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Fig.\t3.2\n\tin\nChapter\t3\n).\tOverhydration\tis\tcaused\tby\tan\tincrease\tin\tcapillary\thydrostatic\tpressure\tor\tcapillary\npermeability,\tor\ta\tdecrease\tin\tcolloid\tosmotic\tpressure.\tIt\toften\tis\tassociated\twith\trenal\tfailure,\nchronic\theart\tfailure,\tcirrhosis\tof\tthe\tliver,\tCushing’s\tsyndrome,...
[ -0.040447134524583817, -0.05256952345371246, 0.061208903789520264, 0.007250548340380192, -0.033797942101955414, 0.008311483077704906, 0.07069023698568344, 0.01879454031586647, -0.005740464199334383, 0.06097675859928131, 0.07479240745306015, -0.05504265055060387, 0.022876247763633728, 0.044...
intravenous\tfluids,\tand\texcessive\tintake\tof\tsodium-containing\tfood\tor\tmedications.\tCharacteristics\ninclude\trapid\tweight\tgain,\tperipheral\tedema,\tdistended\tneck\tveins,\tslow\temptying\tof\tperipheral\nveins,\ta\tbounding\tand\tfull\tpulse,\trales\tin\tthe\tlungs,\tpolyuria,\tascites,\tand\tpleural\teff...
[ 0.011451106518507004, -0.053889043629169464, 0.06057713180780411, 0.030188381671905518, -0.07311288267374039, -0.03649984672665596, 0.09787524491548538, 0.03747944161295891, -0.021388383582234383, 0.030936704948544502, 0.09107501804828644, -0.047297216951847076, 0.053092874586582184, 0.030...
edema\tmay\toccur\tin\tsevere\tcases.\nLaboratory\tmeasures\tof\thydration\tstatus\tinclude\tserum\tsodium,\tblood\n\turea\tnitrogen\t(elevated\tout\nof\tproportion\tto\tserum\tcreatinine),\tserum\tosmolality,\tand\turine-specific\tgravity.\tAlthough\tthe\nlaboratory\ttests\tare\timportant,\tdecisions\tregarding\thydra...
[ -0.005862656980752945, -0.0353565588593483, 0.10096181184053421, 0.003366757184267044, -0.056944042444229126, -0.0065222615376114845, 0.06586790084838867, 0.0235772542655468, -0.013337516225874424, 0.06247744336724281, 0.08258070051670074, -0.04543454572558403, 0.04184440150856972, 0.01657...
conjunction\twith\tother\tinformation\tfrom\tphysical\texamination,\tnutrition-focused\tphysical\nexamination,\tand\tthe\tclinical\tcondition\tof\tthe\tpatient.\tIn\taddition,\tmany\tother\tlaboratories\n\tmay\tbe\naffected\tby\toverhydration\tor\tdehydration,\tand\taccurate\tinterpretation\tof\tlaboratory\tresults\tis...
[ 0.041438620537519455, -0.03652922064065933, 0.07090139389038086, -0.02862737886607647, -0.11516711860895157, -0.002011355711147189, 0.060878925025463104, -0.017814403399825096, 0.0008441212703473866, 0.02406330779194832, 0.08104989677667618, -0.009247172623872757, 0.03746894747018814, 0.04...
Inflammation\tand\tbiochemical\tassessment\nInflammation\n\tis\ta\tprotective\tresponse\tby\tthe\timmune\tsystem\tto\tinfection,\tacute\tillness,\ttrauma,\ntoxins,\tmany\tchronic\tdiseases,\tand\tphysical\tstress.\tBiochemical\tindices\tare\taffected\tby\tinflammation\nprimarily\n\tby\tredirection\tto\tsynthesis\tof\ta...
[ 0.012776287272572517, -0.11334094405174255, 0.03722049668431282, -0.015871385112404823, -0.0897805318236351, 0.06687409430742264, 0.09291597455739975, 0.09420620650053024, -0.007236011326313019, 0.11897055804729462, 0.025901904329657555, -0.03728152811527252, 0.037545688450336456, 0.074930...
immune\tresponse\tto\trelease\teicosanoids\tand\tcytokines,\twhich\tmobilize\tnutrients\trequired\tto\nsynthesize\t\npositive\tacute-phase\treactants\n\t(which\tincrease\tin\tresponse\tto\tinflammation)\tand\nleukocytes.\tCytokines\t(interleukin-1beta\t[IL-1β],\ttumor\tnecrosis\tfactor\talpha\t[TNF-α],\tinterleukin-6\n...
[ -0.03535452485084534, -0.034969743341207504, 0.007402455434203148, -0.017678221687674522, -0.06052420660853386, 0.06792843341827393, 0.06451087445020676, 0.10327575355768204, -0.0045672147534787655, 0.07901634275913239, 0.023344706743955612, -0.018491895869374275, 0.01982302963733673, 0.01...
[IL-6]),\tand\teicosanoids\n\t(prostaglandin\tE2\t[PGE2])\tinfluence\twhole-body\tmetabolism,\tbody\ncomposition,\tand\tnutritional\tstatus.\tCytokines\treorient\thepatic\tsynthesis\tof\tplasma\tproteins\tand\nincrease\tthe\tbreakdown\tof\tmuscle\tprotein\tto\tmeet\tthe\tdemand\tfor\tprotein\tand\tenergy\tduring\tthe
[ -0.014560947194695473, -0.057756416499614716, 0.024751899763941765, -0.031044358387589455, -0.06569012999534607, 0.009904933162033558, 0.08133376389741898, 0.09480123221874237, -0.013396205380558968, 0.07262120395898819, 0.06590427458286285, 0.01612059958279133, -0.04896590858697891, 0.022...
inflammatory\tresponse.\tMoreover,\tthere\tis\ta\tredistribution\tof\talbumin\tto\tthe\tinterstitial\ncompartment,\tresulting\tin\tedema.\tDeclining\tvalues\tof\n\tthe\t\nnegative\tacute-phase\treactants\n\t(i.e.,\nserum\talbumin,\tprealbumin,\tand\ttransferrin)\talso\treflect\tthe\tinflammatory\tprocesses\tand\tseveri...
[ 0.03451834246516228, -0.11433422565460205, 0.033404186367988586, -0.011901089921593666, -0.10212250053882599, 0.02846844680607319, 0.0720820501446724, 0.0517442561686039, 0.02854027971625328, 0.07655199617147446, 0.07098384201526642, 0.019087698310613632, 0.027226736769080162, 0.0790348947...
tissue\tinjury.\tIn\tthe\tacute\tinflammatory\tstate,\tnegative\tacute\tphase\treactant\tvalues\tdo\tnot\treflect\ncurrent\tdietary\tintake\tor\tprotein\tstatus\t(\nWhite\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\nCytokines\timpair\tthe\tproduction\tof\terythrocytes\tand\treorient\tiron\tstores\tfrom\themoglobin\tand
[ -0.011890973895788193, -0.07647163420915604, 0.021634899079799652, -0.06635965406894684, -0.10216335207223892, 0.04287039861083031, 0.10885652154684067, 0.0755540132522583, -0.031678736209869385, 0.13815250992774963, 0.07466452568769455, -0.025206075981259346, -0.02076716534793377, 0.09268...
serum\tiron\tto\tferritin.\tDuring\tinfection\tIL-1β\tinhibits\tthe\tproduction\tand\trelease\tof\ttransferrin\twhile\nstimulating\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\tferritin.\tTherefore\tlaboratory\ttest\tresults\tused\tto\tpredict\tthe\trisk\tof\nnutritional\tanemias\t(see\t\nChapter\t31\n)\tare\tnot\tuseful\tin\tassessing\tthe\tp...
[ -0.0016430554678663611, -0.04393422603607178, 0.030673135071992874, -0.0025167677085846663, -0.08193694800138474, 0.019912535324692726, 0.10032226890325546, 0.07255847752094269, -0.047426868230104446, 0.012692449614405632, 0.07275176048278809, -0.035741861909627914, 0.0009783514542505145, ...
response.\tRefer\tto\t\nChapter\t7\n\tfor\tmore\tinformation\ton\tthe\teffects\tof\tcytokines\ton\torgan\tsystems.\nAs\tthe\tbody\tresponds\tto\tacute\tinflammation,\tTNF-α,\tIL-1β,\tIL-6,\tand\tPGE2\tincrease\tto\ta\tset\nthreshold,\tthen\tIL-6\tand\tPGE2\tinhibit\tTNF-α\tsynthesis\tand\tIL-1β\tsecretion,\tcreating\ta...
[ -0.07207942754030228, -0.0788256973028183, 0.006526765413582325, -0.040944866836071014, -0.06231564283370972, 0.02117694914340973, 0.06446710228919983, 0.06089921295642853, -0.0004994866321794689, 0.05065656080842018, 0.07220986485481262, -0.05948884040117264, -0.04307486489415169, 0.02910...
feedback\tcycle.\tHepatic\tsynthesis\tof\tpositive\tacute-phase\treactants\tdiminishes,\tand\tsynthesis\tof\nnegative\tacute-phase\treactants\tincreases.\tAlbumin\tshifts\tfrom\tthe\tinterstitial\tcompartment\tto\tthe\nextravascular\tspace\n\twhere\tit\tcan\tbe\tmeasured\tas\tserum\talbumin.\tAlbumin\tin\tthe\tintersti...
[ -0.03467706963419914, -0.058698080480098724, 0.014225328341126442, -0.0193661879748106, -0.08307493478059769, 0.03232941776514053, 0.06133226305246353, 0.034105800092220306, -0.00421828031539917, 0.06671670824289322, 0.06942274421453476, -0.06778611242771149, 0.03900176286697388, -0.002200...
cannot\tbe\tmeasured,\ttherefore\talbumin\tis\tnot\ta\treliable\tmarker\tfor\tprotein\tstatus.\tIron\tstores\tshift\nfrom\tferritin\tto\ttransferrin\tand\themoglobin.\nMarkers\tof\tinflammation\nBiochemical\tmarkers\tof\tinflammation\tinclude\tpositive\tacute\tphase\treactants\tand\tnegative\tacute\nphase\treactants.\t...
[ 0.01796526461839676, -0.10626919567584991, 0.011873519979417324, -0.04885590076446533, -0.08872675150632858, 0.03383095562458038, 0.07950606942176819, 0.05687771737575531, -0.014333036728203297, 0.09374263137578964, 0.08845442533493042, -0.036979109048843384, 0.02300657331943512, 0.0884016...
phase\treactants.\tIn\tthe\tpresence\tof\tinflammation,\tthe\n\thepatic\tsynthesis\tof\tpositive\tacute-phase\nreactants\tis\t\nincreased\n\twhile\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\tthe\tnegative\tacute-phase\treactants\tis\t\ndepressed.\n\tSee\nTable\t5.4\n\tfor\tacute\tphase\treactants.\tAdditional\tmarkers\tof\toxidative\tstress\...
[ 0.0022225510329008102, -0.09026060998439789, 0.036666519939899445, -0.027010802179574966, -0.09304678440093994, 0.07317601144313812, 0.03052898868918419, 0.042258597910404205, -0.03535394370555878, 0.11189673840999603, 0.08327638357877731, -0.03288711979985237, 0.0076956297270953655, 0.050...
found\tin\t\nTable\t5.5\n.\nTABLE\t5.4\nAcute\tPhase\tReactants\nPositive\tAcute-Phase\tReactants\nNegative\tAcute-Phase\tProteins\nC-reactive\tprotein\nAlbumin\na\n-\n1\n\tantichymotrypsin\nTransferrin\na\n1\n-antitrypsin\nPrealbumin\t(transthyretin)\nHaptoglobins\nRetinol-binding\tprotein\nCeruloplasmin\nSerum\tamylo...
[ -0.030910708010196686, -0.0762581080198288, 0.010670549236238003, 0.0006008303025737405, -0.02674379013478756, 0.0734788104891777, 0.030416399240493774, 0.1057693138718605, -0.001002695644274354, 0.1087876409292221, 0.07126343995332718, -0.035100050270557404, -0.0020644241012632847, 0.1087...
Fibrinogen\nFerritin\nComplement\tand\tcomponents\tC3\tand\tC4\nOrosomucoid\nTABLE\t5.5\nAdvantages\tand\tDisadvantages\tof\tVarious\tBiomarkers\tof\tOxidative\tStress\nBiomarker\nAdvantages\nDisadvantages\nComments\nIsoPs\t(isoprostanes)\nCan\tbe\tdetected\tin\tvarious\tsamples\n(serum,\turine)\tand\thas\tbeen\nshown\...
[ 0.011597462929785252, -0.08594252169132233, 0.060965489596128464, -0.007043072488158941, -0.05183420330286026, 0.058398421853780746, 0.10959671437740326, 0.049950819462537766, -0.04948563873767853, 0.08226212859153748, 0.08590928465127945, -0.0772579163312912, -0.012011390179395676, 0.0838...
shown\tto\tbe\televated\tin\tthe\npresence\tof\ta\trange\tof\tCV\trisk\nfactors\nCurrent\tmethods\tof\nquantification\tare\nimpractical\tfor\nlarge-scale\nscreening.\nNo\tevidence\nlinking\tthis\nbiomarker\tto\nclinical\noutcomes\tyet.\nF\n2\n-IsoPs\tshow\nmost\tpotential\nMDA\t(mal-\nondialdehyde)\nTechnically\teasy\t...
[ -0.012196427211165428, -0.07955127209424973, 0.03356492146849632, -0.027133870869874954, -0.0521622970700264, -0.0006871671066619456, 0.03346957638859749, 0.05226916819810867, 0.0008819663198664784, 0.03817446157336235, 0.13834038376808167, -0.049272920936346054, 0.003209718270227313, 0.06...
spectrophotometrically\tusing\nthe\tTBARS\tassay\tELISA\tkits\tto\ndetect\tMDA\talso\thave\tgood\nperformance\nStudies\tshow\tMDA\tcan\tpredict\nTBARS\tassay\tis\nnonspecific\t(can\ndetect\taldehydes\nother\tthan\tMDA)\nand\tsample\npreparation\tcan\nShows\tpromise\tas\na\tclinical\nbiomarker;\nhowever,\tdoes\nnot\thav...
[ 0.009156313724815845, -0.0814092755317688, 0.03800949454307556, -0.045720312744379044, -0.060124993324279785, -0.0008904026472009718, 0.07178551703691483, 0.034105926752090454, -0.006388732697814703, 0.07564032077789307, 0.14329388737678528, -0.05032621696591377, 0.023942630738019943, 0.03...
progression\tof\tCAD\tand\tcarotid\natherosclerosis\tat\t3\tyears\ninfluence\tresults.\nimpact\ton\tthe\npathophysiology\nof\tCVD\nNitrotyrosine\t(3-\nNO2-tyr)\nHuman\tstudies\thave\tdemonstrated\nassociation\twith\tCAD\nindependent\tof\ttraditional\trisk\nfactors\nCirculating\tlevels\nare\tnot\nequivalent\tto\ntissue\...
[ 0.0022362989839166403, -0.09614746272563934, 0.028550224378705025, -0.03304262086749077, -0.1399509161710739, 0.01669583097100258, 0.03192577138543129, 0.043344371020793915, -0.005271841771900654, 0.08288168162107468, 0.0899517834186554, -0.02788661979138851, -0.0007100224611349404, 0.0619...
Current\tdetection\nmethods\tare\nexpensive\tand\nimpractical.\nNitrotyrosine\nformation\ton\nparticular\ncardiovascular\nproteins\thas\ndirect\teffect\ton\nfunction\nS-glutathionylation\nS-glutathionylation\n\tof\tSERCA,\neNOS\tand\tNa\n+\n–K\n+\n\tpump\ndemonstrated\tas\tbiomarkers\tas\nwell\tas\trole\tin\tpathogenes...
[ -0.003414436476305127, -0.10339158028364182, 0.015876447781920433, 0.0026612202636897564, -0.08547106385231018, 0.021135251969099045, 0.07186172902584076, 0.06932970881462097, -0.02462964504957199, 0.09597272425889969, 0.12014076858758926, -0.040127068758010864, 0.0006380971171893179, 0.07...
Detection\tof\tS-\nglutathionylation\nprone\tto\nmethodological\nartifact\nAccess\tto\ttissue\n(myocardium,\nvasculature),\nwhere\nmodification\noccurs\tpresents\ta\nclinical\tobstacle\nModified\nhemoglobin\ncurrently\tbeing\ninvestigated\tas\nbiomarker\nMyeloperoxidase\n(MPO)\nCommercial\tassays\tavailable.\tAn\nenzym...
[ -0.004959280602633953, -0.06864552199840546, -0.004882763605564833, -0.00763984490185976, -0.05633774772286415, 0.015231765806674957, 0.06998126208782196, 0.02306876704096794, -0.03620545193552971, 0.09402252733707428, 0.11183235794305801, -0.037464600056409836, 0.0004405891231726855, 0.08...
enzyme\tabundant\tin\n\tgranules\tin\ninflammatory\tcells.\tStrong\nevidence\tthat\tMPO\tcorrelates\nwith\tCVD\trisk\nInfluenced\tby\nsample\tstorage\nand\ttime\tto\nanalysis\nMPO\tis\ta\npromising\nbiomarker\tfor\nCVD\trisk\nprediction\nOxidized\tLDL\ncholesterol\n(OxLDL)\nForms\tand\toccurs\tin\tvascular\twalls\nas\t...
[ -0.03262193500995636, -0.11808828264474869, -0.014111418277025223, -0.04420434311032295, -0.06863554567098618, 0.008050852455198765, 0.005871253553777933, 0.08036871254444122, -0.01020535547286272, 0.06477116793394089, 0.09594385325908661, -0.029901908710598946, 0.006716315634548664, 0.072...
as\tfoam\tcells\tand\tstimulates\nproduction\tof\tproinflammatory\ncytokines\tby\tendothelial\tcells.\nElevated\tin\tCAD,\tincreasing\nOxLDL\tcorrelates\twith\nincreasing\tclinical\tseverity.\tAlso\nis\tpredictive\tof\tfuture\tCAD\tin\nhealthy\tpopulation.\tGood\nreproducibility\tfrom\tfrozen\nsamples\nReduction\tin\tO...
[ -0.011365506798028946, -0.11712906509637833, 0.020742999389767647, -0.027302373200654984, -0.08722516894340515, 0.02379653789103031, 0.06527933478355408, 0.04523950442671776, -0.02708366885781288, 0.06440897285938263, 0.0966666042804718, -0.030777093023061752, 0.02332712709903717, 0.076955...
by\tantioxidant\npharmacotherapy\nhas\tnot\tbeen\nmatched\tby\nreduction\tin\tCVD\nseverity.\nELISAs\tfor\tOxLDL\ndetection\nreadily\tavailable\nROS-induced\nchanges\tto\tgene\nexpression\nThe\texpression\tof\tseveral\tgenes\ninvolved\tin\tregulating\toxidative\nstress\tmay\tbe\n\tmeasured\nsimultaneously\tusing\tmicro...
[ -0.016794713214039803, -0.062232375144958496, 0.023095283657312393, 0.021738020703196526, -0.03038189373910427, 0.02507891319692135, 0.09528116881847382, 0.02340680919587612, -0.03254394605755806, 0.06278162449598312, 0.10225045680999756, 0.013616673648357391, 0.048247285187244415, 0.03145...
technology,\tpotentially\nincreasing\tthe\tpower\tof\tthis\nbiomarker\nMicroarray\ntechnology\tcan\nbe\tmanually\tand\ncomputationally\nexpensive\nIt\tis\tunclear\tif\nexpression\nprofiles\tof\tcells\nin\tbiologic\nsamples\treflect\nthat\tin\ncardiovascular\ntissues\nSerum\tantioxidant\ncapacity\nActivity\tof\tantioxid...
[ -0.005796593148261309, -0.09371025860309601, 0.010950629599392414, 0.018576500937342644, -0.04610026627779007, 0.03314483165740967, 0.07405686378479004, 0.057301115244627, -0.04945458471775055, 0.09264378249645233, 0.07575077563524246, -0.035478487610816956, -0.014915267005562782, 0.041740...
Activity\tof\tantioxidant\tenzymes\nsuch\tas\tglutathione\tperoxidase\t1\n(GPX-1)\tand\tsuperoxide\ndismutase\t(SOD)\tare\ndemonstrated\tto\tbe\tinversely\nproportional\tto\tCAD.\nCommercial\tkits\tavailable\tto\nmeasure\tantioxidant\tcapacity.\nReproducibly\tquantified\tdespite\nfrozen\tsample\tstorage\nAntioxidant\ta...
[ 0.0029637152329087257, -0.10163542628288269, 0.02910308539867401, 0.010611436329782009, -0.01055974792689085, 0.03970777243375778, 0.06143182888627052, 0.018665190786123276, -0.018703587353229523, 0.061032459139823914, 0.08691868931055069, -0.012473058886826038, -0.014039703644812107, 0.04...
in\tserum\tmay\tnot\nreflect\tthat\tof\tthe\ncells\tthat\tare\nimportant\tto\tthe\npathogenesis\tof\nCVD\nClinical\trelevance\nof\tantioxidant\nquantification\tto\nCVD\trisk\tneeds\nfurther\ninvestigation\nCAD\n,\tCoronary\n\tartery\tdisease;\t\nCV\n,\tcardiovascular;\t\nCVD\n,\tcardiovascular\tdisease;\t\nELISA\n,\ten...
[ 0.008556382730603218, -0.09434253722429276, 0.006318267900496721, -0.06386420875787735, -0.09295827895402908, 0.011100031435489655, 0.020637473091483116, 0.048876289278268814, -0.02632737159729004, 0.09166464954614639, 0.09578171372413635, -0.04072245955467224, 0.0016544840764254332, 0.042...
ELISA\n,\tenzyme-linked\timmunosorbent\tassay;\t\nTBARS\n,\nthiobarbituric\tacid\t(TBA)\treacting\tsubstances;\t\neNOS\n,\tendothelial\tnitric\toxide\tsynthase;\t\nGPX-1\n,\tglutathione\tperoxidase-1,\t\nROS\n,\treactive\toxygen\nspecies;\t\nSERCA\n,\tsarcoplasmic\treticulum\tCa\n2+\n\t-ATPase,\t\nSOD\n,\tsuperoxide\td...
[ -0.03740811347961426, -0.059459138661623, 0.002969699678942561, -0.048143867403268814, -0.05318343639373779, 0.00936831347644329, 0.02079831436276436, 0.09545359760522842, -0.027652794495224953, 0.07606472074985504, 0.022072916850447655, -0.026426006108522415, 0.006285029463469982, 0.11028...
,\tsarcoplasmic\treticulum\tCa\n2+\n\t-ATPase,\t\nSOD\n,\tsuperoxide\tdismutase.\nAdapted\tfrom\tHo\tE\tet\tal:\tBiological\tmarkers\tof\toxidative\tstress:\n\tapplications\tto\tcardiovascular\tresearch\tand\tpractice,\t\nRedox\tBiology\n\t1:483,\t2013.\nPositive\tacute\tphase\treactants\nC-reactive\tprotein\nC-reactiv...
[ -0.020909829065203667, -0.08468910306692123, 0.030235789716243744, -0.024754341691732407, -0.05158005654811859, 0.059874940663576126, 0.011905957013368607, 0.1235077753663063, -0.008335227146744728, 0.09718986600637436, 0.026568813249468803, -0.02886381931602955, 0.013696825131773949, 0.09...
C-reactive\tprotein\nC-reactive\tprotein\t(CRP)\n\tis\ta\tnonspecific\tmarker\tof\tinflammation\tthat\tmay\thelp\testimate\tand\nmonitor\tthe\tseverity\tof\tillness.\t\nHigh-sensitivity\tCRP\t(hs-CRP)\n\tis\ta\tmore\tsensitive\tmeasure\tof\nchronic\tinflammation\tseen\tin\tpatients\twith\tatherosclerosis\tand\tother\tc...
[ -0.02870473451912403, -0.08687731623649597, 0.03853236511349678, 0.011341468431055546, -0.05895226076245308, 0.045177578926086426, 0.04623202979564667, 0.14811080694198608, -0.002152866916731, 0.053842365741729736, 0.06605618447065353, -0.0260589849203825, 0.061306193470954895, 0.105812542...
diseases\t(\nWang\tet\tal,\n2017\n).\tAlthough\tthe\texact\tfunction\tof\tCRP\tis\tunclear,\tit\tincreases\tin\tthe\tinitial\tstages\tof\tacute\tstress\n—usually\twithin\t4\tto\t6\thours\tof\tsurgery\tor\tother\ttrauma.\tFurthermore,\tits\tlevel\tcan\tincrease\tas\tmuch\nas\t1000-fold,\tdepending\ton\tthe\tintensity\to...
[ -0.007289439905434847, -0.046068884432315826, 0.04500944912433624, -0.05299725756049156, -0.11946884542703629, -0.011426538228988647, 0.08079880475997925, 0.05174233764410019, -0.008731820620596409, 0.06476254016160965, 0.10801301151514053, -0.01756053790450096, 0.06879167258739471, 0.0455...
decrease,\tthe\tpatient\thas\tentered\tthe\tanabolic\tperiod\tof\tthe\tinflammatory\tresponse\n\tand\tthe\nbeginning\tof\trecovery\twhen\tmore\tintensive\tnutrition\ttherapy\tmay\tbe\tbeneficial.\tOngoing\tassessment\nand\tfollow-up\tare\trequired\tto\taddress\tchanges\tin\tnutrition\tstatus.
[ 0.06571461260318756, 0.012009434401988983, 0.07235585153102875, -0.0009258343488909304, -0.1117284819483757, 0.021312298253178596, 0.10305220633745193, 0.04472152888774872, 0.016192005947232246, 0.016742326319217682, 0.08846431970596313, 0.006796593312174082, 0.03010966256260872, 0.0459779...
Ferritin\nFerritin\n\tis\ta\tpositive\tacute-phase\tprotein,\tmeaning\tthat\tsynthesis\tof\tferritin\tincreases\tin\tthe\npresence\tof\tinflammation.\tFerritin\tis\tnot\ta\treliable\tindicator\tof\tiron\tstores\tin\tpatients\twith\tacute\ninflammation,\n\turemia,\tmetastatic\tcancer,\tor\talcoholic-related\tliver\tdise...
[ 0.013342354446649551, -0.10392044484615326, 0.017296405509114265, 0.0071318866685032845, -0.11741342395544052, 0.04867977648973465, 0.09973639249801636, 0.05758994445204735, -0.017601121217012405, 0.043516725301742554, 0.058908186852931976, -0.0033727127593010664, -0.00814172811806202, 0.0...
inflammatory\tmediators\tcan\tincrease\tferritin\tsynthesis,\tferritin\tleakage\tfrom\tcells,\tor\tboth.\nElevations\tin\tferritin\toccur\t1\tto\t2\tdays\tafter\tthe\tonset\tof\tthe\tacute\tillness\tand\tpeak\tat\t3\tto\t5\tdays.\tIf\niron\tdeficiency\talso\texists,\tit\tmay\tnot\tbe\tdiagnosed\tbecause\tthe\tlevel\tof...
[ 0.011930414475500584, -0.08126633614301682, 0.04079347848892212, -0.024161117151379585, -0.1168377548456192, 0.008981694467365742, 0.059510309249162674, 0.00815482810139656, -0.006346351932734251, 0.07610659301280975, 0.08027908205986023, 0.0021029331255704165, 0.04562173783779144, 0.04948...
elevated.\nErythrocyte\tsedimentation\trate\nErythrocyte\tsedimentation\trate\t(ESR)\n\treflects\tthe\trate\tat\twhich\tRBCs\tsettle\tinto\tcolumns\tor\nstacks\tin\ta\tsaline\tor\tplasma\twithin\ta\tgiven\ttime\tperiod.\tInflammatory\tprocesses\tlead\tto\tincreased\nweight\tof\tthe\tRBC\tand\tmore\tlikely\tto\tsettle\t...
[ -0.014136831276118755, -0.07549144327640533, 0.032670773565769196, -0.026863250881433487, -0.1427847445011139, -0.023488856852054596, 0.08537278324365616, 0.06370861083269119, -0.03181201219558716, 0.04468467831611633, 0.06927169859409332, -0.023768369108438492, 0.009907878004014492, 0.066...
differentiating\tdisease\tentities\tand\tis\talso\tused\tto\tmonitor\tdisease\ttherapy\t(i.e.,\n\tas\tESR\tincreases,\nthe\tdisease\tstate\tworsens)\t(\nLitchford,\t2017\n).\nNegative\tacute\tphase\treactants\nAlbumin\nAlbumin\n\tis\tresponsible\tfor\tthe\ttransport\tof\tmajor\tblood\tconstituents,\thormones,\tenzymes,
[ 0.0717179924249649, -0.029791412875056267, 0.05156335234642029, -0.06222941726446152, -0.09167176485061646, 0.04394088685512543, 0.07905623316764832, 0.016182739287614822, -0.01329690869897604, 0.10038920491933823, 0.09518684446811676, -0.07906980812549591, 0.015033308416604996, 0.09535036...
medications,\tminerals,\tions,\tfatty\tacids,\tamino\tacids,\tand\tmetabolites.\tA\tmajor\trole\tof\talbumin\tis\tto\nmaintain\tcolloidal\tosmotic\tpressure,\tproviding\tapproximately\t80%\tof\tcolloidal\tosmotic\tpressure\n\tof\nthe\tplasma.\tWhen\tserum\talbumin\tlevels\tdecrease,\tthe\twater\tin\tthe\tplasma\tmoves\...
[ -0.021169045940041542, -0.08367129415273666, 0.019599050283432007, -0.018044598400592804, -0.08279135823249817, -0.008927826769649982, 0.08214455842971802, 0.10655184835195541, 0.001377259730361402, 0.021611841395497322, 0.0420675091445446, 0.003026639111340046, 0.08035185933113098, 0.0711...
compartment\tand\tedema\tresults.\tThis\tloss\tof\tplasma\tfluid\tresults\tin\thypovolemia,\twhich\ttriggers\nrenal\tretention\tof\twater\tand\tsodium.\nAlbumin\thas\ta\thalf-life\tof\t18\tto\t21\tdays.\tLevels\tof\talbumin\tremain\tnearly\tnormal\tduring\nuncomplicated\tstarvation\tas\tredistribution\tfrom\tthe\tinter...
[ -0.018690716475248337, -0.04984621703624725, 0.03655480593442917, -0.01870882138609886, -0.0481443777680397, -0.03284228593111038, 0.07014819234609604, 0.019205009564757347, 0.003383590606972575, 0.044145938009023666, 0.09890798479318619, -0.031403299421072006, 0.03619995340704918, 0.04568...
plasma\toccurs.\tLevels\tof\nalbumin\tfall\tprecipitously\tin\tinflammatory\tstress\tand\toften\tdo\tnot\timprove\twith\taggressive\tnutrition\nsupport.\tSerum\tlevels\treflect\tthe\tseverity\tof\tillness\tbut\tdo\tnot\treflect\tcurrent\tprotein\tstatus\tor\tthe\neffects\tof\tnutrient-dense\tsupplemental\tnutrition.\tF...
[ 0.0053080106154084206, -0.100972980260849, 0.054881881922483444, 0.0023776341695338488, -0.0655767023563385, 0.036285534501075745, 0.08348233252763748, 0.0467986986041069, -0.0028755050152540207, 0.04360170662403107, 0.07307080179452896, -0.05138872563838959, 0.045039981603622437, 0.049061...
patient\tmay\thave\tlow\tlevels\tof\talbumin\tand\tthe\thepatic\ttransport\tproteins,\n\twhereas\ta\tpatient\twho\nhas\thad\tsignificant\tweight\tloss\tand\tundernutrition\tmay\thave\tnormal\tor\tclose\tto\tnormal\tlevels.\nAlbumin\tis\tvery\tsensitive\tto\thydration\tstatus,\tand\tthe\tpractitioner\tmust\tbe\taware\ta...
[ 0.014683250337839127, -0.010537647642195225, 0.03751927241683006, 0.004043017979711294, -0.06753833591938019, 0.013469155877828598, 0.06969399005174637, 0.03911769390106201, -0.012450817972421646, 0.012657726183533669, 0.12036533653736115, 0.011010066606104374, 0.06329721212387085, 0.03829...
true\tcause\tof\tan\televated\tor\tdepressed\talbumin\tlevel.\nAlbumin\tis\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tand\tis\ta\tmeasure\tof\tliver\tfunction.\tWhen\tdisease\taffects\tthe\nliver,\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\talbumin,\n\tby\tthe\thepatocytes,\tis\timpaired.\tBecause\tof\tthe\thalf-life\tof\talbumin,\nsignificant\tchanges\t...
[ -0.05086998641490936, -0.08608710020780563, 0.042472582310438156, -0.00956259947270155, -0.06395669281482697, 0.026090310886502266, 0.0640498548746109, 0.027248810976743698, -0.006890712305903435, 0.10706061124801636, 0.10260020941495895, -0.033188596367836, 0.0172054972499609, 0.047106008...
Prealbumin\t(transthyretin)\nPrealbumin\t(PAB)\n,\tofficially\t\ntransthyretin\t(TTHY)\n,\tis\ta\thepatic\tprotein\ttransported\tin\tthe\tserum\nas\ta\tcomplex\tof\tretinol-binding\tprotein\tand\tvitamin\tA.\tIt\ttransports\tthe\tthyroid\thormones\ntriiodothyronine\tand\tthyroxine\t(T\n4\n),\talong\n\twith\tT\n4\n-bind...
[ -0.04038127139210701, -0.10570714622735977, 0.0015010240022093058, -0.04653206467628479, -0.07973933219909668, 0.026371043175458908, 0.03288540616631508, 0.11645365506410599, -0.019868062809109688, 0.04544606804847717, 0.07381374388933182, -0.002502479823306203, -0.005657660774886608, 0.06...
with\tT\n4\n-binding\tglobulin.\tIt\thas\ta\tshort\thalf-life\t(t½\t=\t2\ndays),\tand\tcurrently\tit\tis\tconsidered\ta\tmarker\tof\tinflammation.\tLevels\tof\tPAB\tplummet\tin\ninflammatory\tstress\tand\tare\tnot\tsensitive\tmeasures\tto\tevaluate\tthe\teffectiveness\tof\taggressive\nnutrition\tsupport.\tMoreover,\tse...
[ 0.01719028688967228, -0.045611828565597534, 0.009705469012260437, -0.001966736512258649, -0.0657317042350769, 0.025909649208188057, 0.08825971186161041, 0.06305120140314102, 0.021852118894457817, 0.03931981697678566, 0.07638750225305557, -0.030985964462161064, 0.04534774273633957, 0.053274...
the\tintestines\tor\tkidneys.\tSerum\tlevels\tdo\tnot\treflect\n\tprotein\tstatus\tor\tthe\teffects\tof\trefeeding\tin\tthe\nindividual\twith\tdepleted\tprotein\treserves.\tSerum\tlevels\talso\tdecrease\tin\tthe\tpresence\tof\ta\tzinc\ndeficiency\tbecause\tzinc\tis\trequired\tfor\thepatic\tsynthesis\tand\tsecretion\tof...
[ -0.019338352605700493, -0.09025539457798004, 0.01707194373011589, -0.017579959705471992, -0.08333071321249008, 0.028238076716661453, 0.05188940092921257, 0.034202851355075836, -0.022291535511612892, 0.10413938760757446, 0.11437077820301056, -0.027674585580825806, 0.024849997833371162, 0.03...
from\tdietary\tintake\tand\tmedical\thistory,\tin\taddition\tto\tinflammation,\twhen\tinterpreting\tlow\tplasma\nPAB\tlevels.\nPAB\tlevels\tare\toften\tnormal\tin\tstarvation-related\n\tmalnutrition\tbut\tdecreased\tin\twell-nourished\nindividuals\twho\thave\tundergone\trecent\tstress\tor\ttrauma.\tDuring\tpregnancy,\t...
[ 0.002714528003707528, 0.004003305919468403, 0.026306618005037308, 0.010667848400771618, -0.0731186792254448, 0.032139379531145096, 0.05633304640650749, 0.040131114423274994, -0.060396142303943634, 0.04966961592435837, 0.09091413766145706, -0.03653787449002266, 0.023414745926856995, -0.0353...
levels\tstimulate\tPAB\tsynthesis\tand\tserum\tlevels\tmay\tincrease.\tIn\tnephrotic\tsyndrome,\tPAB\tlevels\nalso\tmay\tbe\tincreased.\tProteinuria\tand\thypoproteinemia\tare\tcommon\tin\tnephrotic\tsyndrome,\tand\nbecause\tPAB\tis\tsynthesized\trapidly,\ta\tdisproportionate\tpercentage\n\tof\tPAB\tcan\texist\tin\tthe...
[ -0.016522999852895737, -0.041911184787750244, 0.032482121139764786, -0.017097529023885727, -0.04382685571908951, 0.01991649717092514, 0.036537736654281616, 0.05537489801645279, -0.03851276636123657, 0.04420978203415871, 0.10228751599788666, -0.016677087172865868, 0.05151072517037392, 0.023...
whereas\tother\tproteins\ttake\tlonger\tto\tproduce\t(\nLitchford,\t2017\n).\nRetinol-binding\tprotein\nThe\thepatic\tprotein\twith\tthe\tshortest\thalf-life\t(t\t½\t=\t12\thr)\tis\t\nretinol-binding\tprotein\t(RBP)\n,\ta\nsmall\tplasma\tprotein\tthat\tdoes\tnot\tpass\tthrough\tthe\trenal\tglomerulus\tbecause\tit\tcirc...
[ -0.01503072027117014, -0.08584896475076675, 0.011265420354902744, -0.0484720841050148, -0.08680736273527145, -0.019001802429556847, 0.021218368783593178, 0.07308479398488998, 0.044921066612005234, 0.040945716202259064, 0.07781793177127838, 0.04381817951798439, 0.04565780237317085, 0.080220...
complex\twith\tPAB.\tAs\timplied\tby\tits\tname,\tRBP\tbinds\t\nretinol\n,\tand\ttransport\tof\n\tthis\tvitamin\tA\nmetabolite\tseems\tto\tbe\tits\texclusive\tfunction.\tRBP\tis\tsynthesized\tin\tthe\tliver\tand\treleased\twith\nretinol.\tAfter\tRBP\treleases\tretinol\tin\tperipheral\ttissue,\tits\taffinity\tfor\tPAB\t...
[ 0.017816675826907158, -0.06746366620063782, 0.046869173645973206, -0.04312557727098465, -0.0821346789598465, -0.020321179181337357, 0.10358259826898575, -0.012362590059638023, -0.020845899358391762, 0.06045949459075928, 0.0874057188630104, -0.03208259120583534, 0.03518044948577881, 0.04760...
dissociation\tof\tthe\tPAB-RBP\tcomplex\tand\tfiltration\tof\tapoprotein\t(apo)-RBP\tby\tthe\tglomerulus.\nThe\tplasma\tRBP\tconcentration\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tdecrease\tin\tstarvation-related\tmalnutrition.\nHowever,\tRBP\tlevels\talso\tfall\tin\tthe\tpresence\tof\tinflammatory\tstress\tand\tmay\tnot\timprove\twith
[ 0.010704727843403816, -0.09836407750844955, 0.023405248299241066, 0.005789507646113634, -0.09452251344919205, -0.007462246343493462, 0.07382243126630783, 0.0767865777015686, 0.01541974488645792, 0.021236151456832886, 0.10092376917600632, 0.01220425684005022, 0.028440766036510468, 0.0609393...
refeeding.\tRBP\tmay\tnot\treflect\tprotein\tstatus\tin\tacutely\tstressed\tpatients.\tIt\tmay\teven\tbe\televated\nwith\trenal\tfailure\tbecause\tthe\tRBP\tis\tnot\tbeing\tcatabolized\tby\tthe\trenal\ttubule.\nRBP4\tis\tan\tadipocyte-derived\tpeptide\tof\tRBP\tthat\tinfluences\tglucose\thomeostasis\tand\tlipoprotein\n...
[ 0.0038397496100515127, -0.0777597725391388, 0.02529420703649521, -0.020565437152981758, -0.09487912058830261, -0.007237419486045837, 0.06529219448566437, 0.0732189491391182, -0.014090199023485184, 0.035105541348457336, 0.12281916290521622, 0.030134357511997223, 0.004033553879708052, 0.0493...
metabolism.\tHuman\tclinical\n\ttrials\thave\tdemonstrated\tincreased\tRBP4\tlevels\tin\tobesity,\tinsulin\nresistance,\tgestational\tdiabetes,\tproliferative\tdiabetic\tretinopathy,\tand\tnondiabetic\tstage\t5\tchronic\nkidney\tdisease,\tischemic\tstroke,\tsuggesting\ta\tpossible\trelationship\tbetween\tthese\tconditi...
[ -0.013203699141740799, -0.08475401997566223, -0.00048368980060331523, 0.022571885958313942, -0.10206081718206406, -0.0028191031888127327, 0.0980796366930008, 0.07268612086772919, -0.07172336429357529, 0.06301341205835342, 0.05061707645654678, -0.032915160059928894, -0.03900125250220299, 0....
clinical\ttrials\tare\tneeded\tto\tdefine\tthis\trelationship\t(\nXun\tet\tal,\t2018\n;\t\nPerduca\tet\tal,\t2018\n;\t\nKlisić\tet\tal,\n2017\n;\t\nZhou\tet\tal,\t2017\n).
[ -0.04975448548793793, 0.013224148191511631, 0.021445956081151962, -0.08234037458896637, -0.08942373842000961, 0.03844280168414116, -0.0010720903519541025, 0.1059420257806778, 0.004907670430839062, 0.029682261869311333, 0.05606057494878769, -0.024736624211072922, -0.019580185413360596, 0.09...
Transferrin\nTransferrin\n\tis\ta\tglobulin\tprotein\tthat\ttransports\tiron\tto\tthe\tbone\tmarrow\tfor\tproduction\tof\nhemoglobin\t(Hgb)\n.\tThe\tplasma\ttransferrin\tlevel\tis\tcontrolled\tby\tthe\tsize\tof\tthe\tiron\tstorage\tpool.\nWhen\tiron\tstores\tare\tdepleted,\ttransferrin\tsynthesis\tincreases.\tIt\thas\t...
[ -0.06282453238964081, -0.0736120417714119, -0.005818899255245924, -0.06112176924943924, -0.021327706053853035, 0.0343790166079998, 0.06910178810358047, 0.05481495335698128, 0.012047067284584045, 0.04160253703594208, 0.10757733136415482, -0.02743137814104557, -0.009665471501648426, 0.048008...
than\talbumin.\tLevels\tdiminish\twith\tacute\tinflammatory\treactions,\tmalignancies,\tcollagen\n\tvascular\ndiseases,\tand\tliver\tdiseases.\tTransferrin\tlevels\treflect\tinflammation\tand\tare\tnot\tuseful\tas\ta\tmeasure\nof\tprotein\tstatus.\nImmunocompetence\nInflammation-related\tmalnutrition\tis\tassociated\tw...
[ 0.012440820224583149, -0.07238554954528809, 0.042562589049339294, -0.0075411018915474415, -0.11622177064418793, 0.005705188028514385, 0.08144886046648026, 0.0732569694519043, -0.011399535462260246, 0.035890255123376846, 0.09343282133340836, -0.033711571246385574, -0.0018623232608661056, 0....
depressed\tcell-mediated\timmunity,\tphagocyte\tdysfunction,\tdecreased\tlevels\tof\tcomplement\ncomponents,\treduced\tmucosal\tsecretory\tantibody\tresponses,\tand\tlower\n\tantibody\taffinity.\tAssessing\nimmunocompetence\t(i.e.,\teosinophils)\tis\talso\tuseful\tin\tthe\tpatient\twho\tis\tbeing\ttreated\tfor\tallergi...
[ -0.006327563431113958, 0.012654799036681652, 0.03456861898303032, 0.060652222484350204, -0.08932898193597794, 0.02782198041677475, 0.08509686589241028, 0.07792137563228607, 0.03418039157986641, -0.0014876862987875938, 0.02363050915300846, -0.019418319687247276, 0.020932944491505623, 0.0186...
(see\t\nChapter\t25\n).\nThere\tis\tno\tsingle\tmarker\tfor\timmunocompetence\texcept\tfor\tthe\tclinical\toutcome\tof\tinfection\tor\nallergic\tresponse.\tLaboratory\tmarkers\twith\ta\thigh\tdegree\tof\tsensitivity\tinclude\tvaccine-specific\nserum\tantibody\tproduction,\tdelayed-type\thypersensitivity\n\tresponse,\tv...
[ 0.0056663150899112225, -0.039836425334215164, 0.030321523547172546, -0.04895772412419319, -0.02402474731206894, -0.007672078441828489, 0.08583901077508926, 0.02539428323507309, -0.005587726831436157, 0.08792499452829361, 0.09099425375461578, -0.03172425180673599, 0.047318778932094574, 0.06...
response,\tvaccine-specific\tor\ttotal\nsecretory\timmunoglobulin\tA\tin\tsaliva,\tand\tthe\tresponse\tto\tattenuated\tpathogens.\tLess\tsensitive\nmarkers\tinclude\tnatural\tkiller\tcell\tcytotoxicity,\toxidative\tburst\tof\tphagocytes,\tlymphocyte\nproliferation,\tand\tthe\tcytokine\tpattern\tproduced\tby\tactivated\...
[ 0.0023226416669785976, -0.07405690848827362, 0.025280380621552467, -0.047391392290592194, -0.08824976533651352, 0.017522364854812622, 0.07206905633211136, 0.0802907794713974, 0.010697009973227978, 0.11234506964683533, 0.04873345047235489, -0.05051976069808006, 0.035672761499881744, 0.08755...
markers\tis\tcurrently\tthe\tbest\tapproach\tto\tmeasuring\timmunocompetence.\nAssessment\tfor\tnutritional\tanemias\nAnemia\tis\ta\tcondition\tcharacterized\tby\ta\treduction\tin\tthe\tnumber\tof\terythrocytes\tper\tunit\tof\tblood\nvolume\tor\ta\tdecrease\tin\tthe\tHgb\tof\tthe\tblood\tto\tbelow\tthe\tlevel\tof\tusua...
[ -0.005391754675656557, -0.06536444276571274, -0.006001895759254694, -0.02970784530043602, -0.06862444430589676, 0.03319824859499931, 0.0914735496044159, 0.05747262388467789, -0.05414485186338425, 0.06051414832472801, 0.07899438589811325, -0.03490794077515602, -0.009279165416955948, 0.03014...
convention,\tanemia\tis\tdefined\tas\tHgb\tconcentration\tbelow\tthe\t95th\tpercentile\tfor\thealthy\treference\npopulations\tof\tmen,\twomen,\tor\tage-grouped\tchildren.\tAnemia\tis\tnot\ta\tdisease\n\tbut\ta\tsymptom\tof\nvarious\tconditions,\tincluding\textensive\tblood\tloss,\texcessive\tblood\tcell\tdestruction,\t...
[ 0.004648589063435793, -0.04715563729405403, -0.03918961435556412, -0.041920606046915054, -0.0870075449347496, -0.010503065772354603, 0.07073792815208435, 0.05531936138868332, 0.026062823832035065, 0.05465530604124069, 0.07114990800619125, -0.031165484338998795, 0.01647438108921051, 0.03315...
blood\tcell\tformation.\tIt\tis\tobserved\tin\tmany\thospitalized\tpatients\tand\tis\toften\ta\tsymptom\tof\ta\tdisease\nprocess;\tits\tcause\tshould\tbe\tinvestigated.\tClinical\tnutritionists\tmust\tdistinguish\tbetween\tanemia\ncaused\tby\tnutritional\tinadequacies\tand\tthat\tcaused\tby\tother\tfactors\t(i.e.,\tdeh...
[ 0.017582010477781296, -0.04179910197854042, 0.049047064036130905, -0.008304687216877937, -0.10125847905874252, 0.00947583094239235, 0.09449072182178497, 0.02269848994910717, -0.03427483141422272, 0.038741584867239, 0.0809824988245964, -0.006167227402329445, -0.010157127864658833, 0.0402068...
masking\nfalsely\tlow\tblood\tvalues).\tSee\t\nChapter\t31\n\tfor\tdiscussion\tof\tthe\tmanagement\tof\tanemias.\nClassification\tof\tanemia\nNutritional\tdeficits\tare\ta\tmajor\tcause\t\nof\tdecreased\tHgb\tand\terythrocyte\tproduction.\tThe\tinitial\ndescriptive\tclassification\tof\tanemia\tis\tderived\tfrom\tthe\t\...
[ -0.010628513060510159, -0.0009418396512046456, 0.018280427902936935, -0.013272980228066444, -0.01755605824291706, 0.0270155668258667, 0.08557315170764923, 0.03846815600991249, -0.04619971662759781, 0.04915981367230415, 0.05856519564986229, -0.05005332827568054, -0.015804927796125412, 0.028...
hematocrit\t(Hct)\n\tvalue\tor\tCBC\tas\texplained\nin\t\nTable\t5.2\n.\tAnemias\tassociated\twith\ta\tmean\tRBC\tvolume\tof\tless\tthan\t80\n\tfl\t(femtoliters)\tare\nmicrocytic;\tthose\twith\tvalues\tof\t80\tto\t99\tfl\tare\tnormocytic;\tthose\tassociated\twith\tvalues\tof\t100\tfl\tor\nmore\tare\tmacrocytic\t(see\t\...
[ -0.017496177926659584, -0.02741609700024128, -0.00868394784629345, -0.002970897825434804, -0.05608215183019638, 0.0063885911367833614, 0.06771625578403473, 0.09593265503644943, -0.007089676801115274, 0.021913563832640648, 0.04524010419845581, -0.015679694712162018, 0.01577715203166008, 0.0...
).\tData\tfrom\tthe\tCBC\tare\thelpful\tin\tidentifying\tnutritional\ncauses\tof\tanemia.\t\nMicrocytic\tanemia\n\tis\tassociated\tmost\toften\twith\tiron\tdeficiency,\twhereas\nmacrocytic\tanemia\n\tgenerally\tis\tcaused\tby\teither\tfolate-\tor\tvitamin\tB\n12\n–deficient\terythropoiesis.
[ -0.02249358780682087, -0.027622031047940254, -0.020327748730778694, 0.00986882857978344, -0.06632966548204422, 0.03929057717323303, 0.07974319905042648, 0.06896038353443146, -0.0629219263792038, 0.058340806514024734, 0.04036959260702133, -0.022679578512907028, -0.014105303213000298, 0.0214...
12\n–deficient\terythropoiesis.\nHowever,\tbecause\tof\tthe\tlow\tspecificity\tof\tthese\tindexes,\tadditional\tdata\tare\tneeded\tto\tdistinguish\nbetween\tthe\tvarious\tnutritional\tcauses\tand\tnonnutritional\tcauses,\tsuch\tas\tthalassemia\ttrait\tand\nchronic\trenal\tinsufficiency.\tNormocytic\tanemia\tis\tassocia...
[ 0.037398811429739, -0.015547303482890129, 0.004181043244898319, 0.01927640289068222, -0.09091035276651382, 0.03029286116361618, 0.0694064125418663, 0.07896048575639725, -0.07629598677158356, 0.06355976313352585, 0.09891272336244583, 0.016503501683473587, 0.004949602298438549, 0.02920680679...
anemia\tof\tchronic\tand\ninflammatory\tdisease\t(ACD)\n.\tThis\ttype\tof\tanemia\tis\tassociated\twith\tautoimmune\tdiseases,\nrheumatic\tdiseases,\n\tchronic\theart\tfailure,\tchronic\tinfection,\tHodgkin’s\tdisease\tand\tother\ttypes\tof\ncancer,\tinflammatory\tbowel\tdisease,\tkidney\tdisease\tand\tother\tchronic\t...
[ 0.01549138780683279, -0.06290678679943085, 0.039706502109766006, 0.016248341649770737, -0.08907733857631683, 0.0330626517534256, 0.10991813987493515, 0.04499758034944534, -0.030548254027962685, 0.07668066024780273, 0.05690078064799309, -0.025768019258975983, 0.012898978777229786, 0.0444057...
severe\ttissue\tinjury,\tand\tmultiple\tfractures.\tACD\tdoes\tnot\trespond\tto\tiron\tsupplementation.\nOther\tinformation\tfrom\tthe\tCBC\tthat\thelps\tdifferentiate\tthe\tnonnutritional\tcauses\tof\tanemia\nincludes\tleukocyte,\treticulocyte,\tand\n\tplatelet\tcounts.\tWhen\tlevel\tof\tleukocytes,\treticulocytes,\ta...
[ 0.010000697337090969, -0.034031469374895096, 0.008651962503790855, -0.01908119022846222, -0.10414239764213562, 0.009515063837170601, 0.11183373630046844, 0.10966910421848297, -0.047137774527072906, 0.06886162608861923, 0.031107334420084953, 0.008994183503091335, 0.0027937781997025013, 0.02...
platelet\tcounts.\tWhen\tlevel\tof\tleukocytes,\treticulocytes,\tand\nplatelet\tcounts\tare\tlow,\tthe\tpattern\tof\tresults\tsuggests\tmarrow\tfailure.\tElevated\tlevels\tof\tleukocytes,\nreticulocytes,\tand\tplatelet\tcounts\tare\tassociated\twith\tanemia\tand\tlikely\tcaused\tby\tleukemia\tor
[ -0.0028800207655876875, -0.031030166894197464, 0.010614164173603058, -0.05512635409832001, -0.0726160779595375, 0.018975084647536278, 0.09610316902399063, 0.1000039353966713, -0.007488108240067959, 0.05993518605828285, 0.06892771273851395, -0.02917146123945713, -0.004114465322345495, 0.028...
infection.\tESR\ttesting\tis\tordered\twhen\tsymptoms\tare\tnonspecific\tand\tif\tinflammatory\tautoimmune\ndiseases\tare\tsuspected.\tReticulocytes\tare\tlarge,\n\tnucleated,\timmature\tRBCs\tthat\tare\treleased\tin\nsmall\tnumbers\twith\tmature\tcells.\tWhen\tRBC\tproduction\trates\tincrease,\treticulocyte\tcounts\ta...
[ 0.0032452831510454416, -0.06824727356433868, 0.014967057853937149, -0.08271466940641403, -0.08403442800045013, -0.004827503580600023, 0.09007533639669418, 0.09895208477973938, -0.008907011710107327, 0.09362760931253433, 0.07205784320831299, -0.0056440578773617744, 0.020224643871188164, 0.1...
increase.\tAny\ttime\tanemia\tis\taccompanied\tby\ta\thigh\treticulocyte\tcount,\televated\terythropoietic\nactivity\tin\tresponse\tto\tbleeding\tshould\tbe\tconsidered.\tIn\tsuch\tcases,\tstool\tspecimens\tcan\tbe\ttested\nfor\toccult\tblood\tto\trule\tout\tchronic\tGI\tblood\tloss.\tOther\tcauses\n\tof\ta\thigh\treti...
[ 0.05971197783946991, -0.06609787046909332, 0.060980767011642456, -0.001473891083151102, -0.1316819041967392, -0.019543712958693504, 0.1363353729248047, 0.016646115109324455, -0.06587912887334824, 0.08709964901208878, 0.06147808954119682, -0.03308180347084999, 0.012850331142544746, 0.045747...
of\ta\thigh\treticulocyte\tcount\tinclude\nintravascular\themolysis\tsyndromes\tand\tan\terythropoietic\tresponse\tto\ttherapy\tfor\tiron,\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\nor\tfolate\tdeficiencies.\nNormocytic\tor\tmicrocytic\tanemia\tmay\tbe\tcaused\tby\tchronic\tor\tacute\tblood\tloss,\tsuch\tas\tfrom
[ 0.04161493852734566, -0.013896229676902294, 0.013251202180981636, -0.023243771865963936, -0.09791503101587296, -0.021147647872567177, 0.07533899694681168, 0.075808085501194, -0.07751108705997467, 0.06710678339004517, 0.03460058197379112, -0.0074967509135603905, -0.0013129196595400572, 0.03...
recent\tsurgery,\tinjury,\tor\tfrom\tthe\tGI\ttract\tas\tindicated\tby\ta\tpositive\toccult\tstool\ttest.\tNote\tthat\tin\nthose\twith\themolytic\tanemias\tand\tearly\tiron\n\tdeficiency\tanemia,\tthe\tRBC\tsize\tmay\tstill\tbe\tnormal.\nMacrocytic\tanemias\tinclude\tfolate\tdeficiency\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficienc...
[ 0.020429305732250214, -0.027889318764209747, 0.03777756914496422, 0.0030916661489754915, -0.0769835039973259, 0.028782673180103302, 0.09911338239908218, 0.04571826756000519, -0.024506624788045883, 0.07373097538948059, 0.08309517055749893, 0.0021710447035729885, -0.0013884201180189848, 0.02...
12\n\tdeficiency.\tThe\tpresence\tof\tmacrocytic\nRBCs\trequires\tevaluation\tof\tfolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tstatus.\tDNA\tsynthesis\tis\taffected\tnegatively\tby\ndeficiencies\tof\tfolic\tacid\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12,\n\tresulting\tin\timpaired\tRBC\tsynthesis\tand\tmaturation\tof\nRBCs.\tThese\tchanges\tcause\tlarge...
[ 0.03542839735746384, -0.09601002931594849, 0.0131649449467659, -0.039037030190229416, -0.11940094083547592, 0.025050530210137367, 0.04637749493122101, 0.00831884890794754, -0.020051131024956703, 0.1100781187415123, 0.07998382300138474, -0.017807213589549065, 0.02065647579729557, 0.02289257...
to\tbe\treleased\tinto\tthe\tcirculation.\tAlthough\nvitamin\tB\n12\n–related\tanemia\tis\tcategorized\tas\ta\tmacrocytic\tnormochromic\tanemia,\tapproximately\n40%\tof\tthe\tcases\tare\tnormocytic.\nMarkers\tof\tiron\tdeficiency\tanemias
[ 0.005387721583247185, -0.04146836698055267, -0.03738701716065407, 0.004080460872501135, -0.05087867006659508, 0.02733275294303894, 0.09846577048301697, 0.09446331858634949, -0.07164447009563446, 0.014299444854259491, 0.03984105959534645, -0.016300329938530922, 0.016224760562181473, 0.02770...
Hematocrit\tor\tpacked\tcell\tvolume\tand\themoglobin\nHct\tand\tHgb\tare\tpart\tof\ta\troutine\tCBC\tand\tare\tused\ttogether\tto\tevaluate\tiron\tstatus.\tHct\tis\tthe\nmeasure\tof\tthe\tpercentage\tof\tRBCs\tin\ttotal\n\tblood\tvolume.\tUsually\tthe\tHct\tpercentage\tis\tthree\ttimes\nthe\tHgb\tconcentration\tin\tgr...
[ 0.015589764341711998, -0.04715956747531891, 0.022652607411146164, -0.02490767277777195, -0.08457379788160324, 0.01226838305592537, 0.10976859927177429, 0.029767315834760666, -0.014889094978570938, 0.06338533759117126, 0.06361190974712372, -0.027515104040503502, 0.00641950499266386, 0.00780...
count\tand\thydration\tstatus.\tIndividuals\tliving\tin\thigh\taltitudes\toften\thave\tincreased\tvalues.\tIt\tis\ncommon\tfor\tindividuals\tolder\tthan\tage\t50\tto\thave\tslightly\tlower\tlevels\tthan\tyounger\tadults.\nThe\tHgb\tconcentration\tis\ta\tmeasure\tof\tthe\ttotal\tamount\n\tof\tHgb\tin\tthe\tperipheral\tb...
[ 0.030729351565241814, -0.018735041841864586, 0.06490267813205719, -0.049218859523534775, -0.05478137359023094, 0.013421876356005669, 0.10931258648633957, -0.03226609155535698, -0.0007235174416564405, 0.10344139486551285, 0.08812392503023148, -0.04888158664107323, 0.06176574155688286, 0.013...
of\tHgb\tin\tthe\tperipheral\tblood.\tIt\tis\ta\nmore\tdirect\tmeasure\tof\tiron\tdeficiency\tthan\tHct\tbecause\tit\tquantifies\ttotal\tHgb\tin\tRBCs\trather\tthan\na\tpercentage\tof\ttotal\tblood\tvolume.\tHgb\tand\tHct\tare\tbelow\tnormal\tin\tthe\tfour\ttypes\tof\tnutritional\nanemias\tand\talways\tshould\tbe\teval...
[ 0.021158386021852493, -0.03993982449173927, 0.04160046577453613, -0.008589339442551136, -0.05873808264732361, 0.0030128727667033672, 0.10043579339981079, 0.006201361306011677, -0.004115122836083174, 0.08258593827486038, 0.058934006839990616, -0.012774682603776455, 0.03058473952114582, 0.03...
history\t(see\t\nChapter\t31\n).\nSerum\tferritin\nFerritin\tis\tthe\tstorage\n\tprotein\tthat\tsequesters\tthe\tiron\tnormally\tgathered\tin\tthe\tliver\n(reticuloendothelial\tsystem),\tspleen,\tand\tmarrow.\tAs\tthe\tiron\tsupply\tincreases,\tthe\tintracellular\tlevel\nof\tferritin\tincreases\tto\taccommodate\tiron\t...
[ 0.003907657228410244, -0.06191364675760269, 0.04922514036297798, -0.03514491766691208, -0.10762526094913483, 0.005033837631344795, 0.05212032049894333, 0.04960886761546135, 0.015654753893613815, 0.0857759341597557, 0.09480641782283783, -0.012058737687766552, -0.005147629417479038, 0.075425...
circulation.\tThis\tferritin\tcan\tbe\tmeasured\tby\tassays\tthat\tare\tavailable\tin\tmost\tclinical\tlaboratories.\nIn\tindividuals\twith\tnormal\n\tiron\tstorage,\t1\tng/mL\tof\tserum\tferritin\tis\tabout\t8\tmg\tof\tstored\tiron.\tIn\nhealthy\tadults,\tthe\tmeasurement\tof\tferritin\tthat\thas\tleaked\tinto\tthe\ts...
[ 0.020464450120925903, -0.032267965376377106, 0.028865138068795204, -0.034463200718164444, -0.09926556050777435, -0.028406305238604546, 0.045405395328998566, 0.010753090493381023, -0.013482756912708282, 0.04390034079551697, 0.08451733738183975, -0.026532351970672607, 0.0851026102900505, 0.0...
the\tsize\tof\tthe\tbody’s\tiron\tstorage\tpool.\nACD\tis\tthe\tprimary\tcondition\tin\twhich\tferritin\tfails\tto\tcorrelate\twith\tiron\tstores.\tACD,\ta\tcommon\nform\tof\tanemia\tin\thospitalized\tpatients,\toccurs\tin\tthose\twith\tcancer\tor\tinflammatory\n\tor\tinfectious\ndisorders.\tIt\toccurs\tduring\tinflamm...
[ 0.02091471664607525, -0.057739268988370895, 0.00009481694723945111, -0.037837397307157516, -0.09394935518503189, -0.008105888962745667, 0.0896722748875618, 0.03199896961450577, 0.009283158928155899, 0.06997019797563553, 0.12002027779817581, -0.00833110511302948, 0.05347242206335068, 0.0492...
inadequate\tmobilization\tof\tiron\tfrom\tits\tstorage\tsites.\tIn\tthose\twith\tchronic\tinflammatory\tconditions\n(i.e.,\tarthritis)\tdepletion\tof\tstored\tiron\tdevelops\tpartly\tbecause\tof\treduced\tabsorption\tof\tiron\tfrom\nthe\tgut\tdue\tto\trelease\tof\thepcidin.\tAlso\tthe\tregular\tuse\tof\tnonsteroidal\ta...
[ 0.040536992251873016, -0.10068033635616302, 0.018670646473765373, -0.013017836958169937, -0.10022488981485367, -0.034057602286338806, 0.06588702648878098, 0.060242585837841034, -0.003742844332009554, 0.0882955864071846, 0.08490155637264252, -0.03863832727074623, 0.021165695041418076, 0.076...
drugs\tcan\ncause\toccult\tGI\tblood\tloss.\tACD\thas\tmany\tforms\tand\tmust\tbe\tdistinguished\tfrom\tiron\tdeficiency\nanemia\tso\tthat\tinappropriate\tiron\tsupplementation\tis\tnot\tinitiated.\nSerum\tiron\nSerum\tiron\n\tmeasures\tthe\tamount\tof\tcirculating\tiron\tthat\tis\tbound\tto\ttransferrin.\tHowever,\tit...
[ -0.0011994426604360342, -0.0859968513250351, 0.02847982384264469, -0.07296805828809738, -0.11442531645298004, 0.030596766620874405, 0.08832661062479019, 0.02987348847091198, -0.010987509973347187, 0.10298813134431839, 0.07668829709291458, 0.008851631544530392, 0.02956833690404892, 0.030587...
relatively\tpoor\tindex\tof\tiron\tstatus\tbecause\tof\tlarge\tday-to-day\tchanges,\teven\tin\thealthy\tindividuals.\nDiurnal\n\tvariations\talso\toccur,\twith\tthe\thighest\tconcentrations\toccurring\tmidmorning\t(from\t6\tam\tto\n10\tam),\tand\ta\tnadir,\taveraging\t30%\tless\tthan\tthe\tmorning\tlevel,\toccurring\tm...
[ 0.015844978392124176, -0.04802276939153671, 0.06932787597179413, -0.056936074048280716, -0.11718754470348358, -0.013731573708355427, 0.08749467879533768, -0.00008083946886472404, -0.02476027049124241, 0.03616243228316307, 0.11810265481472015, -0.059826429933309555, 0.052934885025024414, 0....
should\tbe\tevaluated\tin\tlight\tof\tother\tlaboratory\tvalues\tand\trecent\tmedical\thistory\tto\tassess\tiron\nstatus.\nTotal\tiron-binding\tcapacity\tand\ttransferrin\tsaturation\nTotal\tiron-binding\tcapacity\t(TIBC)\n\tis\ta\tdirect\n\tmeasure\tof\tall\tproteins\tavailable\tto\tbind\tmobile\tiron
[ -0.02486012503504753, -0.05178367346525192, 0.025521093979477882, -0.06415808945894241, -0.1184963807463646, 0.007888322696089745, 0.069742850959301, 0.03485758602619171, -0.01563180796802044, 0.06778170168399811, 0.08096107095479965, -0.04316490516066551, 0.04095848649740219, 0.0827122703...
is\ta\tdirect\n\tmeasure\tof\tall\tproteins\tavailable\tto\tbind\tmobile\tiron\nand\tdepends\ton\tthe\tnumber\tof\tfree\tbinding\tsites\ton\tthe\tplasma\tiron-transport\tprotein\ttransferrin.\nIntracellular\tiron\tavailability\tregulates\tthe\tsynthesis\tand\tsecretion\tof\ttransferrin\t(i.e.,\ttransferrin\nconcentrati...
[ -0.008743977174162865, -0.0852244645357132, 0.013845229521393776, -0.03636367246508598, -0.09092245995998383, 0.013773626647889614, 0.0631883516907692, 0.03515368327498436, -0.003471044357866049, 0.06185932829976082, 0.1205039992928505, -0.0034231527242809534, 0.03936799243092537, 0.077160...
concentration\tincreases\tin\tthose\twith\tiron\tdeficiency).\nTransferrin\tsaturation\treflects\tiron\tavailability\tto\ttissues\t(bone\tmarrow\terythropoiesis).\n\tIt\tis\ndetermined\tby\tthe\tfollowing\tequation:\nIn\taddition,\twhen\tthe\tamount\tof\tstored\tiron\tavailable\tfor\trelease\tto\ttransferrin\tdecreases...
[ 0.0003190388670191169, -0.10699170082807541, 0.03298884630203247, -0.006543473806232214, -0.09976480156183243, -0.001976827858015895, 0.09053144603967667, 0.0181718822568655, 0.0045308806002140045, 0.08865340054035187, 0.09543878585100174, 0.0004178121162112802, 0.024007057771086693, 0.082...
dietary\tiron\tintake\tis\tlow,\tsaturation\tof\ttransferrin\tdecreases.\nThere\tare\texceptions\tto\tthe\tgeneral\trule\tthat\ttransferrin\n\tsaturation\tdecreases\tand\tTIBC\tincreases\nin\tpatients\twith\tiron\tdeficiency.\tFor\texample,\tTIBC\tincreases\tin\tthose\twith\thepatitis.\tIt\talso\tincreases
[ -0.001283561927266419, -0.07732708007097244, 0.03620785474777222, 0.008027439005672932, -0.077740877866745, -0.00979394931346178, 0.06409066915512085, 0.10402756184339523, -0.05515339598059654, -0.0037532015703618526, 0.08038729429244995, -0.016717731952667236, -0.02622424066066742, 0.0498...
in\tpeople\twith\thypoxia,\twomen\twho\tare\tpregnant,\tor\tthose\ttaking\toral\tcontraceptives\tor\treceiving\nestrogen\treplacement\ttherapy.\tOn\tthe\tother\thand,\tTIBC\tdecreases\tin\tthose\twith\tmalignant\tdisease,\nnephritis,\tand\themolytic\tanemias.\tFurthermore,\tthe\tplasma\tlevel\n\tof\ttransferrin\tmay\tb...
[ -0.004339881706982851, -0.009855227544903755, 0.013053832575678825, -0.026560088619589806, -0.07005906850099564, 0.00958154909312725, 0.048727311193943024, 0.027406038716435432, 0.0006443588063120842, 0.06751985102891922, 0.10533106327056885, 0.00403179507702589, 0.03948723524808884, 0.004...
of\ttransferrin\tmay\tbe\tdecreased\tin\nthose\twith\tmalnutrition,\tfluid\toverload,\tand\tliver\tdisease.\tThus\talthough\tTIBC\tand\ttransferrin\nsaturation\tare\tmore\tspecific\tthan\tHct\tor\tHgb\tvalues,\tthey\tare\tnot\tperfect\tindicators\tof\tiron\tstatus.\nAn\tadditional\tconcern\tabout\tthe\tuse\tof\tserum\t...
[ -0.025152599439024925, -0.044132404029369354, 0.00702018104493618, -0.04570448026061058, -0.05812826752662659, -0.010963608510792255, 0.10175789147615433, 0.018881283700466156, 0.016976967453956604, 0.046119578182697296, 0.06795336306095123, -0.020778149366378784, 0.04471772909164429, 0.02...
normal\tvalues\tpersist\tuntil\tfrank\tdeficiency\tactually\tdevelops.\tThus\n\tthese\ttests\tcannot\tdetect\ndecreasing\tiron\tstores\tand\tiron\tinsufficiencies.\nTests\tfor\tmacrocytic\tanemias\tfrom\tB\tvitamin\tdeficiencies\nMacrocytic\tanemias\tinclude\tfolate\tdeficiency\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency.\tThe\...
[ 0.032144587486982346, -0.041437432169914246, 0.01591636799275875, 0.015999112278223038, -0.0634925439953804, -0.00476016104221344, 0.06359099596738815, 0.05508119985461235, -0.06615713983774185, 0.06762396544218063, 0.10120046138763428, -0.03734083101153374, -0.006664821412414312, 0.042302...
12\n\tdeficiency.\tThe\tnutritional\tcauses\tof\nmacrocytic\tanemia\tare\trelated\tto\tthe\tavailability\tof\tfolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tin\tthe\tbone\tmarrow\tand\nrequire\tevaluation\tof\tboth\tnutrient\tlevels\tand\tmethyl\tmalonic\n\tacid,\tan\tintermediate\tmetabolites\tof\nvitamin\tB\n12\n\tmetabolism.\tBoth\...
[ 0.017080917954444885, -0.06273026764392853, 0.027468817308545113, -0.020920949056744576, -0.04860260337591171, 0.033121105283498764, 0.06634002178907394, 0.03042645938694477, -0.03235267102718353, 0.05806703120470047, 0.09689123183488846, -0.03121195174753666, 0.0014037953224033117, 0.0256...
thymidine\tmonophosphate.\tFolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tare\tused\tat\tdifferent\tsteps\tof\tthe\tsynthetic\npathway.\tImpaired\tRBC\tsynthesis\toccurs\tand\tlarge,\tnucleated\tRBCs\tthen\tare\treleased\tinto\tthe\ncirculation\t(see\t\nChapter\t31\n).\nAssessing\tfolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tstatus\nEvaluation\n\tf...
[ -0.023997578769922256, -0.05827837437391281, 0.0388643853366375, -0.04676802083849907, -0.03487872704863548, 0.029957620427012444, 0.07867944985628128, 0.0516798309981823, -0.047877006232738495, 0.10192208737134933, 0.07514192909002304, -0.026279814541339874, 0.026629814878106117, 0.013926...
12\n\tdeficiency\tin
[ 0.051108360290527344, -0.0233549103140831, -0.06329597532749176, -0.023073045536875725, -0.10238576680421829, 0.03579401597380638, 0.11782094836235046, 0.06013519689440727, -0.03266448527574539, 0.04212464392185211, 0.05018199607729912, -0.04657450318336487, -0.023943481966853142, 0.029302...
blood.\tThey\tcan\tbe\tassayed\tusing\ttests\tof\tthe\tability\tof\tthe\tpatient’s\tblood\tspecimen\tto\tsupport\tthe\ngrowth\tof\tmicrobes\tthat\trequire\teither\tfolate\tor\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\tor\tradiobinding\tassays,\tor\nimmunoassays.\nSerum\thomocysteine.\nFolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tare\trequired\tfor\tthe\ts...
[ -0.014285690151154995, -0.06587424874305725, -0.0014430521987378597, -0.054208915680646896, -0.15372683107852936, 0.020266547799110413, 0.04691511392593384, 0.04739084094762802, 0.00690104253590107, 0.05685111880302429, 0.08250320702791214, 0.023982500657439232, 0.003544305684044957, 0.040...
are\trequired\tfor\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\tS-adenosylmethionine\t(SAM),\n\tthe\nbiochemical\tprecursor\tinvolved\tin\tthe\ttransfer\tof\tone-carbon\t(methyl)\tgroups\tduring\tmany\nbiochemical\tsyntheses.\tSAM\tis\tsynthesized\tfrom\tthe\tamino\tacid\tmethionine\tby\ta\treaction\tthat\nincludes\tthe\taddition\tof\ta\tmeth...
[ -0.03815632686018944, -0.07236853241920471, 0.012165497988462448, -0.07246990501880646, -0.09757405519485474, 0.03967900201678276, 0.038951326161623, 0.016506806015968323, -0.0013953042216598988, 0.10609723627567291, 0.09960820525884628, -0.06880404055118561, 0.0053639099933207035, 0.02151...
or\tATP).\tFor\texample,\twhen\tSAM\tdonates\ta\tmethyl\tgroup\tfor\tthe\tsynthesis\tof\tthymidine,\tcholine,\ncreatine,\tepinephrine,\n\tand\tprotein\tand\tDNA\tmethylation,\tit\tis\tconverted\tto\tS-adenosylhomocysteine.\nAfter\tlosing\tthe\tadenosyl\tgroup,\tthe\tremaining\t\nhomocysteine\n\tcan\tbe\tconverted\teith...
[ 0.027429282665252686, -0.10897079110145569, -0.014769372530281544, -0.04747761785984039, -0.06371697038412094, 0.027394704520702362, 0.01434377022087574, 0.012790756300091743, 0.029237346723675728, 0.06525528430938721, 0.12606945633888245, -0.02531932294368744, 0.0014931515324860811, 0.039...
homocysteine\n\tcan\tbe\tconverted\teither\tto\tcysteine\tby\nthe\tvitamin\tB\n6\n–dependent\ttranssulfuration\tpathway\tor\tback\tto\tmethionine\tin\ta\treaction\tthat\tdepends\non\tadequate\tfolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n.\nWhen\teither\tfolate\tor\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tis\tlacking,\tthe\thomocysteine-to-methionine\treac...
[ 0.004139301832765341, -0.0963452160358429, 0.007217650301754475, -0.0018039245624095201, -0.09999453276395798, 0.06544262915849686, 0.04551784694194794, 0.01715061068534851, 0.00855252891778946, 0.03600984066724777, 0.11099071800708771, 0.01132249180227518, 0.009341752156615257, 0.02260593...
12\n\tis\tlacking,\tthe\thomocysteine-to-methionine\treaction\n\tis\tblocked,\ncausing\thomocysteine\tto\tbuild\tup\tin\tthe\taffected\ttissue\tand\tspill\tinto\tthe\tcirculation.\tThe\tvitamin\tB\n6\n–\ndependent\ttranssulfuration\tpathway\tcan\tmetabolize\texcess\thomocysteine.\tHomocysteine\thas\tbeen\nshown\tto\tbe...
[ 0.07006112486124039, -0.08925586193799973, 0.037242718040943146, -0.02030906453728676, -0.17585623264312744, 0.030200693756341934, 0.0775671899318695, -0.00017481061513535678, 0.0030875953380018473, 0.04230125620961189, 0.06986812502145767, -0.00310921436175704, 0.03196879103779793, 0.0170...
shown\tto\tbe\tsensitive\tto\tfolate\tand\tvitamin\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency.\nTherefore\tan\televated\thomocysteine\tlevel\tindicates\teither\tgenetic\tdefects\tinvolved\tin\tthe\tenzymes\nthat\tcatalyze\tthese\treactions,\n\tor\ta\tdeficiency\tin\tfolate,\tvitamin\tB\n12\n,\tor\tvitamin\tB\n6\n.\tResearch\tindicates
[ 0.06884242594242096, -0.05063093081116676, 0.045287806540727615, -0.036636386066675186, -0.0693974643945694, 0.03882995620369911, 0.08395615965127945, -0.01074786763638258, 0.012802602723240852, 0.09466271847486496, 0.08937069028615952, -0.031031183898448944, 0.04344344139099121, 0.0661655...
12\n,\tor\tvitamin\tB\n6\n.\tResearch\tindicates\nthat\tseveral\tfolate\tgene\tpolymorphisms\taffecting\tthe\tmethylation\tof\tfolate\tand\tB\n12\n\tcontribute\trisk\tfor\nseveral\tchronic\tcardiovascular\tand\tneurologic\tdisorders\t(\nKagawa\tet\tal,\t2017\n;\tsee\t\nChapters\t6\n\tand\n42\n).\nFolate\tassessment.\nF...
[ -0.027157651260495186, -0.012730460613965988, 0.049530044198036194, -0.0399307981133461, -0.05189145356416702, 0.048057667911052704, 0.0566253624856472, 0.009370705112814903, -0.01381436362862587, 0.07406016439199448, 0.12852682173252106, -0.07368217408657074, -0.021923761814832687, 0.0381...
and\n42\n).\nFolate\tassessment.\nFolate\tmost\toften\tis\tmeasured\t\nsimultaneously\tin\twhole\tblood\twith\tits\tcombined\tamount\tfrom\tplasma\nand\tblood\tcells,\tand\tin\tthe\tserum\talone.\tThe\tdifference\tbetween\t\nwhole-blood\tfolate\tand\tserum\tfolate\nlevels\tthen\tis\tused\tto\tcalculate\ttotal\tRBC\tfol...
[ 0.04777808487415314, -0.012273155152797699, 0.046256471425294876, -0.053709037601947784, -0.12727871537208557, -0.04794170334935188, 0.053207188844680786, -0.02746342122554779, -0.005686817225068808, 0.0685596838593483, 0.0989956259727478, -0.032482683658599854, 0.019113842397928238, 0.012...