0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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strokes\tand\t\ntransient\tischemic\tattacks\n(TIAs)\n;\tand\tin\tthe\tperipheral\tcirculation\tit\tcauses\tintermittent\tclaudication,\tlimb\t\nischemia\n(inadequate\tblood\tsupply),\tand\tgangrene\t(\nFig.\t32.4\n).\tThus\tatherosclerosis\tis\tthe\tunderlying\tcause\tof\nmany\tforms\tof\tCVD. | [
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FIG.\t32.4\nMajor\tclinical\tmanifestations\tof\tatherothrombotic\tdisease.\n\tSource:\t(From\tViles-Gonzalez\tJF,\tet\tal:\nAtherothrombosis:\ta\twidespread\tdisease\twith\tunpredictable\tand\tlife-threatening\tconsequences,\t\nEur\tHeart\tJ\n\t25:1197,\t2004.)\nDyslipidemia\n\trefers\tto\ta\tblood\tlipid\tprofile\tth... | [
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0.131084144115448,
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0.05611180514097214,
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0.0... |
Three\timportant\tbiochemical\tmeasurements\tin\tASCVD\tinclude\tlipoproteins,\n\ttotal\tcholesterol,\tand\ntriglycerides.\tCholesterol\tis\tdelivered\tinto\tcell\twalls\tby\t\nlow-density\tlipoprotein\t(LDL)\n,\tespecially\nsmaller\tparticles.\tTo\tattract\tand\tstimulate\tthe\tmacrophages,\tthe\tcholesterol\tmust\tbe... | [
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0.017149271443486214,
0.09217239171266556,
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0.10680627822875977,
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-0.016123469918966293,... |
the\tLDL\tparticles\tand\toxidized,\ta\tkey\tstep\tin\tthe\tongoing\tinflammatory\tprocess.\tAdditionally,\nmacrophages\tmust\tmove\texcess\tcholesterol\tquickly\tinto\t\nhigh-density\tlipoprotein\t(HDL)\n\tparticles\nto\tavoid\tbecoming\tfoam\tcells\tand\tdying.\tThe\ttypical\tdyslipidemic\tcondition\tis\tone\tin\twhi... | [
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0.11673840880393982,
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0.0096... |
levels\tare\televated\t(hyperlipidemia)\tand\tHDL\tlevels\tare\tlow.\nLipoproteins\nLipids\tare\tnot\twater\tsoluble,\tso\tthey\tare\tcarried\tin\tthe\tblood\tbound\tto\tprotein.\tThese\tcomplex\nparticles,\tcalled\t\nlipoproteins\n\tthat\tare\tmanufactured\tin\tthe\tliver,\tvary\tin\tcomposition,\tsize,\tand\ndensity.... | [
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0.020426612347364426,
0.08006848394870758,
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0.008743221871554852,
0.0989910140633583,
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0.029064837843179703,
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density.\tLipoproteins\n\tmeasured\tin\tclinical\tpractice—chylomicrons,\t\nvery-low-density\tlipoprotein\n(VLDL),\tlow-density\tlipoproteins\t(LDL)\n,\tand\t\nhigh-density\tlipoproteins\t(HDL)\n—consist\tof\nvarying\tamounts\tof\ttriglyceride,\tcholesterol,\tphospholipid,\tand\tprotein.\tEach\tclass\tof\tlipoprotein | [
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0.008373253047466278,
0.014527196064591408,
0.07400630414485931,
0.006505344994366169,
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0.08910753577947617,
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actually\trepresents\ta\tcontinuum\tof\tparticles.\tThe\tratio\tof\tprotein\tto\tfat\tdetermines\tthe\tdensity;\tthus\nparticles\twith\thigher\tlevels\tof\tprotein\n\tare\tthe\tmost\tdense\t(e.g.,\tHDLs\thave\tmore\tprotein\tthan\tLDLs).\nThe\tphysiologic\trole\tof\tlipoprotein\tincludes\ttransporting\tlipid\tto\tcells... | [
0.021063828840851784,
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0.010948369279503822,
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0.07740078121423721,
0.09744517505168915,
0.009493890218436718,
0.05582951754331589,
0.06719764322042465,
0.021417293697595596,
0.03633546084165573,
0.07977... |
substrate\tfor\tsynthesis\tof\tother\tcompounds\tsuch\tas\tprostaglandins,\tthromboxanes,\tand\tleukotrienes.\nThe\tlargest\tparticles,\t\nchylomicrons\n,\ttransport\tdietary\tfat\tand\tcholesterol\tfrom\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\nto\tthe\tliver\tand\tperiphery.\tOnce\n\tin\tthe\tbloodstream,\tthe\ttriglycerides\twithin\t... | [
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0.03869808092713356,
0.03081439808011055,
0.03357422351837158,
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0.011968194507062435,
0.10359829664230347,
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0.0330... |
in\tthe\tbloodstream,\tthe\ttriglycerides\twithin\tthe\tchylomicrons\tare\nhydrolyzed\tby\tlipoprotein\tlipase\t(LPL),\tlocated\ton\tthe\tendothelial\tcell\tsurface\tin\tmuscle\tand\tadipose\ntissue.\t\nApolipoproteins\n\tcarry\tlipids\tin\tthe\tblood\tand\talso\tcontrol\tthe\tmetabolism\tof\tthe\tlipoprotein | [
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0.0041796304285526276,
0.019703762605786324,
0.0857306718826294,
0.032439280301332474,
0.0073205651715397835,
0.11476867645978928,
0.0034246977884322405,
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molecule.\tApo\tC-II,\tone\tof\tthe\tapolipoproteins,\tis\ta\tcofactor\tfor\tLPL.\tWhen\tapproximately\t90%\tof\tthe\ntriglyceride\tis\thydrolyzed,\n\tthe\tparticle\tis\treleased\tback\tinto\tthe\tblood\tas\ta\tremnant.\tThe\tliver\nmetabolizes\tthese\tchylomicron\tremnants,\tbut\tsome\tdeliver\tcholesterol\tto\tthe\ta... | [
0.026347529143095016,
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0.06921106576919556,
0.09273913502693176,
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0.007319058757275343,
0.01906... |
are\tconsidered\tatherogenic.\tConsumption\tof\thigh-fat\tmeals\tproduces\tmore\tchylomicrons\tand\nremnants.\tPlasma\tstudies\tare\tdone\twhen\tfasting;\tchylomicrons\tare\tnormally\tabsent.\nVLDL\tparticles\tare\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tto\ttransport\n\tendogenous\ttriglyceride\tand\tcholesterol. | [
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0.08521221578121185,
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0.001775... |
endogenous\ttriglyceride\tand\tcholesterol.\nTriglyceride\taccounts\tfor\t60%\tof\tthe\tVLDL\tparticle.\tThe\tlarge,\tbuoyant\tVLDL\tparticle\tis\tbelieved\tto\nbe\tnonatherogenic.\tVegetarian\tand\tlow-fat\tdiets\tincrease\tthe\tformation\tof\tlarge\tVLDL\tparticles.\nSmaller\tVLDL\tparticles\t(i.e.,\tremnants)\tare\t... | [
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0.01593385823071003,
0.03017500601708889,
0.06193750724196434,
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0.12028779834508896,
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these\tremnants,\tcalled\t\nintermediate-density\tlipoproteins\t(IDLs)\n,\tare\tatherogenic\tand\tare\ttaken\nup\tby\treceptors\ton\tthe\tliver\tor\tconverted\tto\tLDLs.\tSome\tof\tthe\tsmaller\tLDL\tparticles\tstay\tin\tthe\nblood,\tare\toxidized,\tand\tare\tthen\ttaken\tinto\tthe\tarterial\twall.\tClinically,\ta\ttot... | [
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0.0009017246193252504,
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0.06910750269889832,
0.03144257515668869,
0.037850718945264816,
0.04197244346141815,
0.10253725945949554,
0.011179270222783089,
0.013106237165629864,
0.0248... |
measurement\tof\tthe\ttriglycerides\tcarried\ton\tthe\tVLDL\tand\tthe\tIDL\tremnants.\nLDL\tis\tthe\tprimary\tcholesterol\tcarrier\tin\tblood,\tformed\tby\tthe\tbreakdown\tof\tVLDL.\tHigh\n\tLDL\ncholesterol\tis\tassociated\tspecifically\twith\tatherosclerosis\t(\nStone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tA\trecent\tchange\tin | [
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0.007750228978693485,
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0.05337231978774071,
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0.07513783127069473,
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Stone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tA\trecent\tchange\tin\nrecommendations\tfrom\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\tCardiology\t(ACC)/American\tHeart\tAssociation\t(AHA)\nwas\tto\tdrop\tthe\tactual\tserum\tLDL\tASCVD\tprevention\ttarget.\tLDL\tlevels\tare\tused\tfor\tdosing\nmedication\tbut\tare\totherwise\tonly\tconsidered\tpart\tof\ta\tb... | [
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0.0007961725350469351,
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0.09799076616764069,
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0.017867404967546463,
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assessed\tin\tisolation.\n\tAfter\tLDL\tformation,\t60%\tis\ttaken\tup\tby\tLDL\treceptors\ton\tthe\tliver,\tadrenals,\nand\tother\ttissues.\tThe\tremainder\tis\tmetabolized\tvia\tnonreceptor\tpathways.\tThe\tnumber\tand\tactivity\nof\tthese\tLDL\treceptors\tare\tmajor\tdeterminants\tof\tthe\tLDL\tlevel\tin\tthe\tblood... | [
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0.00855353195220232,
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0.06308350712060928,
0.045657794922590256,
0.006504585035145283,
0.06873615831136703,
0.12147703766822815,
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0.016734717413783073,
0.0500232... |
structural\tprotein\tfor\tall\tof\tthe\tatherogenic\tlipoproteins\t(VLDL,\tIDL,\tLDL)\tand\tmodulates\tthe\ntransport\tof\tlipids\tfrom\n\tthe\tgut\tand\tliver\tto\tthe\ttissues.\tThe\ttwo\tforms,\tapo\tB\tand\tapoB-100,\tare\nsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver.\tApoB-100\tconstitutes\t95%\tof\tthe\tapolipoproteins\tin\tLDL.\... | [
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0.029646916314959526,
0.07076377421617508,
0.009661735966801643,
0.03243299573659897,
0.09756505489349365,
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0.05... |
synthesized\tin\tthe\tintestines\tand\tis\tthe\tstructural\tcomponent\tof\tchylomicrons.\nHDL\tparticles\tcontain\tmore\tprotein\tthan\tany\tof\tthe\tother\tlipoproteins,\twhich\taccounts\tfor\ttheir | [
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0.06365719437599182,
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0.05712781473994255,
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0.0020400634966790676,
0.02... |
metabolic\trole\tas\ta\treservoir\tof\tthe\tapolipoproteins\tthat\n\tdirect\tlipid\tmetabolism.\tApo\tA-I,\tthe\tmain\napolipoprotein\tin\tHDL,\tis\tan\tantiinflammatory,\tantioxidant\tprotein\tthat\talso\thelps\tto\tremove\ncholesterol\tfrom\tthe\tarterial\twall\tto\tthe\tliver\tfor\texcretion\tor\trepackaging.\tThis\... | [
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0.053701251745224,
0.046464450657367706,
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0.1156160831451416,
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build-up\tand\toxidation\tof\tcholesterol\tin\tthe\tarteries.\tEvaluation\tof\tapo\tA-I\tor\tthe\tratio\tof\tapo\tB\tto\tapo\nA-I\thas\tbeen\tproposed\tto\tassess\trisk\tand\tdetermine\n\ttreatment\t(\nNavab\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tThe\tlower\tthe\nratio,\tthe\tlower\tthe\tASCVD\trisk.\tBoth\tapo\tC\tand\tapo\tE\ton\tHDL\t... | [
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0.02838808298110962,
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0.07721049338579178,
0.023861726745963097,
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E\thelps\treceptors\tmetabolize\tchylomicron\tremnants\tand\talso\tinhibits\tappetite.\tTherefore\thigh\tHDL\nlevels\tare\tassociated\twith\tlow\tlevels\tof\tchylomicrons;\tVLDL\tremnants;\tand\tsmall,\tdense\tLDLs.\nEpidemiologic\tstudies\thave\tshown\tan\tinverse\tcorrelation\tbetween\n\tHDL\tlevels\tand\trisk\tof | [
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0.03521975874900818,
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0.08801768720149994,
0.020316196605563164,
0.019979586824774742,
0.06190336495637894,
0.10708433389663696,
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0.02540... |
HDL\tlevels\tand\trisk\tof\ncardiovascular\tevents.\tAnd\tgenerally\ta\thigh\tHDL\tlevel\tis\tconsidered\theart-protective.\tHowever\tthere\nis\trecent\tevidence\tthat\tvery\thigh\tlevels\tof\tHDL\tcholesterol\t(greater\tthan\t97)\tare\tactually\ta\trisk\nfactor\t(\nMadsen\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nTotal\tcholesterol | [
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0.033276647329330444,
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0.08129988610744476,
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0.010448734275996685,
0.0... |
factor\t(\nMadsen\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nTotal\tcholesterol\nA\ttotal\tcholesterol\tmeasurement\tcaptures\tcholesterol\tcontained\tin\tall\tlipoprotein\tfractions:\t60%\tto\n70%\tis\tcarried\ton\tLDL,\t20%\n\tto\t30%\ton\tHDL,\tand\t10%\tto\t15%\ton\tVLDL.\nTriglycerides\nThe\ttriglyceride-rich\tlipoproteins\tinclude\tchy... | [
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0.00156530668027699,
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0.014102657325565815,
0.09613989293575287,
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0.11214698106050491,
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0.03... |
products\tformed\tin\tmetabolism.\tOf\tthese\ttriglyceride-rich\tlipoproteins,\tchylomicrons\tand\tVLDL\nremnants\tare\tknown\tto\tbe\tatherogenic\tbecause\tthey\tactivate\tplatelets,\tthe\tcoagulation\tcascade,\tand\nclot\tformation.\tAll\tcontain\tthe\tapo\tB\tlipoprotein.\n\tFasting\ttriglyceride\tlevels\tare\tclass... | [
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0.047853440046310425,
0.07978914678096771,
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0.11936765164136887,
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0.012463707476854324,
... |
Fasting\ttriglyceride\tlevels\tare\tclassified\tas\tnormal\n(<150\tmg/dL),\tborderline\thigh\t(150\tto\t199\tmg/dL),\thigh\t(200\tto\t499\tmg/dL),\tand\tvery\thigh\t(<500\nmg/dL)\t(\nStone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nPatients\twith\tfamilial\tdyslipidemias\thave\thigh\ttriglyceride\tlevels\t(\nhypertriglyceridemia\n). | [
0.01711374707520008,
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0.011024510487914085,
0.003230050439015031,
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0.025508621707558632,
0.07635465264320374,
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0.04809056222438812,
0.018633559346199036,
0.01792473904788494,
-0.013159... |
hypertriglyceridemia\n).\nTriglycerides\tin\tthe\tvery\thigh\trange\tplace\tthe\tpatient\tat\trisk\tfor\tpancreatitis.\tTriglyceride\nmeasurements\tare\tnow\tconsidered\talong\n\twith\tglucose\tintolerance,\thypertension,\tlow\tHDL\ncholesterol,\tand\thigh\tLDL\tcholesterol\tas\tpart\tof\tthe\t\nmetabolic\tsyndrome\n.\... | [
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0.011398058384656906,
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0.06798000633716583,
0.08007542788982391,
-0.04674139618873596,
0.018533850088715553,
0.04804736375808716,
-0.00841074250638485,
0.011726845987141132,
... |
metabolic\tsyndrome\n.\nGenetic\thyperlipidemias\nThe\tstudy\tand\tidentification\tof\tthe\tgenes\tresponsible\tfor\tthe\tfamilial\tforms\tof\thyperlipidemia\thave\nprovided\tinsight\tinto\tthe\troles\tof\tenzymes,\tapolipoproteins,\tand\treceptors\ton\tcells\tinvolved\tin\tlipid\nmetabolism.\tSeveral\tforms\tof\thyper... | [
-0.015103192999958992,
-0.032258518040180206,
0.01974165253341198,
0.006985293235629797,
-0.03442860022187233,
0.01940813846886158,
0.062364399433135986,
0.0223733801394701,
-0.042802803218364716,
0.05557507276535034,
0.08621808141469955,
-0.014441210776567459,
0.02289504185318947,
-0.0248... |
have\tstrong\tgenetic\tcomponents\tand\tare\tdescribed\nhere.\nFamilial\thypercholesterolemia\nFamilial\thypercholesterolemia\t(FH)\n\tis\ta\tgenetic\tdisorder\tcharacterized\tby\televated\tLDL\ncholesterol\tand\tpremature\tCVD,\twith\ta\tprevalence\tof\tapproximately\tone\tin\t200\tto\t500\tfor\nheterozygotes\tin\tNor... | [
-0.03978973627090454,
-0.019762415438890457,
0.02137603610754013,
-0.030426351353526115,
-0.0911484807729721,
0.02542147785425186,
0.020428165793418884,
0.018895834684371948,
-0.027575472369790077,
0.011564373038709164,
0.10903732478618622,
-0.06829597055912018,
0.009913732297718525,
-0.01... |
heterozygotes\tin\tNorth\tAmerica\tand\tEurope\t(\nBrautbar,\t2015\n).\nIn\tFH\televated\tcholesterol\tis\talready\tpresent\tat\tbirth\tand\tresults\tin\tearly\n\tatherosclerotic\tdisease.\nThe\toptimal\tage\trange\tfor\tscreening\tis\tbetween\t2\tand\t10\tyears.\tCurrently,\tit\tis\tconsidered | [
-0.018287383019924164,
-0.035162266343832016,
0.0732480138540268,
-0.031668521463871,
-0.09769711643457413,
-0.05095990002155304,
0.11016043275594711,
-0.028855565935373306,
-0.03922662138938904,
0.07555224001407623,
0.11955096572637558,
-0.06051152944564819,
-0.04797562584280968,
0.000824... |
unreasonable\tto\tstart\ta\trestricted\tdiet\tbefore\tage\t2,\tand\tthere\tare\tno\tsafety\tdata\ton\tthe\tuse\tof\nstatins\tbefore\tage\t8\tto\t10\t(\nNordestgaard\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tMen\twith\tFH\tseem\tto\tdevelop\tCVD\tbefore\nwomen.\tHypertension,\tsmoking,\tdiabetes,\tand\thigh\ttriglycerides\tand\tlow\tHDL\tcho... | [
-0.06826180219650269,
0.018862711265683174,
0.0544775016605854,
-0.024931197986006737,
-0.06861747056245804,
-0.008272574283182621,
0.05873819440603256,
0.021788882091641426,
-0.0028953307773917913,
0.053194787353277206,
0.051633693277835846,
-0.03762251138687134,
0.059971246868371964,
0.0... |
all\nwell-established\tadditional\trisk\tfactors\tin\tFH.\nThe\tFamilial\tHypercholesterolemia\tFoundation\trecently\tconvened\ta\tpanel\tof\tinternational\texperts\nto\t“assess\tthe\tutility\tof\tgenetic\ttesting.”\tThe\trationale\twas\t(1)\tfacilitation\tof\tdefinitive\tdiagnosis;\t(2) | [
-0.010844351723790169,
-0.044608224183321,
-0.014423155225813389,
0.005155486986041069,
-0.08217449486255646,
0.01436019316315651,
0.033009231090545654,
0.050234105437994,
-0.010591586120426655,
0.002119871089234948,
0.1054510697722435,
-0.06054504215717316,
-0.013358117081224918,
0.010533... |
pathogenic\tvariants\tindicate\thigher\tcardiovascular\trisk,\twhich\tindicates\tthe\tpotential\tneed\tfor\tmore\naggressive\tlipid\tlowering;\t(3)\tincrease\n\tin\tinitiation\tof\tand\tadherence\tto\ttherapy;\tand\t(4)\tcascade\ntesting\tof\tat-risk\trelatives.\tTheir\tExpert\tConsensus\tPanel\trecommendations\twere\t... | [
0.01257823035120964,
-0.0465235598385334,
0.04616427794098854,
-0.040817394852638245,
-0.06093243137001991,
0.002998840296640992,
0.055516451597213745,
0.04005344957113266,
0.025398818776011467,
0.10101407766342163,
0.09554832428693771,
-0.06735792756080627,
0.04821467772126198,
0.08862261... |
testing\ta\tstandard\tof\tcare\tfor\tpatients\twith\tdefinite\tor\tprobable\tFH,\tas\twell\tas\tfor\ttheir\tat-risk\nrelatives.\tThey\trecommended\ttesting\tfor\tthe\tgenes\tencoding\tthe\tlow-density\tlipoprotein\treceptor\n(LDLR),\tapolipoprotein\tB,\tand\tproprotein\tconvertase\n\tsubtilisin/kexin\t9\t(PCSK9)\t(\nSt... | [
-0.016244709491729736,
-0.06795870512723923,
-0.04194854199886322,
-0.060829415917396545,
-0.01894207112491131,
-0.028221258893609047,
0.03645452484488487,
0.1123301312327385,
0.015338615514338017,
0.00775916688144207,
0.10599600523710251,
0.0255369171500206,
0.031243711709976196,
0.100153... |
subtilisin/kexin\t9\t(PCSK9)\t(\nSturm\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nTreatment\twith\tstatin\tdrugs\timproves\tarterial\tfunction\tand\tstructure\t(\nMasoura\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\nUltrasound\tof\tthe\tAchilles\ttendon\tfor\t\nxanthomas\n\t(cholesterol\tdeposits\tfrom\tLDL)\tcorrectly\tidentifies\nthe\tmajority\tof\tFH\tpatients\t(... | [
-0.07600663602352142,
-0.07362750917673111,
0.007703914772719145,
-0.021828319877386093,
-0.07232479751110077,
-0.031624872237443924,
-0.009402166120707989,
0.11077846586704254,
0.007714466191828251,
-0.03347654268145561,
0.09013737738132477,
-0.006762778386473656,
0.009031393565237522,
0.... |
Harada,\t2017\n).\nPolygenic\tfamilial\thypercholesterolemia\nPolygenic\tFH\tis\tthe\tresult\tof\tmultiple\tgene\tdefects.\tThe\t\nAPOE-4\n\tallele\n\tis\tcommon\tin\tthis\tform.\tThe\ndiagnosis\tis\tbased\ton\ttwo\tor\tmore\tfamily\tmembers\thaving\tLDL\tcholesterol\tlevels\tabove\tthe\t90th\npercentile\twithout\tany\... | [
-0.033358097076416016,
0.019701670855283737,
-0.013311908580362797,
-0.004000854678452015,
-0.1008036881685257,
-0.015264875255525112,
-0.02178167551755905,
0.02699621021747589,
-0.04732702299952507,
-0.0218801312148571,
0.1051669791340828,
-0.008977910503745079,
0.040318623185157776,
-0.0... |
than\tpatients\twith\tthe\tnonpolygenic\tform,\tbut\tthey\tremain\tat\thigh\trisk\tfor\tpremature\tdisease.\tThe\ntreatment\tis\tlifestyle\tchange\tin\tconjunction\twith\tcholesterol-lowering\tdrugs.\nFamilial\tcombined\thyperlipidemia\nFamilial\tcombined\thyperlipidemia\t(FCHL)\n\tis\tthe\tmost\tprevalent\tprimary\tdy... | [
0.0014609878417104483,
-0.019226882606744766,
0.008646988309919834,
-0.006018528249114752,
-0.07803457230329514,
-0.005743031855672598,
0.00009850959031609818,
0.0914374589920044,
0.02352704107761383,
0.008543656207621098,
0.08016078919172287,
0.009444301016628742,
0.03999112546443939,
0.0... |
is\tthe\tmost\tprevalent\tprimary\tdyslipidemia,\tbut\tits\nprecise\tdefinition\tis\tcontroversial.\tFCHL\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tfluctuations\tin\tserum\tlipid\nconcentrations\tand\tmay\tpresent\tas\tmixed\thyperlipidemia,\tisolated\thypercholesterolemia,\nhypertriglyceridemia,\tor\tas\ta\tnormal\tserum\tlipid\tprofil... | [
0.02579323574900627,
-0.047229472547769547,
0.00672535365447402,
-0.031242819502949715,
-0.06073368713259697,
0.021748721599578857,
0.034950342029333115,
0.04332168772816658,
0.014405608177185059,
0.03692563623189926,
0.09640424698591232,
-0.016151707619428635,
0.011265820823609829,
0.0238... |
levels\tof\tapolipoprotein\tB.\t(\nBello-Chavolla\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tSeveral\tlipoprotein\tpatterns\tmay\tbe\tseen\tin\npatients\twith\tFCHL.\tThese\tpatients\tcan\thave\t(1)\televated\tLDL\tlevels\twith\tnormal\ttriglyceride\tlevels | [
-0.001712207798846066,
-0.08604630082845688,
-0.02918759360909462,
-0.02915206179022789,
-0.07055442035198212,
-0.01366218738257885,
0.03402819484472275,
0.08859697729349136,
-0.006496308837085962,
-0.038510341197252274,
0.1066167876124382,
-0.024832166731357574,
0.02693268470466137,
0.034... |
(type\tIIa),\t(2)\televated\tLDL\tlevels\twith\televated\ttriglyceride\tlevels\t(type\tIIb),\tor\t(3)\televated\tVLDL\nlevels\t(type\tIV).\tOften\tthese\tpatients\thave\tthe\tsmall,\tdense\tLDL\tassociated\twith\tASCVD.\nConsequently\n\tall\tforms\tof\tFCHL\tcause\tpremature\tdisease;\tapproximately\t15%\tof\tpatients\... | [
-0.01507422886788845,
-0.02842118591070175,
0.028670020401477814,
-0.04606440290808678,
-0.11726915091276169,
-0.016690364107489586,
0.04936114698648453,
0.04737059772014618,
0.028223352506756783,
-0.015482843853533268,
0.10447967052459717,
-0.020597124472260475,
0.03660046309232712,
0.039... |
an\tMI\tbefore\tthe\tage\tof\t60\thave\tFCHL.\tThe\tdefect\tin\tFCHL\tis\thepatic\toverproduction\tof\tapo\tB-100\n(VLDL)\tor\ta\tdefect\tin\tthe\tgene\tthat\tproduces\thepatic\tlipase,\tthe\tliver\tenzyme\tinvolved\tin\ttriglyceride\nremoval\tfrom\tthe\tbloodstream.\tPatients\twith\tFCHL\tusually\thave\tother\trisk\tf... | [
-0.012263898737728596,
-0.08016685396432877,
-0.000042547399061731994,
-0.05255310237407684,
-0.08924856781959534,
-0.010856196284294128,
0.02822977676987648,
0.08909905701875687,
-0.009752098470926285,
0.042367346584796906,
0.12639319896697998,
-0.031144479289650917,
0.02077409252524376,
... |
hypertension,\n\tdiabetes,\tor\tmetabolic\tsyndrome.\tIf\tlifestyle\tmeasures\tare\tineffective,\ttreatment\nincludes\tmedication.\tPatients\twith\televated\ttriglyceride\tlevels\talso\tneed\tto\tavoid\talcohol.\nFamilial\tdysbetalipoproteinemia\nFamilial\tdysbetalipoproteinemia\n\t(type\tIII\thyperlipoproteinemia)\tis... | [
-0.015382030978798866,
-0.03819381445646286,
-0.04332444444298744,
0.031556472182273865,
-0.03218413516879082,
-0.03915391117334366,
0.0819707065820694,
0.049047160893678665,
-0.06828871369361877,
-0.012444869615137577,
0.05132181569933891,
0.004897808190435171,
-0.007065693382173777,
-0.0... |
(type\tIII\thyperlipoproteinemia)\tis\trelatively\tuncommon.\nCatabolism\tof\tVLDL\tand\tchylomicron\tremnants\tis\tdelayed\tbecause\t\nAPOE-2\n\treplaces\t\nAPOE-3\n\tand\nAPOE-4.\n\tFor\tdysbetalipoproteinemia\tto\tbe\tseen,\tother\trisk\tfactors\tsuch\tas\tolder\tage,\thypothyroidism,\nobesity,\tdiabetes,\tor\tother... | [
-0.004129569977521896,
-0.03482860326766968,
-0.010588646866381168,
-0.020125292241573334,
-0.011775478720664978,
0.02291477844119072,
0.05505901947617531,
0.037053246051073074,
-0.02926063723862171,
0.025758707895874977,
0.08939052373170853,
0.0028343547601252794,
0.017071424052119255,
-0... |
range\tfrom\t300\tto\t600\tmg/dL,\tand\ttriglyceride\tlevels\trange\tfrom\t400\tto\t800\tmg/dL.\tThis\tcondition\ncreates\tincreased\trisk\tof\tpremature\tASCVD\tand\tperipheral\tvascular\tdisease.\tDiagnosis\tis\tbased\ton\ndetermining\tthe\n\tisoforms\tof\t\nAPOE.\n\tTreatment\tinvolves\tweight\treduction,\tcontrol\t... | [
-0.015758981928229332,
-0.07790283858776093,
0.02075430564582348,
-0.027685433626174927,
-0.09588487446308136,
-0.0073746670968830585,
0.05977035313844681,
0.09191399067640305,
-0.06197695434093475,
0.026167424395680428,
0.09886722266674042,
-0.04127782955765724,
0.012708816677331924,
0.02... |
APOE.\n\tTreatment\tinvolves\tweight\treduction,\tcontrol\tof\thyperglycemia\nand\tdiabetes,\tand\tdietary\trestriction\tof\tsaturated\tfat\tand\tcholesterol.\tIf\tthe\tdietary\tregimen\tis\tnot\neffective,\tdrug\ttherapy\tis\trecommended.\nMedical\tdiagnosis\nNoninvasive\ttests\tsuch\tas\telectrocardiograms,\ttreadmil... | [
-0.004233288578689098,
-0.08106604963541031,
0.0163531806319952,
0.011881107464432716,
-0.09886768460273743,
-0.0296510960906744,
0.08854245394468307,
0.04956122115254402,
-0.03470657020807266,
0.009593718685209751,
0.06013379618525505,
0.0025323766749352217,
0.015933938324451447,
-0.04388... |
echocardiography\tare\tused\tinitially\tto\testablish\ta\tcardiovascular\n\tdiagnosis.\tA\tmore\tdefinitive,\ninvasive\ttest\tis\t\nangiography\n\t(\ncardiac\tcatheterization\n),\tin\twhich\ta\tdye\tis\tinjected\tinto\tthe\tarteries,\nand\tradiographic\timages\tof\tthe\theart\tare\tobtained.\tMost\tnarrowing\tand\tbloc... | [
0.01657591015100479,
-0.02351684309542179,
0.037310127168893814,
-0.086480513215065,
-0.11705046147108078,
-0.016000989824533463,
0.01712976209819317,
0.014203357510268688,
0.005958110559731722,
0.01128530316054821,
0.06884514540433884,
-0.033551186323165894,
-0.020198335871100426,
0.04539... |
atherosclerosis\tare\treadily\tapparent\ton\tangiograms;\thowever,\tneither\tsmaller\tlesions\tnor\tlesions\tthat\nhave\tundergone\tremodeling\tare\tvisible.\nMagnetic\tresonance\timaging\t(MRI)\tscans\n\tshow\tthe\tsmaller\tlesions\tand\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\tfollow\natherosclerosis\tprogression\tor\tregression\tafter\tt... | [
-0.02991822175681591,
-0.09165864437818527,
0.05121762678027153,
-0.022361431270837784,
-0.11081914603710175,
-0.04116657376289368,
0.024275043979287148,
0.024539127945899963,
-0.009164668619632721,
0.006435194984078407,
0.07064108550548553,
0.03151414170861244,
0.05103573203086853,
0.0071... |
intimal\tthickness\tof\tthe\tcarotid\tartery\tmay\tbe\tused.\tIntracoronary\tthermography\thelps\tto\tdetermine\nthe\tpresence\tof\tvulnerable\tplaque.\nFinally,\tthe\tcalcium\tin\tatherosclerotic\tlesions\tcan\tbe\tassessed.\tElectron\tbeam\tcomputed\ntomography\t(ECT)\tmeasures\n\tcalcium\tin\tthe\tcoronary\tarteries... | [
0.015045368112623692,
-0.020283449441194534,
0.048736993223428726,
-0.05925111845135689,
-0.11582937091588974,
-0.022182734683156013,
0.08301277458667755,
0.007214109878987074,
-0.0034057556185871363,
0.05804929882287979,
0.09633135050535202,
-0.07240383327007294,
0.05705096572637558,
0.04... |
more\tlikely\tto\thave\ta\tfuture\tcoronary\tevent\tthan\tthose\twith\ta\tnegative\tscan.\nApproximately\ttwo\tthirds\tof\tcases\tof\tacute\tcoronary\tsyndromes\t(unstable\tangina\tand\tacute\tMI)\nhappen\tin\tarteries\tthat\tare\tminimally\tor\tmildly\tobstructed.\tThis\tillustrates\tthe\trole\tof\tthrombosis\tin\ncli... | [
0.024828659370541573,
-0.0360332727432251,
0.06471037119626999,
-0.021391551941633224,
-0.09078365564346313,
-0.010694778524339199,
0.05539966747164726,
-0.0028511942364275455,
0.022716600447893143,
0.07577403634786606,
0.08752068877220154,
-0.056865766644477844,
0.03603441268205643,
0.034... |
clinical\tevents.\tIn\tthe\tischemia\tof\tan\tinfarction,\n\tthe\tmyocardium\tor\tother\ttissue\tis\tdeprived\tof\toxygen\nand\tnourishment.\tWhether\tthe\theart\tis\table\tto\tcontinue\tbeating\tdepends\ton\tthe\textent\tof\tthe\nmusculature\tinvolved,\tthe\tpresence\tof\tcollateral\tcirculation,\tand\tthe\toxygen\tre... | [
-0.012640459463000298,
-0.009599197655916214,
0.04448404163122177,
-0.02948755957186222,
-0.11666342616081238,
0.025068029761314392,
0.05810832232236862,
0.05250789597630501,
0.0010336509440094233,
0.05729091539978981,
0.08198018372058868,
-0.03691423684358597,
0.026289543136954308,
0.0502... |
Prevention\tand\tmanagement\tof\trisk\tfactors\nThe\tidentification\tof\trisk\tfactors\tfor\tASCVD\tand\tstroke\thas\tbeen\ta\tlandmark\tachievement.\tThe\nprimary\tprevention\tof\n\tthese\tdisorders\tinvolves\tthe\tassessment\tand\tmanagement\tof\tthe\trisk\tfactors\tin\nthe\tasymptomatic\tperson.\tPersons\twith\tmult... | [
0.03663375601172447,
0.022709162905812263,
0.07981491833925247,
-0.058648668229579926,
-0.06316125392913818,
0.040584344416856766,
0.10102054476737976,
-0.040674854069948196,
-0.03130485862493515,
0.1193794310092926,
0.1497546136379242,
-0.07288634777069092,
0.05073408782482147,
0.01264403... |
those\twith\tmodifiable\tfactors\t(\nBox\t32.2\n).\nBOX\t32.2\nCardiovascular\tDisease\tRisk\tFactors\nMajor\trisk\tfactors\nHypertension\nAge\t(older\tthan\t45\tyears\tfor\tmen,\t55\tyears\tfor\twomen)\nDiabetes\tmellitus\nEstimated\tglomerular\n\tfiltration\trate\t<60\tmL/min\nMicroalbuminuria\nFamily\thistory\tof\tp... | [
0.00653558224439621,
-0.01591654121875763,
0.009303566999733448,
0.0070236665196716785,
-0.08874830603599548,
-0.05542498081922531,
0.05263560637831688,
0.016107453033328056,
-0.06586715579032898,
0.036059554666280746,
0.03019140288233757,
-0.011407566256821156,
-0.03521779924631119,
0.056... |
years\tof\tage)\nModifiable\tcardiovascular\trisk\tfactors\nLipoprotein\tprofile\nLow-density\tlipoprotein\t(LDL)\tcholesterol,\televated\nTotal\ttriglycerides,\televated\nElevated\ttrimethylamine\tN-oxide\t(TMAO)\nHigh-density\tlipoprotein\t(HDL)\tcholesterol,\tlow\nInflammatory\n\tmarkers\nFibrinogen\nC-reactive\tpro... | [
-0.051292356103658676,
-0.047308746725320816,
-0.06584390252828598,
-0.0225958451628685,
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0.020172009244561195,
-0.021043429151177406,
0.11928907036781311,
-0.02065768837928772,
0.014821784570813179,
0.061304040253162384,
-0.021441375836730003,
-0.007167649921029806,
... |
Lifestyle\trisk\tfactors\nTobacco\tuse,\tparticularly\tcigarettes\nPhysical\tinactivity\nPoor\tdiet\nStress\nInsufficient\tsleep\nExcessive\talcohol\tconsumption\nRelated\tconditions\nHypertension\nObesity\t(body\tmass\tindex\t>30)\nMetabolic\tsyndrome\t(including\treduced\tHDL,\televated\ttriglycerides,\tabdominal\tob... | [
0.008241605944931507,
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0.049183860421180725,
0.005169716197997332,
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0.08721794933080673,
0.01104552112519741,
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0.048007529228925705,
0.09098798781633377,
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-0.0009540061582811177,
0.02... |
Modified\tfrom\tNational\tInstitutes\tof\tHealth,\n\tNational\tHeart,\tLung,\tand\tBlood\tInstitute,\tNational\tHigh\nBlood\tPressure\tEducation\tProgram:\tThe\tseventh\treport\tof\tthe\tJoint\tNational\tCommittee\ton\tprevention,\ndetection,\tevaluation,\tand\ttreatment\tof\thigh\tblood\tpressure,\tNIH\tPublication\tN... | [
0.0062065571546554565,
0.004130578599870205,
0.0502089262008667,
-0.039555132389068604,
-0.096175916492939,
-0.01326080970466137,
0.10765456408262253,
0.022585157305002213,
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0.047966018319129944,
0.03311483934521675,
0.04572323337197304,
0.06135553866624832,
-0.057498... |
Risk\tfactor\treduction\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\treduce\tCVD\tin\tpersons\tof\tall\tages.\tMany\tcoronary\tevents\ncould\tbe\tprevented\twith\tadoption\n\tof\ta\thealthy\tlifestyle\t(eating\ta\theart-healthy\tdiet,\texercising\nregularly,\tmanaging\tweight,\tand\tnot\tusing\ttobacco)\tand\tadherence\tto\tlipid\tand\thype... | [
-0.014515913091599941,
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0.04390425607562065,
0.0268015768378973,
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0.03266509994864464,
0.10856921225786209,
0.027527043595910072,
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0.03434937819838524,
0.10769093781709671,
-0.05239802598953247,
0.03685127943754196,
0.003437... |
therapy\t(\nStone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tThe\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy,\tconducted\tover\tseveral\tdecades,\thas\nprovided\ta\tplethora\tof\tuseful\tinformation\tto\tresearchers\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn\n:\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nFramingham\tHeart\tStudy\nThe\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy\t(FHS)\thas\tconducte... | [
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0.041762080043554306,
0.062499649822711945,
0.014354709535837173,
-0.004979187157005072,
0.053... |
disease\t(CVD)\trisk\tfactors\tand\tfundamentally\tshaping\tpublic\thealth\tguidelines\tfor\tCVD\tprevention\nover\tthe\tpast\tfive\tdecades.\tThe\tsuccess\tof\tthe\toriginal\tcohort,\tinitiated\tin\t1948,\tpaved\tthe\tway\tfor\nfurther\tepidemiologic\tresearch\tin\tpreventive\tcardiology.\nSince\t1948\tvarious\n\tlead... | [
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0.04916520416736603,
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0.025441370904445648,
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0.05467827990651131,
0.1239977553486824,
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0.0277... |
Kannel,\tand\tDr.\tWilliam\tCastelli)\thave\tbeen\tstudying\tthe\tpopulation\tof\tFramingham,\nMassachusetts,\tto\tdetermine\tthe\tprevalence\tand\tincidence\tof\tCVD\tand\tfactors\trelated\tto\tits\ndevelopment.\tThis\tis\tthe\tlargest\tepidemiologic\tstudy\tof\tCVD\tin\tthe\tworld.\tInitial\tstudy\nparticipants\t(\nn... | [
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0.0721609890460968,
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0.027170784... |
participants\t(\nn\n\t=\t5209)\twere\thealthy\tadults\tbetween\t30\tand\n\t62\tyears\tof\tage.\tBecause\tof\tthe\npredominance\tof\twhite\tindividuals\tof\tEuropean\tdescent\tin\tthe\tthree\toriginal\tgenerations\tof\tFHS\nparticipants,\tthe\tFHS\tenrolled\tthe\tOMNI1\tand\tOMNI2\tcohorts\tin\t1994\tand\t2003,\trespect... | [
0.020333455875515938,
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0.0591902993619442,
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0.07875692844390869,
0.05280847102403641,
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0.023898296058177948,
0.054... |
aimed\tto\treflect\tthe\tcurrent\tgreater\tracial\tand\tethnic\tdiversity\tof\tthe\ttown\tof\tFramingham.\nThe\tstudy\tcontinues\ttoday,\tlooking\tat\tthe\tchildren\tand\tgrandchildren\tof\tthe\toriginal\n\tcohort.\nThrough\tthis\tcohort\tstudy,\tthe\tconcept\tof\trisk\tfactors\tand\tthus\tprevention\twas\tborn.\tModif... | [
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0.05674315243959427,
0.09332370012998581,
-0.0011142594739794731,
0.04559657350182533,
0.0126... |
risk\tfactors\tnot\tonly\tpredict\tdisease\tin\thealthy\tadults\tbut\talso\tcontribute\tto\tthe\tdisease\tprocess\tin\nthose\twho\thave\tatherosclerotic\tdisease.\tThe\tseven\tmajor\trisk\tfactors\tidentified\tby\tthe\tFHS\tare\nage,\tsex,\tblood\tpressure,\ttotal\tand\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol,\tsmoking,... | [
-0.006478284951299429,
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0.09345496445894241,
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0.018290089443325996,
0.1029660701751709,
-0.02628651075065136,
0.0451582595705986,
0.0... |
intolerance,\n\tand\tleft-ventricular\thypertrophy\t(\nOpie\tet\tal,\t2006\n).\tAll\tFHS\tcohorts\thave\tbeen\nexamined\tapproximately\tevery\t2\tto\t4\tyears\tsince\tthe\tinitiation\tof\tthe\tstudy.\nIn\taddition\tto\tthe\tcontributions\ttoward\tunderstanding\tCVD\trisk\tfactors,\tthe\tFHS\thas\talso\tbeen | [
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0.061938535422086716,
0.13610216975212097,
-0.05490295588970184,
0.03578713908791542,
0.03864... |
instrumental\tin\testablishing\tthe\tepidemiology\tof\tspecific\tCVD\tsubtypes.\tThe\tFHS\tdemonstrated\nmuch\tof\tthe\tcharacteristics\tand\tprognosis\tsurrounding\n\tmyocardial\tinfarction\t(MI),\tincluding\tits\nfrequent\tpresentation\tas\tsudden\tcardiac\tdeath,\tand\tthe\thigh\tmortality\tassociated\twith\tfirst\t... | [
0.02028043195605278,
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0.07302477955818176,
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0.034877993166446686,
0.06528051197528839,
-0.04543159529566765,
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0.02808... |
particularly\tin\twomen.\tHeart\tfailure\thas\tbeen\tand\tis\ta\tgrowing\tepidemic.\tThe\tFHS\twas\tone\tof\tthe\nfirst\tto\tdescribe\tthe\tincidence,\tprevalence,\tand\tgrim\tnatural\thistory\tof\theart\tfailure\tand\talso\nidentified\thypertension,\tvalvular\theart\tdisease,\tand\tcoronary\tdisease\n\tas\tkey\tetiolo... | [
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0.019889436662197113,
0.03277163580060005,
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0.08287573605775833,
0.07196035981178284,
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0.035721100866794586,
0.0083... |
as\tkey\tetiologies\tfor\theart\nfailure\t(\nTsao\tand\tVasan,\t2015\n).\nMilestones\tof\tthe\tframingham\theart\tstudy\n1960\tCigarette\tsmoking\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.\n1961\tCholesterol\tlevel,\tblood\tpressure,\tand\telectrocardiogram\tabnormalities\tfound\tto\tincrease\nthe\trisk\tof\t... | [
-0.008040156215429306,
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0.008930066600441933,
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0.011330660432577133,
0.02802983857691288,
0.00802840106189251,
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0.10496670007705688,
-0.06168723851442337,
0.045982662588357925,
-0.00... |
the\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.\n1967\tPhysical\tactivity\tfound\tto\treduce\tthe\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease,\tand\tobesity\tfound\tto\tincrease\nthe\n\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.\n1970\tHigh\tblood\tpressure\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tstroke.\n1976\tMenopause\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.... | [
0.026409778743982315,
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0.057621072977781296,
-0.03219180926680565,
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0.029503734782338142,
0.04314098507165909,
0.02478875033557415,
-0.06283343583345413,
0.07813684642314911,
0.10405290126800537,
-0.06442514061927795,
0.016829507425427437,
0.015449... |
1978\tPsychosocial\tfactors\tfound\tto\taffect\theart\tdisease.\n1988\tHigh\tlevels\tof\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol\tfound\tto\treduce\trisk\tof\tdeath.\n1994\tEnlarged\tleft\tventricle\t(one\tof\ttwo\tlower\tchambers\tof\tthe\theart)\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\nrisk\tof\n\tstroke.\n1994\tOMNI1\tincluded\tch... | [
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0.03865240514278412,
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0.008084069006145,
0.031287480145692825,
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0.028503119945526123,
0.08793006092309952,
-0.0500362291932106,
0.00961576122790575,
0.0135591... |
stroke.\n1994\tOMNI1\tincluded\tchanging\tracial\tand\tethnic\tdiversity.\n1996\tProgression\tfrom\thypertension\tto\theart\tfailure\tdescribed. | [
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0.03273825719952583,
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0.08027767390012741,
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0.00852... |
2003\tOMNI2\tincluded\tchanging\tracial\tand\tethnic\tdiversity.\n2006\tGenetic\tResearch\tStudy\tbegins\tto\tidentify\tgenes\tunderlying\tCVDs\tin\t9000\tparticipants\nfrom\tthree\tgenerations.\n2008\tDiscovery\tand\tpublication\tof\tfour\trisk\tfactors\tthat\traise\tprobability\tof\tdeveloping\nprecursor | [
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0.088248111307621,
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0.04171489551663399,
0.11037679761648178,
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0.026804693043231964,
-0.014684... |
precursor\n\tof\theart\tfailure;\tnew\t30-year\trisk\testimates\tdeveloped\tfor\tserious\tcardiac\tevents.\n2009\tResearchers\tfind\tparental\tdementia\tmay\tbe\tlinked\tto\tpoor\tmemory\tin\tmiddle-aged\nadults.\n2011\tBlood\tlipids\tand\tthe\tincidence\tof\tatrial\tfibrillation:\tThe\tmultiethnic\tstudy\tof\natherosc... | [
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0.10140302777290344,
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0.01266471203416586,
0.... |
atherosclerosis\tand\tthe\tFHS.\nIn\t1971\tthe\toffspring\tstudy\twas\tbegun\tto\tmeasure\tthe\tinfluence\tof\theredity\tand\tenvironment\non\tthe\toffspring\n\tof\tthe\toriginal\tcohort.\tThe\tyounger\tgroup\tappears\tto\tbe\tmore\thealth\nconscious\tbecause\tthey\thave\tlower\trates\tof\tsmoking,\tlower\tblood\tpress... | [
0.012280141934752464,
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0.02863354980945587,
0.06861703842878342,
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0.05890456959605217,
0.08019302785396576,
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0.0025839293375611305,
0.02... |
cholesterol\tlevels\tthan\ttheir\tparents\tat\tthe\tsame\tage.\tThe\tGeneration\tIII\tCohort\tStudy\tof\tthe\ngrandchildren\tis\tpresently\tunderway.\nData\tfrom\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy:\t\nA\ttimeline\tof\tmilestones\tfrom\tthe\tFramingham\theart\tstudy\n\t(website).\nhttp://www.framingham.com/heart/timeline.htm\n,\... | [
0.0000698835210641846,
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(website).\nhttp://www.framingham.com/heart/timeline.htm\n,\t2015.\nIn\tthe\tmedical\tmodel,\tprimary\tprevention\tof\tASCVD\tand\tstroke\tinvolves\taltering\tsimilar\trisk\nfactors\ttoward\ta\thealthy\tpatient\tprofile.\tFor\tischemic\tstroke,\tatherosclerosis\tis\tthe\tunderlying\ndisease.\tTherefore\toptimal\tlipid\... | [
0.01546103972941637,
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0.0002189938531955704,
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-... |
Program\t(NCEP)\tfor\thypercholesterolemia,\tare\talso\tthe\ttarget\tlevels\tto\tprevent\tstroke.\nAlthough\tthe\tNational\n\tHeart,\tLung,\tand\tBlood\tInstitute\tcreated\tthe\tNCEP,\tthe\tAHA\thas\tendorsed\nit.\tThe\tAHA\tsuggests\tthat\tprimary\tprevention\tof\tCVD\tshould\tbegin\tin\tchildren\tolder\tthan\tage\t2\... | [
-0.06472402065992355,
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0.017008140683174133,
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0.05589504539966583,
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0.07073375582695007,
-0.0401... |
(\nGidding\tet\tal,\t2009\n).\tDietary\trecommendations\tfor\tchildren\tare\ta\tbit\tmore\tliberal\tthan\tthose\tfor\nadults.\tActivity\tis\temphasized\tin\tmaintaining\tideal\tbody\tweight.\tEarly\tscreening\tfor\tdyslipidemia\tis\nrecommended\tfor\tchildren\twith\ta\n\tfamily\thistory\tof\thypercholesterolemia\tor\tA... | [
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family\thistory\tof\thypercholesterolemia\tor\tASCVD.\nFor\tadults,\ta\ttotal\tcholesterol\tlevel\tof\t170\tmg/dL\tor\tless\tis\tnow\tconsidered\toptimal,\tincluding\tan\nHDL\tof\tat\tleast\t50\tmg/dL.\tThe\tnew\t2013\tguidelines\tno\tlonger\trely\tstrictly\ton\tcholesterol\tlevels\tfor\nadvising\tpatients\tor\tdosing\... | [
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treatment\tdecisions.\tThe\tguidelines\tadvise\tassessing\n\tfactors\tsuch\tas\tage,\tgender,\trace,\twhether\ta\npatient\tsmokes,\tblood\tpressure\tand\twhether\tit\tis\tbeing\ttreated,\twhether\ta\tperson\thas\tdiabetes,\tand\nblood\tcholesterol\tlevels\tin\tdetermining\trisk.\tThey\talso\tsuggest\tthat\thealth\tcare... | [
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0.09479671716690063,
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0.01872154138982296,
0.002625464228913188,
0.028811... |
consider\tother\tfactors,\tincluding\tfamily\thistory.\tOnly\tafter\tthat\tvery\tpersonalized\tassessment\tis\ta\ndecision\tmade\ton\twhat\ttreatment\twould\twork\tbest.\tThe\tASCVD\n\tRisk\tCalculator\tdeveloped\tby\tthe\nACC/AHA\texpert\tpanel\tis\tavailable\tat\tthe\t\nACC.org\n\twebsite.\nInflammatory\tmarkers | [
0.008384071290493011,
-0.0722847431898117,
0.046991974115371704,
-0.052530109882354736,
-0.08731650561094284,
-0.02851911634206772,
0.011350409127771854,
-0.02236206829547882,
0.013079100288450718,
0.08317282050848007,
0.06462471187114716,
-0.04407406225800514,
0.048143479973077774,
0.0352... |
ACC.org\n\twebsite.\nInflammatory\tmarkers\nFifty\tpercent\tof\theart\tattacks\toccur\tin\tindividuals\twith\tnormal\tserum\tcholesterol,\twhich\thas\tled\tto\nresearch\ton\tother\trisk\tmarkers.\tIncreasing\tknowledge\tabout\tthe\trole\tof\tinflammation\tin\tASCVD\ngives\tcredence\tto\tthe\tuse\tof\tinflammatory\tmark... | [
-0.02290503680706024,
-0.10289577394723892,
0.003906380385160446,
-0.016910376027226448,
-0.0958319827914238,
-0.038093701004981995,
0.0736798569560051,
0.024807412177324295,
0.0321887731552124,
0.043371446430683136,
0.089113749563694,
-0.03574143722653389,
0.07016955316066742,
0.000557509... |
in\nasymptomatic\tindividuals\tor\tthe\textent\tof\tatherosclerosis\tin\tpatients\twith\tsymptoms.\tSeveral\nmarkers\thave\tbeen\tsuggested\t(\nBox\t32.3\n),\tand\tresearch\tcontinues\tto\tlook\tat\tthe\teffects\tof\tdiet\ton\nthese\tbiomarkers.\tPlasma\tlevels\tof\tomega-3\tfatty\tacids\tare\tinversely\tassociated\twi... | [
0.022476619109511375,
-0.05334428697824478,
0.05065428093075752,
-0.011413675732910633,
-0.15682998299598694,
-0.026326145976781845,
0.06350207328796387,
0.021429454907774925,
0.015318358317017555,
0.005588363856077194,
0.08895279467105865,
-0.023750722408294678,
0.026516269892454147,
0.01... |
inflammatory\tmarkers\tC-reactive\tprotein\t(hs-CRP),\tinterleukin-6\t(IL-6),\tfibrinogen,\tand\nhomocysteine\t(\nKalogeropoulos\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\tAn\tinflammatory\tmarker\tspecific\tto\tvascular\ninflammation\thas\tbecome\tavailable.\tThe\tPLAC™\ttest\tmeasures\tLp-PLA2\t(\nJellinger\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tLp- | [
-0.015694620087742805,
-0.050928838551044464,
0.020191270858049393,
0.00663550803437829,
-0.013638925738632679,
0.043709225952625275,
0.046773966401815414,
0.14598938822746277,
0.021602103486657143,
0.06330820918083191,
0.02366064488887787,
0.011652962304651737,
0.04148344695568085,
0.1082... |
Jellinger\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tLp-\nPLA2\tlevels\tindicate\tASCVD\trisk\tindependent\tfrom\tother\tmarkers\tand\tprovides\tinformation\ton\tthe\nrelationship\tbetween\tinflammation\tand\tatherosclerosis\t(see\t\nChapters\t5\n\tand\t\n7\n).\nBOX\t32.3\nInflammatory\tMarkers\tfor\tCardiovascular\tRisk\nGenetic\tmarkers:\ta... | [
-0.03310652822256088,
-0.067798912525177,
0.03992781415581703,
-0.015191998332738876,
-0.07135596871376038,
0.0011009031441062689,
0.07526274025440216,
0.06563210487365723,
0.004873480182141066,
0.059511564671993256,
0.09548653662204742,
-0.04071696102619171,
0.0017934199422597885,
0.07988... |
Genetic\tmarkers:\tangiotensin\n\tII\treceptor\ttype-1\tpolymorphism\nOxidized\tlow-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol\nAdhesion\tmolecules\nSelectins\nFree\tfatty\tacids\nCytokines\nInterleukin-1\nInterleukin-6\nTumor\tnecrosis\tfactor-alpha\nAcute-phase\treactants\nFibrinogen\nC-reactive\tprotein\nSerum\tamyloid\tA\nW... | [
-0.04174356162548065,
-0.10146863758563995,
-0.03320795297622681,
-0.00792910810559988,
-0.09157576411962509,
0.01809663511812687,
0.014367497526109219,
0.14530907571315765,
-0.04121958464384079,
0.03881862014532089,
0.05082332715392113,
-0.02976708486676216,
0.0059253741055727005,
0.04767... |
Serum\tamyloid\tA\nWhite\tblood\tcell\tcount\nErythrocyte\tsedimentation\trate\nTrimethylamine\tN-oxide\t(TMAO) | [
0.012040133588016033,
-0.04543415457010269,
-0.0012327367439866066,
-0.02769232727587223,
-0.024806199595332146,
0.015174776315689087,
0.11495647579431534,
0.13869339227676392,
-0.048512089997529984,
0.022628823295235634,
0.08311615884304047,
-0.09929730743169785,
-0.005916389636695385,
0.... |
Derived\tfrom\tFung\tMM,\tet\tal:\n\tEarly\tinflammatory\tand\tmetabolic\tchanges\tin\tassociation\twith\tAGTR1\npolymorphisms\tin\tprehypertensive\tsubjects,\t\nAm\tJ\tHypertens\n\t24:225,\t2011;\tPearson\tTA,\tet\tal:\tMarkers\tof\ninflammation\tand\tcardiovascular\tdisease:\tapplication\tto\tclinical\tand\tpublic\th... | [
-0.011542806401848793,
-0.06891848891973495,
0.04856778681278229,
-0.042756352573633194,
-0.11522378027439117,
-0.027814168483018875,
0.04615561291575432,
0.08404161781072617,
0.019697384908795357,
0.0540010891854763,
0.09985528886318207,
-0.032056741416454315,
-0.018184076994657516,
0.072... |
for\thealthcare\tprofessionals\tfrom\tthe\tCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\tand\tthe\tAmerican\tHeart\nAssociation,\t\nCirculation\n\t107:499,\t2003.\nFibrinogen.\nMost\tMIs\tare\tthe\tresult\tof\tan\tintracoronary\tthrombosis.\tProspective\tstudies\thave\tshown\tthat\tplasma | [
-0.0053666867315769196,
-0.002119842916727066,
0.05361911654472351,
-0.015503049828112125,
-0.0814114436507225,
0.03542035073041916,
0.08731056749820709,
-0.0029062952380627394,
-0.017552295699715614,
0.04559611529111862,
0.09627985209226608,
-0.09391528367996216,
-0.03154359385371208,
0.0... |
fibrinogen\tis\tan\tindependent\tpredictor\tof\tASCVD\trisk.\tFactors\tassociated\twith\tan\televated\tfibrinogen\nare\tsmoking,\tdiabetes,\thypertension,\tobesity,\tsedentary\tlifestyle,\televated\ttriglycerides,\tand\tgenetic\nfactors.\tMore\tclinical\ttrials\tare\tneeded\tto\tdetermine\twhether\n\tfibrinogen\tis\tin... | [
-0.009717640466988087,
-0.0659673884510994,
0.06927868723869324,
0.007560348138213158,
-0.05114714428782463,
0.03896214812994003,
0.10733538866043091,
0.04597654566168785,
-0.03151358664035797,
0.08082376420497894,
0.09808491915464401,
-0.07426582276821136,
-0.032618749886751175,
0.0459172... |
fibrinogen\tis\tinvolved\tin\tatherogenesis\nor\tis\tjust\ta\tmarker\tof\tvascular\tdamage.\tBlood\tthrombogenicity\tincreases\twith\thigh\tLDL\tcholesterol\nand\tin\tdiabetes.\nC-reactive\tprotein.\nC-reactive\tprotein\n\t(hs-CRP)\tis\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tas\tthe\tacute-phase\tresponse\tto\tinflammation.\nThe... | [
-0.044242218136787415,
-0.11634565889835358,
0.022890238091349602,
-0.012931426987051964,
-0.08850033581256866,
0.04924118146300316,
0.03878713399171829,
0.12071084976196289,
-0.028283843770623207,
0.08922529965639114,
0.037587132304906845,
-0.04868937283754349,
-0.014501305297017097,
0.08... |
The\t\nhs\n\trefers\tto\thuman\tserum.\tIn\ta\tnormal\tindividual\twithout\tinfection\tor\tinflammation,\ths-CRP\nlevels\tare\tvery\tlow,\n\tless\tthan\t0.6\tmg/dL.\tBecause\tatherogenesis\tis\tan\tinflammatory\tprocess,\ths-CRP\nhas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tbe\televated\t(>3\tmg/dL)\tin\tpeople\twith\tangina,\tMI,\tstroke,\t... | [
-0.02371114306151867,
-0.050458669662475586,
0.06462030857801437,
-0.05746270716190338,
-0.10856052488088608,
-0.018652698025107384,
0.11887465417385101,
0.04318905994296074,
-0.009921829216182232,
0.06003326550126076,
0.11622074991464615,
-0.05350867658853531,
0.011343397200107574,
0.0503... |
disease;\tthe\televated\tlevels\tare\tindependent\tof\tother\trisk\tfactors\t(see\t\nChapter\t5\n).\tDespite\ta\tlack\tof\nspecificity\tfor\tthe\tcause\tof\tthe\tinflammation,\tdata\tfrom\tmore\tthan\t30\tepidemiologic\tstudies\thave\nshown\tsignificant\tassociation\n\tbetween\televated\tblood\tlevels\tof\ths-CRP\tand\... | [
-0.0004631789051927626,
-0.05112925171852112,
0.04131166264414787,
-0.03593514859676361,
-0.1046816036105156,
0.013571958057582378,
0.07158476859331131,
0.02936510555446148,
-0.019291555508971214,
0.07189694792032242,
0.12377863377332687,
-0.051887452602386475,
0.038439590483903885,
0.0235... |
atherosclerosis\t(\nMorrow\tand\tCrea,\t2014\n).\nHs-CRP\tlevels\tare\tcategorized\tfor\trisk\tas\tlow\t(<1\tmg/L),\taverage\t(2\tto\t3\tmg/L),\tand\thigh\t(>3\tmg/L)\nafter\tthe\taverage\tof\ttwo\tmeasurements\tare\ttaken\tat\tleast\t2\tweeks\tapart.\tThe\tMediterranean\tdiet\npattern\t(\nAppendix\t23\n)\tis\tmost\tef... | [
-0.01607392728328705,
-0.06881757825613022,
0.06370601058006287,
-0.044505007565021515,
-0.09886690974235535,
-0.03370523452758789,
0.07120304554700851,
0.05952034518122673,
-0.025078095495700836,
0.010670244693756104,
0.05784852057695389,
-0.01840496063232422,
0.05792161077260971,
0.01888... |
Hypertension\tmodel\t(described\tlater\tin\tthe\tchapter\tand\tin\t\nAppendix\t17\n)\tand\tthe\tplant\tnutrition\nmodel\talso\thave\tproven\tto\tbe\tbeneficial.\tThe\tdata\ton\tlow-fat\tand\tlow-carbohydrate\tdiets\tare\ninconclusive\t(\nLee\tet\tal,\t2014\n;\t\nSmidowicz\tand\tRegula,\t2015\n).\nHomocysteine.\nHomocys... | [
-0.02486107498407364,
-0.03718392923474312,
-0.05660543963313103,
0.03171505033969879,
-0.027033241465687752,
0.020134128630161285,
0.014411503449082375,
0.09570318460464478,
-0.015851223841309547,
-0.016963480040431023,
0.0891764760017395,
-0.009582198224961758,
-0.030878353863954544,
0.0... |
;\t\nSmidowicz\tand\tRegula,\t2015\n).\nHomocysteine.\nHomocysteine\n\tis\tan\tamino\tacid\tmetabolite\tof\tmethionine.\tElevated\tcirculating\ttotal\thomocysteine\n(tHcy)\tconcentrations\thave\tbeen\tregarded\n\tas\tan\tindependent\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tCVD.\tHowever,\tseveral\nlarge\tclinical\ttrials\tto\tcorrect\thype... | [
-0.019212951883673668,
-0.0583290196955204,
-0.02263825014233589,
0.012051564641296864,
-0.03581903502345085,
0.024772798642516136,
0.04772159457206726,
0.07384193688631058,
-0.00031330922502093017,
0.006140508688986301,
0.08949338644742966,
0.00476250471547246,
0.004880124237388372,
0.018... |
acid)\thave\tlargely\tfailed\tto\treduce\tthe\trisk\tof\tCVD\t(\nBaggot\tand\tTamura,\t2015\n).\nAlthough\tsome\tevidence\tsuggests\tthat\thomocysteine\tmay\tpromote\tatherosclerosis,\tno\tcausal\tlink\nhas\tbeen\testablished.\tAnd\tit\tappears\tmore\tlikely\tthat\tincreased\n\thomocysteine\tlevels\tare\tmarkers\nrathe... | [
0.019778233021497726,
-0.07339262217283249,
0.045941583812236786,
-0.02312760427594185,
-0.08783461898565292,
0.03771818429231644,
0.07271502166986465,
0.02507954277098179,
0.005607609637081623,
0.027873262763023376,
0.09729810059070587,
-0.007597641088068485,
0.048119328916072845,
0.00250... |
6\n\tand\tB\n12\n,\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\nlower\thomocysteine\tlevels\tin\tsome\tindividuals\tand\tis\tbeing\tinvestigated\tactively\tas\ta\ttreatment\tfor\nCVD\tbut\tas\tof\tnow\tis\tnot\twidely\trecommended.\nTrimethylamine-N-oxide.\nTrimethylamine-N-oxide\t(TMAO)\n\tis\ta\tgut\tmicrobiota-dependent\tmetabolite\ttha... | [
-0.022214239463210106,
-0.04974118992686272,
0.004454720299690962,
-0.011718317866325378,
-0.005456055048853159,
0.05684242025017738,
0.06978844106197357,
0.06679649651050568,
-0.03267999365925789,
0.034466106444597244,
0.06122145056724548,
-0.006280368193984032,
-0.02767059952020645,
0.04... |
heart\n\tdisease\t(\nTang\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tIt\tis\tproduced\tby\tthe\tliver\tafter\tintestinal\tbacteria\thave\tdigested\nanimal\tprotein.\tTMAO\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tpredict\tcardiac\trisk\tin\tindividuals\tnot\tidentified\tby\ntraditional\trisk\tfactors\tand\tblood\ttests.\tThis\tis\tspeculated\tto\tbe\ta\tfactor... | [
-0.02234535478055477,
-0.04298008233308792,
0.06330367922782898,
-0.050473690032958984,
-0.1379241943359375,
0.008519317954778671,
0.03656861558556557,
-0.020281929522752762,
-0.004368110094219446,
0.07265928387641907,
0.12244044989347458,
-0.06898954510688782,
-0.0031747811008244753,
0.02... |
that\ta\tplant-based\tdiet\tis\tcardioprotective\tcompared\twith\tone\tthat\tincludes\tanimal\tsources\t(\nTuso,\n2015\n).\nLifestyle\tguidelines\nLifestyle\tmodification\tremains\tthe\tbackbone\tof\tCVD\tprevention\tand\ttreatment.\tAdhering\tto\ta\theart-\nhealthy\tdiet,\tregular\texercising,\tavoidance\tof\ttobacco\... | [
-0.02735881507396698,
-0.03441841900348663,
0.04075232148170471,
-0.03863510489463806,
-0.084621861577034,
-0.011080669239163399,
0.08270128071308136,
0.007953082211315632,
-0.029524583369493484,
0.02721407823264599,
0.11303266137838364,
-0.03543563187122345,
0.03789055719971657,
-0.017257... |
are\tknown\tlifestyle\tfactors\tthat,\talong\twith\tgenetics,\tdetermine\tCVD\trisk.\tThree\tcritical\tquestions\n(CQs)\twere\taddressed\tin\tthe\t2013\tACC/AHA\tlifestyle\tmodification\tguidelines.\n\tCQ1\tpresents\tevidence\non\tdietary\tpatterns\tand\tmacronutrients\tand\ttheir\teffect\ton\tblood\tpressure\tand\tlip... | [
-0.039191294461488724,
-0.01285815704613924,
-0.00527412723749876,
-0.02011551335453987,
-0.058236923068761826,
0.010967929847538471,
0.0840691402554512,
-0.00706378323957324,
-0.009805145673453808,
0.021983012557029724,
0.10352777689695358,
-0.06634516268968582,
0.05555596202611923,
-0.01... |
evidence\ton\tthe\teffect\tof\tdietary\tsodium\tand\tpotassium\tintake\ton\tblood\tpressure\tand\tCVD\toutcomes,\nand\tCQ3\tpresents\tthe\tevidence\ton\tthe\teffect\tof\tphysical\tactivity\ton\tlipids\tand\tblood\tpressure.\tThe\nrecommendations\tare\tsummarized\tin\t\nBox\t32.4\n.\nBOX\t32.4\nSummary\tof\tAmerican\tCo... | [
-0.02715195342898369,
-0.022732853889465332,
0.07137755304574966,
-0.0008241173345595598,
-0.04256456717848778,
-0.0034730201587080956,
0.024718336760997772,
-0.016014156863093376,
0.015428854152560234,
0.050606295466423035,
0.07868669182062149,
-0.11096882075071335,
0.02231149561703205,
0... |
BOX\t32.4\nSummary\tof\tAmerican\tCollege\n\t\nof\tCardiology\t(ACC)/\tAmerican\nHeart\tAssociation\t(AHA)\tRecommendations\tfor\tLifestyle\nManagement\nDiet\nLDL-C\nAdvise\tadults\twho\twould\tbenefit\tfrom\tLDL-C\tlowering\tto\n1.\t\nConsume\ta\tdietary\tpattern\tthat\temphasizes\tintake\tof\tvegetables,\tfruits,\tan... | [
0.03327539190649986,
-0.02265213243663311,
0.05392171069979668,
-0.03089817427098751,
-0.09949404001235962,
0.005625283811241388,
0.04829457029700279,
-0.05192213132977486,
-0.00847842451184988,
0.07132545113563538,
0.10715561360120773,
-0.08684392273426056,
0.020728951320052147,
0.0065859... |
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