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mg/dL\tand\tthe\tpresence\tof\tketones\tare\tdanger\tsignals\tindicating\tthat\tadditional\tinsulin\tis\nneeded.\n3.\t\nAmple\tamounts\tof\tliquid\tneed\tto\tbe\tconsumed\tevery\thour.\tIf\tvomiting,\tdiarrhea,\tor\tfever\tis\npresent,\tsmall\tsips—1\tor\t2\ttablespoons\tevery\t15-30\tmin—can\tusually\tbe\tconsumed.\tI... | [
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vomiting\tcontinues\tand\tthe\tindividual\tis\tunable\tto\ttake\tfluids\tfor\tlonger\tthan\t4\thr,\tthe\nhealth\tcare\tteam\tshould\tbe\tnotified.\n4.\t\nIf\tregular\tfoods\tare\tnot\ttolerated,\tliquid\tor\tsoft\tcarbohydrate-containing\tfoods\t(such\tas\nregular\tsoft\tdrinks,\tsoup,\tjuices,\tand\tice\tcream)\tshoul... | [
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carbohydrate\tevery\t1-2\thr\t(or\t50\tg\tof\tcarbohydrate\tevery\t3-4\thr)\tis\tusually\tsufficient.\n5.\t\nThe\thealth\tcare\tteam\tshould\tbe\tcalled\tif\tillness\tcontinues\tfor\tmore\tthan\t1\tday.\nAdapted\tfrom\tKaufman\tF:\t\nMedical\tmanagement\tof\ttype\t1\tdiabetes\n,\ted\t6,\tAlexandria,\tVA,\t2012,\tAmeric... | [
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,\ted\t6,\tAlexandria,\tVA,\t2012,\tAmerican\nDiabetes\tAssociation.\nFasting\n\thyperglycemia\tis\ta\tcommon\tfinding\tin\tpersons\twith\tdiabetes.\tThe\tamount\tof\tinsulin\nrequired\tto\tnormalize\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tduring\tthe\tnight\tis\tless\tin\tthe\tpredawn\tperiod\t(from\t1\tam | [
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to\t3\tam)\tthan\tat\tdawn\t(from\t4\tam\tto\t8\tam).\tThe\tincreased\tneed\tfor\tinsulin\tat\tdawn\tcauses\ta\trise\tin\nFBG\tlevels\treferred\tto\tas\tthe\t\ndawn\tphenomenon\n.\tIt\tresults\tif\tinsulin\tlevels\tdecline\tbetween\npredawn\tand\tdawn\tor\tif\n\tovernight\thepatic\tglucose\toutput\tbecomes\texcessive\t... | [
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To\tidentify\tthe\tdawn\tphenomenon,\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tare\tmonitored\tat\tbedtime\tand\tat\t2\tam\tto\t3\nam.\tWith\tthe\tdawn\tphenomenon,\tpredawn\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\twill\tbe\tin\tthe\tlow\trange\tof\tnormal\tbut\nnot\tin\tthe\thypoglycemic\trange.\tFor\tpatients\twith\tT2DM,\tmetformin\toften\tis\tused... | [
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decreases\thepatic\tglucose\toutput.\tFor\tpersons\n\twith\tT1DM,\tadministering\tinsulin\tthat\tdoes\tnot\tpeak\nat\t1\tam\tto\t3\tam,\tsuch\tas\ta\tlong-acting\tinsulin,\tshould\tbe\tconsidered.\nHypoglycemia\tfollowed\tby\trebound\thyperglycemia\tis\tcalled\tthe\t\nSomogyi\teffect\n.\tThis\tphenomenon | [
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Somogyi\teffect\n.\tThis\tphenomenon\noriginates\tduring\thypoglycemia\twith\tthe\tsecretion\tof\tcounterregulatory\thormones\t(glucagon,\nepinephrine,\tgrowth\thormone,\tand\tcortisol)\tand\tusually\tis\tcaused\tby\texcessive\texogenous\tinsulin\ndoses.\tHepatic\tglucose\tproduction\tis\tstimulated,\tthus\traising\tbl... | [
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hyperglycemia\tgoes\tunrecognized\tand\tinsulin\tdoses\tare\tincreased,\ta\tcycle\tof\toverinsulinization\tmay\nresult.\tDecreasing\tevening\tinsulin\tdoses\tor,\tfor\tthe\tdawn\tphenomenon,\ttaking\ta\tlong-acting\tinsulin\nshould\tbe\tconsidered.\nLong-term\tcomplications | [
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Long-term\tcomplications\tof\tdiabetes\tinclude\tmacrovascular\n\tdiseases,\tmicrovascular\tdiseases,\tand\nneuropathy.\t\nMacrovascular\tdiseases\n\tinvolve\tdiseases\tof\tlarge\tblood\tvessels.\tIn\tcontrast,\nmicrovascular\tdiseases\n\tassociated\twith\tdiabetes\tinvolve\tthe\tsmall\tblood\tvessels\tand\tinclude\nne... | [
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nephropathy\tand\tretinopathy.\nCommon\tconsequences\tof\tdiabetic\tneuropathy\tand/or\tperipheral\tarterial\tdisease\t(PAD)\tinclude\nfoot\tulcers\tand\tamputation,\tand\tboth\trepresent\tmajor\tcauses\n\tof\tmorbidity\tand\tmortality\tin\tpeople\nwith\tdiabetes.\tEarly\tdetection\tis\tkey\tin\ttreatment\tof\tpatients... | [
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and\tamputations.\tRisk\tfactors\tinclude\tpoor\tglycemic\tcontrol,\tperipheral\tneuropathy\twith\tloss\tof\nprotective\tsensation\t(LOPS),\tcigarette\tsmoking,\tfoot\tdeformities,\tpreulcerative\tcallus\tor\tcorn,\tPAD,\nhistory\tof\tfoot\tulcer\tor\tamputation,\tvisual\timpairment,\n\tand\tdiabetic\tkidney\tdisease\t... | [
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patients\ton\tdialysis)\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nMNT\tis\timportant\tin\tmanaging\tseveral\tlong-term\tcomplications\tof\tdiabetes.\tNutrition\ttherapy\tis\nalso\ta\tmajor\tcomponent\tin\treducing\trisk\tfactors\tfor\tchronic\tcomplications,\tespecially\tthose\trelated\tto\nmacrovascular\tdisease.\nMacrovascular\tdiseases | [
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macrovascular\tdisease.\nMacrovascular\tdiseases\nInsulin\tresistance,\twhich\tmay\tprecede\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tT2DM\tand\tmacrovascular\n\tdisease\tby\nmany\tyears,\tinduces\tnumerous\tmetabolic\tchanges\tknown\tas\tthe\t\nmetabolic\tsyndrome\n\t(see\t\nChapter\n20\n).\tIt\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tintraabdominal\tob... | [
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circumference\tgreater\tthan\t102\tcm\t[40\tin]\tin\tmen\tand\tgreater\tthan\t88\tcm\t[35\tin]\tin\twomen)\tand\tis\nassociated\twith\tdyslipidemia,\thypertension,\tglucose\tintolerance,\tand\tincreased\tprevalence\tof\nmacrovascular\tcomplications.\tOther\trisk\tfactors\tinclude\tgenetics,\tsmoking,\tsedentary\tlifest... | [
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fat\tdiet,\trenal\tfailure,\tand\tmicroalbuminuria.\nMacrovascular\tdiseases\tincluding\tatherosclerotic\tcardiovascular\tdisease\t(ASCVD),\tperipheral\nvascular\tdisease\t(PVD),\tand\tcerebrovascular\tdisease\tare\tmore\tcommon,\ttend\tto\toccur\tat\tan\tearlier\nage,\tand\tare\tmore\textensive\tand\tsevere\tin\tpeopl... | [
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People\twith\tdiabetes\thave\tthe\tCVD\nrisk\tequivalent\tto\tpersons\twith\tpreexisting\tCVD\tand\tno\tdiabetes\t(\nLow\tWang\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nFurthermore,\tin\twomen\twith\tdiabetes\tthe\tincreased\trisk\tof\tmortality\tfrom\theart\tdisease\tis\tgreater\nthan\tin\tmen,\tin\tcontrast\tto\tthe\tnondiabetic\tpopulati... | [
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men\tthan\tin\twomen\t(\nRecarti\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nDyslipidemia\nPatients\twith\tdiabetes\n\thave\tan\tincreased\tprevalence\tof\tlipid\tabnormalities\tthat\tcontribute\tto\thigher\nrates\tof\tCVD.\tFor\texample,\tin\tT2DM\tthe\tprevalence\tof\tan\televated\tcholesterol\tlevel\tis\tabout\t28%\tto | [
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34%.\tSimilarly,\tabout\t5%\tto\t14%\tof\tpatients\twith\tT2DM\thave\thigh\ttriglyceride\tlevels.\tLower\tHDL\ncholesterol\tlevels\tare\tcommon.\tPeople\twith\tT2DM\ttypically\thave\tsmaller,\tdenser\tLDL\tparticles,\nwhich\tincrease\tatherogenicity\n\teven\tif\tthe\ttotal\tLDL\tcholesterol\tlevel\tis\tnot\tsignificant... | [
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Lifestyle\tintervention,\tincluding\tMNT,\talong\twith\tweight\tloss\t(if\tindicated)\tthrough\treduced\tenergy\nintake\tand\tincreased\tphysical\tactivity\tand\tsmoking\tcessation\tshould\tbe\tconsidered.\tEvidence\tis\ninconclusive\tfor\tthe\tideal\tamount\tof\ttotal\tfat\tintake;\tfat\tquality\tmay\tas\timportant\ta... | [
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Evert\net\tal,\t2013\n).\tDiet\tshould\tbe\n\tfocused\ton\treduction\tof\tsaturated\tfat,\ttrans\tfat,\tand\tcholesterol\tand\nincreased\tintake\tof\tomega-3\tfat\t(in\tfood,\tnot\tas\tsupplements),\tviscous\tfiber,\tand\tplant\tstanols/sterols\n(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tIn\tpeople\twith\tT2DM,\ta\tMediterranean-style,\tMUFA-... | [
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glycemic\tcontrol\tand\tCVD\trisk\tfactors.\tOther\tCVD\tnutrition\trecommendations\tfor\tpeople\twith\ndiabetes\tare\tthe\tsame\tas\tfor\tthe\tgeneral\n\tpublic.\tThe\tmost\tcurrent\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\tCardiology\n(ACC)/American\tHeart\tAssociation\t(AHA)\trecommendations\tare\tfor\tuse\tof\tthe\tDASH\tdiet\teatin... | [
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0.01593555510044098,
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pattern\t(see\t\nChapter\t32\n).\tIn\taddition\tto\tnutrition\ttherapy,\tstatin\ttherapy\tis\ttypically\trecommended,\nregardless\tof\tlipid\tlevels,\tfor\tall\tadults\tover\t40\twith\tdiabetes\t(\nADA,\t2018\n)\t(\nTable\t29.9\n).\nTABLE\t29.9\nRecommendations\tfor\tLipid\tand\tBlood\tPressure\n\tfor\tMost\tAdults\tWi... | [
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Lipids/Blood\tPressure\nCriteria\nLDL\tcholesterol\n<100\tmg/dL\t(<2.6\tmmol/l)\n*\nHDL\tcholesterol\nMen:\t>40\tmg/dL\t(>1.0\tmmol/l)\nWomen:\t>50\tmg/d\t(>1.3\tmmol/l)\nTriglycerides\n<150\tmg/dL\t(<1.7\tmmol/l)\nBlood\tpressure\n<140/90\tmm\tHg\n* | [
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Triglycerides\n<150\tmg/dL\t(<1.7\tmmol/l)\nBlood\tpressure\n<140/90\tmm\tHg\n*\nFor\tpatients\twith\tdiabetes\tand\tatherosclerotic\tcardiovascular\tdisease,\tif\tLDL\tcholesterol\tis\tgreater\tthan\tor\tequal\tto\t70\tmg/dL\ton\tmaximally\n\ttolerated\nstatin\tdose,\tconsider\tadding\tadditional\tLDL\tlowering\tthera... | [
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HDL\n,\tHigh-density\tlipoprotein;\t\nLDL\n,\tlow-density\tlipoprotein.\nData\tfrom\tAmerican\tDiabetes\tAssociation:\tCardiovascular\tdisease\tand\trisk\tmanagement:\tStandards\tof\tmedical\tcare\tin\tdiabetes—2018,\t\nDiabetes\nCare\n\t41(S1):S86-104,\t2018.\nHypertension\nHypertension\tis\ta\tcommon\tcomorbidity\tof... | [
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-0.041957203298807144,
0.060700349509716034,
0.06701168417930603,
-0.03877275064587593,
0.03507881984114647,
-0.0024672835133969784,
0.035632383078336716,
-0.0006608620169572532,
... |
diabetes,\twith\tabout\t74%\tof\tadults\twith\tdiabetes\thaving\nblood\tpressure\tof\t140/90\tmm\tHg\tor\thigher\tor\tusing\tprescription\tmedications\tfor\thypertension\t(\nCDC,\n2018\n).\tIn\torder\tto\treduce\tthe\trisk\tof\tmacrovascular\tand\tmicrovascular\tdisease,\ttreatment\tof\nhypertension\tin\tpeople\twith\t... | [
-0.027748484164476395,
-0.0317792147397995,
0.030065547674894333,
0.004637471865862608,
-0.062203265726566315,
-0.014229027554392815,
0.11230143904685974,
0.034568995237350464,
-0.04994403198361397,
0.04659479111433029,
0.05314220115542412,
-0.0114927152171731,
0.014737570658326149,
0.0025... |
every\troutine\tvisit,\twith\ta\tgoal\tfor\tblood\tpressure\tcontrol\n\tof\tless\tthan\t140/80\tmm\tHg.\tMNT\ninterventions\tfor\tpeople\twith\thypertension\tinclude\tweight\tloss\t(if\toverweight),\tDASH-style\teating | [
-0.022669170051813126,
0.000701452954672277,
0.06262233108282089,
0.005884453188627958,
-0.019821275025606155,
0.030852526426315308,
0.15214361250400543,
0.008874348364770412,
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0.020307855680584908,
0.06187478080391884,
-0.07512499392032623,
0.005716361571103334,
0.01... |
pattern\t(\nAppendix\t17\n),\treducing\tsodium\tintake\tand\tincreasing\tpotassium\tintake,\tmoderation\tof\nalcohol\tintake,\tand\tincreased\tphysical\tactivity\t(see\t\nChapter\t32\n).\tThe\trecommendation\tfor\tthe\tgeneral\npopulation\tto\treduce\tsodium\tto\tless\tthan\t2300\tmg/day\tis\talso\tappropriate\n\tfor\t... | [
-0.02165912091732025,
-0.040664080530405045,
0.05664002522826195,
-0.02489040046930313,
-0.0779019221663475,
-0.01365840807557106,
0.0979011207818985,
0.02090003713965416,
-0.021532932296395302,
0.03467334806919098,
0.11616074293851852,
-0.04670526459813118,
0.015854062512516975,
0.0500307... |
for\tpeople\twith\tdiabetes\nand\thypertension\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tFor\tindividuals\twith\tboth\tdiabetes\tand\thypertension,\tfurther\nreduction\tin\tsodium\tintake\tshould\tbe\tindividualized.\tConsideration\tmust\tbe\tgiven\tto\tissues\tsuch\tas\nthe\tavailability,\tpalatability,\tand\tadditional\tcost\tof\tlow\tsod... | [
-0.022971168160438538,
-0.037335529923439026,
0.0511895976960659,
0.0015095635317265987,
-0.04249146953225136,
0.019387098029255867,
0.11832845211029053,
0.05518458038568497,
-0.05196775123476982,
0.05997329577803612,
0.10577798634767532,
-0.02342171221971512,
0.015990719199180603,
0.05502... |
for\thypertension\tincludes\teither\tan\tangiotensin-converting\tenzyme\t(ACE)\tinhibitor,\n\tangiotensin\nreceptor\tblockers,\tthiazide-like\tdiuretics,\tand/or\tdihydropyridine\tcalcium\tchannel\tblockers\t(\nADA,\n2018\n).\tSee\t\nTable\t29.9\n.\nMicrovascular\tdiseases\nDiabetic\tkidney\tdisease | [
-0.01815452054142952,
-0.0581534206867218,
-0.021652447059750557,
0.004183486569672823,
-0.03787842020392418,
0.004614250268787146,
0.05815645679831505,
0.08304570615291595,
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0.017371732741594315,
0.0646326020359993,
-0.033418092876672745,
-0.03313186392188072,
0.0449... |
).\tSee\t\nTable\t29.9\n.\nMicrovascular\tdiseases\nDiabetic\tkidney\tdisease\nDiabetic\tkidney\tdisease\t(DKD)\tor\tdiabetic\tnephropathy\toccurs\tin\t20%\tto\t40%\tof\tpatients\twith\ndiabetes\tand\tis\tthe\tsingle\tleading\tcause\tof\tend-stage\trenal\tdisease\t(ESRD).\tBecause\tof\tthe\tmuch\ngreater\tprevalence\to... | [
0.0019290675409138203,
-0.05165823921561241,
0.0004818247980438173,
0.0003892226086463779,
-0.10188091546297073,
-0.02168138511478901,
0.05947067588567734,
0.06763026118278503,
-0.008273106999695301,
0.0012664372334256768,
0.017787257209420204,
0.028799494728446007,
-0.020324207842350006,
... |
currently\tstarting\ton\tdialysis\t(see\t\nChapter\t34\n).\nAn\tannual\tscreening\tto\tquantitate\turine\talbumin\texcretion\trate\tshould\tbe\tperformed\tin\tpatients\nwho\thave\thad\tT1DM\tfor\tmore\tthan\t5\tyears,\tand\tin\tall\tpatients\twith\tT2DM\tstarting\tat\tdiagnosis\t(\nADA,\n2014b\n).\tThe\tserum\tcreatini... | [
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-0.07326697558164597,
0.05305340141057968,
-0.034670598804950714,
-0.13337576389312744,
-0.04264630749821663,
0.051233284175395966,
0.06667397171258926,
-0.023838339373469353,
0.0006103763007558882,
0.07029908150434494,
0.04274509474635124,
0.02444024197757244,
0.046... |
and\tstage\tthe\tlevel\nof\tchronic\tkidney\tdisease\t(CKD),\tif\tpresent.\nTo\treduce\tthe\trisk\tand\tslow\tthe\tprogression\tof\tDKD,\tblood\tglucose\tand\tblood\tpressure\tcontrol\nshould\tbe\toptimized.\tAlthough\tlow\tprotein\tdiets\t(below\t0.6\tto\t0.8\tg/kg)\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\tlower | [
-0.01163750421255827,
-0.029753705486655235,
0.06905174255371094,
-0.07431236654520035,
-0.11149546504020691,
-0.0018694405443966389,
0.1007988229393959,
0.04899359866976738,
0.012039943598210812,
0.04835382476449013,
0.08079046756029129,
-0.03780796006321907,
0.02546686865389347,
0.021857... |
albuminuria,\tthey\tdo\tnot\talter\tthe\tcourse\tof\tGFR\tdecline\tor\timprove\tglycemic\tor\tCVD\trisk\tmeasures,\nand\ttherefore\tare\tnot\trecommended\t(\nEvert\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nRetinopathy\nDiabetic\tretinopathy\tis\testimated\tto\tbe\tthe\tmost\tfrequent\tcause\tof\tnew\tcases\tof\tblindness\tamong | [
0.0036295917816460133,
-0.08551041036844254,
0.019940361380577087,
0.0019063579384237528,
-0.08320560306310654,
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0.0953197106719017,
0.10270506143569946,
-0.03813386708498001,
0.03229612112045288,
0.09744563698768616,
-0.011252285912632942,
0.014455411583185196,
0.035... |
adults\t20\tto\t74\tyears\tof\tage.\tGlaucoma,\tcataracts,\tand\tother\tdisorders\tof\tthe\teye\talso\toccur\tearlier\nand\tmore\tfrequently\twith\tdiabetes\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tLaser\tphotocoagulation\tsurgery\tcan\treduce\tthe\trisk\nof\tfurther\tvision\tloss\tbut\tusually\tdoes\tnot\trestore\tlost\tvision—thus\tthe\t... | [
0.0053866589441895485,
-0.04059525206685066,
0.07065330445766449,
-0.022561090067029,
-0.10515854507684708,
-0.010893886908888817,
0.07338939607143402,
0.0407123900949955,
-0.0343824103474617,
0.06568695604801178,
0.14010347425937653,
-0.02587287314236164,
0.037699103355407715,
0.050791271... |
for\ta\tscreening\nprogram\tto\tdetect\tdiabetic\tretinopathy.\nNeuropathy\nChronic\thigh\tlevels\tof\tblood\tglucose\talso\tare\tassociated\twith\tnerve\tdamage,\tand\tan\testimated\t50%\nof\tpeople\twith\tdiabetes\thave\tmild\tto\tsevere\tforms\tof\tnervous\tsystem\tdamage\t(\nCDC,\t2018\n).\tIntensive | [
0.015880225226283073,
-0.0882018655538559,
0.01431281864643097,
0.01259544212371111,
-0.07783803343772888,
-0.046647168695926666,
0.08936433494091034,
0.10240621864795685,
-0.09798064827919006,
0.059212446212768555,
0.06379101425409317,
-0.009596717543900013,
0.0007004315848462284,
0.04779... |
CDC,\t2018\n).\tIntensive\ntreatment\tof\thyperglycemia\treduces\tthe\trisk\tand\tslows\tprogression\tof\tdiabetic\tneuropathy\tbut\tdoes\nnot\treverse\tneuronal\tloss.\tPeripheral\n\tneuropathy\tusually\taffects\tthe\tnerves\tthat\tcontrol\tsensation\tin\nthe\tfeet\tand\thands.\tAutonomic\tneuropathy\taffects\tnerve\t... | [
0.038667913526296616,
-0.07445809245109558,
0.033818867057561874,
-0.014233269728720188,
-0.10379602760076523,
0.014811547473073006,
0.053181957453489304,
0.05007702484726906,
-0.01978643238544464,
0.0717698335647583,
0.08665118366479874,
-0.03646191954612732,
0.02482970990240574,
0.028834... |
Cardiovascular\teffects\tinclude\tpostural\thypotension\tand\tdecreased\tresponsiveness\tto\tcardiac\tnerve\nimpulses,\tleading\tto\tpainless\tor\tsilent\tischemic\theart\tdisease.\tSexual\tfunction\tmay\tbe\taffected,\twith\nimpotence\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tmanifestation.\nDamage\tto\tnerves\tinnervating\tthe\tgastrointe... | [
0.03277047723531723,
-0.05949058756232262,
0.04905245453119278,
0.02801126055419445,
-0.08619079738855362,
-0.010127105750143528,
0.06435848772525787,
-0.008175420574843884,
-0.04892019182443619,
0.07435641437768936,
0.07809179276227951,
-0.050394583493471146,
-0.008378474973142147,
0.0181... |
Neuropathy\tcan\tbe\tmanifested\tin\tthe\tesophagus\tas\tnausea\tand\tesophagitis,\tin\tthe\tstomach\tas\nunpredictable\temptying,\tin\tthe\tsmall\tbowel\tas\tloss\tof\tnutrients,\tand\tin\tthe\tlarge\tbowel\tas\tdiarrhea\tor\nconstipation.\nGastroparesis\n\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tdelayed\tgastric\temptying\tin\tthe\ta... | [
0.021763276308774948,
-0.08070691674947739,
0.054004449397325516,
0.06719645857810974,
-0.11216609179973602,
-0.044618889689445496,
0.06236675754189491,
0.014913867227733135,
-0.037446942180395126,
0.020298955962061882,
0.11353689432144165,
-0.0003637353365775198,
0.05654583126306534,
0.05... |
obstruction\n\tof\tthe\tstomach.\tCommon\tsymptoms\tinclude\tfeelings\tof\tfullness,\tbloating,\tnausea,\nvomiting,\tdiarrhea,\tor\tconstipation.\tOne\tstudy\tfound\tthat\tthe\tprevalence\tof\tgastroparesis\tin\tpatients\nwith\tdiabetes\twas\t64%,\twhich\tis\thigher\tthan\treported\tin\tsome\tprevious\tstudies\t(\nAlip... | [
0.012407874688506126,
-0.027538198977708817,
0.024129003286361694,
-0.015220518223941326,
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0.047145046293735504,
0.031188156455755234,
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0.013192765414714813,
0.07615317404270172,
0.016435028985142708,
0.03092852048575878,
0.... |
Alipour\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nTherefore\tgastroparesis\tshould\tbe\tsuspected\tin\tindividuals\twith\terratic\tglucose\tcontrol.\nThe\tfirst\tstep\tin\tmanagement\n\tof\tpatients\twith\tneuropathy\tshould\tbe\tto\taim\tfor\tstable\tand\toptimal\nglycemic\tcontrol.\tMNT\tinvolves\tminimizing\tabdominal\tstress.\tSmall,\tf... | [
0.028871744871139526,
-0.023145431652665138,
0.05748900771141052,
-0.01969153620302677,
-0.06014163792133331,
0.010758614167571068,
0.11191537231206894,
0.009517836384475231,
0.004224753938615322,
0.010899179615080357,
0.10250259935855865,
-0.038739532232284546,
0.050744347274303436,
0.026... |
tolerated\tthan\tthree\tfull\tmeals\ta\tday,\tand\tthese\tmeals\tshould\tbe\tlow\tin\tfiber\tand\tfat.\tIf\tsolid\tfoods\nare\tnot\twell\ttolerated,\tliquid\tmeals\tmay\thave\tto\tbe\trecommended.\tFor\tpatients\tusing\tinsulin,\tthe\ntiming\tof\tinsulin\tadministration\n\tshould\tbe\tadjusted\tto\tmatch\tthe\tusually\... | [
0.05013560876250267,
-0.03578127548098564,
0.030535677447915077,
-0.0336257703602314,
-0.09334514290094376,
-0.022762563079595566,
0.12475687265396118,
-0.02393444813787937,
-0.03945307806134224,
0.009047933854162693,
0.10815654695034027,
-0.03872014209628105,
0.0620977059006691,
0.0548226... |
should\tbe\tadjusted\tto\tmatch\tthe\tusually\tdelayed\tnutrient\tabsorption.\nInsulin\tinjections\tmay\teven\tbe\trequired\tafter\teating.\tFrequent\tblood\tglucose\tmonitoring\tis\timportant\nto\tdetermine\tappropriate\tinsulin\ttherapy.\nA\tprokinetic\tagent\tsuch\tas\tmetoclopramide\tis\tused\tmost\tcommonly\tto\tt... | [
0.031783442944288254,
-0.09784179925918579,
0.04491252452135086,
-0.0586053803563118,
-0.1266796588897705,
0.021556932479143143,
0.11242218315601349,
0.06523412466049194,
-0.01279260590672493,
0.06855008751153946,
0.10506508499383926,
-0.014498114585876465,
0.048499464988708496,
0.06195120... |
Antiemetic\tagents\tmay\tbe\thelpful\tfor\tthe\trelief\tof\tsymptoms.\tIn\tvery\tsevere\tcases,\tgenerally\twith\nunintentional\tweight\tloss,\ta\tfeeding\ttube\tis\tplaced\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\tto\tbypass\tthe\tstomach.\nGastric\telectric\tstimulation\twith\telectrodes\tsurgically\timplanted\tin\tthe\tstomach\tm... | [
0.05254886671900749,
-0.036716364324092865,
0.0840034931898117,
-0.013438921421766281,
-0.08924931287765503,
-0.024005362764000893,
0.08864490687847137,
-0.002786125522106886,
-0.010615071281790733,
0.06513996422290802,
0.13269680738449097,
-0.032396767288446426,
0.04224751144647598,
0.016... |
medications\tfail\tto\tcontrol\tnausea\tand\tvomiting.\nHypoglycemia\tof\tnondiabetic\torigin\nHypoglycemia\tof\tnondiabetic\torigin\n\thas\tbeen\tdefined\tas\ta\tclinical\tsyndrome\twith\tdiverse\tcauses\nin\twhich\tlow\tlevels\n\tof\tplasma\tglucose\teventually\tlead\tto\tneuroglycopenia.\tHypoglycemia\tmeans\tlow | [
-0.006613418459892273,
-0.03628978133201599,
-0.0066737518645823,
0.008917377330362797,
-0.05710316821932793,
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0.0918632373213768,
0.06377369165420532,
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0.062430743128061295,
0.020615458488464355,
0.0255462434142828,
0.05854342505335808,
0.0400228... |
(hypo-)\tblood\tglucose\t(glycemia).\tNormally\tthe\tbody\tis\tremarkably\tadept\tat\tmaintaining\tfairly\tsteady\nblood\tglucose\tlevels—usually\tbetween\t60\tand\t100\tmg/dL\t(3.3\tto\t5.6\tmmol/L),\tdespite\tthe\nintermittent\tingestion\tof\tfood.\tMaintaining\tnormal\tlevels\tof\tglucose\tis\timportant\tbecause\tbo... | [
0.02577822469174862,
-0.08927235007286072,
0.036810148507356644,
0.024418488144874573,
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0.09726917743682861,
0.08918190002441406,
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0.0183649230748415,
0.10356995463371277,
-0.026108941063284874,
0.011023747734725475,
0.0228239... |
especially\tthe\tbrain\tand\tcentral\n\tnervous\tsystem,\tmust\thave\ta\tsteady\tand\tconsistent\tsupply\tof\tglucose\nto\tfunction\tproperly.\tUnder\tphysiologic\tconditions\tthe\tbrain\tdepends\talmost\texclusively\ton\tglucose\nfor\tits\tenergy\tneeds.\tThis\tis\ttrue\teven\twith\tthe\tpresence\tof\thunger. | [
0.04685784876346588,
-0.07843393832445145,
0.08909767121076584,
-0.020823845639824867,
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0.013537855818867683,
0.10361827909946442,
0.019168362021446228,
0.02005232870578766,
0.05605899170041084,
0.07315276563167572,
-0.02849552035331726,
0.030249742791056633,
0.0507942... |
Pathophysiology\nIn\ta\tsmall\tnumber\tof\tpeople,\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tdrop\ttoo\tlow.\tSymptoms\tare\toften\tfelt\twhen\tblood\nglucose\tis\tbelow\t65\tmg/dL\t(3.6\tmmol/L).\tIf\n\tthe\tbrain\tand\tnervous\tsystem\tare\tdeprived\tof\tthe\tglucose\nthey\tneed\tto\tfunction,\tsymptoms\tsuch\tas\tsweating,\tshaking,... | [
0.022862056270241737,
-0.060620058327913284,
0.06924005597829819,
-0.0185533594340086,
-0.12009575963020325,
-0.002469877013936639,
0.094258151948452,
0.028983725234866142,
0.0011288864770904183,
0.05595443770289421,
0.09129974246025085,
-0.029965681955218315,
0.02072274126112461,
0.027461... |
irritability\tcan\tdevelop.\tSymptoms\tof\thypoglycemia\thave\tbeen\trecognized\tat\tplasma\tglucose\tlevels\tof\nabout\t60\tmg/dL,\tand\timpaired\tbrain\tfunction\thas\toccurred\tat\tlevels\tof\tabout\t50\tmg/dL.\tA\nhypoglycemia\talert\tvalue\tgreater\tthan\tor\tequal\tto\t70mg/dL\t(3.9mmol/L)\n\tcan\thelp\tdetermine | [
-0.0003124233044218272,
-0.05604018270969391,
0.04173457622528076,
-0.0177669245749712,
-0.06286387890577316,
-0.0334930419921875,
0.08651852607727051,
0.10259230434894562,
-0.05392264574766159,
0.06449329853057861,
0.05835440754890442,
-0.024100933223962784,
0.06487708538770676,
0.0714740... |
can\thelp\tdetermine\ntherapeutic\tdose\tadjustment\tof\tglucose-lowering\tdrugs\tand\tis\toften\trelated\tto\tsymptomatic\nhypoglycemia\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nHypoglycemia\tcan\tbe\tdifficult\tto\tdiagnose\tbecause\tthese\ttypical\tsymptoms\tcan\tbe\tcaused\tby\tmany\ndifferent\thealth\tproblems.\tFor\texample,\tadrenali... | [
0.019000256434082985,
-0.06143813952803612,
0.0227341428399086,
-0.02534429170191288,
-0.08614138513803482,
0.02818869985640049,
0.073825903236866,
0.06747268885374069,
-0.02826625294983387,
0.06948582082986832,
0.07332827895879745,
-0.005310624372214079,
0.04862567037343979,
0.07429432868... |
stress\tcan\ttrigger\tthe\tsymptoms\tsimilar\tto\tthose\tof\thypoglycemia.\n\tThe\tonly\tway\tto\tdetermine\nwhether\thypoglycemia\tis\tcausing\tthese\tsymptoms\tis\tto\tmeasure\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\twhile\tan\nindividual\tis\texperiencing\tthe\tsymptoms.\tHypoglycemia\tcan\tbest\tbe\tdefined\tby\tthe\tpresence\tof\... | [
0.0076959263533353806,
-0.020224612206220627,
0.04724162071943283,
0.047927118837833405,
-0.050520457327365875,
0.0426047220826149,
0.11125634610652924,
0.013090468943119049,
-0.017206011340022087,
0.027900004759430885,
0.05297144874930382,
-0.04103255644440651,
0.027158120647072792,
0.006... |
features\tknown\tas\t\nWhipple’s\ttriad\n:\t(1)\ta\tlow\tplasma\tor\tblood\tglucose\tlevel,\t(2)\tsymptoms\tof\nhypoglycemia\tat\tthe\tsame\ttime,\tand\t(3)\tresolution\tof\tthe\tsymptoms\tonce\tthe\tblood\tglucose\n\treturns\tto\nnormal.\nA\tfairly\tsteady\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\tis\tmaintained\tby\tthe\tinteraction\t... | [
-0.005310191307216883,
-0.04081578180193901,
0.06278570741415024,
-0.026218101382255554,
-0.048602331429719925,
0.0364067479968071,
0.05699798837304115,
0.027085091918706894,
-0.029716353863477707,
0.02763836830854416,
0.08756358921527863,
-0.005879629403352737,
0.046477172523736954,
0.022... |
eating,\tcarbohydrates\tare\tbroken\tdown\tinto\tglucose\tand\tenter\tthe\tbloodstream.\tAs\tblood\tglucose\nlevels\trise,\tthe\tpancreas\tresponds\tby\treleasing\tthe\thormone\tinsulin,\twhich\tallows\tglucose\tto\tleave\nthe\tbloodstream\tand\tenter\tvarious\tbody\tcells,\twhere\tit\tfuels\tthe\tbody’s\tactivities.\n... | [
0.03368522599339485,
-0.05887463688850403,
0.09270371496677399,
-0.0047851549461483955,
-0.11428969353437424,
0.02604934200644493,
0.13069863617420197,
-0.07054959237575531,
-0.02606194093823433,
0.08094391971826553,
0.07562907040119171,
-0.07271148264408112,
0.0020514121279120445,
0.00866... |
Glucose\tis\talso\ntaken\tup\tby\tthe\tliver\tand\tstored\tas\tglycogen\tfor\tlater\tuse.\nWhen\tglucose\tconcentrations\tfrom\tthe\tlast\tmeal\tdecline,\tthe\tbody\tgoes\tfrom\ta\tfed\tto\ta\tfasting\nstate.\tInsulin\tlevels\tdecrease,\twhich\tkeeps\tthe\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tfrom\tfalling\ttoo\tlow.\tStored | [
-0.04719361290335655,
-0.0607149600982666,
-0.0021588867530226707,
0.01764237880706787,
-0.07293432950973511,
0.030414899811148643,
0.07608135044574738,
0.021001730114221573,
-0.02232700027525425,
0.046415701508522034,
0.05419031158089638,
-0.02712118811905384,
-0.029263826087117195,
0.002... |
glucose\tis\treleased\tfrom\tthe\tliver\tback\tinto\tthe\tbloodstream\twith\tthe\thelp\tof\tglucagon\tfrom\tthe\npancreas.\tNormally\tthe\tbody’s\tability\n\tto\tbalance\tglucose,\tinsulin,\tand\tglucagon\t(and\tother\ncounterregulatory\thormones)\tkeeps\tglucose\tlevels\twithin\tthe\tnormal\trange.\tGlucagon\tprovides... | [
-0.015179110690951347,
-0.07215186208486557,
-0.013160677626729012,
-0.008036047220230103,
-0.11724154651165009,
0.021369777619838715,
0.06417980790138245,
0.024905987083911896,
-0.006897922605276108,
0.055557671934366226,
0.05671069025993347,
-0.024871060624718666,
-0.04004878178238869,
0... |
primary\tdefense\tagainst\thypoglycemia;\twithout\tit,\tfull\trecovery\tdoes\tnot\toccur.\tEpinephrine\tis\tnot\nnecessary\tfor\tcounterregulation\twhen\tglucagon\tis\tpresent.\tHowever\tin\tthe\tabsence\tof\tglucagon,\nepinephrine\thas\tan\timportant\trole.\nTypes\tof\thypoglycemia | [
-0.0019838090520352125,
-0.013899915851652622,
-0.00898648239672184,
-0.031186293810606003,
-0.03603142127394676,
0.04314296320080757,
0.0865018293261528,
0.06279060989618301,
-0.006401193793863058,
0.05423848703503609,
0.06482669711112976,
-0.01238818559795618,
0.010685242712497711,
-0.01... |
epinephrine\thas\tan\timportant\trole.\nTypes\tof\thypoglycemia\nTwo\ttypes\tof\thypoglycemia\tcan\toccur\tin\tpeople\twho\tdo\tnot\thave\tdiabetes.\tIf\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tfall\nbelow\tnormal\tlimits\twithin\t2\tto\t5\thours\tafter\teating,\tthis\tis\t\npostprandial\t(reactive)\thypoglycemia\n. | [
-0.010628326795995235,
-0.052320174872875214,
0.027341097593307495,
0.0005602269666269422,
-0.018484357744455338,
0.07696335762739182,
0.11356168240308762,
0.09095793217420578,
-0.04769894480705261,
0.10269007086753845,
0.04325171932578087,
-0.014771477319300175,
0.025010688230395317,
-0.0... |
postprandial\t(reactive)\thypoglycemia\n.\nIt\tcan\tbe\tcaused\tby\tan\texaggerated\tor\tlate\tinsulin\tresponse\tcaused\tby\teither\tinsulin\tresistance\tor\nelevated\tGLP-1,\talimentary\thyperinsulinism,\trenal\tglycosuria,\tdefects\tin\tglucagon\tresponse,\tor\thigh\ninsulin\tsensitivity.\tAdditionally\tit\tcan\tbe\... | [
-0.03297657519578934,
-0.04303223639726639,
0.03759782016277313,
0.010798867791891098,
-0.06730914860963821,
-0.0006172240246087313,
0.04905375838279724,
0.05360933020710945,
-0.03514120355248451,
0.04550211876630783,
0.06389975547790527,
0.01477667037397623,
0.014014264568686485,
0.031120... |
intolerance,\tgalactosemia,\tleucine\tsensitivity\tor\ta\trare\tbeta-cell\tpancreatic\ttumor\t(insulinoma),\ncausing\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tto\tdrop\ttoo\tlow.\tAlimentary\thyperinsulinism\tis\tcommon\tafter\tgastric\nsurgery,\tassociated\twith\trapid\tdelivery\tof\tfood\tto\tthe\tsmall\tintestine,\trapid\tabsorption... | [
0.007965430617332458,
-0.06688018888235092,
-0.055395402014255524,
0.0017612354131415486,
-0.07046554237604141,
-0.0065374369733035564,
0.11096042394638062,
0.06365377455949783,
-0.00941272359341383,
0.0505199208855629,
0.07915513217449188,
-0.004820991773158312,
0.011899400502443314,
0.02... |
exaggerated\tinsulin\tresponse.\tThese\tpatients\trespond\tbest\tto\tmultiple,\tfrequent\tfeedings.\nThe\tingestion\tof\talcohol\tafter\ta\tprolonged\tfast\tor\tthe\tingestion\tof\tlarge\tamounts\tof\talcohol\tand\ncarbohydrates\ton\tan\tempty\tstomach\t(“gin-and-tonic”\tsyndrome)\talso\tmay\tcause\thypoglycemia\twithi... | [
0.006076224613934755,
-0.05177498608827591,
0.06475160270929337,
0.008870122022926807,
-0.10323343425989151,
-0.0035788582172244787,
0.09921680390834808,
0.0132502606138587,
-0.00819446798413992,
0.006836915388703346,
0.07320062816143036,
0.0023613108787685633,
0.03592253476381302,
0.02395... |
3\tto\t4\thours\tin\tsome\thealthy\tpersons.\nIdiopathic\treactive\thypoglycemia\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tnormal\tinsulin\tsecretion\n\tbut\tincreased\tinsulin\nsensitivity\tand,\tto\tsome\textent,\treduced\tresponse\tof\tglucagon\tto\tacute\thypoglycemia\tsymptoms.\tThe\nincrease\tin\tinsulin\tsensitivity\tassociated\t... | [
0.01282886229455471,
-0.062174513936042786,
0.033661849796772,
-0.012231349013745785,
-0.10672274976968765,
0.01599833555519581,
0.07371795922517776,
0.04892931878566742,
-0.021805567666888237,
0.07696865499019623,
0.07758403569459915,
-0.01291858870536089,
0.02321566827595234,
0.046180766... |
hypoglycemia\tlate\tpostprandially.\tIdiopathic\treactive\thypoglycemia\thas\tbeen\tinappropriately\noverdiagnosed\tby\tphysicians\tand\tpatients,\tto\tthe\tpoint\tthat\tsome\tphysicians\tdoubt\tits\texistence.\nAlthough\trare,\tit\tdoes\texist\tbut\tcan\tbe\tdocumented\tonly\tin\tpersons\twith\thypoglycemia\tthat\tocc... | [
0.013423548080027103,
-0.005955943837761879,
0.03950256109237671,
0.02376767061650753,
-0.06231081485748291,
0.008619849570095539,
0.09665735810995102,
0.033182885497808456,
-0.04751685634255409,
0.013515979051589966,
0.06212013214826584,
-0.010520821437239647,
0.038034722208976746,
-0.015... |
spontaneously\tand\tin\tpersons\twho\tmeet\tthe\tcriteria\tof\tWhipple’s\ttriad.\nFasting\thypoglycemia\n,\tor\tpostabsorptive\thypoglycemia,\toften\tis\trelated\tto\tan\tunderlying\tdisease.\nThis\tfood-deprived\thypoglycemia\tmay\toccur\tin\tresponse\tto\thaving\tgone\twithout\tfood\tfor\t8\thours\tor\nlonger\tand\tc... | [
-0.017520908266305923,
-0.02558693289756775,
0.08093888312578201,
0.03297506272792816,
-0.017963556572794914,
0.059039145708084106,
0.10531456023454666,
-0.00003160124833812006,
-0.0004867914249189198,
0.06755926460027695,
0.12189290672540665,
-0.035550251603126526,
0.046166833490133286,
-... |
longer\tand\tcan\tbe\tcaused\tby\tconditions\n\tthat\tupset\tthe\tbody’s\tability\tto\tbalance\tblood\tglucose.\tThese\ninclude\teating\tdisorders\tand\tother\tserious\tunderlying\tmedical\tconditions,\tincluding\thormone\ndeficiency\tstates\t(e.g.,\thypopituitarism,\tadrenal\tinsufficiency,\tcatecholamine\tor\tglucago... | [
0.030062392354011536,
-0.07915108650922775,
0.060198619961738586,
-0.0033069741912186146,
-0.11064552515745163,
0.015191666781902313,
0.056316256523132324,
0.03935059532523155,
-0.015426856465637684,
0.04775511473417282,
0.09561779350042343,
-0.010761171579360962,
0.020394405350089073,
0.0... |
acquired\tliver\tdisease,\trenal\tdisease,\tcertain\tdrugs\t(e.g.,\talcohol,\tpropranolol,\tsalicylate),\tinsulinoma\n(of\twhich\tmost\tare\tbenign,\tbut\n\t6%\tto\t10%\tcan\tbe\tmalignant),\tand\tother\tnonpancreatic\ttumors.\nTaking\thigh\tdoses\tof\taspirin\talso\tmay\tlead\tto\tfasting\thypoglycemia.\tFactitious\th... | [
-0.020498255267739296,
-0.020612459629774094,
-0.00041112577309831977,
-0.002592823700979352,
-0.07669366896152496,
-0.0028019812889397144,
0.05402955412864685,
0.10990936309099197,
-0.016529740765690804,
0.03142327070236206,
0.06815626472234726,
0.03969481587409973,
0.01674395240843296,
-... |
administration\tof\tinsulin\tor\tsulfonylurea\tin\tpeople\twho\tdo\tnot\thave\tdiabetes,\tis\ta\tcause\tas\twell.\nSymptoms\trelated\tto\tfasting\thypoglycemia\ttend\tto\tbe\tparticularly\tsevere\tand\tcan\tinclude\ta\tloss\tof\nmental\tacuity,\tseizures,\tand\tunconsciousness.\n\tIf\tthe\tunderlying\tproblem\tcan\tbe\... | [
0.038669366389513016,
-0.02208581380546093,
0.033021632581949234,
-0.004477635491639376,
-0.06246791034936905,
0.013038254342973232,
0.08744300901889801,
-0.011648065410554409,
-0.04424119368195534,
0.067204549908638,
0.10914155095815659,
-0.036826036870479584,
0.0427028052508831,
0.028778... |
hypoglycemia\tis\tno\tlonger\ta\tproblem.\nDiagnostic\tcriteria\nOne\tof\tthe\tcriteria\tused\tto\tconfirm\tthe\tpresence\tof\thypoglycemia\tis\ta\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\tof\tless\tthan\n70\tmg/dL\t(3.9\tmmol/L);\thowever,\tclinically\tsignificant\thypoglycemia\t(level\t2),\tis\t54\tmg/dL\t(3.0\nmmol/L)\t(\nADA,\t2018 | [
-0.01557400356978178,
-0.033270593732595444,
0.0006844065501354635,
-0.013901432044804096,
-0.04152531921863556,
0.001930028316564858,
0.024822253733873367,
0.10134729743003845,
-0.03412194922566414,
0.015246712602674961,
0.06486891955137253,
-0.058865513652563095,
0.050403643399477005,
0.... |
mmol/L)\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tPreviously\tthe\tOGTT\ttest\twas\tthe\tstandard\ttest\tfor\tthis\tcondition;\thowever,\nthis\ttest\tis\tno\tlonger\tused.\tRecording\tfinger\tstick\tblood\tglucose\tmeasurements\tduring\tspontaneous,\nsymptomatic\tepisodes\tat\thome\tis\tused\tto\testablish\tthe\tdiagnosis.\tAn\talternative\... | [
0.02253667451441288,
-0.08513938635587692,
0.07233461737632751,
-0.040293529629707336,
-0.12841913104057312,
0.011229311116039753,
0.05024256184697151,
0.04221600666642189,
0.00246608117595315,
0.07558910548686981,
0.0982162281870842,
-0.04042472317814827,
0.021037831902503967,
0.023420523... |
a\tglucose\ttest\tin\ta\tmedical\toffice\tsetting,\tin\twhich\tcase\tthe\tpatient\tis\tgiven\ta\ttypical\tmeal\tthat\thas\nbeen\tdocumented\tin\tthe\tpast\tto\tlead\tto\tsymptomatic\tepisodes.\tWhipple’s\ttriad\tcan\tbe\tconfirmed\n\tif\nsymptoms\toccur.\tIf\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tare\tlow\tduring\tthe\tsymptomatic\t... | [
0.03562396392226219,
-0.007380960043519735,
0.05666636675596237,
0.0008774357847869396,
-0.11196266114711761,
-0.02903037890791893,
0.0824793130159378,
0.02217770926654339,
0.02669181302189827,
0.02985556051135063,
0.10133028030395508,
-0.019195925444364548,
0.05168811231851578,
0.02054287... |
disappear\ton\teating,\thypoglycemia\tis\tprobably\tresponsible.\tIt\tis\tessential\tto\tmake\ta\tcorrect\tdiagnosis\nin\tpatients\twith\tfasting\thypoglycemia\tbecause\tthe\timplications\tare\tserious.\nManagement\tof\thypoglycemia\nThe\tmanagement\tof\thypoglycemic\tdisorders\tinvolves\ttwo\tdistinct\tcomponents:\t(1... | [
-0.02576788142323494,
0.0023413943126797676,
0.06314859539270401,
0.015486863441765308,
-0.037839557975530624,
0.044173285365104675,
0.07715296000242233,
0.04067079722881317,
0.016856646165251732,
0.021283654496073723,
0.10474621504545212,
0.0031374457757920027,
0.06253021210432053,
-0.007... |
of\nneuroglycopenic\tsymptoms\tby\trestoring\tblood\tglucose\tconcentrations\tto\tthe\tnormal\trange\tand\t(2)\ncorrection\tof\tthe\tunderlying\tcause.\tThe\timmediate\ttreatment\tis\tto\teat\tfoods\tor\tbeverages\tcontaining\ncarbohydrates.\tAs\tthe\tglucose\tfrom\tthe\tbreakdown\tof\tcarbohydrates\tis\tabsorbed\tinto... | [
0.03152155503630638,
-0.1016673669219017,
0.0448637455701828,
-0.011679504066705704,
-0.1225353553891182,
-0.004219801165163517,
0.11899106949567795,
0.00449792668223381,
0.02400035969913006,
0.08893678337335587,
0.0902128666639328,
-0.02304728329181671,
0.021932365372776985,
0.01233310066... |
bloodstream,\tit\tincreases\tthe\tlevel\tof\tglucose\tin\tthe\tblood\tand\trelieves\tthe\tsymptoms.\tIf\tan\nunderlying\tproblem\tis\n\tcausing\thypoglycemia,\tappropriate\ttreatment\tof\tthis\tdisease\tor\tdisorder\tis\nessential.\nThe\tgoal\tof\ttreatment\tis\tto\tadopt\teating\thabits\tthat\twill\tkeep\tblood\tgluco... | [
0.01280858926475048,
-0.06860027462244034,
0.03888783976435661,
-0.01663127727806568,
-0.08240597695112228,
0.021322036162018776,
0.09661367535591125,
0.06917431950569153,
0.009774388745427132,
0.04774083197116852,
0.04322780296206474,
0.0033832029439508915,
0.014698619022965431,
0.0736502... |
possible\t(\nInternational\tDiabetes\tCenter,\t2013\n).\tTo\tstay\tsymptom-free,\tit\tis\timportant\tfor\tindividuals\nto\teat\tfive\tto\tsix\tsmall\tmeals\tor\tsnacks\tper\tday,\tas\tthis\thelps\tto\tprovide\tmanageable\tamounts\tof\nglucose\tto\tthe\n\tbody.\tRecommended\tguidelines\tare\tlisted\tin\t\nBox\t29.8\n.\n... | [
-0.03757113590836525,
-0.05929848924279213,
0.019889837130904198,
0.003934493288397789,
-0.0511181578040123,
0.013648265972733498,
0.08652053773403168,
0.036858852952718735,
-0.018530935049057007,
0.05175652354955673,
0.09447728842496872,
-0.0008487996528856456,
0.06609392911195755,
0.0248... |
.\nBOX\t29.8\nGuidelines\tfor\tPreventing\tHypoglycemic\tSymptoms\tin\tPeople\nWho\tDo\tNot\tHave\tDiabetes\n1.\t\nEat\tsmall\tmeals,\twith\tsnacks\tinterspersed\tbetween\tmeals\tand\tat\tbedtime.\tThis\tmeans\neating\tfive\tto\tsix\tsmall\tmeals\trather\tthan\ttwo\tto\tthree\tlarge\tmeals\tto\tsteady\tthe\trelease\tof... | [
-0.016371235251426697,
-0.05752391740679741,
0.08240911364555359,
-0.03188580647110939,
-0.06555107980966568,
-0.006393488962203264,
0.1143285408616066,
-0.02845161221921444,
-0.01806546002626419,
0.07268576323986053,
0.06939120590686798,
-0.029177973046898842,
0.0574154295027256,
-0.02128... |
glucose\tinto\tthe\tbloodstream.\n2.\t\nSpread\tthe\tintake\tof\tcarbohydrate\n\tfoods\tthroughout\tthe\tday.\tMost\tindividuals\tcan\teat\ttwo\nto\tfour\tservings\tof\tcarbohydrate\tfoods\tat\teach\tmeal\tand\tone\tto\ttwo\tservings\tat\teach\tsnack.\nIf\tcarbohydrates\tare\tremoved\tfrom\tthe\tdiet\tcompletely,\tthe\... | [
-0.0074922130443155766,
-0.06010647863149643,
0.0008391559822484851,
-0.027740316465497017,
-0.07739824801683426,
0.008119834586977959,
0.08795259892940521,
-0.0030307509005069733,
-0.014326236210763454,
0.06685809791088104,
0.0583101250231266,
-0.05252813175320625,
0.023434186354279518,
-... |
carbohydrates\tproperly,\tso\tthis\tis\tnot\trecommended.\tCarbohydrate\tfoods\tinclude\tstarches,\nfruits\tand\tfruit\tjuices,\tmilk\tand\tyogurt,\tand\tfoods\tcontaining\tsugar.\n3.\t\nAvoid\tor\tlimit\tfoods\thigh\tin\tsugar\tand\tcarbohydrate,\tespecially\ton\tan\tempty\tstomach.\nExamples\tof\tthese\tfoods\tare\tr... | [
-0.024592915549874306,
-0.04322061315178871,
0.003770023351535201,
0.013592194765806198,
-0.05440578982234001,
0.00957466196268797,
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0.0332958847284317,
0.11316896229982376,
-0.07209179550409317,
0.05715583637356758,
-0.0388... |
yogurts,\tpies,\tand\tcakes.\n4.\t\nAvoid\tbeverages\tand\tfoods\tcontaining\tcaffeine.\tCaffeine\tcan\tcause\tthe\tsame\tsymptoms\tas\nhypoglycemia\tand\tmake\tthe\tindividual\tfeel\tworse.\n5.\t\nLimit\tor\tavoid\talcoholic\tbeverages.\tDrinking\n\talcohol\ton\tan\tempty\tstomach\tand\twithout\tfood\ncan\tlower\tbloo... | [
-0.005297800060361624,
-0.043472956866025925,
0.07196763157844543,
0.02745230868458748,
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0.021655304357409477,
0.12786078453063965,
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0.022103173658251762,
0.0759258046746254,
-0.03017164021730423,
0.05050453916192055,
0.0111... |
glucose\t(gluconeogenesis).\tIf\tan\tindividual\tchooses\tto\tdrink\talcohol,\tit\tshould\tbe\tdone\tin\nmoderation\t(one\tor\ttwo\tdrinks\tno\tmore\tthan\ttwice\ta\tweek),\tand\tfood\talways\tshould\tbe\neaten\talong\twith\tthe\talcoholic\tbeverage.\nModified\tfrom\tInternational\tDiabetes\tCenter:\t\nReactive\tand\tf... | [
-0.052277885377407074,
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0.022460035979747772,
0.01745501346886158,
-0.03483063355088234,
0.02668522484600544,
0.0993083044886589,
0.022261498495936394,
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0.02812727726995945,
0.060973696410655975,
-0.030384168028831482,
-0.029934365302324295,
-0.0060... |
,\tMinneapolis,\t2013,\nInternational\tDiabetes\tCenter.\nPatients\twith\thypoglycemia\talso\tmay\tbenefit\tfrom\tlearning\tcarbohydrate\tcounting\tand,\tto\tprevent\nhypoglycemia,\teating\tthree\tto\tfour\tcarbohydrate\tservings\t(15\tg\tof\tcarbohydrate\tper\tserving)\tat\nmeals\tand\tone\tto\ttwo\tfor\tsnacks\t(see\... | [
-0.025242794305086136,
-0.03544674441218376,
0.04844972863793373,
-0.005708253011107445,
-0.03547681123018265,
0.020590195432305336,
0.1038912832736969,
0.006291098427027464,
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0.029072007164359093,
0.08487065136432648,
-0.04879116639494896,
0.05032169446349144,
-0.01... |
Appendix\t18\n).\tFoods\tcontaining\tprotein\tcan\tbe\teaten\tat\tmeals\nor\twith\tsnacks.\n\tThese\tfoods\twould\tbe\texpected\tto\thave\tminimum\teffect\ton\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tand\ncan\tadd\textra\tfood\tfor\tsatiety\tand\tcalories.\tHowever,\tbecause\tprotein\tand\tcarbohydrate\tstimulate\ninsulin\trelease,\ta... | [
0.02975473366677761,
-0.07154187560081482,
0.050994887948036194,
-0.02906319685280323,
-0.0662664845585823,
-0.02139556221663952,
0.07041293382644653,
0.0068425084464251995,
-0.0200135987251997,
0.028013166040182114,
0.13140201568603516,
-0.010493206791579723,
0.056224606931209564,
0.00904... |
CLINICAL\tCASE\tSTUDY\nMP\tis\ta\t65-year-old,\tnonsmoking\tHispanic\tfemale\twho\tis\tbeing\tseen\tfor\tmanagement\tof\ttype\t2\ndiabetes.\tHer\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tare\tuncontrolled\n\tas\tevidenced\tby\tan\tA1C\t>\t10,\tand\tshe\ncomplains\tof\tincreasing\tnumbness\tin\ther\tfeet\tand\toccasionally\tin\ther\tfin... | [
-0.016100654378533363,
-0.021718068048357964,
0.042189665138721466,
0.011420458555221558,
-0.09477581828832626,
0.0173451229929924,
0.1274697631597519,
0.05286472290754318,
-0.05670424550771713,
0.01932198740541935,
0.09180861711502075,
-0.03406210243701935,
-0.03640985116362572,
0.0420512... |
urination\tduring\tthe\tday\tand\tovernight.\tFrom\tinterviewing\ther\tand\treviewing\ther\thealth\trecord,\nyou\tlearn\tthe\tfollowing\tabout\ther:\nEducation:\tdid\tnot\tcomplete\thigh\tschool,\tattended\tthrough\tmiddle\tschool.\nOccupation:\tnot\temployed\toutside\tthe\thome,\tbabysits\tinfant\tgrandchild\n\ton\ta\... | [
0.015817267820239067,
-0.055027108639478683,
0.0851067528128624,
-0.04864174500107765,
-0.1601363867521286,
-0.03601747006177902,
0.08629656583070755,
-0.015851689502596855,
-0.013946912251412868,
0.06943188607692719,
0.06980261951684952,
0.0023331898264586926,
0.024284809827804565,
0.0234... |
on\ta\tdaily\tbasis.\nHousehold\tMembers:\tlives\twith\ther\thusband\tand\twith\tone\tof\ther\tfour\tadult\tchildren.\nEthnic\tBackground:\tLatin\tAmerican,\tborn\tin\tMexico,\temigrated\tto\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tin\t1980.\nReligious\tAffiliation:\tCatholic.\nLanguage:\tNative\tSpanish,\tspeaks\tEnglish—has\tdifficulty... | [
0.020252274349331856,
-0.005910934414714575,
0.05959951877593994,
-0.051109571009874344,
-0.09943118691444397,
0.018142033368349075,
0.030212488025426865,
-0.04888240620493889,
-0.013934806920588017,
0.03071080707013607,
0.09981340169906616,
-0.07641521841287613,
0.050276849418878555,
0.00... |
Patient\tHistory:\tWeighed\tmore\tthan\t9\tlb\tat\tbirth.\nMP\twas\tdiagnosed\twith\tT2DM\t10\tor\t15\tyears\n\tago\tand\ther\tdiabetes\tmanagement\thistory\tis\tas\nfollows:\nType\tof\tTreatment:\tNutrition\ttherapy\tplus\toral\tdiabetes\tmedication\tand\tlong-acting\tinsulin\tat\nbedtime\t(HS)\nMedications:\tglargine... | [
-0.04725530743598938,
0.021429436281323433,
0.007432817481458187,
-0.031440068036317825,
-0.07203077524900436,
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0.0634751096367836,
0.07793440669775009,
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0.0034229313023388386,
0.06366290897130966,
0.05432242155075073,
0.03634554147720337,
0.0302... |
simvastatin\t40\tmg\tdaily,\tlevothyroxine\t75\tmcg\tdaily\nFamily\tHistory:\tMother\thad\ttype\t2\tdiabetes,\t12-year-old\tgrandson\trecently\tdiagnosed\twith\nprediabetes\nMedical\tHistory:\ttype\t2\tdiabetes,\thypertension,\thyperlipidemia,\thypothyroidism,\tepisodic\nmigraines\t(last\toccurrence\t2017)\nPhysical\te... | [
-0.03559676557779312,
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0.02830539643764496,
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0.04649052396416664,
0.07536209374666214,
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0.031370796263217926,
0.07034440338611603,
-0.03709971904754639,
0.04895999655127525,
0.01149... |
Weight:\t201\tlbs.\nHeight:\t5’2”.\nTemperature:\t98.6°F\nBlood\tPressure:\t143/88\tmm\tHg\nHeart\tRate:\t80\tbpm\nLaboratories:\tA1C\t10\nNutrition\tdiagnostic\tstatement\n•\t\nAltered\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\trelated\tto\tdifficulty\n\tmatch\tinsulin\tto\tcarbohydrate\tintake\tas\nevidenced\tby\texcessive\tmealtime\t... | [
-0.02581479772925377,
-0.04129882529377937,
0.033177752047777176,
0.0207302737981081,
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0.08390388637781143,
0.041859038174152374,
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0.05262765288352966,
-0.10529980063438416,
0.015385839156806469,
0.003... |
monitoring\tof\tblood\tglucose\t(SMBG)\tdownload\tdata\treport.\nInterventions\n•\t\nFor\teach\tof\tthe\ttwo\tproblem,\tetiology,\tand\tsigns\tand\tsymptoms\t(PES)\tstatements,\twrite\ta\ngoal\tbased\ton\tsigns\tand\tsymptoms.\n•\t\nFor\tthe\ttwo\tgoals,\twrite\ttwo\tto\tthree\tnutrition\tinterventions\tbased\n\ton\tth... | [
0.0015030800132080913,
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-0.034994084388017654,
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0.10088560730218887,
0.015728767961263657,
0.015755727887153625,
0.09605817496776581,
0.08916623145341873,
-0.018267646431922913,
0.058923423290252686,
... |
on\tthe\tetiology\tthat\twould\nbe\tappropriate\tfor\tMP.\nNOTE:\tIn\ta\treal\tface-to-face\tappointment\tbetween\ta\tregistered\tdietitian\tnutritionist\t(RDN)/\nCertified\tDiabetes\tEducator\t(CDE)\tand\tMP,\tthey\twould\tcollaboratively\tdevelop\ther\tgoals\ttogether.\nEvaluation\tand\tmonitoring\n•\t\nWhen\tshould\... | [
0.005919004324823618,
-0.018984956666827202,
0.07151524722576141,
-0.04993163421750069,
-0.10666094720363617,
0.001202339306473732,
0.08745096623897552,
-0.011501956731081009,
-0.010874321684241295,
0.06013190373778343,
0.09522759914398193,
-0.06037747859954834,
0.014732222072780132,
0.017... |
•\t\nWhat\twould\tyou\tassess\tat\tthe\tfollow-up\tvisit\n\tbased\ton\tthe\tnutrition\tgoals\tand\tinterventions\ndeveloped\tat\tthe\tinitial\tappointment?\nUseful\twebsites\nAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics\t(AND)\nAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics\tEvidence\tAnalysis\tLibrary\nAmerican\tAssociation\tof\tDi... | [
0.03346473351120949,
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0.03893231600522995,
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0.009422693401575089,
0.08284593373537064,
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0.07002613693475723,
0.11026308685541153,
-0.025825120508670807,
-0.011940881609916687,
0.0164... |
American\tDiabetes\tAssociation\t(ADA)\nDiabetes\tCare\tand\tEducation\tPractice\tGroup\t(DCE)\nDCE\tPatient\tEducation\tHandouts\nInternational\n\tDiabetes\tCenter\t(IDC)\nIDC\tPublishing\nJoslin\tDiabetes\tCenter\nNational\tDiabetes\tEducation\tProgram\t(NDEP)\nNational\tInstitute\tof\tDiabetes\tand\tDigestive\tKidne... | [
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0.007614617235958576,
0.017925113439559937,
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0.027998413890600204,
0.08796513080596924,
0.030367864295840263,
0.0024446877650916576,
-0.014844335615634918,
0.025557538494467735,
0.04512990266084671,
-0.055272895842790604,
-... |
Resources\tfor\tHealthcare\tProfessionals\nPortions\tof\tthis\tchapter\twere\twritten\tby\tMarion\tJ\tFranz,\tMS,\tRDN,\tLD,\tCDE\tand\tAlison\tB\tEvert,\tMS,\tRDN,\nCDE\tfor\tthe\tprevious\tedition\tof\tthis\ttext. | [
-0.03512812778353691,
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0.005679403897374868,
0.009654996916651726,
0.10842405259609222,
0.016203664243221283,
0.022392475977540016,
0.02351718209683895,
0.04032539576292038,
0.019277947023510933,
0.07533995062112808,
0.032... |
30\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tfor\nthyroid,\tadrenal,\tand\tother\nendocrine\tdisorders\nSheila\tDean,\tDSc,\tRDN,\tLDN,\tCCN,\tIFMCP\nKEY\tTERMS\n5-deiodinase\nAddison’s\tdisease\nadrenal\tfatigue\nautoimmune\tthyroid\tdisorders\t(AITDs)\ncalcitonin\ncortisol\ncretinism\neuthyroid\tsick\tsyndrome\nfree\tT\n4\ngoitr... | [
-0.00030320597579702735,
-0.07357601821422577,
0.023541491478681564,
-0.05751838907599449,
-0.07368440181016922,
-0.003380803856998682,
0.031512994319200516,
0.09934116154909134,
-0.07251240313053131,
0.10568676143884659,
0.077291339635849,
0.003894736524671316,
0.05238247662782669,
0.0511... |
4\ngoitrin\nGraves’\tdisease\nHashimoto’s\tthyroiditis\nhyperthyroidism\nhypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid\n\taxis\t(HPT\taxis)\nhypothalamus\nhypothyroidism\npituitary\tgland\npolycystic\tovary\tsyndrome\t(PCOS)\nreverse\tT\n3\n\t(rT\n3\n)\nSchmidt’s\tsyndrome\nthyroglobulin\tantibodies\t(TGB\tAb)\nthyroid-binding\tglobu... | [
-0.006449354812502861,
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0.000030287550544016995,
0.04867773875594139,
0.05700523406267166,
-0.07213259488344193,
0.07712352275848389,
0.06715759634971619,
0.006629935931414366,
0.01905827224254608,
0.... |
thyroid-binding\tglobulin\t(TBG)\nthyroid\tperoxidase\t(TPO)\nthyroid\tperoxidase\tantibodies\t(TPO\tAb)\nthyroid-stimulating\thormone\t(TSH)\nthyrotoxicosis\nthyrotropin-releasing\thormone\t(TRH)\nthyroxine\t(T\n4\n)\ntriiodothyronine\t(T\n3\n)\ntyrosine\nDiabetes\tmellitus\tis\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tendocrine-related\tc... | [
0.004389845300465822,
-0.06476879864931107,
-0.006457703188061714,
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-0.04044220596551895,
0.04193732142448425,
0.05060265213251114,
0.0642053633928299,
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0.05644448846578598,
0.027529101818799973,
-0.010958295315504074,
0.03182856738567352,
0.01366... |
Centers\tfor\tDisease\nControl\tand\tPrevention\t[CDC],\t2018\n;\t\nNational\tInstitutes\tof\tHealth\t[NIH]\tMedlinePlus,\t2018\n).\nHowever,\taccording\tto\ta\tcomprehensive\treview\tof\tthe\tprevalence\tand\tincidence\tof\tendocrine\tand\nmetabolic\tdisorders\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\t(2009),\tabout\t5%\tof\tthe\tU.S... | [
0.02245340682566166,
-0.012940163724124432,
0.03705340251326561,
-0.05733577534556389,
-0.0707232803106308,
0.026103297248482704,
0.044783394783735275,
0.003955402877181768,
0.041683416813611984,
0.050931960344314575,
0.06307640671730042,
-0.023001855239272118,
0.015004617162048817,
0.0008... |
has\thypothyroidism,\n\tand\tmore\tthan\thalf\tremain\tundiagnosed.\tFurthermore,\tindividuals\twith\tdiabetes\ntend\tto\thave\ta\thigher\tprevalence\tof\tthyroid\tdisorders.\tAccording\tto\tNational\tHealth\tand\tNutrition\nExamination\tSurvey\t(NHANES)\tdata,\tthe\tlargest\tcommunity-based\tstudy\tof\tthyroid\tfuncti... | [
0.0011019802186638117,
-0.0070592318661510944,
0.06948747485876083,
-0.06013033539056778,
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0.006832494400441647,
0.11226145923137665,
0.032518986612558365,
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0.04191961884498596,
0.07086117565631866,
-0.012690511532127857,
0.009533902630209923,
0.0... |
United\tStates,\tthe\tprevalence\tof\thigh\tserum\tthyroid-stimulating\thormone\t(a\tmarker\tfor\nunderfunctioning\tthyroid)\twas\n\t2%\tin\tpeople\taged\t60\tto\t69\tyears,\t6%\tin\tthose\taged\t70\tto\t79\tyears,\nand\t10%\tin\tthose\taged\t80\tyears\tand\tolder\t(\nHollowell\tet\tal,\t2002\n). | [
0.024871306493878365,
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0.05943714827299118,
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0.14837773144245148,
0.0002160034200642258,
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0.05434209108352661,
0.08687705546617508,
-0.050176359713077545,
0.03653425723314285,
0.02874... |
In\tan\tanalysis\tthat\texamined\tthyroid\tdisease\trisk\tamong\tmultiple\tethnicities\tin\tthe\tU.S.\tmilitary,\nthe\tincident\trate\tfor\tthyroid\tdisease,\tspecifically\tGraves’\tdisease\t(autoimmune\thyperthyroid),\twas\nsignificantly\thigher\tamong\tblacks\tand\tAsian/Pacific\tIslanders.\tThe\n\tincidence\tof\taut... | [
0.05206814035773277,
-0.02046453021466732,
0.027625437825918198,
-0.07678844034671783,
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0.007161235902458429,
0.11188691854476929,
0.044378917664289474,
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0.08994147181510925,
0.09272464364767075,
-0.030079616233706474,
0.019216543063521385,
0.03119... |
incidence\tof\tautoimmune\nhypothyroid,\tHashimoto’s\tthyroiditis,\twas\thighest\tin\twhites\tand\tlowest\tin\tblacks\tand\tAsian/Pacific\nIslanders\t(\nMcLeod\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nIn\ta\tstudy\tthat\texamined\tgender,\trace,\tand\tsocioeconomic\tinfluence\ton\tdiagnosis\tand\ttreatment\tof\nthyroid\tdisorders\tin\tBraz... | [
0.02838054671883583,
0.020007098093628883,
0.06662949919700623,
-0.03195832669734955,
-0.04344312846660614,
0.0047307368367910385,
0.07464554905891418,
0.05566556751728058,
-0.05957463011145592,
0.08575780689716339,
0.10633046925067902,
0.005617222748696804,
0.04002038389444351,
0.04793741... |
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