pair_id string | label int64 | pair_type string | pair_subtype string | a_doc_id string | a_snippet_id int64 | a_text_type string | a_text string | b_doc_id string | b_snippet_id int64 | b_text_type string | b_text string | a_metadata unknown | b_metadata unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pos-900 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 394 | 0 | translation_chunk | The 325 precedent for controlling the inclusion of terms and conditions finds the essential characteristics of the terms and conditions | 394 | 1 | translation_chunk | in "the unilateral formation of contract content," stating that the terms and conditions negotiated between the business operator and the | {} | {} |
pos-901 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 394 | 0 | translation_chunk | The 325 precedent for controlling the inclusion of terms and conditions finds the essential characteristics of the terms and conditions | 394 | 2 | translation_chunk | customer do not fall under the terms and conditions of the Terms and Conditions Regulation Act because they lack unilateral preparation. | {} | {} |
pos-902 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 394 | 1 | translation_chunk | in "the unilateral formation of contract content," stating that the terms and conditions negotiated between the business operator and the | 394 | 2 | translation_chunk | customer do not fall under the terms and conditions of the Terms and Conditions Regulation Act because they lack unilateral preparation. | {} | {} |
pos-903 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 395 | null | sentence | 이를 포기하면서 물질적 매개성을 요구하지 않는 것이 오늘날의 “일반적 견해”라고 한다. | 395 | null | translation | It is commonly believed today that giving up material mediation is not required. | {} | {} |
pos-904 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 396 | null | sentence | 박성종･박재환의 연구에 의하면 조세회피 기업과 그렇지 않은 기업 간에 재량적 발생 액의 차이는 없었다. | 396 | null | translation | According to a study by Park Seong-jong and Park Jae-hwan, there was no difference in discretionary accruals between companies that avoided taxes and those that did not. | {} | {} |
pos-905 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 396 | 0 | translation_chunk | According to a study by Park Seong-jong and Park Jae-hwan, there was no difference | 396 | 1 | translation_chunk | in discretionary accruals between companies that avoided taxes and those that did not. | {} | {} |
pos-906 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 397 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 손상차손을 인식한 기업이 상향 이익조정을 하더라도 부채가 많을 경우 부채의 | 397 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 감세효과에 의 해 조세부담에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는지를 추가 분석하고자 한다. | {} | {} |
pos-907 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 397 | null | sentence | 손상차손을 인식한 기업이 상향 이익조정을 하더라도 부채가 많을 경우 부채의 감세효과에 의 해 조세부담에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는지를 추가 분석하고자 한다. | 397 | null | translation | Even if a company that recognizes impairment losses adjusts its earnings upward, we would like to further analyze whether the tax burden will not be significantly affected by the tax reduction effect of the debt if it has a lot of debt. | {} | {} |
pos-908 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 397 | 0 | translation_chunk | Even if a company that recognizes impairment losses adjusts its earnings upward, we would like to further analyze whether | 397 | 1 | translation_chunk | the tax burden will not be significantly affected by the tax reduction effect of the debt if it has a lot of debt. | {} | {} |
pos-909 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 398 | null | sentence | 추가분석 일반적으로 상향 이익조정을 하면 재무보고이익이 증가하여 조세부담이 증가할 수 있다. | 398 | null | translation | Additional Analysis: In general, upward profit adjustments may increase financial reporting profits and thus increase the tax burden. | {} | {} |
pos-910 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 399 | null | sentence | 모형설정 및 모의실험 과정에서 필요한 경제통계자료는 최환에 서 사용된 것과 동일하다. | 399 | null | translation | The economic statistical data required in the model setting and simulation process are the same as those used in Choi Hwan. | {} | {} |
pos-911 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 400 | null | sentence | 실물 CGE 모형과 FCGE 모형의 일반균 형 값은 GAMS를 이용하여 계산하였다. | 400 | null | translation | The general equilibrium values of the real CGE model and FCGE model were calculated using GAMS. | {} | {} |
pos-912 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 401 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 한국경제를 모두 25 개 산업으로 통합 조정한 것을 반영하면, 실물 CGE 모형의 경우 | 401 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 연립방정식의 수 는 537개가 되며, 방정식체계로부터 536개의 내생변수의 균형 값이 결정된다. | {} | {} |
pos-913 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 401 | null | sentence | 한국경제를 모두 25 개 산업으로 통합 조정한 것을 반영하면, 실물 CGE 모형의 경우 연립방정식의 수 는 537개가 되며, 방정식체계로부터 536개의 내생변수의 균형 값이 결정된다. | 401 | null | translation | Reflecting the integrated adjustment of the Korean economy into all 25 industries, the number of simultaneous equations in the real CGE model is 537, and the balance values of 536 endogenous variables are determined from the equation system. | {} | {} |
pos-914 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 401 | 0 | translation_chunk | Reflecting the integrated adjustment of the Korean economy into all 25 industries, the number of simultaneous equations | 401 | 1 | translation_chunk | in the real CGE model is 537, and the balance values of 536 endogenous variables are determined from the equation system. | {} | {} |
pos-915 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 402 | null | sentence | 이 관계식을 이용하여 오차항 분산이 작으면 작을수록 이론모형에서 생성된 변수들과 실제자료의 관측치들간의 거리는 작을 것이다. | 402 | null | translation | Using this relation, the smaller the error term variance, the smaller the distance between the variables created in the theoretical model and the observations of the actual data will be. | {} | {} |
pos-916 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 402 | 0 | translation_chunk | Using this relation, the smaller the error term variance, the smaller the distance between the | 402 | 1 | translation_chunk | variables created in the theoretical model and the observations of the actual data will be. | {} | {} |
pos-917 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 403 | null | sentence | 즉 경제이론이 실제자료를 보다 잘 설명한다고 할 수 있는 것 이다. | 403 | null | translation | In other words, it can be said that economic theory better explains actual data. | {} | {} |
pos-918 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 404 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 이러한 점에 비추어 볼 때, 관세철폐와 같은 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 계측함에 있어 FCGE | 404 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 모형을 이용한 분석은 기존의 실물 CGE 모 형을 이용한 분석의 단점을 보완한 것이라 할 수 있다. | {} | {} |
pos-919 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 404 | null | sentence | 이러한 점에 비추어 볼 때, 관세철폐와 같은 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 계측함에 있어 FCGE 모형을 이용한 분석은 기존의 실물 CGE 모 형을 이용한 분석의 단점을 보완한 것이라 할 수 있다. | 404 | null | translation | In light of this, in measuring the economic effects of trade liberalization such as tariff elimination, analysis using the FCGE model can be said to complement the shortcomings of analysis using the existing real CGE model. | {} | {} |
pos-920 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 404 | 0 | translation_chunk | In light of this, in measuring the economic effects of trade liberalization such as tariff elimination, analysis | 404 | 1 | translation_chunk | using the FCGE model can be said to complement the shortcomings of analysis using the existing real CGE model. | {} | {} |
pos-921 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 405 | null | sentence | 지금까지 이자율, 환율, 물가 경로를 통해 실물부문과 금융부문의 상호작용을 살 펴보았다. | 405 | null | translation | So far, we have looked at the interaction between the real sector and the financial sector through the interest rate, exchange rate, and price channels. | {} | {} |
pos-922 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 406 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 특히, FCGE 모형을 이용 한 분석은 실물 CGE 모형을 이용한 분석에서 | 406 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 고려할 수 없었던 환율 경로를 통한 환류효과를 반영할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. | {} | {} |
pos-923 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 406 | null | sentence | 특히, FCGE 모형을 이용 한 분석은 실물 CGE 모형을 이용한 분석에서 고려할 수 없었던 환율 경로를 통한 환류효과를 반영할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. | 406 | null | translation | Particularly, the analysis using the FCGE model has the advantage of reflecting the reflux effect through exchange rate channels that could not be considered in the analysis using the real CGE model. | {} | {} |
pos-924 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 406 | 0 | translation_chunk | Particularly, the analysis using the FCGE model has the advantage of reflecting the reflux effect | 406 | 1 | translation_chunk | through exchange rate channels that could not be considered in the analysis using the real CGE model. | {} | {} |
pos-925 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 407 | null | sentence | 손상차손을 동종업종 평균보다 많이 인식한 기업은 기업의 재무적 특성에 의해 이익 을 상향 또는 하향 조정을 한다. | 407 | null | translation | Companies that recognize impairment losses higher than the industry average adjust profits upward or downward depending on the company's financial characteristics. | {} | {} |
pos-926 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 407 | 0 | translation_chunk | Companies that recognize impairment losses higher than the industry average adjust | 407 | 1 | translation_chunk | profits upward or downward depending on the company's financial characteristics. | {} | {} |
pos-927 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 408 | null | sentence | 손상차손이 동종업종 평균보다 많은 기업은 영업활동으로 인한 현금흐름이 많을수록 이익을 하향 조정한다는 사실을 발견하였다. | 408 | null | translation | It was found that companies with higher impairment losses than the industry average adjusted their profits downward as cash flow from operating activities increased. | {} | {} |
pos-928 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 408 | 0 | translation_chunk | It was found that companies with higher impairment losses than the industry average | 408 | 1 | translation_chunk | adjusted their profits downward as cash flow from operating activities increased. | {} | {} |
pos-929 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 409 | 0 | sentence_chunk | DCFR 제II.-1:110조 제1항과 그것을 계수 한 CESL 제7조 제1항은 당사자 일방에 의하여 | 409 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 제시된 조항은 상대방이 그 내용에 영향을 미칠 수 없었던 경우에는 개별적으로 흥정되 지 아니한 것으로 본다. | {} | {} |
pos-930 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 409 | null | sentence | DCFR 제II.-1:110조 제1항과 그것을 계수 한 CESL 제7조 제1항은 당사자 일방에 의하여 제시된 조항은 상대방이 그 내용에 영향을 미칠 수 없었던 경우에는 개별적으로 흥정되 지 아니한 것으로 본다. | 409 | null | translation | According to Article II.-1:110 (1) of the DCFR and Article 7 (1) of the CESL, if the other party was unable to influence the content, the provisions presented by either party shall be considered as not individually negotiated. | {} | {} |
pos-931 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 409 | 0 | translation_chunk | According to Article II.-1:110 (1) of the DCFR and Article 7 (1) of the CESL, if the other party was unable to | 409 | 1 | translation_chunk | influence the content, the provisions presented by either party shall be considered as not individually negotiated. | {} | {} |
pos-932 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 410 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 대법원은 개별약정의 요건에 관한 위 정식에서 “개별적인 교섭이 있었다고 하기 위해서는 비록 그 | 410 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 교섭의 결과가 반드시 특정 조항의 내용을 변경하는 형태로 나타나야 하는 것은 아니”라고 한다. | {} | {} |
pos-933 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 410 | null | sentence | 대법원은 개별약정의 요건에 관한 위 정식에서 “개별적인 교섭이 있었다고 하기 위해서는 비록 그 교섭의 결과가 반드시 특정 조항의 내용을 변경하는 형태로 나타나야 하는 것은 아니”라고 한다. | 410 | null | translation | According to the Supreme Court's official statement on the requirements of individual agreements, it is stated that "in order to consider that there were individual negotiations, it is not necessary for the result of the negotiations to manifest in the form of changing the content of a specific clause." | {} | {} |
pos-934 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 410 | 0 | translation_chunk | According to the Supreme Court's official statement on the requirements of individual agreements, it is stated that "in order to consider that there were | 410 | 1 | translation_chunk | individual negotiations, it is not necessary for the result of the negotiations to manifest in the form of changing the content of a specific clause." | {} | {} |
pos-935 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 411 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 교역경제가 완전 통합될 경우, 환율의 평가절하는 실질환율에 전혀 영향을 미치지 못하므로, 환율의 지출이전효과는 | 411 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 완전히 사라지게 되어, 비협조적 내쉬통화정책과 국제 통화정책 공조는 시점간 소비위험해소의 측면에서 무차별해진다. | {} | {} |
pos-936 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 411 | null | sentence | 교역경제가 완전 통합될 경우, 환율의 평가절하는 실질환율에 전혀 영향을 미치지 못하므로, 환율의 지출이전효과는 완전히 사라지게 되어, 비협조적 내쉬통화정책과 국제 통화정책 공조는 시점간 소비위험해소의 측면에서 무차별해진다. | 411 | null | translation | When the trade economy is fully integrated, the devaluation of the exchange rate has no impact on the real exchange rate, resulting in the complete disappearance of the expenditure transfer effect of the exchange rate; as a result, the uncooperative Nash monetary policy and international monetary policy become indiscri... | {} | {} |
pos-937 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 411 | 0 | translation_chunk | When the trade economy is fully integrated, the devaluation of the exchange rate has no impact on the real exchange rate, resulting | 411 | 1 | translation_chunk | in the complete disappearance of the expenditure transfer effect of the exchange rate; as a result, the uncooperative Nash monetary | {} | {} |
pos-938 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 411 | 0 | translation_chunk | When the trade economy is fully integrated, the devaluation of the exchange rate has no impact on the real exchange rate, resulting | 411 | 2 | translation_chunk | policy and international monetary policy become indiscriminate in terms of reducing consumption risk between different time periods. | {} | {} |
pos-939 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 411 | 1 | translation_chunk | in the complete disappearance of the expenditure transfer effect of the exchange rate; as a result, the uncooperative Nash monetary | 411 | 2 | translation_chunk | policy and international monetary policy become indiscriminate in terms of reducing consumption risk between different time periods. | {} | {} |
pos-940 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 412 | null | sentence | 광업의 경우, 산출은 감소하고, 수출은 소폭 증가하고, 수입은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. | 412 | null | translation | In the mining sector, it was observed that production decreased, exports slightly increased, and imports decreased. | {} | {} |
pos-941 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 413 | null | sentence | 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 업태별로 살펴보면, 농림수산업의 경우, 산출과 수출은 감소하고, 수입은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. | 413 | null | translation | Examining the economic effects of trade liberalization by industry, it was observed that in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector, there was a decrease in output and exports, while imports showed an increase. | {} | {} |
pos-942 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 413 | 0 | translation_chunk | Examining the economic effects of trade liberalization by industry, it was observed that in the agriculture, | 413 | 1 | translation_chunk | forestry, and fisheries sector, there was a decrease in output and exports, while imports showed an increase. | {} | {} |
pos-943 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 414 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 전통적으로 비교우위가 낮은 석유석탄제품, 화학제품, 금속, 일반기계, 정밀기기 | 414 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 등의 산업의 산출은 감소하고 수입은 큰 폭으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. | {} | {} |
pos-944 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 414 | null | sentence | 전통적으로 비교우위가 낮은 석유석탄제품, 화학제품, 금속, 일반기계, 정밀기기 등의 산업의 산출은 감소하고 수입은 큰 폭으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. | 414 | null | translation | It has been observed that the output of industries such as petroleum coal products, chemical products, metals, general machinery, and precision instruments, which traditionally have low comparative advantages, has declined, while imports have shown a significant increase. | {} | {} |
pos-945 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 414 | 0 | translation_chunk | It has been observed that the output of industries such as petroleum coal products, chemical products, metals, general machinery, and | 414 | 1 | translation_chunk | precision instruments, which traditionally have low comparative advantages, has declined, while imports have shown a significant increase. | {} | {} |
pos-946 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 415 | null | sentence | 제조업의 경우, 산출은 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 수출과 수입은 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타나 무역규모는 확 대되었다. | 415 | null | translation | In the case of manufacturing, it was observed that production decreased, while exports and imports significantly increased, leading to a substantial expansion in trade volume. | {} | {} |
pos-947 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 415 | 0 | translation_chunk | In the case of manufacturing, it was observed that production decreased, while exports | 415 | 1 | translation_chunk | and imports significantly increased, leading to a substantial expansion in trade volume. | {} | {} |
pos-948 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 416 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 결과적으로 관세철폐는 실질 GDP를 3.381% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, | 416 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 동등변동은 약 1632.113으로 사회후생이 증대되는 것으로 나타났다. | {} | {} |
pos-949 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 416 | null | sentence | 결과적으로 관세철폐는 실질 GDP를 3.381% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, 동등변동은 약 1632.113으로 사회후생이 증대되는 것으로 나타났다. | 416 | null | translation | As a result, the abolition of tariffs was found to increase real GDP by 3.381%, and the equal change was approximately 1632.113, indicating an increase in social welfare. | {} | {} |
pos-950 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 416 | 0 | translation_chunk | As a result, the abolition of tariffs was found to increase real GDP by 3.381%, and | 416 | 1 | translation_chunk | the equal change was approximately 1632.113, indicating an increase in social welfare. | {} | {} |
pos-951 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 417 | null | sentence | 동등변동은 약 -3255.512로 사회후생이 감소하는 것으로 나타나 CGE 분석의 경우와 상반된 결과가 도출되었다. | 417 | null | translation | The equivalence change was approximately -3255.512, revealing a contrasting outcome to that of the CGE analysis, where social welfare decreased. | {} | {} |
pos-952 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 418 | null | sentence | 임금은 2.1% 상승하는 것으로 나타났고, 실업률은 0.099% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. | 418 | null | translation | Wages have shown a 2.1% increase, while the unemployment rate has indicated a 0.099% rise. | {} | {} |
pos-953 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 419 | null | sentence | 본 고에서 분석 하고자 하는 실질환율에 대한 특징은 자료상에 나타나는 실질환율의 이러한 험프 형태의 L자형 파워 스펙트럼이다. | 419 | null | translation | The feature of the real exchange rate to be analyzed in this study is the hump-shaped L-shaped power spectrum of the real exchange rate observed in the data. | {} | {} |
pos-954 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 420 | null | sentence | 즉 GDP, 물가뿐만 아니라 실질환율도 변동성이 주로 경기변동구간내에 집중되어 있고 고빈도보다는 저빈도에서 큰 특징을 지니고 있다. | 420 | null | translation | In other words, the volatility of not only GDP and prices, but also the real exchange rate is primarily concentrated within the range of economic fluctuations, and it exhibits a significant characteristic at low frequency rather than high frequency. | {} | {} |
pos-955 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 420 | 0 | translation_chunk | In other words, the volatility of not only GDP and prices, but also the real exchange rate is primarily concentrated within | 420 | 1 | translation_chunk | the range of economic fluctuations, and it exhibits a significant characteristic at low frequency rather than high frequency. | {} | {} |
pos-956 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 421 | null | sentence | 자국과 외국 대표가계의 생계비 자국과 외국의 소비를 모두 고려한 물가지수는 다음과 같다. | 421 | null | translation | The cost of living for both domestic and foreign representative households, as well as the price index that takes into account both domestic and foreign consumption, are as follows. | {} | {} |
pos-957 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 421 | 0 | translation_chunk | The cost of living for both domestic and foreign representative households, as well as the | 421 | 1 | translation_chunk | price index that takes into account both domestic and foreign consumption, are as follows. | {} | {} |
pos-958 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 422 | null | sentence | 자국과 외국의 소비지수는 국내산 재화와 수입 재화에 대하여 자국과 외국에서 모두 가중치를 가지며 각각 다음과 같다. | 422 | null | translation | The domestic and foreign consumption indices have weights for both domestic and imported goods in their respective countries, and they are as follows. | {} | {} |
pos-959 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 423 | null | sentence | 손상차손이 산업평균보다 큰 기업은 부채가 많을수록 이익을 상향 조정한다. | 423 | null | translation | Companies with impairment losses greater than the industrial average adjust their profits higher as they have more debt. | {} | {} |
pos-960 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 424 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 이에 부채비율이 높아 재 무구조가 취약한 기업이 부채계약의 불리한 점을 극복하기 위하여 회계상 이익을 상향 | 424 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 이익 조정을 한다면 재무이익은 회복될 수 있지만, 세무이익도 증가하게 된다면 추가적인 세금을 부담할 수 있다. | {} | {} |
pos-961 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 424 | null | sentence | 이에 부채비율이 높아 재 무구조가 취약한 기업이 부채계약의 불리한 점을 극복하기 위하여 회계상 이익을 상향 이익 조정을 한다면 재무이익은 회복될 수 있지만, 세무이익도 증가하게 된다면 추가적인 세금을 부담할 수 있다. | 424 | null | translation | Therefore, if a company with a weak financial structure because of its high debt ratio adjusts its accounting profits upward to overcome the disadvantages of the debt contract, its financial profits can be recovered, but if its tax profits also increase, it can bear additional taxes. | {} | {} |
pos-962 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 424 | 0 | translation_chunk | Therefore, if a company with a weak financial structure because of its high debt ratio adjusts its accounting profits upward to overcome the | 424 | 1 | translation_chunk | disadvantages of the debt contract, its financial profits can be recovered, but if its tax profits also increase, it can bear additional taxes. | {} | {} |
pos-963 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 425 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 이에 해 당 기업의 손상차손이 산업평균의 손상차손보다 큰 경우 손상차손으로 인한 | 425 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 급격한 이익의 감소를 초래하며 상대적으로 부채가 많은 기업일수록 이익을 상향 조정한다. | {} | {} |
pos-964 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 425 | null | sentence | 이에 해 당 기업의 손상차손이 산업평균의 손상차손보다 큰 경우 손상차손으로 인한 급격한 이익의 감소를 초래하며 상대적으로 부채가 많은 기업일수록 이익을 상향 조정한다. | 425 | null | translation | Therefore, if the impairment loss of the company is greater than the impairment loss of the industrial average, it will lead to a sharp decrease in profits because of the impairment loss, and the higher the debt, the higher the profit. | {} | {} |
pos-965 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 425 | 0 | translation_chunk | Therefore, if the impairment loss of the company is greater than the impairment loss of the industrial average, it will | 425 | 1 | translation_chunk | lead to a sharp decrease in profits because of the impairment loss, and the higher the debt, the higher the profit. | {} | {} |
pos-966 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 426 | null | sentence | 이와 같은 점을 고려하여 아 래와 같이 순서프로빗모형을 사용하여 <표 2>의 회귀계 수들을 다시 추정하였다. | 426 | null | translation | Taking these considerations into account, the regression coefficients in <Table 2> were re-estimated using the ordered probit model as shown below. | {} | {} |
pos-967 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 427 | null | sentence | 반면에 FCGE 분석에서는 환율, 이자율, 그리고 물가 가 모두 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. | 427 | null | translation | Meanwhile, the FCGE analysis showed that the exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation all rose. | {} | {} |
pos-968 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 428 | null | sentence | 수입증가규모 축소와 수출증가규모 확대는 곧 산출감소규모를 축소시키는 것으로 나타났다. | 428 | null | translation | It was found that a reduction in the scale of increase in imports and an expansion in the scale of export growth led to a decrease in the scale of output decrease. | {} | {} |
pos-969 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 428 | 0 | translation_chunk | It was found that a reduction in the scale of increase in imports and an expansion | 428 | 1 | translation_chunk | in the scale of export growth led to a decrease in the scale of output decrease. | {} | {} |
pos-970 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 429 | null | sentence | 환율의 상승은 CGE 분석결과에 비해 수입증가규모를 축소시키고 수출증가규모를 확대시키는 것으로 나타났다. | 429 | null | translation | The rise in the exchange rate was found to reduce the scale of increase in imports and increase the scale of exports compared to the CGE analysis results. | {} | {} |
pos-971 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 430 | null | sentence | 위 마일리지 제공 기준은 원고들을 비롯하여 고객이 수많은 신용카드 중에서 이 사건 카드를 선택하는 이유가 되었다. | 430 | null | translation | The aforementioned mileage provision criteria became the reason why customers chose this particular card among numerous credit cards, including the Plaintiffs. | {} | {} |
pos-972 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 431 | null | sentence | 자국과 외국에서 생산된 재화에 대한 자국과 외국의 물가지수는 다음과 같다. | 431 | null | translation | The price indices for domestically produced goods and goods produced in foreign countries are as follows. | {} | {} |
pos-973 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 432 | null | sentence | 재화시장에서의 균형식과 식의 개별수요함수를 이용하여 도출한 자국 및 외국 대표가계의 최적소비는 다음과 같다. | 432 | null | translation | The optimal consumption of domestic and foreign representative households, derived using individual demand functions of balance form and equation in the goods market, is as follows. | {} | {} |
pos-974 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 432 | 0 | translation_chunk | The optimal consumption of domestic and foreign representative households, derived using | 432 | 1 | translation_chunk | individual demand functions of balance form and equation in the goods market, is as follows. | {} | {} |
pos-975 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 433 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 본고에서 사용된 CGE 모형과 FCGE 모형은 모두 소규모 개방경제를 가정한 일국 모형으로서 | 433 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 관세철폐의 경제적 효과를 계측함에 있어 무역상대국의 반향효 과를 반영하지 못한다는 단점을 지니고 있다. | {} | {} |
pos-976 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 433 | null | sentence | 본고에서 사용된 CGE 모형과 FCGE 모형은 모두 소규모 개방경제를 가정한 일국 모형으로서 관세철폐의 경제적 효과를 계측함에 있어 무역상대국의 반향효 과를 반영하지 못한다는 단점을 지니고 있다. | 433 | null | translation | Both the CGE model and the FCGE model used in this paper are single-country models that assume a small-scale open economy, and have the disadvantage of not reflecting the reverberation effect of trading partners when measuring the economic effect of tariff elimination. | {} | {} |
pos-977 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 433 | 0 | translation_chunk | Both the CGE model and the FCGE model used in this paper are single-country models that assume a small-scale open economy, and have the | 433 | 1 | translation_chunk | disadvantage of not reflecting the reverberation effect of trading partners when measuring the economic effect of tariff elimination. | {} | {} |
pos-978 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 434 | null | sentence | 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 본고에서 실시된 관세 철폐 방식은 가장 극단적인 형태의 무역자유화 조치로 볼 수 있다. | 434 | null | translation | From this perspective, the tariff elimination method implemented in this paper can be seen as the most extreme form of trade liberalization measure. | {} | {} |
pos-979 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 435 | null | sentence | 이러한 단점은 최소 2국 이상의 다국 모형 혹은 세계모 형을 이용함으로써 보완될 수 있다. | 435 | null | translation | These shortcomings can be compensated for by using a multi-country model or world model with at least two countries. | {} | {} |
pos-980 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 436 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 각국들이 통화정책의 부정적 외부효과를 상쇄하기 위하여 아무런 사전적 조정없이 경쟁적으로 통화공급을 | 436 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 증가시킨다면 결국 산출량의 증가없이 장기적으로 지나친 물가상승만 유발시키는 비효율성을 초래하게 된다. | {} | {} |
pos-981 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 436 | null | sentence | 각국들이 통화정책의 부정적 외부효과를 상쇄하기 위하여 아무런 사전적 조정없이 경쟁적으로 통화공급을 증가시킨다면 결국 산출량의 증가없이 장기적으로 지나친 물가상승만 유발시키는 비효율성을 초래하게 된다. | 436 | null | translation | If countries competitively increase their money supply without any prior adjustment to offset the negative external effects of monetary policy, it will ultimately result in inefficiency that only causes excessive inflation in the long run without increasing output. | {} | {} |
pos-982 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 436 | 0 | translation_chunk | If countries competitively increase their money supply without any prior adjustment to offset the negative external effects of monetary | 436 | 1 | translation_chunk | policy, it will ultimately result in inefficiency that only causes excessive inflation in the long run without increasing output. | {} | {} |
pos-983 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 437 | null | sentence | 이러한 경우, 교역국들 간의 사전적 통화정책공조는 교역국 전체의 후생을 극대화시킬 수 있다. | 437 | null | translation | In such cases, proactive coordination of monetary policies among trading nations can maximize the welfare of the entire trading community. | {} | {} |
pos-984 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 438 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 초기의 통화정책공조 모형들은 정책공조의 이익을 장기물가상승을 가져오는 경쟁적 평가절하의 비효율성 해소에 | 438 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 초점을 맞추었다면, 최근의 통화정책공조 모형들은 단기에서 교역국간 소비위험 해소에 초점을 맞추고 있다. | {} | {} |
pos-985 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 438 | null | sentence | 초기의 통화정책공조 모형들은 정책공조의 이익을 장기물가상승을 가져오는 경쟁적 평가절하의 비효율성 해소에 초점을 맞추었다면, 최근의 통화정책공조 모형들은 단기에서 교역국간 소비위험 해소에 초점을 맞추고 있다. | 438 | null | translation | While early models of monetary policy cooperation focused on addressing the inefficiency of competitive devaluation that leads to long-term inflation and benefits policy cooperation, recent models of monetary policy cooperation have shifted their focus to resolving short-term consumption risks between trading countries... | {} | {} |
pos-986 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 438 | 0 | translation_chunk | While early models of monetary policy cooperation focused on addressing the inefficiency of competitive | 438 | 1 | translation_chunk | devaluation that leads to long-term inflation and benefits policy cooperation, recent models of monetary policy | {} | {} |
pos-987 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 438 | 0 | translation_chunk | While early models of monetary policy cooperation focused on addressing the inefficiency of competitive | 438 | 2 | translation_chunk | cooperation have shifted their focus to resolving short-term consumption risks between trading countries. | {} | {} |
pos-988 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 438 | 1 | translation_chunk | devaluation that leads to long-term inflation and benefits policy cooperation, recent models of monetary policy | 438 | 2 | translation_chunk | cooperation have shifted their focus to resolving short-term consumption risks between trading countries. | {} | {} |
pos-989 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 439 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 모형은 왈라스 전통의 CGE 모형에 케인지안 전통의 자산선택이론과 통화론자 전통의 | 439 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 환율결정이론을 포함시킨 다부문 모형으로 실물부문과 금융부문을 분석대상으로 한다. | {} | {} |
pos-990 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 439 | null | sentence | 모형은 왈라스 전통의 CGE 모형에 케인지안 전통의 자산선택이론과 통화론자 전통의 환율결정이론을 포함시킨 다부문 모형으로 실물부문과 금융부문을 분석대상으로 한다. | 439 | null | translation | The model is a multisectoral model that incorporates the asset selection theory of the Keynesian tradition and the exchange rate determination theory of the monetarist tradition into the Walrasian tradition of CGE models, and it targets both the real sector and the financial sector for analysis. | {} | {} |
pos-991 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 439 | 0 | translation_chunk | The model is a multisectoral model that incorporates the asset selection theory of the Keynesian tradition and the exchange rate determination theory | 439 | 1 | translation_chunk | of the monetarist tradition into the Walrasian tradition of CGE models, and it targets both the real sector and the financial sector for analysis. | {} | {} |
pos-992 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 440 | null | sentence | 본고에 서 사용된 CGE 모형에서는 저축과 투자의 일치는 물가지수에 의해 조정되는 케 인지언 방식의 거시마감방식을 채택하고 있다. | 440 | null | translation | In the CGE model used in this paper, the alignment of savings and investment adopts a Keynesian macro-closure approach adjusted by the price index. | {} | {} |
pos-993 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 441 | null | sentence | 비록 약관규제법이 명시하고 있지는 않으나, 우선 법령에 구속되는 법관이 법령의 공정성 여부를 법규범을 의미한다. | 441 | null | translation | Although the Terms and Conditions Regulation Act does not explicitly state, it refers to a judge who is bound by the law and determines the fairness of the law based on legal norms. | {} | {} |
pos-994 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 441 | 0 | translation_chunk | Although the Terms and Conditions Regulation Act does not explicitly state, it refers to a | 441 | 1 | translation_chunk | judge who is bound by the law and determines the fairness of the law based on legal norms. | {} | {} |
pos-995 | 1 | positive | sentence_chunk_internal | 442 | 0 | sentence_chunk | 한편, Corsetti and Pessenti는 Obstfeld and Rogoff와 동일한 새 개방경제모형에서 가계가 로그효용함수를 | 442 | 1 | sentence_chunk | 갖고 2국가 의 소비구성이 동일할 경우, 환율의 물가전이가 완 전하게 되면 내쉬와 통화정책공조의 이익이 동일해진다는 결과를 도출한다. | {} | {} |
pos-996 | 1 | positive | sentence_translation | 442 | null | sentence | 한편, Corsetti and Pessenti는 Obstfeld and Rogoff와 동일한 새 개방경제모형에서 가계가 로그효용함수를 갖고 2국가 의 소비구성이 동일할 경우, 환율의 물가전이가 완 전하게 되면 내쉬와 통화정책공조의 이익이 동일해진다는 결과를 도출한다. | 442 | null | translation | Meanwhile, in the new open economic model, which is the same as Obstfeld and Rogoff, when households have a log utility function and the consumption composition of the two countries is the same, Corsetti and Pessenti derive the result that the interests of monetary policy cooperation with Nash become the same when the ... | {} | {} |
pos-997 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 442 | 0 | translation_chunk | Meanwhile, in the new open economic model, which is the same as Obstfeld and Rogoff, when households have a log utility | 442 | 1 | translation_chunk | function and the consumption composition of the two countries is the same, Corsetti and Pessenti derive the result | {} | {} |
pos-998 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 442 | 0 | translation_chunk | Meanwhile, in the new open economic model, which is the same as Obstfeld and Rogoff, when households have a log utility | 442 | 2 | translation_chunk | that the interests of monetary policy cooperation with Nash become the same when the price of the exchange rate is eased. | {} | {} |
pos-999 | 1 | positive | translation_chunk_internal | 442 | 1 | translation_chunk | function and the consumption composition of the two countries is the same, Corsetti and Pessenti derive the result | 442 | 2 | translation_chunk | that the interests of monetary policy cooperation with Nash become the same when the price of the exchange rate is eased. | {} | {} |
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