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Carbohydrates\tshould\tbe\tdistributed\tthroughout\tthe\n\tday\tinto\tthree\tsmall-to-moderate\tsize\tmeals\nand\ttwo\tto\tfour\tsnacks.\tAll\tpregnant\twomen\trequire\ta\tminimum\tof\t175\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates\tdaily\n(\nAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics\tEvidence\tAnalysis\tLibrary,\t2016\n).\tAn\tevening\tsnack... | [
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).\tAn\tevening\tsnack\tusually\tis\nneeded\tto\tprevent\taccelerated\tketosis\tovernight.\tCarbohydrates\tare\tnot\tas\twell\ttolerated\tat\nbreakfast\tas\tthey\tare\tat\tother\tmeals\tbecause\tof\tincreased\tlevels\tof\tcortisol\n\tand\tgrowth\thormones.\tTo\ncompensate\tfor\tthis,\tthe\tinitial\teating\tplan\tmay\th... | [
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breakfast.\tTo\tsatisfy\thunger,\tprotein\tfoods\tcan\tbe\tadded\tbecause\tthey\tdo\tnot\taffect\tblood\tglucose\nlevels.\nAccording\tto\tthe\tEBNPG,\tthe\tRDN\tshould\tindividualize\tthe\tcalorie\tprescription\tbased\ton\ta\nthorough\tnutrition\tassessment\twith\tguidance\tfrom\trelevant\treferences\t(DRIs,\tthe\tIOM)... | [
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and\nencourage\tadequate\tcaloric\tintake\tto\tpromote\tfetal/neonatal\tand\tmaternal\thealth,\tachieve\tglycemic\ngoals,\tand\tpromote\tappropriate\tgestational\tweight\tgain.\tWeight\tgain\tduring\tpregnancy\tfor\twomen\nwith\tGDM\tshould\tbe\tsimilar\tto\tthat\tof\twomen\twithout\tdiabetes. | [
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with\tGDM\tshould\tbe\tsimilar\tto\tthat\tof\twomen\twithout\tdiabetes.\nExercise\tassists\tin\tovercoming\tperipheral\tresistance\tto\tinsulin\tand\tin\tcontrolling\tfasting\tand\npostprandial\thyperglycemia\tand\tmay\tbe\tused\n\tas\tan\tadjunct\tto\tnutrition\ttherapy\tto\timprove\tmaternal | [
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as\tan\tadjunct\tto\tnutrition\ttherapy\tto\timprove\tmaternal\nglycemia.\tThe\tideal\tform\tof\texercise\tis\tunknown,\tbut\ta\tbrisk\twalk\tafter\tmeals\tis\toften\trecommended.\nWomen\twith\tGDM\t(and\twomen\twith\tpreexisting\tdiabetes)\tshould\tbe\tencouraged\tto\tbreastfeed\nbecause\tbreastfeeding\tis\tassociated... | [
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ADA,\t2018\n)\t(see\nChapter\t14\n).\tFor\twomen\twith\tGDM\twho\tare\toverweight/obese\tor\n\twith\tabove-recommended\tweight | [
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gain\tduring\tpregnancy,\tweight\tloss\tis\tadvised\tafter\tdelivery.\tWeight\tloss\tmay\taid\tin\treducing\tthe\trisk\nof\trecurrent\tGDM\tor\tfuture\tdevelopment\tof\tT2DM\t(\nReader,\t2012\n).\nOlder\tadults.\nThe\tprevalence\tof\tdiabetes\tand\tIGT\tincreases\tdramatically\tas\tpeople\tage.\tMany\tfactors\tpredispo... | [
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older\tadults\tto\tdiabetes:\tage-related\tdecreases\tin\tinsulin\tproduction,\tadiposity,\tdecreased\n\tphysical\nactivity,\tmultiple\tprescription\tmedications,\tgenetics,\tand\tcoexisting\tillnesses.\tA\tmajor\tfactor\tappears\nto\tbe\tinsulin\tresistance.\tControversy\tpersists\tas\tto\twhether\tthe\tinsulin\tresis... | [
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change\tor\twhether\tit\tis\tattributable\tto\treduced\tphysical\tactivity,\tdecreased\tlean\tbody\tmass\n(sarcopenia),\tand\tincreased\tadipose\ttissue,\twhich\tare\tcommon\tin\tolder\tadults.\tFurthermore,\nmedications\tused\tto\ttreat\tcoexisting\tdiseases\tmay\tcomplicate\tdiabetes\ttherapy\tin\tolder\tadults. | [
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Despite\tthe\tincrease\tin\tglucose\tintolerance\twith\tage,\taging\tshould\tnot\tbe\ta\treason\tfor\tsuboptimal\ncontrol\tof\tblood\tglucose.\tPersistent\thyperglycemia\thas\tdeleterious\teffects\ton\tthe\tbody’s\tdefense\nmechanisms\tagainst\tinfection.\tIt\talso\tincreases\tthe\tpain\tthreshold\tby\texacerbating\tne... | [
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and\n\tit\thas\ta\tdetrimental\teffect\ton\tthe\toutcome\tof\tcerebrovascular\taccidents.\nHowever,\twhile\tit\tis\timportant\tto\tcontrol\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tin\tthis\tpopulation,\tthe\nrecommendations\tin\tblood\tglucose\ttargets\tfor\tolder\tadults\twith\tdiabetes\thave\tchanged.\tOlder\tadults | [
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who\tare\totherwise\thealthy\twith\tfew\tcoexisting\tchronic\tillnesses\tand\tintact\tcognitive\tfunction\tand\nfunctional\tstatus\tshould\thave\tlower\tglycemic\n\tgoals\t(A1C\t<7.5%\t[58\tmmol/mol]),\twhile\tthose\twith\nmultiple\tcoexisting\tchronic\tillnesses,\tcognitive\timpairment,\tor\tfunctional\tdependence\tsh... | [
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less\tstringent\tglycemic\tgoals\t(A1C\t<8.0%\tto\t8.5%\t[64\tto\t69\tmmol/mol])\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nNutrition\trecommendations\tfor\tolder\tadults\twith\tdiabetes\tshould\tinclude\tmeeting\tthe\tDRI\tfor\tage\nfor\tnutrients,\tdrinking\tadequate\tfluid,\tavoiding\tsignificant\tweight\n\tloss,\tand\tbeing\tsensitive\tt... | [
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loss,\tand\tbeing\tsensitive\tto\nindividual\tpreferences\tand\tlongstanding\tfood\thabits\twhile\tadvocating\tgood\tnutrition\t(\nStanley,\t2012\n)\n(see\t\nChapter\t19\n).\tRestrictive\tdiets\tare\tcontraindicated.\tPhysical\tactivity\tcan\treduce\tthe\tdecline\tin\naerobic\tcapacity\tsignificantly\tthat\toccurs\twit... | [
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decline\tin\tage-related\tlean\tbody\tmass,\tdecrease\tcentral\tadiposity,\n\tand\timprove\tinsulin\tsensitivity;\nthus\tit\tshould\tbe\tencouraged.\tFlexibility\ttraining\tand\tbalance\ttraining\tare\trecommended\ttwo\tto\nthree\ttimes\tper\tweek\tfor\tolder\tadults\twith\tdiabetes.\tYoga\tand\ttai\tchi\tmay\tbe\tincl... | [
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individual\tpreferences\tto\tincrease\tflexibility,\tmuscular\tstrength,\tand\tbalance\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nMalnutrition,\tnot\tobesity,\tis\tthe\tmore\tprevalent\tnutrition-related\tproblem\tin\tolder\n\tadults.\tIt\toften\nremains\tsubclinical\tor\tunrecognized\tbecause\tthe\tresult\tof\tmalnutrition—excessive\tloss\t... | [
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mass—resembles\tthe\tsigns\tand\tsymptoms\tof\tthe\taging\tprocess.\tMalnutrition\tand\tdiabetes\tadversely\naffect\twound\thealing\tand\tdefense\tagainst\tinfection,\tand\tmalnutrition\tis\tassociated\twith\tdepression\nand\tcognitive\tdeficits.\tThe\tmost\treliable\tindicator\tof\tpoor\tnutrition\tstatus\tin\tolder\n... | [
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adults\tis\ta\tchange\nin\tbody\tweight;\tinvoluntary\tweight\tgain\tor\tloss\tof\tmore\tthan\t10\tpounds\tor\t10%\tof\tbody\tweight\tin\tless\nthan\t6\tmonths\tindicates\ta\tneed\tto\tevaluate\tthe\treason.\nIt\tis\tessential\tthat\tolder\tadults,\tespecially\tthose\tin\tlong-term\tcare\tsettings,\tfocus\ton\tenjoymen... | [
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the\tmeal\texperience\tin\taddition\tto\tmeeting\tnutritional\tneeds.\tDietary\trestriction\tis\tnot\twarranted\tfor\nolder\tresidents\n\tin\tlong-term\thealth\tfacilities.\tResidents\tshould\tbe\tserved\tthe\tregular,\tunrestricted\nmenu.\tStrict\tcarbohydrate\tcontrol\tand\tuse\tof\tsugar-free\tfoods\thas\tnot\tbeen\... | [
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population;\thowever,\troutine\tmeals\twith\tconsistent\tportion\tsizes\tcan\tassist\twith\tblood\tsugar\tcontrol\n(\nSwift,\t2012\n).\nHyperglycemia\tand\tdehydration\tcan\tlead\tto\ta\tserious\tcomplication\tof\tdiabetes\tin\tolder\tadults:\nhyperglycemic\thyperosmolar\tstate\t(HHS)\n.\tPatients\twith\tHHS\thave\ta\t... | [
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.\tPatients\twith\tHHS\thave\ta\tvery\thigh\tblood\tglucose\nlevel\t(>600\tmg/dL\t[33.3mmol/L])\twithout\tketones\t(\nPasquel\tand\tUmpierrez,\t2014\n).\tPatients\tare\nmarkedly\tdehydrated,\tand\tmental\talterations\trange\tfrom\tmild\tconfusion\tto\thallucinations\tor\tcoma.\nPatients\twho\thave\tHHS\thave\tsufficien... | [
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hydration\tand\tsmall\tdoses\tof\tinsulin\tto\tcontrol\thyperglycemia.\nThe\tnutrition\tprescription\nTo\tdevelop,\teducate,\tand\tcounsel\tindividuals\tregarding\tthe\tnutrition\tprescription,\tit\tis\tessential\tto\nlearn\tabout\ttheir\tlifestyle\tand\teating\thabits.\tFood\tand\teating\thistories\tcan\tbe\tdone\tsev... | [
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with\tthe\tobjective\tof\tdetermining\ta\tschedule\tand\tpattern\tof\teating\tthat\twill\tbe\tthe\tleast\tdisruptive\tto\nthe\tlifestyle\tof\tthe\tindividual\twith\tdiabetes\tand,\tat\tthe\tsame\n\ttime,\twill\tfacilitate\timproved\tmetabolic\ncontrol.\tWith\tthis\tobjective\tin\tmind,\tasking\tthe\tindividual\teither\... | [
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and\twhen\the\tor\tshe\ttypically\teats\tduring\ta\t24-hour\tperiod\tmay\tbe\tthe\tmost\tuseful.\tAnother\tapproach\nis\tto\task\tthe\tindividual\tto\tkeep\tand\tbring\ta\t3-day\tor\t1-week\tfood\tintake\trecord\t(see\t\nChapter\t4\n\tand\nFigs.\t4.5\n\tand\t\n4.6\n).\tThe\trequest\tto\tcomplete\ta\tfood\trecord\n\tcan... | [
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can\tbe\tmade\twhen\tan\tappointment\twith\nthe\tRDN\tis\tscheduled.\tIt\tis\talso\timportant\tto\tlearn\tabout\tdaily\troutine\tand\tschedule.\tThe\tfollowing\ninformation\tis\tneeded:\t(1)\ttime\tof\twaking;\t(2)\tusual\tmeal\tand\teating\ttimes;\t(3)\twork\tschedule\tor\nschool\thours;\t(4)\ttype,\tamount,\tand\ttim... | [
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0.03211387246847153,
0.02241... |
timing\tof\tdiabetes\tmedication;\tand\t(7)\tSMBG\tdata.\nUsing\tthe\n\tassessment\tdata\tand\tfood\tand\tnutrition\thistory\tinformation,\ta\tpreliminary\teating\tplan\ncan\tthen\tbe\tdesigned\tand,\tif\tthe\tindividual\tdesires,\tsample\tmenus\tprovided.\tDeveloping\tan\teating\nplan\tdoes\tnot\tbegin\twith\ta\tset\t... | [
0.02095070667564869,
-0.018039392307400703,
0.07331518083810806,
-0.012264734134078026,
-0.06566271185874939,
0.0007940283394418657,
0.10555855184793472,
-0.01872929558157921,
0.0026050808373838663,
0.0642499029636383,
0.08833354711532593,
-0.030447399243712425,
0.037904441356658936,
0.031... |
modifying\tthe\tindividual’s\tusual\tfood\tintake\tas\tnecessary.\tThe\tworksheet\tin\t\nFig.\t29.4\n\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\nrecord\tthe\tusual\n\tfoods\teaten\tand\tto\tmodify\tthe\tusual\tfood\tand\tnutrient\tintake\tas\tnecessary.\tThe\nmacronutrient\tand\tcaloric\tvalues\tfor\tthe\tfood\tlists\tare\tlisted\ton\tthe\tf... | [
-0.008282673545181751,
-0.007116925902664661,
0.03677420690655708,
-0.0354575589299202,
-0.07374224811792374,
0.0011518675601109862,
0.08327418565750122,
0.011486132629215717,
-0.003197946585714817,
0.010906764306128025,
0.10378096997737885,
-0.017909275367856026,
0.07176967710256577,
-0.0... |
Table\t29.8\n;\tsee\nAppendix\t18\n\tfor\tportion\tsizes\tof\tthe\tfoods\ton\tthe\tfood\tlists.\tThese\ttools\tare\tuseful\tin\tevaluating\nnutrition\tassessments. | [
0.013503124006092548,
-0.018704146146774292,
-0.027693305164575577,
0.042876116931438446,
-0.06372666358947754,
0.03847689926624298,
0.07449457049369812,
0.06659562885761261,
-0.028247548267245293,
0.000374808965716511,
0.1345057338476181,
-0.12264234572649002,
0.018070602789521217,
-0.031... |
FIG.\t29.4\nWorksheet\tfor\tassessment\tand\tdesign\tof\ta\tmeal\tor\tfood\tplan.\t\nCHO\n,\tCarbohydrate.\nTABLE\t29.8\nMacronutrient\tand\tCaloric\tValues\tfor\tFood\tLists\n*\nFood\tList\nCarbohydrate\n(grams)\nProtein\n(grams)\nFat\n(grams)\nCalories\nCarbohydrates\nStarch:\tbreads,\tcereals\tand\tgrains,\tstarchy\... | [
-0.02773088961839676,
-0.0651560053229332,
-0.03621957451105118,
-0.018688103184103966,
-0.021584637463092804,
0.01875770278275013,
0.08374214172363281,
0.03998666629195213,
-0.012648940086364746,
0.029253492131829262,
0.09122835844755173,
-0.04653390124440193,
0.012641568668186665,
0.0027... |
vegetables,\tcrackers,\tsnacks,\tand\tbeans,\tpeas,\nand\tlentils\n15\n3\n1\n80\nFruits\n15\n—\n—\n60\nMilk\tand\tmilk\tsubstitutes\nFat-free,\tlow-fat,\t1%\nReduced-fat,\t2%\nWhole\n12\n12\n12\n8\n8\n8\n0-3\n5\n8\n100\n120\n160\nSweets,\tdesserts,\tand\tother\tcarbohydrates\n15\nVaries\nVaries\nVaries\nNonstarchy\tveg... | [
-0.01417691633105278,
-0.04664670675992966,
0.0037282449193298817,
0.0351652167737484,
0.013387510553002357,
-0.013274095952510834,
0.03079460747539997,
-0.015119156800210476,
-0.11260152608156204,
0.017940381541848183,
0.06159168854355812,
-0.0458778515458107,
0.003766884794458747,
-0.006... |
2\n—\n25\nProteins\nLean\n—\n7\n2\n45\nMedium-fat\n—\n7\n5\n75\nHigh-fat\n—\n7\n8\n100\nPlant-based\tprotein\n—\n7\nVaries\nVaries\nFats\n—\n—\n5\n45\nAlcohol\t(1\talcohol\tequivalent)\nVaries\n—\n—\n100\n*\nSee\t\nAppendix\t18\n.\nFrom\tAmerican\tDiabetes\tAssociation\tand\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics:\t\nC... | [
0.017919044941663742,
-0.13757801055908203,
0.023895874619483948,
0.029744399711489677,
-0.05055315047502518,
0.02608080953359604,
0.06152334809303284,
0.021787790581583977,
-0.06844372302293777,
-0.010116362012922764,
0.10269206762313843,
-0.0709543526172638,
-0.04524686187505722,
0.04017... |
Choose\tyour\tfoods:\tFood\tlists\tfor\tdiabetes,\n\tAlexandria,\tVA,\tChicago,\n2014\tAmerican\tDiabetes\tAssociation,\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics.\nUsing\tthe\tform\tin\t\nFig.\t29.4\n,\tthe\tRDN\tbegins\tby\ttotaling\tthe\tnumber\tof\tservings\tfrom\teach\tfood\tlist\nand\tmultiplying\tthis\tnumber\tby\t... | [
0.01960824243724346,
-0.10030770301818848,
0.011233499273657799,
-0.010691695846617222,
-0.08332328498363495,
0.0196699108928442,
0.11120177805423737,
0.0015516594285145402,
-0.004479574970901012,
0.02686099149286747,
0.12700797617435455,
-0.05671859532594681,
0.04838578402996063,
-0.00343... |
Next,\tthe\tgrams\tof\tcarbohydrate,\tprotein,\tand\tfat\tare\ttotaled\tfrom\teach\tcolumn.\tThen\tthe\tgrams\tof\ncarbohydrates\tand\tprotein\tare\n\tmultiplied\tby\t4\t(4\tkcal/g\tof\tcarbohydrates\tand\tprotein),\tand\tthe\tgrams\nof\tfat\tare\tmultiplied\tby\t9\t(9\tkcal/g\tof\tfat).\tTotal\tcalories\tand\tpercenta... | [
0.010272104293107986,
-0.044605471193790436,
0.04471045359969139,
-0.04715482518076897,
-0.11040658503770828,
0.013482713140547276,
0.0809704065322876,
0.009623617865145206,
0.022834522649645805,
0.011082216165959835,
0.06560172885656357,
-0.02130337804555893,
0.05451210215687752,
0.031496... |
macronutrient\tcan\tthen\tbe\tdetermined.\tNumbers\tderived\tfrom\tthese\tcalculations\tare\tthen\trounded\noff.\t\nFig.\t29.5\n\tprovides\tan\texample\tof\ta\tpreliminary\teating\tplan.\tIn\tthis\texample\tthe\tnutrition\nprescription\twould\tbe\tthe\tfollowing:\n\t1900\tto\t2000\tcalories,\t230\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates\... | [
-0.05424557626247406,
-0.03269466757774353,
-0.009853296913206577,
0.026106655597686768,
-0.04031634330749512,
0.022150794044137,
0.08728145062923431,
0.04594952240586281,
-0.006329085677862167,
0.0034350447822362185,
0.0948595181107521,
-0.06993451714515686,
0.06123148277401924,
-0.022406... |
1900\tto\t2000\tcalories,\t230\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates\t(50%),\t90\tg\tof\nprotein\t(20%),\tand\t65\tg\tof\tfat\t(30%).\tThe\tnumber\tof\tcarbohydrate\tchoices\tfor\teach\tmeal\tand\tsnack\tis\nthe\ttotal\tof\tthe\tstarch,\tfruit,\tand\tmilk\tservings.\tVegetables,\tunless\tstarchy\tor\teaten\tin\tvery\tlarge | [
-0.008105196990072727,
-0.01380559429526329,
-0.0011610271176323295,
-0.025843944400548935,
-0.09181942790746689,
-0.00380348670296371,
0.08197569847106934,
0.04272151738405228,
-0.015274131670594215,
0.040990352630615234,
0.08474963903427124,
-0.0528380312025547,
0.05304785445332527,
0.03... |
amounts\t(three\tor\tmore\tservings\tper\tmeal),\tgenerally\tare\tconsidered\t“free\tfoods.”\tThe\tcarbohydrate\nchoices\tare\tcircled\tunder\teach\tmeal\tand\n\tsnack\tcolumn. | [
0.0025946300011128187,
0.011694113723933697,
0.009039822034537792,
-0.02627434767782688,
-0.08095605671405792,
0.0058990060351789,
0.09511292725801468,
0.007365645840764046,
0.06819062680006027,
0.03583233803510666,
0.09082899987697601,
-0.12236258387565613,
0.035613905638456345,
0.0030054... |
FIG.\t29.5\nAn\texample\tof\ta\tcompleted\tworksheet\tfrom\tthe\tassessment,\tthe\tnutrition\tprescription,\tand\ta\tsample\n1900-\tto\t2000-calorie\tmeal\tplan.\t\nCHO\n,\tCarbohydrate.\nThe\tnext\tstep\tis\tto\tevaluate\tthe\tpreliminary\teating\tplan.\tFirst\tand\tforemost,\tis\tthe\teating\tplan | [
-0.004800396505743265,
-0.005584437865763903,
0.05106433108448982,
-0.003432497614994645,
-0.07484308630228043,
0.05217990651726723,
0.039067044854164124,
0.05643099918961525,
0.0065315826795995235,
0.03910275921225548,
0.08942028880119324,
-0.10542958974838257,
-0.00007033057045191526,
-0... |
feasible\tand\twill\tit\tfit\tinto\tthe\tindividual’s\tlifestyle?\tSecond,\tis\tit\tappropriate\tfor\tdiabetes\nmanagement?\tThird,\tdoes\tit\tencourage\n\thealthful\teating?\tFourth,\tif\tthe\tindividual\tis\ttaking\tdiabetes\nmedicine,\tis\tthe\teating\tplan\tcoordinated\twith\tthe\tmedication\tplan\tto\treduce\trisk... | [
0.006558722350746393,
-0.06231483444571495,
0.016483239829540253,
-0.008284000679850578,
-0.07871603965759277,
0.014098163694143295,
0.06769788265228271,
0.0864199846982956,
-0.049955449998378754,
0.05616718530654907,
0.08803530037403107,
-0.0065365927293896675,
0.035221733152866364,
0.040... |
and/or\tminimize\tpostprandial\thyperglycemia?\nTo\tdiscuss\tfeasibility,\tthe\teating\tplan\tis\treviewed\twith\tthe\tindividual\tin\tterms\tof\tgeneral\tfood\nintake.\tTiming\tof\tmeals\tand\tsnacks\tand\tapproximate\tportion\tsizes\tand\ttypes\tof\tfoods\tare\tdiscussed.\nCalorie\tlevels\tare\tonly\tapproximate,\tan... | [
0.0130966417491436,
-0.04784942790865898,
0.03922412544488907,
-0.001710386830382049,
-0.03543588146567345,
-0.012671088799834251,
0.09048235416412354,
0.017999323084950447,
-0.023316847160458565,
0.03702141344547272,
0.10326597094535828,
-0.03181123733520508,
0.051046017557382584,
0.00013... |
A\tmeal-planning\tapproach\tcan\tbe\tselected\tlater\tthat\twill\tassist\tthe\tpatient\tin\tmaking\tfood\tchoices.\tAt\nthis\tpoint\tit\tmust\tbe\tdetermined\twhether\tthis\teating\tplan\tis\treasonable.\nTo\tdetermine\tthe\tappropriateness\tof\tthe\teating\tplan\tfor\tdiabetes\tmanagement,\tdistribution\tof\tthe\nmeal... | [
0.017683381214737892,
-0.015098776668310165,
0.042404260486364365,
-0.043641116470098495,
-0.10619852691888809,
0.0070503815077245235,
0.0819493904709816,
0.0144715690985322,
0.03132038190960884,
0.07875372469425201,
0.12151668220758438,
0.005506488494575024,
0.048917993903160095,
0.045300... |
meals\tor\tsnacks\tmust\n\tbe\tassessed\talong\twith\tthe\ttypes\tof\tmedications\tprescribed\tand\ttreatment\ngoals.\tOften\tthe\teating\tplan\tbegins\twith\tthree\tor\tfour\tcarbohydrate\tservings\tper\tmeal\tfor\tadult\nwomen\tand\tfour\tor\tfive\tfor\tadult\tmen\tand,\tif\tdesired,\tone\tor\ttwo\tfor\ta\tsnack.\tEa... | [
-0.013395367190241814,
0.017817022278904915,
0.06602268666028976,
-0.014194167219102383,
-0.09266886115074158,
0.0056032463908195496,
0.12085814028978348,
-0.06880274415016174,
-0.0014767077518627048,
0.027126511558890343,
0.07967277616262436,
-0.026092935353517532,
0.04531566798686981,
-0... |
hungry\tsimply\tprovides\tunnecessary\tcalories.\tAdding\tprotein\tto\ta\tsnack\tmay\tpromote\tmeal\tbalance\nand\toptimize\tdaily\tintake\tof\tmacronutrients;\n\thowever,\tresearch\tdoes\tnot\tsupport\tthe\tneed\tfor\tprotein\nfor\toptimal\tglucose\tcontrol\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\tResults\tof\tblood\tglucose\tmonitoring\t... | [
-0.01009125355631113,
-0.08864285051822662,
0.0386199913918972,
-0.02191866561770439,
-0.08776949346065521,
0.02720431610941887,
0.08908675611019135,
-0.007722936104983091,
-0.0018423700239509344,
0.03363598883152008,
0.1043490618467331,
-0.0451289601624012,
0.04261094704270363,
-0.0237310... |
).\tResults\tof\tblood\tglucose\tmonitoring\tbefore\tthe\tmeal\tand\t2\nhours\tafter\tthe\tmeal,\tplus\tfeedback\tfrom\tthe\tperson\twith\tdiabetes,\tare\tused\tto\tassess\tif\tthese\nrecommendations\tare\tfeasible\tand\trealistic\tand\tto\tdetermine\twhether\ttarget\tglucose\tgoals\tare\tbeing\nachieved.\nAnother\tstr... | [
0.03745780885219574,
-0.03738744929432869,
0.0804896131157875,
-0.026983436197042465,
-0.10631528496742249,
0.025674302130937576,
0.11780998855829239,
-0.028762441128492355,
0.022146619856357574,
0.07910885661840439,
0.06842397153377533,
-0.018224544823169708,
0.028431426733732224,
-0.0117... |
achieved.\nAnother\tstrategy\tfor\tmeal\tplanning\tis\n\tthe\tU.S.\tDepartment\tof\tAgriculture\t(USDA)\tMyPlate\tmethod,\nwhich\trecommends\tmaking\thalf\tyour\tplate\tnonstarchy\tvegetables,\tone\tquarter\tprotein,\tand\tone\nquarter\tcarbohydrates.\tMany\tpatients\tfind\tthis\tstyle\tof\teating\tmore\tflexible\tand\... | [
0.007388688623905182,
-0.004649324342608452,
0.029230205342173576,
-0.0570550374686718,
-0.13609836995601654,
0.012677204795181751,
0.08781398087739944,
-0.00040401433943770826,
0.010101714171469212,
0.04045441001653671,
0.06997375935316086,
-0.011824429966509342,
0.05185370147228241,
-0.0... |
For\tpeople\twho\trequire\tinsulin,\tthe\ttiming\tof\teating\tis\timportant,\tas\tinsulin\tmust\tbe\tsynchronized\nwith\tfood\tconsumption\t(see\t\nMedications\n\tearlier\tin\n\tthe\tchapter).\tIf\tthe\teating\tplan\tis\tdetermined\tfirst,\nan\tinsulin\tregimen\tcan\tbe\tselected\tthat\twill\tfit\twith\tit.\tThe\tbest\... | [
-0.009636146947741508,
-0.044017329812049866,
0.0621626116335392,
-0.05407693609595299,
-0.11888143420219421,
-0.0011382470838725567,
0.11022020131349564,
-0.007100123446434736,
-0.004506367724388838,
0.0783461332321167,
0.12682385742664337,
-0.023325450718402863,
0.04675666615366936,
0.01... |
promotes\thealthful\teating\tis\tto\tencourage\tindividuals\tto\teat\ta\tvariety\tof\tfoods\tfrom\tall\tthe\tfood\ngroups.\tThe\tDietary\tGuidelines\tfor\tAmericans,\twhich\tincludes\ta\tsuggested\tnumber\tof\tservings\tfrom\neach\tfood\tgroup,\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\tcompare\tthe\tindividual’s\n\teating\tplan\twith\tthe\t... | [
-0.022075427696108818,
-0.09954449534416199,
0.0003114726860076189,
-0.05017469823360443,
-0.06287600100040436,
0.03436838835477829,
0.05017100274562836,
-0.050464969128370285,
-0.020592374727129936,
0.045392956584692,
0.158523827791214,
-0.04472113773226738,
0.06555744260549545,
-0.004105... |
recommendations\tfor\tall\tAmericans\t(see\t\nChapter\t10\n).\nNutrition\teducation\tand\tcounseling\nImplementation\tof\tMNT\tbegins\twith\tthe\tRDN\tselecting\tfrom\ta\tvariety\tof\tinterventions\t(reduced\nenergy\tand\tfat\tintake,\tcarbohydrate\tcounting,\tsimplified\tmeal\tplans,\thealthy\tfood\tchoices, | [
0.0020016992930322886,
-0.04461819306015968,
0.049146316945552826,
0.04747729003429413,
-0.08517369627952576,
0.017978066578507423,
0.08589411526918411,
0.0025895931757986546,
-0.06484196335077286,
0.02224195934832096,
0.1289423257112503,
-0.04353834688663483,
-0.019134167581796646,
0.0126... |
individualized\tmeal\tplanning\tstrategies,\tinsulin-to-carbohydrate\tratios,\tphysical\tactivity,\n\tand\nbehavioral\tstrategies)\t(\nPastors\tand\tFranz,\t2012\n).\tAll\tof\tthe\tabove\tinterventions\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\nlead\tto\timproved\tmetabolic\toutcomes.\tFurthermore,\tnutrition\teducation\tand\tcounseling\... | [
0.027704689651727676,
-0.059959277510643005,
0.05570267140865326,
0.013530661351978779,
-0.09676627814769745,
0.010630679316818714,
0.10948163270950317,
-0.001871243235655129,
-0.011139866895973682,
0.07551589608192444,
0.08915738761425018,
-0.05085974931716919,
-0.004828413017094135,
0.02... |
sensitive\tto\tthe\tindividual\twith\tdiabetes,\tincluding\tpersonal\tneeds,\twillingness\tto\tchange,\tand\tability\nto\tmake\tchanges\t(\nFig.\t29.6\n).\tAssessing\tthe\tindividual’s\thealth\tliteracy\tand\tnumeracy\talso\tmay\tbe\nbeneficial.\tNo\tsingle\teating\tplan\tapproach\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tbe\tmore\teffec... | [
0.008412464521825314,
-0.03921426460146904,
0.09018804132938385,
-0.021832939237356186,
-0.10638661682605743,
-0.019094228744506836,
0.13809843361377716,
-0.015712745487689972,
-0.0014270658139139414,
0.02323189191520214,
0.09117570519447327,
-0.0649772360920906,
0.04237433522939682,
0.032... |
the\teating\tplan\tapproach\tselected\tshould\tallow\tindividuals\twith\tdiabetes\tto\tselect\tappropriate\tfoods\nfor\tmeals\tand\tsnacks. | [
-0.012567587196826935,
-0.03715435415506363,
0.011532805860042572,
-0.014488211832940578,
-0.022078977897763252,
0.015320299193263054,
0.12933380901813507,
0.029599811881780624,
-0.02055586874485016,
0.02159096859395504,
0.13413336873054504,
-0.031058961525559425,
-0.01042223908007145,
-0.... |
FIG.\t29.6\nA\twoman\twith\ttype\t1\tdiabetes\tmellitus\tis\tlearning\tabout\tcarbohydrate\tcounseling\tfrom\ther\tRDN\ncounselor.\nA\tpopular\tapproach\tto\tmeal\tplanning\tis\tcarbohydrate\tcounting.\tCarbohydrate-counting\teducational\ntools\tare\tbased\ton\tthe\tconcept\tthat\tthe\tcarbohydrate\tin\tfoods\tis\tthe\... | [
-0.00819803960621357,
-0.079087033867836,
0.05164491385221481,
-0.017889318987727165,
-0.08335816115140915,
0.02277366630733013,
0.09470372647047043,
-0.004343731794506311,
0.03170625865459442,
0.06715241074562073,
0.09683839976787567,
-0.06255341321229935,
0.05032625421881676,
-0.00683684... |
blood\tglucose\tlevels.\tOne\tcarbohydrate\tserving\tcontributes\t15\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates.\n\tBasic\ncarbohydrate\tcounting\temphasizes\tthe\tfollowing\ttopics:\tbasic\tfacts\tabout\tcarbohydrates,\tprimary\nfood\tsources\tof\tcarbohydrate,\taverage\tportion\tsizes\tand\tthe\timportance\tof\tconsistency\tand\taccurate | [
0.020817436277866364,
-0.09144866466522217,
0.011888996697962284,
-0.037341389805078506,
-0.08434320241212845,
-0.00481463922187686,
0.10831592977046967,
0.018193846568465233,
-0.0024798796512186527,
0.05327754095196724,
0.05975687876343727,
-0.07342799007892609,
0.02396596036851406,
-0.00... |
portions,\tamount\tof\tcarbohydrates\tthat\tshould\tbe\teaten,\tand\tlabel\treading.\tAdvanced\tcarbohydrate\ncounting\temphasizes\tthe\timportance\tof\trecord\tkeeping,\tcalculating\tinsulin-to-carbohydrate\tratios,\nand\n\tpattern\tmanagement.\nAn\timportant\tgoal\tof\tnutrition\tcounseling\tis\tto\tfacilitate\tchang... | [
0.04577718302607536,
-0.07312244921922684,
0.04930110275745392,
-0.015288962982594967,
-0.0995447039604187,
0.028874443843960762,
0.11598250269889832,
0.008542248047888279,
-0.012620793655514717,
0.030910536646842957,
0.08192204684019089,
-0.05877685546875,
0.026315046474337578,
-0.0087999... |
related\tbehaviors\tand\tthe\tadoption\tof\tnew\tones.\tThe\tcombined\tuse\tof\tbehavior\tchange\ttheories\tmay\npotentially\thave\ta\tgreater\timpact\tthan\tany\tindividual\ttheory\tor\ttechnique\tused\talone\t(\nFranz\tet\tal,\n2012\n).\tThe\tfollowing\tfive\t\nA\n’s\tcan\tguide\tthe\teducation/counseling\tsessions:\... | [
-0.04039469361305237,
-0.0014142455765977502,
0.02274170145392418,
-0.034227147698402405,
-0.08846008032560349,
0.047661952674388885,
0.03315141424536705,
-0.011036942712962627,
-0.005862375255674124,
0.00643651420250535,
0.10644015669822693,
-0.029253441840410233,
0.022804269567131996,
0.... |
ask;\tstep\t2:\tassess;\nstep\t3;\tadvise;\tstep\t4:\tagree;\tand\tstep\t5:\tarrange.\tThe\t“ask”\tstep\temphasizes\tthe\timportance\tof\nquestions\tas\tthe\tRDN\taims\tto\tdevelop\ta\trelationship\twith\tthe\tclient.\tMotivational\tinterviewing\ntechniques\tare\tused\tinitially\tand\tthroughout\tall\tof\tthe\tencounte... | [
-0.007801298052072525,
-0.009425323456525803,
0.08268507570028305,
-0.05791834369301796,
-0.08489251881837845,
-0.040032509714365005,
0.13125012814998627,
0.015727467834949493,
0.02603001706302166,
0.05638755485415459,
0.05840449780225754,
-0.052195072174072266,
0.04091832786798477,
0.0294... |
evaluated\tthe\tclient’s\treadiness\tto\tchange.\tDifferent\tintervention\tstrategies\tmay\tbe\tneeded\n\tfor\nindividuals\tat\tdifferent\tstages\tof\tthe\tchange\tprocess\t(see\t\nChapter\t13\n).\nNutrition\tmonitoring\tand\tevaluation\nFood\tintake,\tmedication,\tmetabolic\tcontrol\t(glycemia,\tlipids,\tand\tblood\tp... | [
0.017724672332406044,
-0.03698556125164032,
-0.00199504173360765,
0.01678023487329483,
-0.05687837675213814,
-0.014076136983931065,
0.07070714980363846,
0.07035557925701141,
0.00842974241822958,
0.005133041646331549,
0.07927028834819794,
-0.04224320501089096,
0.02508304826915264,
0.0042722... |
measurements,\tand\tphysical\tactivity\tshould\tbe\tmonitored\tand\tevaluated.\tMedical\tand\tclinical\noutcomes\tshould\tbe\tmonitored\tafter\tthe\tsecond\tor\tthird\tvisit\tto\tdetermine\twhether\tthe\tindividual\n\tis\nmaking\tprogress\ttoward\testablished\tgoals.\tIf\tno\tprogress\tis\tevident,\tthe\tindividual\tan... | [
0.03218134120106697,
-0.037529781460762024,
0.06976695358753204,
-0.012709565460681915,
-0.10680270195007324,
-0.052840717136859894,
0.08235065639019012,
0.01571219228208065,
-0.021978028118610382,
0.07937689870595932,
0.08043715357780457,
-0.07732747495174408,
0.030756356194615364,
0.0662... |
reassess\tand\tperhaps\trevise\tnutrition\tinterventions.\tBlood\tglucose\tmonitoring\tresults\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\ndetermine\twhether\tadjustments\tin\tfoods\tand\tmeals\twill\tbe\tsufficient\tto\tachieve\tblood\tglucose\tgoals\nor\tif\tmedication\tadditions\tor\tadjustments\thave\tto\tbe\tcombined\twith\tMNT.\tNutriti... | [
0.025125622749328613,
-0.019371850416064262,
0.07826267927885056,
-0.04606425017118454,
-0.08014249056577682,
-0.007697199005633593,
0.06725067645311356,
-0.01676901988685131,
-0.009187556803226471,
0.07758855819702148,
0.09318507462739944,
-0.013679577969014645,
0.028555043041706085,
0.01... |
coordinated\twith\tan\tinterdisciplinary\tteam.\nDocumentation\tin\tthe\tindividual’s\tmedical\trecord\tserves\tas\ta\tcommunication\ttool\tfor\tmembers\tof\nthe\thealth\tcare\tteam.\tThe\tmedical\trecord\talso\tserves\tas\ta\tlegal\tdocument\tof\twhat\twas\tdone\tand\tnot\ndone\tand\tsupports\treimbursement\tof\tnutri... | [
0.02818886935710907,
-0.051651857793331146,
0.008768494240939617,
-0.04399144649505615,
-0.09599875658750534,
0.014172706753015518,
0.07190468907356262,
-0.0151308448985219,
0.017878064885735512,
0.0519077330827713,
0.08726774156093597,
0.00978141836822033,
0.05657863989472389,
0.020477518... |
different\tformats\tavailable\tfor\tmedical\trecord\tdocumentation.\n\tThe\tappropriate\tformat\tdepends\ton\nwhere\tthe\tRDN\tpractices\tand\twhether\telectronic\thealth\trecords\tare\tused.\tRegardless\tof\tthe\tspecific\nformat,\tthe\tRDN\tcan\tdocument\tusing\tthe\tassessment,\tdiagnosis,\tinterventions,\tmonitorin... | [
0.02351323328912258,
-0.04649633541703224,
0.029398446902632713,
-0.06720642000436783,
-0.10978048294782639,
-0.02552301250398159,
0.06972299516201019,
0.037516333162784576,
0.015577063895761967,
0.04047441482543945,
0.09525201469659805,
-0.008022704161703587,
0.01707153208553791,
0.033887... |
evaluation\t(ADIME)\tcontent\t(\nBox\t29.4\n).\nBOX\t29.4\nNutrition\tCare\tDocumentation\nNutrition\tassessment\n•\t\nDate\tand\ttime\tof\tassessment\n•\t\nPertinent\tdata\tcollected\tand\n\tcomparisons\twith\tstandards\t(e.g.,\tfood\tand\tnutrition\thistory,\nbiochemical\tdata,\tanthropometric\tmeasurements,\tclient\... | [
0.03247630223631859,
0.03914380073547363,
0.010197654366493225,
0.018874172121286392,
-0.055176496505737305,
0.00866883248090744,
0.060208261013031006,
0.04961146041750908,
-0.019384577870368958,
0.04905660077929497,
0.06567958742380142,
-0.029407087713479996,
0.01714981347322464,
0.026540... |
supplement\tuse)\n•\t\nPatient’s\treadiness\tto\tlearn,\tfood\tand\tnutrition-related\tknowledge,\tand\tpotential\tfor\tchange\n•\t\nPhysical\tactivity\thistory\tand\tgoals | [
0.007062002085149288,
-0.04489694908261299,
0.010081861168146133,
0.041239261627197266,
-0.037055518478155136,
0.031120937317609787,
0.10970642417669296,
0.05002298206090927,
-0.02593284100294113,
-0.03228863701224327,
0.08038453757762909,
-0.002533327555283904,
-0.033047862350940704,
0.00... |
•\t\nReason\tfor\tdiscontinuation\tof\tnutrition\ttherapy,\tif\tappropriate\nNutrition\tdiagnoses\n•\t\nDate\n\tand\ttime\n•\t\nConcise\twritten\tstatement\tof\tnutrition\tdiagnosis\t(or\tnutrition\tdiagnoses)\twritten\tin\tthe\nproblem,\tetiology,\tsigns\tand\tsymptoms\t(PES)\tformat.\tIf\tthere\tis\tno\texisting\tor\... | [
0.009333017282187939,
-0.004563160706311464,
0.021980201825499535,
0.010849223472177982,
-0.06235845759510994,
0.0040809097699820995,
0.061840660870075226,
0.053072527050971985,
-0.0186074897646904,
0.0504697822034359,
0.1078193336725235,
0.023308753967285156,
0.058401282876729965,
0.03644... |
nutrition\tproblem\tthat\trequires\ta\tnutrition\tintervention,\tstate\t“no\tnutrition\tdiagnosis\tat\tthis\ntime”\nNutrition\tinterventions\n•\t\nDate\tand\ttime\n•\t\nSpecific\ttreatment\tgoals\tand\texpected\toutcomes\n•\t\nRecommended\n\tnutrition\tprescription\tand\tnutrition\tinterventions\t(individualized\tfor\t... | [
0.028589552268385887,
0.033842477947473526,
0.06781015545129776,
0.03529377281665802,
-0.06565642356872559,
0.07435484230518341,
0.10649071633815765,
0.0015398410614579916,
-0.06361041963100433,
0.027751673012971878,
0.10598310828208923,
-0.030987698584794998,
0.00272911274805665,
-0.02208... |
patient)\n•\t\nAny\tadjustments\tto\tplan\tand\tjustifications\n•\t\nPatient’s\treceptivity\tregarding\trecommendations\n•\t\nChanges\tin\tpatient’s\tlevel\tof\tunderstanding\tand\tfood-related\tbehaviors\n•\t\nReferrals\tmade\tand\tresources\tused\n•\t\nAny\tother\tinformation\trelevant\tto\tproviding\tcare\tand\tmoni... | [
-0.0017816787585616112,
-0.004296951461583376,
0.03705357387661934,
-0.020704615861177444,
-0.10565483570098877,
0.013560344465076923,
0.1031421422958374,
0.05091359093785286,
0.004309721291065216,
-0.01741461455821991,
0.08707328140735626,
0.023047786206007004,
0.009256158955395222,
0.028... |
•\t\nPlans\tfor\tfollow-up\n\tand\tfrequency\tof\tcare\nNutrition\tmonitoring\tand\tevaluation\n•\t\nDate\tand\ttime\n•\t\nSpecific\tnutrition\toutcomes\tindicators\tand\tresults\trelevant\tto\tthe\tnutrition\tdiagnosis\t(or\ndiagnoses)\tand\tintervention\tplans\tand\tgoals,\tcompared\twith\tprevious\tstatus\tor\trefer... | [
0.012468785047531128,
0.02272901125252247,
0.04728883132338524,
-0.009954412467777729,
-0.06859958171844482,
0.013514088466763496,
0.12080223113298416,
0.0006901543238200247,
-0.0166168212890625,
0.030214758589863777,
0.10361072421073914,
-0.01749785803258419,
0.05748506635427475,
0.021177... |
goals\n•\t\nProgress\ttoward\tnutrition\tintervention\tgoals\n•\t\nFactors\tfacilitating\tor\thindering\tprogress\n•\t\nOther\tpositive\tor\tnegative\toutcomes\n•\t\nFuture\tplans\tfor\tnutrition\tcare,\tmonitoring,\tand\tfollow-up\tor\tdischarge\nAdapted\tfrom\tWriting\tgroup\tof\tthe\tnutrition\tcare\tprocess/standar... | [
0.005060393363237381,
0.014447369612753391,
0.009975317865610123,
-0.045180778950452805,
-0.04264035448431969,
0.04176357015967369,
0.0725792646408081,
0.005366593133658171,
-0.02057499624788761,
0.0023989209439605474,
0.05803104490041733,
-0.00613778131082654,
0.04620226472616196,
0.04024... |
care\tprocess\tpart\tII:\tUsing\tthe\tinternational\tdietetics\tand\tnutrition\tterminology\tto\tdocument\tthe\tnutrition\ncare\tprocess,\t\nJ\tAm\tDiet\tAssoc\n\t108:1287,\t2008.\nFollow-up\tencounters\nSuccessful\tnutrition\ttherapy\tinvolves\n\ta\tprocess\tof\tassessment,\tproblem\tsolving,\tadjustment,\tand | [
-0.003282604506239295,
-0.03083166480064392,
0.02185211144387722,
-0.0426812581717968,
-0.10344284772872925,
-0.012972470372915268,
0.11017690598964691,
0.030205491930246353,
-0.013433362357318401,
0.00993422232568264,
0.09662283957004547,
-0.005535546224564314,
0.03151150047779083,
-0.016... |
a\tprocess\tof\tassessment,\tproblem\tsolving,\tadjustment,\tand\nreadjustment.\tFood\trecords\tcan\tbe\tcompared\twith\tthe\teating\tplan,\twhich\twill\thelp\tto\tdetermine\nwhether\tthe\tinitial\teating\tplan\tneeds\tchanging,\tand\tcan\tbe\tintegrated\twith\tthe\tblood\tglucose–\nmonitoring\trecords\tto\tdetermine\t... | [
0.015634898096323013,
-0.052953362464904785,
0.032033707946538925,
-0.043300215154886246,
-0.11597001552581787,
-0.011034439317882061,
0.10062099248170853,
0.03272145241498947,
0.01119401678442955,
0.08056514710187912,
0.12003711611032486,
-0.01455951388925314,
0.047546762973070145,
0.0311... |
Nutrition\tfollow-up\tvisits\tshould\tprovide\tencouragement\tand\tensure\n\trealistic\texpectations\tfor\tthe\nindividual\twith\tdiabetes.\tA\tchange\tin\teating\thabits\tis\tnot\teasy\tfor\tmost\tpeople,\tand\tthey\tbecome\ndiscouraged\twithout\tappropriate\trecognition\tof\ttheir\tefforts.\tIndividuals\tshould\tbe\t... | [
0.002346705412492156,
-0.046117015182971954,
0.06305041909217834,
0.002240482484921813,
-0.0737798660993576,
-0.00031903202761895955,
0.12247297167778015,
0.013771260157227516,
-0.07252159714698792,
0.01637101173400879,
0.09686319530010223,
-0.04958798363804817,
-0.010091029107570648,
-0.0... |
speak\tfreely\tabout\tproblems\tthey\tare\thaving\twith\ttheir\teating\tplan.\tFurthermore\tthere\tmay\tbe\tmajor\nlife\tchanges\tthat\trequire\tchanges\tin\tthe\teating\tplan.\tJob\tand\tschedule\tchanges,\n\ttravel,\tillness,\tand\nother\tfactors\tall\thave\tan\timpact\ton\tthe\tmeal\tplan.\nAcute\tcomplications | [
0.004999834578484297,
-0.022452546283602715,
0.09795111417770386,
-0.059145644307136536,
-0.11637812852859497,
0.039411548525094986,
0.10448754578828812,
-0.029794244095683098,
0.03316406533122063,
0.030003538355231285,
0.07814692705869675,
-0.0455029234290123,
0.014432216063141823,
0.0146... |
Acute\tcomplications\nHypoglycemia\tand\tDKA\tare\tthe\ttwo\tmost\tcommon\tacute\tcomplications\trelated\tto\tdiabetes.\nHypoglycemia\nA\tlow\tblood\tglucose,\tor\t\nhypoglycemia\t(or\tinsulin\treaction)\n,\tis\ta\tcommon\tside\teffect\tof\tinsulin\ntherapy,\talthough\tindividuals\ttaking\tinsulin\tsecretagogues\talso\... | [
0.018808238208293915,
-0.05917954444885254,
0.03195006027817726,
-0.0034111759159713984,
-0.08957420289516449,
0.023890221491456032,
0.08044178783893585,
0.05481730401515961,
-0.024917643517255783,
0.07925175130367279,
0.0847981721162796,
-0.026489103212952614,
0.011919887736439705,
0.0451... |
Autonomic\nsymptoms\n\tarise\n\tfrom\tthe\taction\tof\tthe\tautonomic\tnervous\tsystem\tand\tare\toften\tthe\tfirst\tsigns\tof\nmild\thypoglycemia.\tAdrenergic\tsymptoms\tinclude\tshakiness,\tsweating,\tpalpitations,\tanxiety,\tand\nhunger.\t\nNeuroglycopenic\tsymptoms\n,\trelated\tto\tan\tinsufficient\tsupply\tof\tglu... | [
0.05265378952026367,
-0.06737849861383438,
0.07035283744335175,
-0.012105305679142475,
-0.10105986148118973,
0.03276173025369644,
0.11874605715274811,
0.03444235399365425,
-0.011589345522224903,
0.06472513824701309,
0.07439100742340088,
-0.032981861382722855,
0.025833526626229286,
0.017812... |
,\trelated\tto\tan\tinsufficient\tsupply\tof\tglucose\tto\tthe\tbrain,\talso\ncan\toccur\tat\tsimilar\tglucose\tlevels\tas\tautonomic\tsymptoms\tbut\twith\tdifferent\tmanifestations.\tThe\nearliest\tsigns\tof\tneuroglycopenia\n\tinclude\ta\tslowing\tdown\tin\tperformance\tand\tdifficulty\tconcentrating | [
0.06227204576134682,
-0.08696336299180984,
0.03602432832121849,
-0.03779423236846924,
-0.09156551957130432,
-0.020379772409796715,
0.09565923362970352,
0.01467800047248602,
-0.004805878736078739,
0.060196470469236374,
0.10008712857961655,
-0.04045259952545166,
0.042009685188531876,
0.03352... |
include\ta\tslowing\tdown\tin\tperformance\tand\tdifficulty\tconcentrating\nand\treading.\tAs\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tdrop\tfurther,\tthe\tfollowing\tsymptoms\toccur:\tconfusion\tand\ndisorientation,\tslurred\tor\trambling\tspeech,\tirrational\tor\tunusual\tbehaviors,\textreme\tfatigue\tand | [
0.0245773084461689,
-0.04970854893326759,
0.07458534836769104,
-0.00781959481537342,
-0.07951122522354126,
0.00004170721513219178,
0.08303870260715485,
-0.03194011002779007,
-0.002210702747106552,
0.03129255026578903,
0.07979658246040344,
-0.04381093382835388,
0.0377507209777832,
0.0502215... |
lethargy,\tseizures,\tand\tunconsciousness.\tWhile\tsymptoms\tdiffer\tfrom\tperson\tto\tperson,\tthey\ttend\tto\nbe\tconsistent\tfrom\tepisode\tto\tepisode\n\tfor\tany\tone\tindividual.\tSeveral\tcommon\tcauses\tof\nhypoglycemia\tare\tlisted\tin\t\nBox\t29.5\n.\nBOX\t29.5 | [
0.013041200116276741,
-0.01436480600386858,
0.07034002244472504,
-0.018055344000458717,
-0.0547475665807724,
0.020332833752036095,
0.1544211506843567,
-0.01813841611146927,
-0.0497063472867012,
0.04054595157504082,
0.0822797641158104,
-0.08149144053459167,
0.028765683993697166,
0.004936157... |
Common\tCauses\tof\tHypoglycemia\nMedication\terrors\n•\t\nInadvertent\tor\tdeliberate\terrors\tin\tmedication\t(generally\tinsulin)\tdosages\n•\t\nExcessive\tinsulin\tor\toral\tsecretagogue\tdosages\n•\t\nReversal\tof\tmorning\tor\tevening\tinsulin\tdoses\n•\t\nImproper\ttiming\tof\tinsulin\tin\trelation\tto\tfood\tin... | [
0.008930436335504055,
-0.03919298201799393,
0.025143880397081375,
-0.009764651767909527,
-0.08198060095310211,
0.03770759329199791,
0.09728602319955826,
-0.005964171141386032,
0.0006842354778200388,
0.0626295879483223,
0.12648575007915497,
-0.002897082595154643,
0.0786954015493393,
0.04262... |
Nutrition\n\ttherapy\tor\texercise\n•\t\nOmitted\tor\tinadequate\tfood\tintake\n•\t\nTiming\terrors;\tdelayed\tmeals\tor\tsnacks\n•\t\nUnplanned\tor\tincreased\tphysical\tactivities\tor\texercise\n•\t\nProlonged\tduration\tor\tincreased\tintensity\tof\texercise\nAlcohol\tand\tdrugs\n•\t\nAlcohol\tintake\twithout\tfood\... | [
-0.030352560803294182,
-0.06328745186328888,
0.04622037336230278,
0.04783373326063156,
-0.11871849000453949,
0.014514852315187454,
0.0944199338555336,
-0.009949264116585255,
-0.06930352002382278,
0.024760263040661812,
0.10015581548213959,
-0.010641563683748245,
-0.0029347455129027367,
0.02... |
Alcohol\tand\tdrugs\n•\t\nAlcohol\tintake\twithout\tfood\n•\t\nImpaired\tmentation\tassociated\twith\talcohol,\tmarijuana,\tor\tother\tillicit\tdrugs\nAdapted\tfrom\tKaufman\tF:\t\nMedical\tmanagement\n\tof\ttype\t1\tdiabetes,\n\ted\t6,\tAlexandria,\tVA,\t2012,\tAmerican\nDiabetes\tAssociation.\nIn\tT1DM\tand\tT2DM\tit... | [
0.027824433520436287,
-0.06930858641862869,
0.0070426203310489655,
0.03774590790271759,
-0.06929927319288254,
0.0629940927028656,
0.1035986989736557,
0.03637373074889183,
-0.031267549842596054,
0.024105709046125412,
0.07315750420093536,
0.009370659478008747,
-0.0607893168926239,
0.02347627... |
steadily\tdecline\twith\tfrequent\tand\trepetitive\tepisodes.\tIt\tcan\tbecome\ta\tvicious\tcycle\tas\thypoglycemic\nepisodes\timpair\tdefenses\tagainst\ta\tsubsequent\thypoglycemic\tepisode\tand\tthus\tcan\tresult\tin\nrecurrent\thypoglycemia.\n\tHypoglycemia\tcauses\tincreased\tmorbidity\tin\tmost\tpeople\twith\tT1DM... | [
0.011537177488207817,
-0.02508535236120224,
0.06759870797395706,
-0.003870587330311537,
-0.06728962808847427,
-0.0038088171277195215,
0.09269247949123383,
0.022723665460944176,
0.0019473794382065535,
0.043920304626226425,
0.12445373088121414,
-0.017565680667757988,
0.04382003843784332,
-0.... |
many\twith\tlong-duration\tT2DM.\nIn\tgeneral,\ta\tblood\tglucose\tof\t70\tmg/dL\t(3.9\tmmol/L)\tor\tlower\tshould\tbe\ttreated\timmediately.\nTreatment\tof\thypoglycemia\trequires\tingestion\tof\tglucose\tor\tcarbohydrate-containing\tfood.\tAlthough\nany\tcarbohydrate\twill\traise\tglucose\tlevels,\tglucose\tis\tthe\t... | [
0.002673935377970338,
-0.07922155410051346,
0.034118182957172394,
-0.0011489707976579666,
-0.06732559949159622,
0.02716498076915741,
0.0749560073018074,
0.05672090873122215,
0.019880549982190132,
0.043009497225284576,
0.06838848441839218,
-0.019373847171664238,
0.02284899726510048,
-0.0010... |
carbohydrates\n\t(i.e.,\tliquid\tor\tsolid)\tused\tto\ttreat\tdoes\tnot\tmake\ta\tdifference.\tCommercially\tavailable\nglucose\ttablets\thave\tthe\tadvantage\tof\tbeing\tpremeasured\tto\thelp\tprevent\tovertreatment.\tIngestion\nof\t15\tto\t20\tg\tof\tglucose\tis\tan\teffective\tbut\ttemporary\ttreatment.\tNote\tthat\... | [
0.03159766271710396,
-0.06378103047609329,
0.03758880868554115,
0.03625918924808502,
-0.09710004925727844,
0.0317995660007,
0.09664913266897202,
-0.020039444789290428,
0.014453859999775887,
0.06527478247880936,
0.11454034596681595,
-0.04764155298471451,
0.023786606267094612,
0.009452283382... |
preferred\ttreatment,\tbut\tany\tform\tof\tcarb\tthat\tcontains\tglucose\twill\tincrease\tblood\tglucose\tlevels.\nInitial\tresponse\n\tto\ttreatment\tshould\tbe\tseen\tin\tabout\t10\tto\t20\tminutes;\thowever,\tblood\tglucose\nshould\tbe\tevaluated\tagain\tin\tabout\t60\tminutes\tas\tadditional\tcarbohydrate\tmay\tbe\... | [
0.005013179965317249,
-0.06803001463413239,
0.04779895022511482,
0.01012580655515194,
-0.10514453798532486,
0.046893708407878876,
0.08360201120376587,
0.08623820543289185,
-0.011331839486956596,
0.04775942862033844,
0.07733127474784851,
0.0299471877515316,
0.02134898118674755,
0.0528692603... |
Box\n29.6\n)\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nBOX\t29.6\nTreatment\tof\tHypoglycemia\n•\t\nImmediate\ttreatment\twith\tcarbohydrates\tis\tessential.\nIf\tthe\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\tfalls\tbelow\t70\tmg/dL\t(3.9\tmmol/L),\ttreat\twith\t15\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates,\nwhich\tis\n\tequivalent\tto:\n15\tg\tcarbohydrate\tfrom\tglucose\ttabl... | [
-0.044827088713645935,
-0.056390173733234406,
0.002411119407042861,
0.00915604643523693,
-0.08961097151041031,
0.011854474432766438,
0.06255051493644714,
0.07329146564006805,
0.0014140279963612556,
0.04915628582239151,
0.008542926982045174,
-0.03221913427114487,
0.0018725220579653978,
0.02... |
4-6\tounces\tof\tfruit\tjuice\tor\tregular\tsoft\tdrinks\n6\tounces\t(1/2\tcan)\tof\tregular\tsoda\tpop\t(not\tsugar-free)\n8\tounces\t(1\tcup)\tof\tsports\tdrink\t(not\tsugar-free)\n1\ttablespoon\tof\tsugar,\tsyrup\tor\thoney\n•\t\nRetest\tin\tapproximately\t10-15\tminutes.\tIf\tthe\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\tremains\t<7... | [
-0.07231232523918152,
-0.05709552392363548,
0.0012922105379402637,
-0.040811631828546524,
-0.14046619832515717,
-0.018907997757196426,
0.07310885936021805,
0.06411170959472656,
-0.01915586180984974,
0.004853182006627321,
0.06903264671564102,
-0.08093208819627762,
0.027650969102978706,
-0.0... |
mmol/L),\ttreat\twith\tan\tadditional\n\t15\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates.\n•\t\nRepeat\ttesting\tand\ttreatment\tuntil\tthe\tblood\tglucose\tlevel\treturns\tto\twithin\tnormal\trange.\n•\t\nIf\tit\tis\tmore\tthan\t1\thour\tto\tthe\tnext\tmeal,\ttest\tagain\t60\tminutes\tafter\ttreatment\tas\tadditional\ncarbohydrate\tmay\tbe\... | [
-0.015084058046340942,
-0.05237917602062225,
0.05107299983501434,
-0.001975658815354109,
-0.11418310552835464,
0.025051327422261238,
0.07469157874584198,
0.037639304995536804,
0.009857681579887867,
0.01886940188705921,
0.10817164182662964,
-0.013650784268975258,
0.02336852066218853,
0.0189... |
Adapted\tfrom\tKaufman\tF:\t\nMedical\tmanagement\tof\tType\t1\tdiabetes\n,\ted\t6,\tAlexandria,\tVA,\t2012,\tAmerican\nDiabetes\tAssociation.\nSeverely\tlow\tblood\n\tglucose\tcan\tcause\tloss\tof\tconsciousness\tor\tseizures.\tIf\tindividuals\tare\tunable\tto\nswallow,\tadministration\tof\tsubcutaneous\tor\tintramusc... | [
0.020302290096879005,
-0.07015352696180344,
0.03243739902973175,
0.011876481585204601,
-0.1167149618268013,
0.012358258478343487,
0.07726074755191803,
0.01814366690814495,
-0.08490889519453049,
0.03718315437436104,
0.08845146745443344,
-0.014226839877665043,
-0.014007559046149254,
0.027344... |
siblings,\tfriends,\tand\tspouses\tshould\tbe\ttaught\thow\tto\tmix,\tdraw\tup,\tand\tadminister\tglucagon\tso\tthat\nthey\tare\tproperly\tprepared\tfor\temergency\tsituations.\tKits\tthat\tinclude\ta\tsyringe\tprefilled\twith\ndiluting\tfluid\tare\tavailable.\n\tAfter\tthe\tinjection,\tturn\tthe\tpatient\ton\ttheir\ts... | [
-0.006896345876157284,
0.009958552196621895,
0.07639210671186447,
-0.031484249979257584,
-0.12379458546638489,
-0.002855698810890317,
0.06802918016910553,
-0.014813212677836418,
0.001467730151489377,
0.02250060625374317,
0.11807683110237122,
-0.038143523037433624,
0.048286136239767075,
0.0... |
case\tof\tvomiting.\tNausea\tand\tvomiting\tare\tcommon\tside\teffects\tof\tglucagon.\tThe\tpatient\tshould\tbe | [
0.015561067499220371,
-0.0043953643180429935,
0.024266865104436874,
-0.04230009764432907,
-0.0809137150645256,
0.03187360242009163,
0.09572667628526688,
0.04665185138583183,
0.00439781229943037,
-0.005299133248627186,
0.07405582815408707,
0.006014574784785509,
0.015452814288437366,
0.06697... |
given\tfood\tor\tbeverage\tcontaining\tcarbohydrate\tas\tsoon\tas\tthey\tregain\tconsciousness\tand\tcan\nswallow.\nSMBG\tis\tessential\tfor\tprevention\tand\ttreatment\tof\thypoglycemia.\tChanges\tin\tinsulin\tinjections,\neating,\texercise\tschedules,\n\tand\ttravel\troutines\twarrant\tincreased\tfrequency\tof\tmonit... | [
-0.025169307366013527,
-0.03423994034528732,
0.07937175035476685,
0.0069921743124723434,
-0.07583368569612503,
0.008549641817808151,
0.14403119683265686,
0.005514194723218679,
-0.07093271613121033,
0.026813767850399017,
0.08202642947435379,
-0.09110084176063538,
0.004261118825525045,
0.039... |
and\ttravel\troutines\twarrant\tincreased\tfrequency\tof\tmonitoring.\tSome\npatients\texperience\thypoglycemia\tunawareness,\twhich\tmeans\tthat\tthey\tdo\tnot\texperience\tthe\tusual\nsymptoms\tof\thypoglycemia.\tPatients\tmust\tbe\treminded\tof\tthe\tneed\tto\ttreat\thypoglycemia,\teven\tin\nthe\tabsence\tof\tsympto... | [
0.015364333987236023,
-0.016660945490002632,
0.05229974165558815,
0.005757280625402927,
-0.051747702062129974,
0.020712653174996376,
0.08536084741353989,
0.022761862725019455,
-0.06800759583711624,
0.03418637812137604,
0.08603997528553009,
-0.02633059211075306,
0.05925746262073517,
0.00258... |
hypoglycemia,\twarrants\treevaluation\tof\tthe\ttreatment\tregimen.\n\tA\tCGM\tmay\tbe\ta\tuseful\ttool\tin\tthose\nwith\thypoglycemia\tunawareness\tand/or\tfrequent\thypoglycemic\tepisodes\t(\nADA,\t2018\n).\nHyperglycemia\tand\tdiabetic\tketoacidosis\nHyperglycemia\tcan\tlead\tto\tDKA,\ta\tlife-threatening\tbut\treve... | [
-0.0052778348326683044,
0.01352624036371708,
0.021752743050456047,
0.011071525514125824,
-0.05112004652619362,
0.0230739563703537,
0.08186843246221542,
0.05709313601255417,
-0.02280334383249283,
0.045357596129179,
0.0717240422964096,
-0.030658597126603127,
0.03401397168636322,
-0.001122245... |
the\tbody\tproduces\thigh\tlevels\tof\tblood\tacids\tcalled\tketones.\tDKA\tis\talways\tthe\tresult\tof\tinadequate\ninsulin\tfor\tglucose\tuse.\tAs\ta\tresult,\n\tthe\tbody\tdepends\ton\tfat\tfor\tenergy,\tand\tketones\tare\tformed.\nAcidosis\tresults\tfrom\tincreased\tproduction\tand\tdecreased\tuse\tof\tacetoacetic\... | [
-0.0009506525238975883,
-0.052116114646196365,
0.05583919212222099,
-0.037024300545454025,
-0.09558363258838654,
0.007701790425926447,
0.08622674643993378,
0.01241219975054264,
-0.03248658403754234,
0.05285777896642685,
0.08733382076025009,
-0.03202373906970024,
0.042325459420681,
-0.00625... |
hydroxybutyric\tacid\tfrom\tfatty\tacids.\tKetones\tspill\tinto\tthe\turine;\thence\tthe\treliance\ton\turine\ttesting\nfor\tketones.\nDKA\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tan\televated\tserum\tglucose\tlevel\t(greater\tthan\t250\tmg/dL\t[13.88\tmmol/L]),\nan\televated\tserum\tketone\tlevel,\n\ta\tpH\tless\tthan\t7.3,\tand\ta\ts... | [
-0.03591722622513771,
-0.009496721439063549,
0.067787304520607,
-0.05365810543298721,
-0.12951399385929108,
-0.018218690529465675,
0.04882720857858658,
0.030250944197177887,
-0.003999931737780571,
-0.0072900233790278435,
0.11088400334119797,
-0.08232742547988892,
0.06417666375637054,
0.015... |
mEq/L\t(18\tmmol/L)\t(\nWesterberg,\t2013\n).\tSymptoms\tinclude\tpolyuria,\tpolydipsia,\thyperventilation,\ndehydration,\tthe\tfruity\todor\tof\tketones,\tand\tfatigue.\tSMBG,\ttesting\tfor\tketones,\tand\tmedical\nintervention\tcan\thelp\tprevent\tDKA.\tIf\tleft\tuntreated,\tDKA\tcan\tlead\tto\tcoma\tand\tdeath.\tTre... | [
-0.011382472701370716,
-0.020852822810411453,
0.039481762796640396,
-0.030158374458551407,
-0.07036613672971725,
0.012461326085031033,
0.06882008165121078,
0.06935998052358627,
0.021539300680160522,
0.044431645423173904,
0.09760372340679169,
-0.026204077526926994,
0.02869107387959957,
0.03... |
includes\tsupplemental\tinsulin,\tfluid\tand\telectrolyte\n\treplacement,\tand\tmedical\tmonitoring.\tAcute\nillnesses\tsuch\tas\tflu,\tcolds,\tvomiting,\tand\tdiarrhea,\tif\tnot\tmanaged\tappropriately,\tcan\tlead\tto\tthe\ndevelopment\tof\tDKA.\tPatients\tneed\tto\tknow\tthe\tsteps\tto\ttake\tduring\tacute\tillness\t... | [
0.02074543759226799,
0.017858825623989105,
0.059354279190301895,
-0.037795908749103546,
-0.056973833590745926,
0.025080600753426552,
0.08442763984203339,
0.05124490708112717,
-0.027289006859064102,
0.02115131914615631,
0.11402278393507004,
-0.0005905978032387793,
0.03654677793383598,
0.028... |
(\nBox\t29.7\n).\tDuring\tacute\tillness,\toral\tingestion\tof\tabout\t150\tto\t200\tg\tof\tcarbohydrates\tper\tday\t(45\tto\n50\tg\tevery\t3\tto\t4\thr)\tshould\tbe\tsufficient,\talong\twith\n\tmedication\tadjustments,\tto\tkeep\tglucose\tin\tthe\ngoal\trange\tand\tto\tprevent\tstarvation\tketosis.\nBOX\t29.7\nSick-Da... | [
-0.02569289319217205,
0.004744770471006632,
0.06207401305437088,
-0.04688692092895508,
-0.08951424807310104,
0.010512479580938816,
0.10170377790927887,
-0.021642357110977173,
-0.047111909836530685,
0.03677259013056755,
0.08530689775943756,
-0.034244321286678314,
0.022625502198934555,
-0.01... |
BOX\t29.7\nSick-Day\tGuidelines\tfor\tPersons\tWith\tDiabetes\n1.\t\nDuring\tacute\tillnesses,\tusual\tdoses\tof\tinsulin\tand\tother\tglucose-lowering\tmedications\tare\nrequired.\tThe\tneed\tfor\tinsulin\tcontinues,\tor\tmay\teven\tincrease,\tduring\tperiods\tof\tillness.\nFever,\tdehydration,\tinfection,\tor\tthe\ts... | [
-0.00611158600077033,
-0.006024572532624006,
0.04976271465420723,
-0.01136694848537445,
-0.06096634641289711,
0.01430171076208353,
0.07936730980873108,
-0.02572077512741089,
-0.0037077211309224367,
0.05633655562996864,
0.08331623673439026,
0.013249976560473442,
0.0465557724237442,
0.013836... |
can\ttrigger\tthe\trelease\tof\ncounterregulatory\tor\t“stress”\thormones,\tcausing\tblood\tglucose\tlevels\tto\tbecome\televated.\n2.\t\nBlood\tglucose\tlevels\tand\turine\tor\tblood\ttesting\tfor\tketones\tshould\tbe\tmonitored\tat\tleast\nfour\ttimes\tdaily\t(before\teach\tmeal\tand\tat\tbedtime).\tBlood\tglucose\tr... | [
0.00039442634442821145,
-0.055530399084091187,
0.06145108491182327,
-0.034495096653699875,
-0.0866888165473938,
-0.00878428015857935,
0.0786273255944252,
-0.014772138558328152,
0.007811806630343199,
0.028652656823396683,
0.093351811170578,
-0.016187148168683052,
0.045938558876514435,
0.022... |
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