0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
|---|---|
Better\tabsorbed\nFewer\tside\teffects\nLeast\tconstipating\nMore\texpensive\nHealth\tprofessionals\tusually\tprescribe\toral\tiron\tthree\ttimes\tdaily\tfor\t3-6\tmonths\tto\ttreat\tiron\ndeficiency.\tDepending\ton\tthe\tseverity\tof\tthe\tanemia\tand\tthe\tpatient’s\ttolerance,\tthe\tdaily\tdose\tof | [
0.006898295134305954,
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0.02749015763401985,
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0.020656108856201172,
0.087134949862957,
0.06533508002758026,
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0.003328225575387478,
0.06288345158100128,
0.046202193945646286,
0.03580259159207344,
0.03577027... |
elemental\tiron\trecommended\tis\t50\tto\t100\tmg\tthree\ttimes\tdaily\tfor\tadults\tand\t2-6\tmg/kg\tof\tbody\nweight\tdivided\tinto\tthree\tdoses\tper\tday\tfor\tchildren\t(\nShort\tand\tDomagalski,\t2013\n;\t\nWang,\t2016\n).\nVitamin\tC\tgiven\twith\tthe\tiron\tgreatly\tincreases\tiron\tabsorption,\tbut\tat\thigher... | [
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0.10884378850460052,
0.048432715237140656,
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0.014418563805520535,
0.0539034903049469,
-0.03933797776699066,
0.013877020217478275,
0.0067... |
increase\tgastric\tirritation\tby\tintensifying\toxidative\tstress\tin\tthe\tgastrointestinal\ttract.\tTaking\tit\twith\na\thigh\tvitamin\tC\tfood\tsuch\tas\torange\tjuice\tmay\tbe\tbetter\ttolerated.\nAbsorption\tof\t10\tto\t20\tmg\tof\tiron\tper\tday\tpermits\tRBC\tproduction\tto\tincrease\tto\tapproximately\nthree\t... | [
0.035723332315683365,
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0.03276628255844116,
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0.09446846693754196,
0.0586966872215271,
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0.03962748870253563,
0.09854243695735931,
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0.052578143775463104,
0.043014138... |
three\ttimes\tthe\tnormal\trate\n\tand,\tin\tthe\tabsence\tof\tblood\tloss,\themoglobin\tconcentration\tto\trise\tat\ta\nrate\tof\t0.2\tg/dL\tdaily.\tIncreased\t\nreticulocytosis\n\t(an\tincrease\tin\tthe\tnumber\tof\tyoung\tRBCs)\tis\tseen\nwithin\t2\tto\t3\tdays\tafter\tiron\tadministration,\tbut\taffected\tpersons\t... | [
0.01909058727324009,
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0.023155877366662025,
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0.016169682145118713,
0.09351502358913422,
0.020538106560707092,
0.017474032938480377,
0.12429101020097733,
0.1114138513803482,
-0.04305536672472954,
0.01249158475548029,
0.041814748... |
improvements\tin\tmood\tand\tappetite\tsooner.\tThe\themoglobin\tlevel\twill\tbegin\tto\tincrease\tby\tday\t4.\nIron\ttherapy\tshould\tbe\tcontinued\tfor\t4-6\n\tmonths,\teven\tafter\trestoration\tof\tnormal\themoglobin\tlevels,\nto\tallow\tfor\trepletion\tof\tbody\tiron\treserves.\tCoordination\tof\tcare\twith\ta\tphy... | [
0.015472916886210442,
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0.04858528822660446,
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0.10584000498056412,
0.07989025115966797,
0.017993830144405365,
0.02931857295334339,
0.0490485... |
therapeutic\tiron\tsupplementation.\nParenteral\tiron\tadministration.\nIf\tiron\tsupplementation\tfails\tto\tcorrect\tthe\tanemia,\t(1)\tthe\tpatient\tmay\tnot\tbe\ttaking\tthe\nsupplemental\tiron\tas\tprescribed\tdue\tto\tgastric\tdistress,\t(2)\tbleeding\tmay\n\tbe\tcontinuing\tat\ta\trate | [
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0.09504497051239014,
0.04901522770524025,
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0.02982664294540882,
0.04670772701501846,
0.006299030501395464,
0.004425691906362772,
0.0584... |
be\tcontinuing\tat\ta\trate\nfaster\tthan\tthe\terythroid\tmarrow\tcan\treplace\tblood\tcells,\tor\t(3)\tthe\tsupplemental\tiron\tis\tnot\tbeing\nabsorbed,\tpossibly\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tmalabsorption\tsecondary\tto\tsteatorrhea,\tceliac\tdisease,\tor\nhemodialysis.\tParenteral\tadminstration\tis\talso\tused\tfor\tpatie... | [
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0.048280052840709686,
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0.03824625909328461,
0.02179858461022377,
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0.053375523537397385,
0.08085842430591583,
0.009381473064422607,
0.015767652541399002,
0.022... |
hormone\tthat\tstimulates\tblood\tcell\tproduction.\tIt\tis\tmost\toften\tgiven\tas\tiron\tdextran\n\tbut\tcan\talso\tbe\ngiven\tas\tiron\tsucrose\tor\tferric\tgluconate.\tAlthough\treplenishment\tof\tiron\tstores\tby\tthis\troute\tis\nfaster,\tit\tis\tmore\texpensive\tand\tintravenous\ttherapy\tcarries\tadditional\tri... | [
0.006214098539203405,
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0.038528211414813995,
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0.03554392606019974,
0.04408927634358406,
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0.10379470884799957,
0.1146196722984314,
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0.011073307134211063,
0.025908... |
Medical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nNutrition\tassessments\tand\tinterventions\tshould\tconsider\tthe\tamount\tof\tabsorbable\tdietary\tiron\nconsumed.\tA\tgood\tsource\tof\tiron\tcontains\ta\tsubstantial\tamount\tof\tiron\tin\trelation\n\tto\tits\tcalorie\ncontent\tand\tcontributes\tat\tleast\t10%\tof\tthe\trecommended\tdiet... | [
0.018323959782719612,
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0.04322420433163643,
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0.12481463700532913,
0.007334038149565458,
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0.04888579994440079,
0.08109302073717117,
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0.0441497266292572,
0.050... |
kidney;\tbeef;\tdried\tfruits;\tdried\tpeas\tand\tbeans;\tnuts;\tdark\tgreen\tleafy\tvegetables;\tand\tfortified\nwhole-grain\tbreads,\tmuffins,\tcereals,\tand\tnutrition\tbars\tare\tamong\tthe\tfoods\tthat\trank\thighest\tin\niron\tcontent\t(see\t\nAppendix\t42\n).\tIt\tis\testimated\tthat\t1.8\tmg\tof\tiron\tmust\tbe... | [
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0.07782959938049316,
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0.04401693493127823,
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to\tmeet\nthe\tneeds\tof\t80%\tto\t90%\tof\tadult\twomen\tand\tadolescent\tboys\tand\tgirls.\nForm\tof\tiron.\nHeme\tiron\n\t(approximately\t15%\tof\twhich\tis\tabsorbable)\tis\tthe\torganic\tform\tin\tmeat,\tfish,\tand\npoultry,\tand\tis\tknown\tas\tthe\t\nmeat-fish-poultry\t(MFP)\tfactor\n.\tIt\tis\tmuch\tbetter\tabs... | [
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0.032... |
.\tIt\tis\tmuch\tbetter\tabsorbed\tthan\nnonheme\tiron.\t\nNonheme\tiron\n\tcan\talso\tbe\tfound\tin\tMFP,\tas\twell\tas\tin\tlegumes,\tgrains,\tvegetables,\nherbs\tand\tfruits,\tbut\n\tit\tis\tnot\tpart\tof\tthe\theme\tmolecule.\tThe\tabsorption\trate\tof\tnonheme\tiron\tvaries\nbetween\t3%\tand\t8%\tdepending\ton\tth... | [
0.013017231598496437,
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0.0002929378824774176,
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0.08161404728889465,
0.013932766392827034,
0.012678456492722034,
0.08898497372865677,
0.06420861929655075,
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0.09814983606338501,
0.00... |
and\tmeat,\tfish,\tand\tpoultry.\tVitamin\tC\tnot\tonly\tis\ta\tpowerful\treducing\tagent,\tbut\talso\tbinds\tiron\tto | [
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0.025788920000195503,
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0.0965762585401535,
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0.04881332069635391,
0.08086472749710083,
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0.031219523400068283,
0.0327... |
form\ta\treadily\tabsorbed\tcomplex.\tThe\tmechanism\tby\twhich\tthe\tMFP\tfactor\tpotentiates\tthe\nabsorption\tof\tnonheme\tiron\tin\tother\n\tfoodstuffs\tis\tunknown.\nInhibitors.\nIron\tabsorption\tcan\tbe\tinhibited\tto\tvarying\tdegrees\tby\tfactors\tin\tfoods\tthat\tbind\tiron,\tincluding\ncarbonates,\toxalates,... | [
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0.08683213591575623,
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0.07957415282726288,
0.... |
[beans]).\tFactors\tin\tvegetable\tfiber\tmay\tinhibit\tnonheme\tiron\tabsorption.\tIf\ttaken\twith\tmeals,\ttea\nand\tcoffee\tcan\treduce\tiron\tabsorption\tby\t50%\tthrough\tthe\tformation\tof\n\tinsoluble\tiron\tcompounds\nwith\ttannin.\tIron\tin\tegg\tyolk\tis\tpoorly\tabsorbed\tbecause\tof\tthe\tpresence\tof\tphos... | [
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0.10002811998128891,
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0.08185341954231262,
0.... |
Bioavailability\tof\tdietary\tiron.\nBecause\ttypical\tWestern\tdiets\tgenerally\tcontain\t6\tmg/1000\tkcal\tof\tiron,\tthe\tbioavailability\tof\tiron\tin\nthe\tdiet\tis\tmore\timportant\tin\tcorrecting\tor\tpreventing\tiron\tdeficiency\tthan\tthe\ttotal\tamount\tof\ndietary\tiron\tconsumed.\tThe\trate\tof\tabsorption\... | [
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0.06489787250757217,
0.01344099547713995,
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0.0700533539056778,
0.11390417814254761,
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0.0779288187623024,
0.05023... |
on\tthe\tiron\tstatus\tof\tthe\tindividual,\tas\nreflected\tin\tthe\tlevel\tof\tiron\tstores.\tThe\tlower\tthe\tiron\tstores,\tthe\tgreater\tthe\trate\tof\tiron\tabsorption.\nIndividuals\twith\tiron\tdeficiency\tanemia\tabsorb\tapproximately\t20%\tto\t30%\tof\tdietary\tiron\tcompared\nwith\tthe\t5%\tto\t10%\tabsorbed\t... | [
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0.09212035685777664,
0.02095496468245983,
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0.05715519189834595,
0.09091836214065552,
0.0391957052052021,
0.08048290014266968,
0.02656477... |
Iron\toverload\nExcess\tiron\tis\tstored\tas\tferritin\tand\themosiderin\tin\tthe\tmacrophages\n\tof\tthe\tliver,\tspleen,\tand\tbone\nmarrow.\tThe\tbody\thas\ta\tlimited\tcapacity\tto\texcrete\tiron\tand\tis\tefficient\tat\trecycling\tit.\tApproximately\n1\tmg\tof\tiron\tis\texcreted\tdaily\tthrough\tthe\tgastrointest... | [
0.02278558537364006,
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0.0580730065703392,
0.030866222456097603,
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0.12940703332424164,
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0.049352582544088364,
0.05813288688659668,
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0.052388522773981094,
0.024627... |
blood\tcells\tare\tno\tlonger\tfunctional\t(after\tabout\t120\tdays),\tthey\tare\tre-absorbed\tby\tthe\tspleen.\tIron\nfrom\tthese\tcells\tcan\tbe\trecycled\tby\tthe\tbody.\tTo\tmaintain\ta\tnormal\n\tiron\tbalance,\tthe\tdaily\tobligatory\nloss\tmust\tbe\treplaced\tby\tthe\tabsorption\tof\theme\tand\tnonheme\tfood\tir... | [
-0.023119525983929634,
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0.0440477654337883,
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0.10894539952278137,
0.026670074090361595,
0.006931452080607414,
0.03656468912959099,
0.06778787821531296,
0.011513585224747658,
0.03358924016356468,
-0.0074... |
excrete\tincreased\tamounts\tof\tiron,\tespecially\tin\tthe\tfeces,\tto\tcompensate\tpartially\tfor\tthe\tincreased\nabsorption\tand\thigher\tstores.\nExcessive\tiron\tintake\tusually\tstems\tfrom\taccidental\tincorporation\tof\tiron\tinto\tthe\tdiet\tfrom\nenvironmental\tsources.\tIn\tthe\tUnited\n\tStates\tiron-conta... | [
0.009741580113768578,
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0.06325548887252808,
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0.13185930252075195,
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0.07987342029809952,
0.08760961145162582,
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0.0587720088660717,
0.04810... |
States\tiron-containing\tsupplements\tremain\ta\tcommon\tsource\nof\texcessive\tiron\tingestion,\tespecially\tamong\tchildren\t(\nChang\tand\tRangan,\t2011\n).\tIn\tother\tparts\tof\nthe\tworld,\texcessive\tiron\tintake\tmay\tresult\tfrom\tconsumption\tof\tbeverages\tor\tfoods\tprepared\tin\tiron-\ncontaining\tcooking\... | [
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0.03993494436144829,
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0.058815598487854004,
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0.03448949381709099,
0.06378433108329773,
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0.07223165035247803,
0.01... |
containing\tcooking\tvessels\t(\nNational\tLibrary\tof\tMedicine,\t2019\n).\nUncommon\tdisorders\tassociated\twith\tiron\toverload\tinclude\themochromatosis,\n\tthalassemias,\nsideroblastic\tanemia,\tchronic\themolytic\tanemia,\tineffective\terythropoiesis,\ttransfusional\tiron\noverload\t(secondary\tto\tmultiple\tbloo... | [
-0.012199895456433296,
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0.013437634333968163,
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0.008819976821541786,
0.04285918176174164,
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0.05146842822432518,
0.05942253768444061,
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0.028786946088075638,
0.032... |
alcoholic\tcirrhosis.\t\nAplastic\tanemia\n\tis\ta\tnormochromic-normocytic\tanemia\taccompanied\tby\ta\ndeficiency\tof\tall\tthe\tformed\telements\tin\tthe\tblood;\tit\tcan\tbe\tcaused\tby\texposure\tto\ttoxic\tchemicals,\nionizing\tradiation,\tand\tmedications,\talthough\tthe\tcause\tis\toften\tunknown. | [
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0.014394663274288177,
0.03395669534802437,
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0.01268934365361929,
0.09240246564149857,
0.03653007000684738,
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0.05117667838931084,
0.07189714163541794,
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-0.03562743961811066,
0.030392... |
Brain\tiron\tincreases\twith\tage\tand\tis\tabnormally\televated\tin\tneurodegenerative\tdiseases,\tincluding\nAlzheimer’s\tdisease\tand\tParkinson’s\tdisease\t(\nWard\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tSeveral\tgene\tvariants\taffect\tiron\nmetabolism\tand\tmay\tcontribute\tto\tearly\tonset\tof\tthese\tconditions.\nHemochromatosis\n... | [
-0.019190287217497826,
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0.053452808409929276,
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-0.11351814866065979,
0.027731992304325104,
0.060461610555648804,
0.06569625437259674,
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0.09953310340642929,
0.0725640282034874,
0.002778522204607725,
-0.023721737787127495,
0.04... |
Hemochromatosis\nHereditary\themochromatosis\n\tis\ta\tgeneral\n\tterm\tfor\ta\tgroup\tof\trare\tgenetic\tdisorders\tthat\tare\ncharacterized\tby\tthe\taccumulation\tof\tiron\tin\tbody\torgans,\ttypically\tthe\tliver,\tpancreas,\tand\theart.\nOver\ttime\tthis\taccumulation\tis\tassociated\twith\torgan\tdamage,\torgan\t... | [
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0.016997236758470535,
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0.038483887910842896,
0.039943765848875046,
0.07712260633707047,
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0.060838714241981506,
0.09951617568731308,
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0... |
premature\tdeath.\tThe\tmost\tcommon\tform\tof\themochromatosis\tgoes\tby\tseveral\tnames\tincluding\nhereditary\tiron\toverload\t(HFE-related)\themochromatosis,\ttype\tI\tor\tclassic\n\themochromatosis,\tor\nhereditary\themochromatosis.\tThe\tdisease\tgenerally\tdoes\tnot\tbecome\tapparent\tuntil\t20\tto\t40\tyears\to... | [
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0.0001861736091086641,
0.005946948658674955,
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-0.09770302474498749,
0.02938678488135338,
0.015457282774150372,
0.12245926260948181,
-0.049192383885383606,
0.05073230713605881,
0.08536786586046219,
-0.010867335833609104,
-0.012501341290771961,
0.0... |
age.\tMen\tare\tusually\tdiagnosed\tearlier\tthan\twomen\tbecause\tthey\thave\tno\tphysiologic\tmechanisms\nfor\tlosing\tiron\tsuch\tas\tmenstruation,\tpregnancy,\tor\tlactation.\tSymptoms\tinclude\tfatigue,\tjoint\tpain,\nand\tenlarged\tliver\tand\tspleen.\tThe\texact\tprevalence\tof\tthis\tdisorder\tis\tunknown,\n\tb... | [
0.04385514557361603,
0.00944169145077467,
0.08349283784627914,
0.005734858103096485,
-0.1107671782374382,
0.04248853027820587,
0.027530862018465996,
-0.00029271061066538095,
-0.03420718386769295,
0.08726821839809418,
0.07528231292963028,
-0.04525716230273247,
-0.015352957881987095,
-0.0022... |
but\tit\tis\tthought\tto\nbe\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tautosomal\trecessive\tdisorder\tin\tCaucasian\tpopulations.\tIn\tindividuals\tof\nNorthern\tEuropean\tdescent,\tit\tis\testimated\tto\thave\tan\tincidence\tof\t1\tin\t227\tpeople.\tPeople\twith\tthis\ncondition\tabsorb\tthree\ttimes\tmore\tiron\tfrom\ttheir\tfood\tthan\t... | [
0.006033193785697222,
-0.04990868270397186,
0.03866760805249214,
-0.07082284986972809,
-0.11601303517818451,
-0.03380740061402321,
0.07263800501823425,
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0.1110963448882103,
0.13143180310726166,
-0.05589040368795395,
0.029802531003952026,
0.01203... |
who\thave\ttwo\taffected\tgenes\t(homozygous)\twill\tlikely\tdie\tof\tiron\toverload\tunless\tthey\tdonate\n\tblood\nfrequently.\tOtherwise,\tthe\texcessive\tiron\tabsorption\tcontinues\tunabated.\nThe\tHemochromatosis\tand\tIron\tOverload\tScreening\tStudy\t(HEIRS)\tnotes\tthat\tnon-Hispanic\twhites | [
-0.025280656293034554,
-0.06399586796760559,
0.040182262659072876,
-0.023689113557338715,
-0.11446394771337509,
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0.06800621747970581,
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0.08180791884660721,
0.12192711979150772,
-0.07247269153594971,
-0.020673854276537895,
-0... |
have\tthe\thighest\tprevalence\tof\tthe\tC282Y\tmutation\tof\tthe\thereditary\tiron\t(HFE)\tgene\tand\tthus\nhemochromatosis,\tfollowed\tby\tNative\tAmericans,\tHispanics,\tAfrican\tAmericans,\tPacific\tIslanders,\nand\tAsians\t(\nAdams,\t2015\n).\tAsians\tand\n\tPacific\tIslanders\thave\tthe\thighest\tlevels\tof\tiron... | [
0.024265004321932793,
-0.01884043775498867,
0.04594169184565544,
-0.02864636667072773,
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0.015529578551650047,
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0.10272721946239471,
0.13399359583854675,
-0.06811806559562683,
-0.020502587780356407,
0.016... |
Pacific\tIslanders\thave\tthe\thighest\tlevels\tof\tiron\tin\ttheir\tblood\nof\tall\tracial\tand\tethnic\tgroups,\tbut\tthey\thave\tthe\tlowest\tprevalence\tof\tthe\tgene\tmutation\tfound\twith\nthe\ttypical\tform\tof\themochromatosis.\tResults\tfrom\tthe\tHEIRS\tstudy\tsuggest\tthat\tincreased\tiron\nvalues\tin\tnon-C... | [
0.03377530723810196,
0.013838323764503002,
0.027859866619110107,
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0.02506357803940773,
0.0192661564797163,
0.002155299298465252,
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0.0818692147731781,
0.11898783594369888,
-0.038337383419275284,
-0.008052175864577293,
0.013506689... |
secondary\tiron\toverload.\nPathophysiology\nHepcidin\n\tis\ta\tpeptide\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tthat\tfunctions\tas\tthe\tprincipal\tregulator\tof\tsystemic\niron\thomeostasis.\tIt\tregulates\tiron\ttransport\tfrom\tiron-exporting\ttissues\tinto\tplasma.\tHepcidin\ndeficiency\tunderlies\tmost\tknown\tforms\tof\th... | [
-0.018416106700897217,
-0.07890353351831436,
0.006116896402090788,
-0.03594151884317398,
-0.13343779742717743,
0.012569046579301357,
0.01819859817624092,
0.10894174873828888,
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0.074543297290802,
0.07482817023992538,
-0.027615420520305634,
-0.008740822784602642,
0.0733... |
efflux\tof\tiron\tby\tbinding\tto\tand\tinducing\tthe\tdegradation\tof\t\nferroprotein\n,\tthe\tsole\tiron\texporter\tin\niron-transporting\n\tcells.\tHepcidin\tcontrols\tplasma\tiron\tconcentration\tand\ttissue\tdistribution\tof\tiron\tby\ninhibiting\tintestinal\tiron\tabsorption,\tiron\trecycling\tby\tmacrophages,\ta... | [
-0.02881709858775139,
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0.0836833193898201,
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0.029429752379655838,
0.11419720202684402,
0.003649494843557477,
0.06919936090707779,
0.06... |
hepatic\tstores\t(\nGanz,\t2011\n).\nHepcidin\tsynthesis\tis\tincreased\tby\tiron\tloading\tand\tdecreased\tby\tanemia\tand\thypoxia.\tIts\nsynthesis\tis\talso\tgreatly\tincreased\tduring\tinflammation,\ttrapping\tiron\tin\tmacrophages,\tdecreasing\nplasma\tiron\tconcentrations,\tand\tcausing\tiron-restricted\terythrop... | [
-0.023044994100928307,
-0.059996332973241806,
0.02853792905807495,
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0.004399539902806282,
0.02562655881047249,
0.039245229214429855,
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0.08970314264297485,
0.07196783274412155,
-0.024861758574843407,
-0.03184846043586731,
0.04... |
anemia\tof\tchronic\tdisease.\tThere\tis\tevidence\tthat\tthe\tmutation\tof\tthe\tHFE\tgene\tleading\tto\nhemochromatosis\tis\talso\tassociated\twith\tincreased\tlevels\tof\tgastrin\tin\tthe\tstomach,\tleading\tto\nincreased\tlevels\tof\tgastric\tacid\tand\tthus\tincreased\tabsorption\tof\tiron\t(\nGanz,\t2011\n).\tIn\... | [
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0.0022996237967163324,
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0.02392188273370266,
0.07258538156747818,
0.06479409337043762,
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0.093561552464962,
0.0742093026638031,
-0.017051829025149345,
0.004542629700154066,
0.058087... |
Ganz,\t2011\n).\tIn\nhemochromatosis\tiron\tabsorption\n\tis\tenhanced,\tresulting\tin\ta\tgradual,\tprogressive\taccumulation\tof\niron.\tMost\taffected\tpersons\tdo\tnot\tknow\tthey\thave\tit.\nA\tprogressive,\tpositive\tiron\tbalance\tmay\tresult\tin\ta\tvariety\tof\tserious\tproblems,\tincluding | [
-0.06154827028512955,
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0.03037351369857788,
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0.009392304345965385,
0.06539520621299744,
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0.05315117910504341,
0.07279200106859207,
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-0.015322939492762089,
0.... |
hepatomegaly,\tskin\tpigmentation,\tarthritis,\theart\tdisease,\thypogonadism,\tdiabetes\tmellitus,\tand\ncancer.\tIndividuals\twith\tabnormally\thigh\tiron\tlevels\tare\tmore\tlikely\tto\tdevelop\tcancer\tof\n\tthe\tcolon.\nIron\tis\ta\tprooxidant\tthat\tcan\tbe\tused\tfor\ttumor\tcell\tgrowth\tand\tproliferation.\tTh... | [
-0.0013370270607993007,
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0.064116470515728,
-0.02568723075091839,
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0.01386948861181736,
0.09230276197195053,
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0.0814957246184349,
0.09865816682577133,
-0.022075101733207703,
0.007707352750003338,
-0.0059... |
increased\trisk\tfor\tage-related\tmacular\tdegeneration,\tAlzheimer’s\tdisease,\tand\tParkinson’s\tdisease\nbecause\tof\tthe\toxidative\tdamage\tassociated\twith\tiron\toverload\t(\nBelaidi\tand\tBush,\t2016\n;\t\nFleming\tand\nPonka,\t2012\n).\nAssessment\nIf\tan\tiron\toverload\tis\tsuspected,\tserum\tferritin\tleve... | [
-0.005590504035353661,
-0.021989189088344574,
0.009259706363081932,
-0.01913158781826496,
-0.055733948945999146,
-0.02756625786423683,
0.07201077044010162,
0.06168149411678314,
0.024836748838424683,
0.04532572999596596,
0.08812735229730606,
-0.00435122475028038,
0.01269163005053997,
0.0375... |
iron)\tand\tpercent\tof\ttransferrin\nsaturation\t([serum\tiron/TIBC]\t×\t100)\tshould\tbe\tperformed\t(\nBacon\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tIron\toverload\tmay\tbe\npresent\tif\tthe\ttransferrin\tsaturation\tis\tgreater\tthan\tor\tequal\tto\t45%\tand\tif\tthe\tserum\tferritin\tlevel\tis\nelevated.\tIf\ttransferrin\tsaturation\... | [
-0.012864574790000916,
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0.012955053709447384,
0.01535825990140438,
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0.09626241773366928,
0.02410210855305195,
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-0.004966432228684425,
0.06949666142463684,
-0.02111080288887024,
0.028538111597299576,
0.0... |
recommended.\nMedical\tmanagement\nThe\tpatient\twith\tiron\toverload\n\tmay\tsimultaneously\tbe\tanemic\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tdamage\tto\tthe\tbone\nmarrow,\tan\tinflammatory\tdisorder,\tcancer,\tinternal\tbleeding,\tor\tchronic\tinfection.\tIron\tsupplements\nshould\tnot\tbe\ttaken\tuntil\tthe\tcause\tis\tknown. | [
-0.0070324125699698925,
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0.056637611240148544,
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0.006245316006243229,
0.12963475286960602,
0.054372578859329224,
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0.0022435258142650127,
0.07665649801492691,
-0.02591952309012413,
0.021929100155830383,
0.... |
should\tnot\tbe\ttaken\tuntil\tthe\tcause\tis\tknown.\nFor\tpatients\twith\tsignificant\tiron\toverload,\tweekly\tphlebotomy\tfor\t2\tto\t3\tyears\tmay\tbe\trequired\tto\neliminate\tall\texcess\tiron\t(\nBacon\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tTreatment\tfor\tnoninherited\tforms\tof\tsecondary\n\tiron\noverload\talso\tmay\tinvolve\t... | [
-0.03473946079611778,
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0.03014206700026989,
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0.01609399914741516,
0.053451307117938995,
0.06292905658483505,
0.007413602899760008,
0.023565182462334633,
0.06721635907888412,
0.0552753210067749,
0.06295328587293625,
0.08224644... |
chelating\tagents\tthat\tare\texcreted\tby\tthe\tkidneys,\tor\twith\tcalcium\tdisodium\nethylenediaminetetraacetic\tacid\t(EDTA).\tMorbidity\tand\tmortality\tare\treduced\tif\texcess\tbody\tiron\tis\nremoved\tby\tphlebotomy\ttherapy\tbefore\thepatic\tcirrhosis\tor\tdiabetes\tdevelops.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nIndi... | [
-0.014140574261546135,
-0.015051196329295635,
0.04915231838822365,
-0.00852928590029478,
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0.06370235234498978,
0.061866644769907,
0.0014163185842335224,
0.06999435275793076,
0.09680769592523575,
-0.01356509793549776,
0.0040177046321332455,
0.0313... |
Medical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nIndividuals\twith\n\tiron\toverload\tshould\treduce\tmeat,\tfish\tand\tpoultry\tand\tconsume\tmore\tof\ta\tplant\nbased\tor\tvegetarian\tdiet.\tReduced\tvitamin\tC\tis\trecommended\tas\twell\tas\tavoidance\tof\tvitamin\tC\nsupplements,\tas\tthis\tcan\tincrease\tabsorption\tof\tiron. | [
-0.012179658748209476,
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0.027579717338085175,
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0.12688004970550537,
0.033961281180381775,
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0.06471572071313858,
0.07922552525997162,
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0.06402035802602768,
0.0... |
supplements,\tas\tthis\tcan\tincrease\tabsorption\tof\tiron.\nAffected\tpersons\tshould\tavoid\tfoods\tthat\tare\tfortified\twith\tiron\t(i.e.,\tbreakfast\tcereals,\tenergy\tor\nsports\tbars,\tand\tmeal-replacement\tdrinks\tor\tshakes).\tThey\tshould\talso\n\tavoid\tiron\tsupplements\tor\nmultiple\tvitamin\tand\tminera... | [
-0.03345367684960365,
-0.052344150841236115,
0.042372025549411774,
-0.04058453440666199,
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0.11452681571245193,
0.023213796317577362,
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0.017102619633078575,
0.09999090433120728,
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0.08362893015146255,
0.0... |
exceeded,\tand\tfor\tsome,\tlower\tintakes\tare\trecommended\t(see\tRDA\ttables\tat\tthe\tbeginning\tof\tthe\nbook).\nMegaloblastic\tanemias\nMegaloblastic\tanemia\n\treflects\ta\tdisturbed\tsynthesis\tof\tDNA,\twhich\tresults\tin\tmorphologic\tand\nfunctional\tchanges\tin\terythrocytes,\tleukocytes,\tand\tplatelets\n\... | [
0.015239066444337368,
-0.07253816723823547,
0.04940992221236229,
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-0.10172010213136673,
-0.014683949761092663,
0.1132049635052681,
0.08130799233913422,
-0.03482355922460556,
0.061402447521686554,
0.07201581448316574,
-0.011702917516231537,
0.0002008593874052167,
0.049... |
and\ttheir\tprecursors\tin\tthe\tblood\tand\nbone\tmarrow.\tThis\tanemia\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tthe\tpresence\tof\tlarge,\timmature,\tabnormal,\tRBC\nprogenitors\tin\tthe\tbone\tmarrow;\t95%\tof\tcases\tare\tattributable\tto\tfolate\tor\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency.\nTwo\tdisorders\tof\tcobalamin\tmetabolism\tarise\t... | [
-0.0049654641188681126,
-0.06776665896177292,
0.03039073944091797,
-0.047171417623758316,
-0.11195473372936249,
0.006689155474305153,
0.06579185277223587,
0.01733950525522232,
-0.009637474082410336,
0.061841294169425964,
0.10057823359966278,
0.0013781370362266898,
0.026057802140712738,
0.0... |
methionine\tsynthase\treductase\tgenes;\tthese\tdisorders\tfeature\tmegaloblastic\tanemia\n\tand\tneurologic\nmanifestations\t(see\t\nChapter\t6\n).\nBoth\tvitamins\tare\tessential\tto\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\tnucleoproteins.\tHematologic\tchanges\tare\tthe\tsame\nfor\tboth;\thowever,\tthe\tfolic\tacid\tdeficiency\tis\tthe... | [
-0.03805813565850258,
-0.07965873926877975,
0.0378120057284832,
-0.03178500011563301,
-0.09059940278530121,
0.010385783389210701,
0.03718053922057152,
0.06402751803398132,
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0.07036864757537842,
0.10718917846679688,
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-0.00170165637973696,
0.008239... |
depleted\twithin\t2\tto\t4\tmonths\tin\tindividuals\tconsuming\tfolate-deficient\tdiets.\tBy\tcontrast,\tvitamin\nB\n12\n\tstores\tare\tdepleted\tonly\tafter\tseveral\tyears\tof\n\ta\tvitamin\tB\n12\n–deficient\tdiet.\tIn\tpersons\twith\nvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency,\tfolic\tacid\tsupplementation\tcan\tmask\tB\n12\n\td... | [
-0.04510357975959778,
-0.04177732765674591,
0.03239868953824043,
-0.06318098306655884,
-0.03494946286082268,
-0.013140547089278698,
0.04550933092832565,
0.10467342287302017,
-0.043386805802583694,
0.030293144285678864,
0.0698070153594017,
-0.05395966023206711,
0.03688979893922806,
0.030370... |
FIG.\t31.3\nSequential\tstages\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tstatus.\n\tSource:\t(From\tHerbert\tV:\tStaging\tvitamin\tB\n12\n.\tIn\tZiegler\tEE,\tFiler\tLJ,\neditors:\t\nPresent\tknowledge\tin\tnutrition,\n\ted\t7,\tWashington,\tDC,\t1996,\tInternational\tLife\tSciences\tInstitute\tPress.)\nIn\tcorrecting\tthe\tanemia,\tthe\... | [
-0.017918508499860764,
-0.04673865810036659,
0.01839965395629406,
-0.0425235815346241,
-0.07255476713180542,
0.05113690719008446,
0.08141306042671204,
0.03961692750453949,
-0.05146240442991257,
0.08946550637483597,
0.09397566318511963,
-0.060699038207530975,
0.010533427819609642,
0.0244538... |
12\n\tdeficiency\tmay\tremain\tundetected,\tleading\tto\tthe\nirreversible\tneuropsychiatric\tdamage\tthat\tis\tcorrected\tonly\twith\n\tB\n12\n\tsupplementation\t(see\t\nChapter\n41\n).\nFolate-deficiency\tanemia\nEtiology\nFolate\tis\ta\tnaturally\toccurring\tB\tvitamin\tfound\tin\tfoods\tin\tthe\ttetrahydrofolate\t(... | [
0.015415538102388382,
-0.05792732164263725,
0.009430832229554653,
-0.004594713915139437,
-0.06223193183541298,
0.0297077726572752,
0.0497821569442749,
0.0541251115500927,
-0.07324464619159698,
0.05562557652592659,
0.10063698142766953,
-0.017155420035123825,
-0.0012702401727437973,
-0.00605... |
is\tthe\tsynthetic\tversion\tof\tthe\tvitamin\tfound\tin\tthe\tfully\toxidized\tmonoglutamate\tform,\twhich\tmay\tbe\nfound\tin\tfortified\tfoods\tand\tsupplements.\tFolate-deficiency\tanemia\tis\tassociated\twith\tprolonged\ninadequate\tdiets,\n\tinadequate\tabsorption,\tinadequate\tuse\tof\tfolic\tacid\tcaused\tby\tg... | [
0.039151206612586975,
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0.039006251841783524,
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0.03838546946644783,
0.06398206949234009,
0.05362077057361603,
-0.03965812176465988,
0.06711281836032867,
0.10702808946371078,
-0.03910890966653824,
0.05510048195719719,
0.0187039... |
and\tincreased\trequirements\tresulting\tfrom\tpregnancy\tor\tgrowth.\tFolate-deficiency\tanemia\tcan\taffect\npregnant\twomen\tand\toccurs\tin\tinfants\tborn\tto\tmothers\twith\tfolate\tdeficiency.\tFolate\tdeficiency\tin\nearly\tpregnancy\tcan\tresult\tin\tan\tinfant\tborn\twith\ta\tneural\ttube\tdefect\t(see\t\nChap... | [
-0.00022582101519219577,
-0.025062231346964836,
0.05118908733129501,
0.01687094010412693,
-0.06808392703533173,
0.017534613609313965,
0.10729234665632248,
0.027247300371527672,
-0.036264851689338684,
0.060089267790317535,
0.1215454563498497,
-0.06720536202192307,
-0.02090844325721264,
0.01... |
Chapter\t14\n).\tOther\ncauses\tare\tintestinal\n\tdisorders\tresulting\tin\tmalabsorption\t(celiac\tdisease,\ttropical\tsprue,\tand\ninflammatory\tbowel\tdisease),\tuse\tof\tcertain\tdrugs\t(anticonvulsants,\tbarbiturates,\tcycloserine,\nsulfasalazine,\tcholestyramine,\tand\tmetformin),\tamino\tacid\texcess\t(glycine\... | [
-0.007354441564530134,
-0.07000622898340225,
0.007871496491134167,
-0.017376182600855827,
-0.08300108462572098,
0.051252856850624084,
0.05625666677951813,
0.1037692204117775,
0.013783815316855907,
0.03226940706372261,
0.09598886966705322,
0.020993823185563087,
0.008130297064781189,
0.02104... |
alcohol.\nBecause\talcohol\tinterferes\twith\tthe\tfolate\tenterohepatic\tcycle,\tmost\tpeople\twith\talcoholism\thave\ta\nnegative\tfolate\tbalance\n\tor\ta\tfolate\tdeficiency.\tAlcoholics\tconstitute\tthe\tonly\tgroup\tthat\tgenerally\thas\nall\tsix\tcauses\tof\tfolate\tdeficiency\tsimultaneously:\tinadequate\tinges... | [
0.055306751281023026,
-0.09063075482845306,
0.03625575453042984,
-0.010469695553183556,
-0.06679906696081161,
0.022328263148665428,
0.11912114918231964,
0.01825059950351715,
-0.033595118671655655,
0.0376569926738739,
0.11697201430797577,
-0.03472889959812164,
-0.022760141640901566,
0.05844... |
increased\texcretion,\trequirement,\tand\tdestruction\tof\tfolate\t(see\t\nChapter\t28\n).\t\nBox\t31.2\n\tdescribes\tthe\ncauses\tof\tfolate\tdeficiency.\nBOX\t31.2\nCauses\tof\tFolate\tDeficiency | [
0.0235760435461998,
-0.0680675357580185,
-0.033467359840869904,
-0.0336257740855217,
-0.04847298935055733,
-0.006211182568222284,
0.06262125074863434,
0.04072563350200653,
0.003911218140274286,
0.04890073835849762,
0.06824235618114471,
-0.01085441093891859,
0.012988545000553131,
0.03078962... |
Inadequate\nIngestion\nPoor\tdiet\t(lack\tof\n\tor\tovercooked\tfruits\tand\tvegetables),\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tor\tvitamin\tC\ndeficiency,\tchronic\talcoholism\nInadequate\nAbsorption\nCeliac\tdisease,\ttropical\tsprue,\tdrug\tinteractions,\tcongenital\tdefects\nInadequate\nUtilization\nAntagonists,\tanticonvulsants,\ten... | [
0.06259705126285553,
-0.12973102927207947,
0.044506777077913284,
0.04719104990363121,
-0.08926805853843689,
0.004998414311558008,
0.08245019614696503,
0.08262866735458374,
-0.06385108083486557,
0.02325103059411049,
0.08375585079193115,
-0.036750733852386475,
0.018091432750225067,
0.0364454... |
12\n\tand\tvitamin\tC\tdeficiency,\nchronic\talcoholism,\texcess\tglycine\tand\tmethionine\nIncreased\nRequireme\nnt\nExtra\ttissue\tdemand,\tinfancy,\n\tincreased\thematopoiesis,\tincreased\tmetabolic\tactivity,\nLesch-Nyhan\tsyndrome,\tdrugs\nIncreased\nExcretion\nVitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency,\tliver\tdisease,\tkidne... | [
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-0.10709666460752487,
0.062110912054777145,
0.008210214786231518,
-0.10106877982616425,
-0.007337852381169796,
0.08344192057847977,
0.07074837386608124,
-0.08847061544656754,
0.033483829349279404,
0.053753286600112915,
0.012485748156905174,
0.01103183627128601,
0.047... |
Increased\nDestruction\nDietary\toxidants\nModified\tfrom\tHerbert\tV,\tDas\tKC:\tFolic\tacid\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n.\tIn\tShils\tME\tet\tal,\teditors:\t\nModern\tnutrition\nin\thealth\tand\tdisease\n,\ted\t8,\tvol\t1,\tPhiladelphia,\n\t1994,\tLea\t&\tFebiger.\nBOX\t31.3\nCauses\tof\tVitamin\tB\n12\n\t\nDeficiency\nInad... | [
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-0.07749155908823013,
0.03211575001478195,
-0.042879197746515274,
-0.04741886258125305,
0.019298430532217026,
0.029027828946709633,
0.0970001369714737,
-0.011607197113335133,
0.07969389110803604,
0.07417348027229309,
0.002907591639086604,
0.007783043663948774,
0.0350... |
BOX\t31.3\nCauses\tof\tVitamin\tB\n12\n\t\nDeficiency\nInadequate\ningestion\nPoor\tdiet\tresulting\tfrom\ta\tvegan\tdiet\tand\tlack\tof\tsupplementation,\tchronic\talcoholism,\npoverty\nInadequate\nabsorption\nGastric\tdisorders,\tsmall\tintestinal\tdisorders,\tcompetition\tfor\tabsorption\tsites,\tpancreatic\ndisease,... | [
0.011224426329135895,
-0.13677673041820526,
0.032482050359249115,
0.004540266003459692,
-0.07800667732954025,
-0.0017399514326825738,
0.07875818014144897,
0.03247087821364403,
-0.040707193315029144,
0.05345694348216057,
0.07274751365184784,
0.020483585074543953,
0.03308533877134323,
0.0496... |
Inadequate\nuse\nVitamin\tB\n12\n\tantagonists,\n\tcongenital\tor\tacquired\tenzyme\tdeficiency,\tabnormal\tbinding\nproteins\nIncreased\nrequiremen\nt\nHyperthyroidism,\tincreased\thematopoiesis\nIncreased\nexcretion\nInadequate\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tbinding\tprotein,\tliver\tdisease,\trenal\tdisease\nIncreased\ndestruct... | [
0.03617841377854347,
-0.09513293951749802,
0.05387106165289879,
0.023573003709316254,
-0.06253593415021896,
-0.011283577419817448,
0.09397757798433304,
0.08246459066867828,
-0.05735098943114281,
0.02809373289346695,
0.06704772263765335,
-0.011943812482059002,
0.01786927692592144,
0.0037484... |
binding\tprotein,\tliver\tdisease,\trenal\tdisease\nIncreased\ndestruction\nPharmacologic\tdoses\tof\tascorbic\tacid\twhen\tit\tfunctions\tas\ta\tprooxidant\nMedication\ninduced\nDrugs\tthat\tsuppress\tgastric\tacid\tand\tmetformin\thave\tbeen\n\tassociated\twith\tB\n12\ndeficiency\nAIDS,\n\tAcquired\timmune\tdeficienc... | [
0.0005778888007625937,
-0.0668509304523468,
-0.013610292226076126,
-0.0489446297287941,
-0.08423611521720886,
0.0013008725363761187,
0.05419054254889488,
0.10762819647789001,
-0.032437171787023544,
0.08725658804178238,
0.07799370586872101,
0.025739379227161407,
0.06845197081565857,
0.09398... |
HIV,\n\thuman\timmunodeficiency\tvirus.\nFolate\tabsorption\ttakes\tplace\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine.\tEnzyme\tconjugases\t(e.g.,\tpteroylpolyglutamate\nhydrolase,\tthe\tfolate\tconjugase),\tfound\tin\tthe\tbrush\tborder\tof\tthe\tsmall\tintestine,\thydrolyze\tthe\npolyglutamates\tto\tmonoglutamates\tand\treduce\tthem\... | [
-0.04508250579237938,
-0.031677693128585815,
-0.039911285042762756,
-0.0517205186188221,
-0.05117902159690857,
0.012202835641801357,
0.06866344809532166,
0.06419326364994049,
-0.0028111659921705723,
0.10073500871658325,
0.09964951127767563,
-0.01284392736852169,
0.05330574885010719,
0.0395... |
acid\n(THFA)\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestinal\tepithelial\tcells\t(enterocytes).\tFrom\tthe\tenterocytes\tthese\tforms\tare\ntransported\tto\tthe\tcirculation,\twhere\tthey\tare\tbound\tto\tprotein\tand\ttransported\tas\tmethyl\tTHFA\tinto\nthe\tcells\tof\tthe\tbody.\nIn\tthe\tabsence\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\t5-methyl\tTHFA,... | [
0.023788955062627792,
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-0.07530805468559265,
-0.06570329517126083,
0.0692892000079155,
0.03267084062099457,
0.07762046158313751,
-0.036590900272130966,
0.0509071983397007,
0.08878427743911743,
-0.04088134318590164,
0.021965311840176582,
0.0309479... |
is\tmetabolically\tinactive.\tTo\tbe\tactivated\tthe\t5-methyl\tgroup\tis\tremoved,\n\tand\tTHFA\tis\tcycled\tback\ninto\tthe\tfolate\tpool,\twhere\tit\tfunctions\tas\tthe\tmain\t1-carbon-unit\tacceptor\tin\tmammalian\tbiochemical\nreactions.\tTHFA\tmay\tthen\tbe\tconverted\tto\tthe\tcoenzyme\tform\tof\tfolate\trequire... | [
-0.01652534306049347,
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0.08774466067552567,
0.028696134686470032,
-0.008029541932046413,
0.052830033004283905,
0.08533325046300888,
-0.0698530450463295,
0.029254935681819916,
0.04... |
deoxyuridylate\tto\tthymidylate,\twhich\tis\tnecessary\tfor\tDNA\tsynthesis.\nMTHFR\tallele.\nA\tgenetic\tdefect\tfound\tin\t25%\tof\tHispanics,\t10%\tof\tCaucasians\tand\tAsians,\tand\t1%\tof\tAfrican\nAmericans\n\tis\tthe\tmethylenetetrahydrofolate\treductase\t(MTHFR)\tdeficiency\t(National\tInstitutes\tof\nHealth,\t... | [
-0.025168277323246002,
-0.04776950553059578,
0.035006824880838394,
-0.011716392822563648,
-0.046253371983766556,
-0.034291740506887436,
0.02888677269220352,
-0.011372806504368782,
-0.01127544604241848,
0.07039467245340347,
0.1522175520658493,
-0.08776462823152542,
-0.030965164303779602,
0.... |
Health,\tOffice\tof\tDietary\tSupplements,\t2018)\t(see\t\nChapter\t6\n).\tThe\tallele\tis\tproblematic\tin\tpregnancy\nand\tmay\tcontribute\tto\tmiscarriages,\tanencephaly,\tor\tneural\tdefects\t(see\t\nChapter\t14\n).\tBecause\nMTHFR\tirreversibly\treduces\t5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate\tto\t5-methyltetrahydrofolate... | [
-0.02661842852830887,
-0.04369435831904411,
-0.0048812925815582275,
0.015879344195127487,
-0.05074097961187363,
0.02648002840578556,
0.061818141490221024,
0.0904024988412857,
-0.03370484709739685,
0.04966453090310097,
0.09704328328371048,
0.011053730733692646,
-0.0003174108569510281,
-0.01... |
deficiency\tmay\tresult\tin\n\tdevelopmental\tdelay,\tmotor\tand\tgait\tdysfunction,\tseizures,\tneurologic\nimpairment,\textremely\thigh\tlevels\tof\thomocysteine,\tclotting\tdisorders,\tand\tother\tconditions.\nMethylfolate\ttrap.\nVitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\tcan\tresult\tin\ta\tfolate\tdeficiency\tby\tcausing\tfol... | [
-0.004798300098627806,
-0.07118254154920578,
0.03954438120126724,
-0.002374746138229966,
-0.06195787340402603,
-0.001753482734784484,
0.017356926575303078,
0.11017917096614838,
-0.08701501041650772,
0.02045326866209507,
0.10261649638414383,
-0.011015249416232109,
0.01899801567196846,
0.039... |
metabolically\tuseless\tform\tof\t5-methyl\tTHFA\t(\nFig.\t31.4\n).\tThe\tlack\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tto\tremove\tthe\t5-\nmethyl\tunit\tmeans\tthat\n\tmetabolically\tinactive\tmethyl\tTHFA\tis\ttrapped.\tIt\tcannot\trelease\tits\t1-carbon | [
-0.01796664297580719,
-0.05064082890748978,
-0.03378002718091011,
0.0017561436397954822,
-0.014850753359496593,
0.024537228047847748,
0.030505236238241196,
0.01317640207707882,
-0.023261964321136475,
0.07649430632591248,
0.09951768815517426,
-0.11825035512447357,
-0.04193126782774925,
-0.0... |
methyl\tgroup\tto\tbecome\tTHFA,\tthe\tbasic\t1-carbon\tcarrier\tthat\tpicks\tup\t1-carbon\tunits\tfrom\tone\nmolecule\tand\tdelivers\tthem\tto\tanother.\tHence\ta\tfunctional\tfolate\tdeficiency\tresults.\nFIG.\t31.4\nMethylfolate\ttrap.\tA\tdeficiency\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tcan\tresult\tin\ta\tdeficiency\tof\tfolic\t... | [
0.016809413209557533,
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0.019599564373493195,
0.04434415325522423,
0.041949376463890076,
-0.04542282596230507,
0.051661860197782516,
0.09335467219352722,
-0.0749516561627388,
0.008727998472750187,
0.00989... |
12\n\tcan\tresult\tin\ta\tdeficiency\tof\tfolic\tacid\tbecause\tfolate\tis\ntrapped\tin\tthe\tform\tof\t5-methyltetrahydrofolate\t(5-methyl\tTHFA),\twhich\tcannot\tbe\tconverted\tto\tTHFA\tand\nmethyl\tgroups\tdonated\tby\tthe\tvitamin\tB\n12\n–dependent\tpathway.\t\nDNA,\n\tDeoxyribonucleic\tacid;\t\nTHFA\n,\ntetrahyd... | [
-0.03427213057875633,
-0.0736234188079834,
0.006954757962375879,
-0.05789225921034813,
-0.06879810243844986,
0.020433668047189713,
0.006422759965062141,
0.02405855432152748,
-0.05254539102315903,
0.07455243915319443,
0.15144185721874237,
-0.04394145682454109,
0.013724378310143948,
0.027488... |
Pathophysiology\nFolate\tdeficiency\tdevelops\tin\tfour\tstages:\n\ttwo\tthat\tinvolve\tdepletion,\tfollowed\tby\ttwo\tmarked\tby\ndeficiency\t(\nFig.\t31.5\n):\nStage\t1:\tCharacterized\tby\tearly\tnegative\tfolate\tbalance\t(serum\tdepletion\tto\tless\tthan\t3\tng/mL)\nStage\t2:\tCharacterized\tby\tnegative\tfolate\t... | [
-0.016057929024100304,
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0.027424493804574013,
-0.04497334733605385,
-0.05819867178797722,
-0.006492591928690672,
0.05438118427991867,
0.09782037138938904,
-0.042123664170503616,
0.03938375040888786,
0.10252910107374191,
-0.03542942926287651,
0.0281551294028759,
0.07429... |
erythrocyte\tfolate\tlevels\tto\tless\tthan\t160\tng/mL\nStage\t3:\tCharacterized\tby\tdamaged\tfolate\tmetabolism,\twith\tfolate-deficient\terythropoiesis.\nThis\tstage\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tslowed\tDNA\tsynthesis,\tmanifested\tby\tan\tabnormal\tdiagnostic\ndeoxyuridine\t(dU)\tsuppression\ttest\tcorrectable\tin\tvit... | [
-0.02492399513721466,
-0.07746617496013641,
-0.01993684656918049,
-0.039369188249111176,
-0.05121602118015289,
-0.0385880321264267,
0.059753693640232086,
0.09492797404527664,
-0.04029301553964615,
0.029661035165190697,
0.09693389385938644,
-0.032840341329574585,
0.02197195030748844,
0.0965... |
hypersegmentation,\tand\tmacroovalocytic\tred\tcells.\nStage\t4:\tCharacterized\tby\tclinical\tfolate-deficiency\tanemia,\twith\tan\televated\tMCV\tand\nanemia. | [
0.013851177878677845,
-0.013040623627603054,
0.013870875351130962,
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0.11958343535661697,
0.043820515275001526,
-0.028181307017803192,
0.04115762561559677,
0.09698150306940079,
-0.05631553381681442,
-0.018003109842538834,
0.06... |
FIG.\t31.5\nSequential\tstages\tof\tfolate\tstatus.\t\ndU,\n\tDeoxyuridine;\t\nMCV\n,\tmean\tcorpuscular\tvolume;\t\nRBC,\n\tred\nblood\tcell.\n\tSource:\t(From\tHerbert\tV:\tFolic\tacid.\tIn\tShils\tME\tet\tal,\teditors:\t\nModern\tnutrition\tin\thealth\tand\tdisease\n,\ted\t9,\nPhiladelphia\t1998,\tLea\t&\tFebiger.) | [
-0.05470714345574379,
-0.08466467261314392,
-0.005765883252024651,
-0.09573403000831604,
-0.042866677045822144,
0.014388187788426876,
0.06340342015028,
0.1352398842573166,
-0.02291727624833584,
0.057718805968761444,
0.10073810070753098,
-0.03482819348573685,
0.012025031261146069,
0.0960896... |
,\ted\t9,\nPhiladelphia\t1998,\tLea\t&\tFebiger.)\nBecause\tof\ttheir\tinterrelated\troles\tin\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\tthymidylate\tin\tDNA\tformation,\ta\tdeficiency\tof\neither\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tor\tfolate\n\tresults\tin\ta\tmegaloblastic\tanemia.\tThe\timmature\tnuclei\tdo\tnot\tmature\nproperly\tin\tthe\tdeficient\ts... | [
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0.015356441959738731,
-0.04943399876356125,
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0.007851366885006428,
0.037145670503377914,
0.05901296064257622,
-0.034177135676145554,
0.08357559144496918,
0.09961732476949692,
-0.03750216215848923,
-0.01706588640809059,
0.044... |
result.\tThe\tcommon\tclinical\tsigns\tof\tfolate\tdeficiency\tinclude\tfatigue,\tdyspnea,\tsore\ttongue,\ndiarrhea,\tirritability,\tforgetfulness,\tanorexia,\tglossitis,\tand\tweight\tloss.\nNormal\tbody\tfolate\tstores\tare\tdepleted\twithin\t2\tto\t4\tmonths\n\ton\ta\tfolate-deficient\tdiet,\tresulting\tin | [
0.026224181056022644,
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0.026939095929265022,
0.027779890224337578,
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0.0754813477396965,
0.09164705872535706,
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0.025318898260593414,
0.057284846901893616,
-0.01886908710002899,
0.06798671185970306,
0.04423... |
on\ta\tfolate-deficient\tdiet,\tresulting\tin\na\tmacrocytic,\tmegaloblastic\tanemia\twith\ta\tdecreased\tnumber\tof\terythrocytes,\tleukocytes,\tand\nplatelets.\tFolate-deficiency\tanemia\tis\tmanifested\tby\tvery\tlow\tserum\tfolate\t(<3\tng/mL)\tand\tRBC\nfolate\tlevels\tof\tless\tthan\t140\tto\t160\tng/mL.\tWhereas... | [
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0.06153334304690361,
0.11329764872789383,
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0.023952892050147057,
0.06731706112623215,
-0.013855752535164356,
0.010313564911484718,
0.0... |
negative\tbalance\tat\tthe\ttime\tthe\tblood\tis\tdrawn,\ta\tred\tcell\tfolate\t(RCF)\tlevel\n\tmeasures\tactual\tbody\nfolate\tstores,\tand\tthus\tis\tthe\tsuperior\tmeasurement\tfor\tdetermining\tfolate\tnutriture.\tTo\tdifferentiate\nfolate\tdeficiency\tfrom\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency,\tlevels\tof\tserum\tfolate,... | [
0.02355240285396576,
-0.06733150035142899,
0.020368563011288643,
-0.03983083367347717,
-0.07860062271356583,
-0.016607949510216713,
0.0724610909819603,
0.04386647790670395,
-0.0010995907941833138,
0.03793078660964966,
0.1274142861366272,
-0.03129466995596886,
0.07308559864759445,
0.0696422... |
12\n,\tand\nvitamin\tB\n12\n\tbound\tto\ttranscobalamin\tII\t(TCII)\tcan\tbe\tmeasured\tsimultaneously\tusing\ta\tradioassay\nkit.\tAlso\tdiagnostic\tfor\tfolate\tdeficiency\tis\tan\televated\tlevel\tof\tformiminoglutamic\n\tacid\tin\tthe\turine,\nas\twell\tas\tthe\tdU\tsuppression\ttest\tin\tbone\tmarrow\tcells\tor\tp... | [
-0.02750326879322529,
-0.046847663819789886,
0.009408582001924515,
-0.03282314911484718,
-0.0985274687409401,
0.004330821800976992,
0.09001890569925308,
0.09127774834632874,
-0.004938958212733269,
0.04740040376782417,
0.08532174676656723,
-0.023600030690431595,
0.050642579793930054,
0.0572... |
Chapter\t5\n\tand\t\nAppendix\t12\n).\nMedical\tmanagement\nBefore\ttreatment\tis\tinitiated,\tit\tis\timportant\tto\tdiagnose\tthe\tcause\tof\tthe\tmegaloblastosis\tcorrectly.\nAdministration\tof\tfolate\tcorrects\tmegaloblastosis\tfrom\teither\tfolate\tor\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency,\tbut\tit\ncan\tmask\tthe\tneuro... | [
0.003111388999968767,
-0.025034844875335693,
0.03563760221004486,
-0.05391138792037964,
-0.07559890300035477,
0.039813827723264694,
0.05254445597529411,
0.03992913290858269,
0.01949038729071617,
0.10977986454963684,
0.10129693895578384,
0.019231323152780533,
0.03842056542634964,
0.02107753... |
deficiency,\tbut\tit\ncan\tmask\tthe\tneurologic\tdamage\n\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency,\tallowing\tthe\tnerve\tdamage\tto\tprogress\tto\nthe\tpoint\tof\tirreversibility.\nA\tdosage\tof\t1\tmg\tof\tfolate\ttaken\torally\tevery\tday\tfor\t2\tto\t3\tweeks\treplenishes\tfolate\tstores.\nMaintaining\trepleted\tstores\... | [
0.002284282585605979,
-0.06220272555947304,
-0.01504888478666544,
-0.05375121906399727,
-0.08750365674495697,
-0.01731928065419197,
0.05726637691259384,
0.06456346809864044,
-0.05418282747268677,
0.048774197697639465,
0.08484969288110733,
-0.03191988915205002,
0.09589526057243347,
0.037076... |
folate\tfrom\tfood\tand\tor\tdietary\tsupplements\tdaily.\tWhen\tfolate\tdeficiency\tis\tcomplicated\tby\nalcoholism,\tgenetic\n\taberrations,\tor\tother\tconditions\tthat\tsuppress\thematopoiesis,\tincrease\tfolate\nrequirements,\tor\treduce\tfolate\tabsorption,\ttherapy\tshould\tremain\tat\t500\tto\t1000\tmicrograms\... | [
-0.0018239476485177875,
-0.039913661777973175,
-0.0005890301545150578,
-0.06195158511400223,
-0.06476171314716339,
-0.016349704936146736,
0.05016452074050903,
0.031125850975513458,
-0.03688473626971245,
0.04487738758325577,
0.09803618490695953,
-0.045091334730386734,
0.03166535869240761,
0... |
Symptomatic\timprovement,\tas\tevidenced\tby\tincreased\talertness,\tand\tappetite,\tmay\tbe\tapparent\nwithin\t24\tto\t48\thours,\tlong\tbefore\thematologic\tvalues\trevert\tto\tnormal,\ta\tgradual\tprocess\tthat\ttakes\napproximately\ta\tmonth.\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nAfter\tthe\tanemia\tis\tcorrected,\tthe\tpa... | [
0.06131809204816818,
-0.020198389887809753,
0.06178981065750122,
0.022404657676815987,
-0.07407236099243164,
0.00017559409025125206,
0.07981391251087189,
0.04428088665008545,
-0.05139106884598732,
0.002464422956109047,
0.09424470365047455,
-0.027465466409921646,
0.01935911737382412,
-0.008... |
fresh\tfruit\tor\tdark\tgreen\tvegetables\tor\tto\tdrink\ta\tglass\tof\tvegetable\tor\tfruit\tand\tvegetable\tjuice\tdaily\n(see\t\nAppendix\t31\n\tfor\ta\tlist\tof\tfolate-containing\tfoods).\tFresh,\tuncooked\tfruits\tand\tvegetables\tare\ngood\tsources\tof\tfolate\tbecause\tfolate\tcan\teasily\tbe\tdestroyed\tby\n\t... | [
-0.03181932494044304,
-0.026511000469326973,
0.020034916698932648,
-0.02294103614985943,
-0.014236357994377613,
0.01547277346253395,
0.08905729651451111,
-0.013496273197233677,
-0.03549141064286232,
0.006571587640792131,
0.1222762018442154,
-0.005117695778608322,
0.05869751796126366,
-0.01... |
heat.\tIn\t1998\tthe\tFood\tand\tDrug\nAdministration\trequired\tthat\tgrains\tbe\tfortified\twith\tfolic\tacid.\tThe\tRDAs\tfor\tfolate\tare\tsummarized\non\tthe\tinside\tcover\tof\tthis\ttext.\tThe\tRDA\tfor\tadults\tis\t400\tmcg\tdaily.\tThe\tDietary\tGuidelines\tfor\nAmericans\trecommend\tthat\twomen\tof\tchildbear... | [
0.0005303038051351905,
-0.03444099426269531,
0.0607670396566391,
-0.00002192305873904843,
-0.02275525964796543,
-0.030215434730052948,
0.0627615675330162,
-0.05135165899991989,
-0.0028707263991236687,
0.06026262789964676,
0.0674058124423027,
-0.043292734771966934,
0.08087683469057083,
-0.0... |
first\ttrimester\tof\tpregnancy\tconsume\tadequate\tsynthetic\tfolic\tacid\t(400\tmcg/day\n\tand\t600\tmcg/day,\nrespectively)\tfrom\tfortified\tfoods\tand\tsupplements\tin\taddition\tto\tconsuming\ta\tvariety\tof\tfoods\ncontaining\tfolate\t(see\t\nChapter\t14\n\tand\t\nAppendix\t31\n).\nVitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\t... | [
-0.032303329557180405,
-0.04591670259833336,
0.02254822850227356,
0.039623651653528214,
-0.008095575496554375,
0.04213786497712135,
0.07238519936800003,
0.059719402343034744,
-0.057431645691394806,
0.0087236063554883,
0.13437725603580475,
-0.043540336191654205,
0.004286576993763447,
-0.016... |
Vitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\tand\tpernicious\tanemias\nIntrinsic\tfactor\t(IF)\n\tis\ta\tglycoprotein\tsecreted\tby\tparietal\tcells\tof\tthe\tgastric\tmucosa\tin\tthe\tgastric | [
-0.00940162967890501,
-0.0411035418510437,
-0.010002244263887405,
0.012074966914951801,
-0.047775741666555405,
0.03510446473956108,
0.11868308484554291,
0.06702743470668793,
-0.07812149077653885,
0.056197963654994965,
0.06575475633144379,
-0.04714500531554222,
-0.03766075521707535,
0.01272... |
juice\tthat\tis\tnecessary\tfor\tthe\tabsorption\tof\tdietary\tvitamin\tB\n12\n.\tIngested\tvitamin\n\tB\n12\n\tis\tfreed\tfrom\nprotein\tby\tgastric\tacid\tand\tgastric\tand\tintestinal\tenzymes.\tThe\tfree\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tattaches\tto\tsalivary\nR-binder,\twhich\thas\ta\thigher\taffinity\tfor\tthe\tvitamin\tthan\t... | [
0.004963259678333998,
-0.10665229707956314,
0.040542419999837875,
-0.04639057815074921,
-0.12242691963911057,
0.023054448887705803,
0.08851268142461777,
0.016613589599728584,
-0.019214525818824768,
0.0542345866560936,
0.12164119631052017,
-0.024697603657841682,
0.02368301711976528,
0.00683... |
that\tfound\tin\tthe\thealthy\tstomach.\nEtiology\nThe\trelease\tof\tpancreatic\ttrypsin\tinto\tthe\tproximal\tsmall\tintestine\tdestroys\tR-binder\tand\treleases\nvitamin\tB\n12\n\tfrom\tits\tcomplex\n\twith\tR-protein.\tWith\tan\talkaline\tpH\t(6.8)\tin\tthe\tintestine,\tIF\tbinds\tthe\nvitamin\tB\n12\n.\tThe\tvitami... | [
-0.014355488121509552,
-0.13464882969856262,
0.036204997450113297,
-0.03011578507721424,
-0.08425348252058029,
-0.005150690209120512,
0.09335069358348846,
0.06047060713171959,
-0.020562011748552322,
0.02235380932688713,
0.07781314104795456,
-0.004712099675089121,
0.008733127266168594,
0.04... |
vitamin\tB\n12\n.\tThe\tvitamin\tB\n12\n–IF\tcomplex\tis\tthen\tcarried\tto\tthe\tileum.\tIn\tthe\tileum,\twith\tthe\tpresence\nof\tionic\tcalcium\t(Ca\n2\n+)\tand\ta\tpH\t(>6),\tthe\tcomplex\tattaches\tto\tthe\tsurface\tvitamin\tB\n12\n–IF\treceptors\non\tthe\tileal\tcell\tbrush\tborder.\tHere,\tthe\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\... | [
-0.0318223237991333,
-0.026663240045309067,
0.014763470739126205,
-0.08952812105417252,
-0.12820830941200256,
0.039694130420684814,
0.051972825080156326,
0.009178254753351212,
-0.025179730728268623,
0.06243896484375,
0.09750904142856598,
-0.06195522099733353,
0.03088546358048916,
0.0333787... |
holotranscobalamin\nII\t(holo\tTCII)\n.\tHolo\n\tTCII\tis\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tattached\tto\tthe\tbeta-globulin,\tthe\tmajor\tcirculating\tvitamin\nB\n12\n\tdelivery\tprotein.\tLike\tIF,\tholo\tTCII\tplays\tan\tactive\trole\tin\tbinding\tand\ttransporting\tvitamin\tB\n12\n.\nThe\tTCII–vitamin\tB\n12\n\tcomplex\tthen\tent... | [
-0.005430291406810284,
-0.021862002089619637,
0.03759821131825447,
-0.0893675684928894,
-0.11258652806282043,
0.025924189016222954,
0.07933798432350159,
0.019932545721530914,
-0.015402725897729397,
0.06960777938365936,
0.09475380927324295,
-0.06376797705888748,
0.04013441875576973,
0.02883... |
.\nThe\tTCII–vitamin\tB\n12\n\tcomplex\tthen\tenters\tthe\tportal\tvenous\tblood.\nOther\tbinding\tproteins\tin\tthe\tblood\tinclude\thaptocorrin,\talso\tknown\tas\ttranscobalamin\tI\t(TCI)\tand\ntranscobalamin\tIII\t(TCIII).\tThese\tare\talpha-globulins,\n\tlarger\tmacromolecular-weight\tglycoproteins | [
-0.07193509489297867,
-0.04014398157596588,
-0.006646828260272741,
-0.02343917079269886,
-0.08123476058244705,
0.042133133858442307,
0.05671104043722153,
0.0749095231294632,
-0.01696714200079441,
0.05086706578731537,
0.06716011464595795,
-0.05391998216509819,
0.04180087521672249,
0.0379823... |
larger\tmacromolecular-weight\tglycoproteins\nthat\tmake\tup\tthe\tR-binder\tcomponent\tof\tthe\tblood.\tUnlike\tIF,\tthe\tR-proteins\tare\tcapable\tof\tbinding\nnot\tonly\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tbut\talso\tmany\tof\tits\tbiologically\tinactive\tanalogs.\tAlthough\tapproximately\t75%\nof\tthe\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tin\thuman\ts... | [
-0.0012296602362766862,
-0.11959166824817657,
0.017839331179857254,
-0.03160003200173378,
-0.07660757750272751,
-0.02681376039981842,
0.07165218889713287,
0.07485847920179367,
-0.008710282854735851,
0.04277767241001129,
0.08460213243961334,
-0.027947355061769485,
-0.004303285386413336,
0.0... |
TCII\tis\timportant\tin\tdelivering\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tto\tall\tthe\tcells\n\tthat\tneed\tit.\tAfter\ttransport\tthrough\tthe\nbloodstream,\tTCII\tis\trecognized\tby\treceptors\ton\tcell\tsurfaces.\tPatients\twith\thaptocorrin\nabnormalities\thave\tno\tsymptoms\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency.\tThose\tlacking\tTCII\t... | [
-0.02068188786506653,
-0.05386722460389137,
0.07077057659626007,
-0.03151905909180641,
-0.12225988507270813,
0.004908611997961998,
0.08273101598024368,
0.08030568063259125,
-0.04089713096618652,
0.04779770225286484,
0.05172744393348694,
-0.05782946199178696,
0.054963842034339905,
0.0378148... |
megaloblastic\tanemia.\tVitamin\tB\n12\n\tis\texcreted\tin\turine.\nPathophysiology\nPernicious\tanemia\n\tis\ta\tmegaloblastic,\tmacrocytic\tanemia\tcaused\tby\ta\tdeficiency\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\nmost\n\tcommonly\tfrom\ta\tlack\tof\tIF.\tRarely,\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\tanemia\toccurs\tin\tstrict\tvegetarians... | [
0.026245830580592155,
-0.04110131040215492,
0.04480074346065521,
-0.005649786442518234,
-0.09474172443151474,
0.003813790623098612,
0.10488136857748032,
0.050199445337057114,
-0.08753430098295212,
0.08518766611814499,
0.05199025571346283,
-0.05292709916830063,
-0.01835741102695465,
0.00803... |
whose\tdiet\tcontains\tno\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\texcept\tfor\ttraces\tfound\tin\tplants\tcontaminated\tby\nmicroorganisms\tcapable\tof\tsynthesizing\tvitamin\tB\n12\n.\tOther\tcauses\tinclude\tautoimmune\tdisorders\nthat\tdestroy\tgastric\tparietal\tcells;\tantibody\tto\tIF;\tbariatric\tor\tintestinal\tsurgery;\tbacterial\... | [
0.005099184811115265,
-0.05044129863381386,
0.050558239221572876,
-0.06332544982433319,
-0.11547759175300598,
0.013461427763104439,
0.058012522757053375,
-0.006449662148952484,
-0.0474233403801918,
0.1005881205201149,
0.12178774923086166,
-0.03326535224914551,
0.02327278070151806,
0.030590... |
overgrowth\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine;\n\tmalabsorption\tin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\tdue\tto\tceliac\tdisease,\tCrohn’s\ndisease,\tHIV,\ttropical\tsprue,\tand\tcancers\tinvolving\tthe\tsmall\tintestine;\tdrugs\t(paraaminosalicylic\nacid,\tcolchicine,\tneomycin,\tmetformin,\tantiretrovirals);\tand\tlong-term\tingestion\t... | [
0.0032638711854815483,
-0.08676975220441818,
-0.0026542646810412407,
-0.06126774847507477,
-0.06640001386404037,
-0.014922932721674442,
0.056797269731760025,
0.08939016610383987,
0.022048473358154297,
0.07801563292741776,
0.12747032940387726,
0.018376005813479424,
0.01651587523519993,
0.07... |
calcium-chelating\tagents\t(\nBox\t31.3\n).\nAging\tis\tassociated\twith\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\tfor\tvarious\treasons\tas\tdiscussed\tin\t\nChapter\t19\n.\nApproximately\n\t1%\tto\t2%\tof\tthe\tU.S.\tpopulation\tover\tthe\tage\tof\t51\tyears\thas\tclinical\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency,\nand\tit\tis\tthought\tthat\t10%\tto\t20%\... | [
0.0017063284758478403,
-0.08196043968200684,
0.03682947903871536,
-0.035089511424303055,
-0.08598630130290985,
-0.013078050687909126,
0.0910927951335907,
0.04427698627114296,
-0.002469009254127741,
0.08889792859554291,
0.09739618748426437,
-0.022523626685142517,
0.042313337326049805,
0.081... |
Carmel,\t2011\n).\tThe\tincidence\tof\tB\n12\ndeficiency\tin\tolder\tindividuals\tmay\tbe\trelated\tto\tmedications\tcommonly\tused\tin\tthis\tpopulation\tsuch\nas\tH\n2\n\tantagonists\t(see\t\nAppendix\t13\n)\tand\tmetformin\tused\tto\ttreat\ttype-2\tdiabetes\t(\nHerbert\t2019\n).\nStages\tof\tdeficiency\nAs\ta\tresul... | [
0.016355033963918686,
-0.06557270139455795,
0.030506601557135582,
-0.03441528603434563,
-0.12363248318433762,
0.027500398457050323,
0.05930599197745323,
0.06575112044811249,
-0.03953475505113602,
0.026840297505259514,
0.08358370512723923,
-0.03332241624593735,
0.008748436346650124,
0.00782... |
12\n\tand\tanalogs\tin\tbile\tand\nresorption\tof\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tin\tthe\tileum),\tit\tmay\ttake\tup\tto\ta\tyear\tor\ttwo\tfor\tstrict\tvegetarians\twho\tare\nnot\treceiving\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tsupplementation\tto\tdevelop\ta\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency.\tSerum\tB\n12\n,\nhomocysteine,\tand\tmethylmalonic\tacid\t... | [
0.013900630176067352,
-0.07695446908473969,
0.02993668057024479,
-0.023167721927165985,
-0.08937183767557144,
0.022678328678011894,
0.07246604561805725,
0.03656218945980072,
-0.051215559244155884,
0.06363754719495773,
0.10187593102455139,
0.029960136860609055,
0.012115264311432838,
0.02727... |
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