twith\tinsulin\tdosing\trelated\tto\tinaccurate\ncarbohydrate\tcounting\t(E)\tas\tevidenced\tby\tthe\tnumber\tof\tcarbohydrate\tservings\tper\tmeal | [
0.006208379287272692,
-0.052230894565582275,
0.01763961650431156,
-0.021462157368659973,
-0.0787634328007698,
-0.017297305166721344,
0.08412664383649826,
0.06687416881322861,
-0.0020719515159726143,
0.020168079063296318,
0.03839386999607086,
-0.02662869542837143,
0.03994712233543396,
0.016... |
noted\tin\tfood\trecord\tand\tpostmeal\tglucose\tlevels\tconsistently\tgreater\tthan\t200\tmg/dL\t(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tInappropriate\tintake\tof\tfood\tfats\n•\t\nExcessive\tsaturated\tfat\tintake\t(P)\trelated\tto\tlack\tof\tknowledge\tof\tsaturated\tfat\tcontent\tof\nfoods\n\t(E)\tas\tevidenced\tby\tself-repo... | [
-0.03151161968708038,
-0.047047510743141174,
0.0318710096180439,
0.03376155346632004,
-0.044988229870796204,
-0.01090295147150755,
0.08186209201812744,
0.08628209680318832,
-0.04146292433142662,
-0.008276952430605888,
0.11238750070333481,
-0.05963432788848877,
0.02685953490436077,
-0.00774... |
(E)\tas\tevidenced\tby\tself-report\tof\thigh\tsaturated\tfat\tintake\t(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tAltered\tlaboratory\tvalues\n•\t\nAltered\tblood\tglucose\tvalues\t(P)\trelated\tto\tinsufficient\tinsulin\t(E)\tas\tevidenced\tby\nhyperglycemia\tdespite\tvery\tgood\teating\thabits\t(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tFood-\t... | [
-0.0009532304829917848,
-0.0181224774569273,
0.037892602384090424,
0.03875245526432991,
-0.030803443863987923,
0.019092664122581482,
0.08717413991689682,
0.08001329004764557,
-0.06421837955713272,
0.02900998294353485,
0.07708948850631714,
-0.03310384601354599,
0.0357770100235939,
0.0340220... |
Nutrition\tdiagnosis:\tFood-\tand\tnutrition-related\tknowledge\tdeficit\n•\t\nFood-\tand\tnutrition-related\tknowledge\tdeficit\t(P)\trelated\tto\tlack\n\tof\texposure\tto\tinformation\n(E)\tas\tevidenced\tby\tnew\tdiagnosis\tof\tdiabetes\t(or\tprediabetes,\tlipid\tdisorder,\thypertension)\n(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:... | [
-0.014556797221302986,
-0.04888118430972099,
0.0015303331892937422,
0.04930274188518524,
-0.030775120481848717,
0.033238399773836136,
0.08782381564378738,
0.04456574469804764,
-0.06190607324242592,
-0.01733783632516861,
0.08435133844614029,
-0.015566408634185791,
-0.0031881846953183413,
-0... |
(S).\nNutrition\tdiagnosis:\tNot\tready\tfor\tlifestyle\tchange\n•\t\nNot\tready\tfor\tlifestyle\tchange\t(P)\trelated\tto\tdenial\tof\tneed\tto\tchange\tin\tprecontemplation\t(E)\nas\tevidenced\tby\treluctance\tto\tbegin\tparticipation\tin\tphysical\tactivity\tprogram\t(S).\nModified\tfrom\tFranz\tMJ\tet\tal:\t\nADA\t... | [
-0.02386518381536007,
-0.053417012095451355,
0.02298414707183838,
0.010635596700012684,
-0.07833646237850189,
0.0071392059326171875,
0.07540839910507202,
0.05097907409071922,
-0.01291359681636095,
-0.002281537279486656,
0.09346676617860794,
-0.012526237405836582,
0.0598890483379364,
-0.004... |
management\n,\tChicago,\t2012,\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics.\nNutrition\tinterventions | [
0.04873877018690109,
-0.003600659780204296,
-0.00207168934866786,
0.025524908676743507,
-0.06030729413032532,
0.016619201749563217,
0.09651415050029755,
0.0012889072531834245,
-0.07046402245759964,
0.054042916744947433,
0.030058816075325012,
-0.062154095619916916,
-0.026413658633828163,
0.... |
Nutrition\ttherapy\tinterventions\tfor\tall\tpeople\twith\tdiabetes\nThe\tfirst\tpriority\tis\tto\tpromote\tand\tsupport\ta\thealthful\teating\tpattern,\temphasizing\ta\tvariety\tof\nnutrient-dense\tfoods\tin\tappropriate\tportion\tsizes.\tHowever,\n\tmonitoring\tcarbohydrate\tintake\talso\tcan | [
-0.0199437215924263,
-0.06924347579479218,
0.04422790929675102,
0.038457900285720825,
-0.043960969895124435,
0.03969653323292732,
0.119813933968544,
-0.0013782019959762692,
-0.059161800891160965,
0.049292609095573425,
0.1297333985567093,
-0.07561235874891281,
0.00006455612310674042,
-0.044... |
monitoring\tcarbohydrate\tintake\talso\tcan\nbe\tan\timportant\tnutrition\ttherapy\tstrategy\tfor\tpersons\twith\tall\ttypes\tof\tdiabetes.\tIt\tis\timportant\tthat\nindividuals\twith\tdiabetes\tknow\twhich\tfoods\tcontain\tcarbohydrates\t(starchy\tvegetables,\tgrains,\tfruit,\nmilk\tand\tmilk\tproducts,\tvegetables,\t... | [
-0.0036751257721334696,
-0.028632227331399918,
0.03612547367811203,
0.010914363898336887,
-0.022825021296739578,
-0.002212424296885729,
0.16687969863414764,
-0.015122117474675179,
-0.030354123562574387,
0.04587390646338463,
0.09556496143341064,
-0.06556034833192825,
0.07200320810079575,
-0... |
how\tmany\tservings\tthey\tshould\tselect\tfor\tmeals,\tand\n\tif\tthey\tdesire,\tsnacks.\tWhen\tchoosing\ncarbohydrates,\tnutrient-dense,\thigh-fiber\tfoods\tare\trecommended\twhenever\tpossible\tinstead\tof\nprocessed\tfoods\twith\tadded\tsodium,\tfat,\tand\tsugars.\tSugar-sweetened\tbeverages\tand\tjuice\tshould\nal... | [
0.015631649643182755,
-0.06446205824613571,
0.06542608141899109,
0.027479395270347595,
-0.041281066834926605,
0.001263645594008267,
0.08610738068819046,
-0.031605660915374756,
-0.04192567616701126,
0.05385463312268257,
0.11561507731676102,
-0.07363292574882507,
0.01436122227460146,
-0.0378... |
also\tbe\tminimized\tor\tavoided.\nNutrition\ttherapy\tinterventions\tfor\tspecific\tpopulations\nFor\tpeople\twith\tT1DM\tand\tinsulin-requiring\tT2DM,\tthe\tfirst\tpriority\tis\tto\tintegrate\n\tan\tinsulin\nregimen\tinto\tthe\tusual\teating\thabits\tand\tphysical\tactivity\tschedule.\tWith\tthe\tmany\tinsulin\toptio... | [
0.038208652287721634,
-0.04737189784646034,
0.0787547156214714,
-0.00042015270446427166,
-0.07045523822307587,
-0.009033716283738613,
0.11291765421628952,
0.01716788113117218,
-0.02499295584857464,
0.07700393348932266,
0.10055535286664963,
-0.04075537621974945,
-0.0008398802019655704,
0.03... |
now\tavailable\t(rapid-\tand\tlong-acting\tinsulins),\tan\tinsulin\tregimen\tcan\tbe\tplanned\tthat\twill\tconform\nto\tan\tindividual’s\tpreferred\tmeal\troutines\tand\tfood\tchoices.\tWhile\ta\tmedical\tdoctor\ttypically\nprescribes\tinsulin,\tnurses\tand\tCDEs\twill\toften\tsuggest\tmodifications,\tdepending\ton\tth... | [
0.01531002763658762,
-0.03781852498650551,
0.07833503931760788,
-0.04088030382990837,
-0.1147315502166748,
0.00632507586851716,
0.1056828647851944,
-0.018939005210995674,
0.033256325870752335,
0.038807641714811325,
0.11442409455776215,
-0.037657443434000015,
0.011594463139772415,
0.0368000... |
of\npractice.\nPhysiologic\tinsulin\tregimens\tthat\tmimic\tnatural\tinsulin\tsecretion\tinvolve\tmultiple\tinjections\t(three\nor\tmore\tinsulin\tinjections\tper\tday)\tor\tuse\tof\tinsulin\tpump\ttherapy.\tThese\ttypes\tof\tinsulin\tregimens\nallow\tincreased\tflexibility\tin\tchoosing\twhen\tand\twhat\tto\teat.\tMea... | [
0.019850770011544228,
-0.07872646301984787,
0.0727989599108696,
-0.04621589183807373,
-0.13708560168743134,
0.009625682607293129,
0.09712952375411987,
0.004546089563518763,
0.03334418311715126,
0.05752464756369591,
0.056267306208610535,
-0.053787246346473694,
0.011451912112534046,
0.035851... |
match\tcarbohydrate\tintake\t(insulin-to-carbohydrate\tratios).\tTherefore\tit\tis\timportant\n\tthat\tindividuals\nlearn\thow\tto\tcount\tcarbohydrates\tor\tuse\tanother\tmeal\tplanning\tapproach\tto\tquantify\tcarbohydrate\nintake.\tThe\tinsulin\taction\ttimes\tof\tthe\tcurrently\tavailable\trapid-acting\tinsulin\tan... | [
-0.034453652799129486,
-0.04142201691865921,
0.02160130999982357,
-0.01966838911175728,
-0.1167045533657074,
0.027146656066179276,
0.10959815233945847,
0.017445439472794533,
0.018447965383529663,
0.020624583587050438,
0.04643484205007553,
-0.07347452640533447,
-0.013889982365071774,
0.0129... |
onset\t5\tto\t15\tminutes,\ta\tpeak\tbetween\t30\tto\t90\tminutes,\tand\ta\tduration\tof\tapproximately\t4\tto\t6\nhours.\t\nLag\ttime\n\tis\tdefined\tas\tthe\tamount\tof\ttime\tthat\telapses\tbetween\tthe\tinjection\n\tof\trapid-acting\ninsulin\tand\tthe\tmeal;\tit\tis\tcritical\tin\tcontrol\tof\tpostprandial\thypergl... | [
0.006309119053184986,
-0.07923391461372375,
0.03644655644893646,
-0.021962188184261322,
-0.10566066205501556,
0.011556447483599186,
0.09587505459785461,
0.06238678842782974,
-0.027761263772845268,
0.003846158739179373,
0.10956677049398422,
-0.012945392169058323,
0.009600934572517872,
0.002... |
hypoglycemia.\tGiven\tthe\tpharmacodynamics\tof\tinsulin\tanalogs,\ta\tsufficient\tlag\ttime\tof\tapproximately\n10\tto\t15\tminutes\tbefore\tstart\tof\tmeal\thelps\tto\tdecrease\tpostprandial\thyperglycemia.\nFixed\tinsulin\tregimens\tare\tused\tfor\ta\tvariety\tof\treasons,\tincluding\tage,\tcost,\tfewer\trequired\ni... | [
-0.007646830286830664,
-0.014898455701768398,
-0.004080935847014189,
-0.03836103156208992,
-0.05370970070362091,
0.029237743467092514,
0.10113638639450073,
0.046763211488723755,
0.013298680074512959,
0.058609556406736374,
0.05233672261238098,
-0.02955903857946396,
0.02406277321279049,
0.01... |
injections,\n\tlack\tof\taccess\tto\tinsulin\tanalogs,\tpersonal\tpreference,\tor\tprescribing\thabits\tof\tthe\thealth\ncare\tprovider.\tFor\tpeople\twho\treceive\tfixed\tinsulin\tregimens,\tsuch\tas\tpremixed\tinsulin\tformulas,\tday-\nto-day\tconsistency\tin\tthe\ttiming\tand\tamount\tof\tcarbohydrates\teaten\tis\tk... | [
0.005437154788523912,
-0.00021678194752894342,
0.05353587865829468,
-0.008397496305406094,
-0.16061241924762726,
-0.0050793541595339775,
0.14539693295955658,
0.011213183403015137,
0.0067793685011565685,
0.04796396568417549,
0.09808795899152756,
-0.012872278690338135,
0.07143484055995941,
0... |
who\tdo\tnot\tadjust\ttheir\tdaily\tmealtime\tinsulin\tdoses.\tCarbohydrate\tintake\tcan\tbe\tindividualized\n\tto\nmeet\tthe\tperson’s\tnutritional\tneeds.\tThe\tamount\tof\tmealtime\tinsulin\t(rapid-\tor\tshort-acting)\tthat\tthe\nperson\ttakes\tonly\tchanges\tbased\ton\tthe\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\treading. | [
-0.011283769272267818,
-0.06694217026233673,
0.11717650294303894,
-0.05195178464055061,
-0.14643219113349915,
0.06269588321447372,
0.09622963517904282,
0.003684329567477107,
-0.00878822710365057,
0.05176254361867905,
0.06007672846317291,
-0.0726064071059227,
-0.006950320675969124,
0.021892... |
person\ttakes\tonly\tchanges\tbased\ton\tthe\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\treading.\nPersons\twith\ttype\t2\tdiabetes\tusing\tMNT\talone\tor\twith\tglucose-lowering\tmedications.\nThe\tfirst\tpriority\tis\tto\tadopt\tlifestyle\tinterventions\tthat\timprove\tthe\tmetabolic\tabnormalities\tof\nglycemia,\tdyslipidemia,\tand\thy... | [
-0.01683705858886242,
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0.06129803508520126,
0.030778076499700546,
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0.012262245640158653,
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glycemia,\tdyslipidemia,\tand\thypertension.\n\tLifestyle\tinterventions\tindependent\tof\tweight\tloss\tthat\tcan\nimprove\tglycemia\tinclude\treduced\tenergy\tintake\tand\tincreased\tenergy\texpenditure\tthrough\tphysical\nactivity.\tBecause\tmany\tpeople\twith\tdiabetes\talso\thave\tdyslipidemia\tand\thypertension,\... | [
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cardioprotective\teating\tpattern\talso\tis\trecommended.\tThese\tinterventions\tshould\tbe\timplemented\tas\nsoon\tas\tthe\tdiagnosis\tof\tdiabetes\tis\tmade.\nMNT\tinterventions\n\tfor\testablished\tT2DM\tdiffer\tfrom\tinterventions\tfor\tprevention.\tSome\tstudies\nsuggest\tthat\tmodest\tweight\tloss\tis\tbeneficial... | [
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0.0143190... |
disease\tprogresses\tto\tinsulin\tdeficiency,\tmedications\tusually\thave\tto\tbe\tcombined\twith\tMNT.\nEmphasis\tshould\tbe\ton\tblood\tglucose\tcontrol,\timproved\tfood\tchoices,\tincreased\tphysical\tactivity,\tand\nmoderate\tenergy\trestriction\n\trather\tthan\tweight\tloss\talone,\tas\tit\tis\tunclear\twhether\tw... | [
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0.035... |
may\timprove\tglycemic\tcontrol.\tAdditionally,\treduction\tof\tcaloric\tintake\tmay\tresult\tin\tnutritional\ninadequacies;\ttherefore,\tspecial\tattention\tshould\tbe\tpaid\tto\tmaintaining\tadequate\tintake\tof\tvitamins\nand\tminerals.\nThe\tfirst\tstep\tin\tfood\tand\tmeal\tplanning\tis\tteaching\twhich\tfoods\tar... | [
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0.0031436970... |
are\tappropriate\n\tportion\tsizes,\tand\thow\tmany\tservings\tto\tselect\tat\tmeals\t(and\tsnacks,\tif\tdesired).\nImportant\tcomponents\tof\tsuccessful\tMNT\tfor\tT2DM\tinclude\tteaching\tthat\tunsaturated\tfats\tshould\tbe\nsubstituted\tfor\tfoods\thigh\tin\tsaturated\tand\ttrans\tfats,\tencouraging\tphysical\tactiv... | [
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0.05255696550011635,
0.09688793122768402,
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0.0478716716170311,
0.02997456... |
glucose\tmonitoring\tto\tadjust\tfood\tand\teating\tpatterns.\tMedications\tare\talso\timportant\tcomponents\nof\tsuccessful\n\tMNT\tfor\tT2DM.\tFrequent\tfollow-up\twith\tan\tRDN\tcan\tprovide\tthe\tproblem-solving\ntechniques,\tencouragement,\tand\tsupport\tthat\tlifestyle\tchanges\trequire. | [
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0.005... |
Physical\tactivity\timproves\tinsulin\tsensitivity,\tacutely\tlowers\tblood\tglucose\tin\tpeople\twith\tdiabetes,\nand\talso\tmay\timprove\tcardiovascular\tstatus.\tBy\titself\tit\thas\tonly\ta\tmodest\teffect\ton\tweight;\thowever,\nit\tis\tessential\tfor\tlong-term\tweight\tmaintenance.\nYouth\twith\ttype\t1\tdiabete... | [
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0.040... |
Youth\twith\ttype\t1\tdiabetes.\nInvolvement\tof\ta\tmultidisciplinary\tteam,\tincluding\ta\tphysician,\tRDN,\tnurse,\tand\tbehavioral\nspecialist,\tall\ttrained\tin\tpediatric\tdiabetes,\tis\tthe\tbest\tmeans\tof\tachieving\toptimal\tdiabetes\nmanagement\tin\tyouth.\tHowever,\tthe\tmost\timportant\tteam\tmembers\tare\... | [
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the\tfamily\tmembers\tand\tcaregivers.\nA\tmajor\tnutrition\tgoal\tfor\tchildren\tand\tadolescents\n\twith\tT1DM\tis\tmaintenance\tof\tnormal\tgrowth\nand\tdevelopment.\tPossible\tcauses\tof\tpoor\tweight\tgain\tand\tlinear\tgrowth\tinclude\tpoor\tglycemic\ncontrol,\tinadequate\tinsulin,\tand\toverrestriction\tof\tcalo... | [
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0.0312804... |
common\terroneous\tbelief\tthat\trestricting\tfood,\trather\tthan\tadjusting\tinsulin,\tis\tthe\tway\tto\tcontrol\nblood\tglucose.\tAdditional\treasons\tfor\tpoor\tweight\tgain\tunrelated\n\tto\tdiabetes\tmanagement\tmay\ninclude\tother\tautoimmune\tconditions\tsuch\tas\tthyroid\tabnormalities\t(Hashimoto’s\tthyroiditi... | [
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0.00332005... |
malabsorption\tsyndromes\t(celiac\tdisease),\tor\tdisordered\teating\tbehaviors.\tSome\tadolescents\twill | [
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even\tuse\tless\tinsulin\tin\tan\teffort\tto\tlose\tweight,\tan\teating\tdisorder\tknown\tas\tdiabulimia.\tExcessive\nweight\tgain\tcan\tbe\tcaused\tby\texcessive\tcaloric\tintake,\tovertreatment\tof\thypoglycemia,\n\tor\noverinsulinization.\tOther\tcauses\tinclude\tlow\tphysical\tactivity\tlevels\tand\thypothyroidism,... | [
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0.020193789154291153,
0.0268... |
accompanied\tby\tpoor\tlinear\tgrowth\t(\nCorbin\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nThe\tnutrition\tprescription\tis\tbased\ton\tthe\tnutrition\tassessment.\tNewly\tdiagnosed\tchildren\toften\npresent\twith\tweight\tloss\tand\thunger;\tas\ta\tresult,\tthe\tinitial\tmeal\tplan\tmust\tbe\tbased\ton\tadequate\ncalories\tto\trestore\tand... | [
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0.14033211767673492,
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0.037719786167144775,
0.0206154... |
calories\tto\trestore\tand\tmaintain\tappropriate\tbody\tweight.\n\tIn\tabout\t4\tto\t6\tweeks\tthe\tinitial\tcaloric\nlevel\tmay\tneed\tto\tbe\tmodified\tto\tmeet\tmore\tusual\tcaloric\trequirements.\tNutrient\trequirements\tfor\nchildren\tand\tadolescents\twith\tdiabetes\tappear\tto\tbe\tsimilar\tto\tthose\tof\tchild... | [
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0.05414982885122299,
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without\tdiabetes.\tThe\tdietary\treference\tintakes\t(DRIs)\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\tdetermine\tenergy\nrequirements\t(\nInstitute\tof\tMedicine\t[IOM],\t2011\n).\tHowever,\tit\tmay\tbe\tpreferable\n\tto\tuse\ta\tfood\tand\nnutrition\thistory\tof\ttypical\tdaily\tintake,\tproviding\tthat\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment\tare\tnor... | [
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0.06585... |
determine\tan\tindividual\tchild’s\tor\tadolescent’s\tenergy\tneeds.\nConsultation\twith\tan\tRDN\tto\tdevelop\tand\tdiscuss\tthe\teating\tplan\tis\tencouraged\t(\nChiang\tet\tal,\n2014\n).\tBecause\tenergy\trequirements\tchange\twith\tage,\tphysical\tactivity,\tand\tgrowth\trate,\tan\nevaluation\tof\theight,\tweight,\... | [
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0.07299955934286118,
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0.018656719475984573,
0.12175410985946655,
0.04457284137606621,
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0.0560210756957531,
0.08985400199890137,
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0.02749396301805973,
0.07680491... |
and\tthe\teating\tplan\tmust\tbe\tupdated\tat\tleast\tevery\tyear.\tHeight\nand\tweight\tshould\tbe\trecorded\ton\ta\tCDC\tpediatric\tgrowth\tcharts\tevery\t3\tmonths.\tGood\tmetabolic\ncontrol\tis\tessential\tfor\tnormal\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment\t(for\tgrowth\tcharts\tsee\t\nAppendices\t4\n\t\n–11\n). | [
0.004184308461844921,
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0.06671594083309174,
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0.015829021111130714,
0.027490397915244102,
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0.0758374035358429,
0.09761063009500504,
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0.0... |
Appendices\t4\n\t\n–11\n).\nLinear\tgrowth\tcan\tbe\taffected\tby\tan\tinsulin\tprescription\tthat\tis\tnot\tadjusted\tas\tthe\tchild\tgrows.\nChronic\tundertreatment\twith\tinsulin\talong\twith\n\tlongstanding\tpoor\tdiabetes\tcontrol\toften\tleads\tto\npoor\tgrowth\tand\tweight\tloss.\tHowever,\twithholding\tfood\tor... | [
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0.07740176469087601,
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-0... |
an\tappetite\tfor\tfood\tin\tan\teffort\tto\tcontrol\tblood\tglucose\tshould\tbe\tdiscouraged.\nIndividualized\teating\tplans,\tinsulin\tregimens\tusing\tbasal\t(background)\tand\tbolus\t(mealtime)\ninsulins,\tand\tinsulin\talgorithms\tor\tinsulin\tpumps\tcan\tprovide\tflexibility\n\tfor\tchildren\twith\tT1DM\tas | [
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0.04593326151371002,
0.09424509853124619,
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0.0480... |
for\tchildren\twith\tT1DM\tas\nwell\tas\ttheir\tfamilies.\tThis\tapproach\taccommodates\tirregular\tmeal\ttimes\tand\tschedules\tand\tvarying\nappetites\tand\tactivity\tlevels.\tBlood\tglucose\trecords\tare\tessential\tto\tassist\tin\tmaking\tappropriate\nchanges\tin\tinsulin\tregimens.\tDaily\teating\tpatterns\tin\tyo... | [
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0.03041832521557808,
0.0430694... |
and\ttwo\tor\tthree\tsnacks,\tdepending\ton\tthe\tlength\tof\ttime\tbetween\tmeals\tand\n\tthe\tchild’s\tphysical\nactivity\tlevel.\tChildren\toften\tprefer\tsmaller\tmeals\tand\tsnacks.\tSnacks\tcan\tprevent\thypoglycemia\nbetween\tmeals\tand\tprovide\tadequate\tcalories.\tOlder\tchildren\tand\tteens\tmay\tprefer\tonl... | [
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0.07200416922569275,
0.09597782790660858,
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0.06131269410252571,
0.012804240... |
Blood\tglucose\tmonitoring\tdata\tare\tthen\tused\tto\tintegrate\tan\tinsulin\tregimen\tinto\tthe\tmeal,\tsnack,\nand\texercise\tschedules.\nAfter\tthe\tappropriate\tnutrition\tprescription\thas\tbeen\tdetermined,\n\tthe\tmeal\tplanning\tapproach\tcan\nbe\tselected.\tKeep\tin\tmind\tthat\ta\tnumber\tof\tmeal\tplanning\... | [
0.012309446930885315,
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0.06844668835401535,
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0.003487149253487587,
0.10578101128339767,
0.021244989708065987,
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0.07843945175409317,
0.07113862782716751,
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0.02062683366239071,
0.016... |
counting\tfor\tfood\tplanning\tprovides\tyouth\tand\ttheir\tfamilies\twith\tguidelines\tthat\tfacilitate\tglycemic\ncontrol\twhile\tstill\tallowing\tthe\tchoice\tof\tmany\tcommon\tfoods\tthat\tchildren\tand\tadolescents\tenjoy.\nHowever,\twhatever\tapproach\tto\tfood\tplanning\tis\tused,\tthe\tyouth\tand\n\tfamily\tmus... | [
0.020764317363500595,
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0.05208465829491615,
0.002474730834364891,
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0.029216820374131203,
0.12240446358919144,
0.00986416731029749,
0.0023736984003335238,
0.042767833918333054,
0.13230425119400024,
-0.03931625559926033,
0.053412407636642456,
-0.0256... |
understandable\tand\tapplicable\tto\ttheir\tlifestyle.\nYouth\twith\ttype\t2\tdiabetes.\nChildhood\tobesity\thas\tbeen\taccompanied\tby\tan\tincrease\tin\tthe\tprevalence\tof\tT2DM\tamong\tchildren\nand\tadolescents.\tIGT\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tbe\thighly\tprevalent\tin\tobese\tyouth\tand\tis\tassociated\twith | [
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0.11996379494667053,
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0.056496165692806244,
0.06884986162185669,
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0.0... |
insulin\tresistance.\tOnce\tT2DM\tdevelops,\tbeta-cell\tfailure\tis\talso\ta\tfactor.\tThus\tT2DM\tin\tyouth\tfollows\na\tprogressive\tpattern\tsimilar\tto\tT2DM\tin\tadults.\tHowever,\tbecause\tof\tthe\tincrease\tin\toverweight\tand\nobesity\tin\tchildren\tand\tadolescents,\tit\tcan\tbe\tdifficult\tto\tdetermine\timme... | [
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0.012357464991509914,
0.040... |
T1DM\tor\tT2DM.\tBecause\tof\tthis,\ttesting\tfor\tislet\tantibodies\tis\trecommended,\tbut\tit\tmay\ttake\tweeks\nto\tget\tthe\tresults\tof\tthe\ttest.\tTherefore\tguidelines\tfor\tthe\tmanagement\tof\tT2DM\tin\tyouth\trecommend\nstarting\tthe\tyouth\ton\tinsulin\tif\tit\tis\tunclear\twhether\tthe\tyouth\thas\tT1DM\to... | [
-0.03042096458375454,
-0.03426824137568474,
0.03535746783018112,
-0.09538493305444717,
-0.1114184707403183,
-0.0008992902003228664,
0.059599705040454865,
-0.00003308163650217466,
-0.01255763415247202,
0.05913352966308594,
0.08723417669534683,
0.05466793105006218,
0.04730795696377754,
0.009... |
Springer\tet\tal,\n2013\n).\tWhen\tthe\tyouth\thas\tbeen\tdiagnosed\twith\tT2DM,\tmetformin\tand\tlifestyle\tchanges,\tincluding\nnutrition\ttherapy\tand\tphysical\tactivity,\tare\trecommended\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nSuccessful\tlifestyle\ttreatment\tof\tT2DM\tin\tchildren\tand\tadolescents\tinvolves\tcessation\tof\texcess... | [
-0.014491921290755272,
-0.03966299071907997,
0.06454359740018845,
-0.004873897414654493,
-0.10590048134326935,
-0.01604490913450718,
0.08336585015058517,
0.0263243205845356,
0.01615975983440876,
0.054632578045129776,
0.11480285972356796,
-0.011751572601497173,
0.021427538245916367,
0.01813... |
weight\tgain,\tpromotion\tof\tnormal\n\tgrowth\tand\tdevelopment,\tand\tthe\tachievement\tof\tblood\tglucose\nand\tA1C\tgoals\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tNutrition\tguidelines\talso\tshould\taddress\tcomorbidities\tsuch\tas\nhypertension\tand\tdyslipidemia.\tOffer\tbehavior\tmodification\tstrategies\tto\tdecrease\tintake\tof\t... | [
0.022382715716958046,
-0.062368135899305344,
0.04946492984890938,
0.011744008399546146,
-0.09584891051054001,
-0.006397255230695009,
0.07253675907850266,
0.05587593466043472,
-0.08692919462919235,
0.08912459015846252,
0.10327503830194473,
-0.020143592730164528,
-0.0037042570766061544,
0.06... |
caloric,\thigh-fat,\tand\thigh-carbohydrate\tfoods\tand\tsugar-sweetened\tbeverages,\twhile\tencouraging\nhealthy\teating\thabits\tand\tregular\tphysical\tactivity\n\tfor\tthe\tentire\tfamily.\tYouth\twith\tT2DM\tshould\tbe\nencouraged\tto\texercise\tat\tleast\t60\tminutes\ta\tday\tand\tto\tlimit\ttheir\tnonacademic\t“... | [
0.016490712761878967,
-0.0733574703335762,
0.06520123034715652,
0.020887451246380806,
-0.07465725392103195,
-0.019265564158558846,
0.1105535626411438,
0.011236023157835007,
-0.03609928861260414,
0.002820085734128952,
0.05956614390015602,
-0.03523774445056915,
0.021538197994232178,
-0.02814... |
games,\ttelevision)\tto\tless\tthan\t2\thours\ta\tday\t(\nSpringer\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tThe\tguidelines\talso\temphasize\nthe\timportance\tof\ta\tteam\teffort\tusing\tnot\tonly\tthe\tphysician\tbut\talso\tthe\tskills\tof\tan\tRDN,\tdiabetes\neducator,\tand\ta\tpsychologist\tor\tsocial\tworker\n\tto\tdeal\twith\tthe\temo... | [
0.023464711382985115,
-0.04659968614578247,
0.056551575660705566,
-0.05873675271868706,
-0.10865221172571182,
-0.00054229173110798,
0.08865946531295776,
0.0027704962994903326,
-0.010920129716396332,
0.06328833103179932,
0.1033533588051796,
-0.0028242506086826324,
0.02235374227166176,
0.010... |
that\tmay\taccompany\tT2DM.\nWomen\twith\tpreexisting\tdiabetes\tand\tpregnancy.\nNormalization\tof\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tduring\tpregnancy\tis\tvery\timportant\tfor\twomen\twho\thave\npreexisting\tdiabetes\tor\twho\tdevelop\tGDM.\t\nTable\t29.7\n\tlists\tglucose\tgoals\tfor\tpregnancy.\tThe\tMNT\ngoals\tare\tto\tas... | [
0.0024674858432263136,
-0.009698783978819847,
0.02529768832027912,
0.018419092521071434,
-0.06243331357836723,
0.033249758183956146,
0.0855330303311348,
0.032265547662973404,
-0.022496772930026054,
0.061811063438653946,
0.13095320761203766,
-0.007096908986568451,
-0.004908553324639797,
-0.... |
and\tto\tprovide\nadequate\tmaternal\tand\tfetal\tnutrition\tthroughout\tpregnancy,\tenergy\tintake\tfor\tappropriate\tmaternal\nweight\tgain,\tand\tnecessary\tvitamins\tand\tminerals\t(\nReader,\t2012\n).\tNutrition\trecommendations\nduring\tpregnancy\tand\tlactation\tappear\tto\tbe\tsimilar\tfor\twomen\twith\tand\twi... | [
0.039181023836135864,
-0.025818809866905212,
0.04872722923755646,
-0.017381882295012474,
-0.08141390234231949,
0.035522472113370895,
0.12591612339019775,
0.0729311853647232,
-0.025087593123316765,
0.05268782749772072,
0.10448101162910461,
-0.006220269948244095,
0.028347035869956017,
0.0263... |
the\tDRIs\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\tdetermine\tenergy\tand\tnutrient\trequirements\tduring\tpregnancy\tand\tfor\nlactation\t(\nIOM,\t2002\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\t14\n). | [
-0.023072050884366035,
-0.023789575323462486,
0.015943458303809166,
-0.005095058586448431,
-0.03011057712137699,
0.08716356009244919,
0.15257053077220917,
0.08857309073209763,
-0.01911638118326664,
0.06323489546775818,
0.1320880651473999,
-0.029649531468749046,
-0.009884336963295937,
0.053... |
TABLE\t29.7\nPlasma\tGlucose\tGoals\tDuring\tPregnancy\nGestational\tdiabetes\nAND\nPregnancy\twith\tpreexisting\ttype\t1\tor\ttype\t2\tdiabetes\nFasting:\t<95\tmg/dL\t(5.3\tmmol/L)\tand\tEITHER\n1-h\tpostmeal:\t<140\tmg/dL\t(7.8\tmmol/L)\nOR\n2-h\tpostmeal:\t<120\tmg/dL\t(6.7\tmmol/L)\nA1C:\t6-6.5%\t(42-48\tmmol/mol)\... | [
0.0015469443751499057,
-0.0685020387172699,
-0.014701005071401596,
0.05051617696881294,
-0.09151183813810349,
-0.013399645686149597,
-0.002652782713994384,
0.12092035263776779,
-0.05610829219222069,
-0.00450078584253788,
0.044038914144039154,
-0.034185394644737244,
-0.015805844217538834,
-... |
Data\tfrom\tAmerican\tDiabetes\tAssociation,\tManagement\tof\tDiabetes\n\tin\tPregnancy:\tStandards\tof\tMedical\tCare\tin\tDiabetes—2018,\t\nDiabetes\tCare\n41(S1):S138,\t2018.\nPreconception\tcounseling\tand\tthe\tability\tto\tachieve\tnear-normal\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tbefore\npregnancy\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\tbe\... | [
-0.01741747371852398,
-0.04487602040171623,
0.028859419748187065,
-0.009655291214585304,
-0.03711912781000137,
-0.0017539316322654486,
0.05039287731051445,
0.042719170451164246,
-0.025082504376769066,
0.02261165902018547,
0.10579908639192581,
-0.008613296784460545,
0.01983870193362236,
-0.... |
women\twith\tpreexisting\tdiabetes\tto\tnearly\tthat\tof\tthe\tgeneral\tpopulation.\tAs\ta\tresult\tof\thormonal\nchanges\tduring\n\tthe\tfirst\ttrimester,\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tare\toften\terratic.\tAlthough\tcaloric\tneeds\tdo\nnot\tdiffer\tfrom\tthose\tpreceding\tpregnancy,\tthe\teating\tplan\tmay\thave\tto\tbe\t... | [
0.03789922222495079,
-0.020705124363303185,
0.0818917527794838,
0.03371109440922737,
-0.05697647109627724,
0.048618778586387634,
0.01806885190308094,
-0.03672291710972786,
-0.024085549637675285,
0.10629422962665558,
0.13470570743083954,
-0.052076440304517746,
0.0041193049401044846,
-0.0371... |
the\tmetabolic\tchanges.\tWomen\tshould\tbe\teducated\tabout\tthe\tincreased\trisk\tof\thypoglycemia\tduring\npregnancy\tand\tcautioned\tagainst\tovertreatment.\nThe\tneed\tfor\tinsulin\tincreases\tduring\tthe\tsecond\tand\tthird\ttrimesters\n\tof\tpregnancy.\tAt\t38\tto\t40\nweeks’\tpostconception,\tinsulin\tneeds\tan... | [
0.0051303040236234665,
0.0069750710390508175,
0.03136233612895012,
0.0023329630494117737,
-0.056992776691913605,
0.016805175691843033,
0.08443894982337952,
0.0674845278263092,
-0.010824047029018402,
0.06033344566822052,
0.10774457454681396,
-0.0166257843375206,
0.026864590123295784,
-0.017... |
Pregnancy-associated\thormones\tthat\tare\tantagonistic\tto\tthe\taction\tof\tinsulin\tlead\tto\televated\tblood\nglucose\tlevels.\tFor\twomen\twith\tpreexisting\tdiabetes,\tthis\tincreased\tinsulin\tneed\tmust\tbe\tmet\twith\nincreased\texogenous\tinsulin.\nEating\tplan\tadjustments\tare\tnecessary\tto\tprovide\n\tthe... | [
-0.024012820795178413,
-0.01668594777584076,
0.058721911162137985,
0.012580396607518196,
-0.052196212112903595,
-0.0012783200945705175,
0.06882327795028687,
0.01198649313300848,
-0.01873091794550419,
0.04452686756849289,
0.1314113289117813,
-0.043360672891139984,
-0.02242930792272091,
0.00... |
the\tadditional\tcalories\trequired\tto\tsupport\tfetal\ngrowth,\tand\tweight\tshould\tbe\tmonitored.\tDuring\tpregnancy\tthe\tdistribution\tof\tenergy\tand\ncarbohydrate\tintake\tshould\tbe\tbased\ton\tthe\twoman’s\tfood\tintake,\teating\thabits,\tand\tblood\tglucose\nresponses.\tInsulin\tregimens\tcan\tbe\tmatched\tt... | [
-0.010035171173512936,
-0.047478750348091125,
0.0664491131901741,
0.019339047372341156,
-0.08220627158880234,
0.013557634316384792,
0.13352082669734955,
0.014312599785625935,
-0.024359095841646194,
0.041731953620910645,
0.1091746911406517,
-0.07063368707895279,
0.03314989432692528,
0.01137... |
and\tintake\tis\tessential\tto\tavoid\thypoglycemia\tcaused\tby\tthe\tcontinuous\n\tfetal\tdraw\tof\tglucose\tfrom\nthe\tmother.\tSmaller\tmeals\tand\tmore\tfrequent\tsnacks\tare\toften\tneeded.\tSimilarly,\ta\tlate-evening\nsnack\tis\toften\tnecessary\tto\tdecrease\tthe\tlikelihood\tof\tovernight\thypoglycemia\tand\tf... | [
0.0299783144146204,
-0.031390152871608734,
0.06436347216367722,
0.003466519061475992,
-0.09111950546503067,
0.007634670939296484,
0.0797383189201355,
-0.024086574092507362,
0.02656787447631359,
0.05999426916241646,
0.08823767304420471,
-0.02083192765712738,
0.02609059028327465,
-0.00141151... |
Records\tof\tfood\tintake\tand\tblood\tglucose\tvalues\tare\tessential\tfor\tdetermining\twhether\tglycemic\ngoals\tare\tbeing\tmet\tand\tfor\tpreventing\tand\tcorrecting\tketosis.\nRegular\tfollow-up\n\tvisits\tduring\tpregnancy\tare\tneeded\tto\tmonitor\tcaloric\tand\tnutrient\tintake,\tblood | [
-0.025232698768377304,
0.00891627836972475,
0.009962419047951698,
-0.0039758398197591305,
-0.07119665294885635,
0.028000755235552788,
0.10799258947372437,
0.021837500855326653,
-0.0066069187596440315,
0.01885644719004631,
0.09491468220949173,
-0.031914785504341125,
0.026125680655241013,
-0... |
glucose\tcontrol,\tand\twhether\tstarvation\tketosis\tis\tpresent.\tUrine\tor\tblood\tketones\tduring\tpregnancy\nmay\tsignal\tketosis\tthat\tcan\tbe\tcaused\tby\tinadequate\tenergy\tor\tcarbohydrate\tintake,\tomission\tof\nmeals\tor\tsnacks,\tor\tprolonged\tintervals\tbetween\tmeals\t(e.g.,\tmore\tthan\t10\thours\tbet... | [
-0.04910678789019585,
-0.05242348462343216,
0.019258400425314903,
0.002037228550761938,
-0.06563513725996017,
0.04410843178629875,
0.11654619872570038,
0.03781430050730705,
-0.02418619394302368,
0.05371877923607826,
0.051819317042827606,
-0.04675491154193878,
0.004370949696749449,
0.003247... |
bedtime\tsnack\tand\tbreakfast).\n\tKetonemia\tduring\tpregnancy\thas\tbeen\tassociated\twith\tfetal\tbrain\ninjury\tand\tmay\thave\tlong-term\tdevelopmental\timpact,\tand\twomen\tshould\tbe\tinstructed\tto\ttest\tfor\nketones\tperiodically\tbefore\tbreakfast\t(\nMohan\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nWomen\twith\tgestational\tdiab... | [
0.007405097130686045,
0.003190346760675311,
0.0684090405702591,
0.02059095725417137,
-0.02190570719540119,
0.06324433535337448,
0.1089324951171875,
0.011947022750973701,
-0.012351196259260178,
0.034164801239967346,
0.057347916066646576,
-0.029955631121993065,
-0.002189488848671317,
0.00308... |
Mohan\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nWomen\twith\tgestational\tdiabetes\tmellitus.\nMNT\tfor\tGDM\tinvolves\tprimarily\ta\tcarbohydrate-controlled\tmeal\tplan\tthat\tpromotes\toptimal\nnutrition\tfor\tmaternal\tand\tfetal\thealth\twith\n\tadequate\tenergy\tfor\tappropriate\tgestational\tweight\tgain, | [
-0.037201400846242905,
0.03139527514576912,
0.038108911365270615,
0.004332168959081173,
-0.08644334971904755,
0.028452398255467415,
0.1305307000875473,
0.07160639762878418,
-0.09036785364151001,
0.02864011563360691,
0.1247071921825409,
-0.06481312960386276,
-0.015166323632001877,
0.0254886... |
adequate\tenergy\tfor\tappropriate\tgestational\tweight\tgain,\nachievement\tand\tmaintenance\tof\tnormoglycemia,\tand\tabsence\tof\tketosis.\tSpecific\tnutrition\tand\tfood\nrecommendations\tare\tdetermined\tand\tmodified\tbased\ton\tindividual\tassessment\tand\tblood\tglucose\nrecords.\tMonitoring\tblood\tglucose,\tf... | [
0.025120295584201813,
-0.032455164939165115,
0.07922568172216415,
0.033756375312805176,
-0.06692689657211304,
-0.02600087597966194,
0.13040481507778168,
0.08695288747549057,
-0.0966186374425888,
0.002417278243228793,
0.057433757930994034,
-0.03347814828157425,
0.03258252516388893,
0.013902... |
an\tappropriate,\tindividualized\tmeal\tplan\tand\tin\tadjusting\n\tthe\tmeal\tplan\tthroughout\tpregnancy.\nNutrition\tpractice\tguidelines\tfor\tgestational\tdiabetes\thave\tbeen\tdeveloped\tand\ttested\t(\nAcademy\tof\nNutrition\tand\tDietetics\tEvidence\tAnalysis\tLibrary,\t2016\n).\tAll\twomen\twith\tGDM\tshould\t... | [
0.025074230507016182,
0.0025537663605064154,
0.060614269226789474,
-0.006096034776419401,
-0.09266402572393417,
0.02138730324804783,
0.09171938896179199,
0.05772857740521431,
-0.0030017311219125986,
0.062401607632637024,
0.1147509217262268,
0.008772214874625206,
-0.015956353396177292,
0.03... |
).\tAll\twomen\twith\tGDM\tshould\treceive\tMNT\nat\tdiagnosis\tof\tGDM.\tMonitoring\trecords\tguide\tnutrition\ttherapy\tand\tare\tused\tto\tdetermine\twhether\nadditional\ttherapy\tis\tneeded.\tInsulin,\tmetformin,\tor\tglyburide\ttherapy\n\tis\tadded\tif\tglucose\tgoals\nexceed\ttarget\trange\t(see\t\nTable\t29.7\n)... | [
-0.041066113859415054,
-0.007829764857888222,
0.07966213673353195,
-0.03522268682718277,
-0.12643834948539734,
-0.0012655749451369047,
0.059326816350221634,
0.04589220881462097,
-0.03930263593792915,
0.04597094655036926,
0.07977713644504547,
-0.0020328799728304148,
0.04341980814933777,
0.0... |
)\ton\ttwo\tor\tmore\toccasions\tin\ta\t1-\tto\t2-week\tperiod\twithout\tsome\nobvious\texplanation\t(\nMohan\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tInadequate\tweight\tgain\tand\tketone\ttesting\tcan\tbe\tuseful\tin\ndetermining\twhen\twomen\tare\tundereating\tto\tkeep\tglucose\tlevels\twithin\ttarget\trange\tin\tan\teffort\tto\navoid\t... | [
-0.02409239113330841,
0.018054502084851265,
0.08815356343984604,
-0.003422441892325878,
-0.09287945926189423,
0.013686505146324635,
0.07257891446352005,
-0.04254957288503647,
-0.03907068073749542,
0.028495967388153076,
0.08145212382078171,
-0.0618065670132637,
0.0755130872130394,
-0.009803... |
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