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strokes\tand\t\ntransient\tischemic\tattacks\n(TIAs)\n;\tand\tin\tthe\tperipheral\tcirculation\tit\tcauses\tintermittent\tclaudication,\tlimb\t\nischemia\n(inadequate\tblood\tsupply),\tand\tgangrene\t(\nFig.\t32.4\n).\tThus\tatherosclerosis\tis\tthe\tunderlying\tcause\tof\nmany\tforms\tof\tCVD.
[ -0.004496264737099409, -0.0745311826467514, 0.06564146280288696, -0.0033543009776622057, -0.13254280388355255, -0.0018258854979649186, 0.07292651385068893, 0.04636424407362938, 0.02041132003068924, 0.03950025513768196, 0.07631956785917282, -0.025888163596391678, -0.026350464671850204, 0.02...
FIG.\t32.4\nMajor\tclinical\tmanifestations\tof\tatherothrombotic\tdisease.\n\tSource:\t(From\tViles-Gonzalez\tJF,\tet\tal:\nAtherothrombosis:\ta\twidespread\tdisease\twith\tunpredictable\tand\tlife-threatening\tconsequences,\t\nEur\tHeart\tJ\n\t25:1197,\t2004.)\nDyslipidemia\n\trefers\tto\ta\tblood\tlipid\tprofile\tth...
[ -0.0718422532081604, -0.04314401373267174, -0.0066152652725577354, -0.04579969868063927, -0.09689657390117645, -0.006896963808685541, -0.0005414760671555996, 0.131084144115448, 0.011982344090938568, 0.037261392921209335, 0.05611180514097214, -0.016073893755674362, 0.009674782864749432, 0.0...
Three\timportant\tbiochemical\tmeasurements\tin\tASCVD\tinclude\tlipoproteins,\n\ttotal\tcholesterol,\tand\ntriglycerides.\tCholesterol\tis\tdelivered\tinto\tcell\twalls\tby\t\nlow-density\tlipoprotein\t(LDL)\n,\tespecially\nsmaller\tparticles.\tTo\tattract\tand\tstimulate\tthe\tmacrophages,\tthe\tcholesterol\tmust\tbe...
[ -0.018292034044861794, -0.09370103478431702, -0.041221581399440765, -0.028442643582820892, -0.08258622139692307, -0.019747678190469742, 0.017149271443486214, 0.09217239171266556, -0.0006567829404957592, -0.010569179430603981, 0.10680627822875977, -0.025642184540629387, -0.016123469918966293,...
the\tLDL\tparticles\tand\toxidized,\ta\tkey\tstep\tin\tthe\tongoing\tinflammatory\tprocess.\tAdditionally,\nmacrophages\tmust\tmove\texcess\tcholesterol\tquickly\tinto\t\nhigh-density\tlipoprotein\t(HDL)\n\tparticles\nto\tavoid\tbecoming\tfoam\tcells\tand\tdying.\tThe\ttypical\tdyslipidemic\tcondition\tis\tone\tin\twhi...
[ -0.017898686230182648, -0.05833081901073456, 0.02018916793167591, -0.025997955352067947, -0.11008159071207047, -0.022961050271987915, 0.07308012992143631, 0.054419562220573425, 0.04714648798108101, 0.02617708407342434, 0.11673840880393982, -0.006398018915206194, 0.03315554931759834, 0.0096...
levels\tare\televated\t(hyperlipidemia)\tand\tHDL\tlevels\tare\tlow.\nLipoproteins\nLipids\tare\tnot\twater\tsoluble,\tso\tthey\tare\tcarried\tin\tthe\tblood\tbound\tto\tprotein.\tThese\tcomplex\nparticles,\tcalled\t\nlipoproteins\n\tthat\tare\tmanufactured\tin\tthe\tliver,\tvary\tin\tcomposition,\tsize,\tand\ndensity....
[ -0.01984471082687378, -0.0753532126545906, -0.0016845320351421833, -0.023623334243893623, -0.07947507500648499, 0.010316028259694576, 0.020426612347364426, 0.08006848394870758, -0.01678004115819931, 0.008743221871554852, 0.0989910140633583, -0.032745786011219025, 0.029064837843179703, 0.05...
density.\tLipoproteins\n\tmeasured\tin\tclinical\tpractice—chylomicrons,\t\nvery-low-density\tlipoprotein\n(VLDL),\tlow-density\tlipoproteins\t(LDL)\n,\tand\t\nhigh-density\tlipoproteins\t(HDL)\n—consist\tof\nvarying\tamounts\tof\ttriglyceride,\tcholesterol,\tphospholipid,\tand\tprotein.\tEach\tclass\tof\tlipoprotein
[ -0.01722007989883423, -0.07898561656475067, -0.07643449306488037, -0.03373216837644577, -0.03744720667600632, 0.008373253047466278, 0.014527196064591408, 0.07400630414485931, 0.006505344994366169, -0.011702700518071651, 0.08910753577947617, -0.004573949612677097, -0.007653443608433008, 0.0...
actually\trepresents\ta\tcontinuum\tof\tparticles.\tThe\tratio\tof\tprotein\tto\tfat\tdetermines\tthe\tdensity;\tthus\nparticles\twith\thigher\tlevels\tof\tprotein\n\tare\tthe\tmost\tdense\t(e.g.,\tHDLs\thave\tmore\tprotein\tthan\tLDLs).\nThe\tphysiologic\trole\tof\tlipoprotein\tincludes\ttransporting\tlipid\tto\tcells...
[ 0.021063828840851784, -0.12704403698444366, 0.010948369279503822, -0.045164648443460464, -0.07233063876628876, -0.018498513847589493, 0.07740078121423721, 0.09744517505168915, 0.009493890218436718, 0.05582951754331589, 0.06719764322042465, 0.021417293697595596, 0.03633546084165573, 0.07977...
substrate\tfor\tsynthesis\tof\tother\tcompounds\tsuch\tas\tprostaglandins,\tthromboxanes,\tand\tleukotrienes.\nThe\tlargest\tparticles,\t\nchylomicrons\n,\ttransport\tdietary\tfat\tand\tcholesterol\tfrom\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\nto\tthe\tliver\tand\tperiphery.\tOnce\n\tin\tthe\tbloodstream,\tthe\ttriglycerides\twithin\t...
[ -0.015233597718179226, -0.05631507560610771, -0.0064748739823699, -0.04231688752770424, -0.042767561972141266, 0.03869808092713356, 0.03081439808011055, 0.03357422351837158, -0.016769517213106155, 0.011968194507062435, 0.10359829664230347, -0.10590571165084839, -0.03496339172124863, 0.0330...
in\tthe\tbloodstream,\tthe\ttriglycerides\twithin\tthe\tchylomicrons\tare\nhydrolyzed\tby\tlipoprotein\tlipase\t(LPL),\tlocated\ton\tthe\tendothelial\tcell\tsurface\tin\tmuscle\tand\tadipose\ntissue.\t\nApolipoproteins\n\tcarry\tlipids\tin\tthe\tblood\tand\talso\tcontrol\tthe\tmetabolism\tof\tthe\tlipoprotein
[ -0.022502589970827103, -0.0736801028251648, -0.03291457146406174, -0.043526437133550644, -0.07032901048660278, 0.0041796304285526276, 0.019703762605786324, 0.0857306718826294, 0.032439280301332474, 0.0073205651715397835, 0.11476867645978928, 0.0034246977884322405, -0.008817258290946484, 0....
molecule.\tApo\tC-II,\tone\tof\tthe\tapolipoproteins,\tis\ta\tcofactor\tfor\tLPL.\tWhen\tapproximately\t90%\tof\tthe\ntriglyceride\tis\thydrolyzed,\n\tthe\tparticle\tis\treleased\tback\tinto\tthe\tblood\tas\ta\tremnant.\tThe\tliver\nmetabolizes\tthese\tchylomicron\tremnants,\tbut\tsome\tdeliver\tcholesterol\tto\tthe\ta...
[ 0.026347529143095016, -0.10527415573596954, -0.030953120440244675, -0.06726086139678955, -0.07129696756601334, 0.01985999383032322, 0.0339883491396904, 0.052725620567798615, 0.018294380977749825, 0.06921106576919556, 0.09273913502693176, -0.025246646255254745, 0.007319058757275343, 0.01906...
are\tconsidered\tatherogenic.\tConsumption\tof\thigh-fat\tmeals\tproduces\tmore\tchylomicrons\tand\nremnants.\tPlasma\tstudies\tare\tdone\twhen\tfasting;\tchylomicrons\tare\tnormally\tabsent.\nVLDL\tparticles\tare\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tto\ttransport\n\tendogenous\ttriglyceride\tand\tcholesterol.
[ -0.020512010902166367, -0.07805555313825607, 0.016825653612613678, -0.010707255452871323, -0.06968025863170624, 0.03312301263213158, 0.038666028529405594, 0.0627099946141243, -0.0432719886302948, 0.0425851047039032, 0.08521221578121185, -0.06873694807291031, -0.014100486412644386, 0.001775...
endogenous\ttriglyceride\tand\tcholesterol.\nTriglyceride\taccounts\tfor\t60%\tof\tthe\tVLDL\tparticle.\tThe\tlarge,\tbuoyant\tVLDL\tparticle\tis\tbelieved\tto\nbe\tnonatherogenic.\tVegetarian\tand\tlow-fat\tdiets\tincrease\tthe\tformation\tof\tlarge\tVLDL\tparticles.\nSmaller\tVLDL\tparticles\t(i.e.,\tremnants)\tare\t...
[ 0.01609204337000847, -0.0973966121673584, -0.009111209772527218, -0.0026969725731760263, -0.07270638644695282, 0.01593385823071003, 0.03017500601708889, 0.06193750724196434, -0.03641114383935928, 0.047979485243558884, 0.12028779834508896, -0.041558604687452316, -0.028777526691555977, -0.00...
these\tremnants,\tcalled\t\nintermediate-density\tlipoproteins\t(IDLs)\n,\tare\tatherogenic\tand\tare\ttaken\nup\tby\treceptors\ton\tthe\tliver\tor\tconverted\tto\tLDLs.\tSome\tof\tthe\tsmaller\tLDL\tparticles\tstay\tin\tthe\nblood,\tare\toxidized,\tand\tare\tthen\ttaken\tinto\tthe\tarterial\twall.\tClinically,\ta\ttot...
[ -0.024220608174800873, -0.07741571962833405, 0.0009017246193252504, -0.05929434671998024, -0.06613238155841827, -0.02872791700065136, 0.06910750269889832, 0.03144257515668869, 0.037850718945264816, 0.04197244346141815, 0.10253725945949554, 0.011179270222783089, 0.013106237165629864, 0.0248...
measurement\tof\tthe\ttriglycerides\tcarried\ton\tthe\tVLDL\tand\tthe\tIDL\tremnants.\nLDL\tis\tthe\tprimary\tcholesterol\tcarrier\tin\tblood,\tformed\tby\tthe\tbreakdown\tof\tVLDL.\tHigh\n\tLDL\ncholesterol\tis\tassociated\tspecifically\twith\tatherosclerosis\t(\nStone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tA\trecent\tchange\tin
[ -0.008463876321911812, -0.07116305828094482, 0.007750228978693485, -0.016157422214746475, -0.13876459002494812, -0.037213001400232315, 0.05337231978774071, 0.060523249208927155, -0.009788651019334793, 0.0029752885457128286, 0.07513783127069473, -0.027989650145173073, -0.010574348270893097, ...
Stone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tA\trecent\tchange\tin\nrecommendations\tfrom\tAmerican\tCollege\tof\tCardiology\t(ACC)/American\tHeart\tAssociation\t(AHA)\nwas\tto\tdrop\tthe\tactual\tserum\tLDL\tASCVD\tprevention\ttarget.\tLDL\tlevels\tare\tused\tfor\tdosing\nmedication\tbut\tare\totherwise\tonly\tconsidered\tpart\tof\ta\tb...
[ 0.021992305293679237, -0.005762991961091757, 0.07866435497999191, -0.0392770990729332, -0.09345603734254837, 0.012780404649674892, 0.050093792378902435, -0.06941145658493042, 0.0007961725350469351, 0.07306624948978424, 0.09799076616764069, -0.08890867233276367, 0.017867404967546463, -0.009...
assessed\tin\tisolation.\n\tAfter\tLDL\tformation,\t60%\tis\ttaken\tup\tby\tLDL\treceptors\ton\tthe\tliver,\tadrenals,\nand\tother\ttissues.\tThe\tremainder\tis\tmetabolized\tvia\tnonreceptor\tpathways.\tThe\tnumber\tand\tactivity\nof\tthese\tLDL\treceptors\tare\tmajor\tdeterminants\tof\tthe\tLDL\tlevel\tin\tthe\tblood...
[ 0.016986070200800896, -0.10352791845798492, 0.00855353195220232, -0.02900713123381138, -0.12031289935112, -0.029541155323386192, 0.06308350712060928, 0.045657794922590256, 0.006504585035145283, 0.06873615831136703, 0.12147703766822815, -0.027179555967450142, 0.016734717413783073, 0.0500232...
structural\tprotein\tfor\tall\tof\tthe\tatherogenic\tlipoproteins\t(VLDL,\tIDL,\tLDL)\tand\tmodulates\tthe\ntransport\tof\tlipids\tfrom\n\tthe\tgut\tand\tliver\tto\tthe\ttissues.\tThe\ttwo\tforms,\tapo\tB\tand\tapoB-100,\tare\nsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver.\tApoB-100\tconstitutes\t95%\tof\tthe\tapolipoproteins\tin\tLDL.\...
[ -0.018359044566750526, -0.05954008921980858, -0.03835540637373924, -0.058855198323726654, -0.06206406652927399, -0.02248501218855381, 0.029646916314959526, 0.07076377421617508, 0.009661735966801643, 0.03243299573659897, 0.09756505489349365, 0.018159817904233932, -0.013389812782406807, 0.05...
synthesized\tin\tthe\tintestines\tand\tis\tthe\tstructural\tcomponent\tof\tchylomicrons.\nHDL\tparticles\tcontain\tmore\tprotein\tthan\tany\tof\tthe\tother\tlipoproteins,\twhich\taccounts\tfor\ttheir
[ -0.03300972282886505, -0.034143589437007904, -0.06304451078176498, -0.03452631086111069, -0.024028830230236053, -0.0037192965392023325, 0.06365719437599182, 0.02427983097732067, 0.024012941867113113, 0.05712781473994255, 0.05887894332408905, -0.0448114275932312, 0.0020400634966790676, 0.02...
metabolic\trole\tas\ta\treservoir\tof\tthe\tapolipoproteins\tthat\n\tdirect\tlipid\tmetabolism.\tApo\tA-I,\tthe\tmain\napolipoprotein\tin\tHDL,\tis\tan\tantiinflammatory,\tantioxidant\tprotein\tthat\talso\thelps\tto\tremove\ncholesterol\tfrom\tthe\tarterial\twall\tto\tthe\tliver\tfor\texcretion\tor\trepackaging.\tThis\...
[ -0.033969804644584656, -0.07002177089452744, -0.040318675339221954, -0.007073196582496166, -0.0754653811454773, -0.013327428139746189, 0.053701251745224, 0.046464450657367706, 0.02004166878759861, 0.012667817994952202, 0.1156160831451416, -0.011357235722243786, -0.004285004455596209, -0.02...
build-up\tand\toxidation\tof\tcholesterol\tin\tthe\tarteries.\tEvaluation\tof\tapo\tA-I\tor\tthe\tratio\tof\tapo\tB\tto\tapo\nA-I\thas\tbeen\tproposed\tto\tassess\trisk\tand\tdetermine\n\ttreatment\t(\nNavab\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\tThe\tlower\tthe\nratio,\tthe\tlower\tthe\tASCVD\trisk.\tBoth\tapo\tC\tand\tapo\tE\ton\tHDL\t...
[ -0.058760885149240494, 0.0014569673221558332, 0.02838808298110962, -0.046028509736061096, -0.11968408524990082, -0.016949905082583427, 0.07721049338579178, 0.023861726745963097, -0.007932738400995731, 0.05647936463356018, 0.08631452172994614, -0.05393705889582634, 0.030831027776002884, 0.0...
E\thelps\treceptors\tmetabolize\tchylomicron\tremnants\tand\talso\tinhibits\tappetite.\tTherefore\thigh\tHDL\nlevels\tare\tassociated\twith\tlow\tlevels\tof\tchylomicrons;\tVLDL\tremnants;\tand\tsmall,\tdense\tLDLs.\nEpidemiologic\tstudies\thave\tshown\tan\tinverse\tcorrelation\tbetween\n\tHDL\tlevels\tand\trisk\tof
[ 0.010866168886423111, -0.04429984092712402, 0.03521975874900818, -0.024667035788297653, -0.056941330432891846, -0.023119451478123665, 0.08801768720149994, 0.020316196605563164, 0.019979586824774742, 0.06190336495637894, 0.10708433389663696, -0.09398757666349411, -0.013027373701334, 0.02540...
HDL\tlevels\tand\trisk\tof\ncardiovascular\tevents.\tAnd\tgenerally\ta\thigh\tHDL\tlevel\tis\tconsidered\theart-protective.\tHowever\tthere\nis\trecent\tevidence\tthat\tvery\thigh\tlevels\tof\tHDL\tcholesterol\t(greater\tthan\t97)\tare\tactually\ta\trisk\nfactor\t(\nMadsen\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nTotal\tcholesterol
[ -0.03533557057380676, -0.061584919691085815, 0.033276647329330444, -0.044518232345581055, -0.06821969151496887, -0.0035424018278717995, 0.05907067656517029, 0.08709175139665604, -0.054449763149023056, 0.04599086195230484, 0.08129988610744476, -0.04120274633169174, 0.010448734275996685, 0.0...
factor\t(\nMadsen\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nTotal\tcholesterol\nA\ttotal\tcholesterol\tmeasurement\tcaptures\tcholesterol\tcontained\tin\tall\tlipoprotein\tfractions:\t60%\tto\n70%\tis\tcarried\ton\tLDL,\t20%\n\tto\t30%\ton\tHDL,\tand\t10%\tto\t15%\ton\tVLDL.\nTriglycerides\nThe\ttriglyceride-rich\tlipoproteins\tinclude\tchy...
[ -0.02291538193821907, -0.05667238309979439, -0.04868012294173241, 0.00156530668027699, -0.03584263101220131, -0.012714384123682976, 0.014102657325565815, 0.09613989293575287, -0.028488818556070328, -0.029440879821777344, 0.11214698106050491, -0.02138935774564743, -0.00456555001437664, 0.03...
products\tformed\tin\tmetabolism.\tOf\tthese\ttriglyceride-rich\tlipoproteins,\tchylomicrons\tand\tVLDL\nremnants\tare\tknown\tto\tbe\tatherogenic\tbecause\tthey\tactivate\tplatelets,\tthe\tcoagulation\tcascade,\tand\nclot\tformation.\tAll\tcontain\tthe\tapo\tB\tlipoprotein.\n\tFasting\ttriglyceride\tlevels\tare\tclass...
[ -0.0019163700053468347, -0.09581651538610458, -0.02883257158100605, -0.05893436446785927, -0.05850810185074806, -0.00368393468670547, 0.047853440046310425, 0.07978914678096771, -0.0012535210698843002, -0.004018497187644243, 0.11936765164136887, -0.010942543856799603, 0.012463707476854324, ...
Fasting\ttriglyceride\tlevels\tare\tclassified\tas\tnormal\n(<150\tmg/dL),\tborderline\thigh\t(150\tto\t199\tmg/dL),\thigh\t(200\tto\t499\tmg/dL),\tand\tvery\thigh\t(<500\nmg/dL)\t(\nStone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nPatients\twith\tfamilial\tdyslipidemias\thave\thigh\ttriglyceride\tlevels\t(\nhypertriglyceridemia\n).
[ 0.01711374707520008, -0.0761328935623169, 0.011024510487914085, 0.003230050439015031, -0.10365866124629974, -0.04813135415315628, 0.025508621707558632, 0.07635465264320374, -0.06188488379120827, -0.02136983536183834, 0.04809056222438812, 0.018633559346199036, 0.01792473904788494, -0.013159...
hypertriglyceridemia\n).\nTriglycerides\tin\tthe\tvery\thigh\trange\tplace\tthe\tpatient\tat\trisk\tfor\tpancreatitis.\tTriglyceride\nmeasurements\tare\tnow\tconsidered\talong\n\twith\tglucose\tintolerance,\thypertension,\tlow\tHDL\ncholesterol,\tand\thigh\tLDL\tcholesterol\tas\tpart\tof\tthe\t\nmetabolic\tsyndrome\n.\...
[ -0.00008162451558746397, -0.023887664079666138, 0.011398058384656906, -0.0023747277446091175, -0.09797002375125885, -0.029901333153247833, 0.06798000633716583, 0.08007542788982391, -0.04674139618873596, 0.018533850088715553, 0.04804736375808716, -0.00841074250638485, 0.011726845987141132, ...
metabolic\tsyndrome\n.\nGenetic\thyperlipidemias\nThe\tstudy\tand\tidentification\tof\tthe\tgenes\tresponsible\tfor\tthe\tfamilial\tforms\tof\thyperlipidemia\thave\nprovided\tinsight\tinto\tthe\troles\tof\tenzymes,\tapolipoproteins,\tand\treceptors\ton\tcells\tinvolved\tin\tlipid\nmetabolism.\tSeveral\tforms\tof\thyper...
[ -0.015103192999958992, -0.032258518040180206, 0.01974165253341198, 0.006985293235629797, -0.03442860022187233, 0.01940813846886158, 0.062364399433135986, 0.0223733801394701, -0.042802803218364716, 0.05557507276535034, 0.08621808141469955, -0.014441210776567459, 0.02289504185318947, -0.0248...
have\tstrong\tgenetic\tcomponents\tand\tare\tdescribed\nhere.\nFamilial\thypercholesterolemia\nFamilial\thypercholesterolemia\t(FH)\n\tis\ta\tgenetic\tdisorder\tcharacterized\tby\televated\tLDL\ncholesterol\tand\tpremature\tCVD,\twith\ta\tprevalence\tof\tapproximately\tone\tin\t200\tto\t500\tfor\nheterozygotes\tin\tNor...
[ -0.03978973627090454, -0.019762415438890457, 0.02137603610754013, -0.030426351353526115, -0.0911484807729721, 0.02542147785425186, 0.020428165793418884, 0.018895834684371948, -0.027575472369790077, 0.011564373038709164, 0.10903732478618622, -0.06829597055912018, 0.009913732297718525, -0.01...
heterozygotes\tin\tNorth\tAmerica\tand\tEurope\t(\nBrautbar,\t2015\n).\nIn\tFH\televated\tcholesterol\tis\talready\tpresent\tat\tbirth\tand\tresults\tin\tearly\n\tatherosclerotic\tdisease.\nThe\toptimal\tage\trange\tfor\tscreening\tis\tbetween\t2\tand\t10\tyears.\tCurrently,\tit\tis\tconsidered
[ -0.018287383019924164, -0.035162266343832016, 0.0732480138540268, -0.031668521463871, -0.09769711643457413, -0.05095990002155304, 0.11016043275594711, -0.028855565935373306, -0.03922662138938904, 0.07555224001407623, 0.11955096572637558, -0.06051152944564819, -0.04797562584280968, 0.000824...
unreasonable\tto\tstart\ta\trestricted\tdiet\tbefore\tage\t2,\tand\tthere\tare\tno\tsafety\tdata\ton\tthe\tuse\tof\nstatins\tbefore\tage\t8\tto\t10\t(\nNordestgaard\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tMen\twith\tFH\tseem\tto\tdevelop\tCVD\tbefore\nwomen.\tHypertension,\tsmoking,\tdiabetes,\tand\thigh\ttriglycerides\tand\tlow\tHDL\tcho...
[ -0.06826180219650269, 0.018862711265683174, 0.0544775016605854, -0.024931197986006737, -0.06861747056245804, -0.008272574283182621, 0.05873819440603256, 0.021788882091641426, -0.0028953307773917913, 0.053194787353277206, 0.051633693277835846, -0.03762251138687134, 0.059971246868371964, 0.0...
all\nwell-established\tadditional\trisk\tfactors\tin\tFH.\nThe\tFamilial\tHypercholesterolemia\tFoundation\trecently\tconvened\ta\tpanel\tof\tinternational\texperts\nto\t“assess\tthe\tutility\tof\tgenetic\ttesting.”\tThe\trationale\twas\t(1)\tfacilitation\tof\tdefinitive\tdiagnosis;\t(2)
[ -0.010844351723790169, -0.044608224183321, -0.014423155225813389, 0.005155486986041069, -0.08217449486255646, 0.01436019316315651, 0.033009231090545654, 0.050234105437994, -0.010591586120426655, 0.002119871089234948, 0.1054510697722435, -0.06054504215717316, -0.013358117081224918, 0.010533...
pathogenic\tvariants\tindicate\thigher\tcardiovascular\trisk,\twhich\tindicates\tthe\tpotential\tneed\tfor\tmore\naggressive\tlipid\tlowering;\t(3)\tincrease\n\tin\tinitiation\tof\tand\tadherence\tto\ttherapy;\tand\t(4)\tcascade\ntesting\tof\tat-risk\trelatives.\tTheir\tExpert\tConsensus\tPanel\trecommendations\twere\t...
[ 0.01257823035120964, -0.0465235598385334, 0.04616427794098854, -0.040817394852638245, -0.06093243137001991, 0.002998840296640992, 0.055516451597213745, 0.04005344957113266, 0.025398818776011467, 0.10101407766342163, 0.09554832428693771, -0.06735792756080627, 0.04821467772126198, 0.08862261...
testing\ta\tstandard\tof\tcare\tfor\tpatients\twith\tdefinite\tor\tprobable\tFH,\tas\twell\tas\tfor\ttheir\tat-risk\nrelatives.\tThey\trecommended\ttesting\tfor\tthe\tgenes\tencoding\tthe\tlow-density\tlipoprotein\treceptor\n(LDLR),\tapolipoprotein\tB,\tand\tproprotein\tconvertase\n\tsubtilisin/kexin\t9\t(PCSK9)\t(\nSt...
[ -0.016244709491729736, -0.06795870512723923, -0.04194854199886322, -0.060829415917396545, -0.01894207112491131, -0.028221258893609047, 0.03645452484488487, 0.1123301312327385, 0.015338615514338017, 0.00775916688144207, 0.10599600523710251, 0.0255369171500206, 0.031243711709976196, 0.100153...
subtilisin/kexin\t9\t(PCSK9)\t(\nSturm\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nTreatment\twith\tstatin\tdrugs\timproves\tarterial\tfunction\tand\tstructure\t(\nMasoura\tet\tal,\t2011\n).\nUltrasound\tof\tthe\tAchilles\ttendon\tfor\t\nxanthomas\n\t(cholesterol\tdeposits\tfrom\tLDL)\tcorrectly\tidentifies\nthe\tmajority\tof\tFH\tpatients\t(...
[ -0.07600663602352142, -0.07362750917673111, 0.007703914772719145, -0.021828319877386093, -0.07232479751110077, -0.031624872237443924, -0.009402166120707989, 0.11077846586704254, 0.007714466191828251, -0.03347654268145561, 0.09013737738132477, -0.006762778386473656, 0.009031393565237522, 0....
Harada,\t2017\n).\nPolygenic\tfamilial\thypercholesterolemia\nPolygenic\tFH\tis\tthe\tresult\tof\tmultiple\tgene\tdefects.\tThe\t\nAPOE-4\n\tallele\n\tis\tcommon\tin\tthis\tform.\tThe\ndiagnosis\tis\tbased\ton\ttwo\tor\tmore\tfamily\tmembers\thaving\tLDL\tcholesterol\tlevels\tabove\tthe\t90th\npercentile\twithout\tany\...
[ -0.033358097076416016, 0.019701670855283737, -0.013311908580362797, -0.004000854678452015, -0.1008036881685257, -0.015264875255525112, -0.02178167551755905, 0.02699621021747589, -0.04732702299952507, -0.0218801312148571, 0.1051669791340828, -0.008977910503745079, 0.040318623185157776, -0.0...
than\tpatients\twith\tthe\tnonpolygenic\tform,\tbut\tthey\tremain\tat\thigh\trisk\tfor\tpremature\tdisease.\tThe\ntreatment\tis\tlifestyle\tchange\tin\tconjunction\twith\tcholesterol-lowering\tdrugs.\nFamilial\tcombined\thyperlipidemia\nFamilial\tcombined\thyperlipidemia\t(FCHL)\n\tis\tthe\tmost\tprevalent\tprimary\tdy...
[ 0.0014609878417104483, -0.019226882606744766, 0.008646988309919834, -0.006018528249114752, -0.07803457230329514, -0.005743031855672598, 0.00009850959031609818, 0.0914374589920044, 0.02352704107761383, 0.008543656207621098, 0.08016078919172287, 0.009444301016628742, 0.03999112546443939, 0.0...
is\tthe\tmost\tprevalent\tprimary\tdyslipidemia,\tbut\tits\nprecise\tdefinition\tis\tcontroversial.\tFCHL\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tfluctuations\tin\tserum\tlipid\nconcentrations\tand\tmay\tpresent\tas\tmixed\thyperlipidemia,\tisolated\thypercholesterolemia,\nhypertriglyceridemia,\tor\tas\ta\tnormal\tserum\tlipid\tprofil...
[ 0.02579323574900627, -0.047229472547769547, 0.00672535365447402, -0.031242819502949715, -0.06073368713259697, 0.021748721599578857, 0.034950342029333115, 0.04332168772816658, 0.014405608177185059, 0.03692563623189926, 0.09640424698591232, -0.016151707619428635, 0.011265820823609829, 0.0238...
levels\tof\tapolipoprotein\tB.\t(\nBello-Chavolla\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tSeveral\tlipoprotein\tpatterns\tmay\tbe\tseen\tin\npatients\twith\tFCHL.\tThese\tpatients\tcan\thave\t(1)\televated\tLDL\tlevels\twith\tnormal\ttriglyceride\tlevels
[ -0.001712207798846066, -0.08604630082845688, -0.02918759360909462, -0.02915206179022789, -0.07055442035198212, -0.01366218738257885, 0.03402819484472275, 0.08859697729349136, -0.006496308837085962, -0.038510341197252274, 0.1066167876124382, -0.024832166731357574, 0.02693268470466137, 0.034...
(type\tIIa),\t(2)\televated\tLDL\tlevels\twith\televated\ttriglyceride\tlevels\t(type\tIIb),\tor\t(3)\televated\tVLDL\nlevels\t(type\tIV).\tOften\tthese\tpatients\thave\tthe\tsmall,\tdense\tLDL\tassociated\twith\tASCVD.\nConsequently\n\tall\tforms\tof\tFCHL\tcause\tpremature\tdisease;\tapproximately\t15%\tof\tpatients\...
[ -0.01507422886788845, -0.02842118591070175, 0.028670020401477814, -0.04606440290808678, -0.11726915091276169, -0.016690364107489586, 0.04936114698648453, 0.04737059772014618, 0.028223352506756783, -0.015482843853533268, 0.10447967052459717, -0.020597124472260475, 0.03660046309232712, 0.039...
an\tMI\tbefore\tthe\tage\tof\t60\thave\tFCHL.\tThe\tdefect\tin\tFCHL\tis\thepatic\toverproduction\tof\tapo\tB-100\n(VLDL)\tor\ta\tdefect\tin\tthe\tgene\tthat\tproduces\thepatic\tlipase,\tthe\tliver\tenzyme\tinvolved\tin\ttriglyceride\nremoval\tfrom\tthe\tbloodstream.\tPatients\twith\tFCHL\tusually\thave\tother\trisk\tf...
[ -0.012263898737728596, -0.08016685396432877, -0.000042547399061731994, -0.05255310237407684, -0.08924856781959534, -0.010856196284294128, 0.02822977676987648, 0.08909905701875687, -0.009752098470926285, 0.042367346584796906, 0.12639319896697998, -0.031144479289650917, 0.02077409252524376, ...
hypertension,\n\tdiabetes,\tor\tmetabolic\tsyndrome.\tIf\tlifestyle\tmeasures\tare\tineffective,\ttreatment\nincludes\tmedication.\tPatients\twith\televated\ttriglyceride\tlevels\talso\tneed\tto\tavoid\talcohol.\nFamilial\tdysbetalipoproteinemia\nFamilial\tdysbetalipoproteinemia\n\t(type\tIII\thyperlipoproteinemia)\tis...
[ -0.015382030978798866, -0.03819381445646286, -0.04332444444298744, 0.031556472182273865, -0.03218413516879082, -0.03915391117334366, 0.0819707065820694, 0.049047160893678665, -0.06828871369361877, -0.012444869615137577, 0.05132181569933891, 0.004897808190435171, -0.007065693382173777, -0.0...
(type\tIII\thyperlipoproteinemia)\tis\trelatively\tuncommon.\nCatabolism\tof\tVLDL\tand\tchylomicron\tremnants\tis\tdelayed\tbecause\t\nAPOE-2\n\treplaces\t\nAPOE-3\n\tand\nAPOE-4.\n\tFor\tdysbetalipoproteinemia\tto\tbe\tseen,\tother\trisk\tfactors\tsuch\tas\tolder\tage,\thypothyroidism,\nobesity,\tdiabetes,\tor\tother...
[ -0.004129569977521896, -0.03482860326766968, -0.010588646866381168, -0.020125292241573334, -0.011775478720664978, 0.02291477844119072, 0.05505901947617531, 0.037053246051073074, -0.02926063723862171, 0.025758707895874977, 0.08939052373170853, 0.0028343547601252794, 0.017071424052119255, -0...
range\tfrom\t300\tto\t600\tmg/dL,\tand\ttriglyceride\tlevels\trange\tfrom\t400\tto\t800\tmg/dL.\tThis\tcondition\ncreates\tincreased\trisk\tof\tpremature\tASCVD\tand\tperipheral\tvascular\tdisease.\tDiagnosis\tis\tbased\ton\ndetermining\tthe\n\tisoforms\tof\t\nAPOE.\n\tTreatment\tinvolves\tweight\treduction,\tcontrol\t...
[ -0.015758981928229332, -0.07790283858776093, 0.02075430564582348, -0.027685433626174927, -0.09588487446308136, -0.0073746670968830585, 0.05977035313844681, 0.09191399067640305, -0.06197695434093475, 0.026167424395680428, 0.09886722266674042, -0.04127782955765724, 0.012708816677331924, 0.02...
APOE.\n\tTreatment\tinvolves\tweight\treduction,\tcontrol\tof\thyperglycemia\nand\tdiabetes,\tand\tdietary\trestriction\tof\tsaturated\tfat\tand\tcholesterol.\tIf\tthe\tdietary\tregimen\tis\tnot\neffective,\tdrug\ttherapy\tis\trecommended.\nMedical\tdiagnosis\nNoninvasive\ttests\tsuch\tas\telectrocardiograms,\ttreadmil...
[ -0.004233288578689098, -0.08106604963541031, 0.0163531806319952, 0.011881107464432716, -0.09886768460273743, -0.0296510960906744, 0.08854245394468307, 0.04956122115254402, -0.03470657020807266, 0.009593718685209751, 0.06013379618525505, 0.0025323766749352217, 0.015933938324451447, -0.04388...
echocardiography\tare\tused\tinitially\tto\testablish\ta\tcardiovascular\n\tdiagnosis.\tA\tmore\tdefinitive,\ninvasive\ttest\tis\t\nangiography\n\t(\ncardiac\tcatheterization\n),\tin\twhich\ta\tdye\tis\tinjected\tinto\tthe\tarteries,\nand\tradiographic\timages\tof\tthe\theart\tare\tobtained.\tMost\tnarrowing\tand\tbloc...
[ 0.01657591015100479, -0.02351684309542179, 0.037310127168893814, -0.086480513215065, -0.11705046147108078, -0.016000989824533463, 0.01712976209819317, 0.014203357510268688, 0.005958110559731722, 0.01128530316054821, 0.06884514540433884, -0.033551186323165894, -0.020198335871100426, 0.04539...
atherosclerosis\tare\treadily\tapparent\ton\tangiograms;\thowever,\tneither\tsmaller\tlesions\tnor\tlesions\tthat\nhave\tundergone\tremodeling\tare\tvisible.\nMagnetic\tresonance\timaging\t(MRI)\tscans\n\tshow\tthe\tsmaller\tlesions\tand\tcan\tbe\tused\tto\tfollow\natherosclerosis\tprogression\tor\tregression\tafter\tt...
[ -0.02991822175681591, -0.09165864437818527, 0.05121762678027153, -0.022361431270837784, -0.11081914603710175, -0.04116657376289368, 0.024275043979287148, 0.024539127945899963, -0.009164668619632721, 0.006435194984078407, 0.07064108550548553, 0.03151414170861244, 0.05103573203086853, 0.0071...
intimal\tthickness\tof\tthe\tcarotid\tartery\tmay\tbe\tused.\tIntracoronary\tthermography\thelps\tto\tdetermine\nthe\tpresence\tof\tvulnerable\tplaque.\nFinally,\tthe\tcalcium\tin\tatherosclerotic\tlesions\tcan\tbe\tassessed.\tElectron\tbeam\tcomputed\ntomography\t(ECT)\tmeasures\n\tcalcium\tin\tthe\tcoronary\tarteries...
[ 0.015045368112623692, -0.020283449441194534, 0.048736993223428726, -0.05925111845135689, -0.11582937091588974, -0.022182734683156013, 0.08301277458667755, 0.007214109878987074, -0.0034057556185871363, 0.05804929882287979, 0.09633135050535202, -0.07240383327007294, 0.05705096572637558, 0.04...
more\tlikely\tto\thave\ta\tfuture\tcoronary\tevent\tthan\tthose\twith\ta\tnegative\tscan.\nApproximately\ttwo\tthirds\tof\tcases\tof\tacute\tcoronary\tsyndromes\t(unstable\tangina\tand\tacute\tMI)\nhappen\tin\tarteries\tthat\tare\tminimally\tor\tmildly\tobstructed.\tThis\tillustrates\tthe\trole\tof\tthrombosis\tin\ncli...
[ 0.024828659370541573, -0.0360332727432251, 0.06471037119626999, -0.021391551941633224, -0.09078365564346313, -0.010694778524339199, 0.05539966747164726, -0.0028511942364275455, 0.022716600447893143, 0.07577403634786606, 0.08752068877220154, -0.056865766644477844, 0.03603441268205643, 0.034...
clinical\tevents.\tIn\tthe\tischemia\tof\tan\tinfarction,\n\tthe\tmyocardium\tor\tother\ttissue\tis\tdeprived\tof\toxygen\nand\tnourishment.\tWhether\tthe\theart\tis\table\tto\tcontinue\tbeating\tdepends\ton\tthe\textent\tof\tthe\nmusculature\tinvolved,\tthe\tpresence\tof\tcollateral\tcirculation,\tand\tthe\toxygen\tre...
[ -0.012640459463000298, -0.009599197655916214, 0.04448404163122177, -0.02948755957186222, -0.11666342616081238, 0.025068029761314392, 0.05810832232236862, 0.05250789597630501, 0.0010336509440094233, 0.05729091539978981, 0.08198018372058868, -0.03691423684358597, 0.026289543136954308, 0.0502...
Prevention\tand\tmanagement\tof\trisk\tfactors\nThe\tidentification\tof\trisk\tfactors\tfor\tASCVD\tand\tstroke\thas\tbeen\ta\tlandmark\tachievement.\tThe\nprimary\tprevention\tof\n\tthese\tdisorders\tinvolves\tthe\tassessment\tand\tmanagement\tof\tthe\trisk\tfactors\tin\nthe\tasymptomatic\tperson.\tPersons\twith\tmult...
[ 0.03663375601172447, 0.022709162905812263, 0.07981491833925247, -0.058648668229579926, -0.06316125392913818, 0.040584344416856766, 0.10102054476737976, -0.040674854069948196, -0.03130485862493515, 0.1193794310092926, 0.1497546136379242, -0.07288634777069092, 0.05073408782482147, 0.01264403...
those\twith\tmodifiable\tfactors\t(\nBox\t32.2\n).\nBOX\t32.2\nCardiovascular\tDisease\tRisk\tFactors\nMajor\trisk\tfactors\nHypertension\nAge\t(older\tthan\t45\tyears\tfor\tmen,\t55\tyears\tfor\twomen)\nDiabetes\tmellitus\nEstimated\tglomerular\n\tfiltration\trate\t<60\tmL/min\nMicroalbuminuria\nFamily\thistory\tof\tp...
[ 0.00653558224439621, -0.01591654121875763, 0.009303566999733448, 0.0070236665196716785, -0.08874830603599548, -0.05542498081922531, 0.05263560637831688, 0.016107453033328056, -0.06586715579032898, 0.036059554666280746, 0.03019140288233757, -0.011407566256821156, -0.03521779924631119, 0.056...
years\tof\tage)\nModifiable\tcardiovascular\trisk\tfactors\nLipoprotein\tprofile\nLow-density\tlipoprotein\t(LDL)\tcholesterol,\televated\nTotal\ttriglycerides,\televated\nElevated\ttrimethylamine\tN-oxide\t(TMAO)\nHigh-density\tlipoprotein\t(HDL)\tcholesterol,\tlow\nInflammatory\n\tmarkers\nFibrinogen\nC-reactive\tpro...
[ -0.051292356103658676, -0.047308746725320816, -0.06584390252828598, -0.0225958451628685, -0.022516608238220215, 0.020172009244561195, -0.021043429151177406, 0.11928907036781311, -0.02065768837928772, 0.014821784570813179, 0.061304040253162384, -0.021441375836730003, -0.007167649921029806, ...
Lifestyle\trisk\tfactors\nTobacco\tuse,\tparticularly\tcigarettes\nPhysical\tinactivity\nPoor\tdiet\nStress\nInsufficient\tsleep\nExcessive\talcohol\tconsumption\nRelated\tconditions\nHypertension\nObesity\t(body\tmass\tindex\t>30)\nMetabolic\tsyndrome\t(including\treduced\tHDL,\televated\ttriglycerides,\tabdominal\tob...
[ 0.008241605944931507, -0.09337371587753296, 0.049183860421180725, 0.005169716197997332, -0.11578550934791565, -0.022897211834788322, 0.08721794933080673, 0.01104552112519741, -0.05050871893763542, 0.048007529228925705, 0.09098798781633377, -0.06063605099916458, -0.0009540061582811177, 0.02...
Modified\tfrom\tNational\tInstitutes\tof\tHealth,\n\tNational\tHeart,\tLung,\tand\tBlood\tInstitute,\tNational\tHigh\nBlood\tPressure\tEducation\tProgram:\tThe\tseventh\treport\tof\tthe\tJoint\tNational\tCommittee\ton\tprevention,\ndetection,\tevaluation,\tand\ttreatment\tof\thigh\tblood\tpressure,\tNIH\tPublication\tN...
[ 0.0062065571546554565, 0.004130578599870205, 0.0502089262008667, -0.039555132389068604, -0.096175916492939, -0.01326080970466137, 0.10765456408262253, 0.022585157305002213, -0.008860070258378983, 0.047966018319129944, 0.03311483934521675, 0.04572323337197304, 0.06135553866624832, -0.057498...
Risk\tfactor\treduction\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\treduce\tCVD\tin\tpersons\tof\tall\tages.\tMany\tcoronary\tevents\ncould\tbe\tprevented\twith\tadoption\n\tof\ta\thealthy\tlifestyle\t(eating\ta\theart-healthy\tdiet,\texercising\nregularly,\tmanaging\tweight,\tand\tnot\tusing\ttobacco)\tand\tadherence\tto\tlipid\tand\thype...
[ -0.014515913091599941, -0.016660351306200027, 0.04390425607562065, 0.0268015768378973, -0.025273656472563744, 0.03266509994864464, 0.10856921225786209, 0.027527043595910072, -0.019845539703965187, 0.03434937819838524, 0.10769093781709671, -0.05239802598953247, 0.03685127943754196, 0.003437...
therapy\t(\nStone\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\tThe\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy,\tconducted\tover\tseveral\tdecades,\thas\nprovided\ta\tplethora\tof\tuseful\tinformation\tto\tresearchers\t(see\t\nFocus\tOn\n:\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy\n).\n\t\nFOCUS\tON\nFramingham\tHeart\tStudy\nThe\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy\t(FHS)\thas\tconducte...
[ 0.0035770891699939966, -0.07493496686220169, 0.05396457016468048, -0.06321226805448532, -0.15040113031864166, 0.05177094042301178, 0.05356365069746971, 0.033920273184776306, 0.026231486350297928, 0.041762080043554306, 0.062499649822711945, 0.014354709535837173, -0.004979187157005072, 0.053...
disease\t(CVD)\trisk\tfactors\tand\tfundamentally\tshaping\tpublic\thealth\tguidelines\tfor\tCVD\tprevention\nover\tthe\tpast\tfive\tdecades.\tThe\tsuccess\tof\tthe\toriginal\tcohort,\tinitiated\tin\t1948,\tpaved\tthe\tway\tfor\nfurther\tepidemiologic\tresearch\tin\tpreventive\tcardiology.\nSince\t1948\tvarious\n\tlead...
[ -0.010046781040728092, -0.016303228214383125, 0.04916520416736603, -0.03761414438486099, -0.10031787306070328, 0.0034149738494306803, 0.025441370904445648, 0.01194350328296423, -0.01227357517927885, 0.05467827990651131, 0.1239977553486824, -0.03243373706936836, 0.034792330116033554, 0.0277...
Kannel,\tand\tDr.\tWilliam\tCastelli)\thave\tbeen\tstudying\tthe\tpopulation\tof\tFramingham,\nMassachusetts,\tto\tdetermine\tthe\tprevalence\tand\tincidence\tof\tCVD\tand\tfactors\trelated\tto\tits\ndevelopment.\tThis\tis\tthe\tlargest\tepidemiologic\tstudy\tof\tCVD\tin\tthe\tworld.\tInitial\tstudy\nparticipants\t(\nn...
[ 0.0201682411134243, -0.046000923961400986, 0.0721609890460968, -0.07859646528959274, -0.11683577299118042, -0.017002806067466736, 0.0783872976899147, -0.0195059422403574, 0.006668181624263525, 0.0597185380756855, 0.11163638532161713, -0.018118614330887794, -0.00492326682433486, 0.027170784...
participants\t(\nn\n\t=\t5209)\twere\thealthy\tadults\tbetween\t30\tand\n\t62\tyears\tof\tage.\tBecause\tof\tthe\npredominance\tof\twhite\tindividuals\tof\tEuropean\tdescent\tin\tthe\tthree\toriginal\tgenerations\tof\tFHS\nparticipants,\tthe\tFHS\tenrolled\tthe\tOMNI1\tand\tOMNI2\tcohorts\tin\t1994\tand\t2003,\trespect...
[ 0.020333455875515938, -0.006459900178015232, 0.009683319367468357, -0.043748319149017334, -0.10698429495096207, 0.058685947209596634, 0.0591902993619442, 0.017532451078295708, 0.0030558353755623102, 0.07875692844390869, 0.05280847102403641, -0.06493974477052689, 0.023898296058177948, 0.054...
aimed\tto\treflect\tthe\tcurrent\tgreater\tracial\tand\tethnic\tdiversity\tof\tthe\ttown\tof\tFramingham.\nThe\tstudy\tcontinues\ttoday,\tlooking\tat\tthe\tchildren\tand\tgrandchildren\tof\tthe\toriginal\n\tcohort.\nThrough\tthis\tcohort\tstudy,\tthe\tconcept\tof\trisk\tfactors\tand\tthus\tprevention\twas\tborn.\tModif...
[ 0.06247294321656227, -0.03382027521729469, 0.055741749703884125, -0.05906832590699196, -0.10960542410612106, 0.009828285314142704, 0.08486658334732056, -0.01643947698175907, 0.0003626544785220176, 0.05674315243959427, 0.09332370012998581, -0.0011142594739794731, 0.04559657350182533, 0.0126...
risk\tfactors\tnot\tonly\tpredict\tdisease\tin\thealthy\tadults\tbut\talso\tcontribute\tto\tthe\tdisease\tprocess\tin\nthose\twho\thave\tatherosclerotic\tdisease.\tThe\tseven\tmajor\trisk\tfactors\tidentified\tby\tthe\tFHS\tare\nage,\tsex,\tblood\tpressure,\ttotal\tand\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol,\tsmoking,...
[ -0.006478284951299429, -0.052202317863702774, -0.0034183149691671133, -0.006850728765130043, -0.03470117971301079, 0.0009156405576504767, 0.007173405960202217, 0.09345496445894241, -0.01163491327315569, 0.018290089443325996, 0.1029660701751709, -0.02628651075065136, 0.0451582595705986, 0.0...
intolerance,\n\tand\tleft-ventricular\thypertrophy\t(\nOpie\tet\tal,\t2006\n).\tAll\tFHS\tcohorts\thave\tbeen\nexamined\tapproximately\tevery\t2\tto\t4\tyears\tsince\tthe\tinitiation\tof\tthe\tstudy.\nIn\taddition\tto\tthe\tcontributions\ttoward\tunderstanding\tCVD\trisk\tfactors,\tthe\tFHS\thas\talso\tbeen
[ -0.010705363005399704, -0.05885615199804306, 0.0346074216067791, -0.023256871849298477, -0.06745130568742752, -0.006759664975106716, 0.04335268214344978, 0.009745389223098755, 0.04407817870378494, 0.061938535422086716, 0.13610216975212097, -0.05490295588970184, 0.03578713908791542, 0.03864...
instrumental\tin\testablishing\tthe\tepidemiology\tof\tspecific\tCVD\tsubtypes.\tThe\tFHS\tdemonstrated\nmuch\tof\tthe\tcharacteristics\tand\tprognosis\tsurrounding\n\tmyocardial\tinfarction\t(MI),\tincluding\tits\nfrequent\tpresentation\tas\tsudden\tcardiac\tdeath,\tand\tthe\thigh\tmortality\tassociated\twith\tfirst\t...
[ 0.02028043195605278, -0.045194096863269806, 0.07302477955818176, -0.027031587436795235, -0.11799703538417816, 0.0242420956492424, 0.05279247462749481, 0.029599247500300407, 0.004492807202041149, 0.034877993166446686, 0.06528051197528839, -0.04543159529566765, -0.014362537302076817, 0.02808...
particularly\tin\twomen.\tHeart\tfailure\thas\tbeen\tand\tis\ta\tgrowing\tepidemic.\tThe\tFHS\twas\tone\tof\tthe\nfirst\tto\tdescribe\tthe\tincidence,\tprevalence,\tand\tgrim\tnatural\thistory\tof\theart\tfailure\tand\talso\nidentified\thypertension,\tvalvular\theart\tdisease,\tand\tcoronary\tdisease\n\tas\tkey\tetiolo...
[ 0.029412884265184402, -0.0055564772337675095, 0.05620678514242172, -0.04153548553586006, -0.1133437380194664, 0.019889436662197113, 0.03277163580060005, -0.03155115246772766, 0.021560903638601303, 0.08287573605775833, 0.07196035981178284, -0.041347064077854156, 0.035721100866794586, 0.0083...
as\tkey\tetiologies\tfor\theart\nfailure\t(\nTsao\tand\tVasan,\t2015\n).\nMilestones\tof\tthe\tframingham\theart\tstudy\n1960\tCigarette\tsmoking\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.\n1961\tCholesterol\tlevel,\tblood\tpressure,\tand\telectrocardiogram\tabnormalities\tfound\tto\tincrease\nthe\trisk\tof\t...
[ -0.008040156215429306, -0.04439689218997955, 0.008930066600441933, -0.07424240559339523, -0.1340503692626953, 0.011330660432577133, 0.02802983857691288, 0.00802840106189251, -0.029174555093050003, -0.016105566173791885, 0.10496670007705688, -0.06168723851442337, 0.045982662588357925, -0.00...
the\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.\n1967\tPhysical\tactivity\tfound\tto\treduce\tthe\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease,\tand\tobesity\tfound\tto\tincrease\nthe\n\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.\n1970\tHigh\tblood\tpressure\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tstroke.\n1976\tMenopause\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease....
[ 0.026409778743982315, -0.08552826941013336, 0.057621072977781296, -0.03219180926680565, -0.13689760863780975, 0.029503734782338142, 0.04314098507165909, 0.02478875033557415, -0.06283343583345413, 0.07813684642314911, 0.10405290126800537, -0.06442514061927795, 0.016829507425427437, 0.015449...
1978\tPsychosocial\tfactors\tfound\tto\taffect\theart\tdisease.\n1988\tHigh\tlevels\tof\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol\tfound\tto\treduce\trisk\tof\tdeath.\n1994\tEnlarged\tleft\tventricle\t(one\tof\ttwo\tlower\tchambers\tof\tthe\theart)\tfound\tto\tincrease\tthe\nrisk\tof\n\tstroke.\n1994\tOMNI1\tincluded\tch...
[ -0.007550113834440708, -0.07198977470397949, 0.03865240514278412, -0.02113938517868519, -0.12589247524738312, 0.008084069006145, 0.031287480145692825, 0.041817083954811096, -0.048151351511478424, 0.028503119945526123, 0.08793006092309952, -0.0500362291932106, 0.00961576122790575, 0.0135591...
stroke.\n1994\tOMNI1\tincluded\tchanging\tracial\tand\tethnic\tdiversity.\n1996\tProgression\tfrom\thypertension\tto\theart\tfailure\tdescribed.
[ -0.02021872252225876, -0.056133948266506195, 0.04981587827205658, 0.0230778269469738, -0.10968981683254242, 0.01839706487953663, 0.026403335854411125, 0.03273825719952583, -0.011668287217617035, 0.012006562203168869, 0.08027767390012741, -0.04732247069478035, -0.039321642369031906, 0.00852...
2003\tOMNI2\tincluded\tchanging\tracial\tand\tethnic\tdiversity.\n2006\tGenetic\tResearch\tStudy\tbegins\tto\tidentify\tgenes\tunderlying\tCVDs\tin\t9000\tparticipants\nfrom\tthree\tgenerations.\n2008\tDiscovery\tand\tpublication\tof\tfour\trisk\tfactors\tthat\traise\tprobability\tof\tdeveloping\nprecursor
[ -0.04825885593891144, -0.0327446274459362, 0.088248111307621, -0.027901340276002884, -0.056724660098552704, 0.007845877669751644, 0.02236301824450493, 0.016576630994677544, -0.03972698003053665, 0.04171489551663399, 0.11037679761648178, -0.06387607008218765, 0.026804693043231964, -0.014684...
precursor\n\tof\theart\tfailure;\tnew\t30-year\trisk\testimates\tdeveloped\tfor\tserious\tcardiac\tevents.\n2009\tResearchers\tfind\tparental\tdementia\tmay\tbe\tlinked\tto\tpoor\tmemory\tin\tmiddle-aged\nadults.\n2011\tBlood\tlipids\tand\tthe\tincidence\tof\tatrial\tfibrillation:\tThe\tmultiethnic\tstudy\tof\natherosc...
[ -0.05061064660549164, -0.060621779412031174, 0.03822028264403343, -0.003167596645653248, -0.1162656769156456, 0.0033317243214696646, 0.005568707827478647, 0.06950871646404266, 0.00023152929497882724, 0.05220363661646843, 0.10140302777290344, -0.00044100856757722795, 0.01266471203416586, 0....
atherosclerosis\tand\tthe\tFHS.\nIn\t1971\tthe\toffspring\tstudy\twas\tbegun\tto\tmeasure\tthe\tinfluence\tof\theredity\tand\tenvironment\non\tthe\toffspring\n\tof\tthe\toriginal\tcohort.\tThe\tyounger\tgroup\tappears\tto\tbe\tmore\thealth\nconscious\tbecause\tthey\thave\tlower\trates\tof\tsmoking,\tlower\tblood\tpress...
[ 0.012280141934752464, -0.042433787137269974, 0.0802016481757164, -0.004722954705357552, -0.08058536052703857, 0.02863354980945587, 0.06861703842878342, -0.011270945891737938, -0.042614080011844635, 0.05890456959605217, 0.08019302785396576, -0.022731969133019447, 0.0025839293375611305, 0.02...
cholesterol\tlevels\tthan\ttheir\tparents\tat\tthe\tsame\tage.\tThe\tGeneration\tIII\tCohort\tStudy\tof\tthe\ngrandchildren\tis\tpresently\tunderway.\nData\tfrom\tFramingham\tHeart\tStudy:\t\nA\ttimeline\tof\tmilestones\tfrom\tthe\tFramingham\theart\tstudy\n\t(website).\nhttp://www.framingham.com/heart/timeline.htm\n,\...
[ 0.0000698835210641846, -0.051580771803855896, -0.009868349879980087, -0.0008994659292511642, -0.0872717872262001, 0.07262910157442093, -0.10023967921733856, -0.028395216912031174, -0.07743896543979645, -0.0938122570514679, 0.07871939986944199, -0.024221887812018394, -0.07918889820575714, -...
(website).\nhttp://www.framingham.com/heart/timeline.htm\n,\t2015.\nIn\tthe\tmedical\tmodel,\tprimary\tprevention\tof\tASCVD\tand\tstroke\tinvolves\taltering\tsimilar\trisk\nfactors\ttoward\ta\thealthy\tpatient\tprofile.\tFor\tischemic\tstroke,\tatherosclerosis\tis\tthe\tunderlying\ndisease.\tTherefore\toptimal\tlipid\...
[ 0.01546103972941637, -0.023275038227438927, -0.01051324512809515, 0.0002189938531955704, -0.07013329118490219, -0.005802356172353029, -0.08111792057752609, -0.005602467805147171, -0.029656916856765747, -0.039883747696876526, 0.07150794565677643, 0.01425102911889553, -0.04379452392458916, -...
Program\t(NCEP)\tfor\thypercholesterolemia,\tare\talso\tthe\ttarget\tlevels\tto\tprevent\tstroke.\nAlthough\tthe\tNational\n\tHeart,\tLung,\tand\tBlood\tInstitute\tcreated\tthe\tNCEP,\tthe\tAHA\thas\tendorsed\nit.\tThe\tAHA\tsuggests\tthat\tprimary\tprevention\tof\tCVD\tshould\tbegin\tin\tchildren\tolder\tthan\tage\t2\...
[ -0.06472402065992355, 0.017168426886200905, 0.017008140683174133, -0.07329907268285751, -0.0713302344083786, 0.005766403395682573, 0.06564681977033615, 0.05072341114282608, -0.011997366324067116, 0.016086699441075325, 0.05589504539966583, -0.024695293977856636, 0.07073375582695007, -0.0401...
(\nGidding\tet\tal,\t2009\n).\tDietary\trecommendations\tfor\tchildren\tare\ta\tbit\tmore\tliberal\tthan\tthose\tfor\nadults.\tActivity\tis\temphasized\tin\tmaintaining\tideal\tbody\tweight.\tEarly\tscreening\tfor\tdyslipidemia\tis\nrecommended\tfor\tchildren\twith\ta\n\tfamily\thistory\tof\thypercholesterolemia\tor\tA...
[ -0.021823694929480553, -0.04558298736810684, 0.04283420369029045, -0.018262190744280815, -0.04781555384397507, 0.0058790650218725204, 0.07462866604328156, 0.0031791275832802057, -0.04196145385503769, 0.029941542074084282, 0.08145242929458618, -0.029505478218197823, 0.0037683015689253807, -...
family\thistory\tof\thypercholesterolemia\tor\tASCVD.\nFor\tadults,\ta\ttotal\tcholesterol\tlevel\tof\t170\tmg/dL\tor\tless\tis\tnow\tconsidered\toptimal,\tincluding\tan\nHDL\tof\tat\tleast\t50\tmg/dL.\tThe\tnew\t2013\tguidelines\tno\tlonger\trely\tstrictly\ton\tcholesterol\tlevels\tfor\nadvising\tpatients\tor\tdosing\...
[ -0.05851270630955696, -0.00754881277680397, 0.007340212352573872, -0.018704527989029884, -0.09118852764368057, -0.007791830692440271, 0.006185592617839575, 0.036592934280633926, -0.021385308355093002, -0.03987189009785652, 0.1124304011464119, -0.0162595696747303, 0.017542796209454536, -0.0...
treatment\tdecisions.\tThe\tguidelines\tadvise\tassessing\n\tfactors\tsuch\tas\tage,\tgender,\trace,\twhether\ta\npatient\tsmokes,\tblood\tpressure\tand\twhether\tit\tis\tbeing\ttreated,\twhether\ta\tperson\thas\tdiabetes,\tand\nblood\tcholesterol\tlevels\tin\tdetermining\trisk.\tThey\talso\tsuggest\tthat\thealth\tcare...
[ -0.047902222722768784, 0.02769305370748043, 0.07000643014907837, -0.05737221986055374, -0.11654488742351532, -0.004412844777107239, 0.09479671716690063, 0.03204755857586861, -0.03035055473446846, 0.0024665610399097204, 0.0559455044567585, 0.01872154138982296, 0.002625464228913188, 0.028811...
consider\tother\tfactors,\tincluding\tfamily\thistory.\tOnly\tafter\tthat\tvery\tpersonalized\tassessment\tis\ta\ndecision\tmade\ton\twhat\ttreatment\twould\twork\tbest.\tThe\tASCVD\n\tRisk\tCalculator\tdeveloped\tby\tthe\nACC/AHA\texpert\tpanel\tis\tavailable\tat\tthe\t\nACC.org\n\twebsite.\nInflammatory\tmarkers
[ 0.008384071290493011, -0.0722847431898117, 0.046991974115371704, -0.052530109882354736, -0.08731650561094284, -0.02851911634206772, 0.011350409127771854, -0.02236206829547882, 0.013079100288450718, 0.08317282050848007, 0.06462471187114716, -0.04407406225800514, 0.048143479973077774, 0.0352...
ACC.org\n\twebsite.\nInflammatory\tmarkers\nFifty\tpercent\tof\theart\tattacks\toccur\tin\tindividuals\twith\tnormal\tserum\tcholesterol,\twhich\thas\tled\tto\nresearch\ton\tother\trisk\tmarkers.\tIncreasing\tknowledge\tabout\tthe\trole\tof\tinflammation\tin\tASCVD\ngives\tcredence\tto\tthe\tuse\tof\tinflammatory\tmark...
[ -0.02290503680706024, -0.10289577394723892, 0.003906380385160446, -0.016910376027226448, -0.0958319827914238, -0.038093701004981995, 0.0736798569560051, 0.024807412177324295, 0.0321887731552124, 0.043371446430683136, 0.089113749563694, -0.03574143722653389, 0.07016955316066742, 0.000557509...
in\nasymptomatic\tindividuals\tor\tthe\textent\tof\tatherosclerosis\tin\tpatients\twith\tsymptoms.\tSeveral\nmarkers\thave\tbeen\tsuggested\t(\nBox\t32.3\n),\tand\tresearch\tcontinues\tto\tlook\tat\tthe\teffects\tof\tdiet\ton\nthese\tbiomarkers.\tPlasma\tlevels\tof\tomega-3\tfatty\tacids\tare\tinversely\tassociated\twi...
[ 0.022476619109511375, -0.05334428697824478, 0.05065428093075752, -0.011413675732910633, -0.15682998299598694, -0.026326145976781845, 0.06350207328796387, 0.021429454907774925, 0.015318358317017555, 0.005588363856077194, 0.08895279467105865, -0.023750722408294678, 0.026516269892454147, 0.01...
inflammatory\tmarkers\tC-reactive\tprotein\t(hs-CRP),\tinterleukin-6\t(IL-6),\tfibrinogen,\tand\nhomocysteine\t(\nKalogeropoulos\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\tAn\tinflammatory\tmarker\tspecific\tto\tvascular\ninflammation\thas\tbecome\tavailable.\tThe\tPLAC™\ttest\tmeasures\tLp-PLA2\t(\nJellinger\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tLp-
[ -0.015694620087742805, -0.050928838551044464, 0.020191270858049393, 0.00663550803437829, -0.013638925738632679, 0.043709225952625275, 0.046773966401815414, 0.14598938822746277, 0.021602103486657143, 0.06330820918083191, 0.02366064488887787, 0.011652962304651737, 0.04148344695568085, 0.1082...
Jellinger\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tLp-\nPLA2\tlevels\tindicate\tASCVD\trisk\tindependent\tfrom\tother\tmarkers\tand\tprovides\tinformation\ton\tthe\nrelationship\tbetween\tinflammation\tand\tatherosclerosis\t(see\t\nChapters\t5\n\tand\t\n7\n).\nBOX\t32.3\nInflammatory\tMarkers\tfor\tCardiovascular\tRisk\nGenetic\tmarkers:\ta...
[ -0.03310652822256088, -0.067798912525177, 0.03992781415581703, -0.015191998332738876, -0.07135596871376038, 0.0011009031441062689, 0.07526274025440216, 0.06563210487365723, 0.004873480182141066, 0.059511564671993256, 0.09548653662204742, -0.04071696102619171, 0.0017934199422597885, 0.07988...
Genetic\tmarkers:\tangiotensin\n\tII\treceptor\ttype-1\tpolymorphism\nOxidized\tlow-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol\nAdhesion\tmolecules\nSelectins\nFree\tfatty\tacids\nCytokines\nInterleukin-1\nInterleukin-6\nTumor\tnecrosis\tfactor-alpha\nAcute-phase\treactants\nFibrinogen\nC-reactive\tprotein\nSerum\tamyloid\tA\nW...
[ -0.04174356162548065, -0.10146863758563995, -0.03320795297622681, -0.00792910810559988, -0.09157576411962509, 0.01809663511812687, 0.014367497526109219, 0.14530907571315765, -0.04121958464384079, 0.03881862014532089, 0.05082332715392113, -0.02976708486676216, 0.0059253741055727005, 0.04767...
Serum\tamyloid\tA\nWhite\tblood\tcell\tcount\nErythrocyte\tsedimentation\trate\nTrimethylamine\tN-oxide\t(TMAO)
[ 0.012040133588016033, -0.04543415457010269, -0.0012327367439866066, -0.02769232727587223, -0.024806199595332146, 0.015174776315689087, 0.11495647579431534, 0.13869339227676392, -0.048512089997529984, 0.022628823295235634, 0.08311615884304047, -0.09929730743169785, -0.005916389636695385, 0....
Derived\tfrom\tFung\tMM,\tet\tal:\n\tEarly\tinflammatory\tand\tmetabolic\tchanges\tin\tassociation\twith\tAGTR1\npolymorphisms\tin\tprehypertensive\tsubjects,\t\nAm\tJ\tHypertens\n\t24:225,\t2011;\tPearson\tTA,\tet\tal:\tMarkers\tof\ninflammation\tand\tcardiovascular\tdisease:\tapplication\tto\tclinical\tand\tpublic\th...
[ -0.011542806401848793, -0.06891848891973495, 0.04856778681278229, -0.042756352573633194, -0.11522378027439117, -0.027814168483018875, 0.04615561291575432, 0.08404161781072617, 0.019697384908795357, 0.0540010891854763, 0.09985528886318207, -0.032056741416454315, -0.018184076994657516, 0.072...
for\thealthcare\tprofessionals\tfrom\tthe\tCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\tand\tthe\tAmerican\tHeart\nAssociation,\t\nCirculation\n\t107:499,\t2003.\nFibrinogen.\nMost\tMIs\tare\tthe\tresult\tof\tan\tintracoronary\tthrombosis.\tProspective\tstudies\thave\tshown\tthat\tplasma
[ -0.0053666867315769196, -0.002119842916727066, 0.05361911654472351, -0.015503049828112125, -0.0814114436507225, 0.03542035073041916, 0.08731056749820709, -0.0029062952380627394, -0.017552295699715614, 0.04559611529111862, 0.09627985209226608, -0.09391528367996216, -0.03154359385371208, 0.0...
fibrinogen\tis\tan\tindependent\tpredictor\tof\tASCVD\trisk.\tFactors\tassociated\twith\tan\televated\tfibrinogen\nare\tsmoking,\tdiabetes,\thypertension,\tobesity,\tsedentary\tlifestyle,\televated\ttriglycerides,\tand\tgenetic\nfactors.\tMore\tclinical\ttrials\tare\tneeded\tto\tdetermine\twhether\n\tfibrinogen\tis\tin...
[ -0.009717640466988087, -0.0659673884510994, 0.06927868723869324, 0.007560348138213158, -0.05114714428782463, 0.03896214812994003, 0.10733538866043091, 0.04597654566168785, -0.03151358664035797, 0.08082376420497894, 0.09808491915464401, -0.07426582276821136, -0.032618749886751175, 0.0459172...
fibrinogen\tis\tinvolved\tin\tatherogenesis\nor\tis\tjust\ta\tmarker\tof\tvascular\tdamage.\tBlood\tthrombogenicity\tincreases\twith\thigh\tLDL\tcholesterol\nand\tin\tdiabetes.\nC-reactive\tprotein.\nC-reactive\tprotein\n\t(hs-CRP)\tis\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tas\tthe\tacute-phase\tresponse\tto\tinflammation.\nThe...
[ -0.044242218136787415, -0.11634565889835358, 0.022890238091349602, -0.012931426987051964, -0.08850033581256866, 0.04924118146300316, 0.03878713399171829, 0.12071084976196289, -0.028283843770623207, 0.08922529965639114, 0.037587132304906845, -0.04868937283754349, -0.014501305297017097, 0.08...
The\t\nhs\n\trefers\tto\thuman\tserum.\tIn\ta\tnormal\tindividual\twithout\tinfection\tor\tinflammation,\ths-CRP\nlevels\tare\tvery\tlow,\n\tless\tthan\t0.6\tmg/dL.\tBecause\tatherogenesis\tis\tan\tinflammatory\tprocess,\ths-CRP\nhas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tbe\televated\t(>3\tmg/dL)\tin\tpeople\twith\tangina,\tMI,\tstroke,\t...
[ -0.02371114306151867, -0.050458669662475586, 0.06462030857801437, -0.05746270716190338, -0.10856052488088608, -0.018652698025107384, 0.11887465417385101, 0.04318905994296074, -0.009921829216182232, 0.06003326550126076, 0.11622074991464615, -0.05350867658853531, 0.011343397200107574, 0.0503...
disease;\tthe\televated\tlevels\tare\tindependent\tof\tother\trisk\tfactors\t(see\t\nChapter\t5\n).\tDespite\ta\tlack\tof\nspecificity\tfor\tthe\tcause\tof\tthe\tinflammation,\tdata\tfrom\tmore\tthan\t30\tepidemiologic\tstudies\thave\nshown\tsignificant\tassociation\n\tbetween\televated\tblood\tlevels\tof\ths-CRP\tand\...
[ -0.0004631789051927626, -0.05112925171852112, 0.04131166264414787, -0.03593514859676361, -0.1046816036105156, 0.013571958057582378, 0.07158476859331131, 0.02936510555446148, -0.019291555508971214, 0.07189694792032242, 0.12377863377332687, -0.051887452602386475, 0.038439590483903885, 0.0235...
atherosclerosis\t(\nMorrow\tand\tCrea,\t2014\n).\nHs-CRP\tlevels\tare\tcategorized\tfor\trisk\tas\tlow\t(<1\tmg/L),\taverage\t(2\tto\t3\tmg/L),\tand\thigh\t(>3\tmg/L)\nafter\tthe\taverage\tof\ttwo\tmeasurements\tare\ttaken\tat\tleast\t2\tweeks\tapart.\tThe\tMediterranean\tdiet\npattern\t(\nAppendix\t23\n)\tis\tmost\tef...
[ -0.01607392728328705, -0.06881757825613022, 0.06370601058006287, -0.044505007565021515, -0.09886690974235535, -0.03370523452758789, 0.07120304554700851, 0.05952034518122673, -0.025078095495700836, 0.010670244693756104, 0.05784852057695389, -0.01840496063232422, 0.05792161077260971, 0.01888...
Hypertension\tmodel\t(described\tlater\tin\tthe\tchapter\tand\tin\t\nAppendix\t17\n)\tand\tthe\tplant\tnutrition\nmodel\talso\thave\tproven\tto\tbe\tbeneficial.\tThe\tdata\ton\tlow-fat\tand\tlow-carbohydrate\tdiets\tare\ninconclusive\t(\nLee\tet\tal,\t2014\n;\t\nSmidowicz\tand\tRegula,\t2015\n).\nHomocysteine.\nHomocys...
[ -0.02486107498407364, -0.03718392923474312, -0.05660543963313103, 0.03171505033969879, -0.027033241465687752, 0.020134128630161285, 0.014411503449082375, 0.09570318460464478, -0.015851223841309547, -0.016963480040431023, 0.0891764760017395, -0.009582198224961758, -0.030878353863954544, 0.0...
;\t\nSmidowicz\tand\tRegula,\t2015\n).\nHomocysteine.\nHomocysteine\n\tis\tan\tamino\tacid\tmetabolite\tof\tmethionine.\tElevated\tcirculating\ttotal\thomocysteine\n(tHcy)\tconcentrations\thave\tbeen\tregarded\n\tas\tan\tindependent\trisk\tfactor\tfor\tCVD.\tHowever,\tseveral\nlarge\tclinical\ttrials\tto\tcorrect\thype...
[ -0.019212951883673668, -0.0583290196955204, -0.02263825014233589, 0.012051564641296864, -0.03581903502345085, 0.024772798642516136, 0.04772159457206726, 0.07384193688631058, -0.00031330922502093017, 0.006140508688986301, 0.08949338644742966, 0.00476250471547246, 0.004880124237388372, 0.018...
acid)\thave\tlargely\tfailed\tto\treduce\tthe\trisk\tof\tCVD\t(\nBaggot\tand\tTamura,\t2015\n).\nAlthough\tsome\tevidence\tsuggests\tthat\thomocysteine\tmay\tpromote\tatherosclerosis,\tno\tcausal\tlink\nhas\tbeen\testablished.\tAnd\tit\tappears\tmore\tlikely\tthat\tincreased\n\thomocysteine\tlevels\tare\tmarkers\nrathe...
[ 0.019778233021497726, -0.07339262217283249, 0.045941583812236786, -0.02312760427594185, -0.08783461898565292, 0.03771818429231644, 0.07271502166986465, 0.02507954277098179, 0.005607609637081623, 0.027873262763023376, 0.09729810059070587, -0.007597641088068485, 0.048119328916072845, 0.00250...
6\n\tand\tB\n12\n,\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\nlower\thomocysteine\tlevels\tin\tsome\tindividuals\tand\tis\tbeing\tinvestigated\tactively\tas\ta\ttreatment\tfor\nCVD\tbut\tas\tof\tnow\tis\tnot\twidely\trecommended.\nTrimethylamine-N-oxide.\nTrimethylamine-N-oxide\t(TMAO)\n\tis\ta\tgut\tmicrobiota-dependent\tmetabolite\ttha...
[ -0.022214239463210106, -0.04974118992686272, 0.004454720299690962, -0.011718317866325378, -0.005456055048853159, 0.05684242025017738, 0.06978844106197357, 0.06679649651050568, -0.03267999365925789, 0.034466106444597244, 0.06122145056724548, -0.006280368193984032, -0.02767059952020645, 0.04...
heart\n\tdisease\t(\nTang\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tIt\tis\tproduced\tby\tthe\tliver\tafter\tintestinal\tbacteria\thave\tdigested\nanimal\tprotein.\tTMAO\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tpredict\tcardiac\trisk\tin\tindividuals\tnot\tidentified\tby\ntraditional\trisk\tfactors\tand\tblood\ttests.\tThis\tis\tspeculated\tto\tbe\ta\tfactor...
[ -0.02234535478055477, -0.04298008233308792, 0.06330367922782898, -0.050473690032958984, -0.1379241943359375, 0.008519317954778671, 0.03656861558556557, -0.020281929522752762, -0.004368110094219446, 0.07265928387641907, 0.12244044989347458, -0.06898954510688782, -0.0031747811008244753, 0.02...
that\ta\tplant-based\tdiet\tis\tcardioprotective\tcompared\twith\tone\tthat\tincludes\tanimal\tsources\t(\nTuso,\n2015\n).\nLifestyle\tguidelines\nLifestyle\tmodification\tremains\tthe\tbackbone\tof\tCVD\tprevention\tand\ttreatment.\tAdhering\tto\ta\theart-\nhealthy\tdiet,\tregular\texercising,\tavoidance\tof\ttobacco\...
[ -0.02735881507396698, -0.03441841900348663, 0.04075232148170471, -0.03863510489463806, -0.084621861577034, -0.011080669239163399, 0.08270128071308136, 0.007953082211315632, -0.029524583369493484, 0.02721407823264599, 0.11303266137838364, -0.03543563187122345, 0.03789055719971657, -0.017257...
are\tknown\tlifestyle\tfactors\tthat,\talong\twith\tgenetics,\tdetermine\tCVD\trisk.\tThree\tcritical\tquestions\n(CQs)\twere\taddressed\tin\tthe\t2013\tACC/AHA\tlifestyle\tmodification\tguidelines.\n\tCQ1\tpresents\tevidence\non\tdietary\tpatterns\tand\tmacronutrients\tand\ttheir\teffect\ton\tblood\tpressure\tand\tlip...
[ -0.039191294461488724, -0.01285815704613924, -0.00527412723749876, -0.02011551335453987, -0.058236923068761826, 0.010967929847538471, 0.0840691402554512, -0.00706378323957324, -0.009805145673453808, 0.021983012557029724, 0.10352777689695358, -0.06634516268968582, 0.05555596202611923, -0.01...
evidence\ton\tthe\teffect\tof\tdietary\tsodium\tand\tpotassium\tintake\ton\tblood\tpressure\tand\tCVD\toutcomes,\nand\tCQ3\tpresents\tthe\tevidence\ton\tthe\teffect\tof\tphysical\tactivity\ton\tlipids\tand\tblood\tpressure.\tThe\nrecommendations\tare\tsummarized\tin\t\nBox\t32.4\n.\nBOX\t32.4\nSummary\tof\tAmerican\tCo...
[ -0.02715195342898369, -0.022732853889465332, 0.07137755304574966, -0.0008241173345595598, -0.04256456717848778, -0.0034730201587080956, 0.024718336760997772, -0.016014156863093376, 0.015428854152560234, 0.050606295466423035, 0.07868669182062149, -0.11096882075071335, 0.02231149561703205, 0...
BOX\t32.4\nSummary\tof\tAmerican\tCollege\n\t\nof\tCardiology\t(ACC)/\tAmerican\nHeart\tAssociation\t(AHA)\tRecommendations\tfor\tLifestyle\nManagement\nDiet\nLDL-C\nAdvise\tadults\twho\twould\tbenefit\tfrom\tLDL-C\tlowering\tto\n1.\t\nConsume\ta\tdietary\tpattern\tthat\temphasizes\tintake\tof\tvegetables,\tfruits,\tan...
[ 0.03327539190649986, -0.02265213243663311, 0.05392171069979668, -0.03089817427098751, -0.09949404001235962, 0.005625283811241388, 0.04829457029700279, -0.05192213132977486, -0.00847842451184988, 0.07132545113563538, 0.10715561360120773, -0.08684392273426056, 0.020728951320052147, 0.0065859...