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77206993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Slunj	Siege of Slunj	The JNA’s slow drive toward Slunj began in early November, as Bulat’s tactical group converged on the town, systematically destroying Croatian villages in its path. The JNA/TO advance appears to have featured successive drives by the reinforced battle groups, each moving along a main road and probably led by a company of armor and/or self-propelled air defense vehicles; flanking infantry probably were detailed to clear the areas alongside the road. On approaching a Croatian village, tank and artillery fire would suppress any defenders and scare away the residents; the JNA and TO then burned the village. RV i PVO fighter-bombers supplemented these attacks. The JNA’s road-bound methods and limited infantry, however, made Bulat’s force vulnerable to Croatian hit-and-run attacks from the region’s heavily forested hills and mountains, and attacks like these appear to have slowed the advance. The main push, from the Plitvice Lakes area toward Slunj, had barely reached the outskirts of Rakovica by 12 November—an advance of only two or three kilometers. The secondary attack toward Saborsko also moved slowly. Over the next week, however, the advance gained momentum and finally rolled over Slunj and its surrounding villages between 16 and 18 November.'9 Over the next ten days JNA and TO troops slowly pursued Croatian forces retreating toward the last Croatian stronghold at Cetingrad, on the Bosnian border. It fell on 27 November. Aftermath The fall of Slunj represented a significant loss for the HV because this created a link between what was to be the northern half of the RSK centered around Petrinja-Karlovac and the southern portion near Knin. This was a strategic success that enabled further operations in the region. During the Serb occupation of Slunj and surrounding areas 300 Croat soldiers were killed and until 1995, 297 Croat civilians were killed in several war crimes, most victims were the elderly, women and children.	2
77208325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha%20Wiernik	Bertha Wiernik	Bertha Wiernik (March 21, 1884 – 1951) was a Lithuanian-born American writer who wrote for Jewish publications in English and Yiddish. Bertha Wiernik was born on March 21, 1884 in Vilnius, the daughter of Hirsch Wolf Wiernik, a maggid, and Sarah Rachel (Milchiger) Wiernik, a merchant. She was the younger sister of journalist and essayist Peter Wiernik. She emigrated to the United States in 1887 and grew up in Chicago. While living in Chicago, she attended public school and studied Hebrew and the Bible in private lessons with a rabbi. She worked at a Hebrew weekly Ha-Tehiyah as a typesetter. In 1903, she relocated to New York City. Initially writing under the pseudonym Shulamit, she began publishing in Jewish publications in 1899. She published poems, stories, and translations of Yiddish literary classics in Der Kol, Jewish Courier, Jewish Herald, and Yidishes Ṭageblaṭṭ (Jewish Daily News). Her near future science fiction story "The Menorah Spangled Ship" appeared in the April 23 and 28, 1919 issues of Yidishes Ṭageblaṭt. In the story, Jewish refugees in London build a gigantic reconstruction of the Lusitania to bring Jews to the Land of the Chosen People. Her translation work included Slavery or Serfdom, a Jewish version of Uncle Tom's Cabin by Isaac Mayer Dick and contributing to the English-Yiddish Encyclopedic Dictionary, edited by Paul Abelson (1915).	1.976563
77208325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha%20Wiernik	Bertha Wiernik	Wiernik's anti-communist drama Destruction premiered at the Chanin Auditorium on the 50th floor of the Chanin Building on June 30, 1932. Performed by the American Classic Players, Destruction tells the story of Eleazur Amon (Claude Tosnik), the son of a minister who is recruited into communism by Dr. Porzowsky, but his father Josiah Amon rescues him from a communist meeting. Poorly reviewed, the play lasted for a single performance. Billboard called it "one of those earnest little dramas--so earnest it hurts--which are so incompetent that anybody but a theory-mad fanatic would realize their utter dramatic hopelessness at first glance." The New York Times wrote it "was modestly described as 'the play that would unite the world.' Last night it did succeed in uniting its audience in one common desire - to escape to the exits and elevators as quickly as possible." The play was reworked as Hate Planters, premiering at the Heckscher Theatre on May 23, 1933 starring Jules Dassin as Eleazur. Wiernik also wrote the Yiddish-language dramas Lomir makhn a pshore (Let’s make a compromise), Di teyve (The [Noah’s] ark), Misis peddler (Mrs. Peddler), and Nokh nisht (Not yet). After Wiernik's brother died in 1936, she withdrew from the public scene and became religious. She published the drama Gaysṭige aṭomen, a religyeze drame (Spiritual atoms, a religious drama) in book form in 1946.	2.1875
77208519	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Douzou	Pierre Douzou	Pierre Douzou (August 25, 1926 – June 9, 2000) was a French biochemist and a pioneer in cryobiology who led parallel scientific careers in both civic and military institutions. He founded the field of cryoenzymology and developed antifreeze solvents, which found particularly use in agronomy. Douzou is recognized worldwide for his work in the physical chemistry of biological reactions at low temperatures. Besides his scientific research, he was a promoter of original research at the intersection between the inanimate and the living and participated in France's scientific policymaking for several decades. Education and career Douzou was born in Millau as the son of the glover Gaston Douzou. After studying at the Rodez high school, Douzou studied pharmacy at the École de santé des armées in Toulon in 1951 and later in Lyon. In 1953, Douzou entered the University of Paris and conducted research at the Radium institute (later Curie Institute) under the supervision of Moïse Haïssinsky. He completed his doctoral thesis in 1958 and was appointed a lecturer at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle by Charles Sadron in the same year. During this period, Douzou was also a biologist since 1959 and an associate researcher (maître de recherche) at the French Armed Forces Health Service in 1965. This period saw him working at the Val-de-Grâce army hospital in Paris. Douzou left the museum in 1966 and joined the Institut de biologie physico-chimique, where he was starting to establish the biospectroscopy department. Douzou worked at the École pratique des hautes études from 1971 to 1977 as the director of the laboratory for macromolecular biology.	2.421875
77209052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Louis%20Julius%20of%20Savoy	Prince Louis Julius of Savoy	Prince Louis Julius of Savoy (2 May 1660 – 13 July 1683) was an Italian soldier and the brother of the famous Savoyard leader Prince Eugene of Savoy who distinguished himself as a general in the service of the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Empire. Biography Louis Julius was born in Toulouse on 2 May 1660 to Count Eugene Maurice of Soissons and the noblewoman Olympia Mancini. From a young age he was trained for a military career. In 1672, Louis Julius' uncle, Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano invited him to Piedmont to serve the Duchy of Savoy. In 1678, Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savoy appointed him Lieutenant General of the province of Saluzzo. In 1682, he was entrusted with the command of a regiment of Dragoons, and the following year, following the advance of the massive Ottoman Armies, he joined the service of the army of the Holy Roman Empire. Louis Julius was injured due to a fall from his horse in one of the first clashes provoked by the Turks to conquer Vienna, two months before the famous Battle of Vienna. He died after a few days of agony on 13 July 1683 in Petronell, near the Habsburg capital, at just 23 years old. For his great valor he was nicknamed "Knight of Savoy". Shortly after his death, his brother Prince Eugene of Savoy also enlisted in the Imperial armies and participated in the Battle of Vienna, in which the Turks were defeated.	2.359375
77209286	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Petzoldt	Joseph Petzoldt	Petzoldt's philosophy, developed in the late 19th and early 20th century, and called "relativistic positivism" by him since 1912, was based on the positivistic-phenomenalistic philosophy of Empirio-criticism by Ernst Mach and Richard Avenarius. He emphasized the relative nature of all phenomena from the perspective of observers in line with Protagoras and the rejection of the concept of substance in line with George Berkeley, thereby eliminating the difference between "appearance" and "reality", and defined the "law of univocalness" according to which all observers must achieve a univocally determined description of processes. Vladimir Lenin in his work Materialism and Empirio-criticism (1909) criticized the views of Petzoldt and other followers of Mach as solipsism. Petzoldt was founder and first chairman of the "society for positivist philosophy" (1912–1921) which was supported by Albert Einstein, David Hilbert, Sigmund Freud, and Felix Klein, among others; and he was co-founder of the "local Berlin group" of the "international society for empirical philosophy" (1927).	2.078125
77209590	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism%20in%20Zambia	Feminism in Zambia	Organizations Organizations that deal with feminism in Zambia play a vital role in promoting gender equality and empowering women. These organizations are instrumental in challenging patriarchal norms and gender stereotypes that have perpetuated gender-based discrimination and inequality in the country. One example is the Zambia National Women's Lobby that has been at the forefront of advocating for women's political participation and representation. Through its various programs and initiatives, it has managed to increase the number of women in politics and decision-making positions, thereby giving women a voice in the political arena. The Women's Forum is also another organization that has been empowering women through training and advocacy. By providing a platform for women to share their experiences and challenges, it has created a safe space for women to speak out against gender-based violence and discrimination. The Non-Governmental Organization Coordinating Council brings together various women's rights organizations to advocate for gender equality and social justice. Through its advocacy efforts, it has managed to influence policy reforms and legal changes that promote gender equality. Women and Law in Southern Africa Zambia works to promote women's rights through legal advocacy and support. By providing legal assistance to women who have been survivors of gender-based violence, it has managed to hold perpetrators accountable for their actions. The Zambia Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response Network coordinates efforts to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. Through its various programs and initiatives, it has managed to reduce the prevalence of gender-based violence in the country. The Feminist Movement Building Initiative strengthens feminist movements and advocates for gender equality. By providing training and capacity building programs for women, it has managed to empower women to become leaders and change makers in their communities.	2.640625
77209913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Army%20Physical%20Training%20Corps%20Museum	Royal Army Physical Training Corps Museum	The Royal Army Physical Training Corps Museum is the regimental museum for the Royal Army Physical Training Corps (RAPTC) which is based in Aldershot in Hampshire. The museum is located in the grounds of the Army School of Physical Training on Fox Lines in the Military Town, and tells the story of the RAPTC from its foundation in the 1860s to the present day. The aim of the RAPTC Museum is to "educate the public and members of the Corps in the history and military accomplishments of the Corps and to promote military efficiency and encourage recruitment by public exhibit of the collection in a museum or museums or such other public places as the Trustees may from time to time decide, and to conserve, restore, repair, reconstruct and preserve objects in the collection.". The museum showcases historic and current day examples of the uniform, medals, weapons, sporting and Olympic memorabilia, personalities, trophies and training equipment used by the RAPTC. The displays show how physical training in the British Army has advanced from the first organised training sessions in the 1860s to modern concepts of fitness, health and exercise. History The RAPTC Museum was founded in 1953 to display the then nearly one century old work and achievements of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps. The Museum was in a variety of locations on the Army School of Physical Training site on Queens Avenue in Aldershot before moving to its latest premises in the former Henslow fencing room in 2012. The Galleries Through interactive and static displays, the galleries show the history and development of fitness in the British Army from the 1860s to the present through medals, uniforms, artifacts and physical training equipment. Key and notable figures in the history of the RAPTC are shown, including Frederick Hammersley and the Twelve Apostles, Sir George Malcolm Fox, Audrey Williamson, Dame Kelly Holmes, etc.	2.859375
77210374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmotho%C3%AB	Harmothoë	In Greek mythology, Harmothoë () is a minor character, the wife of Pandareus and the mother of his children. Harmothoë usually joins Pandareus in his demise when he angers the gods. Family Harmothoë's parentage and homeland are unknown. She married Pandareus, who hailed from Asia Minor, and had three daughters by him; Aëdon, Cleothera and Merope. Pausanias calls the later two Cameiro and Clytie, while Antoninus Liberalis writes that Pandareus and his wife (whom he does not name) had two daughters named Aëdon and Chelidon and an unnamed son. Mythology After her husband failed to steal a golden dog from Zeus, he and Harmothoë fled to Sicily where they perished miserably. Following their deaths, Aphrodite, Hera and Athena took care of their daughters Cleothera and Merope, but when Aphrodite tried to find them husbands, strong winds carried them away and they became handmaidens to the Furies; Aëdon meanwhile was wed to Zethus and bore him a son named Itylus. In a myth preserved by Antoninus Liberalis (who does not confirm the identity of Pandareus's wife as Harmothoë), Aëdon's husband Polytechnus rapes and forces the virgin Chelidon into slavedom. The two sisters manage to escape and find shelter with their parents, while their servants tie up Polytechnus, smear him with honey and leave him to the insects. Aëdon however pitied him so she kept the flies at bay. Pandareus, the wife and the brother perceived this as betrayal, and tried to attack Aëdon. Zeus then transformed the entire family and Polytechnus into birds, with the wife becoming a kingfisher.	2.5
77210813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Dhein%20massacre	1987 Dhein massacre	Police role During the massacre, the police largely abandoned their duties, with many leaving the scene as the violence began. Eyewitnesses described a policeman in traditional attire participating in the killings, including the murder of Deng Alwel, a Dinka chief. Additionally, some police extorted money from the Dinkas, demanding 5 Sudanese pound (£Sd) for protection, which about thirty Dinkas paid. Internally, the police were disorganised. Deputy Chief of Police Ali al-Manna was in shock and failed to give coherent orders, eventually retreating to his office. In contrast, officer Abdel-Rahman al-Fideili, a Rizeigat, actively defended the Dinkas by shooting at the attackers. Premeditation A policeman informed Ariek Piol, a Dinka leader, on 26 March about an impending attack, advising the Dinkas to leave. Despite his warnings, most did not believe him, though a few left on Friday morning. The police also summoned Dinka leaders on the same day, advising them to stay home and avoid large gatherings. The police force was on alert from 25 March to the evening of 27 March. Additionally, survivor Agol Akol overheard a conversation about expelling the Dinkas from Dhein four days before the massacre but was not believed when she reported it.	2.34375
77211023	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text%20shaping	Text shaping	Text shaping is the process of converting text to glyph indices and positions as part of text rendering. It is complementary to font rendering as part of the text rendering process; font rendering is used to generate the glyphs, and text shaping decides which glyphs to render and where they should be put on the image plane. Unicode is generally used to specify the text to be rendered. Text shaping results in substantially better results on Latin script; for some scripts with complex text layout such as Arabic script, text shaping is necessary for text to be readable at all. Most graphical user interface systems, including those in MacOS, iOS, and Microsoft Windows have their own native text rendering engines that include text shaping. Microsoft's Uniscribe framework permits the use of pluggable shaping engines. Monotype's WorldType system also provides shaping functions. In the open source world, HarfBuzz is a popular text shaping engine. According to HarfBuzz's developers, HarfBuzz is used by a range of software products including Android, Chrome, ChromeOS, Firefox, GNOME, GTK+, KDE, Qt, LibreOffice, OpenJDK, XeTeX, PlayStation, Microsoft Edge, Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, and Godot Engine. Text shaping engines require descriptions of shaping properties and rules packaged in a format known as a shaping model. Shaping models include OpenType Layout, Graphite, and Apple Advanced Typography.	2.59375
77211074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherko%20Fatah	Sherko Fatah	Sherko Fatah () is a German writer of descent from Iraqi Kurdistan. A novelist, his stories often address the violence in the Middle East, especially in Kurdish areas. Fatah has won many awards for his contributions to German literature, including the Adelbert von Chamisso Prize. Life Born in East Berlin on 28 November 1964 to an Iraqi-Kurdish father, Sherko Fatah studied philosophy and art history in West Berlin before he completed his studies with a master's degree in philosophical hermeneutics. Today, Sherko Fatah lives in Berlin as a freelance writer, while also being a member of the PEN Centre Germany. He is married as well. Works Sherko Fatah's novels touch on topics based on the violent conflicts in the Kurdish parts of Iraq, Iran and Turkey, including the genocidal attacks against Kurdish people by the Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein. Novels Im Grenzland (2001) Donnie (2002) Onkelchen (2004) Das dunkle Schiff (2008) later translated into English by Martin Chalmers (2015) Der letze Ort (2014) Schwarzer September (2019) Academic work Fatah contributed to parts of the book and journal Die neue Weltliteratur und ihre großen Erzähler in 2014 under direction of Austrian cultural commentator Sigrid Löffler. Reception In 2005, the Lire literary magazine named Sherko Fatah in their list 50 Writers of Tomorrow. Fatah's novel The Dark Ship was also adapted into a radio play which was broadcast on the Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Awards Stadtschreiber von Bergen –2017 Adelbert von Chamisso Prize – 2019 Book awards Aspekte-Literaturpreis – 2001 Hilde-Domin-Preis für Literatur im Exil – 2007 German Book Prize – 2008	1.921875
77211815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower%20East%20and%20Carlyle	Eisenhower East and Carlyle	Alexandria African American Heritage Park The Alexandria African American Heritage Park, donated to the city by Norfolk Southern in 1995, is located in the Eisenhower Valley, at the foot of the adjacent Wilkes Street Cemetery Complex. The 7.6-acre park is a satellite of the Alexandria Black History Museum, and was designed by landscape architectural firm EDAW. It contains sculptures by Jerome Meadows, a Washington, D.C.-based artist. The focal point of the park is a group of bronze trees titled Truths That Rise From the Roots Remembered, and other sculptures around the site further commemorate Alexandria's black history. Included in the park are the remains of the Black Baptist Cemetery, which had been established in 1885 but was later abandoned; 28 burials on the site are known, and six headstones have been reerected as memorials to those buried there. A wetland area provides a home for a variety of wildlife. Hooff's Run, a tributary of Great Hunting Creek, runs through the park; a bridge constructed by the Orange and Alexandria Railroad in 1856 crosses the Run at the edge of the park, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Transit The area is served by the Eisenhower Avenue Washington Metro and the King Street station of the Washington Metro and the adjacent Alexandria station (officially called Alexandria Union Station) with Virginia Railway Express and Amtrak rail service and DASH (routes: OTC, 30, 31, 32, 33, 102) and WMATA Metrobus (routes: 28A, 29K, 29N, NH2, REX) service to the wider Washington metropolitan area.	2.71875
77212389	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanshila%20%28Mithila%29	Gyanshila (Mithila)	Gyanshila (romanised: Jñānaśilam) also called as Jnanakshetram is one of the various names of Mithila region in Brihadvishnupurana. This name is a descriptive epithet of the region. Etymology Gyanshila is a composite Sanskrit word made by the composition of words Gyan and Shila. Gyan means knowledge and Shila means place. Similarly Jnanakshetram is also the composite Sanskrit word made by the composition of words Jnana and Kshetram. Jnana means knowledge and Kshetram means area. The meaning of the both words Gyanshila and Jnanakshetram is the place or area where knowledge is acquired. Description According to Brihadvishnupurana, there are twelve names of the Mithila region. Apart from the name Mithila, its twelve names are "Tirabhukti, Videha, Nemikanan, Gyanshila, Kripapith, Swarnlalangalpadhati, Janki Janmabhumi, Nirapeksha, Vikalmasa, Ramanand Kuti, Vishwabhamini and Nityanangla". Apart from these names some books also mentioned the name Jnanakshetram or Jñānaśilam instead of Gyanshila. In Ramayana, the court of King Janaka attracted scholars from different parts of the Indian Subcontinent. The court of Janaka was the center of discussion of knowledge between the scholars. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad gives the account of the Shastrarthas organized by the King Janaka at his court. In these Shastrarthas there was exchange of knowledge among the scholars. The translation of Gyanshila or Jnanakshetram is the home of knowledge. Thus the Gyanshila or Jnanakshetram name of Mithila signifies a descriptive epithet of the region.	2.75
77212428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bella%20Salomon	Bella Salomon	Bella Salomon (née Itzig) (8 November 1749 - 9 March 1824) was a prominent Jewish collector of music. Along with her more famous sister Sara Levy she was influential in maintaining the musical legacy of Johann Sebastian Bach. She was also the grandmother of Felix Mendelssohn. Family life Bella was born in Berlin on 8 November 1749. She was one of the fifteen children of the Prussian Court Jew and banker Daniel Itzig and his wife Mariane (Miriam), née Wulff. She was the sister of Fanny von Arnstein, Cäcilie von Eskeles (Zippora Wulff) and Sara Levy. Bella was also known in her family as Bilka and Babette. Bella married Levin Jacob Salomon (1738-1783) with whom she had four children: Rebekah (born 1776) married Bernhard Seligman. Lea (born 1777) married Abraham Mendelssohn, and their children were Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn. Jakob Salomon Bartholdy (born 1779) became a Prussian diplomat and patron of the arts. Bella’s last child was Isaac (born 1782). Musical interests Bella’s parents placed great value on ensuring that all of their children had a broad-based education, in which music in particular played a central role. From the early years of her childhood the music of Johann Sebastian Bach was cultivated in the family, and her father chose Bach’s pupil Johann Philipp Kirnberger to be piano teacher both to Bella and her older sister Johannet. Both Bella and Sara were involved in the activities of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin. While Sara performed on the harpsichord, Bella sang in the choir. In 1824 Bella Salomon made Felix a gift of a copyist's manuscript score of J.S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion. It is likely that this was a present for his fifteenth birthday. Mendelssohn devoted the next five years to studying and understanding the work before putting on the first Berlin performance of it in 1829. The work proved immensely popular and this concert is often considered to be the first important step in the revival of public appreciation of Bach, and of other early composers more generally.	2.3125
77212566	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puttea	Puttea	Puttea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi with uncertain familial placement in the order Lecanorales. The genus comprises four species. Finnish lichenologists Soili Stenroos and Seppo Huhtinen established the genus Puttea in 2009 for the lichen species formerly known as Lecidea margaritella, which has undergone various reclassifications. Molecular phylogenetics analyses have shown that Puttea margaritella does not align closely with genera like Fellhanera or Micarea, but its precise familial placement remains uncertain. Puttea is characterized by an indistinct, lichenized thallus composed of delicate fungal filaments and small algal cells. Its minute, round, whitish apothecia (fruiting bodies) lack a distinct margin, and the asci, or spore-producing cells, are thick-walled, club-shaped, and contain eight spores, showing specific reactions with iodine-based stains. The type species of the genus, Puttea margaritella, typically inhabits boreal forests, growing on the liverwort species Ptilidium pulcherrimum and sometimes on decaying wood or bark. Initially thought to be confined to Europe, it has since been found in North America, particularly in Alaska and Québec, extending its known range. The species is parasitic, damaging its host, and is considered rare within its distribution. Systematics Historical taxonomy	2.546875
69674784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ese%20%28river%29	Ese (river)	The Ese () is a river in the department of Corse-du-Sud, Corsica, France. It is a tributary of the Prunelli river, which it joins in the Lac de Tolla. Course The Ese is long. It crosses the communes of Bastelica, Ciamannacce, Frasseto, Guitera-les-Bains, Tasso and Tolla. It rises in the commune of Ciamannacce to the north of the Monte Giovanni. It passes a ski resort, the Val d'Ese, in its upper reaches. It flows in a generally southwest direction, then turns west and joins the Prunelli at the head of Lac de Tolla. The D27a leads from Bastelica for to the Ese plateau at . In winter there is a downhill and cross-country ski resort here. If there is no snow, visitors can hike in the Pozzines. Lower down, the Ese is crossed by the magnificent Zipitoli Genoese bridge near its confluence with the Prunelli. The bridge is near the point where the D27 crosses the Ese, and can be reached by a short walk. The Lac de Tolla is formed by a dam (Barrage de Tolla) on the Prunelli river. The Ruisseau d'Agnone and the Ese River also empty into the lake. It is in the commune of Tolla just south of the village of Tolla. Lake Tolla is at an altitude of . Tributaries The following streams (ruisseaux) are tributaries of the Ese (ordered by length): Calderanolla: Majalei: Catagna: Pisciancone: Bottaggio: Piscia: Biettajo: l'Imbuto: Revorgeto: Particacceto: Paratella: Chiova: Campolongo:	1.914063
69674876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20Theatre%20%28New%20York%20City%29	Embassy Theatre (New York City)	In October 1929, William Fox took over the Embassy, with plans to use the theater exclusively for displaying Movietone newsreels. The theater was the first of its kind to feature newsreels with sound (although the first sound newsreel had been created in 1927 at the Sam H. Harris Theatre), and it was the first exclusive newsreel theater in the U.S. The Embassy incurred a relatively high cost of $500 per week for one reel, a price no one was willing to pay. The first newsreel was screened on November 2, 1929, with footage of news items such as the city's 1929 mayoral election debates and the Wall Street Crash. There was a ticket price of 25 cents () for an hour-long show. Screenings took place every hour from 10 a.m. to midnight. As part of an opening-week promotion, the Embassy distributed tickets to thousands of residents. The renamed Embassy Newsreel Theatre saw six or seven thousand visitors per day in its first two weeks as a newsreel theater. The newsreels were completely changed every week, and the theater was on the heavily traveled Times Square, adding to the Embassy's popularity. By 1930, Movietone's editor E. L. Harvey said the Embassy had "far outgrown its original plans" of being "a show window on Broadway for Fox News". The Embassy's newsreels included the first sound reel of a whale being captured; a tribute to U.S. president Calvin Coolidge; the rise of Adolf Hitler; appearances by Pope Pius XI and J. P. Morgan Jr. and the trial and sentencing of several men who kidnapped oil magnate Charles F. Urschel. Fox Movietone published advertisements saying, "The Embassy Newsreel grossed more than $11,000 in a 550-seat house showing only Fox Movietone News."	2.109375
69674876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20Theatre%20%28New%20York%20City%29	Embassy Theatre (New York City)	The Embassy Theatre's lease expired in January 1934, and the theater was dark for several weeks because of conflicts over the lease. In early February 1934, the Bethlehem Engineering Corporation leased the theater to Newsreel Theatres Inc., managed by Francis C. Wood Jr. Newsreel Theatres Inc. announced plans to reopen the Embassy for newsreel use, and the theater reopened on February 12, 1934, as the Embassy Pathé News Theatre, showing newsreels from Pathé News. The theater had 9,000 visitors in the first four days after it reopened. Among the newsreel stories shown at the Embassy under Pathé News' operation were Bruno Richard Hauptmann's trial in 1935, as well as a 1938 film on the Nazi Party. William French Githens, who helped run Newsreel Theatres Inc. with Francis Carter Wood Jr., recalled that U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt was "the greatest single attraction", with patrons flocking by the hundreds to watch Roosevelt's fireside chats. The Embassy Newsreel continued into the 1940s despite the growing popularity of the television. The Embassy Newsreel Theatre grew into a chain with locations on 50th and 72nd Street as well as the original theater on Times Square. As a whole, the newsreel industry was impacted negatively by World War II, when studios began sharing footage with each other to reduce costs, which consequently resulted in a decrease in competition between newsreel studios (and thus less content). Furthermore, there was growing criticism of the newsreels' tendencies to dramatize factual events, as well as the fact that newsreels discussed stories in a decreasing order of importance. In November 1949, it was announced that the Embassy would revert to showing feature films. Githens said he had decided to return the Embassy to cinematic use specifically because newsreels could no longer compete with television.	2.09375
69674876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20Theatre%20%28New%20York%20City%29	Embassy Theatre (New York City)	Return to feature films Norman Elson, a son-in-law of prolific theater architect Herbert J. Krapp, took over the Embassy in 1950. When the Embassy was revived as a feature-film theater, it was renamed the "Broadway-Embassy", with the films Quartet and The Hidden Room. The Broadway Embassy had only showed films for two months when it returned to showing newsreel clips during the daytime in January 1950. Under the new policy, the newsreels were changed every Wednesday and Sunday, with a 25-cent admission price between 5 p.m. That April, the Embassy's management considered showing feature films that had won Academy Awards. Under the reinstated newsreel policy, the Embassy showed the documentary Cassino to Korea in 1950. The Embassy was often used for showing short documentaries, which were advertised on the outer lobby's signs, during the early 1950s. By December 1952, the theater had again returned to showing feature films because newsreels were facing greater competition from television. The Embassy's features in the 1960s included numerous French and Italian films. During this decade, Alfie ran at the Embassy for over six months in 1966, being the longest-running English-language film to be shown at the theater. This was followed in the 1970s by films such as Take a Girl Like You (1970) and Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973). In its later years, the Embassy Theatre on Times Square was also called the Embassy I to distinguish it from similarly named theaters in Manhattan.	2.171875
69675310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20Queimadelos	Rita Fernández Queimadelos	In 1941 Fernández Queimadelos acquired her architect license becoming the first female architect to officially sign her own architectural projects in Spain. Career After graduation one of Fernández Queimadelos’ teachers Modesto López Otero offered her to work in the project of Devastated Regions of Madrid where she worked as an architect from 1941 in 1946. At the same time she worked as a freelance architect for the Crist real estate agency in Murcia and in Madrid. Fernández Queimadelos is considered the first freelance architect in Spain. After the birth of her third daughter, Elena, in December 1947, she interrupted her professional practice for eight years. In 1955 Fernández Queimadelos settled in Murcia with her husband and children. There she opened a studio and worked as a provincial architect building schools from 1960 to 1967. From 1962 to 1967 Fernández Queimadelos worked as a Municipal Architect of Mula. In 1973, Fernández Queimadelos moved to Barcelona where her husband obtained the position of Professor of Applied Inorganic Chemistry at the Faculty of Pharmacy at the Central University of Barcelona. There she stopped her professional practice, except for some sporadic projects, retiring in 1979. Rita Fernández Queimadelos died on 26 September 2008 in Barcelona at the age of 97. Personal life In May 1942, Rita Fernández Queimadelos married Vicente Iranzo Rubio, a graduate of the Faculty of Science of the Central University of Madrid. They had six children: Vicente (1943), Rita (1945), Elena (1947), Dolores (1948), the fourth daughter who dies shortly after birth (1949) and Pilar (1952). Fernández Queimadelos’ daughter Elena died in 2004.	2.3125
69675430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20Detachment%2C%20Air%20Warning%20Service%2C%20Philippines	Marine Detachment, Air Warning Service, Philippines	In March 1942, short on gasoline and only operating periodically, the detachment packed up gear and moved to a hidden spot in the jungle on high ground about a mile from Bataan Airfield. The detachment served as part of an early warning system and was linked to headquarters of the 5th Interceptor Command at Mariveles. Takeoffs and landings by the Bataan Field Flying Detachment required towing of P-40s off the runways to and from hidden revetments, and the aircraft were vulnerable to strafing during this time. The ad hoc system facilitated coordination of field operations, and while imperfect, no aircraft were lost during takeoffs or landings. By the first week in April, the radar detachment's usefulness had run its course. There were no more aircraft to provide early warning for as the only aircraft flying were D17 Beechcraft ferrying personnel and equipment to the southern Philippines. The Japanese were very near the detachment's position and the Marines also were suffering from dysentery, dyspepsia, malaria, and malnutrition. On the afternoon of 8 April, the detachment received orders to break down their radar site and prepare to move to Mariveles to stage for transit to Corregidor. En route to Marivales they encountered an SCR-268 radar detachment from the Army's 200th Coast Artillery in the vicinity of Cabcaben Airfield. They aided the Army personnel in destroying the radar and burning the manuals before they fell into enemy hands. The Marines arrived at Mariveles at 0900 on 9 April to await further orders. During this time, while under constant attack by Japanese aerial interdiction, the detachment successfully burned the radar antenna and pushed the radar vans into Manila Bay. On 9 April, remaining members of the detachment were surrendered alongside other remaining US forces on Bataan.	2.296875
69675613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude%20Strohm	Gertrude Strohm	Gertrude Strohm (July 14, 1843 – November 4, 1927) was an American author, compiler, and game designer of Dayton, Ohio. Between 1875 and 1892, she engaged in various types of compilations including cookbooks, social fireside games, and calendars. Strohm also contributed to magazines. She died in 1927. Background and education Gertrude Strohm was born in Greene County, Ohio, July 14, 1843, and always lived in a country home from Dayton, Ohio. She was the oldest of four children. Her paternal grandparents were Henry Strohm, born in Hesse Darmstadt, and Mary Le Fevre, a descendant of the Huguenots. Her mother, Margaret Guthrie, was the daughter of James Guthrie, who went from the Eastern U.S. to Greene County in the early part of the 19th-century. Her mother was Elizabeth Ainsworth, whose first husband was Hugh Andrews. Gertrude's father, Isaac Strohm, was engaged nearly all his life in Government service in Washington, D.C., first in the Treasury Department, then for sixteen years the chief enrolling and engrossing clerk in the Congress, and latterly in the War Department. He wrote much for the press. When a young man, he was a contributor to Horace Greeley's New Yorker, and wrote poems and sketches for Sartain's Magazine, the Southern Literary Messenger, and other periodicals. Gertrude's siblings included Elizabeth, Mary, Harry, and Edwin. Strohm was educated at home and at Girls' Seminary, Washington, D.C., but her studies were interrupted by ill health. Career Stroh engaged in various types of compilations. She also made many reward cards and Sunday school concert exercises. Game designer Her first publication was a social game she made and arranged, entitled, "Popping the Question". It was published in Boston and afterward sold to a New York firm, who republished it, and it was again brought out in an attractive edition for the holiday trade of 1891. She made three games for a Springfield, Massachusetts, firm, the last called "Novel Fortune Telling", composed wholly of titles of novels. Author	2.09375
69675966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n%20Vidal	Adrián Vidal	Adrián J. Vidal (May 9, 1845–June 14, 1865) was a Mexican soldier who fought in both the American Civil War (for both the Confederate and Union Armies) and the Mexican War against France in the 1860s. He served the Confederate States of America Army from October 1862 to 1863, when he and his troops defected. He was branded a traitor, having killed one Confederate soldier, wounded another, and killed as many as ten or more individuals. He was said to have planned an attack on Brownsville after defecting from the Confederate Army. In the end, General Hamilton P. Bee ordered that Fort Brown and Brownsville be set on fire, destroying large quantities of cotton and military goods under the watchful eyes of 400 Union troops as well as Juan Cortina and his soldiers on the opposite bank of the Rio Grande. The next month, he enlisted in the Union Army, serving just six months. During that time he captured an Army tugboat and its crew. He then fought under General Juan Cortina during the Second French intervention in Mexico. Vidal was captured by the French who executed him by a firing squad in June 1865. Early life Adrian Vidal was born to an upper-class family in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico on May 9, 1845. His father was Luis Vidal, a man of Greek descent who served as a colonel in the Mexican Army. His mother was Petra (Vela) de Vidal Kenedy, whose father was Gregorio Vela, who was the provincial Governor of the Wild Horse Desert Region in northern Mexico, responsible for the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers in what is now the state of Texas.	2.15625
69676148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howling	Howling	Howling consists of a fundamental frequency that may lie between 150 and 780 Hz, and consists of up to 12 harmonically related overtones. The pitch usually remains constant or varies smoothly and may change direction as many as four or five times. Howls used for calling pack mates to a kill are long, smooth sounds similar to the beginning of the cry of a great horned owl. When pursuing prey, they emit a higher pitched howl, vibrating on two notes. When closing in on their prey, they emit a combination of a short bark and a howl. When howling together, wolves harmonize rather than chorus on the same note, thus creating the illusion of there being more wolves than there actually are. Lone wolves typically avoid howling in areas where other packs are present. Wolves from different geographic locations may howl in different fashions: the howls of European wolves are much more protracted and melodious than those of North American wolves, whose howls are louder and have a stronger emphasis on the first syllable. One variation of the howl is accompanied by a high pitched whine, which precedes a lunging attack. Scent marking is more effective at advertising territory than howling and is often used in combination with scratch marks. The howling of wolves and coyotes is similar, prompting early European explorers of the Americas to confuse the animals. One record from 1750 in Kaskaskia, Illinois, written by a local priest, noted that the "wolves" encountered there were smaller and less daring than European wolves. Another account from the early 1800s in Edwards County mentioned wolves howling at night, though these were likely coyotes.	3.296875
69676148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howling	Howling	Human accounts of wolf behavior are typified by depictions of howling, and this has been incorporated into fictional and mythical representations, such as the werewolf. Virgil, in his poetic work Eclogues, wrote about a man called Moeris, who used herbs and poisons picked in his native Pontus to turn himself into a wolf. An examination of Virgil's work notes that "[t]he howling of wolves is portentous; it is cited among the baleful omens at the assassination of Julius Caesar and the advent of renewed civil strife". In prose, the Satyricon, written circa AD 60 by Gaius Petronius Arbiter, one of the characters, Niceros, tells a story at a banquet about a friend who turned into a wolf (chs. 61–62). He describes the incident as follows, "When I look for my buddy I see he'd stripped and piled his clothes by the roadside... He pees in a circle round his clothes and then, just like that, turns into a wolf!... after he turned into a wolf he started howling and then ran off into the woods." Such depictions have become a staple of modern depictions of werewolves and other monstrous dogs, leading to their central position in media such as The Howling media franchise, the 2012 Korean film, Howling, and the 2015 British film, Howl. Howling by humans has historically been associated with wildness and madness. The howling of wolves has been described as "perhaps the most evocative sound of any wild creature", alternately beautiful and dismal, and consequently recordings of howling have sometimes been incorporated into music. Although wolves howling at the Moon is a myth, it is also one that has made its way into human imagery of wolves, as with the Three Wolf Moon t-shirt meme.	2.71875
69676178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20history%20of%20Finland	Political history of Finland	Finland's first political parties grew out of the language struggle. Those advocating full rights for Finnish-speakers formed the so-called Fennoman group that by the 1890s had split into the Old Finns and the Young Finns, the former mainly concerned with the language question, the latter urging the introduction of political liberalism. The Swedish-speaking community formed a short-lived Liberal Party. As the century drew to a close and the Fennoman movement had achieved its principal goals, economic issues and relations with the tsarist empire came to dominate politics. Over time Finland's modernizing economy encouraged the formation of social groups with specific, and sometimes opposing, interests. In addition to the Finnish movement's Old and Young Finns, other political organizations came into being. Because the existing political groups did not adequately represent labor's interests, a workers' party was formed at the end of the century. In 1903 it became the Finnish Social Democratic Party (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue or SDP). At the same time labor was organizing itself, the farmers began a cooperative movement; in 1907 they formed the Agrarian Party (Maalaisliitto). The Swedish People's Party (Svenska Folkpartiet or SFP), also dating from this period, was formed to serve the entire Swedish-speaking population.	2.65625
69676178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20history%20of%20Finland	Political history of Finland	The time of independence (1917–present) The Finnish Senate issued a declaration of independence on December 6, 1917, after Russia's second revolution in October 1917. The Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia, chaired by Lenin, recognized Finland's independence on December 31, 1917, and soon after that many other states followed. On January 28, 1918, a civil war broke out that ended in the victory of German-backed Whites against Bolsheviks-backed Reds. In the same year, the volunteers made some armed expeditions into Soviet Russia, including Karelia, and also Estonia. Peace with Soviet Russia was established in Tartu on November 14, 1920. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940 and in the Continuation War of 1941–1944. After the ceasefire on September 4, 1944, the weapons had to be turned at the request of the Soviet Union against Germany in the Lapland War of 1944–1945. Independence, civil war and the inter-war period The second Russian revolution allowed Finland to break away from the Russian empire, and independence was declared on 6 December 1917. Within weeks, domestic political differences led to a Finnish Civil War that lasted until May 1918, when right-wing forces, with some German assistance, were able to claim victory. As a consequence, Finland began its existence as an independent state with a considerable segment of its people estranged from the holders of power, a circumstance that caused much strife in Finnish politics.	2.953125
69676295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail%20Alam	Ismail Alam	Abū al-ʿAzīz Muḥammad Ismāʿīl ʿAlī (; 1868–1937) was a Bengali politician, teacher and activist of the Khilafat Movement. He wrote poetry in Urdu under the pen name of Ālam (Urdu: ). His Diwan-i-Alam poem led to the Calcutta Alia Madrasa awarding him the title of Parrot of Bengal in 1910. Early life and family Abul Aziz Muhammad Ismail Ali was born in 1868, to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Batiail in Kanaighat, Sylhet District. His father, Mawlana Shah Abdur Rahman Qadri, was a notable mufti by occupation. His younger brother was the scholar Ibrahim Ali Tashna. The family was descended from Shah Taqiuddin, a 14th-century Sufi missionary and companion of Shah Jalal. Education Ismail initially studied at home with his father before studying at the Ajiria Madrasa in Fulbari, Golapganj. After getting good results in Arabic and Persian, he enrolled at the Calcutta Alia Madrasa and graduated in 1897. He was also a murid of Fazlur Rahman Ganj-e-Muradabadi. Career Along with his Bengali mother-tongue, Ismail Alam became a confident speaker of Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. This enabled him to play an important role in the subcontinent-wide Khilafat Movement, in addition to writing poetry. He used to judicial work. He also taught Hadith studies at the Madinatul Uloom, Gauripur in Assam, Jhingabari Senior Fazil Madrasa, and Sylhet Government Alia Madrasa. Works Ismail Alam mainly wrote poetry in the Persian and Urdu languages, which was common among the upper-class Muslims of South Asia. His magnum opus, titled Diwan-i-Alam was noticed by William Hamilton Harley, the erstwhile principal of Calcutta Alia Madrasa. Harley awarded Alam the title of Banglar Tota, or the Parrot of Bengal. Alam composed the diwan in 1910 from Kanpur in North India when he was in Qayyumi, Waqiee Mahalla, Tikapur. It contained a sirah and various naʽats dedicated to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Anjab Ali Shawq, another Urdu poet of Bengal, referred to Alam as his teacher of poetry.	2.53125
69676342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Shiromoni	Battle of Shiromoni	Ambush at Badamtola The Battle of Shiromoni officially started on 13th December. The Mukti Bahini under the command of Major Manzur started to fire heavily with machine guns at Pakistani soldiers stationed at Shiromoni. Simultaneously, the Indian forces established communication with Kolkata to launch air strikes at Shiromoni. The Pakistanis also retaliated with heavy fire through their tanks and ammunitions but suffered immense losses. The next day, seeing no signs of aggression from the Pakistanis, Major Mahendra Singh of the Indian Army thought the Pakistanis might have left Shiromoni and retreated south towards Khulna. For this reason, they were contemplating to move towards Khulna to chase the enemy. Even though Major Manzur asked the Indians to maintain caution, the Indian army under the command of Major Mahendra Singh and Major Gani took 28 vehicles and started to move towards Khulna. On their way to Khulna, after passing through Shiromoni and getting near Badamtola, the Indians faced an ambush by the Pakistani military. Among the 28 vehicles, 26 vehicles got destroyed by the Pakistani Army. In the midst of this ambush, Major Gani was killed but Major Mahendra Singh was able to flee back towards Major Manzur's position at Fultola. Around 250 or 300 Indian soldiers got killed or injured at Badamtola.	1.976563
69676489	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takht-i%20Kuwad	Takht-i Kuwad	Takht-i Kuwad ("throne" or "platform of Kuwad"), also Takht-i Kuwat, Kawat, Kuad, Kawadian or Kobadian, is an archaeological site in the Kuliab district, Tajikistan. It is located near the junction of the Vakhsh and Pyandzh rivers, which continue they course as the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus). It is generally considered as the original findspot of the Oxus Treasure, which dates from the 6th to the 4th century BC. The first mention in print of the treasure was an article in a Russian newspaper in 1880, written by a Russian general who in 1879 was in the area enquiring into the Trans-Caspian railway that the Russians had just begun to construct. He recounted that local reports said that treasure had been found in the ruins of an ancient fort called "Takht-i Kuwad", which was sold to Indian merchants. The site is close to, but different from Takht-i Sangin. The site of Takht-i Sangin is immediately south of the point where the Vakhsh / Amu Darya river (the ancient Oxus) is met by the Panj river (the ancient Ochus), about five kilometres north of Takht-i Kuvad.	2.125
69677157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naohide%20Yatsu	Naohide Yatsu	Naohide Yatsu (September 8, 1877 – October 2, 1947) was a Japanese biologist, geneticist, and embryologist. Yatsu received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and was a pioneer in embryonic induction and laid the foundations for zoology research in Japan. Education Yatsu was born in Tokyo in 1877. He moved to Hokkaido with his parents and attended primary school at Hokkai English School. In 1894, he graduated from Kaisei Junior High School and in 1897 he graduated from Daiichi High School. Yatsu completed his undergraduate degree in zoology at the University of Tokyo, studying with Charles Otis Whitman, a pioneer of embryology in Japan. After graduating in 1900, he attended Columbia University where he studied marine invertebrate development and conducted experimental morphology research under Edmund Beecher Wilson and Thomas Hunt Morgan. He stayed six years in the US and Europe, where he worked with MDI Biological Laboratory and published several important papers on cytology and embryology using egg cells where the nucleus had been experimentally removed. Notably, he performed experiments on the developmental potency of different parts of the egg cytoplasm of Cerebratulus where he dissected the eggs into six parts and examined the developmental potency after individually inseminating each part. After returning to Japan in 1907 as a professor of Zoology at the University of Tokyo, he changed his focus from embryology to zoology. Some have suggested this change in focus was because the Japanese biology institutions did not accept his new and revolutionary experimental approaches for analyzing embryonic development. In 1920, he was named a professor at Keio University School of medicine and was named a member of the Japan Academy in 1936. During his tenure, he served as the president of the Zoological Society of Japan for many years. He retired in 1938 and became an emeritus professor at the University of Tokyo.	2.59375
69677180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerson%20Leong	Kerson Leong	Kerson Leong (born 26 February 1997) is a Canadian violinist. He has been described by Jonathan Crow, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra concertmaster, as “not just one of Canada’s greatest violinists but 'one of the greatest violinists, period.'” Life and career Leong was born in Ottawa, Canada to a pianist mother and physicist father. He began to play the violin at age four, first receiving instruction from former Montreal Symphony Orchestra concertmaster Calvin Sieb. He soon went on to win the Grand Prize at the nationwide Canadian Music Competition for five consecutive years (2005-2009), each time receiving the highest score of any instrument or age category. In 2010, Leong won a First Prize at the Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists, which led to his first European debuts and the start of his solo performing career. He was subsequently invited to perform at the Kavli Prize ceremony in the presence of King Harald V of Norway later that year. In 2012, Leong appeared as soloist with the Vienna Chamber Orchestra performing Mozart Violin Concerto No. 4 in a special concert held at the Quirinal Palace in Rome, Italy. In 2014, Leong won the Grand Prize at the Canadian Stepping Stone Competition and was also named Classical Revelation for the season by CBC Radio-Canada. In 2016, Leong gave the world premiere of Visions, a piece by English composer John Rutter written especially for him to perform at the Temple Church in celebration of Yehudi Menuhin’s centenary. He was subsequently invited by Rutter to record the piece with him and the Aurora Orchestra the following summer and went on to premiere it in Australia, Hong Kong, the St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, and Carnegie Hall’s Stern Auditorium. In 2018, Leong was invited by Yannick Nezet-Seguin to be artist-in-residence of the Orchestre Métropolitain for the season. He was also among a select group of artists who performed at the 44th G7 summit held in Charlevoix, Quebec, Canada.	2.28125
69677518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Cresswell	Mary Cresswell	Mary Morris Cresswell (formerly Meyerhoff, née Howard; born 1937) is a poet and science writer living on the Kāpiti Coast, New Zealand. Early life Cresswell was born Mary Morris Howard in 1937 in Los Angeles, California. She grew up in Evanston, Illinois, and Los Angeles. She attended the University of California, Riverside and Stanford University, graduating from the latter with a degree in history and English literature. She was married first to the philosopher , who died in a car accident in 1965, and then married logician Max Cresswell in Los Angeles on 14 March 1970. She moved to New Zealand in 1970, and has lived in Wellington and Waikanae. Her daughter, Miriam Meyerhoff, is a sociolinguist. Career Cresswell worked for many years as a science editor, including ten years as editor of the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, and later as an editor for scientists at the Department of Conservation. Her science background infuses her poetry, which is characterised by frequent references to the natural world, "mov[ing] between people, science and nature" and demonstrating "a strong sense of respect for natural settings and features". For the Royal Society, she compiled the proceedings of the 1981 earthquake conference held in Napier held to commemorate the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake: Large earthquakes in New Zealand : anticipation, precaution, reconstruction.	2.078125
69677801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Moorsom%20%281914%29	HMS Moorsom (1914)	Moorsom was one of eight destroyers of the Tenth Flotilla sent with the destroyer leader to Dunkirk on 19 January 1917 to provide reinforcement to the Dover Patrol in the event of German torpedo attacks on the Dover Barrage and shipping in the English Channel. On 22 January, an intercepted German radio signal warned the British Admiralty that the German Sixth Torpedo Boat Flotilla was to be sent from the High Seas Fleet to reinforce their forces at Flanders. By 27 January, the destroyer was part of a flotilla, which also included , , , Morris, Nimrod and , that was to patrol east of the Schouwen Bank. The force did not see the German ships, but Moorsom was nearly accidentally rammed by , which was part of another destroyer division operating in the area, due to the lack of visibility. The warship was then given a refit, returning to Dover on 28 February. Moorsom rejoined the Dover Patrol, which now included thirteen monitors, forming part of the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla. On 11 May, the destroyer was part of the escort for the monitors , , and in their bombardment of Ostend. The operation was deemed a success as the Admiralty gained intelligence that the bombardment led to the German command doubting that Ostend was a safe haven for their warships. Moorsom formed part of the support for a similar bombardment on 5 June by Erebus and Terror. The destroyer accompanied a subsequent attack on Zeebrugge by monitors on 23 April 1918, which also included the sinking of blockships to impede the flow of German submarines leaving the port. The ship provided a similar service to the monitors that attacked Ostend on 9 May, which again included Erebus, Sir John Moore and Terror. Although this operation did not meet the expectations of the Admiralty and the port remained open, the bombardment was achieved without interference by enemy warships or the loss of any British vessel.	2.203125
69677858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative%20hearing%20of%20William%20McAndrew	Administrative hearing of William McAndrew	During the first weeks of proceedings, McAndrew sat, often reading a newspaper. On October 24, 1927, a hearing was canceled when McAndrew failed to show. Before the proceedings were canceled, Chicago Board of Education attorney Righeimer asked "what is the superintendent doing that is more important than this trial", to which McAndrew's attorney Shannon retorted, "anything is more important than this trial". It would be revealed the following day that McAndrew had been out of the city for a speaking engagement. On November 23, 1927, after six weeks, a fed-up McAndrew stood and asked whether the board would actually address the specific charge they had brought against him. Receiving no answer, he left, declaring that he would return if the Board desired to dismiss the charges. He issued the ultimatum that he would not return until the board took up the specific charges made against him. The administrative hearing would go on with McAndrew in absentia. McAndrew's lawyers joined him in refusing to attend the remainder of the hearing. During the final hearing date he attended (November 23, 1927), McAndrew attempted to have the Board read a statement he had written. The statement, in part, read, Arguments	1.921875
69678164	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Seattle%20%28Washington%29	Mount Seattle (Washington)	Mount Seattle is a mountain summit deep within Olympic National Park in Jefferson County of Washington state. Part of the Olympic Mountains, Mount Seattle is situated 7.5 miles southeast of Mount Olympus, and set within the Quinault Rainforest and Daniel J. Evans Wilderness. The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Meany, to the north-northwest, and Mount Noyes rises one mile to the northwest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into headwaters of the Elwha River, and south into tributaries of the Quinault River. Topographic relief is significant as the northeast aspect of the peak rises over above the Elwha valley in approximately 1.5-mile. Low Divide forms the saddle between Mt. Seattle and Mount Christie. History The mountain was named on April 29, 1890, by James Halbold Christie, leader of the 1889–90 Seattle Press Expedition, and Charles Adams Barnes, the expedition's topographer. Christie was sponsored by the Seattle newspaper Press, and named the mountain in honor of the city of Seattle. Observations from Mount Seattle enabled Barnes to finally complete his map of the Olympic Mountains. The first documented ascent of the summit was made in 1907 by Asahel Curtis, Grant Humes, and Lorenz Nelson who were reconnoitering for The Mountaineers first ascent attempt at Mount Olympus. Three scramble routes to the summit have been established: via Noyes Basin, via Seattle Creek Basin, and via Low Divide. Climate	2.515625
69678794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicon%20Wormatiense	Chronicon Wormatiense	The Chronicon Wormatiense is a fragmentary anonymous Latin chronicle of the city of Worms, Germany. It was probably composed in the last quarter of the 13th century. There is an English translation by David Bachrach. The original text of the Chronicon does not survive complete. The definitive critical edition, superseding earlier ones, such as the MGH edition, was published by in 1893. The most important two manuscripts are a 16th-century codex from Darmstadt and an 18th-century codex from Frankfurt. The edited Chronicon contains a short introductory paragraph on the Merovingian period. Then follows a chronological account of the years 1221–1261 plus comments on 1297 and 1298. The full extent of the original is not known. If the notes on 1297–1298 were added later, then the original may have been completed as early as the 1260s. The Chronicon combines features of two genres. On the one hand, it resembles a gesta episcoporum, a collection of short biographies of a succession of bishops, a genre which originates with the collection of papal biographies known as the Liber pontificalis. On the other hand, it resembles a municipal history, like the contemporary Annales Wormatienses. In fact, the Chronicon complements the Annales. It is the work of a clergyman written from the perspective of the bishop of Worms, while the Annales is the work of a layman whose perspective is that of the city council. One of the purposes of the anonymous author is to defend the properties, rights and prerogatives of the bishop, and to show that the interests of the citizens are best advanced under the protection of a strong bishop. As in a gesta, documents are frequently cited and sometimes copied or excerpted into the narrative to substantiate a claim. Unlike a gesta, the narrative is not organized by the lives or reigns of the bishops.	1.96875
69679338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmane%20Eastman	Charmane Eastman	Melatonin and bright light. Eastman's laboratory has conducted numerous studies using bright light or melatonin or the two combined to phase-shift human subjects in the laboratory. They generated phase response curves to two popular doses of melatonin which showed that for making circadian rhythms earlier (phase advances) melatonin was most effective when taken 5–7 hours before bedtime, rather than just before bedtime when most people take it. For making circadian rhythms later (phase delays), melatonin should be taken upon waking. Jet lag. Eastman's lab demonstrated how to start shifting circadian rhythms before flights (using bright light, sunglasses, sleep schedules and melatonin) to reduce or eliminate jet lag. Shift work. Eastman has designed sleep and light schedules that reduce the circadian misalignment that is the basis of many of the physical and psychological harms caused by shift work. Blue Light. After the discovery of the new mammalian photoreceptors in the retina (distinct from rods and cones) called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRCGs), that are most sensitive to blue light, there was much excitement in the field. Eastman's lab generated the first phase response curve to blue light. They also compared blue-enriched white light boxes with the traditional white fluorescent light boxes and found that the traditional light boxes were already emitting enough blue light for maximal results. Racial differences in human circadian rhythms. Eastman discovered that African-Americans have shorter free-running circadian periods than European-Americans, which is an advantage in our early bird dominated society. This finding also has real-world implications with regards to shift work, jet lag, and delayed sleep phase syndrome.	2.90625
69679733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Advaita%20Vedanta	History of Advaita Vedanta	Advaita Vedānta is the oldest extant tradition of Vedānta, and one of the six orthodox (āstika) Hindu philosophies (). Its history may be traced back to the start of the Common Era, but takes clear shape in the 6th-7th century CE, with the seminal works of Gaudapada, Maṇḍana Miśra, and Shankara, who is considered by tradition and Orientalist Indologists to be the most prominent exponent of the Advaita Vedānta, though the historical fame and cultural influence of Shankara grew only centuries later, particularly during the era of the Muslim invasions and consequent reign of the Indian subcontinent. The living Advaita Vedānta tradition in medieval times was influenced by, and incorporated elements from, the yogic tradition and texts like the Yoga Vasistha and the Bhagavata Purana. In the 19th century, due to the interplay between western views and Indian nationalism, Advaita came to be regarded as the paradigmatic example of Hindu spirituality, despite the numerical dominance of theistic Bkakti-oriented religiosity. In modern times, its views appear in various Neo-Vedānta movements. Historiography The historiography of Advaita Vedanta is coloured by Orientalist notions, while modern formulations of Advaita Vedānta, which developed as a reaction to western Orientalism and Perennialism have "become a dominant force in Indian intellectual thought."	2.265625
69679733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Advaita%20Vedanta	History of Advaita Vedanta	Mandukya Karika Gauḍapāda wrote or compiled the , also known as the or the . The is a commentary in verse form on the Māṇḍūkya Upanishad, one of the shortest Upanishads consisting of just 13 prose sentences. Of the ancient literature related to Advaita Vedānta, the oldest surviving complete text is the Māṇḍukya Kārikā. Many other texts with the same type of teachings and which were older than Māṇḍukya Kārikā existed and this is unquestionable because other scholars and their views are cited by Gauḍapāda, Shankara and Anandagiri, according to Hajime Nakamura. Gauḍapāda relied particularly on the Māṇḍūkya Upanishad, as well as the Brihadaranyaka and Chandogya Upanishads. Gaudapada took over the Yogachara teaching of vijñapti-mātra, "representation-only," which states that the empirical reality that we experience is a fabrication of the mind, experienced by consciousness-an-sich, and the four-cornered negation, which negates any positive predicates of 'the Absolute'. Gaudapada "wove [both doctrines] into the philosophy of Mandukaya Upanisad, which was further developed by Shankara". In this view, According to Bhattacharya, Asparsayoga also has Buddhist origins. The Māṇḍūkya Upanishad was considered to be a Śruti before the era of Adi Shankara, but not treated as particularly important. In later post-Shankara period its value became far more important, and regarded as expressing the essence of the Upanishad philosophy. The entire Karika became a key text for the Advaita school in this later era. Shri Gauḍapādacharya Math According to tradition, around 740 CE Gauḍapāda founded Shri Gauḍapādacharya Math, also known as . It is located in Kavale, Ponda, Goa, and is the oldest matha of the South Indian Saraswat Brahmins.	2.1875
69679733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Advaita%20Vedanta	History of Advaita Vedanta	Until the 11th century, Vedanta itself was a peripheral school of thought; Vedanta became a major influence when Vedanta philosophy was utilized by various sects of Hinduism to ground their doctrines, such as Ramanuja (11th c.), who aligned bhakti, "the major force in the religions of Hinduism," with philosophical thought, meanwhile rejecting Shankara's views. Several scholars argue that the historical fame and cultural influence of Shankara grew centuries later, particularly during the era of the Muslim invasions and consequent devastation of India. Many of Shankara's biographies were created and published in and after the 14th century, such as the widely cited Vidyaranya's Śankara-vijaya. Vidyaranya, also known as Madhava, who was the 12th Jagadguru of the Śringeri Śarada Pītham from 1380 to 1386, inspired the re-creation of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire of South India in response to the devastation caused by the Islamic Delhi Sultanate. He and his brothers, suggest Paul Hacker and other scholars, wrote about Śankara as well as extensive Advaitic commentaries on the Vedas and Dharma. Vidyaranya was a minister in the Vijayanagara Empire and enjoyed royal support, and his sponsorship and methodical efforts helped establish Shankara as a rallying symbol of values, spread historical and cultural influence of Shankara's Vedānta philosophies, and establish monasteries (mathas) to expand the cultural influence of Shankara and Advaita Vedānta. Advaita Vedānta sub-schools After Maṇḍana Miśra and Shankara, several sub-schools developed. Two of them still exist today, the Bhāmatī and the Vivarana. Two defunct schools are the Pancapadika and Istasiddhi, which were replaced by Prakasatman's Vivarana school. These schools worked out the logical implications of various Advaita doctrines. Two of the problems they encountered were the further interpretations of the concepts of māyā and avidya.	2.296875
69679735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xingqinggong%20Park	Xingqinggong Park	Xingqinggong Park () is a city park in Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, China. With an area of 743 acres, it is the largest park in Xi'an's city proper. Meanwhile, Xingqing Palace was a famous palace in the Tang Dynasty and was the center of political gravity during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, known as "Nannei"(南内). General Xingqinggong Park was built in 1958 on the former site of Xinqing Palace (see below), when Xi'an Jiaotong University was established directly in its south. The park's main entrance faces Xi'an Jiaotong University. The park has 150 acres of Xingqing Lake and the Chenxiang Pavilion, which is built in the Tang Dynasty architecture. Xingqing Palace The Xingqing Palace was originally an old house, called Longqing Fang, where Li Longji lived with his five brothers when he was a prince. After becoming a palace, he changed its name. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Xingqing Palace was destroyed, and by the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the site gradually became a farmland. On May 31, 1957, the Xingqing Palace site was listed as a cultural relic protection unit of Shaanxi Province. In 1958, in order to cooperate with the westward relocation of the Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xingqing Palace Park was built on the site, covering an area of 743 acres, which is the largest park in Xi'an. The main entrance faces Xi'an Jiaotong University. The park consists of 150 acres of Xingqing Lake and the old names of Chenxiang Ting(沉香亭), Huaexianghui Lou(花萼相辉楼), Nanxun Ge(南薰阁), etc., which were used in the Tang Dynasty. The Chenxiang Ting(沉香亭) on the island in the center of the lake is modeled after a Tang Dynasty building.	1.929688
69679964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon%20Lorna	Typhoon Lorna	By September 17, meteorologists of Japan first noticed the threat of Lorna, alerting Tokyo about tropical-storm force winds as Lorna travels towards the country. Many boats and vessels were also warned about the weakening storm, with some of them being asked to leave the harbours. Some of this marine vessels were also advised about the storm via radio equipment. Six houses were pounded by Lorna on Saipan Island, while many establishments there sustained damages. No deaths were registered there. As the typhoon impacted Japan, it caused flooding that left minor damages in Tokyo Bay. Many farmlands were inundated by the typhoon's rainfall, as well as houses. Several highways, railways and public bridges were destroyed while many marine vessels also sank. Two American ships were also caught up with the storm. First estimates of damages were over tens of millions of dollars. Overall, over 422 households and 126 boats sustained damages while over 43,000 were flooded. 34 Japanese were killed by Lorna while 20 were confirmed to have been missing. Along with June, the typhoon incurred over $300 million worth of damages. Meteorological history	2.703125
69679964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon%20Lorna	Typhoon Lorna	Lorna was first tracked by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as a system at 06:00 UTC of September 10, northeast of Guam. Early the next day, the Fleet Weather Central (FWC) started to monitor the storm's progress, indicating that it intensified into a minimal tropical storm at this time while traveling westwards. Only brief strengthening happened as now-Lorna inclined west-southwestwards and north-northwestwards by September 12 before intensifying into a modern-day Category 1 typhoon by 18:00 UTC of the next day as it dived southwestwards. The typhoon also started to threaten the northern Mariana Islands at this time. However, it took a westward movement, passing just to the territory's north while maintaining its strength of . After bypassing the islands, around the afternoon of September 14 it turned north-northwestwards before intensifying further into a Category 2 storm around September 15 at 06:00 UTC and into a Category 3 major typhoon six hours later. Lorna then peaked with winds of and a central estimated pressure of .	2.1875
69680143	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Kemp	Maurice Kemp	Maurice Leroy Kemp Jr (born February 2, 1991) is an American basketball player for the Pistoia Basket 2000 of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for Alabama A&M, Miami Dade College, and East Carolina, with whom he led Conference USA in scoring in his senior year. Kemp has previously played for Maccabi Rishon LeZion in Israel, and in several other leagues from 2013 to 2022; namely, the EuroCup, NBA G League, Greek Basket League, Liga Nacional de Básquet, Liga ACB, and the VTB United League. Early life He was born in Miami, Florida, to Valerie and Maurice Kemp Sr., and he has three siblings. Kemp grew up in Miami, as well as Pembroke Pines, Florida. Kemp attended Miami Dade Christian Academy, graduating in 2009, and played for the basketball team. As a senior, he averaged 26 points and 11 rebounds a game. He was named second-team All State and first-team All County as a senior. He was also on the high school track and field team. He is tall, and weighs . College 2009–2011: Alabama A&M and Miami Dade College Kemp attended Alabama A&M from 2009 to 2010, playing for the Alabama A&M Bulldogs basketball team. He averaged 5.5 points per game, on 47.8% shooting from the field, and 34.8% shooting from beyond the 3 point line; he also picked up 2.8 rebounds per game. He then attended Miami Dade College from 2010 to 2011. Playing small forward for the Sharks basketball team, Kemp averaged 16.9 points on shooting percentages of 59% from the floor, 52% behind the 3-point line, and 65% on free throws, while also averaging 9.9 rebounds (17th nationally), 1.8 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.5 steals a game. He was named as first-team All-Florida Community College Activities Association.	1.953125
69680143	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Kemp	Maurice Kemp	2011–2013: East Carolina Kemp then attended East Carolina University (ECU), where he majored in child development and family relations, and played basketball for the East Carolina Pirates as a junior in 2011–12. Here, he averaged 10.5 points and 6.3 rebounds per game. He also shot 77.9% on free throws across the entire season (7th in Conference USA), and 88.9% on free throws during conference games (which led the conference); his 2.4 offensive rebounds per game were 10th in the conference. He was unanimously selected as a member of the Conference USA Men's Basketball All-Academic Team. As a senior at ECU in 2012–13, Kemp led Conference USA (C-USA) in scoring with 18.9 points per game (becoming the first player in the program's history to lead the C-USA in scoring), and in points (660). He was 2nd in the conference in field goals (231; 15th in the NCAA), 2-point field goals (215; 9th in the NCAA), and free throws made (182), 4th in field goal percentage (50.5%), 4th in defensive rebounds (193), and 5th in steals (61) and steals per game (1.1). He became the third player with the Pirates to score more than 600 points in a single season, and established new school single-season records for made and attempted free throws (182/241, respectively), and minutes played (1,202). He received first-team All-Conference USA (the first East Carolina player to receive them), and second-team National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) All-District 11 honors, as well as being named MVP of the 2013 CollegeInsider.com Tournament (CIT). He ended his career with the Pirates ranked ninth in school history with 66 blocks.	2.078125
69680337	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20useful%20plants%20of%20the%20Dutch%20East%20Indies	The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies	The book also sparked the formation of an organization: the PROSEA programme. PROSEA is short for ‘Plant Resources of South-East Asia’. The scientific enterprise was founded in 1985 and produced a manual on tropical economic botany. It was to become a multi-volume hand-book on approximately 5000 useful plants in South-East Asia. In 1994 the hand-book was published in 8 volumes with 1790 species written by 320 authors. The handbook grew even further to 19 volumes in 2000. Heyne's work is still of great importance to the agriculture, horticulture, and forestry of Indonesia however development in landscapes some of his work has become obsolete; plants have disappeared, new plants have been introduced and plants have been given more or less importance and thus research and significance. The book has an archaic writing style and can consequently be understood by a rapidly decreasing number of people. The work stil has a great significance; the importance of his work and applicability of it is still being expanded and actualized.	2.125
69680579	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Marie%20Kimball	Ann Marie Kimball	In her policy studies regarding novel human infections, Kimball has also discussed new challenges and health security against pandemic threats. Since 2015, she has served as a Senior Consulting Fellow for Chatham House, London. In 2019, she introduced Innovative fellowship program based on the strengthening of public health leadership in Africa. Her research indicated that Ebola virus disease crisis in West Africa revealed critical weaknesses in health policy and systems in the region, and emphasized the significance of innovative models in terms of enhancing the capabilities of emerging leaders. She also conducted a study in Peru in 2007, highlighting the role of internet as a tool to approach high-risk men who have sex with men. In her studies, she also discussed quantitative measurements regarding the impacts of epidemic disease ‘cholera’ on international trade particularly in Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda in 1997. In her research regarding COVID-19 and Spanish flu, Kimball stated that "The coronavirus mutates at a slower pace than flu viruses, making it a more stable target for vaccination." Furthermore, she focused on acquiring the immunity in order to survive the infection. In 2006, Kimball published a book Risky Trade: Infectious Disease in the Era of Global Trade. Nitsan Chorev discussed the book as an "interplay between globalization, trade and travel, and infectious diseases." Núria Torner states that the "book raised interesting questions on infectious diseases and offered new insights into what future challenges may face mankind" and also discussed how it gives a reader "a thorough insight into how our "modern" civilisation, with its so-called globalisation trends, has upset the balance between natural barriers and infection spread." Andrew Price-Smith reviewed that the author of the book "provides an excellent critique of health governance at the domestic level within the United States."	2.03125
69680642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas%20aliaeris	Sphingomonas aliaeris	Sphingomonas aliaeris is a rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, red-orange-pigmented species of bacteria, which has been isolated primarily from pork steak packed under CO2-enriched modified atmosphere. Its name derives from Latin alius (for “other”) and aer (for “air” or “atmosphere”). It was identified to be a potential food spoilage organism, which is non-pathogenic to humans. Microbiologic characteristics The species is cytochrome c oxidase-negative and catalase-positive and grows on R2A agar at temperatures of 3 to 33 °C. It shows growth under 20% CO2-containing atmosphere, which - in combination with 80% O2 - is frequently used for packaging of red meat products. Species of this genus have not been associated with high CO2-containing environments nor food matrices yet. Sphingomonas aliaeris is motile and 1.5 μm by 0.9 μm in dimension. Like other species belonging to the genus Sphingomonas, the cell membrane of Sphingomonas aliaeris contains sphingolipids. Also cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, mono- and dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol could be detected. Another characteristic is the presence of the C14:0 2-OH fatty acid and ubiquinone Q-10. Genetic characteristics The genome was fully-sequenced and uploaded at the NCBI database. It consists of 4.26 mega base pairs. The DNA G+C content is 64.4 mol%.	2.421875
69680686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meher%20Ali	Meher Ali	Meher Ali (1 January 1941 – 17 May 1971) was a politician and community leader from Netrokona, East Pakistan, known for his local leadership during the Bengali nationalist movements in East Pakistan and his assassination at the onset of Bangladesh liberation war. Early life Meher Ali was born on 1 January 1941 at Netrakona Sadar Upazila in Netrokona District of the then British India (now Bangladesh) to Md Akter Ali and Musammat Tulajan Bibi. Ali went to Anjuman Adarsha Government High School, Datta High school and Netrakona Govt College for secondary and higher secondary education respectively. He received a Bachelor of Science (soil science) degree from University of Dhaka. Political career Meher Ali was the founding president of the Netrokona branches of East Pakistan Student League and East Pakistan Labour League. Netrakona Branch. He was also elected the labour Secretary of East Pakistan Awami league, Netrakona Branch, a position he held until death in 1971. Meher Ali led the building of the first Shaheed Minar in the Netrokona area, a monument to the martyrs of Bengali language movement of 1952. He also founded two youth organizations-- Kochikachar Mela and Jubojagoron samiti, which played vital roles in the organization of protests in Netrokona during 1969 East Pakistan mass uprising. Bangladesh Liberation war and assassination At the onset of Bangladesh liberation war in 1971, Meher Ali helped organize a local resistance group (Muktisangram Parishad). The group set up a temporary camp at Meher Ali's father-in-law's residence at Dugnai Village, Moddhonogor Thana, which was used by Mukti bahini for recruitment and shelter. On 17 April 1971, Meher Ali was abducted from the camp and was later executed in Maheshkhola by the collaborators of Pakistan army. Legacy The government of Bangladesh named "Muktijuddah Meher Ali Road" in Netrakona Sadar Upojilla in commemoration of his contribution to the Bangali nationalist movement in Pakistan and his sacrifice in the liberation war.	2.1875
69681099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibatuddin%20Shahrestani	Hibatuddin Shahrestani	Educations and careers Shahrestani spent his childhood in Karbala. From the age of ten, he studied the basics and elementary Islamic courses. In addition to the common Arabic literary sciences (such as morphology, syntax, logic, meanings, expression, novelty), he learned the sciences of Arabic prosody, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, history, Biographical evaluation, Fiqh, Hadith studies and Hadith terminology and graduated in them during 9 years. During this period, he also studied nations sects and creeds and philosophical and theological issues, and with the ability to write at this age, he wrote books in these sciences in prose. His father, Sayyid Hossein Haeri Kazemi, died in February 1902 (Dhu al-Qadah of 1319 AH) at the age of seventy. At the age of nineteen, shortly after the death of his father, he left Karbala for Najaf on 23 November 1902 (21 Sha'ban of 1320 AH). In Najaf, he benefited from the school of masters such as Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani, Mohammed Kazem Yazdi and Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani. In 1905 (1323 AH), he began to learn under Mohammad Bagher Estahbanati and benefited from his lessons. In the same period, he authored the book "Adaae al-Farz fi Sokoun al-Arz" (). Shortly afterwards, he became acquainted with new astronomical knowledge. He pursued this knowledge and decided to write the book "Naqz al-Farz fi Isbaat Harakah al-Arz" (). After a while in 1906, he began to write the book "Al-Hey'ah va al-Islam" () and introduced his new theories of astronomy according to Islamic sciences in it. It was a philosophical-political treatise that dealt with the harmonization of Islamic law with some aspects of Western civilization and culture, namely scientific discoveries, especially the science of the astronomy and new philosophies. Of course, he relied mainly on Islamic law and heritage. It probably took until 1912 to write it. Shahrestani continued his religious studies in the Najaf seminary and finally he became one of the Shiite mujtahids.	2.234375
69681255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footprint%20%28company%29	Footprint (company)	Footprint is a materials science organization that engineers fiber-based packaging in an effort to address the environmental crisis of plastic pollution. Its plant-based fiber alternatives to plastic are made from sources like double-lined kraft. These can be compostable, biodegradable, and recyclable. Footprint operates in the United States, Europe and Mexico. History Footprint was founded by Troy Swope, a former engineer at Intel, who became an "accidental environmentalist." Swope saw that outgassing was damaging Intel's products and thought that plastic food packaging might have the same issue outgassing on food. Troy and Footprint co-founder Yoke Chung founded Footprint in 2014. As of 2020, Footprint has factories in the United States and Mexicali, Mexico, with around 1,500 employees. Its main base is in Gilbert, Arizona, which houses a 135,000 square foot complex. In 2021, Footprint was named a CNBC Disruptor 50 company. In December 2021, Footprint and Gores Holdings VIII, Inc. announced a merger acquisition that will result in Footprint becoming a publicly listed company. It is expected to list on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "FOOT." The following September saw its valuation cut as part of an amended merger deal, but with an upsized investment, following delays in its public listing due to macroeconomic environment. In 2021, Footprint founders Troy Swope and Yoke Chung were named to Newsweek's list of America's Greatest Disruptors: Planet Protectors. Activities Footprint's products are made from materials including double-lined kraft and newsprint. The organization uses things like recycled cardboard boxes, agricultural waste and virgin wood fibers to create biodegradable packaging. It owns around 240 patents for containers that can keep food safe, including packaging meant for shelves and those that can be frozen for 180 days. In the wake of plastic straw bans, Footprint makes a compostable paper straw. Research on turtle behavior	2.328125
69681861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Halcke	Paul Halcke	Paul Halcke (also: Halcken or Halke), born 1662 in Elmshorn, died 1731 in Buxtehude was a German mathematician, writer, computer, and calendar maker. He was the brother of writer and computer Johann Halcke and founded, in 1690, together with Heinrich Meißner, the Hamburgischen Kunst-Rechnungs lieb- und übenden Societät, today's Hamburg Mathematical Society. Since about 1687 he was writer and calculator at the city school of Buxtehude. In 1694 he issued a solution's book to a collection of exercises by Heinrich Meißner, and later he published his own collection of 574 exercises from mathematics and astronomy, entitled Mathematischer Sinnen-Confect ("mathematical mind candy"), which was translated in various languages and remained a seminal textbook for more than a century. The exercises were enriched by poems and descriptions of the solving methods. In particular, exercise 289 on page 256 consists in finding the smallest Euler brick, for which Paul Halcke is most well-known today. This cuboid has sides and face diagonals of integer lengths {44, 117, 240} and {125, 244, 267}. He also edited several popular calendars for the years 1705, 1707, 1715, 1716 and 1725.	2.171875
69683201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Kluntz	Barbara Kluntz	Contacts and concerts Barbara Kluntz maintained contacts in Berlin through correspondence and probably had the latest musical works sent from there so that she could study and perform them. She probably accompanied herself and others herself on the clavichord and on the organ. Since the Ulm collection women were free to move around the city and in the monastery, it can be assumed that the Ulm collection was a center of Ulm music practice alongside the permanently employed Ulm city performers and the emerging theater business. Poetry In addition to music, Barbara Kluntz also wrote many poems that she published in her chorale books, including a work that expresses her joy and vitality: „Deß Davids Harpff in Himel klingt, wol dem, der mit mir frölich singt. Lutherus singt uns allen vor, Nach Gottes Wort führt den Tenor. Wir singen nach und zwitzern mit, Und Gott nimt an solch Lob und Bitt. Wer nun Gott fürcht und hat mich gern der singt mit mir zu Gott dem Herrn.“ (Choralbuch 1711) Barbara Kluntz must have been very familiar with the French language, as she quoted her role model Georgette de Montenay in her chorale book from 1711 and presumably knew their works in the original. With this, Barbara Kluntz entered a tradition of outstanding women who put their literary and musical talents and gifts into the service of the praise of God. Choralbuch 1711 The 245 chorales of the magnificently handwritten Choral Music book from 1711 are recorded only with title and partly without text. The melodies are set to chords with up to six voices, whereby the settings can suddenly switch between full voices and two-part passages. Occasionally, Barbara Kluntz also offers alternative suspensions to a chorale melody on the same page.	2.28125
69683261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Ironside	Catherine Ironside	While on hiatus from her work in Persia, she worked as a medical officer at the London Temperance Hospital and for her work she was awarded the O.B.E or Officer of the Order of the British Empire. On February 21, 1920, Ironside boarded the Morea and headed off to Bombay, from where she made her way back to Persia to continue her missionary work with the Kerman Medical Mission returning again to Isfahan. During her second visit to Kerman, she worked closely with British Officers of the South Persia Rifles, especially the army surgeons. In 1913, Ironside was one of the first women able to vote in the formerly all-male CMS Standing Committee Conference. Ironside published works about her experiences, including Open Doors in Persia (1916) and Persian Patients (1921), both of which provide first hand accounts of the medical and missionary work during her life. Evangelism Ironside's medical work also had a prominent religious component to it. She was part of the ranks of the Christian Church in Isfahan. She often led regular gospel teachings and sent fellow missionaries to villages in order to lead bible readings and teach religious classes. The CMS strong evangelist mission meant many of the CMS doctors did not work exclusively within the hospitals and would often make home visits to higher ranking individuals in the local tribes, especially the Bakhtiaris, a tent-dwelling tribe who lived in the highlands outside of Ispahan, who not only developed an important relationship with CMS but also with the British. Death and legacy On Ironside's final trip to Isfahan in December 1920, she was caught in a snowstorm while on a mountain pass and almost died from exposure. After this exposure, Ironside had declining health and eventually she caught influenza in the epidemic of 1921 and subsequently pneumonia and passed away on November 11, 1921. She was buried in the Armenian Cathedral in Julfa.	2.609375
69683596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Brecht	Walter Brecht	Walter Brecht (20 June 1900 – 27 September 1986) was a German scientist and longtime lecturer at the Institut für Papierfabrikation in the Technische Universität Darmstadt. He died in Darmstadt. Life Early life He was born in Augsburg to Berthold Friedrich Brecht and Wilhelmine Friederike Sophie (née Brezing, 1871–1920), their second son after the future playwright and poet Bertholt. Whilst Sophie was from a Pietist family, Berthold Friedrich was a Roman Catholic from Achern in the Black Forest, becoming a clerk at Augsburg's Haindl’sche Papierfabriken, rising to manager and then in 1914 its director. This allowed the Brecht family to finally move into one of the factory's 'Stiftungshäuser' or foundation houses. Sophie's father Josef Friedrich Brezing (1842–1922) was an official on the Royal Württemberg State Railways at Roßberg (now known as Wolfegg) on the Herbertingen–Isny line, opened just before Sophie's birth. In his autobiographical memoirs "Unser Leben in Augsburg, damals“, Walter himself described his childhood and youth in Augsburg.	2.265625
69684274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinko%20Smrekar	Hinko Smrekar	After the outbreak of World War II in Slovenia, he was captured by the fascists on a street march in late September 1942. Smrekar was brutally interrogated and hastily shot on 1 October of the same year in the Gravel Pit in Ljubljana. There were no friends or acquaintances at the funeral, but the next day his grave was covered with flowers. In the political newspaper Jutro, Elko Justin published an oblique obituary for his friend: a broken spruce tree ("smreka" in Slovenian) is piled on top of the impoverished coffin, which has been nailed with a single carved sheet, and an upside-down letter R lies across the name plate bearing the word "", meaning "the end" - a rebus of Smrekar's name. In October 1942, the news of his death was published in the illegal newspaper Slovenski poročevalec ("Slovenian Reporter"). Work and meaning Smrekar's work is extremely colourful. He worked with all motifs, in all techniques, serious, sad, grotesque, funny, portraits, landscapes, romantic, naturalistic, national and international. He enjoyed using themes from folk tales and folk celebrations, and looked for genre motifs from the lives of ordinary people, especially peasants. He had already resisted the war between 1914 and 1918, both personally and artistically. Two of the greatest works of Slovenian graphic art were produced in those years - the cycle of anti-war caricatures Črnovojnik ("The Black Warrior"), in which the artist humorously described his inter-war experiences, and the illustrations of Martin Krpan. These were the first illustrations of the story, which set the example for later ones, such as those by Tone Kralj. From 1939 to 1942 he worked on the collective experience of war psychosis.	2.546875
69684739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Revoy	David Revoy	David Philippe Revoy (; born in 1981 in Reims) is a French artist best known as the creator of the free webcomic series Pepper&Carrot which is translated into 27 languages to a degree of 90 percent or more. It is published as books via Glénat. After work in traditional painting, Revoy started using digital tools in 2003 and moved to use free and open-source software around 2009. Revoy publishes a great deal of his work under free licenses, allowing his work to be remixed even for commercial use. This has led to derivations of mainly Pepper&Carrot such as animated films, cosplay, a card game and several video games. Revoy has expressed excitement about the derivations and often links to them from his web page. He has interpreted freely licensed works and works in the public domain. In 2010 he was awarded the CG Choice Award for an illustration of Alice in Wonderland. One of his most famous works is "Yin and Yang of world hunger", a remix of the yin and yang symbol. He has published several tutorials, time-lapse videos, and speed-painting videos showing his work process and has described his hardware and software setup. Early work Revoy started as a street portraitist in Avignon at the age of 18. Later he worked in traditional painting, illustration, concept art and teaching. In 2003 he ended his career as a traditional painter and started working with digital tools. Film work In 2009–2010, Revoy worked as art director on the Blender short film Sintel, which was the first major project that used free software to produce free culture that Revoy encountered. He would later also work on the Blender films Tears of Steel and Cosmos Laundromat. Pepper&Carrot	2.3125
69684780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive%20Order%2014059	Executive Order 14059	Executive Order 14059, officially titled Imposing Sanctions on Foreign Persons Involved in the Global Illicit Drug Trade, was signed on December 15, 2021, and is the 75th executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden. The telos of the order is to enforce sanctions upon foreigners involved in global illicit drug trade. Provisions Illicit drug trafficking into the United States, including fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, as well as countless more non-fatal overdoses that have their own devastating toll on human life. The principal suppliers of illegal narcotics and precursor chemicals that drive the present opioid crisis, as well as drug-related violence that harms communities, are drug cartels, transnational criminal organizations, and their facilitators. International drug trafficking poses an unusual and extraordinary threat to the United States' national security, foreign policy, and economy. Because of this grave threat, the United States must modernize and update its drug-trafficking response. Effects The executive order authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in coordination with the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security and the Attorney General, to impose sanctions on designated foreign persons. The Treasury Secretary may select from multiple sanctioning options when determining that a foreign person meets specified criteria. The order's restrictions apply universally, except where permitted by subsequent legislation, regulations, orders, directives, or licenses. These restrictions supersede any prior contracts, licenses, or permissions. The order suspends entry into the United States for certain undocumented migrants who meet designated criteria and are subject to specific sanctions, as their entry is deemed detrimental to U.S. interests. This suspension applies to both immigrant and nonimmigrant entry, with exceptions determinable by the Secretary of State or Attorney General.	2.03125
69684794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20Samuel%2023	1 Samuel 23	David saved the city of Keilah (23:1–13) The narrative describes how David acted like a good king to protect the territory of Israel from foreign aggressor (cf. 1 Samuel 9:16), although he was on the run from the actual king, Saul. At this time David was shown to have access to YHWH through the oracle (before the arrival of Abiathar and the ephod), so he inquired YHWH twice, once on his own initiative and a second time to calm his men's uncertainty, for David was given an encouraging response and an assurance of divine participation (verse 5). David's next inquiry with YHWH was by means of Abiathar and the ephod after the liberation of Keilah (verse 6), asking two questions: 'Will Saul come to Keilah? Will the inhabitants of Keilah betray him?' (verses 11–12; set out clearly in 4QSam compared to Masoretic Text) to obtain an affirmative answer to both. David and his men immediately left the city, thwarting Saul's plan to capture David easily in a closed-in town such as Keilah (Saul delusionally believed that God had 'given him' into his hand, following the Greek and Targum, in preference to the Masoretic Text which renders 'made a stranger of him'). Saul mustered a big army as he did before, but instead of directing it against foreign attackers (1 Samuel 11:7–8; 13:3–4), he misused 'the armies of the living God' (17:26) for his own selfish purpose, to capture David. However, it is clear in the narrative that David had an advantage over Saul: David had access to YHWH, whereas Saul didn't (1 Samuel 14:37). Verse 1 Then they told David, saying, "Look, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah, and they are robbing the threshing floors." "Keilah": was designated as a city of Judah (Joshua 15:44), not far from the Philistines' territory ('in the recesses of the Philistines', verse 3 of Septuagint instead of 'against the armies of the Philistines' in NRSV), so it was of interest to both Israelites and Philistines. David in wilderness strongholds (23:14–29)	2.796875
69685025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue%20of%20Alexander%20Macomb	Statue of Alexander Macomb	Creation and dedication In the early 1900s, erecting a monumental statue in honor of Macomb became a primary goal of the Michigan chapter of the National Society of United States Daughters of 1812, a civic group consisting of descendants of veterans from the War of 1812. In March 1901, several sources reported that the Michigan chapter had approved of a design for a statue honoring Macomb from sculptor Louis Amateis. Leslie's Weekly reported that Amateis had won a competition for the design, which would have depicted Macomb standing on a rampart, delivering directions to other soldiers. Additional bas reliefs would have depicted scenes from the Battle of Plattsburgh. The total cost for the project would have been approximately $15,000. Despite the announcement, Amateis's design for the monument would not come to fruition. However, the chapter continued their efforts and in 1902, thanks to assistance from Michigan's U.S. Senators Julius C. Burrows and James McMillan, of condemned cannons were appropriated from the United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs to provide the material for the statue's construction.	2.515625
69685198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fairfax%20%28delegate%29	John Fairfax (delegate)	John Fairfax farmed using enslaved labor. While the first Virginia census (in 1782, before he arrived) showed 23 families in Monongalia County who owned slaves, Fairfax became the only county resident who would have been classified as a planter. In the 1810 census, his household included 13 whites people (7 of them children) and a dozen slaves. In 1817 Fairfax began constructing a stone manor house that would be known as "Fairfax Manor" with the assistance of his slaves. In the 1820 federal census (when Preston County's population had grown to 3,422 people), Fairfax was the county's largest slaveowner. His household included seven white males and six while females (including 2 boys and one girl), as well as five free colored men and 24 enslaved males and 17 enslaved females. A decade later, Fairfax was still the county's largest slaveowner—only one other man in the county had more than eight slaves (Bxxxx held 28 slaves). By this time, Preston County had grown to 5,092 residents, but Fairfax's children had grown to so his household only included 7 white people, no free colored people, and 30 slaves; his son Buckner Fairfax's household included no slaves. In the final census of his lifetime, Fairfax's household had shrunk to five white people and 24 slaves, fewer than his friend Thomas Brown with 31, and as the county grew the number of slaveholders shrank to fewer than a dozen, of whom only three owned more than six slaves.	2.90625
69685289	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%20P.%20Knox	Columbus P. Knox	He painted a life-size portrait of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. that hangs at the school that bears the name of the civil rights leader. Knox was involved with the Odunde Festival in Philadelphia, illustrating the annual commemorative posters sold by the organization as a fundraiser. He also illustrated a coloring book “Odunde Means Happy New Year” in 1990. He exhibited often with the West Philadelphia Cultural Alliance's annual “Celebrating the Arts” and illustrated the organization's fundraising calendars. He also was a perennial artist in October Gallery's annual Art Expo in Philadelphia. Knox was represented in a Free Library of Philadelphia exhibit of prints by Black artists living in the Delaware Valley. Several of those works were by artists who participated in the Works Projects Administration during the Depression, including Samuel J. Brown Jr., Dox Thrash and Raymond Steth. The prints were in the collection of the library, which mounted the exhibit in 1992" In 1952, Knox helped create an “exotic frame-background” for a fashion show sponsored by the United Negro Assembly, of which he was a member of its Art Committee. The organization held an event at the Pyramid Club that year to encourage Black businesses to advertise. The event presented advertising art, layouts and copy by Black artists and ad designers. In 1984, he illustrated an anti-graffiti comic book written by a Philadelphia School District educator. The workbook, which featured a multicultural group of friends, grew out of a 1976 book titled “Quadrus & Goliath” by Alvin Lester Ben-Moring. It was designed as an education tool in the middle grades. In 1994, Knox exhibited at the MARC Studio Art Museum in “Untold West,” featuring three artists who used the American West as a theme in their works. The cover image for the show's invitation was a Knox painting of a Black cowboy during a rodeo.	2.8125
69685439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20Smith	Gray Smith	Gray Smith (13 February 1919 – 7 August 1990) was an Australian artist, poet and jeweller who was part of the Heide Circle. While best known as the famous Australian artist Joy Hester's spouse, his most productive artistic period came later while married to Joan Upward in the '60s and '70s. Smith's modernist paintings often featured isolated figures in Australian outback landscapes. Biography Early life Smith was born in Melbourne, Australia. At 14, he left school to study as an optician and studied art at night. He left Melbourne in 1939 to become a timber cutter in North Drummond, Victoria, sparking a life-long interest in the Australian bush and its folklore. In 1943 he returned to Melbourne to study with the well-known artist and teacher Max Meldrum and to work in the family picture-framing shop. He married Dorothy Yvonne Egan-Lee in 1944 and had a daughter, Gaie Jocelyn Smith, in 1945. For his entire life, Smith had epilepsy which stopped him from working steady jobs and slowed his artistic output. Artistic career During the 1940s, Smith joined the artistic group that became known as the Heide Circle, where philanthropists John and Sunday Reed supported artists so they could practice their art unencumbered by paid work. But even before then, Smith was already acquainted with Sidney Nolan and the Boyds through his older brother Martin Smith, a close friend of Nolan's. He was also a member of Contemporary Art Society along with Arthur Boyd, Sidney Nolan and John Perceval. The Reeds also already considered the Smiths (Martin, Gray and their mother Elsie) as extended family. Gray's brother Martin was a picture framer who regularly framed artwork for the Reeds. In addition to Gray's painting, Sunday and John encouraged his poetry. He published his poems in Ern Malley's Journal. In 1947, Smith fell in love with Joy Hester and eloped to Sydney. While money was tight, this first year together marked an intense and productive period of painting and drawing by both artists.	2.40625
69685439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20Smith	Gray Smith	After about a year, they returned to Melbourne, settling in Hurstbridge, then later moved to Box Hill where they could easier access medical treatment as Hester had Hodgkin lymphoma and Smith continued to struggle with epilepsy. During this time in the country, Smith refined his solitary man in the bush motif drawing on his love of Australian myths and legends. As artist and critic Geoffrey de Groen put it, “Gray Smith's paintings are powerful expressions of the work ethic, and in particular, the man on the land. His paintings heighten the drama of ordinary situations.” Joy Hester's time with Smith (1947–1960) was her most productive when she produced the acclaimed series Faces, Love, and Sleep. Smith and Hester had two children: Peregrine in 1951 and Fern in 1954. After being together for 12 years, the couple married on 11 November 1959 in Queens Street, Melbourne. In 1958 John Reed established the Museum of Modern Art Australia and the Reeds donated their artworks as the foundation collection. This set includes 18 Gray Smith paintings. Smith and Hester lived a tumultuous yet on balance a happy life together, practising their art until Joy's death in 1960 from Hodgkin lymphoma. Gray and Joan Upward (née Davis) began a relationship, bringing their families together in Box Hill, Melbourne. Joan had two sons, Brett and Matthew from her marriage to artist Peter Upward. In November 1961, they all moved to Canberra. Here, Smith began the most prolific period of his artistic career producing over 200 paintings. During this time, Joan did much of the historical research for Gray's artwork, notably the Canberry series. In 1964, Joan and Gray's daughter Sheenagh was born.	1.984375
69685454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitation%20and%20Logistics%20Outpost	Habitation and Logistics Outpost	Science HALO will host two scientific packages at launch aimed at improving the understanding of space weather and prediction models. The NASA-built Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite and the ESA-built European Radiation Sensors Array (ERSA). Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite (HERMES) HERMES will explore Earth's interaction with the solar wind and the behavior of the magnetotail. The hope is to build a better understanding on the causes of space-weather variability as driven by the Sun and modulated by the magnetosphere. The experiment Suite has three science goals: determine mechanisms of solar wind mass and energy transport; characterize energy, topology, and ion composition in the deep magnetotail; and establish observational capabilities of an on-board pathfinder payload measuring local space weather to support deep-space and long-term human exploration. The suite will consist of four instruments. Fluxgate and Magneto-Inductive Magnetometers will measure Magnetic Field Vector. Built and supplied by Goddard Space Flight Center. Principal investigators from University of Michigan and Goddard Space Flight Center. Miniaturized Electron pRoton Telescope (MERiT) to measure ion flux of energies between 1-190 MeV and electron flux of energies between 0.3 - 9 MeV. Built, supplied and operated by Goddard Space Flight Center. Electron Electrostatic Analyser (EEA) is an electron spectrometer and will measure flux, density, speed and temperature of lower energy electrons of less than 30 KeV. It is built, supplied and operated by Goddard Space Flight Center. Solar Prove Analyser (SPAN-I) is an ion spectrometer. It will measure the flux, density, speed, temperature and type of low energy ions with energies less than 40KeV. SPAN-I will be supplied and operated by University of California, Berkeley.	2.625
69685595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iota%20Octantis	Iota Octantis	Iota Octantis, Latinized, from ι Octantis is a double star in the southern circumpolar constellation Octans. The "A" component has an apparent magnitude of 5.83, making it faintly visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions, but the "B" component can't be seen due to its faintness. The system is located at a distance of 350 light years based on its annual parallax shift, but is drifting away at a rate of . Iota Octantis A has a classification of K0 III, which indicates that it is an evolved K-type star that exhausted hydrogen at its core and left the main sequence. It has an angular diameter of , which yields a radius 12.43 times that of the Sun at its estimated distance. At present Iota Octantis A has 2.49 times the mass of the Sun and radiates at 81 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of , which gives it an orangish-yellow hue. Iota Octantis is metal deficient and spins slowly with a projected rotational velocity of . Eggleton et al. states that both stars have similar spectral types, but there is a faint tenth magnitude companion with a classification of F8 located away, which is unrelated to the two.	2.09375
69685659	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look%20Both%20Ways%20%28novel%29	Look Both Ways (novel)	Look Both Ways: A Tale Told in Ten Blocks is a young adult novel written by Jason Reynolds, illustrated by Alexander Nabaum, and published October 8, 2019 by Atheneum Books. The book is a New York Times best seller, National Book Award for Young People's Literature finalist (2019), Coretta Scott King Award honor book (2020), and Carnegie Medal recipient (2021). Reception Look Both Ways is a New York Times best seller. The book received starred reviews from Publishers Weekly, School Library Journal, Booklist, Horn Book, and Kirkus, as well as a positive review from Shelf Awareness. Booklist's Ronny Khuri referred to the book as "storytelling at its finest, a true masterpiece." Kirkus Reviews noted, "The entire collection brims with humor, pathos, and the heroic struggle to grow up." Publishers Weekly agreed with the sentiment, stating that "each story rings with emotional authenticity and empathy, and not a small amount of rib-tickling humor offsets the sometimes bittersweet realities of the characters’ lives." Kyla Paterno of Shelf Awareness called the book "an unconventional, clever exploration of the secret trials and tribulations of middle schoolers," noting that the "connected and intertwining tales are not neatly contained nor completed at the end, but rather left ambiguous, allowing readers to decide what happens next." The audiobook, narrated by Heather Alicia Simms, Bahni Turpin, and January LaVoy and others, received a starred review from Booklist, who noted, [T]he readers reflect [the characters'] bravado and ethnicity. They also give them vulnerability and surprising grit as they face everyday problems." "Each of Reynolds's characters is so highly developed and memorable that they are easily noticed as background players in the others' vignettes. " Shelf Awareness	2.015625
69685743	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petru%20Cre%C8%9Bia	Petru Creția	Petru Creția (January 21, 1927–April 15, 1997) was a Romanian essayist, poet and translator. Born in Cluj, his parents were Aurel, a civil servant, and his wife Călina (née Humița). He started at George Barițiu High School in his native city, followed by in Bucharest, graduating in 1945. He earned a degree in Classical Studies from the University of Bucharest in 1951. From 1952 to 1971, Creția was teaching assistant, then lecturer in classical languages at his alma mater. From 1971 to 1975, he was a researcher at the Bucharest philosophy institute. From 1975 to 1993, he worked as a researcher at the Museum of Romanian Literature. During the June 1990 Mineriad, he addressed the protesters from the balcony of the university building overlooking University Square, and was subsequently violently beaten by the coal miners. He retired in 1993, meanwhile becoming honorary director and chief researcher at the Eminescu center in Ipotești. He died in Bucharest in 1997, aged 70. Creția's first published article, “Sensul morții la Poe”, appeared in Națiunea in 1947. His first book, Norii (1979, definitive edition 1996) won the Writers' Union of Romania prize. His articles appeared in the magazines România Literară, Manuscriptum, Viața Românească, and Revista de filosofie. Other books included: Epos și logos (1981), commentary on comparative literature and philosophy; Poezia (1983), Pasărea Phoenix (1986); Oglinzile (1993) and Luminile și umbrele sufletului (1995) – essayistic prose; Catedrala de lumini. Homer. Dante. Shakespeare (1997), studies of literary hermeneutics regarding the Iliad, Odyssey, Divine Comedy and The Tempest.	2.109375
69685940	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920%20Detroit%20Stars%20season	1920 Detroit Stars season	The 1920 Detroit Stars baseball team competed in the Negro National League (NNL) during the 1920 baseball season. The Stars compiled a 37–27 record () and finished in second place in the NNL behind the Chicago American Giants. The Stars played their home games at Mack Park located on the east side of Detroit, about four miles from downtown, at the southeast corner of Fairview Ave. and Mack Ave. The team was owned by Tenny Blount and led by player-manager Pete Hill. Key players Position players Center fielder Jimmie Lyons appeared in 59 games and led the team in most batting categories: batting average (.379), on-base percentage (.445), slugging percentage (.595), runs (64), hits (86), and stolen bases (21). His batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage all ranked second in the NNL behind only Cristóbal Torriente. Lyons also led the team with a 9.5 range factor, 92 outfield putouts, and 12 outfield assists. First baseman Edgar Wesley appeared in 64 games and compiled a .287 batting average and a .498 slugging percentage and led the team in both home runs (11) and RBIs (50). Second baseman Frank Warfield also appeared in 64 games, led the team in plate appearances (296) and ranked second on the team in runs scored (49) and third in hits (71). Infielder Joe Hewitt appeared in 54 games (22 at shortstop, 16 at second base, and 15 at third base). He had a .201 batting average he had almost as many walks (33) as hits (38), boosting his on-base percentage to .332. He also led the team's infielders with 159 assists. Player-manager Pete Hill played in center field and appeared in 45 games. He compiled a .281 batting average and a team-leading 38 walks boosted his on-base percentage to .443. Hill was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006. Pitchers Bill Gatewood led the pitching staff with a 15–5 record and a 2.72 earned run average (ERA). He appeared in 24 games for the Stars, 16 as a starter, and had 11 complete games and 90 strikeouts in 159 innings pitched.	1.9375
69686084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20in%20paleoichthyology	2022 in paleoichthyology	New fossil material of Xampylodon dentatus, including more complete teeth or specimens representing teeth of different positions than most previous records, and the oldest fossil material of Rolfodon tatere reported to date is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of James Ross Island (Antarctica) by dos Santos et al. (2022). Feichtinger et al. (2022) describe isolated teeth of Protoxynotus misburgensis from the Santonian of Lebanon, representing the first known record of this species from the southern Tethyan Realm, and interpret this finding as indicating that Protoxynotus and Cretascymnus occupied overlapping or similar habitats during the Late Cretaceous. Herraiz et al. (2022) describe teeth of a member of the genus Trigonognathus from the El Ferriol outcrop (Miocene of Spain), representing the first known record of this genus from the Mediterranean realm. Revision of the fossil record of the genus Echinorhinus in South America is published by Bogan & Agnolín (2022), who consider Echinorhinus pozzi and Echinorhinus maremagnum to be valid species, and consider E. maremagnum to be distinct from Echinorhinus lapaoi. A study on the anatomy, growth and ecology of Cretodus crassidens, based on data from a specimen from the Turonian "Lastame" lithofacies of the Scaglia Rossa Veneta (Lessini Mountains, Veneto, northeastern Italy), is published by Amalfitano et al. (2022). A tooth of Cetorhinus huddlestoni, as well as gill rakers differing from previously described cetorhinids and referred to the same species as the tooth, are described from the Miocene Duho Formation (South Korea) by Malyshkina, Nam & Kwon (2022). A study aiming to determine whether the observed body forms of lamniform sharks are influenced by thermophysiology, and reevaluating the body form of Otodus megalodon proposed by Cooper et al. (2020), is published by Sternes, Wood & Shimada (2022).	1.96875
69686084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20in%20paleoichthyology	2022 in paleoichthyology	Ray-finned fish research A new database of the occurrences of Paleozoic ray-finned fishes is presented by Henderson et al. (2022), who evaluate the impact of fossil record biases, as well as taxonomic and phylogenetic issues, on the knowledge of the early evolution of ray-finned fishes; subsequently Henderson, Dunne & Giles (2022) use this database to study patterns of diversity of ray-finned fishes through the Paleozoic, taking the extent and impact of sampling biases into account. A novel mode of fang accommodation, with teeth of the lower jaw inserting into fenestrae of the upper jaw, is reported in Brazilichthys macrognathus by Figueroa & Andrews (2022). Redescription and a study on the affinities of Toyemia is published by Bakaev & Kogan (2022). Redescription of the anatomy and a study on the affinities of Brachydegma caelatum is published by Argyriou, Giles & Friedman (2022). Osteoderms providing evidence of presence of large sturgeons (within the upper size bracket for Acipenseridae) in early-middle Paleocene freshwater ecosystems of western North America are described from the Fort Union Formation (Montana, United States) by Brownstein (2022). Fossil material of a member or a relative of the genus Eomesodon, representing the oldest record of pycnodonts from East Gondwana reported to date, is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Jaisalmer Formation (Rajasthan, India) by Kumar et al. (2022). A study on the tooth replacement pattern and implantation in Serrasalmimus secans is published by Matsui & Kimura (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that serrasalmimid pycnodont fish independently acquired a vertical replacement in true thecodont implantation, i.e. a characteristic tooth replacement pattern of mammals. A study on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of extant and extinct gars is published by Brownstein et al. (2022).	2.015625
69686084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20in%20paleoichthyology	2022 in paleoichthyology	General research A study on the evolution of swimming speed in early vertebrates, inferred from caudal fin morphology of Paleozoic cyclostomes (Myxinidae and Petromyzontidae), jawless stem gnathostomes (Conodonta, Anaspida, Pteraspidomorphi, Thelodonti and Osteostraci) and placoderms, is published by Ferrón & Donoghue (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that microsquamous taxa (thelodonts and anaspids) had higher swimming capabilities than vertebrates with rigid bony carapaces (including placoderms), that demonstrating that the rise of active nektonic vertebrates long-predated the Devonian. A study on the morphological similarities of Silurian and Devonian jawless and jawed vertebrates, aiming to determine which groups were most and least likely to have competed (and whether competition with jawed vertebrates was likely to cause the extinction of the majority of jawless vertebrates), is published by Scott & Anderson (2022), who don't find support for overall competitive exclusion of jawless vertebrates by jawed vertebrates. A study on the evolution of the vertebrate spiracular region from jawless vertebrates to tetrapods is published by Gai et al. (2022). A study on the mandibular morphology of Silurian and Devonian jawed vertebrates, and on the functional capabilities of their jaws, is published by Deakin et al. (2022). Description of the ichthyolith assemblage from the Upper Triassic Luning Formation (Nevada, United States), increasing known diversity of marine vertebrates in the western United States in the Late Triassic from four to at least 14 genera, is published by Tackett, Zierer & Clement (2022), who report evidence of the presence of taxa that were previously known only from Europe during the Late Triassic. Revision of the marine fish fauna from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Rybushka Formation (Saratov Oblast, Russia) is published by Ebersole et al. (2022).	1.945313
69686319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20amendment%20to%20the%20Constitution%20of%20Malaysia	2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia	amending Article 1(2) to restore the definition of Sabah and Sarawak as constituent "territories" of Malaysia adding to Article 160(2) a formal definition of Malaysia Day as the day when Sabah and Sarawak joined the Federation amending in Article 160(2) the definition of the Federation amending in Article 161A the definition of natives of Sabah and Sarawak The amendments to Article 161A included a repeal of Article 161A(7) which provided for a specific federally-imposed definition of a native of Sarawak. This gave the Sarawak state government autonomy to define who could be considered a native of Sarawak instead. The Dayak Chamber of Commerce and Industry welcomed this amendment in particular, calling it a "dream come true" because it would allow the Sarawak state government to include children of mixed marriages and of native tribes not listed in Article 161A(7) in the definition of a Sarawak native. According to the Chamber, the legal ramifications of the status quo were: "Under the Sarawak Land Code, dealings in native lands, such as transfers, between a native parent and his or her child of mixed marriage are prohibited because the child is not considered a native under the law." On 14 December 2021, after 6 hours of debate, the proposed amendment was passed in the Dewan Rakyat unanimously with 199 votes in favour, and 21 MPs not voting. On 6 January 2022, Minister Ongkili announced the setting up of a joint technical committee to study Sabah's proposal for increased annual grants in addition to a counteroffer from the Federal Government. Meanwhile, the law came into force on 11 February 2022.	2.421875
69686602	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abantennarius%20analis	Abantennarius analis	Abantennarius analis, the tailjet frogfish, tailjet anglerfish or dwarf frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy Abentennarius snalis was first formally described in 1957 by the American ichthyologist Leonard Peter Schultz with its type locality given as Waikiki Reef off Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Abantennarius in the family Antennariidae within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. Etymology Abantennarius analis has the genus name Abantennarius which prefixes ab, meaning "away from", onto antennarius, a fish of the family Antennaridae. This is an allusion to the gill opening being positioned away from the base of the pectoral fin, which is typically where it is located in frogfishes. The specific name analis means "anal", an allusion to the gill opening being positioned near the base of the anal fin. Description Abantennarius analis has 3 dorsal spines and a second dorsal fin which is supported by 12, rarely 13, soft rays while the anal fin typically contains 6 or, typically, 7 soft rays. The illicium is double the length of the second dorsal spine with an elongated esca which has a number of filamentous appendages and darl swellings at its base. The openings to the gills are located quite far back next to the base of the anal fin. It does not have a caudal peduncle. The rear parts of the dorsal and anal fin are connected to the caudal fin by a membrane. The pectoral fins are prehensile and have a joint which resembles an elbow. The skin has a dense covering of forked spines. The overall colour is mottled light grey with a yellowish hue on the fins. The tailjet frogfish has a maximum published standard length of .	2.3125
69686640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Kavazanjian	Edward Kavazanjian	Edward Kavazanjian Jr. (born 1951) is an American civil engineer who specializes in geotechnical engineering. He is the Ira A. Fulton Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at the Arizona State University School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environmental. Early life and education Kavazanjian was born in 1952. His father fought in World War II but began experiencing health problems due to his military experience. He graduated from Long Beach High School before enrolling at Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his Bachelor's degree and Master's degree. Upon completing his degrees, Kavazanjian pursued his civil engineering doctoral degree at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley). He was later recognized by UC Berkeley as distinguished alumni. Career Following his PhD, Kavazanjian became an assistant professor at Stanford University for seven years before pursuing an engineering career outside of academia. As a civil engineer, Kavazanjian collaborated with the Federal Highway Administration on geotechnical earthquake engineering for highways and for the United States Environmental Protection Agency on seismic design of municipal solid waste landfills. He returned to academia in 2004 upon accepting a faculty position at the Arizona State University's (ASU) Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering. As an associate professor and Interim Chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kavazanjian was a United States collaborator on the Bio‐Soils Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Initiative.	2.296875
69686675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS%20Norwalk	USNS Norwalk	US Navy On 10 October 1962 she was transferred to the US Navy. In New Orleans, Louisiana she was refitted to be a Fleet Ballistic Missile Cargo Ship, to support Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarine tenders at Holy Loch, Scotland and Naval Station Rota in Spain. As a fleet ballistic missile cargo ship, she transported torpedoes, Poseidon missiles, packaged petroleum, and spare parts to deployed to the submarine tenders. She was placed into service with Military Sealift Command as USNS Norwalk (T-AK-279) on 30 December 1963. USNS Norwalk made her first voyage early in 1964 to Holy Loch, Scotland. Her regular assignment into 1970s was the transportation of missile components and ship's stores from a secret dock in Charleston, South Carolina to the submarine tenders at Holy Loch as an U.S. Navy auxiliary ship. The 16 Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) were stored in tubes in the ship's #3 cargo hold, just forward of the ship's bridge. The Norwalk Class Cargo ships had built-in mast, booms and derrick cranes and could load and unload their own cargo without dock side cranes or gantry if needed. Due to the mission of Norwalk Class Cargo ships, the ships when in use were rated Top secret, the highest level of classified information. The Victory ship's deckhouse was enlarged to accommodate additional auxiliary ship crew members: 9 to 11 officers and 136 to 155 enlisted men. Inactivation She was struck from the Navy List on 1 August 1979. On 10 September 1979 she as laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River, at Fort Eustis, Newport News, Virginia. The Title was transferred to Maritime Administration (MARAD). She was sold for scrapping on 8 September 1979, to Global Marketing Systems Inc. for $316.801.00 under MA contract # MA-12610.	2.359375
69686754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guennol%20Stargazer	Guennol Stargazer	The Guennol Stargazer is a nine-inch, 5,000-year-old marble idol from Anatolia. The statue depicts a nude human figure, referred to as a "stargazer" as the figure appears to look upward. Approximately fifteen intact stargazer statues exist, along with fragments of other stargazer figures. Like other stargazer figures, Guennol Stargazer has a mark on its neck indicating it may have been ritually "killed" before it was buried. When placed for auction in New York in 2017, the Turkish government sued, claiming it had been illegally exported. By 2023 this claim seemed to have failed. History The sculpture was possibly produced between 4800 and 4100 BCE in what is today Manisa Province in Turkey, although Christie's dated it about a thousand years later. The piece was in the collection of Alastair and Edith Martin. The couple purchased the piece from an art dealer, J.J. Klejman, in 1961. How Klejman came to own the sculpture has not been established. Klejman was referred to by former director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas Hoving, as one of his "favorite dealer-smugglers". Klejman was implicated in the museum's purchase of the Lydian Hoard, which the museum acquired despite awareness that the artifacts were stolen. Ownership of the sculpture eventually passed from the Martins to their son, Robin Martin, and later to a gallery. Michael Steinhardt, an American hedge fund manager, purchased the idol for $1.5 million in 1993. The figure was displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, on loan, at times between 1966 and 1993, and was exhibited in the museum again from 1999 to 2007.	2.265625
69687066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkodon	Korkodon	The Korkodon (; ) is a river in Magadan Oblast, Russian Far East. It is a right tributary of the Kolyma, with a length of a drainage basin of . The upper reaches of the river are in Omsukchansky District, then it flows across the Srednekansky District in its lower course. The name of the river originated in the Northern Yukaghir language. The Korkodon basin is a desolate area; there are no settlements, but since the lower reaches of the river are navigable; timber rafting was carried out in the 20th century. Course The Korkodon is the fifth longest tributary of the Kolyma and the third in basin area. It has its sources in the Korkodon Range of the Kolyma Mountains. It heads first roughly northwards within a swampy valley between the Korkodon Range to the west and the Molkaty and Kongin ranges to the east. Halfway through its course it bends and flows west and then southwestwards, fringing the Yukaghir Highlands. In its lower course it meanders and flows through a wide flat valley. Finally the river joins the right bank of the Kolyma from its mouth at an elevation of . The Korkodon has some very long tributaries. The most important ones are the long Bulun and the long Bolshoy Yarkodon from the right; and the long Pungali and the long Biliriken from the left. There are over 1,100 lakes in the Korkodon basin, most of them of the thermokarst type (alas), as well as swamps. The river freezes between mid October and mid May, but polynyas may form in the lower reaches. Fauna Among the fish species found in the river Arctic char, pike, sucker, lenok and whitefish deserve mention.	2.40625
69687318	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera%20Dwyer	Vera Dwyer	Vera Gladys Dwyer (23 February 1889 – 10 September 1967) was an Australian novelist. She also contributed stories to magazines and newspapers. Life Dwyer was born in Hobart on 23 February 1889, the second daughter of reporter, George Lovell Dwyer and Margaret Jane (née Shield). Her older sister, Ella Maggie Dwyer (9 March 1887 – 6 September 1979), became a printmaker who also designed bookplates. She was educated at Friends School in Hobart, but when the family moved to Sydney by 1902 where her father joined the Evening News she was taught by governesses. At age nine, she wrote to "Aunt Mary", editor of the Children's Column in the Perth weekly, the Western Mail, sharing a very short story called "The Clock". The following year she began writing to "Dame Durden" (Ethel Turner), who in December 1899 accepted her story "Earwigs and Apricots" for publication in Australian Town and Country Journal. She became a regular contributor to Australian Town and Country Journal and to the Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser. In 1913 Dwyer's first book, With Beating Wings, was published by Ward, Lock & Co., as one of "their favourite Australian Gift Books, uniform with the works of Ethel Turner, Lilian Turner and Mary Grant Bruce". The reviewer for the Adelaide Mail wrote "Vera G. Dwyer can write a really good story, and if this is her first book we shall look with interest for further work from her pen". Immediately following the outbreak of World War I, Dwyer wrote "Arms and the Girl", a patriotic story which was sold to raise money for the Patriotic Fund. Her third book, A War of Girls, was described by the new book reviewer for The Age as having "a beautiful simplicity and naturalness about this sparkling tale of the school and the home". She married Lt. Warwick Coldham Fussell in on 26 October 1915, just three weeks before he left Australia to serve overseas. They divorced in 1925.	1.984375
69687478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTK%20Computer	DTK Computer	Datatech developed its own chipsets in addition to purchasing ones from VLSI and Chips and Technologies. The company's ASIC division comprised 20 employees under the supervision of Dr. Chen Kunnan in 1989. Most employees in this division were trained on the job, although some were also taught at seminars hosted by other ASIC manufacturers. The Electronics Research Service Organization, an agency of the Taiwanese government focused on VLSI circuits, provided funding for this division. Engineers designed the company's chipsets with the use of several EDA tools, including an ECAD Dracula design-rule checker, an ASIX II VLSI checker, a Daisy Logician circuit simulator, a MicroVAX II, and several EGA workstations. Up to four employees shared each workstation. Owing to the company's streamlined nature, new equipment could be delivered in two weeks, compared to two months for Acer, Datatech's domestic competitor. Unusual for a company of its stature, Datatech also developed its own BIOS for its IBM PC compatibles. Its first PC BIOS clone was developed in 1985; while second source of such BIOSes had already been developed by companies such as Phoenix Technologies in the United States, Datatech feared that they would be sued out of existence by IBM and so developed its own clean-room implementations in 1985. Although Datatech's fears were later assuaged, quality-assurance supervisor David Wang felt that the continued development of in-house BIOSes afforded the company technical expertise that could be applied to other aspects of their R&D lab, as was the case for the company's ASIC division. Further expansion (1989–1999)	2.25
69687649	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York/New%20Wave	New York/New Wave	New York/New Wave was an exhibition curated by Diego Cortez in 1981. Held at the Long Island City gallery P.S.1, it documented the crossover between the downtown art and music scenes. The show featured a coalition of No wave musicians, painters, graffiti artists, poets, and photographers. History The New Wave was a brief underground art and music post-punk pop art scene based around lower Manhattan that reflected the pulse of the late 1970s. By the early 1980s, the interest in it had transitioned from the streets into the art galleries of downtown New York. In June 1980, Colab's The Times Square Show, held in an abandoned multi-story massage parlor on 41st Street and Seventh Avenue, set the precedent as "the first radical art show of the eighties." Diego Cortez, co-founder the Mudd Club, a venue for underground music and counterculture events, united the downtown scene for a group exhibition titled New York/New Wave. The show held at P.S.1 in Long Island City, Queens from February 15 to April 5, 1981. The show featured over 100 participants, including Ray Johnson, Lawrence Weiner, William S. Burroughs, Andy Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring, Fab Five Freddy, Futura 2000, Kenny Scharf, Stephen Sprouse, Christopher Makos, Duncan Hannah, Maripol, Marcus Leatherdale, William Coupon, Bob Gruen, Kate Simon and Edo Bertoglio. The walls were covered with works of different media hung side by side. The show opened up the New York art scene to the then 20-year-old Basquiat, who participated under the alias of his graffiti tag SAMO. Reception John Perreault of the SoHo Weekly News was dumbfounded that the show was a huge hit: "Why so many people? Is the art world eager for a possible new wave slap in the face?" He found it "a plain and timid thing" and mocked the "New Wave" title by calling exhibition a "tidewrack."	2.34375
69687658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supriyo%20Bandyopadhyay	Supriyo Bandyopadhyay	Supriyo Bandyopadhyay is an Indian-born American electrical engineer, academic and researcher. He is Commonwealth Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University, where he directs the Quantum Device Laboratory. Bandyopadhyay has authored over 400 research publications on a wide range of topics including spintronics, straintronics, nanoelectronics and related aspects of nanotechnology. He is also the author of three textbooks entitled Physics of Nanostructured Solid State Devices, Introduction to Spintronics, and Problem Solving in Quantum Mechanics: From Basics to Real World Applications for Materials Scientists, Applied Physicists and Device Engineers. Bandyopadhyay is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), The Electrochemical Society, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Education Bandyopadhyay received his B.Tech. degree in Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur in 1980. He then earned his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Southern Illinois University in 1982, and a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University in 1985.	2.578125
69688463	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Propp	William Propp	William H. C. Propp (born 1957) is an American historian of Near-East civilizations. Propp served as a professor of history at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) from 1983 until his retirement in 2017. Propp studied Near eastern languages and civilizations at Harvard University before teaching at UC San Diego in 1983 at the Judaic Studies Department. Propp's work focuses on the biblical account concerning the Exodus. Propp supports the view that the biblical account of the Israelite Exodus from Egypt cannot be described as “historical” and that the potential evidence to support the account is too diffuse to be adequately tested. In terms of biblical narrative, Propp views features of the story, such as the hardening of Pharaoh's heart, as sharing similarities with other epics such as the Homeric epic where the gods implant either cowardice or courage into humans who already demonstrate bravery or fear. This may be viewed critically as a divine punishment for humans for sins that may ultimately be blamed instead on the gods themselves. Works Water in the Wilderness: A Biblical Motif and Its Mythological Background. Harvard Semitic Monographs, 1987. Editor with B. Halpern and D.N. Freedman, The Hebrew Bible and Its Interpreters. Eisenbrauns, 1990. Editor, Studies in Hebrew and Aramaic Orthography by F.I. Andersen, A.D. Forbes, and D.N. Freedman. Eisenbrauns, 1992. Exodus 1-18. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 1998. Editor with R.E. Friedman, Le-David Maskil: A Birthday Tribute to David Noel Freedman. Eisenbrauns, 2004. Exodus 19-40. Anchor Bible. Doubleday, 2006.	2.421875
69688528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater%20Madonna	Bridgewater Madonna	Raphael made many drawings and paintings of the Virgin and Child in Florence. The artful combination of gestures are particularly graceful, with an elegant contraposto twist. The gaze between the exquisite Mother and Child underlines its tenderness. Technical X-ray analysis shows that originally the artist painted a landscape as background, typical of earlier portrayals of the Madonna. Probably Raphael later decided that choosing a dark background allowed the pair to be painted more subtly, increasing the contrast between light and shade, and thus enhancing the sense of volume and monumentality. Raphael's motifs were foreshadowed by two earlier Florentine artists of the High Renaissance, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. In Michelangelo's sculpted Taddei Tondo, the Madonna is portrayed with the Christ Child outstretched on her knees, accompanied by the infant St John clutching a fluttering bird; and the motif of a serenely smiling Virgin and Child, depicted in contraposto on a dark background, is derived from da Vinci. Other copies of Raphael's painting exist: a version in the National Gallery, London; and an oval version, now held by the National Trust in Nostell Priory, Yorkshire.	2.5
69688601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hm%20scandal	Röhm scandal	Political views of homosexuality In 1928, the Nazi Party responded negatively to a questionnaire about their view of Paragraph 175, and declared "Anyone who even thinks of homosexual love is our enemy." Nazi politicians regularly railed against homosexuality, claiming that it was a Jewish conspiracy to undermine the German people. They promised to have homosexuals sterilized if they took power. The majority of Nazis held traditional moral beliefs and found Röhm and his associates, some of whom were homosexual, intolerable. At this time any civil servant or officer whose homosexuality was discovered would have been dismissed, regardless of whether a violation of Paragraph 175 could be proven. The SA's tacit tolerance of homosexuals in its own ranks was in contrast to this. This tolerance was dependent on remaining discreet and certainly not publicly known, lest it bring the SA's hypermasculine image into question. Röhm tried to separate his private and political life, but historian Laurie Marhoefer writes that "most Nazis considered supposedly private matters like sexuality intensely public and political". Biographer comments, "If Ernst Röhm was at all revolutionary, he was revolutionary in his demand that National Socialism and German society accept him as he was—a man who desired other men."	2.359375
68392512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado%20Tres%20Cruces	Nevado Tres Cruces	Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile. It has two main summits, Tres Cruces Sur at and Tres Cruces Centro at and a third minor summit, Tres Cruces Norte . Tres Cruces Sur is the sixth highest mountain in the Andes. The volcano has an extended history of activity, going back at least 1.5 million years. A number of lava domes surround the complex and a number of craters lie on its summits. The main volcano is of rhyodacitic composition and has generated two major ignimbritic eruptions, one 1.5 million years ago and a second 67,000 years ago. The last eruption was 28,000 years ago, but the volcano is a candidate source for a Holocene eruption and could erupt again in the future. Geography and geomorphology Nevado Tres Cruces is located in the High Andes of Copiapo and straddles the boundary between Chile (Atacama Region) and Argentina (Catamarca Province). The Salar de Maricunga is located west of Nevado Tres Cruces, the Almagro valley north and its tributary the Barrancas Blancas valley northeast of it. The international road between Chile and Argentina from Paso de San Francisco passes north of Nevado Tres Cruces; an unpaved road runs through the Barrancas Blancas valley. The Rio Lomas and Rio Salado originate from its southwestern and southeastern flanks, respectively.	2.796875
68392512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado%20Tres%20Cruces	Nevado Tres Cruces	Off the western coast of South America, the Nazca Plate subducts into the Peru-Chile Trench underneath the South America Plate at a rate of . The subduction has given rise to three volcanic belts in the Andes, from north to south these are the Northern Volcanic Zone, the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) and the Southern Volcanic Zone. These are separated by gaps where Pleistocene and Holocene volcanism is absent and where the downgoing plate sinks into the mantle at a shallow angle, squeezing out the overlying asthenosphere. Nevado Tres Cruces is part of the CVZ, which spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile and features over 1100 volcanoes. These old but uneroded volcanoes comprise both stratovolcanoes and lava dome complexes, as well as monogenetic volcanoes and calderas which have produced large ignimbrites. Among the better known volcanoes are Acamarachi, Aguas Calientes, Arintica, Aucanquilcha, Cerro Bajo, Cerro Escorial, Chiliques, Colachi, Cordon de Puntas Negras, Escalante, Guallatiri, Guayaques, Irruputuncu, Isluga, Lascar, Lastarria, Licancabur, Llullaillaco, Olca-Paruma, Ollagüe, Ojos del Salado, Parinacota, Pular, Putana, San Pedro, Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas, Socompa, Taapaca and Tacora. These volcanoes are remote and thus, aside from potential impacts of ash clouds on aerial travel, they do not constitute a major threat to humans. Nevado Tres Cruces together with neighbouring El Fraile, El Muertito, El Muerto, El Solo, Nevado de Incahuasi, Nevado San Francisco and Ojos del Salado forms the Ojos del Salado volcanic chain. It is a group of mostly dacitic volcanoes that is oblique with respect to the local trend of Pleistocene-Holocene volcanoes and was active during the last one million years. During the Oligocene and Miocene volcanic activity occurred in the Maricunga Belt, then around 6 million years ago it migrated eastward. South of Nevado Tres Cruces lies the Los Patos volcano. Composition	2.875
68392512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado%20Tres%20Cruces	Nevado Tres Cruces	Nevado Tres Cruces has erupted rocks ranging from dacite to rhyodacite which define a potassium-rich calc-alkaline suite. They feature biotite and hornblende phenocrysts and there is evidence that magma mixing took place during the genesis of the magmas. Older volcanic rocks are andesites with clinopyroxene, hornblende, labradorite and orthopyroxene as phenocryst phases. The occurrence of obsidian has been reported but was not exploited in prehistoric times. Climate and vegetation Strong winds, intense insolation, high diurnal and seasonal temperature variations characterize the region. At high elevations, precipitation falls mainly in winter in the form of snow and hail. The lack of visible life in the hyperarid region has led to numerous travellers deeming it a "lunar landscape". There are wetlands associated with the Rio Lamas on Nevado Tres Cruces. The area is part of the Nevado Tres Cruces National Park created in 1994. Human history The volcano was climbed on February 24, 1937, by members of the Second Polish Andean Expedition, Stefan Osiecki and . Eruption history Nevado Tres Cruces was active during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with the oldest activity pre-dating 1.5 million years ago. Potassium-argon dating has yielded ages of 3.4±0.5 and 4.9±0.4 million years ago. Rodrigo erupted 4.4±0.6 million years ago, Lemp 2.8±0.3 million years ago and Cristi 2.5±1.3 million years ago. The three western lava domes were emplaced 2.1±0.3 million years ago. The western lava flow is dated to be 1.4±0.4 million years old. The well-preserved Indio and La Espinilla lava domes were erupted 350,000±40,000 and 168,000±6,000 years ago, respectively. Volcanic activity took place in two stages separated by a long pause,. The time-averaged growth rate of is slow for a volcano on a convergent margin.	2.8125
68393020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soerjadi%20Soedirdja	Soerjadi Soedirdja	Soerjadi Soedirdja (11 October 1938 – 3 August 2021) was an Indonesian politician and military general. He was Governor of Jakarta from 1992 to 1997 and also Minister of Home Affairs from 1999 to 2001. Career Governor of Jakarta During his leadership, he made projects to build flats, create green areas, and also increase water catchment areas. The subway and triple decker projects that had been touted at the time have not materialized. He succeeded in freeing the streets of Jakarta from pedicab transportation, a program that had been started since the previous governor (Bang Wi). In addition, the 27 July 1996 incident occurred during the Jakarta period under his leadership. In addition, Soerjadi also implemented a One Way System (SSA) on a number of roads. To support the rate of mobility of Jakarta's population, the central government and regional governments as well as the private sector have built a number of toll roads, namely the Inner City Toll Road, the Outer Ring Road Toll Road, the Airport Toll Road, as well as the Jakarta-Cikampek, Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi and Jakarta-Merak toll roads, which connecting Jakarta with the surrounding cities. Soerjadi also implemented an increase in the discipline and quality of apparatus resources in the Five Guidelines for DKI Jakarta Government Officials. From this program, the Provincial Government of Jakarta received the 'Samya Krida Tata Tenteram Karta Raharja' Award. The award is an appreciation for the highest work results in implementing the 5 Year Development.	1.90625
68393038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAGR%20G%20class%20G233%20Leschenault%20Lady	WAGR G class G233 Leschenault Lady	In 2012, the Boyanup museum was reopened, under the new name "South West Rail and Heritage Centre". The question most frequently asked by local visitors to the reopened museum was, 'What's happening to Leschenault Lady, are you going to restore it?' The following year, 2013, RHWA volunteers began dismantling the locomotive so that the boiler could be sent away for repairs, and the rusted ashpan could be replaced. In early 2014, the boiler, which weighs , was crane lifted from Leschenault Lady frames and sent off to Cutts Engineering in Manjimup for ultrasound testing, repairs and some updating. The boiler stays were replaced, a new ashpan was fabricated, and a new smokebox was fitted. Meanwhile, RHWA volunteers worked on the underframe, and local business Piacentini & Sons undertook an off-site restoration of the locomotive's tender. In December 2020, the boiler passed its cold-water pressure test. The following month, Piacentini sent the tender back to the museum. On 22 August 2021, the locomotive returned to steam, as part of celebrations marking the sesquicentenary of railways in Western Australia. Now that the locomotive is steaming again, RHWA will run it up and down the small length of track at the museum. RHWA is also hoping to secure a short section of the former WAGR line to Capel and Busselton, to take passengers on a longer ride and relive memories of the Vintage Train. As the locomotive weighs only about 40 tons with coal, it is also feasible to move it by truck to special events.	2.09375
68393620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20Lao%20and%20Thai	Comparison of Lao and Thai	Epenthetic vowels Abugida scripts traditionally do not notate all vowels, especially the short vowel /a/, usually realized as /aʔ/ in Thai and Lao phonology. This especially affects the polysyllabic loan words of Sanskrit, Pali or Khmer derivation. Instances of when or when not to pronounce a vowel have to be learned individually as the presence of the vowel is inconsistent. For example, the Sanskrit word dharma (, ), which can mean 'dharma', 'moral' or 'justice', was borrowed into Thai as simply tham ( ). As a root, it appears as simply tham as in thammakaset ( ) 'land of justice' or 'righteous land' with the /aʔ/ or thammanit ( ), 'moral person' with /aʔ/. This is not always justified by etymology, as the terms derive from Sanskrit dharmakṣetra (, )—actually signifies 'pious man' in Sanskrit—and dharmanitya (, ), respectively, both of which feature a pronounced but unwritten /a/. Lao and most Isan speakers in relaxed environments will pronounce the 'extra' vowel yielding *thammakaset (, thammakasét, ) and thammanit (, , ). There are also instances where Thai has the epenthetic vowel lost in Lao, such as krommathan (, ), 'debt contract', whereas Lao has nativized the pronunciation to kromtham ( kômtham, ). This is an exception, as the extra vowel is a sign of Lao-retained pronunciation such as Thai chit (, ), 'painting' from Sanskrit citra (, ), which is chit (, , ), chit[ta] (, chitta, ) or extremely epentheticized chit[tara] (, chittala, in Isan.	2.421875
68393620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20Lao%20and%20Thai	Comparison of Lao and Thai	To turn a pronoun into a plural, it is most commonly prefixed with mu ( ) but the variants tu ( ) and phuak ( ) are also used by some speakers. These can also be used for the word hao, 'we', in the sense of 'all of us' for extra emphasis. The vulgar pronouns are used as a mark of close relationship, such as long-standing childhood friends or siblings and can be used publicly, but they can never be used outside of these relationships as they often change statements into very pejorative, crude or inflammatory remarks. Tones Even Thai words with clear cognates in Lao can differ remarkably by tone. Determining the tone of a word by spelling is complicated. Every consonant falls into a category of high, middle or low class. Then, one must determine whether the syllable has a long or a short syllable and whether it ends in a sonorant or plosive consonant and, if there are any, whatever tone marks may move the tone. Thai กา ka, crow, has a middle tone in Thai, as it contains a mid-class consonant with a long vowel that does not end in a plosive. In Standard Lao, the same environments produce a low tone but is typically or rising-mid-falling in Western Lao.	2.515625
68393620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20Lao%20and%20Thai	Comparison of Lao and Thai	Despite the differences in pattern, the orthography used to write words is nearly the same in Thai and Lao, even using the same tone marks in most places, so it is knowing the spoken language and how it maps out to the rules of the written language that determine the tone. However, as the Tai languages are tonal languages, with tone being an important phonemic feature, spoken Lao words out of context, even if they are cognate, may sound closer to Thai words of different meaning. Thai คา kha , 'to stick' is cognate to Lao ຄາ, which in Vientiane Lao is pronounced , which may sound like Thai ค้า kha , 'to trade' due to similarity in tone. The same word in some parts of Isan near Roi Et Province would confusingly sound to Thai ears like ขา kha with a rising tone, where the local tone patterns would have many pronounce the word with a rising-high-falling heavier on the rising. Although a native Thai speaker would be able to pick up the meaning of the similar words of Lao through context, and after a period of time, would get used to the different tones (with most Lao speech varieties having an additional one or two tones to the five of Thai), it can cause many initial misunderstandings. Lexical differences Although the majority of Lao words are cognate with Thai, many basic words used in everyday conversation lack cognates in Thai. Some usages vary only by frequency or register. For instance, the Thai question word 'เท่าไหร่' is cognate with Lao 'ເທົ່າໃດ' , but Lao tends to use a related variant form 'ท่อใด' and 'ທໍ່ໃດ' , respectively, more frequently, although the usage is interchangeable and preference probably more related to region and person.	2.515625
68393822	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammalsvenska	Gammalsvenska	(locally ; literally "Old Swedish") is an Estonian Swedish dialect spoken in the neighborhood of Gammalsvenskby in Zmiivka, Ukraine. History It derives from the Estonian Swedish dialect of the late 1700s as spoken on the island of Dagö (Hiiumaa). While rooted in Swedish, the dialect shows influence and borrowings from Estonian, German, Russian, and Ukrainian. Prior to 1929, Gammalsvenska remained the first language for the Ukrainian Swedes; however, the last generation of Swedish-first speakers were born just after World War II Sovietization policies. Marriage into non-Swedish families and social pressures diminished the teaching of Gammalsvenska by parents to their children. Since the 1950s a Russian-Ukrainian surzhyk has been the dominant language in the village, although some Standard Swedish is taught in schools where it is seen as economically advantageous for jobs in local tourism and other employment opportunities. Use of Gammalsvenska is restricted mostly to older ethnic Swedes born in the 1920s or 1930s. only about 10 fluent Gammalsvenska speakers, all elderly women, were known in Ukraine. In Meadows, Manitoba, where most of the immigrants from Gammalsvenskby to Canada eventually settled, Gammalsvenska was retained into the early 1900s. However, , only a handful of elderly speakers remain. Phonology The first detailed description of Gammalsvenskby dialect's phonology is found in Anton Karlgren's ("Pronunciation and morphology of the Gammalsvenskby dialect"), written in 1906 and published in 1953. The article's description of the dialect is mainly based on the usage of four native speakers: Andreas Andersson Utas (born in 1883), Kristoff Hoas (born in 1877), Simon Hoas (born in the 1860s) and Mats Petersson Annas (born in the 1840s).	2.28125
68393822	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammalsvenska	Gammalsvenska	In another article published in 2020, Linguist Alexander Markov described the Gammalsvenska's phonology on the basis of three speakers' speech production: Anna Lyutko (born in 1931), Melitta Prasolova (born in 1926) and Lidia Utas (born in 1933). The phonology of Gammalsvenska is characterized by the lack of rounded front vowels /y:/ and /øː/. The open vowel /œː/ appears only as an allophone. Furthermore, two so-called 'primary diphthongs', /ɛi/ and /œʉ/, have been retained in speech. In terms of consonants, the voiced retroflex flap [ɽ] appears, and the occlusives /p t k/ are unaspirated. The velar consonants /g/ and /k/ preceding front vowels have not become palatalized, and /s/ has developed the allophone [z] due to assimilation. Similar to the rest of Eastern Swedish dialects, Gammalsvenska does not use pitch accent. Vowels According to Mankov, the dialect has 6 short and 7 long vowel phonemes. Diphthongs Gammalsvenska retains the usage of two diphthongs, and , which have developed out of the Old Norse diphthongs ei and au. They're mostly long, and tend to match the Standard Swedish and . Compare and ("home"), or and ("onion"). Before long consonants or consonant clusters, however, the diphthongs are shortened, for example in "fire". In certain words, other diphthongs might appear as well, an example being "after" (developed from "back-after") Prosody Gammalsvenska usually places stress on the first syllable. This remains the case even in compounds, though with strong secondary stress on the second element. In some compounds, however, primary stress is placed on the second element, such as in "Christmas Eve", and certain prefixes are never stressed at all (e.g. be- in bedrág, "receive", or fär- in färsvinn, "disappear"), in which Gammalsvenska is similar to Standard Swedish. Vocabulary	2.421875
68394072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsley%20F.%20Kimball	Lindsley F. Kimball	Lindsley Fiske Kimball (1895 – August 16, 1992) was an American nonprofit administrator who served as an associate to John D. Rockefeller Jr. and was the former president of the United Service Organizations and the National Urban League. Biography Kimball was born in Brooklyn and graduated from Columbia University in 1917. After graduating from Columbia, he served in the United States Navy during World War I and reached the rank of lieutenant. After the war, Kimball spent four years working in the office of the Underwood Typewriter Company and studied accounting. Kimball began his career in Nonprofit Management as a Sunday school superintendent for St. Paul's Congregational Church in Brooklyn. He helped found the Congregational Church in Manhasset, New York and supervised its Sunday school. He also served as president of the Brooklyn Borough Council of the Boy Scouts of America, then the nation's largest chapter. While at the Boy Scouts, Kimball earned a PhD in sociology and economics from New York University in 1930. In 1938, Kimball became an executive with the Greater New York Fund that merged with United Way of New York City and was recruited by John D. Rockefeller Jr. to work on special projects and became associated with the Rockefeller family. During World War II and the Korean War, Kimball served as president of the United Service Organizations. He retired from the organization in 1953. Kimball also served as president of the National Urban League, where he recruited Whitney Young as its executive director. In addition, Kimball was also fundraising chairman for the United Negro College Fund and was the vice president of the General Education Board. Kimball with involved with the Rockefeller family, serving as executive vice president of the Rockefeller Foundation, a trustee and treasurer of Rockefeller University, associate to the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and aide to John D. Rockefeller Jr.	2.109375
68394165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin%20Park%20%28Baldwin%20Harbor%2C%20New%20York%29	Baldwin Park (Baldwin Harbor, New York)	Baldwin Park (also known as Baldwin Harbor Town Park) is a park in Baldwin Harbor, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is located within and operated by the Town of Hempstead. Description Baldwin Park was created in the early 1960s, and its creation was funded in part by then-Governor Nelson Rockefeller's land-acquisition fund. Robert Moses preferred funding for this park site over another one in nearby Point Lookout, and funding was ultimately provided. The park was approved by the Town of Hempstead in 1961, and it was announced that New York would fund 75% of the park's property costs, and that it would be town-operated and maintained. The park is roughly in total size, and is built atop property formerly owned by Press Wireless. The park was created in part due to fears by local residents that homes would be built on the land. In the 2010s, the Town of Hempstead planned to construct a nature path through the park as part of a $4.5 million stormwater mitigation project. Amenities in the park include sports and recreational facilities (including a skate park), a spray pool, and a playground, amongst others.	1.9375
68394227	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Anne%27s%20Church%2C%20Liverpool%20%281772%E2%80%931871%29	St Anne's Church, Liverpool (1772–1871)	St Anne's Church was a Church of England parish opened in Liverpool, on 25 October 1772. History It had been built at the expense of Thomas and Richard Dobb, cabinetmakers, of Williamson Square and Henry North, fruit merchant, Dale Street. They owned the land on which it was built. At the time the area was still quite rural. They applied to Parliament of Great Britain for the passage of the Richmond Chapel, Lancashire Act 1772, to enable the completion of the church as a chapel of ease. The church was located on Richmond Street or Cazneau Street. The church building was replaced with a new one in 1871, with the original location being demolished. The newer church was closed in 1971 and later demolished. The first rector was Claudius Crigan, who had been an army chaplain in Antigua. He married Mary Harman, the widow of a wealthy slave owner, and retired from the army. The church provided services for wealthy inhabitants of Liverpool, raising money to pay the rector by selling pews for sixty and seventy guineas, with no free pews. Poet Mary Rolls was married here in 1810. An example of the congregation is Robert Bostock of Tarleton Street, who occupied three pews. Bostock was a ship captain who traded in slaves and various goods. At the time, Liverpool was the largest slave trading port in Britain, surpassing Bristol in the 1740s and peaking around 1780 before the trade was abolished in 1807.	2.40625

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