id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
381
| title
stringlengths 1
211
| text
stringlengths 1.02k
2.05k
| edu_quality
float64 1.91
4.03
| naive_quality
int64 0
0
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
77379193
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleria%20standoff
|
Aleria standoff
|
Consequences
After the standoff was over, violent demonstrations erupted in Ajaccio and Bastia. The Gendarmerie intervened with their armored vehicles. On the night of 27 August, another gendarme was killed with a hunting rifle by a sniper in the course of the clashes. The perpetrator was arrested.
The ARC was banned by the French government on the same day. Simeoni was sentenced to five years in jail, but he was a free man by 1977. At the time of the trial on Simeoni, on 21 May 1976, a new-borne nationalist organization, the National Liberation Front of Corsica (NLFC) appeared on the scene by launching a series of bomb attacks in Ajaccio, Bastia, Sartène, Porto-Vecchio and other Corsican towns. This bombings marked the beginning of the Corsican conflict.
Several years later, voices from within Corsican nationalism bore criticism on the Aleria incident. Former militant leader François Sargentini claimed that Aleria deepened the division between autonomists and independentists and communist activist Dominique Bucchini said that the incident "worked like a trap", diverting efforts and highlighting excesses, like xenophobia. In the opinion of Emile Zuccarelli, deputy mayor of Bastia in 2005, the incident and its aftermath "slowed down economic development, employment and the improvement of the standard of living in Corsica". In 1987, Simeoni expressed his deep regret for the deaths of the two gendarmes at Aleria.
| 1.9375
| 0
|
77379943
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine%20Lucy%20Latimer
|
Christine Lucy Latimer
|
Christine Lucy Latimer is a Canadian experimental filmmaker known for her hybrid works using obsolete media and technologies (16mm, home video, etc.).
Background
Latimer grew up in the 1990s in a middle-class suburb outside of Toronto with her artist mother and avid film and TV watching father. She claims the exposure to art, cinema and television from both of her parents was an early influence on her artistic approach. Latimer attended the Ontario College of Art and Design where her instructors were moving-image artists (active in Toronto in decades prior) who identified themselves as either strictly experimental filmmakers or video artists. Latimer chose to study both video and filmic mediums with a mind to layering and combining them.
Selected filmography
Tender (2021)
House Pieces (2019)
C2013 (2014)
Physics and Metaphysics in Modern Photography (2014)
Nationtime (2013)
Jane's Birthday (2013)
Still Feeling Blue About Color Separation (2015)
Lines Postfixal (2013) The Magik Iffektor (2012) The Pool (2011)Fruit Flies (2010)Focus (2009)Ghostmeat (2003)Mosaic'' (2002)
| 1.953125
| 0
|
77380082
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acletoxenus
|
Acletoxenus
|
Acletoxenus is a genus of fly within the family Drosophilidae. The larvae within this genus are predatory and are associated with colonies of whitefly.
Species
There are currently four known species within the genus:
Acletoxenus formosus (Loew, 1864)
Acletoxenus indicus Malloch, 1929
Acletoxenus meijerei Duda, 1924
Acletoxenus quadristriatus Duda, 1936
Lifecycle
A female Acletoxenus will lay an egg on a leaf in close proximity to a colony of whitefly. Once the egg hatches it will begin hunting and consuming early instars of whitefly. Larvae will glue whitefly eggs, wax and empty puparium using secreted mucus to their body, which is believed to act as camouflage. The larvae will move from leaf to leaf in search of prey and eat between 30 and 40 developing whitefly. Once ready to pupate the Acletoxenus larvae will form a pupa on the underside of a leaf. Eventually the larvae will develop into an adult fly, which emerges after breaking through a distinct lid at the head of the pupa. The fly once emerged will leave behind a translucent empty puparium.
Parasites
Species of Acletoxenus are known to be extensively parasitised by parasitoid wasps such as Pachyneuron leucopiscida.
| 2.625
| 0
|
77380200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess%20Report
|
Countess Report
|
The 2022 report showed that men continued to dominate in gallery representation with the exception of the opposite trend for First Nations artists where women significantly outnumber men; there is, however, increased representation of non-binary identified artists. The 2022 report also showed that, in most gallery types, First Nations artists were underrepresented in solo exhibitions and that representation ranged from 6.5% in artist-run initiatives, 7% in major museums and 26% at university and state galleries.
The National Gallery of Australia
In early 2019 the National Gallery of Australia, under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich, began undertaking collection analysis by gender in collaboration with the Countess Report. The gallery found that 25% of the Australian art collection and 33% of the First Nations collection were by women artists and of acquisitions made between 2014 and 2018 only 27% of the artworks were by women.
To address this the gallery acknowledged the imbalances and introduced a five-year gender equity action plan in 2022 in which it committed to the 50-50 gender representation target. The gallery also began the Know My Name (exhibition), which opened in November 2020, to shine the spotlight on female artists.
From these initiatives the National Gallery increased its representation significantly from the proportion of women artists in exhibitions being 25% in 2018 to 84.4% in the 2022 report and is recognised by the Countess Report as the top performing major gallery.
Additional resources
The Countess Report is also the commissioning partner of Clear expectations: guidelines for institutions, galleries and curators working with trans, non-binary and gender diverse artists (2019). This guideline is a best practice guide for working with trans, non-binary and gender diverse creatives.
| 2.765625
| 0
|
77380436
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20history%20of%20Palaeotherium
|
Research history of Palaeotherium
|
During the 20th century, a second complete skeleton of P. magnum was excavated from the plasters within the French commune of Mormoiron. It was sent to the geological department of the University of Lyon and described after preparation by the Austrian geologist Frédéric Roman in 1922. Roman depicted a drawing of a reconstruction of the skeleton of P. magnum based on the Mormoiron skeleton within his 1922 monography. According to Austrian palaeontologist Othenio Abel in 1923, it was the most complete skeleton of Palaeotherium to have been found and amongst the most complete of early Cenozoic mammal skeletons, missing only a few ribs and a left femur.
20th century taxonomic revisions
Early 20th century taxonomy
The taxonomic complexity of Palaeotherium further developed from revisions by the Swiss palaeontologist Hans Georg Stehlin in 1904. The first species of Palaeotherium that he erected was P. lautricense based on an upper jaw from a collection at the Muséum de Toulouse that originated from sandstone deposits at Castres. He said that the dimensions of the canine's root do not much differ from that of P. curtum but that those of the molars display several prominent differences. He also wrote about a somewhat crushed but mostly complete skull of the same species that was collected by Noulet, drawing a reconstruction of it. Stehlin also said that a second skull of the same species from Castres is slightly less preserved and did not provide him with any additional information.
| 2.65625
| 0
|
77380436
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20history%20of%20Palaeotherium
|
Research history of Palaeotherium
|
In his monography for palaeotheres, published also in 1904, Stehlin considered most species within Palaeotherium to be potentially valid, although he did not consider P. aniciense to be such. In his review, he noted that almost all taxonomists were conservative about either invalidating species erected by Cuvier or naming new ones based on material studied by him. Stehlin also revised P. girondicum as P. magnum var. girondicum, or P. magnum girondicum. He established the subspecies name P. curtum var. perrealense, or P. curtum perrealense, based on jaw fragments from La Débruge. The first new species that he named was P. Mühlbergi from dental material in the Swiss municipality of Obergösgen that Ruetimeyer examined back in 1862. The second, third, and fourth species that he named were P. Buseri, P. Heimi, and P. Möschi based on teeth from the same municipality, the former two also having been recognized from Mormont. He also stated that the recent excavations at Mormont from Natural History Museum of Basel had yielded fossils that he classified along with a mandible identified by Pictert in 1869 under the new species name P. Renevieri. Finally, he also determined that an additional species Palaeotherium Rütimeyeri, which he described as having primitive premolars, was present in the municipality of Egerkingen. Of note is that Stehlin previously established the species names Palaeotherium Depereti and Paloplotherium Rütimeyeri in 1902 but that the latter is dubious due to the lack of established fossil descriptions and is therefore synonymous with the 1904 species name.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
77380436
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20history%20of%20Palaeotherium
|
Research history of Palaeotherium
|
In 1910, the French palaeontologist Charles Depéret erected the lophiodont genus Lophiaspis, reclassifying "Lophiodon" occitanicus into the newer taxon. Later in 1917, he recognized two additional species of Palaeotherium called P. Euzetense and P. Stehlini. German palaeontologist Wilhelm Otto Dietrich named the German species P. Kleini in 1922, basing it off of fossils from the locality of Mähringen and mentioning that it would have been the size of P. curtum and P. Heimi.
Later 20th century revisions
In 1968, upcoming German palaeontologist Jens Lorenz Franzen, then a graduate student, made major revisions of Palaeotherium within his dissertation. In his species synonymization process, he listed P. aniciense, P. subgracile, and P. magnum parisiense as synonyms of P. magnum; P. brivatense and P. moeschi as synonyms of P. medium; P. indeterminatum as a synonym of P. crassum, P. latum and P. buseri as synonymous with P. curtum; P. kleini as a synonym of P. duvali; and P. velaunum as synonymous with P. muehlbergi. He additionally listed P. giganteum, P. gracile, P. parvulum, P. commune, P. primaevum, and P. gervaisii as dubious species names, although he also considered the first species to have possibly belonged to the Rhinocerotidae instead. Stehlin also reclassified P. "curtum" perrealense into P. medium.
Furthermore, Franzen converted some species into subspecies, namely P. magnum girondicum, P. magnum stehlini, P. medium suevicum, and P. medium euzetense. In addition, he named the following subspecies that he named in his thesis: P. castrense robiacense, P. crassum robustum, P. curtum villerealense, P. curtum frohnstettense, P. muehlbergi praecursum, and P. duvali priscum. Not all species within Palaeotherium have any recognized subspecies in them. He also erected P. pomeli using fossils from a locality in Castres and reclassified "Plagiolophus" siderolithicum into Palaeotherium.
| 2.25
| 0
|
77381877
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsgate%20Lifeboat%20Station
|
Kingsgate Lifeboat Station
|
After a number of launches when the lifeboat was ultimately not required, the first effective service was made on the 11 January 1866, to the brig Fre Mad of Norway, driven ashore at Kingsgate, whilst on passage from London to Messina, Sicily. The Kingsgate lifeboat rescued all seven crew. The brig was later refloated and towed to London.
In 1870, the first brand new boat was placed on station. Constructed by Forrestt of Limehouse, the boat was especially narrow to assist with launching down the gap, having a beam of just 5-foot 8in, at least 4in less than most other lifeboats. Costing £210, she was provided out of RNLI funds, and named Thomas Chapman after the Deputy Chairman of the Institution. A special two-wheeled carriage was also provided.
On the 22 February 1880, the Kingsdown lifeboat was launched to the aid of the ketch Forager of Portsmouth, which had been driven ashore. A coastguard boat had been launched to try to help refloat the vessel, but their efforts were unsuccessful. When the weather worsened, the lifeboat launched. After 3 hours effort, the Forager was refloated, but found to be leaking badly. A steam-tug then towed the vessel to Ramsgate harbour, with the lifeboat tied at the stern of the vessel to assist steering, saving the boat and 4 crew.
In 1880, another new 28-foot lifeboat was constructed for Kingsgate, this time by Woolfe of Shadwell. Rather than being made narrow, the boat was of standard size, and work was carried out on the cliffs to widen the gap to the beach. The boat was again provided from RNLI funds, and again named Thomas Chapman. The boat would only be launched once on service, to reports of a vessel on Longnose reef, but nothing was found.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
77382200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Bicske
|
Battle of Bicske
|
The Battle of Bicske happened on June 26, 1578, between the Ottoman army and the Habsburgs near Bicske. The Ottomans were victorious.
On June 26, the Hungarian noblemen, Ferenc Nádasdy and Pálffy Miklós, launched a raid against the Ottomans. The troops joined the Hungarians from Érsekújvár and Tata. These troops met at Komárom and set out with an army of 1,600 men, including 700 cavalry and 900 infantry. The joint Hungarian-German army set out on the evening of the same day. The Habsburgs left the infantry at Biscke and the cavalry raided Buda. The Habsburgs managed to capture thirty Ottoman horses which were grazing on the fields around Buda Castle. Celebrating this success, they left and returned to Biscke with their loot.
Hearing this, the Ottoman governor of Buda, Sinan Pasha, rode out with his army to meet the Habsburgs, bringing with him cavalry, 500 janissaries, and 16 cannons. Pálffy and Nádasdy realizing the danger, did not want to engage the Ottomans, but the soldiers wanted to fight the Ottomans. The Hungarian Hussar, Mátyás of Berhida, begged the commanders to allow him and his men to fight. Eventually, they succumbed to his pleas. The commanders then summoned the infantry at Biscke. The Habsburgs had the cavalry at the center while the infantry at the wings.
Seeing the great number of the Ottomans, the Habsburgs lost their chance to retreat and had to fight. The Ottoman launched an attack, confident in their larger force. Under pressure from the Ottomans, the Habsburgs attempted to flee and engaged in combat along the way, but they were unable to free themselves from the Turks. Nádasdy and Pálffy were unable to stop the Hussars from fleeing when the Turks opened fire with their cannons. Nádasdy was also dragged along by the runners. Pálffy stuck with the struggling infantrymen until they were able to take a breather in a forest.
| 2.734375
| 0
|
77382507
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20U%C5%BEice
|
Siege of Užice
|
The siege of Užice was a military engagement in 1738 between the Austrian garrison and the besieging Ottoman army. The Ottomans captured Užice after a 3-week siege.
Background
On October 2, 1737, the Austrian army, with the help of Serbian troops, captured the city of Užice from a 200-strong Ottoman garrison. After the surrender of Niš to the Ottomans, only Užice remained in the Imperial hands. The city could not hold out much longer due to a lack of Imperial reinforcements. At the end of 1737, the Imperials retreated behind the borders, and in early 1738, the Ottomans drove the remaining Imperial units in Transylvania. Following this, the Ottomans turned their attention to Užice.
Siege
The Ottoman governor of Bosnia, Ali Pasha, gathered around 20,000 men. He assigned 6,000 men to recapture Užice led by Beylerbey Ibrahim Pasha. On March 1st, the Ottomans appeared in front of Uzice which was defended by 320 Imperials led by Captain Schenk. With this small force, the Imperial defended the place successfully against the Ottomans for 3 weeks. The Ottomans then received two heavy guns from Zvornik on March 23, with these two guns, the Ottomans successfully destroyed the tower of the castle to rubble. The tower held the two field guns which were three pounds that the Imperials used to return fire against the Ottomans. Seeing this, the Imperials were forced to hand Užice to the Ottomans in exchange for a safe departure to Belgrade. After the fall of Uzice, the Ottomans gradually expanded throughout the territory of Serbia unharmed.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
77382570
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Vyshgorod
|
Siege of Vyshgorod
|
The battle and siege of Vyshgorod (modern Vyshhorod) took place in late 1173, during the 1171–1173 Kievan succession crisis.
Commanding another broad coalition army, prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal launched a second campaign against Kiev (modern Kyiv), capital city of Kievan Rus'. After the conquest and sack of Kiev in March 1169 by an earlier coalition assembled by Andrey, his brother Gleb of Pereyaslavl had been installed as the new grand prince, only to die under suspicious circumstances in January 1171. A series of princes briefly reigned in Kiev thereafter, with Andrey usually managing to put his preferred candidates on its throne, until his brother Vsevolod "the Big Nest" was driven out by the Rostislavichi of Smolensk in April 1172, enthroning Rurik Rostislavich. Andrey was most displeased when he heard about this, and assembled another coalition army under his son Yury to militarily enforce his will on Kiev.
The coalition army, consisting of Yurievichi princes of Suzdalia, the Novgorod Republic, Olgovichi of Chernigov (modern Chernihiv) and various princes from present-day Belarus, approached Kiev by crossing the Dnieper from the northeast, where a pitched battle occurred, the indecisive battle of Vyshgorod. The defending Kievans and Rostislavichi then retreated into the medieval hill fortress of Vyshgorod, beleaguered by coalition forces. Reinforcements from the Iziaslavichi of Volhynia relieved them, delivering a crushing defeat upon the northern coalition, which fell apart in the aftermath. The conflict established a new balance of power, definitively breaking the short-lived Kievan overlordship (March 1169 – January 1171) of Andrey, who was assassinated by his own courtiers the next year.
Background
| 2.1875
| 0
|
77382570
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Vyshgorod
|
Siege of Vyshgorod
|
The situation for Kiev was critical. Both Kievan and Suzdalian chronicles state that, when it became known that the enemy army was approaching Kiev, Mstislav decided not to defend the capital, but instead the princely troops locked themselves in neighbouring towns and cities. Rurik sat down in Belgorod (modern Bilhorod Kyivskyi), Mstislav Rostislavich in Vyshgorod, and David went to Galich (modern Halych) to ask for help from 'Yaroslav', although which Yaroslav is unclear, nor whether his appeal was successful or not. The Novgorod First Chronicle briefly confirms that the Novgorod–Rostov forces drove the Rostislavichi away from Kiev, and that a siege of Vyshgorod happened thereafter.
Battle and siege of Vyshgorod
The Kievan Chronicle goes into some length regarding the combat operations, specifying that once the coalition forces arrived at Vyshgorod, there was pitched battle with the Rostislavichi and Kievans on 8 September.
Thereafter, the defenders retreated into Vyshgorod, and Andrey Bogolyubsky's troops laid siege to the hill fortress. The description of the actual siege is very brief: 'And they attacked every day and [the others] attacked [them] from the city. They were fighting heavily and many good men of Mstislav's retinue were wounded and killed.' After 9 weeks, they learned that prince Yaroslav Iziaslavich of Lutsk was coming to the city with allied Galician-Volynian forces. After negotiations, his right to Kiev was recognised by the Rostislavichi. Yaroslav also negotiated and reached an agreement with Sviatoslav Vsevolodich, causing the Olgovichi of Chernigov to defect from the coalition to the Kievan side.
| 2.046875
| 0
|
77382639
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himanshu%20Nandal
|
Himanshu Nandal
|
Himanshu Nandal (born 2014) is an Indian para swimmer known for his national and international competitions accomplishments. Born in Rohtak, Haryana, Nandal is 100 percent visually impaired due to optic nerve failure from birth. Nandal won two gold medals and set a national record at the National Para Swimming Championship Udaipur in March 2022. He won three gold medals and set three national records at the National Para Championship Guwahati in November 2022.
Early life and background
Nandal comes from a family of sportspersons. His father, Balwant Singh is a former national hockey player currently with the Haryana Police. His uncle, Manjeet Nandal, represented India in judo at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Nandal initially pursued judo in 2017 before transitioning to swimming in 2021 to maintain his fitness and continue his interest in sports.
Swimming Career
Nandal began his formal swimming training in October 2021 at the Siri Fort Sports Complex under coach Ranbir Sharma. Sharma used specific training methods to accommodate Nandal's visual impairment, such as physically guiding his arm movements.
In March 2022, Nandal debuted at the National Para Swimming Championship in Udaipur, where he won two gold medals and set a national record. He continued to perform well in November 2022 at the National Para Championship in Guwahati, winning three gold medals and setting three national records. In April 2023, Nandal competed in the Citi World Para Series in Singapore, qualifying for the Asian Para Games 2022 in Hangzhou. In March 2024, he won three gold medals at the National Para Swimming Championship in Gwalior.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
77382645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland%20in%20the%20Iron%20Age
|
Scotland in the Iron Age
|
Findings from the site of the broch at Dun Vulan in South Uist, whch was occupied for c. 150 to 50 BCE, have generated some debate about the nature of life in the Atlantic coast during the Iron Age. A study of the site in the 1990s posited that the evidence of animal bones suggested a significant difference between those who lived in and around the broch and those in the surrounding area. They concluded that there was a settlement hierarchy similar to the distinction between Medieval English aristocrats and commoners. A second paper two years later refuted this. It does seem clear that in some parts of Iron Age Scotland, quite unlike almost all of recorded history right up to the present day, there does not seem to have been a hierarchical elite. Studies have shown that stone roundhouses with massively thick walls, must have contained virtually the entire population of islands such as Barra and North Uist and throughout Argyll. Iron Age settlement patterns in Scotland are not homogeneous, but, in these places, there is no sign of a privileged class living in large castles or forts, nor of an elite priestly caste or of peasants with no access to the kind of accommodation enjoyed by the middle classes.
Settlement
Brythonic (or "Pritennic") Celtic culture and language spread into southern Scotland at some time after the 8th century BC, possibly through cultural contact rather than mass invasion, and systems of petty kingdoms developed. However, the written records about Iron Age life in Scotland are principally from Roman sources and as a result tend to focus on the interludes of Roman occupation rather than a broader scope.
| 2.734375
| 0
|
77382645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland%20in%20the%20Iron%20Age
|
Scotland in the Iron Age
|
Ptolemy's Geographia lists tribes located north of the Forth-Clyde isthmus including the Cornovii in Caithness, the Caereni, Smertae, Carnonacae, Decantae, Lugi, and Creones also north of the Great Glen, the Taexali in the north-east, the Epidii in Argyll, the Venicones in Fife, the Caledonians in the central Highlands and the Vacomagi centred near Strathmore. It is likely that all of these cultures spoke a form of Celtic language known as Common Brittonic although there are no written records to corroborate this. The occupants of southern Scotland were the Damnonii in the Clyde valley, the Novantae in Galloway, the Selgovae on the south coast and the Votadini to the east.
Little is known about the alliances of Iron Age tribes. The exact location of Caledonia is unknown, and the boundaries are unlikely to have been fixed. The name itself is a Roman one, as used by Tacitus, Ptolemy, Pliny the Elder and Lucan, but the name by which the Caledonians referred to themselves is also unknown. It is likely that prior to the Roman invasions, political control in the region was highly decentralised and no evidence has emerged of any specific Caledonian military or political leadership. For example, Calgacus "is never referred to... as king or general" by Tacitus.
Similarly, we know nothing of the foreign policies of the senior leaders in mainland Scotland in the first century.
The Geographia identifies 19 "towns" from intelligence gathered during the Agricolan campaigns of the first century. No archaeological evidence of any truly urban places has been found from this time and the names may have indicated hill forts or temporary market and meeting places. Most of the names are obscure: Devana may be the modern Banchory; Alauna ("the rock") in the west is probably Dumbarton Rock and the place of the same name in the east Lowlands may be the site of Edinburgh Castle. Lindon may be Balloch on Loch Lomond side.
| 2.515625
| 0
|
77383052
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarquitius%20Priscus
|
Tarquitius Priscus
|
Tarquitius Priscus (1st century BC or early 1st century AD) was a Roman writer of Etruscan heritage, known for works on the etrusca disciplina, the body of knowledge pertaining to Etruscan religion and cosmology.
Identity
References from the time suggest that Tarquitius Priscus lived in the late Roman Republic or during the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. He has been conjecturally identified as either the Gaius Tarquitius Priscus who served under Sertorius in the 80s BC, or a son or grandson of the Tarquitius Priscus who was his legate in 72 BC. The scholar Varro (116–27 BC) seems to have known him.
Inscriptions show a gens Tarquitia in the Etruscan areas of Caere and Veii. The gens name Tarquitius is related to Tarquinius, the name of the Etruscan kings of Rome.
Works and influence
Tarquitius Priscus wrote at least two ostentaria, a form of arcane literature that collected, described, and interpreted signs (ostenta), including an ostentarium arborarium, a book on signs pertaining to trees, and an ostentarium Tuscum, which may have been translated from Etruscan. He translated, or perhaps transcribed, the prophecies of Vegoia, which were kept in the archives of the Palatine Apollo; one fragment of this work attributed to Tarquitius survives. Tarquitius has been regarded as the probable author of a conjectural bilingual Etrusco-Latin version of Etruscan writings that would have been in use by Latin authors ranging from Lucretius in the 1st century BC through Johannes Lydus (6th century AD) and perhaps Isidore of Seville (d. 636 AD).
Based on the two preserved fragments, Tarquitius appears to have written in prose, but because a clausula can be scanned as a trimeter at the end of one, verse composition is not impossible. Bormann proposed that Tarquitius wrote in verse forms such as senarii; Ovid mentions a Priscus and Catalepton 5 a Tarquitius in the company of verse writers.
| 2.65625
| 0
|
77383063
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagus%20of%20Berardo%20Maggi
|
Sarcophagus of Berardo Maggi
|
As a result of this plausible masonry of the sarcophagus, it can be inferred that one of its two sides was sacrificed out of view and is no longer visible: it is perhaps on this occasion, among other things, that an inscription was made on the marble case by means of a graphic style in an ideal humanistic capital, quite different from the fourteenth-century style of the rest of the sarcophagus. Further evidence for a presumed posteriority of the inscription on the chest is the use, in the same, of Arabic numerals, which in the fourteenth century were still not so widely used; another element in favor of this interpretation is the presence of the term “princeps,” never used in Maggi's lifetime, who, on the contrary, always wished to define himself as “Arbiter et arbitrator.” Also at the same juncture, moreover, would also have been added the circular supports at the base of the casket (22 cm in diameter each), made of gray stone and recurring, in many cases and as a type, in Renaissance sculpture: a further evidence, this last one, of an evident reworking of the fourteenth-century tomb in the midst of the Renaissance age. The text of the inscription affixed to the casket reads as follows:
| 2.046875
| 0
|
77383265
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack%20T.%20Hines
|
Mack T. Hines
|
Mack Torise Hines Jr. (December 2, 1946 – July 4, 2024) was an American Baptist minister and politician. Hines served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1995 until 2005, becoming the first African American to represent House Seat 59, which is based in Florence, South Carolina.
Biography
Hines was born on December 2, 1946, in Claussen, South Carolina, a small town just outside of Florence. He was the eldest of five children of Susana (née Gregg) Hines and Mack Torise Hines, Sr. Hines grew up in Claussen before the family moved to East Florence. There, he attended Holmes Elementary School and graduated from Wilson High School in 1965.
Hines graduated from Allen University with a Bachelor of Arts in history in 1969. He then received a Bachelor of Divinity from Morris College in 1980. Following his graduation from Allen University, Hines worked as a teacher for the Florence 1 School District for twelve years. On February 6, 1971, Hines married Gladys Jackson. The couple had three sons: Mack III, Michael, and Gregory.
In 1984, Hines accepted an invitation to join the ministry of St. Paul Missionary Baptist Church in Mullins, South Carolina, where he served for almost forty years.
Mack T. Hines was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives from House Seat 59 in 1994. He served in the state House from 1995 until his retirement in 2005.
In 2005, Hines completed his Doctor of Ministry from Hood Theological Seminary in Salisbury, North Carolina.
| 2.078125
| 0
|
77383348
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiteke
|
Baiteke
|
Baiteke () was the second uea of Abemama and its tributaries, Kuria and Aranuka, in the Gilbert Islands. The other islands were quickly falling under European influence, so Baiteke ordered every foreigner on his lands killed. He then monopolised trade with the Europeans and restricting them to one port, exporting copra. Buying firearms, Baiteke easily suppressed every rebellion under his reign. He established a heirarchal social structure with his family at the top. Binoka was succeeded by Binoka, his eldest son.
Ancestors and early life
While sojourning in Abemama in 1948, one of the Gilbert Islands, R. G. Roberts questioned I-Kiribati people about the royal family's history. He published a paper on this in 1953.
Karotu was the grandson of Tetabo, the first supreme leader to unify Abemama. Karotu's father, Namoriki, led a conquest which reduced Kuria and Aranuka to Abemama's tributaries, while Karotu consolidated absolute power over the three islands. Karotu and his first wife had a son named Tewaia. When Karotu abdicated his position in favour of Tewaia, he gave him the title of uea. Karotu's second wife, Teaa, fell pregnant, and so Karotu, Teaa, and Tewaia agreed that her child should become the next uea. Teaa and Tewaia had sex four times to establish the child's royal claim. The child was born around 1810; he was announced as Teaa and Tewaia's son and was named Baiteke. Roberts wrote that Baiteke was actually Karotu's son, but the distinguished Pacific historian, H. E. Maude, wrote in 1970 that it was ultimately impossible to know if Baiteke was Tewaia's son or stepbrother.
By Karotu's reign, Kuria and Aranuka had been discovered by two ships in the First Fleet, and Captain Charles Bishop sighted Abemama in 1799. Whalers began to visit the area in 1821; relations were initially hostile, but friendly trade was established in the 1830s. Baiteke's reign would be characterized by the constant threat of European influence on traditional I-Kiribati life.
Reign
| 2.40625
| 0
|
77383587
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily%20Bachilo
|
Vasily Bachilo
|
Vasily Yakovlevich Bachilo (; 18 January 1918 – 1 May 1989) was a Soviet Army major general who held divisional command during the Cold War.
Conscripted into the Red Army before World War II, Bachilo began the war as a platoon commander. Twice wounded during fighting on the Eastern Front, Bachilo was repeatedly decorated and rose to regimental command. Continuing his military service postwar, Bachilo commanded the 6th Guards Motor Rifle Division in East Germany during the early 1960s.
Early life and prewar service
A Belarusian, Vasily Yakovlevich Bachilo was born on 18 January 1918 in the village of Leshnitsa, Perezhersky rural council, Rudensky District, Minsk Oblast. Before conscription into the Red Army on 13 October 1938, he worked as a technician for the repair of steam engines in Osipovichi. Bachilo was dispatched to Atkarsk to serve as a Red Army man in the Territorial Ski Rifle Regiment stationed there. After completing two months of training at the military district's school for corpsmen at Kazan in June 1939, Bachilo became commander of the sanitary department of the 42nd Separate Medical-Sanitary Battalion, part of the 36th Motor Rifle Division stationed at Ayolan-Sain in Mongolia. In this capacity he fought in the Battles of Khalkhin Gol. After the end of the fighting, Bachilo was selected for officer training and became a cadet of the Omsk Infantry School in October 1939. After graduation from the year-long course on 10 October 1940 as a junior lieutenant, Bachilo was posted as a platoon commander to the 266th Rifle Regiment of the 93rd Rifle Division, stationed at Chita in the Transbaikal Military District.
| 2.125
| 0
|
77383956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Or%C8%99ova%20%281738%29
|
Battle of Orșova (1738)
|
The Battle of Orșova happened during the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–1739. The Ottomans defeated a relief Austrian force and captured Orșova in the end.
Battle
After the recapture of Užice, the Ottomans began mobilizing large enough forces to capture the Danube region. On 2 May 1738, the governor of Vidin, Ivaz Mehmed Pasha, was instructed to attack with 20,000 soldiers on the Banat and seize Orşova. Then, a few days later, on 8 May 1738, a corps of 4,000–5,000 Sipahis arrived at Orșova around 3 p.m. On hearing of the threat, the commander of Timisoara and Bánság, Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Count of Neipperg and Imperial Field Marshal, sent 22 battalions, 2 grenadier companies and 2 close regiments to the aid of Orsova. Colonel Misserony, the commander of the reinforcements on the way, went in to meet the Ottomans with a force of 430 cavalry, however; unaware of the size of their forces, he was surrounded, and he alongside 220 of his men were killed on the battlefield. Soon after this victory, the Ottomans laid siege to Orșova, garrisoned by an Austrian battalion. The Ottomans stormed Orșova and captured it. The defenders suffered 100 killed and were forced to retreat towards Ada Kaleh.
| 2.375
| 0
|
77384016
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaginella%20fraudulenta
|
Alaginella fraudulenta
|
Alaginella fraudulenta is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.
Description
The length of the shell attains 4.5 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm.
(Original description): The shell is very small, ovate, and smooth with a moderately raised spire. The outer lip features a prominent smooth varix, and the columella has four oblique plaits. The shell lacks any sculptural details.
The conoidal spire has approximately half the height of the aperture, with a narrowly convex apex. The protoconch is broadly rounded with a minute, indistinct nucleus.
The shell contains three whorls in total. The spire whorls are small and slightly convex, while the body whorl is large, convex, and gradually narrows anteriorly. The suture is superficial and simple.
The aperture is oblique and narrow, with nearly parallel margins. It is slightly channeled above and truncated at the base. The outer lip is somewhat convex, featuring a strong varix that is smooth on the inside, extending a short way up the spire and around the base, with a distinct posterior sinus.
The columella is oblique, with four subequidistant sharp plaits. The two upper plaits are transverse, while the lower two are slightly closer together and oblique, with the lowest extending to the basal margin.
The inner lip is thin and rather broadly spread over the body.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in Tertiary strata in New Zealand.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
77384126
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%20Zukerman
|
Gal Zukerman
|
Gal Zukerman (גל צוקרמן; born 17 August 2003) is an Israeli kite foiler. She won the Youth Sailing World Championships in 2022. Zukerman competed for Israel at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the Women's Formula Kite in Marseille, France, and came in eighth.
Career
Zukerman was born in Kibbutz Sdot Yam, Israel, and grew up near Haifa. Both of her parents were Olympians. Her father Eli Zuckerman, who competed for Israel in the 2000 Sydney Olympics and came in 13th in the Men's Two Person Dinghy in a model 470 sailboat with Eldad Ronen, is the professional director of the Israel Sailing Association, but does not get involved with his daughter's model. Her mother is Shani Kedmi, who represented Israel at both the 1996 Atlanta Olympics (coming in 12th) and the 2000 Sydney Olympics (coming in 4th) in Women's Two Person Dinghy with Anat Fabrikant.
She began sailing at the age of five, and it was not until she was on holiday in Greece that Zukerman first got to try sailing with a kite. She had wanted to do this before, but her mother was concerned for her safety. The kite became important and back in Israel she took advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel to practice her new sport.
People advised Zukerman to try a hydrofoil, and eventually she joined a course in which she fell in love with being able to silently move through the water powered by a kite. Kite foiling was selected in 2019 as a new sport for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
In 2021 Zukerman competed at the Youth Sailing World Championships at Mussanah in Oman, and won. She beat the Polish kitefoiler Julia Damasiewicz. Zukerman said that because of political differences with Israel, none of the finalist's national anthems were played. Everyone was friendly towards her, but news of her victory was not published for a few days.
| 2
| 0
|
77384178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddig%20Anwylini%20Pughe
|
Buddig Anwylini Pughe
|
Buddig Anwylini Pughe, (1857–1939) was a professional Welsh artist who travelled extensively in Europe, including Paris, Rome and Venice. She was born in Aberdyfi in Gwynedd.
Personal life
Buddug Anwylini Pughe was the daughter of the antiquarian scholar and physician John Pughe, also known as Ioan ab Hu Feddyg (1814-1874) and Catherine Samuel. Her father published a biography of the bard Eben Fardd. He also translated Meddygon Myddfai, the Physicians of Myddfai, published by the Welsh MSS. Society in 1864. Four of Buddug's brothers were physicians, three of whom - John Eliot Howard (died 1880), Rheinallt Navalaw, Taliesin William Owen (died 1893) - practised at Liverpool, and David Roberts (died 1885), who lived in Montgomeryshire.
At some point in her life, Buddug became the owner of a pictorial dictionary compiled by her deaf aunt, Elizabeth Pughe (1826-1847). This dictionary is evidence of the Pugh family's wish to give their daughter a good education decades ahead of the Elementary Education (Blind and Deaf Children) Act of 1893, which made basic education for deaf children compulsory. According to the archival book plate, Buddug eventually donated this dictionary to the National Library of Wales.
Career
Her paintings include a number of portraits, including those depicting her father John Pughe, Dr TF Roberts, the Principal of the University of Wales, and his family and Robert Parry. She painted The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford on Avon in 1905 and Figure Study in 1895. Her work also includes the watercolour Monk playing an oboe in a chapel interior in 1886.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
77384183
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koshkonong%20Settlement
|
Koshkonong Settlement
|
The second settlement included the townships of Burke, eastern Westport, Vienna, Windsor, and northwestern and central Bristol. The western portion of this settlement is generally known by the name of the Norway (or Norwegian) Grove Settlement, from the post office of that name in Vienna Township around which it lay. In its northern extremity, the settlement extended into Columbia County, northeast into Spring Prairie and Bonnet Prairie and northwest past the village of Lodi. This whole region was in reality a northern extension of the Koshkonong Settlement. It was also from four to eight years later in order of formation.
The third group of townships consisted of Primrose, Perry, Springdale, Blue Mounds, and that part of Verona Township which lay east of Blue Mound Creek.
History
The genesis of the settlement of Koshkonong Prairie in Dane County, Wisconsin, dates from spring and summer 1840. Those who located there that year were Gunnul Olson Vindeg, Björn Anderson Kvelve (Rasmus B. Anderson's father), Amund Anderson Hornefjeld, Thorstein Olson Bjaadland (one of the sloopers), Lars Olson Dugstad, Nels Siverson Gilderhus, Nels Larson Bolstad and Anders Finno. Nels Siverson Gilderhus, Nels Larson Bolstad and a third person, who did not settle there, visited the towns of Christiana and Deerfield somewhat late in the fall of 1839. A few "first settlers" preceded the Norwegians.
In Albion, the Norwegians were the earliest settlers, for some of them came as early as the spring of 1841. The first pioneer settler in the town of Christiana was William M. Mayhew who came in 1837, and located on section twenty-eight. The next arrivals were Norwegians. The first settler in Pleasant Spring seems to have been Abel Rasdall, who located his cabin on the eastern shore of Lake Kegonsa, about south of the inlet; the year of his arrival, however, may or may not have preceded Knut H. Roe. In Deerfield, the first settlement was made by Norwegians in 1840.
| 2.1875
| 0
|
77384262
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20der%20Leyen%20Commission%20II
|
Von der Leyen Commission II
|
Commissioner candidates
On 25 July 2024, President-elect Ursula von der Leyen sent the letters to member states asking them to officially nominate candidates for the post of European Commissioner before 30 August 2024. As she did with her first commission, von der Leyen called for member states to each nominate two candidates for the European Commission, a woman and a man. However, Bulgaria is the only country to have followed Von der Leyen's request. All the other leaders of EU member states have each nominated only one candidate, and most of them are men. Romania originally put forward socialist MEP Victor Negrescu but later put forward MEP Roxana Mînzatu, switching a male nominee for a female nominee.
On 17 September 2024, Ursula von der Leyen announced in a press conference the college of commissioners and their portfolios. The share of women in the proposed commission is 40.7%, down from 44.4 percent in 2019. The average age of the new Commission nominees is 52, dropping from 56 in 2019. In terms of structure, there are six Executive Vice-Presidents, down from 7 (with 3 executive vice-presidents) in 2019. The proposed College includes five returning commissioners: three of them are for a second mandate (Šuica, Várhelyi, Hoekstra), while Dombrovskis would return for a third term, and Šefčovič for a fourth term. The portfolio repartition reflects the declared priorities, with a strong focus on competitiveness, industrial policy and defence.
On 19 September 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted, by common accord with the President-elect of the Commission, the list of persons whom it proposes for appointment as members of the Commission to the European Parliament.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
77384466
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano%20%281985%20video%20game%29
|
Volcano (1985 video game)
|
Players start with five lives. The food meter decreases rapidly, and players must collect scarce food resources to stay alive. Losing all food or wandering into swamps results in the loss of a life. Players must collect other useful objects such as dynamite and ropes, which appear randomly throughout the game. The volcano continues to erupt during gameplay, progressively blocking town streets with debris. Dynamite is used to remove boulders that randomly block streets. The game features a single skill level and incorporates random elements, except for the first three screens. Movement controls differ between the two game sections: the above-ground game allows four-way movement, while in the underground section, players can rotate the view left and right and move forward.
The player's score is based on time. The game ends when the player either finds the escape boat or runs out of resources as all paths become blocked.
Reception
Volcano received mixed to negative reviews from contemporary gaming publications. Reviewers generally criticized the game's graphics, playability, and overall appeal.
Several reviewers commented on the game's visual aspects. Computer and Video Games described the graphics as "crude", while Crash noted that they were simple but served their purpose. Home Computing Weekly praised the 3D graphics as "rather fine", particularly in the underground passages, though Personal Computer Games reviewers found them mediocre overall. The use of color was considered average by Crash.
Gameplay was a point of contention among reviewers. Crash described Volcano as a mixture of adventure and strategy that was quite playable but became repetitive, especially in the underground levels. Multiple reviewers expressed frustration with the game, citing issues such as the inability to escape from underground mazes, the rapid appearance of lava blobs, and the limited time to see the underground map. Personal Computer Games reviewers found the game to be slow, amateurish, and lacking in playability.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
77384765
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Pacsai
|
Stephen Pacsai
|
Pacsai was an influential landowner in Zala County. He was a member of the local judicial court on several occasions, for instance in 1357, together with his relative Pető, son of Mark Pacsai. He acted as an officialis (bailiff) in Ászár on behalf of the king during a land agreement in 1358. In the same year, Palatine Nicholas Kont held a palatinal general assembly () for Zala County near Mándhida. There, a certain Lawrence Boksai and his paternal cousin John filed a lawsuit against Pacsai, claiming that the village Pacsa belongs to them. They cited a charter of Duke Stephen from the year 1260 as a proof, which contained that their ancestors, the castle warriors of Zala Castle (including Jonas and Vydus) were ennobled and granted the land Pacsa for their faithful military services by the duke. In contrast, Pacsai presented four documents to prove his right of ownership over the estate (the aforementioned acts from 1283 (two), 1291 and 1326).
Hungarian historiography declared the aforementioned 1260 charter as non-authentic, based on chronological contradictions with other contemporary documents in the text. However, the palatinal assembly failed to recognize the Boksais' document forgery. Nevertheless, Nicholas Kont ruled in favor of Stephen Pacsai, arguing that the late Duke Stephen had no right to grant land and nobility without the consent of the king (his father and future rival Béla IV of Hungary). With this argument, Kont neglected the fact that the dukes of the Árpád dynasty administered their territorial provinces with royal sovereignty. In addition, the plaintiffs could not prove that this donation would have received royal confirmation at any time later, while the defendant (Stephen Pacsai) proved his family's uninterrupted possession of Pacsa in the past decades.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
77384826
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzmeisterhaus%20Salzburg
|
Tanzmeisterhaus Salzburg
|
The Tanzmeisterhaus (Dancing Master's House or Dance Master's House), also known as the Mozart-Wohnhaus (Mozart House or Mozart Residence), was the Salzburg home of Leopold Mozart and his family from 1773 to 1787. It was the home of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between the ages of 17 and 25.
The building is now a museum, located at Makartplatz 8, and is under the protection of the Austrian Federal Monuments Office.
History
The building was first mentioned in documents in 1617.
On 3 August 1711, the court dancing master Johann Lorenz Spöckner received permission by decree to hold dance lessons for nobles, in preparation for their life at court, in a house on Hannibalplatz, today named Makartplatz. In the Seelenbeschreibung (census) of 1713, the house was already referred to as the Dance Master's House. His son (1706–1767) bought the house from his mother in 1739 and succeeded his father as court dancing master. On 21 November 1747, he was the best man for Leopold Mozart at his wedding to Anna Maria Pertl.
The house on Getreidegasse, where Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his siblings had been born, became too small for Leopold and Anna Maria's family to live, or to host social gatherings. In 1773, six years after the death of Franz Gottlieb Spöckner, the Mozart family moved into a spacious, 8-room apartment in the Tanzmeisterhaus, including a large hall which had been used by the dancing master for lessons. This the Mozarts used for teaching, for domestic concerts, for storing keyboard instruments sold by Leopold, and for Bölzlschiessen, a form of recreation in which the family and their guests shot airguns at humorously designed paper targets.
Wolfgang lived at the house until he moved to Vienna in 1781. His mother died in 1778 and sister Nannerl got married in 1784. Leopold at first lived alone with his servants in the apartment, and from 1785 until his death in 1787, with his grandson Leopold Alois Pantaleon, who had been entrusted to his care by the infant's mother, Nannerl.
| 2.34375
| 0
|
77385676
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno-L%C3%AD%C5%A1e%C5%88
|
Brno-Líšeň
|
Education
There are 7 elementary schools in Líšeň on Horníkova, Holzova, Pohankova streets (detached workplace of the school on Holzová street), Masarova, Novolíšeňská and private Křesťanská Elementary School and Jan Hus Kindergarten also on Masarová street and Akademia elementary school on Rašelinová street. There are three secondary schools here: Akademia Gymnasium on Rašelinové street, Secondary School and SOU Engineering and Electrical Engineering on Trnkova street and an Evangelical Academy on Šimáčková street. Trnkova street is also home to Antonín Doležal Elementary Art School.
Transport
Lišeň is connected to the rest of the city by two four-lane roads; road II/373 Brno – Ochoz u Brna runs along its northern edge. In the south, it is connected to the Olomouc radial highway.
From 1905, a local railway from Černovice led to Líšeň. In 1942, due to the connection with Brno, it was taken over by the Brno Public Transport Companies, the line was electrified and double-tracked, but in 1964 it was shortened only to Stránská skála and the section to Líšeň was abandoned. Today there is a public transport museum in the area of the former railway station.
| 2.09375
| 0
|
77385869
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1553%20succession%20crisis
|
1553 succession crisis
|
Background
Henry VIII, who ruled England from 1509 to 1547, had three children: Mary, who was raised Catholic, and Elizabeth and Edward, who were raised Protestant. Henry VIII rewrote the Act of Succession three times — in 1533, 1534, and 1543. The final Act of Succession stipulated that Henry's heir was Edward, followed by Mary, then Elizabeth, and finally the descendants of the Tudor side branches of the Grey and Clifford families. Upon Henry's death, the nine-year-old Edward became king, with Mary as his heir according to the 1543 succession law. Henry's will specified that a Regency Council of sixteen men would govern the country until Edward reached adulthood, expected to be in 1555. However, the king's will was violated from the beginning. Instead of the council, real power was seized by individual regents: Edward Seymour from 1547 to 1549 and John Dudley from 1549 to 1553.
With the approval of the teenage king, the two regents and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, actively reformed the Anglican church, abolishing the Roman Rite. Mary, on the other hand, clung to Catholicism and openly protested the reform. Mary got along well with the regime of her long-time comrade Seymour, but she feared his successor, John Dudley, as she had once feared her father, and openly despised him. Dudley was willing to compromise, but to Mary any concession on matters of faith was unacceptable. In the spring of 1550, the rebellious princess decided to flee the country. Her cousin and spiritual advisor Charles V sent an armed squadron to help her, but at the last moment Mary changed her mind and remained in England. Edward did not dare to persecute his sister, limiting himself to reprisals against her advisors.
| 2.890625
| 0
|
77385869
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1553%20succession%20crisis
|
1553 succession crisis
|
The King's Illness (February-June 1553)
On February 6, 1553, Edward fell ill. After two weeks of bed rest, he appeared in public on February 21, though he was still not fully recovered. His condition was not initially alarming, as he was considered a robust and healthy teenager. Government operations continued as usual. On March 1, Parliament met in London to discuss arrangements for an extraordinary tax. Edward visited Parliament on March 31 to extend its session. After a brief public appearance on April 11, Edward retired to a country palace in Greenwich. The precise course of his illness in April 1553 is not well-documented. It is likely that he felt some relief later in the month, but by May 7, he was too weak to receive the French ambassador. On May 12, doctors diagnosed Edward with a “suppurative tumor of the lung”. Despite rumors circulating in London, aristocrats and diplomats did not perceive the situation as critical. According to ambassadors who visited the king on May 17, there was no immediate threat to his life.
| 2.609375
| 0
|
77385869
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1553%20succession%20crisis
|
1553 succession crisis
|
Mary's party consisted of a core of committed Catholics and many fellow travelers who joined the rebellion for a variety of motives. Mary made full use of the underground network of like-minded Catholics, but she also needed the support of Protestants and therefore refrained from religious rhetoric for the time being. Paradoxically, the rebellion was supported not only by individual Protestants but also by entire Protestant communities, such as the urban community of Coventry. Suffolk peasants were brought into Mary's camp by their hatred of Dudley for his brutal defeat of Robert Kett's rebellion. The lord-lieutenant of Norfolk, Henry Radcliffe, Earl of Sussex, was forced to defect to Mary's side and led her army after the rebels took his son hostage. The Lord Viceroy of Suffolk, Thomas Wentworth, supported Jane Grey on July 11 but moved with his troops to Mary's side on July 14, probably out of self-preservation as his home was only twenty miles from the rebel camp. Thomas Cornwallis, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and Richard Southwell, one of the authors of the "Declaration", did the same. The reluctant John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, was persuaded by his own servants, who were prepared to go to Mary with or without their master. Osbert Montfort, a merchant from King's Lynn, sided with Mary and secured the arrest of rivals who supported Jane Grey. Protestant adventurers Peter Carew and Nicholas Throckmorton voluntarily campaigned for Mary — and six months later participated in a rebellion against her.
| 2.734375
| 0
|
77385869
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1553%20succession%20crisis
|
1553 succession crisis
|
Robert Dudley's actions (July 7-18, 1553)
On July 7, John Dudley sent his son Robert with a force of three hundred men to arrest Mary. Robert Dudley, like his father, was unaware of Mary's plans and actions, and went first to Hunsdon. Then, following her route, on July 9 or 10, Robert Dudley reached the vicinity of Kenninghall. At this time, Mary's force amounted to no more than six hundred men, among whom there was no single commander and not a sufficient number of officers. Robert did not attack them but withdrew fifty miles to the northwest, to the Fen moors, and occupied the town of Wisbech. In the following days, Robert Dudley subdued the whole coast of Wash Bay. On July 16, he swore in Jane Grey at Thetford, and on July 18, at King's Lynn.
Eric Ives has suggested that throughout the campaign, Robert Dudley acted on his father's instructions rather than on his own initiative. The Dudley clan's control of the Fen moors effectively blocked Mary's route into the Midlands and prevented reinforcements from reaching her from the north and west. It is likely that if John Dudley had sent several such blocking units, Mary would not have been able to mobilize enough forces and the outcome of the confrontation would have been different; Robert Dudley's single, albeit effective, action could not prevent the rebels from concentrating.
Another Dudley, a distant relative of Regent Henry, was sent to France to seek support from Henry Valois. On July 18, Henry Dudley met with the King of France and secured an unofficial pledge of support from him; events in England were not affected by these negotiations. After the defeat of the Dudley clan, their enemies claimed that John Dudley was willing to surrender Calais and Ireland to the French in return for political support, but according to David Loades, this accusation was unsubstantiated.
Maritime Events (July 10-17, 1553)
| 2.390625
| 0
|
77386120
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darley%20Mill
|
Darley Mill
|
Darley Mill is a historic building in Darley, North Yorkshire, a village in England.
There has been a watermill on the site since the 17th century, but the current building dates from around 1800. The breastshot waterwheel dates from 1874. The building operated as a corn mill until the 1960s. In the 1980s, it was converted into a restaurant and shop, which was later taken over by the Yorkshire Linen Company. In 2016, the company closed, and the property was disused for several years. In 2018, planning permission was granted for its conversion into 13 houses, but this did no go ahead. Instead, in 2022, it was converted into nine houses, with 11 more constructed in the grounds.
A mill consists of a range of buildings in gritstone with stone slate roofs. They comprise an engine house with two storeys and four bays, the mill building with three storeys, six bays, a projecting two-storey porch and a loading bay wing with two round arches, and a barn and byres of five bays. At the rear is a large waterwheel, and a truncated chimney with a square base and a moulded base to a circular shaft about high. Inside, there are cast iron columns and crossbeams, and there are unusual king post and queen post roofs. Some of the machinery survives, on the ground and first floors. The building has been grade II listed since 1987.
| 1.929688
| 0
|
77386412
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORP%20Smok
|
ORP Smok
|
During its civilian service, the tugboat had a crew of 30 people, whereas in the navy, at various times, the crew consisted of 2 officers and from 26 to 28 non-commissioned officers and sailors. The ship's equipment included a rescue pump with a capacity of 350 t/h, a radio station, and a derrick with rollers for lifting floats and anchors. For transport and rescue purposes, ORP Smok was equipped with a motorboat, which was later replaced with a six-oared onboard boat. For anti-aircraft defense, the ship was armed with two MG 08 machine guns of 7.92 mm caliber mounted on naval bases on the superstructure. Additionally, two 37 mm caliber guns were positioned lower.
Service in France and Belgium
Since 1922, the tugboat sailed under the name Le Boxeur in the French merchant navy, stationed in Bordeaux. In 1926, it was sold to the private company Ateliers & Chantiers Martimes du Sud Ouest from Bordeaux. In 1929, the vessel was purchased by the French company Enterprise Generale de Travaux Martimes, also from Bordeaux. A year later, the vessel was acquired by the Belgian company Remorquage Letzer Ltd. and was renamed Leopold. Its home port became Antwerp. In 1932, the vessel was put up for sale and subsequently purchased by the Polish Navy on 12 October 1932.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
77386627
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal%20mines%20and%20saltworks%20of%20Gouhenans
|
Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans
|
In December 1989, the BRGM observed an increase in pollution in the vicinity of the site, leading to the conclusion that the deposit was not watertight. Subsequently, the deposit was covered with an anti-punching geotextile, an HDPE geomembrane, a 10 cm layer of sand, an anti-contaminant geotextile, a 0.8 to 1-meter layer of marl, and a top layer of turf. The entire structure was encased in a concrete foundation with a depth of 50 centimeters. However, no insulation was provided for the base of the pits. These works were carried out by the Bachy company in the early 1990s. Monitoring was conducted every six months. Groundwater pollution was detected in 1998, and piezometers were installed in 2000 to improve monitoring. No external pollution was detected throughout the following decade until another increase in lindane levels was observed in June 2010, before returning to normal levels in the subsequent months and years.
Heritage
At the beginning of the 21st century, the site was extensively overgrown with vegetation. Only a few remnants of the former buildings remain, some in ruins and others repurposed. The sole remaining tall square chimney stands as a testament to the site's industrial past. In 2003, the initiated a study of a hiking trail project to showcase the region's industrial heritage, particularly its saltworks and coal mines. The route, titled "The Way of Salt and Coal", is funded 25% by the and 40% by the European Union. It was inaugurated on 25 June 2009, by the sub-prefect and a hundred people. Subsequently, on 11 March 2010, the saltworks were registered in the general inventory of cultural heritage.
Coal mines
| 2.828125
| 0
|
77386678
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20Run%20Settlement
|
Rock Run Settlement
|
Rock Run Settlement was a pioneer settlement in Illinois established in 1839 by Norwegian-Americans. It was named after the town of Rock Run.
Geography
The settlement straddled Stephenson County and Winnebago County. The locality was prairie, relieved in parts by timberland.
History
The foundation of this settlement was accredited to an immigrant from Numedal, who came on the Amelia, in 1839. His name was Clemet Torstenson Stabæk, and he came from Rollaug Parish. With him three others located there in the fall of 1839, namely, Syvert Tollefson and Ole Anderson, from Numedal, and a Mr. Knudson, from Drammen. Stabæk was a man of considerable means. He selected land in Winnebago County, Illinois near Davis, Illinois. His son, Torsten K. O. Stabæk (born in Norway) married Torgen Patterson, and they lived on the farm until 1884, when they moved to Davis. Kristopher Rostad and wife, Kristi, seem also to have moved to Rock Run before the close of 1839. In the following summer came Gunnul Stordok. Stordok lived in Rock Run until 1870; he then moved back to Newark, Wisconsin, where the rest of his relatives who had come to the U.S. had settled. Gunnul Stordok was born in Rollaug, Numedal, in the year 1800; he married Mary Larson (of Rollaug) before emigrating.
Among the earliest arrivals in the settlement subsequently was Halvor Aasen, born in Numedal in 1823, and who came to the U.S. in 1841. For two years after coming to this country, he worked in the lead mines at Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and at Galena, Illinois. In 1843, he married Christie Olson, and bought a farm in Laona Township, Winnebago County, where he and his wife moved in 1844. Here they lived until their death. She died in 1902, and he in March, 1905.
| 1.976563
| 0
|
77386754
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillic%20acid
|
Lactobacillic acid
|
Lactobacillic acid is found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is found in strictly aerobic, microaerophilic, facultative and strictly anaerobic genera. genera. Although the fatty acid is widely distributed in bacteria, it is not found in all genera. Bacteria that do not have unsaturated fatty acids in their membrane lipids do not have lactobacillic acid. This applies in particular to thermophilic bacteria and archaea. However, the fatty acid is found rather rarely in eukaryotic organisms. It is contained, for example, in rapeseed oil, which contains little erucic acid (so-called LEAR varieties).
Occurrence of other cyclopropane fatty acids
The biosynthesis and occurrence of lactobacillic acid is closely linked to dihydrosterculic acid (compare sterculic acid), which is also a saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula C19H36O2, which contains a cyclopropane ring. Here, however, the ring is located at positions 9 and 10 of the carbon chain, which is why it is also referred to as cis-9,10-methylenoctadecanoic acid. Dihydrosterculic acid is also found in the lipids of many bacterial genera, but has also been found in eukaryotes, for example in protozoa from the Trypanosomatida group, here in the genera Crithidia, Leishmania, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas and Phytomonas. According to a study published in 2014, lactobacillic acid and dihydrosterculic acid are also found in cow's milk in very small quantities (< 0.1% of total fatty acids), but not in the milk of goats or sheep.
Extraction and presentation
Extraction
Lactobacillic acid can be isolated from the lipids of bacteria, as used by the working group during the discovery. First, hydrolysis (saponification) of the phospholipids or triglycerides is carried out, releasing the fatty acid bound as an ester. Since other fatty acids are present in addition to lactobacillic acid, separation is then carried out using urea extraction crystallization or column chromatography. The fractional crystallization process can also be used.
| 2.375
| 0
|
77386805
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakaerat%20Biosphere%20Reserve
|
Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve
|
Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve () is a biosphere reserve in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Located west of Khao Yai National Park and south of Nakhon Ratchasima city center, the reserve is composed primarily of dry evergreen forests, mixed deciduous forests, dry dipterocarp forests, and reforested areas. This reserve has been listed as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, nominated in 1976. The reserve's area is hectares (823.15 km2), with over 380 floral species, 486 wildlife species, and 533 species of invertebrates.
Sakaerat Environmental Research Station
The Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (SERS) () was established by the Thai government on 19 September 1967. The station is administered by the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research.
Herpetology research
Sakaerat is a prominent location for herpetology research, held in conjunction with Suranaree University of Technology (SUT). The School of Biology of SUT's Institute of Science established a tropical snake study program in 2010.
Sakaerat Conservation and Snake Education Team (SCSET)
Target species include the Burmese python, king cobra, Malayan krait, and green cat snake.
Sakaerat Najas Project
Target species include the Indochinese spitting cobra and monocled cobra.
Sakaerat Tortoise Telemetry Project
Target species include the elongated tortoise.
| 2.6875
| 0
|
77386827
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystical%20Geography%20of%20Quebec
|
The Mystical Geography of Quebec
|
The Mystical Geography of Quebec: Catholic Schisms and New Religious Movements is an edited volume edited by Susan J. Palmer, Martin Geoffroy, and Paul L. Gareau, discussing religious history and new religious movements in Quebec. The book covers nine groups, including the Temple of Priapus, the Army of Mary, the Order of the Solar Temple, and the Ant Hill Kids. It was published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2020.
It argues that the context of Quebec's history provides a particularly good environment for new religious movements, and specific chapters analyze the history of the individual group's in Quebec context. It received a generally positive reception, with praise for its contribution to the field and for bridging a barrier between French and English language scholarship.
Background
The Susan J. Palmer is an academic and author of several books about new religious movements, while Martin Geoffroy and Paul L. Gareau are specialists in Catholic groups. Several of Palmer's students authored chapters in the book.
Contents
The book contains contributions from writers Susan J. Palmer, Martin Geoffroy, Dominic Dagenais, Paul L. Gareau, Dell J. Rose, Steven Tomlins, J. Gordon Melton, Donald L. Boisvert, Marie-Ève Melanson, Shannon Clusel, and Andrew Ames. The book covers nine groups in 11 chapters. Following an introduction (written by Palmer) and a literature review, the book's contents are divided into three parts; "Catholic Fundamentalisms and Schisms", covering Catholic schisms and their intersection with the history of Quebec, "Radical Sexuality", and "Controversial New Religions", which covers several new religious movements that have spawned controversy in the province.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
77386863
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Stefani
|
Jan Stefani
|
Jan Stefani (c. 1746-1829) was a Polish composer and violinist.
Life
Stefani was born in Prague, and probably studied music there before moving to Italy. Around 1765, he was employed by Franz Joseph, Count Kinsky as a military bandmaster. Also, he would become a violinist at the court of Joseph II.
In Vienna, Prince Andrzej Poniatowski offered him a position in the Polish Royal Court. Stefani accepted, and in 1779 went to Warsaw with a group of musicians. He joined King Stanisław II August's nine-person band, which developed into a court orchestra. In 1795, the Third Partition of Poland caused this orchestra to disband.
For the next four years, Stefani wrote music for St. John's Archcathedral. After Wojciech Bogusławski became director of the National Theatre in 1799, Stefani played with the first violins. He kept this position until 1818.
Stefani died on 23rd February 1829. He is buried in the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.
Works
Stefani is renowned for one work, the singspiel Cud mniemany, czyli Krakowiacy i Górale (The Supposed Miracle, or Cracovians and Highlanders), composed in 1794 with a libretto by Bogusławski. The opera is set in Kraków, where the two lovers Stach and Basia, who are prevented from marrying by Basia's stepmother, Dorota. Stach and Basia seek help from Bardos, a physics student, whose initial solution was to use electricity. However, Bardos' growing care for the villagers causes him to abandon the plan.
Other than that, he composed:
9 other operas
ballets, overtures, and other theatrical music
cantatas
masses and offertories (for St. John's Archcathedral)
salon music
| 2.34375
| 0
|
77386897
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frutiger%20Aero
|
Frutiger Aero
|
Frutiger Aero (), sometimes known as Web 2.0 Gloss, is a retrospective name applied to a design trend observed mainly in user interfaces and Internet aesthetics from the mid-2000s to the early 2010s. It succeeded the Y2K aesthetic, which was popular from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. The term Frutiger Aero is derived from Windows Aero, which exemplifies the style; and Adrian Frutiger, a Swiss typeface designer who was responsible for many of the humanist typefaces that were often used in older computing interfaces.
The style is characterized by its heavy use of shiny and glossy skeuomorphic features along with computer-generated images of nature, air and water shown alongside modern technology. The design style was popular in the 2000s because its skeuomorphic nature was intended to make it more accessible to consumers, but was displaced during the 2010s by a shift toward minimalism in user interface designs.
Characteristics
Frutiger Aero typically features bright colors, skeuomorphism, glossy textures, and bokeh photography. Common design motifs include blue skies, grass, water, shiny globules, and tropical fish. The design philosophy of Frutiger Aero has been described as "retro-futuristic" and representing a time of "technological optimism", and the aesthetic itself has been called "playful" and "maximalist". In a February 2023 Dazed article, Amanda Brennan, the former Head of Editorial at Tumblr, said that "there's a lot of hopefulness in this aesthetic that Y2K doesn't have".
History
The term "Frutiger Aero" was coined in 2017 by Sofi Lee of the Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute, an online community dedicated to developing terminology to describe consumer ephemera from the 1970s onwards. Lee retrospectively devised the term to refer to skeuomorphic tendencies in design prevalent roughly from 2004 or 2005 to 2013.
| 2.125
| 0
|
77386964
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Khannour
|
Battle of Khannour
|
Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan ascended to power in Abu Dhabi in 1855, while Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani became the ruler of Qatar in 1878. Both leaders sought to consolidate their power and expand their influence in the region. Qatar, under Jassim, had aligned itself with the Ottoman Empire, while Abu Dhabi maintained closer ties with Britain, creating a backdrop of conflicting imperial interests.
Throughout the 1880s, tensions were escalated through a series of raids and counter-raids between the two emirates. The first conflicts between the two occurred in 1881, during the battles of Baynunah, Suwaihan and Al-Marsaf. In 1887, Jassim bin Mohammed, accompanied by Ottoman troops, led an expedition into Khor Al Adaid in southern Qatar to assert his claim over the territory, which was disputed with Zayed bin Khalifa. This action elicited strong British diplomatic protests to the Ottoman Porte, with the British Political Resident, Edward Ross, going so far as to threaten military intervention.
Hostilities intensified markedly in 1888. Early in the year, a member of the Manasir tribe, nominally under Abu Dhabi's suzerainty, absconded with several camels and sought asylum in Qatar. This act of defection prompted Zayed to dispatch an envoy, Mohammed Saif Al Mazrouei, to Qatar to negotiate the return of the fugitive. Upon Jassim's refusal, Zayed ordered punitive raids against Qatar. In February 1888, approximately 400 men of the Al Bu Shaar branch of the Manasir mounted on 200 camels arrived at Nuaija, an area of Doha which held the town's main well. During their raid, they captured 40 slaves, while another raid outside the confines of Al Bidda saw the capture of a few more slaves. Jassim's forces attempted to apprehend the Manasir but to no avail.
| 2.78125
| 0
|
77387291
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annong%20River
|
Annong River
|
Annong River (Traditional Chinese: 安農溪), originally named Dianhuo River, is a river in Taiwan located in Sanxing Township, Yilan County, approximately 3 kilometers from the downtown area of Luodong Township. It is one of the tributaries of the Luodong River in the Lanyang River system and serves as the drainage channel for the tailwater of the Lanyang Power Plant. The river is about 17.2 kilometers long, with a watershed area of approximately 55.9 square kilometers. It flows through the prime areas of Sanxing Township, providing essential water for agricultural irrigation in Sanxing Township and downstream towns. It is regarded as the "River of Life" of Sanxing Township due to its abundant water resources, which also make it suitable for rafting activities. Currently, the Annong River is managed by the First River Management Office of the Water Resources Agency under the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It is the most important and water-rich river in Sanxing Township, serving purposes of hydropower generation, irrigation, and tourism and recreation
| 2.21875
| 0
|
77388049
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20Elkind
|
Marvin Elkind
|
Elkind was first arrested by Detective Eddie "the Chinaman" Tong (who despite his nickname was a British immigrant to Canada) of the Toronto Police Service on charges of theft as Tong knew that Elkind was working for the Pasquale brothers. Tong released him after his arrest out of the hope that he would lead him back to the brothers Pasquale. Tong was a local legend in Toronto as an incorruptible policeman who had walked the beat since 1929 and who stood out on the account of his fedora and trench coat which made him seem like a character out of a Hollywood film. Tong arrested the Pasquale brothers along with Elkind and several others breaking into a grocery store. Justice Harold Waisberg convicted Elkind of theft and sentenced him to serve his sentence at the Bowmanville reform school until the age of 16. During his sentence at Bowmanville school, which began in May 1945, Elkind took up boxing as his principal hobby. Discipline was enforced at Bowmanville via fearsome floggings and Elkind was flogged 175 times. He was raped with a baton by a guard, which caused him to suffer from anal bleeding problems for the rest of his life. Upon his release in 1950, Elkind resumed his criminal career working for Roy Pasquale. In 1950, he also started to work as a professional boxer, winning his first fight at the Palace Pier via knockout. Elkind was to suffer brain damage later in life because of his career in boxing. In March 1952, he moved to New York City to continue his boxing career. He took a fierce pride in his Jewish heritage as he resented the attempt to impose an Italian Catholic identity on him, and as a boxer he always carried a towel with the Star of David on it. Elkind was an unsuccessful boxer, but he obtained a job as a busboy at the Copacabana nightclub where the most famous musical and comedy acts in America such as Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, Sammy Davis Jr. and Harry Belafonte played. The Copacabana nightclub was frequented by gangsters such as Frankie Carbo and Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno
| 1.929688
| 0
|
77388128
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval%20Government%20of%20Guam
|
Naval Government of Guam
|
The Naval Government of Guam was a provisional military government and later unincorporated, unorganized territory of the United States that was established during the Spanish–American War in 1898. It was under the administration of the United States Department of the Navy until the territory of Guam was organized in 1950.
History
On June 21, 1898, the United States captured Guam in a bloodless landing during the Spanish–American War. The island was ceded to the United States by Spain on April 11, 1899, by the Treaty of Paris.
On December 23, 1898, Guam was placed under the administration of the United States Department of the Navy by President William McKinley for military protection and government. Between the American capture of Guam and installation of a Naval Governor in August 1899, there was a flux in governance of the island.
In 1922, the Naval Government banned the Chamorro language in schools and workplaces and destroyed all Chamorro dictionaries.
Between 1941 and 1944, the island was under occupation by Imperial Japanese forces during World War II.
In 1946, the seal of Guam was approved by Naval Governor Charles Alan Pownall. Later on February 9, 1948, the current flag of the territory was adopted.
On August 1, 1950, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 was signed into law by President Harry S. Truman, making Guam an organized territory.
| 2.8125
| 0
|
71453320
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug%20offensive
|
Vistula–Bug offensive
|
During July 26, the 13th Army tried to turn the tide of the struggle on the outskirts of the Bug west of Volodymyr-Volynskyi. The onslaught of the Central Powers's troops continued on July 27–28, but was almost everywhere repulsed, only the 2nd and 5th Caucasian corps were pushed back.
On the front of the 3rd Army continued. By the evening of July 26, the 6th Austro-Hungarian and Beskid German corps pushed back the 3rd Caucasian and 14th Army Corps. Attempts to counterattack until the morning of July 27 led to an advance of 600 steps towards the enemy, well entrenched in the captured positions. In two days, 2,000 Russian and 427 German soldiers were taken prisoner. The situation escalated in the sector of the 8th Army of the Southwestern Front. The 2nd Austro-Hungarian army of the cavalry general E. von Böhm-Ermolli went on the offensive on July 25 and crossed the Bug the next day. Having received the 4th Finnish Rifle Division from the reserve. A. Brusilov organized counterattacks with the forces of the 8th, 12th, 17th and 28th army corps. During July 26–28, it was possible to localize the advance of the Austro-Hungarians. However, the heavy losses suffered in the battles affected the combat capabilities of the 8th Army: it was not possible to liquidate the enemy bridgeheads on the Bug River.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
71453703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocarya%20anamalayana
|
Cryptocarya anamalayana
|
Cryptocarya anamalayana is a rare rainforest tree endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The specific epithet of the name refers to the Anamalai Hills, a major area of its distribution. The species considered endangered under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Description
Small, rare evergreen trees up to 8 metres tall with greyish-brown, smooth bark and characteristic fulvous tomentose branchlets, young shoots, and leaves. The thick, coriaceous leaves are simple, alternate, and spirally arranged on the branchlets, with petioles about 1.2 cm long and a leaf blade of 8.5-20 cm length by 3.5-9 cm width. The leaf shape is elliptic-oblong and it has a sharp acuminate apex, while the base is acute or rounded. The leaves are pale glaucous beneath. The nerves are fulvous tomentose on both sides of the leaves and the midrib is raised. About 8 pairs of secondary nerves are there in each leaf and the tertiary nerves are distinct and obliquely parallel. The flowers are bisexual, arranged in short cymose panicles (also fulvous tomentose) up to 3 cm long, with prominent oblong bracts and bracteoles that are apparently persistent. The flowers have 9 stamens in 3 rows, with 2-celled anthers. The ovary is sessile, half inferior with a short, exserted style. The fruit is a drupe, with a single seed. The fruit is oblong and has 10-12 ridges along its length (2.5-4.0 cm long × 0.8–1.3 cm wide) and is obtuse at its ends, sparsely hairy, light to bright green when young and glossy black when ripe.
Distribution
Endemic to the southern ranges of the Western Ghats from the Agasthyamalai region in the south, through Periyar and Anamalai.
Habitat
Found in medium-elevation tropical wet evergreen forests between 1000 and 1400 m. It is reported to be very rare in evergreen and wet evergreen forests on hill slopes between 600 and 1200 m in four disjunct locations along the southern Western Ghats.
| 2.3125
| 0
|
71453974
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Walter%20Hay
|
William Walter Hay
|
William Walter Hay (1908–1998) was an American civil engineer and professor remembered with the annual American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA) Hay Award recognizing outstanding achievements in railway engineering.
Early years
William W. Hay was born in Bay City, Michigan, and completed a Bachelor of Science degree in management engineering at Carnegie Mellon University in 1931. After working briefly for the Pennsylvania Railroad, he undertook advanced coursework in railway operations at Yale University before returning to the Pennsylvania Railroad and later the Long Island Rail Road and Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant colonel with the United States Army Military Railway Service in both the European and Pacific theaters during World War II.
University of Illinois
After working briefly for the Reading Railroad after the war, he joined the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty in 1947 and completed a Master of Science in Civil engineering in 1948. His Railroad Engineering textbook was published by John Wiley & Son in 1953. He was the Professor of Railway Civil Engineering from completion of his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1956 until he retired in 1977. He continued teaching as an emeritus professor until 1989.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
71453991
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian%20Guard%20Legion
|
Peruvian Guard Legion
|
The Peruvian Guard Legion () is a traditional military unit of Peru. It has participated in several conflicts since the country's independence and the unit's formation by José de San Martín in 1821. Its headquarters are located in the Real Felipe Fortress located in Callao.
History
The unit was established by José de San Martín with a decree published on August 18, 1821. It was the first military unit of the new self-proclaimed Peruvian state, and thus, the origin of the Peruvian Army. Its purpose was to uphold the independence proclaimed against the Viceroyalty of Peru, with its first commander being José Bernardo de Tagle. Englishman Guillermo Miller was responsible for organizing the unit and also served as a commander.
The unit participated in the Peruvian War of Independence, including the decisive battles of Junín and Ayacucho, where it fought under the United Liberating Army of Peru. Later on it would see action in the War of the Confederation, the Chincha Islands War and the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War. The unit is currently part of the 2nd Army Division of the Peruvian Army.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
71455200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Het%20Wapen%20van%20Amsterdam
|
Het Wapen van Amsterdam
|
Het Wapen van Amsterdam was a Dutch merchant vessel that stranded in Skeiðarársandur, Iceland, on 19 September 1667. It is commonly known as Gullskipið (English: The Goldship) in Iceland due to beliefs that it was carrying a large amount of gold and diamonds. For the next few decades, several items from the ship and its cargo were salvaged despite difficulties to reach the wreck but it is not known if the salvagers managed to reach the main cargo hold. Several attempts were made to locate it in the 20th century, most notably during the 1980's, without success.
Wreck
Het Wapen van Amsterdam was part of a convoy coming from the island of Java in September 1667 with a cargo of gold, pearls, diamonds, silver, copper, silk, spices and other precious items. It had a crew of around 150–165 men and further 100–150 passengers or soldiers on board. It got caught in a storm and ran aground in the sands of Skeiðarársandur on 19 September 1667 while the other ships in the convoy were scattered before reaching Faroe Islands, except the ship Walcheren that perished. While most of the crew and passengers survived the wreck and made it to the beach, only 50–80 men made it off to safety.
| 2.0625
| 0
|
71455512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Glasgow%20Club
|
Old Glasgow Club
|
The Old Glasgow Club is a club that began in Glasgow in 1900. It was formed to preserve the history of the city.
Activities
The first meeting of the club took place on 17th December, 1900 in the Atheneum, Glasgow. It followed an advertisement having been placed in The Evening Citizen and Glasgow Herald asking for people to form a society to discuss and share information about the history of Glasgow. At the first meeting, Mr Charles Taylor read a paper on "The passing of Old Glasgow".
The constitution stated that the object of the club was "‘to form a centre of Glasgow gentlemen for the purpose of hearing papers, reminiscences and notes on Old Glasgow Life, and to record these for permanent preservation"
The club collected books and papers relating to Glasgow's past. A librarian was elected in 1903 to look after the collection, and a list of the books was published in the yearly transactions.
Many artefacts were donated by the club to the City of Glasgow. They form the nucleus of the collections of Glasgow Museums relating to the city of Glasgow.
Publications
The first annual edition of the Transactions was published in August 1904. The transactions consist of the records of the business of the club, summaries of papers given to the club, lists of membership, property inventories and reports from office bearers.
Notable members
Female members were first admitted in 1908.
Stephen Adam (stained glass designer)
Francis Thornton Barrett
William Bilsland
Dreda Boyd, first female member of the Old Glasgow Club
Agnes McLaren Lockhart, elected first lady president in 1933.
John Keppie
John Ord
William Smeal
| 2.625
| 0
|
71455569
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushman-Relics%20Protection%20Act%2C%201911
|
Bushman-Relics Protection Act, 1911
|
The Bushman-Relics Protection Act, 1911 was a South African Act to protect drawings, paintings, petrographs created by San people or other aboriginals obtained from graves, caves, rock-shelters and shell-mounds from being removed from the Republic without a permit being issued.
Content of the Act
The following is a brief description of the sections of the Bushman-Relics Protection Act, 1911:
Definitions and interpretation
Section 1
Defines the explanations of keywords in the Act as to what a Bushman-relic is and who is the Minister responsible.
Section 2
Defines that a Bushman-relic cannot be removed from the Republic without a written permit from the Minister, and what documents are needed to accompany the application for a permit.
Section 3
Defines the penalties if found guilty of an offence as a fine of a maximum of £50 or imprisonment of up to 3 months on failure to pay the fine.
Section 4
Defines the Governor-general's ability to make regulations to carry out the object of Act.
Section 5
Defines the name of the Act.
| 2.671875
| 0
|
71455748
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinoiserie%20in%20fashion
|
Chinoiserie in fashion
|
In fashion of the early 20th century, the dragon robes (and python robes) were at times cut and converted into Western-style attire, such as banyan and waistcoat; however, the direct alterations of Chinese garments for the use of Westerners are sometimes regarded as "imperialistic appropriation". Some of these adapted dragon robe clothing were possibly fabric rolls and/or clothing looted from the Old Summer Palace contrary to what museum donors sometimes wish explain about their origins. During the Opium wars, the use of Chinese dragons robes by Europeans in the late Victorian Europe were sometimes used to mock Chinese masculinity; for example, George Smith in the painting The Rightful Heir, exhibited in 1874 in the Royal Academy, would paint the villain found in the painting wearing a Chinese dragon robe tied with a belt around the waist with slippers on his feet. In similar instances, Liberty in 1898 offered evening capes which were advertised as being made of "Mandarin robes" (i.e. Qing dynasty court dress); however, these capes were actually made of Han Chinese women's traditional skirts. In 1981,
Blue and white porcelain
| 2.5625
| 0
|
71455876
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Lovell-Hewitt
|
Harry Lovell-Hewitt
|
Harry Lovell-Hewitt (born 25 January 1998 in Gloucester) is an English international judoka. He has represented England at the Commonwealth Games and won a bronze medal and is a three time British champion.
Biography
Raised in Stroud, Lovell-Hewitt attended Rodborough primary school and then later Archway secondary school, splitting his free time between training for judo and rugby. He was taught judo at a young age by his coach Richard Neale. He is the great-grandson of William Lovell-Hewitt, former minor counties cricket player and captain for Wiltshire. Harry also represented Team GB at the youth Olympic festival in Tbilisi in 2015 where he placed 7th. Following on from that in his U21 age category he managed to secure four junior medals, including Gold at the Danish Open, silver in both Portugal and Lithuania. He won Gold at the 2018 Italian European Cup. Lovell-Hewitt won silver and bronze medals at the European Open in 2019 and 2021. In 2023, he won 2 silver European open medals in Rome and Sofia and then went on to represent Great Britain at the 2023 World Judo Championships in Qatar.
In 2022, he was selected for the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham where he competed in the men's 100 kg, winning the bronze medal after defeating Australian representative in the -100 kg. He won the 2023 -100kg title at the British Judo Championships.
| 2.421875
| 0
|
71455995
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav%20Adolfs%20torg%2C%20Malm%C3%B6
|
Gustav Adolfs torg, Malmö
|
Today, many of Malmö's oldest and largest buildings can be found around the square. At the northern part is a row of white houses called "Rivieran" (the Riviera) and was designed with the French Neo-Renaissance look. In the southern part of the square is another well-known building called the "Valhalla Palace" and was built at the beginning of the 20th century. The palace was designed by Alfred Arwidius, a Malmö architect who was inspired by North American architecture. One of Malmö's foremost modernist buildings is the so-called "Trygghuset", designed by Erik Lallerstedt in 1938. Just in front of the Trygghuset there is a planting with young trees. The place is called Kungalunden (The King's grove) and was a present to King Carl XVI Gustaf on his 50th birthday.
The 1992 UEFA European Football Championship was hosted by Sweden, and some of it by Malmö. Riots occurred, also in Gustav Adolfs torg. This caused the British Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, David Mellor, to make a visit.
Renovations of the square and the surrounding area began in September 2022, with the final projects planned to be completed by April 2028.
| 2.109375
| 0
|
71456005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20N.%20C.%20Lieu
|
Samuel N. C. Lieu
|
Samuel N. C. Lieu (; full name: Samuel Nan-Chiang Lieu; born 4 March 1950) is a British historian of Manichaeism and Christianity in Central Asia and China.
Education
Born in Hong Kong and educated at St. Paul's College, Lieu received a BA in Ancient and Medieval History from Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1969. He later attended the University of Oxford, where he completed a DPhil in Ancient History in 1981, writing a comparative study on Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China.
Career
From 1974-1976, Lieu worked as a Junior Research Fellow in Wolfson College, Oxford. He became a Lecturer in Ancient History at University of Warwick and was eventually promoted to full professor (1976-1996). In 1996, he became Professor of Ancient History at Macquarie University, becoming a Distinguished Professor in 2010 and retiring in 2016 and becoming Emeritus Professor in 2017.
He has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society (1981), Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (1983),
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1989),
Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities (1999), and Fellow of the British Academy (2021). A festschrift has been prepared in his honour, entitled Byzantium to China: Religion, History and Culture on the Silk Roads: Studies in Honour of Samuel N.C. Lieu (2022).
Personal life
He married Judith Lieu, a British theologian and historian of early Christianity, in 1976.
Works
Monographs
Edited volumes
Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Thompson Glen L., eds. (2020). The Church of the East in Central Asia and China. Brepols. .
| 2.46875
| 0
|
71456403
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium%28V%29%20bromide
|
Protactinium(V) bromide
|
Protactinium(V) bromide is an inorganic compound. It is a halide of protactinium, consisting of protactinium and bromine. It is radioactive and has a chemical formula of PaBr5, which is a red crystal of the monoclinic crystal system.
Preparation
Protactinium(V) bromide can be obtained by reacting protactinium(V) chloride with boron tribromide at 500 to 550 °C.
3PaCl5 + 5BBr3 → 3PaBr5 + 5BCl3
It can also be obtained by reacting protactinium(V) oxide with aluminum bromide at 400 °C.
Physical properties
Protactinium(V) bromide is an orange-red, crystalline, extremely moisture-sensitive solid that reacts violently with water and ammonia, but is persistent in absolutely dry air. It is insoluble in isopentane, dichloromethane and benzene, and in anhydrous acetonitrile is dissolves to form PaBr5•4CH3CN. It comes in several modifications. Below 400 °C as an α-modification and above 400 °C as a β-modification. The α-form has a monoclinic crystal structure of the space group P21/c (No. 14) and lattice parameters a = 1296 pm, b = 1282 pm, c = 992 pm, β = 108° and the β-form also has monoclinic crystal structure with space group P21/n (No. 14, position 2) and lattice parameters a = 838.5 pm, b = 1120.5 pm, c = 895.0 pm, β = 91.1°. The β form exists as a dimer. At 400 °C in a vacuum, protactinium(V) bromide sublimes. A γ-form, which has a β-uranium(V) chloride-type crystal structure, has also been detected.
| 2.09375
| 0
|
71456406
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Soledar
|
Battle of Soledar
|
The battle of Soledar was a series of military engagements in and around the urban-type settlement of Soledar during the battle of Donbas in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Russian forces began an offensive on 3 August 2022, shelling Soledar, Bakhmut, and surrounding villages to the south and east. Repeated local Russian assaults on or near Soledar continued into October, with many repelled by the Ukrainian army. By late December, much of the fighting in the region centered around Bakhmut, with Soledar seen as a satellite stronghold protecting the city's northeastern flank and supply lines. By this time, much of Soledar had been reduced to ruins.
Direct Russian assaults on Soledar resumed in late December 2022 and early January 2023, and on 16 January Russian forces captured the last sector of its industrial zone and secured control of the town, allowing the Russians to further threaten Bakhmut's northern and northeastern outskirts.
Background
During the eastern Ukraine campaign in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian and separatist forces set their sights on seizing the Donbas region, consisting of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. Parts of these oblasts, including their capitals with the same names, were seized in pro-Russian uprisings in 2014. In late June and early July 2022, Luhansk Oblast fell under Russian control following the Ukrainian withdrawal from Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk. The battlefield then shifted towards the cities of Bakhmut, Siversk, and Soledar, all key settlements in Donetsk Oblast.
| 2.15625
| 0
|
71456782
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Morris%20Philips
|
George Morris Philips
|
Civic service
Philips held no elected offices but assumed numerous civic and professional leadership positions. He served as president of the Teachers Association of Pennsylvania in 1891, vice president of the National Educational Association in 1894 and 1910, member of the college and University Council of Pennsylvania from 1895 to 1911, trustee of Bucknell University, board member of the Bank of Chester County, vice president of the Dime Savings Bank of Chester County, board member of Chester Count Hospital, and board member of the American Baptist Publication Society. He served as president of the Chester County Historical Society from 1894 to 1920 and served as secretary of the state commission that rewrote the Pennsylvania School Codes between 1907 and 1911 (the legislature approved the revision in 1911). He subsequently helped guide the Pennsylvania Department of Education's acquisition of the state's independent normal schools, including West Chester.
Publications
Philips authored or coauthored textbooks on arithmetic, astronomy, natural philosophy, government, and Pennsylvania.
Personal life
Philips married Elizabeth Marshall on December 27, 1877, and had two children: William Pyle Philips (born June 29, 1882) and Sara Elizabeth Philips (born February 16, 1887). He belonged to the First Baptist Church of West Chester. His brother was Pennsylvania representative Thomas J. Philips.
After suffering a stroke six days earlier on the way home from a school dinner, Philips died at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia on March 11, 1920, at the age of 68. He was buried at Oaklands Cemetery.
| 2.140625
| 0
|
71456862
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82%20Marek
|
Paweł Marek
|
Paweł Lew Marek (16 August 1902, Radymno - 7 November 1971, Warsaw) was a Polish anarcho-syndicalist activist and journalist. He was co-founder of the Anarchist Federation of Poland during the Second Polish Republic, participant in the defence of Warsaw in 1939, then fought in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and in the subsequent Warsaw Uprising. After 1945, he worked as a trade union activist in the Polish People's Republic
Biography
Born in Radymno on 16 August 1902, he first went to work at the age of fourteen. In 1919, he was a co-founder of the Independent Workers' Youth Organisation, a local socialist organisation in Radymno, in which Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian workers were active. During the Kraków uprising of November 1923, he took part in the protests in Przemyśl. Fearing arrest, he moved to Stanisławów, where he first became involved in the anarcho-syndicalist movement. Soon after he moved on to Warsaw, where he worked as an artisan. In 1926, he co-founded the Anarchist Federation of Poland. In the years 1930-1931, he stayed in France, where he worked part-time and at the same time was active in the milieu of Polish anarchists. After returning to Poland until 1937, he was elected the secretary of the Anarchist Federation of Poland and became the editor of its banned newspaper Class War.
During the invasion of Poland in September 1939, he took part in the defence of Warsaw. In the years 1941-1942 he lived in the Warsaw ghetto. He then stayed in the concentration camp at Falenty, from which he escaped in February 1943, becoming a co-organiser of an underground syndicalist group. During the Warsaw Uprising, he participated in the press and propaganda group of the Syndicalist Brigade in Śródmieście, where he edited an insurgent magazine entitled Syndicalist and co-founded the Syndicalist Uprising Alliance.
| 1.90625
| 0
|
71456868
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Parkins
|
William H. Parkins
|
American Civil War
Parkins was born in New York in 1836. By the 1850s, he had relocated to Columbia, South Carolina, where he lived with his wife Emma Palmer, a native of the city, and his infant son Frank. The family was living here when South Carolina seceded from the United States, precipitating the American Civil War. While he had been living in the American South for several years, he was sympathetic to the Union, and after talking with his family, he decided to travel back to his family's home in New York, with Emma and Frank joining him afterwards. However, his journey from South Carolina to New York would ultimately take him over eighteen months. Parkins's journey began by rail from Columbia to Charlotte, North Carolina, and then by stagecoach to Murfreesboro, North Carolina. After crossing the Chowan River, he continued traveling on foot until being arrested by Confederate soldiers near Suffolk, Virginia. He was delivered to General Henry L. Benning, who, despite calls from some soldiers to hang him as a Union spy, instead ordered him sent to General James Longstreet's headquarters. Prior to this, however, he was interrogated by General George Pickett. The next day, Pickens and other prisoners were sent to Castle Thunder, a prison that was under the command of General John H. Winder. After six weeks in the prison, Winder had determined he was not a spy and he was sent back to Columbia, where he was allowed to spend one free day with his family before having to enlist in the Confederate States Army as a conscript. He was first stationed at a military camp on the plantation of General Wade Hampton III, where he became a corporal and was involved in construction activities.
| 2.765625
| 0
|
71457236
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Pacheco
|
Louis Pacheco
|
Dade battle
According to the Seminole leader Alligator, the Dade battle began at 10:00 a.m., but according to survivor Private Ransom Clark, it started at 8 a.m. and ended around 4 p.m., with the Indians leaving around sunset. The battle (often called the Dade massacre) was an 1835 military defeat for the United States Army. The U.S. attempted to force the Seminoles to move away from their land in Florida and relocate to Oklahoma Indian Territory. Instead, under the command of Major Francis L. Dade, consisting of 110 soldiers were ambushed by 180 Seminole warriors. Of the three U.S. soldiers who survived, Louis Fatio Pacheco was suspected of being an informant and spent the rest of his life trying to clear his name. When Major Dade was shot, Pacheco dropped to the ground so swiftly that those around believed he had been shot in the head. After being seen crawling for cover,it aroused suspicion throughout the military as if Pacheco had expected the ambush to occur.
Pacheco was found by the Seminoles hiding behind a tree. He was threatened many times while being held captive but he was always spared. It was mentioned "That's a black man, he is not his own master. Don't kill him!." Pacheco repaid his captors by reading the letters and dispatches found on the bodies of dead officers. This gave the Seminoles valuable information pertaining to the military's strategy. In 1837, he escaped the Indians and turned himself into the authorities hoping to clear his name.
| 2.796875
| 0
|
71457358
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian%20Concept
|
Polynesian Concept
|
The Polynesian Concept is an American production catamaran sailboat that was designed by Rudy Choy of C/S/K Catamarans, in conjunction with actor Buddy Ebsen. Intended for cruising, it was first built in 1970. Ebsen had built the wooden prototype, named Polynesian Concept and raced it in the 1968 Transpacific Yacht Race.
Production
The design was built by W. D. Schock Corp and by C/S/K Catamarans in the United States, from 1970 to 1972, with 12 boats completed, but it is now out of production. W. D. Schock Corp reported building three of the boats in total.
Design
The Polynesian Concept is a recreational sailing catamaran, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig with double spreaders. The hulls have raked stems, reverse transoms, dual transom-hung rudders controlled by a tiller and twin retractable daggerboards. It displaces .
The boat has a draft of with the daggerboards retracted, allowing operation in shallow water or beaching.
The design has a hull speed of .
Operational history
Ebsen wrote a book, Polynesian Concept, published by Prentice-Hall in 1972, about sailing the wooden prototype with a professional crew in the 1968 Transpacific Yacht Race from Los Angeles to Honolulu, winning against a field of eight mutihulls on corrected time.
| 1.960938
| 0
|
71457723
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maribeth%20Price
|
Maribeth Price
|
Maribeth Hughett Price (born 1963) is an American geologist and planetary scientist whose research concerns the geology of Venus, and particularly volcanism on Venus. She is also known as the author of the book Mastering ArcGIS. Price is dean of graduate education at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology.
Education and career
Price was born in 1963 in Portsmouth, Virginia, moved with her family as a child to Palo Alto, California, and graduated from Palo Alto High School in 1981. She majored in earth science at Dartmouth College, earning a bachelor's degree in 1985, with Phi Beta Kappa honors. After working for two years for the United States Geological Survey, she went to Princeton University for graduate study in geosciences. She earned a master's degree there in 1989, and completed her Ph.D. in 1995. Her dissertation, Dating resurfacing on Venus using impact crater densities from GIS-based global mapping, was supervised by John Suppe.
She joined the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 1995, as an assistant professor of geology and geological engineering. She was promoted to associate professor in 2003 and full professor in 2010, chaired the department from 2006 to 2011, and became map curator for the James E. Martin Paleontology Research Laboratory in 2011. She was named dean of graduate education in 2017.
Books
Price's book Mastering ArcGIS (2004; 8th ed., McGraw Hill, 2019) concerns the ArcGIS software for geographic information system services. She is also the author of Mastering ArcGIS Pro (2015; 2nd ed., 2020) and of Switching to ArcGIS Pro from ArcMap (ESRI Press, 2019; 2nd ed., 2022).
| 2.25
| 0
|
71457815
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium%28V%29%20fluoride
|
Protactinium(V) fluoride
|
Protactinium(V) fluoride is a fluoride of protactinium with the chemical formula PaF5.
Preparation
Protactinium(V) fluoride can be obtained by reacting protactinium(V) oxide with bromine trifluoride or bromine pentafluoride at 600 °C:
3 Pa2O5 + 10 BrF3 (6 BrF5) -> 6 PaF5 + 5 Br2 (3 Br2 ) + 7.5 O2
It can also be obtained by reacting protactinium(V) chloride or protactinium(IV) fluoride with fluorine gas at 700 °C:
2 PaF4 + F2 -> 2 PaF5
The hydrate form of protactinium(V) fluoride can be formed by the reaction of protactinium(V) oxide and hydrofluoric acid in an aqueous solution:
Pa2 O5 + 10 HF -> 2 PaF5 . 2 H2O + 6 H2O
It can also be decomposed from fluorine-containing protactinium complexes.
Properties
Protactinium(V) fluoride is a white, volatile, extremely hygroscopic solid that is partially soluble in water and soluble in hydrofluoric acid. It has a tetragonal crystal structure of the β-uranium pentafluoride type with the space group I42d (space group no. 122) with the lattice parameters a = 1153 pm, c = 510 pm. Quartz and Pyrex are attacked by the compound at higher temperatures. As a dihydrate, it is a colourless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid that is waxy in nature. It is soluble in water and hydrofluoric acid. It reacts with phosphorus trifluoride to form protactinium(IV) fluoride. The dihydrate cannot be converted into the anhydrous form in air, hydrogen fluoride or fluorine at low temperatures. Instead, diprotactinium(V) oxide octafluoride (Pa2OF8) is formed. At higher temperatures around 325 °C, a mixture of the diprotactinium(V) oxide octafluoride and protactinium(V) fluoride is formed.
| 2.15625
| 0
|
71458237
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babakina%20anadoni
|
Babakina anadoni
|
Babakina anadoni is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch in the family Babakinidae.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1979 and placed in the genus Rioselleolis (named after Ribadesella, Asturias, where the holotype was found), but has subsequently been assigned to the genus Babakina. The species was named to honour Emilio Anadón Frutos (1917–1997) who was a professor of zoology and marine biology at the University of Oviedo, Spain.
Description
It is multicoloured and grows to 2 cm in length. The ground colour of its body is a shade of purple. Its chemosensory organs (rhinophores) and other structures covering the surface of the body (cerata) are contrasting shades of purple as well as different colours including blue, white, yellow and pink.
Distribution and habitat
It is found in warm Atlantic waters, including off the west coast of Spain, the Canary Islands and the coastlines of Portugal and rarely southern France. It is also known from the eastern Atlantic in The Bahamas, as well as the French Caribbean and the coast of Brazil. Records of the species from temperate waters are also known; in 2022 an individual was found off the Isles of Scilly of the United Kingdom, north of its typical distribution. Another was found in a rock pool at Falmouth, Cornwall, even further north, in May 2023.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
71458328
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery%20of%20San%20Felice
|
Monastery of San Felice
|
Below the church is one of the main examples of early medieval architecture in Pavia: the crypt. The environment is equipped with a corridor and provided with three apses and niches carved into the side walls. The crypt has two has two entrances, placed on both sides of it, in order to allow the descent and ascent during the rites and processions. Inside the crypt there are large reliquary arks in white marble, with a gabled roof, dating back to the 10th century and, probably, the rare remains of green and black plaster on the vault of the room also date back to the same period.
Near the church there is also a large Renaissance cloister. The cloister was built between 1493 and 1500. A capital preserves an inscription that recalled how the abbess Andriola de’ Barrachis had the work done in the year 1500. The cloister, in Renaissance style, is equipped with 30 columns in marble with capitals, terracotta decorations of the arches and clypei in which busts of nuns are frescoed. Even in the arches and walls there are remains of frescoes, mostly dating back to the 16th century, while in the northern part of the cloister there is a brick pillar, the only surviving element of the previous Romanesque cloister.
| 2.640625
| 0
|
71458603
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Pennington%20%28Updike%29%20Weatherall
|
Mary Pennington (Updike) Weatherall
|
Mary Pennington (Updike) Weatherall (January 26, 1930 - February 25, 2018) was a visual artist and the first wife of John Updike. Many of Updike's early characters were modeled after her, particularly in his short stories about the Maple family and his novel Couples. Weatherall was the mother of artist Elizabeth Updike Cobblah and writer David Updike, and the maternal aunt of poet Molly Fisk.
Early life and education
Mary Entwistle Pennington was born on January 26, 1930, in Braintree, Massachusetts, to Unitarian minister Leslie Talbot Pennington and Elizabeth Entwistle Daniels, a Latin teacher. She had one sibling, a younger sister, Antoinette Pennington Fisk, and they grew up in Cambridge, where Weatherall attended the Shady Hill School and Buckingham Browne & Nichols School where she played field hockey and enjoyed ice skating. Weatherall graduated from Radcliffe College in 1952.
Life with John Updike
In 1953 she married John Updike, a Harvard student, who she met during an art class her senior year. After his graduation, they both studied art at Oxford University's Ruskin School of Drawing, where their first child, Elizabeth, was born. They lived in New York for two years while John wrote for the New Yorker and then moved to Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1957, where they raised their four children, Elizabeth, David, Michael, and Miranda. Weatherall was active in the Civil Rights movement and participated in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches. She and Updike separated in 1974 and divorced in 1976.
Later life and career
After her divorce, she worked for Atlantic Monthly reading poetry and studied at Montserrat College of Art. In 1982, she married longtime family friend Robert Weatherall. A recent widower, Weatherall had started as an academic in England and continued his career at MIT. Mary was a popular landscape painter as well as being active in the civil rights movement, participating in one of the Selma marches.
| 2.015625
| 0
|
71458680
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashme%20Incarceration%20Camp
|
Tashme Incarceration Camp
|
The internment of Japanese Canadians was initiated from fears of Japanese forces after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. In the first few months of 1942, the hate against Nisei, who only knew Canada as their home, had peaked, and racist stances against Japanese Canadians became hard to endure. Nevertheless, under Prime Minister Mackenzie King, the government issued an "Order-in-Council PC 1486" for national security reasons. The legislation was to remove "all persons of Japanese Racial Origin" from 100 miles far from the BC west coast to the interior lands. The Japanese incarceration was one of Canadian history's worst violations of freedom. The BCSC, the British Columbia Security Commission, fixed the power for the RCMP to remove Japanese Canadians from their home forcefully, set dusk to dawn curfews, and confiscate personal properties.
The camp was notable as the temporary home of celebrated Canadian artist Kazuo Nakamura, who suffered from the same abuses and confiscation as other inmates. Camp staff strongly disapproved of free artistic expression, and would often destroy or remove work by Nakamura. Like other young Japanese men, Nakamura was assigned to woodcutting work, and only provided an elementary education. To pass the time and ensure his content passed harsh censorship, Nakamura took to imitating and tracing books of Canadian Art available through a Christian Mission in Tashme. His works from this time are largely concerned with landscape scenes.
| 2.703125
| 0
|
71459008
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventum
|
Conventum
|
The Conventum is a Latin text from around 1030 that narrates the relations between Duke William V of Aquitaine and Lord Hugh IV of Lusignan in the preceding twenty years. The exact nature of the text is a matter of scholarly disagreement. It has been seen as a record of a legal settlement and as a sui generis literary text presaging the chanson de geste. It concerns Hugh's disputes over land and castles with various other barons of Aquitaine and William's failure to help him. The text is written from Hugh's point of view.
Transmission
Manuscripts
The Conventum is preserved in three manuscripts, none original.
In two manuscripts now in the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris, the Conventum is found alongside the Chronicle of Ademar of Chabannes. The earlier of these, Latin 5927, was probably made within two decades of the events described in the Conventum. It was most likely copied from the original document at the abbey of Saint-Martial of Limoges. The Conventum occupies pages 266–280 and is 341 or 342 lines long. It was copied by a single scribe who used the ampersand ligature for the letter combination et even where it occurs within words.
The later Bibliothèque manuscript, Latin 9767, dates to the 15th century. Its contents are very similar to those of Latin 5927. The Conventum is found at folios 62v–66r. Jules Chavanon argued that it was copied directly from Latin 5927. It is more likely, however, that it was made from a defective copy of the Conventum, since a large section is missing, perhaps corresponding to a missing folio in its exemplar. It is otherwise almost identical to Latin 5927
The third copy, made towards the end of the 11th century, is found at folios 89v–93r of the manuscript Latin F.v.IVN3 in the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg. It was probably copied from Latin 5927.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
71459265
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Powell%20%28collector%29
|
George Powell (collector)
|
Powell was also "a fanatical devotee" of German composer Richard Wagner and attended the first performance of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen as a complete cycle at Bayreuth, Germany, in August 1876. In September 1876 Powell wrote to Swinburne that he had subsequently dined with Wagner and his wife Cosima.
The Nanteos Cup was first exhibited by Powell in 1878 at St David's College, Lampeter (now University of Wales, Trinity Saint David), during a meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological Society.
Powell spent most of his adult life in London and France, having "sufficient means to pursue a life of travelling – throughout Europe, northern Africa and Iceland – writing poetry and indulging his passion for both music and collecting books, music manuscripts, autograph letters, fine and decorative art, coins and 'curiosities'."
In a short fictional work, L'anglais d'Etretat, the French writer Guy de Maupassant said of Powell: "He loved the supernatural, the macabre, the tortured, the intricate and every form of derangement." Neil Holland, Senior Curator of Collections at Aberystwyth University, points out that Powell followed in "the tradition of many eccentric collectors such as Ludwig II of Bavaria and William Beckford" and "flirted with the boundaries of acceptable behaviour" although on "rather a less lavish scale."
The Powell collection was made up of many objects described by Powell as "antiquities and curiosities" and also included 150 oil paintings, watercolours, prints and drawings (among them pencil drawings by Rossetti), 1,700 books, 11 volumes of correspondents' letters, Japanese ivory carvings, as well as a casket that once held a fragment of Robert Schumann's coffin. The collection is "imbued with Powell's own slant on the world," as Holland points out, and "representative of his personal enthusiasms [with] strong significance as precious souvenirs of friends and relics of heroes"; but it includes many objects "'without provenance', 'attributed', copies or even fakes."
| 2.34375
| 0
|
71459267
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis%20Polelonema
|
Otis Polelonema
|
Otis Polelonema (1902–1981), was a Hopi painter, illustrator, weaver, song composer, and educator. He lived in Shongopovi most of his life. He also worked as a WPA artist in the mural division. His native name in the Hopi language is Lomadamocvia which translates to "springtime".
Biography
Otis Polelonema was born on February 21, 1902, the Hopi Reservation in Shongopovi (Hopi: Songòopavi), Arizona. He learned to weave from his father and uncles, as it is tradition in Hopi culture for the men to be weavers. Polelonema worked as a sheep farmer in his early life and again in later life.
In 1914, he attended the Santa Fe Indian School, under the supervision of John DeHuff. Polelonema took after-school art instruction classes at Elizabeth Willis DeHuff's house, studying alongside Fred Kabotie, Velino Shije Herrera, Awa Tsireh, and others. He remained in Santa Fe until 1920, then returned to his hometown.
In 1925, Polelonema married Jessie Salaftoche, and together they had 6 children. His son Tyler Polelonema is a noted artist.
Polelonema stopped painting in the 1970s, and started to focus on Hopi traditions and Hopi cultural arts. In late life, he worked as a song composer of Hopi ceremonial dances, including songs of the Gray Flute society. He taught Hopi weaving in 1971 at Mary Pendleton's Pendleton Fabric Craft School in Sedona, Arizona.
Death and legacy
Otis died on December 27, 1981, at Shungopovi, during the Solstice Ceremony. However, sometimes 1972 is attributed as his year of death.
Polelonema's artwork can be found in museum collections, including at the Heard Museum, Gilcrease Museum, McNay Art Museum, New Mexico Museum of Art (formerly Museum of New Mexico Art Gallery), National Museum of the American Indian, and the Detroit Institute of Arts museum. His work is also part of the Elizabeth Willis DeHuff Collection of American Indian Art at Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
Publications
| 2.5
| 0
|
71459821
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2AManu%20and%20%2AYemo
|
*Manu and *Yemo
|
Legacy
The motif of Manu and Yemo has been influential throughout Eurasia following the Indo-European migrations. The Greek, Old Russian (Poem on the Dove King) and Jewish versions depend on the Iranian, and a Chinese version of the myth has been introduced from Ancient India. The Armenian version of the myth of the First Warrior Trito depends on the Iranian, and the Roman reflexes were influenced by earlier Greek versions.
Baltic mythology records a fertility deity Jumis, whose name means 'pair, double (of fruits)'. His name is also considered a cognate to Indo-Iranian Yama, and related to Sanskrit yamala 'in pairs, twice' and Prakrit yamala 'twins'. Ranko Matasović cites the existence of Jumala as a female counterpart and sister of Jumis in Latvian (folksongs), as another fertility deity, and in the same vein, Zmago Smitek mentioned the pair as having "pronounced vegetational characteristics". Jumis, whose name can also mean 'double ear of wheat', is also considered a Latvian chthonic deity that lived "beneath the plowed field".
Later Iranian tradition (Pahlavi) attests a brother–sister pair named Jima (Yima) and Jimak (Yimak). Yimak, or Jamag, is described as Yima's twin sister in the Bundahishn, from Central Iran. Yima consorts with his sister Yimak to produce humankind, but is later killed by Azi Dahaka.
The name Yama is attested as a compound in personal names of the historical Persepolis Administrative Archives, such as Yamakka and Yamakšedda (from Old Persian *Yama-xšaita- 'majestic Yama', modern Jamshid).
| 2.46875
| 0
|
71460075
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svana%20Fri%C3%B0riksd%C3%B3ttir
|
Svana Friðriksdóttir
|
Svana Friðriksdóttir is an Icelandic educator who won the Nansen Refugee Award in 1971.
Early life and education
Svana was born in Hólmavík on the 1st January 1951 and moved to Kópavog at the age of thirteen years.
While she studied at teacher's college she spent her evenings and weekend either working at Hotel Saga, or volunteering as a Scout. After the Nigerian Civil War ended in 1970, awareness of the needs of refugees increased in Nordic countries and a movement called Refugees 71 started focussing on door to door fundraising, raising the equivalent of 520 million Icelandic króna. Svana was selected as a representative of the Nordic youth fundraisers and was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award in 1971 when she was 19 years old.
She received the award in Geneva from Sadruddin Aga Khan at a ceremony where U Thant spoke.
Life in the USA
After finishing her teaching training, Svana married university professor Jóhanni P. Malmquist and they both moved to Pennsylvania, USA. In the USA, she studied art theory and architecture before working as a teacher, working until December 2021. She has three children, plus grandchildren.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
71460242
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac%20Suite
|
Zodiac Suite
|
Composition and Asch recording
Williams began writing Zodiac Suite in 1942 after borrowing a book on astrology. She was interested in the idea of writing music inspired by the star signs of her musician friends. The first three compositions were for "Scorpio", "Gemini" and "Taurus". Ellington's extended jazz piece Black, Brown and Beige had given Williams the idea to create an orchestral work that reached outside of jazz music norms. The suite was also influenced by classical composers such as Bartók. Williams explained that the Zodiac Suite was "the beginning of a real fulfilment of one of my ambitions".
Williams had hoped to finish the suite for a live performance on the radio station WNEW in 1945 with Al Lucas on bass and Jack Parker on drums. By the time of the performance, she still only had compositions for three star signs. The remaining nine signs were improvised live on air. The performance received a positive reception and Williams subsequently recorded Zodiac Suite with the same trio for Asch records.
Most pieces in the suite were dedicated to or influenced by other performers and their star sign. "Aries" was for Ben Webster and Billie Holiday; "Taurus" for Duke Ellington; "Gemini" for Shorty Baker; "Cancer" for Lem Davis; "Leo" for Vic Dickenson; "Libra" for Art Tatum, Dizzy Gillespie, Bud Powell, Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker and John Coltrane; "Scorpio" for Ethel Waters, Katherine Dunham and Al Lucas; "Sagittarius" for Eddie Heywood; "Capricorn" for Pearl Primus and Frankie Newton; "Aquarius" for Josh White and Eartha Kitt; and "Pisces" for Al Hall and Barney Josephson.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
71460545
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dniester%20Front
|
Dniester Front
|
The battle began with the German troops advancing on the Russian bridgehead at Zhuravno, it was well fortified and flanked by impassable marshes. The Russian troops were well equipped and eager to fight.
The Germans attacked unsuccessfully along the entire front, and apparently in poor morale, as cases were recorded when entire companies of the Prussian Guard surrendered.
The Russians heroically defended the bridgehead from the troops of the central powers, capturing prisoners and inflicting losses on the guard.
The Russians defeated several corps and pushed them away from the Dniester, but after that they had to retreat due to general failures in Galicia and the withdrawal of Brusilov's 8th army.
Austro-Hungarian troops were unable to cross the Dniester and defeat the Russian troops in eastern Galicia. Their trophies amounted to only 7 machine guns and 5,168 prisoners (34 of them officers).
During this time, Russian troops were able to capture more than 80,000 during five operations on this sector of the front.
| 2.109375
| 0
|
71460552
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-chromosome%20reactivation
|
X-chromosome reactivation
|
Breast cancer and ovarian cancer, particularly more aggressive strains, commonly lack an Xi and have two Xa's. Breast cancer cells commonly have two identical Xa's, possibly from duplication of the original Xa and loss of the original Xi. Gains of X chromosomes have been observed in many other cancers, including leukemia, prostate cancer, and intracranial germ cell cancers. Potential mechanisms leading to this overexpression of X-linked genes include chromosome segregation errors, defects in general heterochromatin maintenance, and defects in Xi-specific silencing factors, the latter two of which would partially reactivate the Xi.
In Stem Cell Reprogramming
The presence of two Xa's is a measure of the pluripotency, or ability to differentiate into many different cell types, of embryonic stem cells. Cell hybrid experiments fusing somatic cells and stem cells in vitro resulted in reactivation of the entire Xi. Reprogramming of mouse and human fibroblast cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reactivates the Xi found in the original fibroblasts. If re-differentiated and XCI occurs again, the selection of the Xi is not randomized, i.e. the X that was originally the Xi in the starting fibroblast will be deterministically inactivated again, evidencing the incompleteness of X reactivation. Reprogramming can be accomplished by nuclear cloning, cell fusion with pluripotent cells, or expression of pluripotency factors. Factors implicated in XCI maintenance include origin recognition complex 2 (Orc2), heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1a), macroH2A1, and Bmil. Disruption of Orc2 or HP1a function have both been shown to lead to partial Xi reactivation.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
71460552
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-chromosome%20reactivation
|
X-chromosome reactivation
|
As a Potential Therapy
The human X chromosome contains a disproportionate number of genes associated with intellectual disability. X-linked disorders in heterozygous female patients are particularly relevant here because these patients carry an X chromosome with the mutated disorder allele and an X chromosome with a healthy wild-type allele. XCI randomly selects one X chromosome as the Xi, leaving the genes on the other X, the Xa, to be expressed. Therefore, heterozygous female patients are a mosaic of healthy and diseased cells. In non-cell-autonomous X-linked disorders, such as hemophilia A, the healthy cells can compensate for the diseased cells. In other disorders such as Kabuki syndrome, the mutation affects the cell such that cells carrying the healthy allele are more common (a skewed XCI pattern), reducing the severity of the disease. However, in X-linked disorders where the healthy cells are insufficient to restore wild-type function, X chromosome reactivation may be a potential therapy. By reactivating the Xi in diseased cells, the previously unexpressed wild-type allele can regain some level of expression and restore function. Disorders that could hypothetically be treated by X reactivation include Rett syndrome, CDKL5 deficiency disorder, Fragile X syndrome, etc.
Potential Risks and Concerns
XCI serves a central function in sex-chromosome dosage compensation. Xi reactivation currently doesn't target specific genes, but rather targets the entire chromosome, running the risk of overexpression of other X-linked genes and subsequent side effects. Treatments also may not be able to specifically target the Xi chromosome, instead causing genome-wide disruption of epigenetic patterns.
| 2.453125
| 0
|
71460572
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Pue%20Gorman%20Jr.
|
Arthur Pue Gorman Jr.
|
Arthur Pue Gorman Jr. (March 27, 1873 – September 3, 1919) was an American politician. He served in the Maryland Senate from 1904 to 1912. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1911 Maryland gubernatorial election.
Early life
Arthur Pue Gorman Jr. was born on March 27, 1873, in Howard County, Maryland to Hannah Donagan and Arthur Pue Gorman. His father was a senator. He attended private schools in Washington, D.C., Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia, and Lawrenceville, New Jersey. He received a legal education at Columbian University (now George Washington University) and the University of Maryland. He also worked in the office of John P. Poe Sr.
Career
Gorman formed Miles & Gorman, a law practice with Alonzo L. Miles. He was a member of the staffs of Governors John Walter Smith and Austin L. Crothers. He served as colonel with Governor Smith from 1900 to 1904. He then served as brigadier general with Governor Crothers from 1908 to 1912.
Gorman was a Democrat. He served in the Maryland Senate, representing Howard County, from 1904 to 1912. He served as President of the Maryland Senate from 1910 to 1912. While in the senate, Gorman was active in the investigation of the affairs of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
In 1911, Gorman defeated Blair Lee in the Democratic primary for governor. Gorman would lose to Phillips Lee Goldsborough in the 1911 Maryland gubernatorial election. Historians attribute Gorman's loss to Goldsborough to Gorman's bitter primary fight with Lee.
In 1914, Gorman was the first chairman of the Maryland State Tax Commission. He served in this role until his death. He served as director of the Citizens National Bank in Laurel.
Personal life
Gorman married Grace James Norris, daughter of Annie Virginia (née Robinson) and James Lawson Norris, on November 28, 1900.
Gorman died on September 3, 1919, at a hospital in Baltimore after a long illness from diabetes. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
71460614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Ajax%2C%20Ontario
|
History of Ajax, Ontario
|
The early years of the 20th century saw growth in diversified agriculture driven by demand from Toronto, while other industries such as lumber continued to decline. The major crops in present-day Ajax were grains, silage corn, potatoes, peas, turnips, and hay. The major farm animals were poultry, swine, sheep, and cattle (both beef and dairy). Local farms supplied milk to the Brown's Cheese Factory in the northern part of present-day Ajax, as well as to creameries in Whitby, Brooklin, Hampton and Toronto. The area also produced fruits, the most common of which were raspberries, cherry, pear, plum and apple. The major apple cultivars included Baldwin, Blenheim Orange, Gravenstein, King, Northern Spy, Red Astrachan, Russett, Rhode Island Greening, Snow, Tolman Sweet, Wagener and Wealthy.
Stonehooking was common during the early 20th century: local farmers used stones from the beaches for repairing the local roads, and outsider schooners arrived to mine the beach gravel and cobble for use in Toronto and other areas.
Commercial fishermen operated at the shore of Lake Ontario, while the residents fished the Duffins Creek and the Carruthers Creek. Atlantic salmon was once common in the local streams, but damming and other human activities had wiped it out in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, northern pike was common in the marshes; whitefish, herring, and trout were common in Lake Ontario. The locals also hunted waterfowl and trapped muskrat in wetlands.
| 2.84375
| 0
|
71460614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Ajax%2C%20Ontario
|
History of Ajax, Ontario
|
Most of the workers left the town when their jobs ended, but several decided to remain in Ajax. Around 600 renting families lived in houses that were built to last for five years. When a federal official came to Ajax and talked about tearing the houses down, the residents protested. Some residents went to Queen's Park in Toronto to petition the government. During 1945–1951, many of the residents lived in uncertainty, as there were talks of closing down the community, and predictions that the community would turn into a ghost town or farming land.
The government ultimately bowed to public pressure, acknowledging the demands of the residents, and the need for housing from the incoming married University students. As part of a policy to minimize its intervention in the housing market, the government decided to liquidate WHL. The tenants of the WHL-built houses received the first opportunity to buy the houses in which they were living, with 10% down payment and a 25-year mortgage. The house prices ranged between $2,500 and $3,300. Many renters accepted the offer, and became homeowners. The buyers were given the option of having a permanent masonry foundation or a basement installed. For the basement, the buyer had to pay an additional cost, which could be negotiated directly with the contractor. Most residents opted for a basement.
In 1948, while the Ajax Division was still holding classes, the government had turned over the DIL property from WHL to Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), another crown corporation. CMHC's mandate was to develop Ajax into a planned industrial town. CMHC assigned the responsibility to George Finley, its housing manager in Ajax. Finley established an engineering office, headed by Ted Grierson.
| 2.828125
| 0
|
71460614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Ajax%2C%20Ontario
|
History of Ajax, Ontario
|
For a community to get municipal status, the contemporary Ontario Municipal Act required an application by a group of at least 30 adult male British subjects from a population of at least 50 persons. Herb Hunter, a former DIL manager, organized such a group, and presented a petition to the Department of Municipal Affairs of the Ontario Government on 9 November 1950. Accordingly, Ajax was designated as an "improvement district", the first step towards a full municipal status, effective 1 November 1950. Called "Corporation of the Improvement District of Ajax", the community was deemed a "township municipality" for all purposes of the Ontario Municipal Act. The Ajax Improvement District had a population of 5,124 persons.
Unlike the residents of a full municipality, the residents of an Improvement District did not have the right to elect their local administration. Instead, the Lieutenant Governor appointed a three-member board of trustees to the Corporation of the Improvement District of Ajax, which administered the community. The three board members were Benjamin de Forest Bayly (chairman), John Mills (Vice-chairman), and William Ridewout. Bayly, better known as Pat Bayly, was an electrical engineer who had worked at Camp X, had taught at the University of Toronto, and had founded the local electronics firm Bayly Engineering Limited. John Mills was a former worker at DIL and a reporter for the Oshawa Times Gazette, while William Rideout was a CMHC employee.
Unlike other municipalities that had evolved gradually, Ajax did not have any by-laws or staff. The Board met for the first time on 4 December 1950. Their first by-law was to appoint Ray Mark as the Secretary-Treasurer, tasked with carrying out general office activities necessary to administer the Improvement District. In January 1951, Mark was replaced by experienced Bolton Falby. In August 1952, Bayly resigned and was replaced by Robert F. Hunt, a manager of the local firm Dowty Equipment Canada.
The Board enacted several by-laws, including for:
| 2.140625
| 0
|
71460935
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riga%E2%80%93Schaulen%20offensive
|
Riga–Schaulen offensive
|
In the conditions of the German advance to Vilno, the headquarters of the armies of the North-Western Front sent the 5th Army Corps to the 10th Army (the Guards Corps, landing in Vilno, was the reserve of the Russian Supreme Commander). On August 21, Radkevich ordered to prevent the Germans from entering the interfluve of the Neman and Neris rivers and to launch a counterattack with the right wing of the army. However, on August 21, the retreat of the right wing of the Russian 10th Army continued: the onslaught of the 6th Cavalry and 40th Reserve Corps of the Germans did not weaken. At 4 p.m. Radkevich ordered the 2nd and 26th Army Corps to cross the Neman River at night. By evening, it turned out that the right flank of the army was so upset that it could not withstand the attacks of the Germans and retreated. The 3rd Siberian and 2nd Army Corps went beyond the Neman. After the 1st Army abandoned the Osowiec fortress, it was necessary to begin the evacuation of Grodno. The commandant of the fortress, M. Kaigorodov, expected to remove artillery (128 guns), ammunition (300,000 poods of shells and 100,000 poods of gunpowder), engineering and quartermaster supplies (2.2 million poods) from the fortress by September 13 with the condition of supplying at least 289 platforms and 2,908 wagons. At the same time, for lack of time and transport, another 507 guns and 626,000 shells, 53 machine guns, 79 rocket launchers with 6,631 rockets, almost 6 million rifle cartridges and a 10-day supply of food for the 1st and 10th armies were left in Grodno.
| 2.09375
| 0
|
71461135
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo%20Marcello%20Toderini
|
Palazzo Marcello Toderini
|
Palazzo Marcello Toderini is a small palace in Venice, in the Santa Croce sestiere, overlooking the Grand Canal on the Riva de Biasio. The structure is across the confluence of the Cannaregio Canal, between the Palazzo Zen and the Tassitura Luigi Bevilacqua.
History
The small palace dates back to the 17th century. It was built by the ancient Roman family Marcello. Two Doges emerged from the family: Marcello Tegalliano (717–726) and Nicolò Marcello (1473–1474). Best known, however, are two brothers from this family who became musicians: Alessandro Marcello (1684–1750) and Benedetto Marcello (1686–1739).
Architecture
The palace has three floors. The ground floor portal to Riva de Biasio is rectangular, there are the two pairs of single-light windows flanking it. The single noble floor features a large central serliana with a projecting balustraded balcony. This window is also flanked by two pairs of monoforas. There is a decorative cornice above the serliana, the central part of which has a mascaron at the top point of the round arch. The mezzanine floor under the roof has a window layout corresponding to that of the noble floor. The plastered and white-painted facade terminates at the top with a serrated eaves.
There is a large garden behind the palace.
Gallery
| 1.96875
| 0
|
71461738
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th%20Chess%20Olympiad
|
45th Chess Olympiad
|
Preparations
The provisional total budget for the Chess Olympiad was €16.6 million, including €9 million for event services and operations as well as the hosting fee. In June 2021, FIDE President Arkady Dvorkovich, together with the president of the Hungarian Chess Federation László Szabó and the executive director of the National Sports Agency of Hungary Attila Mihok, signed the contract in Budapest. The organisers of the event intended to make it an innovative Olympiad by introducing new technologies, such as a 5G high-speed wireless network, a real-time visual broadcast, holograms and newly invented "sensitive" chess boards for the visually impaired. It was announced to be a "green" Olympiad with the possibility of transfers between the venues and the hotels using bicycles and electric vehicles, as well as avoiding the use of paper and plastic. The Government of Hungary supported the event. Robert Kapas was the tournament director, and Slovakia's International Arbiter Ivan Syrovy was the Chief Arbiter.
Venue
The event was held at the SYMA Sports and Conference Centre, which, besides the playing hall, also included an accreditation centre and an exposition and fan zone area. This facility was built in 2000 on the site of the old Budapest Sportcsarnok, which is halfway between the Puskás Aréna and the László Papp Budapest Sports Arena, in a neighbourhood that is entirely dedicated to recreation. The venue's capacity is 10,000 spectators, and it is the most modern of its kind in Hungary. It has previously hosted other sport events, such as the 2019 Hungarian Athletics Indoor Championships, the 2019 World Fencing Championships and the 2022 European Wrestling Championships.
| 1.960938
| 0
|
71461766
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Blackwell%20%28principal%29
|
Thomas Blackwell (principal)
|
Thomas Blackwell (1660–1728) was a Church of Scotland minister who was principal of Marischal College in Aberdeen from 1717 to 1728.
Life
He was born in 1660 the son of Thomas Blackwell calenderer in Glasgow and his wife, Janet Knox. He was educated at Glasgow University training as a minister. He was licensed to preach as a Church of Scotland minister by the Presbytery of Glasgow in February 1693.
He was ordained at Paisley Abbey in August 1694. In November 1700 he translated to "second charge" of the Kirk of St Nicholas in Aberdeen. In May 1711 he moved to first charge of Greyfriars Church, Aberdeen. He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity (DD) and adopted a second role as Professor of Divinity at Marischal College in the same year.
From 1714 to 1728 he was Patron of the Seven Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen.
In 1717 he succeeded Robert Paterson as principal of Marischal College. A senior figure in the Church of Scotland, he travelled to London with William Carstares of Edinburgh University to discuss the Patronage and Toleration Act in the run up to the Act of Union 1707. This led to the Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711.
He died on 3 October 1728.
Family
He married Christian Johnston (d.1749) daughter of John Johnston of Glasgow.
Their children included:
Thomas Blackwell (also a future principal of Marischal College)
George Blackwell, minister of Bathgate
Alexander Blackwell tortured and beheaded in Sweden in 1747
Janet, married George Fordyce, Provost of Aberdeen parents to Sir William Fordyce, David Fordyce, James Fordyce and Alexander Fordyce
Christian Blackwell (d.1784), married John French, advocate in Aberdeen
Publications
Ratio Sacra (1710)
Schema Sacra (1710)
Methodus Evangelica (1712)
Representation against the Bill for Restoring Patronages (1712)
Artistic recognition
His portrait (artist unknown) is held by the Seven Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen.
| 1.984375
| 0
|
71462533
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation%20of%20James%20I%20and%20Anne
|
Coronation of James I and Anne
|
The coronation
On Sunday 24 July, James created a number of new Knights of the Bath in the gallery of Whitehall Palace. The next day, James and Anne embarked on a gilded royal barge at Whitehall Steps, located near the present-day Horse Guards Avenue, and travelled the short distance upriver to a jetty at Westminster, known as Westminster Bridge or Westminster Hall Bridge (not to be confused with the later 18th-century Westminster Bridge), walking first to Westminster Hall. It was raining. Despite a proclamation that spectators should stay away because of an outbreak of bubonic plague, the streets around the abbey and numerous boats on the river were crowded with onlookers. The purple velvet train of the queen's gown was held by one of her ladies and her chamberlain, an honour disputed by two rival claimants, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford and Daniel Cage, whose father had acquired Great Hormead, one of the manors attached to the chamberlain's office. The ambition of Daniel Cage (died 1634) to act as the queen's page in the procession was not realised.
The ceremony was described by the Venetian diplomat Scaramelli and others including Giovanni degli Effetti, an agent of the Papal nuncio in France, Innocenzo del Buffalo, and Benjamin von Buwinckhausen, a diplomat from the Duchy of Württemberg.
| 2.140625
| 0
|
71462544
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniconaias%20siamensis
|
Phoeniconaias siamensis
|
Phoeniconaias siamensis is an extinct species of flamingo that lived in northern Thailand during the Miocene period. Its closest living relative is the lesser flamingo.
History and naming
Phoeniconaias siamensis was named in 1991 on the basis of various postcranial material found at the Mae Long Reservoir in Li, northern Thailand. The holotype, TLi 7, is the distal end of a right tarsometatarsus, but the referred material also includes elements of both the right and left wings and hindlimbs, a scapula and a cervical vertebra.
The name derives from Siam, the historical name of Thailand.
Description
One of the main ways to differentiate the three known flamingo genera is through the shape of the beak and the anatomy of the first toe bone, two features not preserved in Phoeniconaias siamensis. However the Li fossils could be referred to the genus Phoeniconaias based on the anatomy of the trochlea of the tarsometatarsus. The trochlea corresponding with the second toe shows an inner face that is elongated and not very round, while that of the third toe creates a sharp point due to it extending far beyond the outer intertrochlear notch. The size also matches the extant lesser flamingo, with P. siamensis being more robust than its modern relative and only slightly larger. Phoeniconaias siamensis is diagnosed by the following characteristics. On the supratendinal bridge of the tibiotarsus a large prominence is present. Large cotyla can be seen on the tarsometatarsus and the groove that receives the musculus fibularis is notably furrowed. The humerus bears a deep impression for the brachialis muscle and the ulna possesses a sharp tuberosity. The trochlea of the third toe shows the sharpened point typical for the genus and the distal foramen are located above the intertrochlear notch.
| 2.53125
| 0
|
71462637
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyothi%20Yarraji
|
Jyothi Yarraji
|
Jyothi Yarraji (; born 28 August 1999) is an Indian track and field athlete from Andhra Pradesh. She specializes in 100 metre hurdles and holds the Indian national record. She broke the long-standing record by Anuradha Biswal on 10 May 2022 clocking 13.23s . She has broken the record multiple times ever since.
Early life and education
Jyothi hails from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Her father Suryanarayana is a security guard and her mother works as a domestic help. She did her schooling at the Port High School in Visakhapatnam old city. She did her education in a college affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University. Later, she joined the Sports Authority of India hostel in Hyderabad and trained for two years under coach Olympian N Ramesh, who also received the Dronacharya award. Later, she moved to Guntur to join the Centre of Excellence. From 2019 onwards, she has been training under British coach James Hillier at the Reliance Athletics High-Performance Centre in Bhubaneswar.
Career
Jyothi's career highlight came when she won the silver medal in the 100m hurdles in the 2022 Asian Games at Hangzhou, China. Initially she was disqualified for a false start along with a Chinese athlete but was later allowed take the start. In the end after a review, Chinese athlete Wu Yanni was disqualified and the indian promoted to silver medal. In early 2023, she broke the national record for indoor 60 metres hurdles five times, apart from winning the Silver in the 2023 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships at Astanain Kazakhstan.
| 2.078125
| 0
|
71462849
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20Mack%20Thaxton
|
Hubert Mack Thaxton
|
Hubert Mack Thaxton (20 March 1909 – 3 January 1974) was an American nuclear physicist, mathematician, engineer, and the fourth African American person to earn a PhD in physics in the United States. Thaxton's research focused on proton scattering, which at the time was a largely unexplored area of study.
Early life and education
Hubert Mack Thaxton was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, on 20 March 1909, to Henry Thaxton and Sarah Jamison. He attended Dunbar High School in Lynchburg, which was then the segregated high school for Black students in the district. The school desegregated in 1962, and eventually transitioned to the Paul Laurence Dunbar Middle School for Innovation. Thaxton graduated from Dunbar in 1927.
Thaxton attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., for his undergraduate degree, and graduated with B.S. degrees in physics, mathematics, and chemistry in 1931. In 1933 he also earned M.S. degrees in physics and mathematics from Howard.
He then went on to pursue further graduate studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He received his first degree there in 1936, earning an M.A. in mathematics. Thaxton then went on to pursue his PhD in physics at Wisconsin, where he studied nuclear physics under theoretical nuclear physicist Gregory Breit. His thesis focused on the splitting of protons with protons, and was titled "Scattering of protons by protons."
Thaxton earned his doctoral degree in 1938, making him the fourth African American person in the United States to earn a PhD in physics. Thaxton was preceded by Dr. John McNeile Hunter (Cornell University, 1937), and followed by Dr. Herman Branson (University of Cincinnati, 1939) and Dr. Halson V. Eagleson (Indiana University Bloomington, 1939).
| 2.453125
| 0
|
71462956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atalie%20Unkalunt
|
Atalie Unkalunt
|
Early life and education
Atalie Unkalunt, which translates from Cherokee to Sunshine Rider in English, was known as Josie Rider to her white friends. She was born on June 12, 1895, on a farm near Stilwell, in the Going Snake District of the Cherokee Nation Indian Territory to Josephine (née Pace) and Thomas LaFayette Rider (Dom-Ges-Ke Un Ka Lunt). Thomas was a politician and served in the first, second, and fourth Oklahoma State House of Representatives for Adair County and in the seventh and eighth state legislatures as a Senator. Thomas and his children, Ola, Mary Angeline, Ruth Belle, Phoeba Montana, Mittie Earl, Roscoe Conklin, Milton Clark, Iva Josephine, Cherokee Augusta, and Anna Monetta Rider, are shown on the final Dawes Rolls for the Cherokee Nation, except the oldest and youngest, using their English names. He was the son of Mary Ann (née Bigby) and Charles Austin Augustus Rider, who walked the Trail of Tears, and maternal grandson of Margaret Catherine (née Adair) and Thomas Wilson Bigby. Josephine was a white woman, originally from Cherokee County, Georgia, whose family had fled Georgia during the American Civil War. She was known for her singing voice, which impacted Unkalunt's choice of career.
| 2.859375
| 0
|
71462956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atalie%20Unkalunt
|
Atalie Unkalunt
|
Death and legacy
Unkalunt died on November 6, 1954, at her home at 1410 M Street NW, Washington, D.C., after a heart attack. She was buried three days later at Cedar Hill Cemetery, in nearby Suitland, Maryland. At the time of her death, she was remembered as an authority on Native American folklore. In 1957, Umkalunt's nephew, Major T. L. Rider, donated a collection of her stage costumes and artifacts to the Indian Museum in Ponca City, Oklahoma. Among those items were her sand-painted piano, buckskin costumes, and beaded accessories. Seventy-five images of Unkalunt, which had been donated to the C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa by Mrs. Dale Hall, were given by Chucalissa to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation in 1978. The Heye collections were merged into the holdings of the Smithsonian Institution in 1990 and became part of the National Museum of the American Indian, which had been founded in 1989. Despite her prominence in life and her connection with other noted Native performers and leaders, Unkalunt's history was not studied by academics until the 21st century.
Works
| 2.390625
| 0
|
71463162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melika%20Balali
|
Melika Balali
|
Melika Balali (Persian:ملیکا بلالی; born 27 December 1999) is an Iranian-born Scottish wrestler, who won the British championship gold medals. Besides her wrestling career, she is a poet and painter who talks about women's rights in her work.
In July 2022, she became a British champion in freestyle wrestling and protested the compulsory hijab on the first platform, by raising a sign that read, "stop forcing hijab, I have the right to be a wrestler".
Biography
Melika Balali was born on 27 December 1999 in Shahr-e Kord in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, where she was also raised. In childhood, art and literature were her passion. She won the best poster design award at the Made in Arkansas Film Festival, for the short film "Limit" (2017) directed by Javad Dararei.
In 2019, she moved to the United States, and then later moved to Scotland where she started wrestling. She always loved freestyle wrestling but because of Islamic rules that govern Iran and force compulsory hijab any women don't have the right to do freestyle wrestling in Iran and they can't participate in International tournaments.
In her poems, she talks about poets and prisoners and women's rights; and illustrates women's suffering under gender discriminatory laws.
Exhibition of ‘The Buds of Exile’ at Millerntor Gallery
The painting ‘The Buds of Exile’ was showcased at the Millerntor Gallery in Hamburg, Germany, alongside works by artists from various countries, from July 13 to 16, 2023. Inspired by the resilience of individuals facing exile, particularly Golshifteh Farahani, the piece symbolizes the strength and determination of Iranian women in challenging circumstances, aiming to inspire hope and contemplation among viewers.
Death threats
Balali received death threats in June 2022 after protesting against the compulsory hijab, which resulted in Police Scotland implementing security measures for Balali after an investigation.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
71463307
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst-Albrecht%20Hildebrandt
|
Ernst-Albrecht Hildebrandt
|
Ernst-Albrecht Hildebrandt (31 May 1895 – 28 March 1970) was a Nazi German Police President and SS-Oberführer. During the Second World War, he was also an officer with the Waffen-SS and served as the SS and Police Leader (SSPF) in "Oberitalien-Mitte" (Central Upper Italy).
Early life
Hildebrandt was born in Offstein, the son of a ceramics factory director who also served for a time as the town mayor. He was the older brother of Richard Hildebrandt, who became an SS-Obergruppenführer and was executed in Poland as a war criminal in 1951.
After graduating from the gymnasium in Dorsten, Hildebrandt passed his abitur and, on the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, joined the Imperial German Army's 117th (3rd Grand Ducal Hessian) Life Infantry Regiment "Grand Duchess." Commissioned a Leutnant with the 56th (7th Westphalian) Infantry Regiment "Vogel von Falkenstein" in May 1915, he served in combat on the western front. He was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class and the Wound Badge, in black. From February 1917 to November 1919 he was a British prisoner of war. Formally discharged from the Reichswehr on 31 March 1920 with the rank of Oberleutnant, he studied economics for two semesters at Goethe University in Frankfurt. He served briefly in the Freikorps from 1922 to 1923. He was also active in 1923 in the Viking League, a paramilitary organization committed to the overthrow of the Weimar Republic. He belonged to the Nazi Party from 1922 until November 1923 when it was banned in the wake of the failed Beer Hall Putsch. At that time he was serving as an SA battalion adjutant in Coburg. He was employed until 1925 as a commercial clerk, then until 1928 as an auditor at the Mosaic and Wall Panel Association in Berlin and then as a self-employed tradesman until 1931.
| 1.960938
| 0
|
71463433
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipangu%20%28Vivier%29
|
Zipangu (Vivier)
|
Zipangu is a 1980 work for string orchestra by Canadian composer Claude Vivier. Inspired by traditional kabuki theatre, it is considered by many to be the composer's most aggressive and "unforgiving" piece, as it features a plethora of extended techniques for strings (i.e. snap pizzicato and bow overpressure) and denser harmonic content atop a complex melody, similar to the string compositions of Krzysztof Penderecki. A typical performance lasts around sixteen minutes.
History
Vivier visitied kabuki theatres in the Tokyo area during a 1976 voyage to Japan, and was struck by the ritual-like nature of both the music and physical performance. Zipangu was later written in 1980 as a Japanese-infused work for string orchestra, with elements of South Indian Carnatic music (dronal imitation of the tanbur, rhythmic tala, further raga manipulation and chalanata, etc.) — the name of the piece is taken from a former and antiquated exonym for Japan, roughly translated to mean "the land of sunrise".
The piece was completed in Vivier's Montreal apartment on 13 August 1980, and premiered on 4 April 1981, as part of the "New Music Concerts" program at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. The conductor, Robert Aitken, was a friend of Vivier's and had his endorsement to conduct the premiere.
Composition
Analysis
The piece begins with a senza vib. drone on the note E in the bass, cellos, violas, and seventh violin. The harmonics and timbral content of the drone gradually changes as Vivier calls for bow positions and pressure to slowly and repetitively move in a cycle. The composition's metre is entirely built around divisions of the quarter note; it has several measures in time, as well as , , , , and so on.
| 2.25
| 0
|
71463893
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crowd%20%28Lewis%29
|
The Crowd (Lewis)
|
The Crowd is a 1914–1915 abstract painting by the English artist Wyndham Lewis. It is an example of Vorticism, a modern art movement Lewis created. It was first exhibited in March 1915 with The London Group. At one point, it was known as Revolution, due to a misunderstanding that it was inspired by the 1917 October Revolution in Russia. Since 1964, it is in the collection of Tate in London.
Background
Wyndham Lewis painted The Crowd in 1914 or 1915, when he was involved in the British modern art movement Vorticism, of which he was the founder and leading figure. The crowd motif was inspired by the outbreak of World War I, which made him think about power and crowd manipulation. This was the subject of an article he wrote for the second issue of the Vorticist magazine Blast, published in July 1915, titled "The Crowd Master, 1914, London, July". He wrote that "THE CROWD is the first mobilisation of a country".
Description
The Crowd presents an abstract city with highrise buildings and small, heavily stylized human figures. At the top right is a group of structures reminiscent of industrial buildings. People scattered around the picture appear to climb upwards, away from the geometrical enclosure of the city, and towards the structures at the top. At the bottom left is a small group of larger although also stylized figures holding a flag. The Tate gallery label calls them ambiguous and says they "could represent overseers or be inciting the crowd to revolutionary action".
The painting has also been known under the name Revolution. This is because it is undated, and at one point was thought to have been inspired by the October Revolution in Russia of 1917. Stylistically, it appears to be from an earlier date, and it can be identified with Lewis' painting listed as The Crowd at The London Group's exhibition in March 1915. Few large Vorticist paintings survive. Many ended up destroyed, overpainted or have not been possible to trace.
| 2.34375
| 0
|
71464158
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Tsao
|
Robert Tsao
|
Robert Tsao Hsing-cheng (; born 24 February 1947) is a Taiwanese businessman best known as the founder of United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). He is a fine arts critic and collector.
Early life and education
Tsao was born in 1947 in Beijing. A year and a half later, he moved with his family to Taiwan because his father had taken a job there teaching Mandarin as part of a Kuomintang (KMT) campaign of sinicization in the former Japanese colony. He was one of six siblings. He attended National Taiwan University, majoring in electrical engineering and management.
Career
After finishing school, Tsao went to work at the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). He left ITRI to found UMC in 1980.
In 1988 he visited Beijing and met with Jiang Zemin.
In 2001, UMC moved into China by setting up Hejian Technology (Suzhou) Co. in Jiangsu. This led to Tsao being charged in 2005 with violating the Business Entity Accounting Act. He was found not guilty in 2010.
Tsao became disillusioned with China following the 2019 Yuen Long attack. Tsao recounted "At that time, I had dinner with a top Chinese official. He told me the way to proceed was to hire hooligans to work with police officers to beat up protesters, then Hong Kongers would not defy the Chinese government." The ensuing Yuen Long attack "showed the true face of the Chinese Communist Party, a hooligan regime conducting violence against ordinary people... If it cannot get its way, its solution is to hire hooligans to beat people up." He had been living in Hong Kong at the time and following the attacks he vowed to leave stating "People in Hong Kong used peaceful means at street events to express their views, but the Chinese government used cruel means of suppression, including beatings. It really made me angry. So I decided to never go to China, Hong Kong or Macau again."
| 2.078125
| 0
|
71464158
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Tsao
|
Robert Tsao
|
Art collection
Tsao is a noted art collector. He began collecting art in the 1990s with jadeite before expanding to archaic bronzes. After buying his first jade pieces Tsao did extensive research, discovering that all of the pieces he had bought were fakes.
In 2000, Tsao acquired a Qianlong period glass vase for a then record HK$24 million from Joseph Lau. In 2019 he sold the vase for HK$180 million.
Tsao was a patron of Zhu Dequn.
His collection is known as the Le Cong Tang collection.
Philanthropy
Following the 2022 US Congressional Delegation visit to Taiwan and aggressive Chinese military reaction toward Taiwan, Tsao pledged US$100 million to Taiwan's national defense in the interest of "safeguarding freedom, democracy, and human rights." It formerly aimed to train a civilian self-defense militia and sharpshooters, but due to strict Taiwanese gun laws, the later part could not proceed. Instead, it focused on funding the civil defense group Kuma Academy which provides training for first aid, disaster response, open-source intelligence analysis, and self-defense. In October 2024, the government of China's Taiwan Affairs Office said that it would sanction and "punish" Tsao and Puma Shen for their support of the academy.
Personal life
Tsao has two sons who hold Taiwanese citizenship.
In 2011, he moved to Singapore and renounced his Taiwanese citizenship. In 2022, Tsao renounced his Singaporean citizenship and reinstated his Taiwanese citizenship.
Tsao is a Buddhist and his faith was inspired by Master Sheng-yen.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.