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78949654	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20literature%20of%20the%20Laskaris%20and%20Palaiologos%20periods	Byzantine literature of the Laskaris and Palaiologos periods	Historians and polymaths The work of Choniates was continued after the recapture of Constantinople by George Akropolites (1217–1282), a scholar, ambassador, and chief logothete, who led the Byzantine delegation at the Council of Lyon. In his major work, History of Contemporary Events, Akropolites described events from 1203 to 1261, focusing on the histories of the Nicaean and Latin empires. His contemporary, Theodore Skoutariotes, metropolitan of Cyzicus, wrote a Review of History, a chronicle of humanity from the creation of the world to the restoration of the Byzantine Empire in 1261. At the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, Ephraim of Ainos wrote a poetic chronicle covering Roman emperors from Caligula (37 AD) to Michael VIII Palaiologos (1282). During the reign of Andronikos II Palaiologos, George Pachymeres (1243–c. 1310), a pupil of Akropolites, polymath, and high-ranking imperial official, wrote History of Contemporary Events, a 13-book historical work covering years from 1260 to 1308. In his work, Pachymeres dedicated considerable space to theological and doctrinal disputes, particularly the 1274 union of Lyon. He also wrote Quadrivium on the Byzantine education system, a treatise on Aristotelian philosophy, a paraphrase of the letters of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, as well as Life of Manuel Holobolos, rhetorical works, and 13 political speeches. A great scholar of the later period of Andronikos II's reign was Theodore Metochites (1270–1332), the son of George Metochites and grand logothete from 1321 to 1328. His major work, Various Writings, consists of 120 treatises on philosophy, history, and literary history. He also left behind 20 poetic works, hagiographical pieces, a Collection of Commentaries on Aristotle gathered from various philosophical textbooks, and a Foundation of Astronomy.	2.328125
78949654	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%20literature%20of%20the%20Laskaris%20and%20Palaiologos%20periods	Byzantine literature of the Laskaris and Palaiologos periods	Plethon's position provoked a fierce reaction. George of Trebizond (1395–1484) attacked Gemistos Plethon in his Comparationes philosopharum Aristotelis et Platonis (published in Venice, 1523), identifying Platonism as the source of Epicureanism, Origenism, and Arianism. In defense of Plethon, his student Bessarion (1408–1472), a Cardinal of the Roman Church, wrote In calumniatorem Platonis, defending Plato. However, Bessarion did not see Platonism as entirely opposed to Aristotelian philosophy; instead, he sought to revise extreme interpretations of both thinkers and harmonize their philosophies in the spirit of Plotinus. This approach significantly influenced the Platonic Academy. Another defender of Plato was John Argyropoulos (c. 1415–1487), the translator of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Porphyry's Isagoge and Peri Psychēs. Philosophically inclined towards Platonism, Argyropoulos revived the Platonic theory of ideas in his introduction to Porphyry, attributing them an existence independent of real things. In defense of Aristotelianism and opposing both Bessarion and Plethon – whom he accused of atheism – Gennadius Scholarius also contributed to the debate.	2.484375
78950341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietel%20Park	Dietel Park	In 1945, the park became a publicly accessible municipal park. Over time, the surrounding walls were demolished, and the park and its structures deteriorated. The Temple of Sibyl, which housed a café in the 1950s, was demolished around 1970. A significant part of the park was transformed due to the construction of new city sports facilities. In 1972, a sports and entertainment hall was opened, followed by an indoor swimming pool in 1977. The only structure that has survived in almost unchanged form to this day is the gloriette, which underwent a major renovation in 2022 and regained its pre-war appearance. On December 31, 1998, the Neo-Romantic park of Heinrich Dietl, along with the buildings associated with the former palace, was listed as a historical monument. Following a resolution by the Sosnowiec City Council on September 24, 2009, it was officially named "Dietel Park." Vegetation The park features approximately 60 species of trees and shrubs, the oldest of which are around 110 years old. Among them are rare specimens such as the two-colored beech, Paper birch, and Silver lime. There are also several massive trees, including a Silver maple, 6 London plane trees, an American basswood, Northern red oak, Large-leaved linden, Bur oak, Norway maple, and European ash. One of the more unique trees in the park is a Macedonian pine growing by the edge of the pond.	2.3125
78951292	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punyalata%20Chakraborty	Punyalata Chakraborty	Punyalata Chakraborty (10 September 1890 – 21 November 1974) was a Bengali children's literature writer. Her works includes Chhotobelar Dinguli, Chhoto Chhoto Golpo, Gachhpalar Katha and other. Punyalata Chakraborty's ancestral home was in Mosua of present-day Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. Her father was the famous children's author, musician, painter, and technologist Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury. Her mother, Bidhumukhi Devi, was the daughter of the social reformer Dwarkanath Ganguly of the Brahmo Samaj. Her elder brother (eldest sibling) was the renowned children's author and pioneer of nonsense literature in Bengali, Sukumar Ray. She had two younger brothers, Subinoy Ray and Subimal Ray, and two sisters, Sukhalata Rao and Shantilata. In 1909, while studying for her bachelor's degree, she married Deputy Magistrate Arunnath Chakraborty. She had two daughters, both of whom were accomplished. Her elder daughter, Kalyani Karlekar, was a notable social worker, professor of English literature, and author. Her younger daughter, Nalini Das (writer), was a distinguished educator, professor, principal, and children's literature writer. The famous social reformer Dwarkanath Ganguly was her maternal grandfather. Works Punyalata Chakraborty wrote many stories, novels, and translated works. Her books include: Chhotobelar Dinguli (Childhood Days) Chhoto Chhoto Golpo (Short Stories) Sadib Magic Gachhpalar Katha (Tales of Plants) Rajbari (The Palace, a novel)	2.234375
78951628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Somersal	Laura Somersal	Laura Fish Somersal (born Dolores Fish 1892 – 1990) was a Pomo - Wappo basket weaver, educator and the last speaker of the Wappo language. Biography Fish was born Dolores Fish in Geyserville, California on December 10, 1892. She was the daughter of Bill Fish, of the Southern Pomo tribe and Mary John Eli of the Wappo people. In 1915, she moved to the Dry Creek Rancheria, where her ancestors cultivated sedge for basketmaking in the Dry Creek Valley before the arrival of white settlers. Over the course of her lifetime, she was witness to the dwindling and near loss of her tribes, the land they called home in California's Sonoma Valley, and the traditional materials used to create the intricate baskets she became known for. Basketry Her cousin first taught her the Pomo basket weaving style at age eight. She would learn from elders in her community and grew her talent, eventually becoming one of the most talented Pomo basket weavers. In the late 1940s, she was recognized as one of the last Pomo basket weavers left on the Reservation, as many had left due to the living conditions. At the time, she noted there was little demand for her basketry, compared to the amount of labor they took to produce. To craft a traditional Pomo basket, Somersal would have to dig the roots of the sedge, soak, and dry them to shape before weaving. The tight weave of the Pomo baskets let them to a myriad of uses. Somersal recalled how her mother used the baskets for everything, including cooking acorn mush, gathering water and carrying babies. Despite little demand for the baskets, Somersal maintained the tradition, until interest in the skills began to grow. In 1979, she took her first airplane trip to New York to teach basketry at several museums in Manhattan, New York. She would then teach the craft to others at Sonoma State University, UC Berkeley and elsewhere, to preserve the ancient tradition. Somersal would often invite interested learners to her home at the Dry Creek Rancheria where she lived.	1.90625
78951698	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Semeuse	La Semeuse	La Semeuse is a type of coin designed and engraved by French numismatist Oscar Roty (1846–1911). Its design, created in 1897 for use on the silver coins of the French Third Republic, reused in 1960 for the new francs, has become one of the three symbols, along with the bust of Marianne and the Tree of Liberty, chosen by France to appear on the national side of the Euro. The obverse of this type represents a barefoot woman walking through a plain, dressed in a flowing gown and apron; wearing a Phrygian cap, she carries a large sack in one hand and sows with the other, while the sun rises on the horizon and the wind blows; facing to the left, she seems to be sowing against the wind. This motif is in the Art Nouveau style. Oscar Roty also designed the reverse of the Semeuse type: a torch made of olive branches. 1897 issue The "Ceres" type, which appeared on coins from the Second French Republic, and was then reused by the French Third Republic after the interruption of the Empire, was becoming outdated. It was on the initiative of the Minister of Finance Paul Doumer that Oscar Roty, a renowned artist of the time, was selected in late November 1895 to design a new symbol of the Republic for silver coins. In 1897, the first 50 centime Semeuse coins were met with immediate success among the public. The theme of the Semeuse, wearing the Phrygian cap, was treated in a way that was innovative for coins of the time. A 5 franc coin, whose first trials were struck as early as 1897, could not be issued due to the agreement binding France to the Latin Monetary Union: no 5 franc coins had been struck since 1879, due to the instability of silver prices and the high cost of minting. From 1914 onwards, official silver (and bronze) coins almost ceased to circulate as they were hoarded by individuals. To address this shortage of coins, local authorities, chambers of commerce, merchants, etc., issued emergency currency. However, the minting of silver Semeuse coins continued until 1920, without slowing down.	2.4375
78951718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20III%27s%20Breton%20campaign	Edward III's Breton campaign	By the end of 1341 the Montfortist cause was being supported by Edward III as an extension of the war with France. However, English reinforcements took a long time to arrive. A small force, 234 men, arrived under Sir Walter Mauny in May 1342 and relieved the siege of Hennebont. Edward planned to land in Brittany himself in June with a substantial force, but had extreme difficulty in assembling ships. Admiral of the North Robert Morley applied draconian measures to impress and retain ships; however, they took time to have effect. William of Northampton was supposed to sail from Portsmouth on 8 July 1342 in command of the first contingent of the English army, 1,350 men, but on that date not a single requisitioned ship was present. Morley's heavy-handed policy of threats and confiscations eventualy bore fruit, and 440 ships were assembled, split between several ports with the largest group in the Solent. Even this fleet would have to make several trips if it were to carry the total of 6,000 men Edward wished to deploy to Brittany. Contrary winds caused the English departure to be repeatedly put back. In May 1342 Clement VI became pope. He was strongly pre-French and had previously been one of Philip's senior advisor's. He despatched two cardinals to attempt a permanent settlement of the Anglo-French war; they were well received by Philip in June, but Edward would not even allow them to cross the Channel. Instead he continued to gather ships and troops. Meanwhile, the flow of events went against the Montfortists in the face of the huge military superiority of the French. By July Joanna had been forced back to the far west of Brittany and was besieged in the port of Brest, the only remaining fortified place still held by her faction. Charles of Blois and a large army had invested the town and mercenary galleys, hired from Genoa, blockaded it from the sea.	2.5
78951718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20III%27s%20Breton%20campaign	Edward III's Breton campaign	By mid-August there were 140 transports in Portsmouth, with 120 warships to escort them, waiting for a fair wind. Charles was aware that the English fleet was on the verge of sailing and sent twenty-one French vesselsgalleys and other oared vesselsto trap those English ships waiting to leave the Solent. The wind shifted and the English sailed for Brest on 14 and 15 August. The French squadron despatched by Charles arrived off the Solent a little later, losing their chance of trapping the English fleet. Instead they razed Portsmouth and devastated the area around Southampton. Brest was on the brink of surrender when the English arrived on 18 August. Their fleet took the Genoese by surprise, defeated them and burnt most of their ships. The 1,350 fighting men carried by the fleet constituted a force far smaller than that of the French besieging Brest. Nevertheless, seeing so many English ships crowded into the Brest Roads and the English vanguard disembarking onto the beach, they anticipated an attack by a vast host. Charles promptly broke off the siege, abandoned western Brittany and withdrew to Guingamp. Here he concentrated his forces and called up local levies.	2.296875
78951764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shilpacharya%20Zainul%20Folk%20and%20Craft%20Museum	Shilpacharya Zainul Folk and Craft Museum	Shilpacharya Zainul Folk and Craft Museum, a museum established by the Bangladesh Folk Arts and Crafts Foundation to preserve the ancient heritage of Bangladesh, is located in Sonargaon, near Dhaka. History In an effort to develop the folk cultural trend of rural Bengal, Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin established the Bangladesh Folk and Crafts Foundation on March 12, 1975, in an old house in the historic Panam city of Sonargaon. Later, in 1981, in a complex covering an area of 150 bighas, artist Zainul Abedin attempted to build this museum in an open environment to showcase the artistic activities of the common people of rural Bangladesh, centered on the nature and environment of Bengal, and the Bangladesh Folk and Crafts Foundation complex was shifted to the almost 100-year-old Sardar's house. Overview The Folk and Crafts Museum is located in the Bangladesh Folk Arts and Crafts Foundation area in Sonargaon. It houses the handicrafts of the illiterate artists of neglected rural Bengal and everyday products of public life. These artefacts reveal the traditional folk art of ancient Bengal at that time.	2.265625
78952230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Benton%20Jr.	Jesse Benton Jr.	1824 to Texas According to historian Thomas Abernethy, there were a number of Tennesseans "who would not bend the knee" to Andrew Jackson, including Jesse Benton, Boyd McNairy, John Williams, James Jackson, Wilkins Tannehill, and Newton Cannon. In August 1824 Benton listed himself as a candidate to be a presidential elector for William H. Crawford, and then in October 1824 recommitted himself to the apparently more viable candidate Henry Clay. Also in October 1824 he "issued a pamphlet villifying Jackson. This was circulated all over the country, but particularly in Tennessee and North Carolina." The pamphlet and a similar broadside charged Jackson with nepotism, corruption, and grossly abusive behavior to subordinates and his supporters described it as "scurrilous." According to historian Louis Harlan, the pamphlet "accused the General of 'every known offense against Divine and human laws,' among other things, of bulldozing and corruption in the Senate election of 1823, of speculation in Florida lands and the salt lick reservation, and barbaric personal conduct." William Berkeley Lewis, one of Jackson's circle of political promoters, wrote an point-by-point rebuttal in anonymous letter form that was published in the for the Philadelphia Columbia Observer on September 20, 1824. Benton was beaten in the race for elector by Nathaniel Dyer. Apparently Jackson and Benton had another physical fight at the "old Bell tavern in Memphis," probably sometime in the 1820s, which Jackson this time won. Thomas Hart Benton was eventually reconciled to Jackson and became one of his key allies in the U.S. Senate. Jesse Benton and Thomas Hart Benton became and remained partially or totally estranged over the Senator's alliance with Jackson.	2.109375
78952230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Benton%20Jr.	Jesse Benton Jr.	Westward As of 1835, Benton was hanging out his shingle as a lawyer in Mississippi, advertising himself as a resident of Madisonville, Mississippi, "who proposes to practice law in the Circuit and Probate Courts of Madison county, the Circuit Courts of Hinds, Yazoo, Holmes, and Attala, also, he will attend the High Court of Errors and Appeals, the Superior Court of Chancery, and the U. S. District Court, at Jackson." Benton was part of a group that traveled together from Nacogdoches, Texas in 1836, several of whom, including Davey Crockett, were later killed defending the Alamo from the Mexican Army. Benton, Peter Harper, and H. S. Kimble separated the group at Washington, Texas, rather than continuing on to San Antonio. Early reports about the Battle of the Alamo erroneously reported that Benton had been killed with Davey Crockett and James Butler Bonham. A scrawled note on an 1829 letter written by Benton that is held in the San Jacinto Museum manuscript collection reads, "The gamest man I ever saw, killed in the Alamo, Texas, 1835." On April 21, 1836, the Arkansas Gazette newspaper reported, "The previous report of the death of Col. Jesse Benton is incorrect. Mr. [Jesse B.] Badgett saw him near Nacogdoches about the 25th, on his way to Jonesborough, Miller county, in this Territory, where a volunteer company was organizing, and with whom he intended marching for the seat of war." A letter written by Benton was published in a Memphis newspaper after the battle:	2.125
78952314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobates%20algorei	Allobates algorei	Allobates algorei, the spotted nurse frog, is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat This diurnal, terrestrial frog lives in riparian primary forest habitats. It has shown some tolerance to habitat disturbance. Scientists have observed the frog between 400 and 1185 meters above sea level. The frog's range includes some protected parks in, for example Páramos de Batallón y La Negra National Park, Chorro El Índio National Park, and El Tamá National Park in Venezuela and Tamá National Natural Park in Colombia. However, an 150-hour survey of Tamá National Natural Park did not result in any reports of A. algorei frogs there. Reproduction Male frogs hide in the dead leaves on the ground, under rocks, or in dense vegetation and call to the female frogs. Scientists infer that the female frog lays eggs on land and that, after the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water, as in other species in this genus. Threats Venezuela's Fauna Red List classifies this frog as least concern of extinction and the IUCN Red List classifies this frog as near threatened. Its principal threat is habitat loss in favor of small-scale agriculture. The frog faces pollution from agrochemicals and loss of stream habitat from irrigation. Scientists also detected the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on some of specimens, but they did not see any signs of the fatal disease chytridiomycosis. Original publication	2.859375
78952493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayinampudi%20Srilakshmi	Ayinampudi Srilakshmi	Ayinampudi Srilakshmi is a Telugu poet and writer. She has been serving as an announcer at All India Radio Hyderabad for over two and a half decades. Srilakshmi has authored numerous articles, books, and poems. She has also created several documentaries. She has hosted various programs on cinema and conducted interviews with renowned personalities on All India Radio. In 2020, she received the Telangana State Excellence Award for Women-2020 from the Government of Telangana for her contribution to literature. Biography She was born on 15 August 1967 in Bodhan, Nizamabad district. Her ancestors migrated from Andhra Pradesh in the 1940s. She graduated in science from Giriraj College, pursued a master’s degree in Political Science from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, and completed a B.Ed. from Osmania University. She currently works as a government employee at All India Radio Hyderabad as an announcer. Srilakshmi has a profound interest in poetry and filmmaking. She has published several articles, books, and poems on diverse topics, including fine arts and cinema. Literary Contributions She began her literary journey during her school days, writing poetry and editing the school magazine. In 2000, she served as an editorial member of the special issue of Indur magazine. She has written reviews of works by various poets and authors in Yojana and Prajashakti. She published Alalavaana in 2001 and Drukkonam (Visual Images) in 2003. In 2011, she published a long poem titled Life@Charminar, introducing a new literary form called a docu-poem. This work won the Special Jury Award at the 5th Kafiso National Film Festival. Her poem Vennela Dukhham won the Ranjani Kundurti Award on 18 January 2012. Works Poetry Collections Alalavaana Drukkonam Darwaza Meeda Chandamama Kavithvame O Galaxy Long Poems Life@Charminar Wounded Heart (translated into English as Monologue of a Wounded Heart and into Kannada as Gayagunda Hrudaya Swagatha) Epistolary Literature Kotha Premalekhalu (New Love Letters)	1.921875
78952542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20Osenberg	Werner Osenberg	Torpedo research In 1938, Osenberg was appointed to the chair of machine tools at the Technical University of Hanover. There he established a development department for the Navy and an office of the . In 1942, Osenberg was appointed head of the research, invention and patent department of the Oberkommando der Marine. A model torpedo test station with a tank measuring was designed. In this tank, the was tested, as well as a device for artificially generating disturbances in torpedo test projectiles, a torpedo with a fin to prevent heeling, and a method for creating deliberate disturbances in the course of a torpedo. In addition, Osenberg was appointed by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy to record unused or under-utilized research capacities for use by the Navy. For this purpose, Osenberg's employees in Hanover created an extensive index. This preliminary work was probably the reason why Osenberg was appointed head of the planning office of the Reich Research Council, because such a research index was an important basis for the required tasks. The Planning Office of the Reich Research Council The reorganized Reich Research Council (RFR) was founded in Berlin in 1942. Its aim was to align state and university research more closely with the requirements of warfare. The president of the RFR was Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, whose political power was beginning to decline at the time. A comprehensive organization was planned for the RFR with 17 department heads and 20 representatives, who would be supported by technical colleges, universities, institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society and others. In June 1943 the Planning Office was also created. This was hidden in Lindau am Harz from October 1943 to April 1945. Its postal address was Northeim, PO Box 148. Göring appointed Werner Osenberg as head of this planning office. Its tasks were summarized in five guidelines.	2.6875
78953147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral%20Emblems	Moral Emblems	This endeavor was not, however, crowned with success. In an article published in 1888 by the Fort Worth Daily Gazette, American poet and critic Louise Chandler Moulton expresses her desire to own the Davos booklets, about which she knew nothing before being inspired by Gosse's article. Soon, these original editions with small print runs became highly sought after. In a memoir dedicated to Stevenson, published in 1905, Alexander Hay Japp, one of the recipients of the original editions, describes them as: Popularization by Joseph Pennell Joseph Pennell was the first to "reveal to the world" Stevenson’s “undiscovered” work as an illustrator, reproducing some examples, two years after Stevenson’s death but two years before facsimiles were published in the last volume of the Edinburgh edition, in an article published in 1896 in The Studio Magazine. Pennell also points out the rarity of the original editions of these works, which he regards as "among the greatest curiosities of modern English literature," noting that the British Museum itself only possesses two, adding that he knows no one who has managed to obtain a complete collection. Unlike Gosse, who sees in the Moral Emblems the expression of a “severe morality” reminiscent of the Westminster Catechism, Pennell appreciates the dimension of enjoyment and humor in Stevenson’s project, which, in his view, is “neither serious, nor pompous, nor heavy, nor pretentious, but, like all his work, cheerful, bright, full of life and energy, and honest.” Pennell emphasizes Stevenson’s ongoing interest in illustration. He believes the engraving works from Davos are “closely related” to the drawings Stevenson made during his 1878 journey through the Cévennes: he finds the same “attentive and intelligent” observation of nature and highlights similarities between the treatment of rocks and trees in the 1878 drawings and the engravings of 1882.	2.125
78953354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heine%20Jenssen	Heine Jenssen	Heine Jenssen (born 31 December 1969) is a Norwegian footballer who mostly played as a defender for Hamarkameratene, including four seasons in the Eliteserien. Jenssen grew up in Eidsvoll and started his career as a striker in Eidsvold Turn. He was drafted into Eidsvold Turn’s senior squad ahead of the 1986 season. Representing Norway as a youth international, his first international goal came during the Nordic tournament in the summer of 1985, where he scored the fifth goal in a 7–2 routing of Iceland U15. Contesting the 1986 UEFA European Under-16 Championship the following year, Jenssen also won the Tom Lund scholarship and was rewarded with a trial at a European academy. Youth national team coach Svein Arne Sigernes orchestrated a trial at Bayer Leverkusen together with Terje Olsen. The latter was even offered a contract. Jenssen scored his second international goal in 1988, and was a candidate for Norway’s 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship squad, but was ultimately not selected, and did not play internationally again. While playing for Eidsvold Turn on the fourth tier, there were minor inquiries from Strømmen IF and Alvdal IL regarding transfer possibilities. Ahead of the 1989 season, Jenssen moved to second-tier team Hamarkameratene. The team had shown their interest in Jenssen, and also boasted two other players from Eidsvoll, Tom Fodstad and Hallgeir Finbråten. In Hamkam, Jenssen was repurposed from striker to fullback or wing-back. Hamkam won promotion in 1991, and survived a relegation playoff in 1992. Jenssen lost large parts of 1992 due to injury, but was intent on signing a new contract after his current one expired at the end of 1992. In the 1993 Eliteserien, Hamkam survived again, whereas his former teammate Hallgeir Finbråten played for Lyn who struggled.	2.046875
78953587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dion%C3%BDz%20%C5%A0t%C3%BAr	Dionýz Štúr	Dionysus Rudolphus Josephus (Dionýz Štúr) (2 April 1827 – 9 October 1893) was a Slovak geologist and paleontologist who worked as the director of the Reich Geological Institute in Vienna. He dealt with geological mapping and phytopaleontology of Austria, Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia. Štúr's research played a decisive role in the fundamental systematic geological exploration of the Alps, especially the Tauern. Life Štúr was born on 2 April 1827 in Beckov into a family of teachers. His father was Jozef Štúr, who taught him in primary school and his mother was Jana (Johanka) née Riznerová. His remote family included the politician and revolutionary Ľudovít Štúr, who was his second cousin. Štúr had three older siblings. Two died in infancy, Karol Štúr and Ľudovít Jozef Štúr. The third sibling was Karolína Štúrová. Education Štúr undertook his secondary education at a grammar school in Modra, when his family moved there when he was 12. He then attended Protestant Lyceum in Bratislava, for a period. In 1844, he matriculated at the Vienna Polytechnic where he studied mathematics and natural sciences. He was particularly influenced by the work of the Austrian geologists Wilhelm von Haidinger and Franz Ritter von Hauer that led him in 1846 to begin studying geology, mineralogy and geognosy at the mineral collection of the court chamber of the coin and mining industry in Vienna (Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen). The experience led him to receive a scholarship in 1847 to study at the Minining Academy in Banská Štiavnica. Career In 1849, Reich Geological Institute in Vienna was established with von Haidinger leading it. In 1850, Štúr became assistant geologist to von Haidinger, when he finished his studies. Publications The following is Štúr's most important papers:	2.390625
78954407	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabish%20Mehdi	Tabish Mehdi	Tabish Mehdi (3 July 1951 – 22 January 2025) was an Indian poet specialising in naʽat, a literary critic, journalist, and author who made contributions to Urdu literature. His literary career spanned several decades, during which he worked in the fields of poetry, literary criticism, and research. His writings have been described by some commentators as reflecting intellectual depth and creativity. Mehdi's work has been acknowledged for its role in Urdu literary circles. Early life and education Tabish Mehdi was born on 3 July 1951 in Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. He completed his Junior Primary School examination in 1964 from District Board Pratapgarh. In 1966 and 1967, he studied Tajweed and Qira'at Saba'a at Madrasa Subhania, Allahabad, and Madrasa Taleem-ul-Quran, Hasanpur, Moradabad, respectively. In 1970, he passed the Maulvi (Arabic) examination from the Arabic and Persian Board, Allahabad. In 1978 and 1980, he passed the Munshi (Persian) and Kamil (Persian) examinations, respectively. In 1971, he obtained the Aalim-e-Deeniyat (Urdu) degree from Jamia Deeniyat, Deoband, and in 1977 and 1985, he earned the Adeeb Mahir and Adeeb Kamil (Urdu) qualifications from Jamia Urdu, Aligarh. Finally, in 1989, he completed an M.A. in Urdu from Agra University, and in 1997, he earned a Ph.D. in Urdu criticism from Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi. His literary mentors included Shahbaz Amrohi (disciple of Afaq Kazmi), Bilali Aliabadi (disciple of Shafiq Jaunpuri), Sarosh Machhlishahri (student of Arzoo Lakhnavi), Abu-al-Wafa Arif Shahjahanpuri (disciple of Riyaz Khairabadi), and Amir Usmani. Career	1.976563
78954407	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabish%20Mehdi	Tabish Mehdi	Teaching career In July 1971, Mehdi began his teaching career at Abul Kalam Azad College, Pratapgarh, where he served until July 1973. From January 1974 to June 1978, he taught at Darul Uloom Amroha. Later, he worked as a teacher at Jamiatul Falah Arabic College, Bilariaganj, Azamgarh, from June 1986 to April 1990. From April 2018 until his death, he taught Tajweed and Qira'at at the Islamic Academy, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, Delhi. Journalism Mehdi served as the editor of several publications, including the fortnightly Paigham-e-Haq (Pratapgarh), Ijtima (Deoband), and Al-Iman (Deoband). He was also an associate editor for magazines such as Gul Kada (Sahaswan, Budaun), Zikra (Rampur), Tajalli (Deoband), Zindagi-e-Nau (New Delhi), and Aiwan-e-Urdu (Delhi Urdu Academy). Additionally, he worked as a guest editor for Kitab Numa (Delhi). From April 2002 until his death, he was a member of the editorial board of Peshraft (Delhi), and from January 2005 onwards, he served as an honorary advisor and editorial board member for the quarterly Karwan-e-Adab (Lucknow). Affiliation with academic and literary institutions From June 1991 to 3 July 2009, Mehdi worked as an editor at Markazi Maktaba Islami Publishers, New Delhi. He was a founding member of Abul Kalam Azad Inter College (Pratapgarh) and Idara Adab-e-Islami Hind. He was also a member of the Islamic Literary Society (India) and Darul Dawah Educational Foundation (Delhi). Additionally, he served as the chairman of Adabiat-e-Aaliya Academy (Lucknow), a former vice-president of Idara Adab-e-Islami Hind, and an honorary advisor and editorial board member of the quarterly Karwan-e-Adab (Lucknow).	1.914063
78954829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20White%20%28composer%29	Barbara White (composer)	Barbara White (born December 3, 1965) is an American composer, clarinetist, and musicologist. A 2003 Guggenheim Fellow, she has released four albums, all but one of which she performs as the clarinetist, and she is a professor of music at Princeton University. Biography Barbara White was born on December 3, 1965, in Boston, Massachusetts. She obtained her BA (1987) from Radcliffe College and MA (1994) and PhD (1997) from University of Pittsburgh; her doctoral dissertation was titled Music Drama on the Concert Stage: A Study of Judith Weir's "The Consolations of Scholarship". During her early career, White was awarded a 1995 American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Young Composer Award, as well as both a 1997 Charles Ives Prize and Pennsylvania Council on the Arts Interdisciplinary Arts Award. Richard Buell of the Boston Globe said that her 1999 composition "No Man's Land" "took us back to the dear dead days of multiphonics and the modish unleasing of "new" tone colors, particularly from instruments you didn't think had a single chord to declare". She was later a 1999-2000 Continental Harmony Composer-in-Residence and a 2000 New Jersey State Council on the Arts Fellow, as well as a 2000-2001 Harvard Radcliffe Institute Bunting Fellow.	2.1875
78954829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20White%20%28composer%29	Barbara White (composer)	In The New York Times review of Speculum Musicae's 2002 concert at Merkin Hall, Paul Griffiths praised White's piece "Learning to See" as "a real discovery" because "she writes no more notes than she needs, and she has a way of making straightforward quotations (from Varése, Stravinsky and others) her own". In 2002, her composition album When the Smoke Clears was released; it later received a re-release from New World Records in 2007. Payton MacDonald of the American Record Guide said of the album: "Barbara White creates energetic and kinetic music, reflecting her interest in performing and martial arts ... White takes advantage of the timbral possibilities and comes up with some welcome colors. She's also not a bad performer". In 2003, she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in music composition. In 2004, she released her another album, Apocryphal Stories. In 2013, White's opera Weakness, based on the Irish mythological story Ces Ulad, was released as part of the album White: Weakness – Cowan: Macha by Albany Records; Barry Kilpatrick called the album's music "strange but fascinating", noting that "it fits perfectly with this very strange story". In 2021, she released Farewell to Music, a shakuhachi album featuring Riley Lee. White has been a member of the Princeton University faculty since 1998, when she became assistant professor of music there before eventually becoming full professor. She was the Harold Willis Dodds University Preceptor from 2001 to 2004. Her academic work focuses on the relationship between culture and the basics of music, with examples including art, dance, and film, and she has published several articles in scholarly journals. She teaches composition and music theory in Princeton. As of 2018, White lived in Princeton, New Jersey. Discography	2
78955336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Anglo%E2%80%93Ashanti%20War	Second Anglo–Ashanti War	Conflict In 1863, after 30 years of peace between the Ashanti and the British, the First Anglo–Ashanti War, the second war began when Ashanti forces pursue a fugitive into British–controlled territory. The war was a fiasco for Britain. A small force of 400 men of the West India Regiment was scraped together from the other settlements, but their commander was too timid to attack the Ashanti. The governor tried to rally resistance, but he fell ill. When the last message was sent, roving parties of Ashantis had already pillaged and burnt some thirty villages, in addition to killing several hundreds of their inhabitants. Governor Pine at once made known the state of affairs to the English Government, and requested that an expedition be sent to for ever quell the troublesome Ashantis, but to his great disappointment this wished-for help was refused. On 21 May, a released Fanti prisoner arrived bearing a message to the Governor from the Ashanti general, and bringing two canes. Awusu Koko said that he had no quarrel with the English or Fantis, but had been sent to recover the fugitives. If the Governor would surrender them he must choose the shorter cane, but if he declined, he must choose the longer cane, and the war would continue. The Governor sent Prince Ansa to the Ashanti general to say he would only negotiate with a properly accredited messenger from the King, that his army must withdraw from the Protectorate, and compensation must be paid for all damage done. Awusu, afraid of the rain and disease, decided to act on the Governor's advice, and recrossed the Pra, after laying waste the whole country on the line of march. Governor Pine was now convinced that a decisive blow must be struck at the power of Ashanti before peace and prosperity could be established on the Gold Coast.	2.78125
78955336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Anglo%E2%80%93Ashanti%20War	Second Anglo–Ashanti War	On 20 May 1864, Sir John Pakington denounced the proposed invasion of Ashanti as 'wild and visionary... hopeless and impossible'. Only three days later, Edward Cardwell, the Colonial Secretary, cancelled the operations. Sir John Hay's motion of censure failed on 17 June, but its import was not lost on Cardwell. On the day after the debate he made it known that a commissioner would besent to make a full inquiry in West Africa. On 23 June he issued an order that British troops could not be used against future Ashanti attacks. If the protectorate was to continue, the governor was to confine his efforts to encouraging the chiefs to unite and providing arms and advice. They were then withdrawn to be quartered at Cape Coast. Aftermath The Ashanti twice defeated the Anglo–Fante troops, however the war ended in a stalemate as a result of rampant disease among the troops of both sides. The war dealt a blow at the Gold Coast protectorate in 1864. The Lagos Colony, over 300 miles away to the east, was also affected. On the day Cardwell called off the Ashanti expedition, he also cancelled an 'energetic policy' which he had recently approved in the Yoruba states on the mainland. Lagos underwent the same critical scrutiny as the Gold Coast as a result of this war.	2.28125
78955578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruelle%20Foundry	Ruelle Foundry	In June 1723, Claude-André de la Tache and his wife Marie Respigeac bought the paper mill of Ruelle from the Lord of Ruelle and others. In June 1750, Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, lieutenant-general of Saintonge and Angoumois and his brother the Chevalier de Monalembert bought the paper mill from André de la Tache and Jean-André de la Boissière, who held it as a fief from the lord of Ruelle. The price was a perpetual rent of 365 livres a year. On the foundations of the paper mill, the marquis established a foundry for casting big cannon. In 1752, he got a permit to cut down 4,800 arpents of forest over a period of nine years in the woods of Braconne north east of Ruelle. The government gets involved In 1755, the French government took possession of the foundry. After 16 years, the Marquis de Montalembert succeeded in getting recognition of his rights as lord of the foundry on 20 September 1772. However, the government immediately forced him to rent it out to the state for 20,000 livres a year plus a sum for the previous expropriation. In 1774, the Marquis d'Artois (later king Charles X of France) bought the lordship over the foundries of Ruelle and Forge-Neuve for 300,000 livres. In this transaction, the machinery and other movable possessions of the companies were estimated at 60,000 livres. In 1776, the king of France took possession of both foundries. In return he gave the count of Artois three forrests in the Champagne region, those of Vassy, Saint-Dizier, and Sainte-Menehould. This was a very profitable exchange for the counts. After the state took control, the foundry was first managed by directors, later by businessmen who rented the mill from the state. The underlying perpetual rent of 365 livres was paid right up to 1790.	2.375
78955583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Abdel%20Latif	Mohamed Abdel Latif	Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Latif (born 20 June 1972) is the current Minister of Education of Egypt in Mostafa Madbouly’s second ministry. Early life and education Abdel Latif was born in Cairo in June 1972. He is the son of Nermin Ismail, the owner of NIS and the daughter of Ahmed Ismail, a commander of the 1973 war. At the age of 13, he travelled to the United States to complete his studies. He worked as a waiter in restaurants and a newspaper seller. Abdel Latif obtained a master’s degree in educational development from Lawrence University in the United States in 2012, and a doctorate from Cardiff City University in the United States. Career Mohamed Abdel Latif served as a member of the Board of Directors of the “Future International” company working in the field of education. He was the Executive Director of the Nermin Ismail Schools Group, and the Managing Director of the “Advances Education” Company for the equivalency of American school certificates. On 3 July 2024, Mohamed Abdel Latif was elected as the minister of Education of Egypt and made many changes in the educational system of Egypt. He proposed a new "Egyptian Baccalaureate Certificate System" designed to reduce the academic burden on students and align with international educational standards.	2.09375
78956395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Hulst%20%281702%29	Siege of Hulst (1702)	The arrival of La Mothe at Sint Jansteen on 30 August with 4 battalions of infantry and a regiment of dragoons did little to aid the French. Their advance towards Hulst was effectively halted by the intense fire from a Dutch battery of 15 guns stationed at the outer fortification De Verrekijker. Despite steadily increasing their numbers—eventually amassing around 20 battalions before Hulst—the French still deemed their forces insufficient. They requested reinforcements from the main army, and on 1 September, a detachment under D'Usson, consisting of 6 battalions and 6 squadrons, was dispatched from Lier towards Flanders. However, it is unlikely that these additional troops would have made any difference in a siege where the approaches to the fortress were few and extremely narrow. In the end, Vauban and Bedmar did not even wait for D'Usson's arrival. After Vauban informed Louis of the additional supplies and reinforcements required for a formal siege, the King ordered its termination. On 2 September, the French high command decided to lift the siege. Dutch sources contradict this, stating that the retreat was not ordered until 5 September and that, during the night of 3–4 September, a failed French assault on De Voorkijk resulted in heavy casualties. Aftermath	2.25
78956636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne%20Druet	Eugène Druet	He continued to photograph art, especially paintings. He thus sold paintings and his own photographs in his gallery. This idea to sell reproductions of paintings which he was exhibiting allowed him to make extra profits. Guillaume Apollinaire wrote that the photographs at the galerie Druet "reproduce in a completely satisfactory way famous paintings from Leonardo da Vinci to Maurice Denis via Titian, Ingres, Toulouse-Lautrec and Cézanne". he became recognised in art circles - for example, on 2 March 1913 he assisted in the major auction of works from the La peau de l'ours collection in rooms 7 and 8 of the hôtel Drouot, where he acted as an expert alongside Josse and Gaston Bernheim-Jeune. Between 1903 and 1938 his gallery exhibited nearly 1300 artists, including Georges Manzana-Pissarro, Charles Camoin, Henri Manguin, Théo van Rysselberghe, Odilon Redon Albert Marquet, Léon Lehmann, Maurice Denis, Jacqueline Marval, Paul Cézanne, Fernand Labat, Jules Cavaillès, Jean Fernand-Trochain and Maurice Georges Poncelet. He died in Paris of brain congestion in 1916. after his death his wife ran the gallery until 1938, when it closed. His archive of 30,000 plates were bought by François Antoine Vizzavona, himself a photographer of art and publisher. As a photographer Druet used Lumière autochrome plates to produce some of his photographs. He mostly used the 9.12 cm formats, but also the 13.18 cm and 18.24 cm. His talent even gave his name to the Druet process.	2.546875
78957832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaili%20Centre%2C%20Dubai	Ismaili Centre, Dubai	Adjacent to the centre, the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) has developed a 3,000 square metre park, which was designed by renowned landscape architect Maher Stino, who also designed the 74-acre Al-Azhar Park in Cairo, Egypt, another AKTC project. Purpose The main purpose of the centre is to encourage mutual exchange and understanding between diverse peoples, communities and faiths. Each building incorporates spaces for social and cultural gatherings, intellectual engagement and reflection, as well as spiritual contemplation. Through its design and function, the centre reflects a mood of humility, forward outlook, friendship and dialogue. The centre offers a range of cultural and educational activities. It has been built over an area of about 13,000 square meters and also houses an early learning centre which has intake capacity of 225 children. The centre will provide facilities to promote cultural, educational and social programmes from the broadest, non-denominational perspective within the ethical framework of Islam. In October 2021, Ismaili Centre Dubai hosted the second Annual Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) Diplomatic Luncheon. The event brought together representatives of various diplomatic missions in the UAE from more than 32 countries, along with representatives from numerous international agencies such as UNICEF, Fatima Bint Mohamed Bin Zayed Initiative, Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government, Dubai Cares amongst others.	2.5625
78958258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awa%20Khaled%20Rashid%20Uddin%20Ahmad	Awa Khaled Rashid Uddin Ahmad	Awa Khaled Rashid Uddin Ahmad (, ; 1884–1959) was a prominent Islamic scholar, politician, social reformer, and spiritual leader; he was also known as Pir Badshah Miah. A fourth-generation descendant of Haji Shariatullah, he assumed responsibility for the Bahadurpur sufi lodge and the Faraizi movement after his father's death in 1906. Early Life Badshah Miah was born in 1884 in the village of Bahadurpur, under Shibchar Thana, in the Madaripur Mahakuma of the then Bengal Presidency, British India, to Khan Bahadur Syed Uddin. In 1887, Badshah Miah began learning the Arabic language from his father and studied Qaida Baghdadi under Qari Syed Ahmad at his home. He learned the recitation of the Quran from Qari Mohammad Shaheb at the madrasa founded by his father. Later, he continued his studies up to the eighth grade under Babu Gurudev Poddar at his home. In 1897, he enrolled in Dhaka Mohsinia Madrasa, where he completed the Jamiaat-e-Fazil degree. He mastered Arabic, Urdu, Persian, and English. Career In 26 December 1906, to promote modern education among Muslims, Badshah Miah attended the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference held at Nawab of Dhaka's garden house in Shahbagh, under the leadership of Nawab Khwaja Salimullah of Dhaka and Nawab Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury of Bogra. When Salimullah proposed the formation of the All-India Muslim League, he supported it and attended the session on 30 December 1906, where the party was officially established. In 1907, at a conference held in Munshiganj Thana's Rekabi Bazaar in Dacca District, to strengthen the Muslim League, Salimullah presided over the event, while Badshah Miah was the chief speaker. After the annulment of the Partition of Bengal in 1911, he took an anti-government stance.	2.5625
78958976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic%20Women%27s%20Council%20of%20New%20Zealand	Islamic Women's Council of New Zealand	The Islamic Women's Council of New Zealand (IWCNZ) is a national umbrella organisation for Muslim women in New Zealand that was formed in 1990. The group is organised into regional chapters. Its activities have included educational classes, counselling, lecture tours, sports events, annual conferences, youth camps, and charitable activities. IWCNZ has also represented Muslim community interest at the New Zealand Parliament, various government ministries and agencies, the media, civil society and various national and international forums. Functions and structure The Islamic Women's Council of New Zealand's stated vision is to help "Muslim women reach their full potential through participation and collaboration in community life in Aotearoa New Zealand with the guidance of the Quran and the Sunnah." Its stated mission is to "always endeavor to co-ordinate and develop various activities that provide help, guidance, personal growth and development for all sisters in Islam with inspiration from the Holy Quran." The IWCNZ consists of a national body and several regional branches. The national body has organised national conferences, lecture tours, youth camps and workshops. The regional branches have organised various programmes and activities including educational classes, counselling and support services, sports events, food banks and prison visits. By 2019, IWCNZ had established regional branches in several cities including Auckland, Hamilton, Rotorua, Hastings, Palmerston North, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin.	2.234375
78959121	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphyraena%20bolcensis	Sphyraena bolcensis	Sphyraena bolcensis is an extinct species of prehistoric barracuda known from the Eocene. It is known from the late Ypresian-aged Monte Bolca site of Italy. Taxonomy It is one of the earliest and best-known fossil barracudas. It was initially described by Volta (1796) as a fossil specimen of the modern Sphyraena sphyraena, before Agassiz (1835) moved it to its own species, where it has since remained. More recent studies suggest that it appears to predate the evolutionary radiation of crown group Sphyraena, and thus likely represents a stem-group barracuda. Despite being classified in the extant genus Sphyraena, its phylogenetic affinities have never been properly studied, and it thus may not necessarily be a true member of the genus, especially given it predating the modern barracuda radiation. Description It could grow as long as nearly , though most specimens tend to range between and . Ecology A fossil specimen of the extinct shark Galeorhinus cuvieri has the partially-preserved remains of an S. bolcensis in its stomach. This is reminiscent of the preference of its modern relative, the school shark (G. galeus), for also preying on barracudas, suggesting that this predator-prey relationship has lasted nearly 50 million years.	2.296875
78959377	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Willmott	Keith Willmott	Tropical Andean Butterfly Diversity Project Willmott helped lead the Tropical Andean Butterfly Diversity project, funded by the UK’s Darwin Initiative. This collaboration identified priority areas for research and conservation, inspired plans for long-term study sites, and provided opportunities for local students. The project’s findings have informed strategies to conserve Andean butterflies and their habitats. Notable discoveries Keith Willmott has discovered and/or helped describe more than 200 new taxa of butterflies, including Tithorea pacifica, Methona grandior batesi, Scada reckia ruiza, Hyalyris yasunina, Hyalyris praxilla leuca, Napeogenes garwoodae, Pachacutia, Pachacutia baroni, Megeuptychia monopunctata, Nhambikuara toynei, Myselasia mapatayna, Myselasia nauca, Pelolasia nytua, among others, mostly in collaboration with Jason Hall. Awards and recognition Willmott’s work has earned him accolades, including recognition as a 2012 awardee for his significant contributions to entomology and biodiversity conservation. Selected publications	2.1875
78959501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marthakal%20Indigenous%20Protected%20Area	Marthakal Indigenous Protected Area	The Marri-Jabin Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) is a area in Galiwin'ku on Elcho Island, in the Northern Territory of Australia. IPAs are areas of land and sea Country managed by First Nations groups for biodiversity conservation and cultural outcomes through voluntary agreements with the Australian Government. These areas for part of Australia's National Reserve System. Dedicated in 2016, the Marthakal IPA is managed by about the Marthakal Homelands and Resource Centre Aboriginal Corporation and Northern Land Council, they undertake weed, rare & threatened species monitoring and other land management activities such a removing ghost nets. The Marthakal IPA is known for its nationally-recognised species, including the Northern Quoll, Golden Bandicoot, Brush-tailed Rabbit-rat, Floodplain Monitor and Martens’ Water Monitor. The area is the last remnant of the ancient land bridge connecting Australia with Southeast Asia, offering insights into the first colonisation of Australia by First Nations people, as well as contact history between Yolngu people and the Maccassans, dating back at least 400 years.	2.578125
78959568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf%20Jacques	Alf Jacques	In 1974, Jacques played as a goalie for the Syracuse Stingers in the National Lacrosse League, before the team moved to Quebec the following year. In 2002, Jacques created all of the sticks used by the defense of the Iroquois National Lacrosse team at the 2002 World Lacrosse Championship in Perth, Australia. From 2004 to 2010 Jacques led the Onondaga Redhawks as a coach and general manager, culminating in a Presidents Cup championship in 2010 with a 13–1 season record. During his tenure, the team made three Presidents Cup championship appearances. In 2011, Jacques was inducted into the Ontario Lacrosse Hall of Fame. In 2014, he was inducted into the Upstate Lacrosse Foundation Hall of Fame. For nearly twenty years over his career, Jacques gave an annual lecture and demonstration of his work at Syracuse University for students studying religion and sports. Later life and death Jacques' health declined after being diagnosed with kidney cancer in 2015, and suffering a heart attack in 2017. To assist with his medical expenses, Jack Johnson, an apprentice of Jacques, raised over $40,000 via the crowdfunding platform GoFundMe. Additionally, the Onondaga Nation organized a "Stickmakers Tournament" in April 2023, raising $7,300 to support his treatment. The tournament was Jacques' final public appearance. Thirteen days before his death, Jacques was awarded the Spirit of Tewaaraton Award, though he was unable to attend the ceremony due to his health. The award was accepted on his behalf by lifelong friend Oren Lyons and brought to Jacques' hospital bedside, where he was able to see it before his death. After a brief hospitalization, Alf Jacques died on June 14, 2023, in Jamesville, New York. Following Haudenosaunee tradition, he was buried with one of his sticks, which would "allow him to continue playing lacrosse in the Creator's Land". Legacy Examples of Jacques' sticks are held on exhibit at the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame and Museum in Sparks, Maryland.	2.046875
78960481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Bassfield%E2%80%93Soso%20tornado	2020 Bassfield–Soso tornado	The first indications of organized severe weather came on April 8, when the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) outlined 15% probabilities for severe weather within of a point from central Texas eastward into the Florida Panhandle and eastern Georgia valid for April 11–12. These threat areas were later refined with the introduction of a day-3 moderate risk, the fourth of five threat levels, across northeastern Louisiana through central Alabama on April 10. Historically, the SPC issues one day-3 moderate risk every year, and half of those over the previous decade were later upgraded to High risk, the highest threat level. Over subsequent days, a significant mid-level shortwave trough progressed eastward across the United States. By the pre-dawn hours of April 12, mid-level cooling associated with the feature overspread the Edwards Plateau, Hill Country, and much of central Texas. Accordingly, an intense line of severe thunderstorms developed along a dry line while vigorous convective development formed farther east. These thunderstorms were initially isolated in nature but soon coalesced into a mesoscale convective system as they encountered an enhanced corridor of warm air streaming northward, as well as very strong wind shear. These initial storms produced scattered weak tornadoes in Texas during the early stages of the outbreak.	2.5625
78960481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Bassfield%E2%80%93Soso%20tornado	2020 Bassfield–Soso tornado	In Clarke County, the town of Pachuta was struck by the weakening tornado. Downing trees and causing minor structural damage, a metal roofing from a church was peeled off. The tornado later dissipated two miles north of Pachuta. The tornado traveled and had a maximum estimated wind speeds of and peak width of wide, becoming the largest tornado ever recorded in the state of Mississippi, surpassing the Yazoo City tornado, as well as become the third largest tornado ever recorded, behind the 2004 Hallam tornado and 2013 El Reno tornado. With a path nearing 68 miles long, tying for the 23rd longest-tracked tornado on record in Mississippi. Aftermath The tornado resulted in four fatalities in Jefferson Davis county and four more injuries, $20.5 million in damages were done in the county. In Covington county, five people were injured and $29.5 million in damages. In Jones county, four people died, 3 directly and 1 indirectly, and $14.8 million in damages were done. In Jasper County, six people were injured and $8.8 million in damages were done in the county. In Clarke County, 4 people were injured and $190,000 in damages were done. Millions of trees were destroyed.	2.21875
78960873	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie%20Leach%20Priddy	Bessie Leach Priddy	Elizabeth "Bessie" Leach Priddy (January 18, 1871–May 27, 1935) was an American educator, social reformer, clubwoman and leader of the Delta Delta Delta women's fraternity. Life Priddy was born in 1871 in Belvidere, Illinois. She attended the Belvidere High School and won a scholarship to Adrian College. She was initiated as a member of the Gamma chapter of Delta, Delta, Delta when it was first installed at the Women’s Christian Temperance Union parlors in 1890 by charter member Lotta A.W. Stevens. After she graduated from Adrian College in 1891, Priddy was employed as a school principal in Capron, Illinois, for two years. She married attorney Frank E. Priddy in 1893 and they had 3 children. He died in 1909. To support her family following her husbands death, she taught German at Adrian College alongside studying towards her State Teachers Certificate. She taught history at the Michigan State Normal College (now Eastern Michigan University), Ypsilanti, Michigan, and alongside teaching she contributed articles to teaching publications, such as writing recommendations on how to teach about World War I for the History Teacher's Magazine. She was promoted to Dean of Women at Michigan State Normal College. Whilst in post, Priddy and the University president Charles McKenney took disciplinary action against female students found smoking, with 17 expelled. When one of the expelled students, Alice Tanton, sued the college, her expulsion was upheld by the Michigan State Supreme Court and Priddy was praised for "maintaining certain ideals" and "upholding some of the old-fashioned ideals of young womanhood." Priddy became Chairwoman of the Civics Department of the General Federation of Women's Clubs and in 1918 presented the biannual meeting with a "resolution in favour of state censorship of motion pictures," which passed.	2.578125
78960934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%20Columbus%20mid-air%20collision	1947 Columbus mid-air collision	Investigation After the accident, the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) took over the investigation into the cause of the crash. Delta's president, Collett E. Woolman immediately attributed the accident to the airport's lack of a control tower. A public hearing was held by the CAB ten days after the accident. The CAB released their final report on the accident on July 31, 1947. The investigators found Fussell, the pilot of the Vultee to be responsible for the accident, especially since he had failed to fly a standard left-hand circuit and look for other air traffic when approaching the airport. Aftermath Within days of the CAB's final report being released, Muscogee County Airport was approved to receive upgrades to its navigational equipment using federal funding. Despite planning delays caused by the accident, Delta Air Lines initiated services using the DC-3 to the airport on July 1, 1947, as a stop along a route from Atlanta to Fort Worth; however, Delta described the loss of those aboard the Survey as having "removed some of the most valuable and key personnel of our company". The fatal accident was Delta's first since 1935.	2.09375
78961457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20customs%20of%20etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette, known simply as Derekh Eretz (, ), or what is a Hebrew idiom used to describe etiquette, is understood as the order and manner of conduct of man in the presence of other men; being a set of social norms drawn from the world of human interactions. In the Talmud and Midrashic literature there are many things on this subject, some of which having the same rigid application of the Torah itself, while others pertain to the customs in the synagogues, or at the dinner table. Jewish etiquette is a complex system of mores and manners that have been agreed upon by the community, and which seeks to delineate an acceptable standard of social laws governing the expectations of personal conduct with respect to one's fellow Jew and/or Gentile, or environment. Ancient Jewish communities throughout the world have preserved a well-documented system of etiquette, and are believed to have mimicked the social order once universally practised by all Jews in former times. However, today, many of these social norms are being lost to the community, due to their mixing with the larger community of Jewish immigrants, and the coalescing of these diverse ethnic groups.	2.890625
78961457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20customs%20of%20etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette	History Jews in ancient times adhered to strict codes of conduct, where custom played an important role in the way they would interact with one another; with an emphasis on decorum (good manners), respect and politeness. The precursor for Jewish social etiquette dates back to antiquity, and has been documented in one of the Minor Tractates, known as Derech Ereẓ (Manners), the name of a treatise attached to Talmud editions, divided into Rabba (Large) and Zuta (Small). The early rabbinic work is a testimony of how Jewish etiquette has maintained its own unique, strict code of customs throughout the centuries, although in some cases (e.g. Jewish etiquette in the bath-house), such rules can be traced back to ancient Roman practices. In fact, some ancient practices were so widespread that a Jewish dictum is typically cited in its recognition: “Decorum came before the giving of the Law,” meaning, one cannot personify Torah until he demonstrates common courtesy and decorum (derech ereẓ) in everything that he does. In the Talmud and Midrash, there are approximately 200 teachings concerning derech eretz as decent, polite, respectful, thoughtful, and civilized behavior, as well as a Minor Tractate (Derech Ereẓ) specifically treating on these issues. They define and delineate the difference between conduct and behavior that is malum in se, malum prohibitum, and good practice. Sometimes ethical codes include sections that are meant to give firm rules, but some offer only general guidance, while at other times the words are merely aspirational. Jewish etiquette can easily be divided into sub-categories: table etiquette, dress etiquette, speech etiquette, writing etiquette, etc.	2.984375
78961457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20customs%20of%20etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette	Typically, religious Jews will not make use of vulgar language. This was seen as essential in adding refinement to one's manner of speech. If, in a conversation, there was a need to mention one's privy place, they would seek the least offensive way of saying so. The vestiges of ancient etiquette have also revealed themselves in their manner of expressions or utterances. In what follows are a few examples: If someone needed to mention the virile membrum, he would say for that organ (בְּרִית = bǝrīth), a reference to the "covenant" of circumcision. The Yemenite Jew, for example, did not call a donkey by its name, but rather gave to it a euphemism, "beast of burden" (נושא אדם = lit. carrier of man). The scribe, Rabbi Zechariah al-Dhahiri (16th-century), coins the phrase "lance" (Heb. רומח) for it. Similarly, we find that the elders who procured a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible for Ptolemy II gave a euphemism for the donkey, rather than call it by its name. Thus, the Midrash says: "And he put them on a donkey – This is one of eighteen places where the Sages changed [the literal translation] for Ptolemy the king." Instead of saying "toilet", which word carries with it certain negative connotations, Jews in Yemen would say, (בֵּית הַכָּבוֹד = bayth ha-koḇodh), being a euphemism for "outhouse" or "toilet facilities," and literally meaning, "the house of glory," so as not to accustom oneself in speaking vulgar words. A word that is more commonly used to denote the same is (בית הכסא = bayth ha-kisei), literally, "house of the stool." The word "lewd woman" ("harlot" or "whore") was much too harsh of a word to say, therefore the euphemism (מוכנת = mukhanath) was used for her, literally meaning "she that is ready." In other places, they made use of the word (יצאנית = yeṣ’ānīth) for her, meaning "she that goes out." A cemetery or graveyard was not called by its Modern Hebrew expression, bayt ha-keḇorot, but rather by its euphemism, (בית החיים = bayth ha-ḥayyim), meaning, "the house of the living."	2.328125
78961457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20customs%20of%20etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette	Terms of endearment In most Jewish commuities, a man did not call his spouse by her personal name, but rather coined a term of endearment for that spouse, such as with the Jews of Yemen who would use the phrase, (יַא-הֵי = Ya-He), lit. "O, you!". This was also done out of respect. Its practice was often used by, both, Jewish men and women alike when addressing one another, without mentioning the other's name. A man might also call his wife, Imma (אמא = "mother"), while the woman may call her husband Abba (אבא = "father"). Sometimes a wife would simply call her husband by his family name, such as (יא כהן = "Ya Cohen!"). If her husband was a Rabbi, she would often call her husband by the epithet, (יא מורי = "Ya mori!") (lit. O, Rabbi!). The general rule of practice was that it was always held as improper to call one's spouse by his or her first name. Coining a phrase or nick-name for one's spouse was also meant to instruct children not to call their parents by their first names, out of respect and awe for their parents. In western societies, "honey" and "babe" are commonly used to address one's spouse. Similarly, one does not say to a rabbi or to a superior: 'You said, such and such" [= ] (in the second-person), as this is seen as being too direct, or might sound confrontational. Rather, one says: 'The rabbi has said' [= ] (third-person), or 'his honor has said', etc. [= ]. The Bach (Yoreh De'ah 242:6) seems to believe that while such a practice (referring to one's teacher in third-person) is appropriate, it is not an absolute requirement, and therefore if one wishes to greet his rabbi, he may say, Shalom to you, my Rabbi; or if one is having an extended conversation with his teacher and a younger person wishes to correct his teacher or some older person, the younger person can say to the older person, "But did you not teach us, such-and-such?" (again, second-person, without using strong and harsh words of renunciation).	2.6875
78961457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20customs%20of%20etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette	He that belches after a meal, they say to him: (יהנה בטוב = "Enjoy the good"). The same blessing is also used instead of "Bon Appetit!", or what has now been replaced in Modern Hebrew with: Be-te'aḇon (בתיאבון). It is considered uncouth to eat in public places, such as in the marketplace, but rather one eats only in the confines of his own house or in the house of his host. Those who took little regard to this rabbinic stricture and who would eat unabashedly in the marketplace were libeled as incompetent to bear witness in a Jewish court of law, since such people were generally seen as shameless. (Modern-day inns, hotels and restaurants are generally thought not to be under such strictures). Common courtesy after one's meal is to include the Birkat ha-Oreaḥ (Heb. ברכת האורח) in the Grace said over the meal. The common expressions used for showing one's gratitude to the host are to say either (תזכו = tizkū), meaning "Be merited," or (ברוכים תהיו = berūkhīm tehiyū), meaning, "May you be blessed," or (לעולם תחיו = leʿolam teḥiyū), meaning "May you live forever."	2.21875
78961457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20customs%20of%20etiquette	Jewish customs of etiquette	Interpersonal relations In the language register employed by the Jews of Yemen there are preserved ancient linguistic patterns, especially in the field of blessings and good wishes. These expressions are mostly in Hebrew, since the well-wishers hoped to add some degree of sanctity to their words, for which cause, they drew such words from the vocabulary of their ancestors and repeated them in the holy tongue. The most ancient of these can be found in the corpus of Midrashic literature, while the most recent date back to the period of the Middle-Ages and to the Cairo Geniza fragments. The language of the Torah in Yemenite Jewish communities has not come down to us in the form of "thank you" (Modern Hebrew: תודה), or "thank you very much," but rather, "may you be blessed" (ברוך תהיה = borūkh tehiyeh), or "may he be blessed," or "may they be blessed." Such expressions are used in the writings of the Geonim. The Gaon, Rabbi Samuel ben ʿAli, in one of his letters, says about those communities who lend support to the Babylonian academies, "And concerning those communities, may they be blessed." Rabbi and ethnographer, Jacob Sapir (1822–1886), who visited Yemen's Jewish community in 1859, noted certain expressions in widespread use among the Jews there, and wrote of his impressions on this wise: "They are very well accustomed, whenever a man tells his friend [about] his troubles or his aspirations, to reply back unto him in consolation (אהיה אשר אהיה = Eheyeh Asher Eheyeh), literally meaning, "I shall be what I shall be", an allusion to God's ability to affect change, or (אל שדי = El Shaddai), meaning, "God Almighty", while this [expression] does not cease from their mouths... Over every speech or statement made, they will say, (ברוך תהיה = Borūkh tehiyeh!), meaning, "May you be blessed", or the phrase (ברוך אתה לאדוני = Borūkh attah laadhonai), meaning, "Blessed are you unto God", and they are not scrupulous about [infringing upon the commandment that says], Thou shalt not take the Lord's name in vain."	2.6875
78962188	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Arodula%20Park	Środula Park	Another modernization of the park was the construction of an artificial ski slope. The slope is 50 meters high from the base. About one million cubic meters of mining waste were used for its construction. The construction and leveling of the slope was completed at the turn of 2002 and 2003. In June 2005, a tender for the development of the park was resolved. As a result of the tender, the first lift on the lower part of the slope was created in December 2005. In December 2006, the recreational and sports complex under the name Sportowa Dolina 2 was planned to be opened (ski lift, a specially prepared, illuminated slope, and a set of snow cannons). In 2010, the slope was taken over by the city and is now managed by the MOSiR (Municipal Sports and Recreation Center) in Sosnowiec. In 2008, the modernization of the park's paths began. As part of the modernization, pedestrian and bicycle paths were created. The bicycle routes are connected to the bicycle route at Kombajnistów Street. Further modernizations of the park include the construction of recreational and sports infrastructure in: 2012 - an outdoor gym, 2015 - a street workout zone, and the Palma Chillout culture zone, 2018 - the Jordan Garden. In 2018, a bicycle path was built along 3 Maja Street, connecting the park with the bicycle route at Narutowicza Street and further to Ludwik Roundabout.	2.078125
78962296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellala%20Lakshmi%20Kantamma	Vellala Lakshmi Kantamma	Vellala Lakshmi Kantamma was an Indian dancer from Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh. During her time, Kadapa District Collector Mischal Dora praised her dance performance and said, "She is Sher", and people used to call her "Sher Lakshmi Kantamma". Her contemporaries were Ganjikunta Seshamma, Avani Lakshumma, Avanichitti Lakshmi, Nattuva Maha Lakshmi, Nattuva Indiramma, Koilakuntlu Ademma, Sri Shantamma, Valluri Ramulamma, Nagamma, Subbulu, Badvelu Nagaranjini, Naga Bhushani, Lakshmipalem Bullilakshumma, Erralakshumma, Karveti Nagaram Shantamma, Suryakantamma, Chandramma, Venkatagiri Subhadramma, Kaushalamma, Gadiviramma, Kalahasti Rajamma, Gutti Venkata Subbamma, Venkata Chinna Subbamma, Penugonda Durgamma, Venkata Naidu, Mallishwaramma, Arlagadda Rama Devi, Nirmalamma, Chinnamma, Kurnool Venkata Lakshumma, Kapatrala Naga Lakshumma, Vasagiri Lakshumma, Devuni. Kadapa Subhadramma. Social conditions During that time, the people of Rayalaseema highly respected dance and dancers. At that time, weddings, festivals, divine services, fairs, etc. were held under the auspices of dancers. They were prominent in weddings, puja programs, pilgrimage offerings, etc. The words "Bhogalavaru" or "Bhogamavaru" were used for these dancers, because they had the first place in the Bhogas. Some were also called "Devadasi" because they were dedicated to the service of the gods. However, the word 'Bhogamavaru' was more common in Rayalaseema. They used to get temples in the name of God and some permanent positions on behalf of the village. Only village elders, scholars, scientists, and philosophers were eligible to meet and talk to them. Until four decades ago, many dancers had precious gold jewelry in their homes. They were Vaishnava traditionalists. Before the dance performance, the Vaishnava symbols, the nama, the conch, and the chakra, were displayed on a screen, and the dot was also in accordance with Vaishnava tradition. They performed by tying it like a normal saree, and they did not tie it in any other way than by tying it.	2.125
78963150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell%20D.%20Mansfield	Wendell D. Mansfield	Wendell Doolittle "Manny" Mansfield (March 14, 1899 – December 28, 1984) was an American coach who was the head football coach at Bates College and Springfield College. Early life A native of New Haven, Connecticut, Mansfield lettered in football, basketball, baseball, swimming, and track at New Haven High School. He then attended the Springfield YMCA College (now Springfield College), where he played football and basketball, spent a year on the swim team, was a student instructor in multiple subjects, was an American Red Cross examiner, and managed the student council. He was also a scoutmaster for three years and managed Camp Anaming in Wheeling, West Virginia and Camp Sequassen in New Haven. Coaching In 1925, Mansfield was named athletic director and football, basketball, baseball coach at Winchester High School in Winchester, Massachusetts. He took a year's sabbatical during the 1931–32 school year to earn his master's degree from New York University. As head football coach, Mansfield had a .780 winning percentage and won three Mystic Valley League championships before transferring to the Middlesex League. His basketball teams won three Middlesex League titles and his baseball teams won 53% of its games. In 1937, Mansfield returned to Springfield College as an assistant football coach. He was the backfield coach and chief scout under Paul Stagg until 1939, when he became the head football coach at Bates College. In 1940, he became the school's baseball and basketball coach as well. In 1941, he returned to Springfield College as head football coach. In 1942, he succeeded the retiring Edward J. Hickox as Springfield's head basketball coach. From 1945 to 1962, Mansfield was the athletic director at the Pomfret School in Pomfret, Connecticut. He also coached the school's football and basketball teams.	2.09375
78963347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Hork%C3%BD	Martin Horký	In 1610, the year of the publication of Galileo's Sidereus nuncius (translatable to "Starry Messenger"), Horký was employed as a secretary and copyist to Giovanni Antonio Magini, an influential professor of mathematics at the University of Bologna. Magini, already a rival of Galileo, expressed skepticism of the claims Galileo put forward in Sidereus, and these doubts were shared by Horký. Specifically, Galileo's claims of observing lunar mountains and four satellites of Jupiter were met with intense skepticism. In April 1610, Horký was present at a meeting of astronomers and philosophers at the Palazzo Caprara Montpensier, in which Galileo presented evidence of his identification of the satellites of Jupiter and invited the assembled notables to use his telescope. Horký reported that both Magini and Massimo Caprara were unable to see evidence of Jupiter's satellites, and ascribed Galileo's findings to distortions or tricks of the glass. In personal correspondence with Kepler, Horký would go on to claim that Galileo had suffered a nervous breakdown as a result of the failed test, implied he had contracted the "French Disease" (syphilis), and that the Paduan professor was motivated by greed and personal glory to discover new astronomical bodies. His aggressive criticism of Galileo continued, and by May 1610 Horký had drafted a pamphlet criticizing Galileo's practices. His views were akin to those of his employer, Magini, but the latter quickly began to distance himself from the project, seeing it as too overtly aggressive towards a fellow professor of philosophy. Horký would later try to mockingly rebut Magini's hesitance to criticize a fellow professor, stating "a fox does not bite another fox, nor does a dog bark at another dog."	2.390625
78963347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Hork%C3%BD	Martin Horký	From an academic standpoint, Horký also criticized Galileo's observations of the Jupiterian satellites, asking why Galileo had been the first to publish the discovery of the Jupiterian satellites, and why no other astronomers had been able to corroborate the discovery. Horký implied that Galileo's lens making technique was flawed, and that this had led to him reading focal defects and distortions as astronomical bodies. To support this, Horký claimed that viewing several known stars through Galileo's telescope caused them to appear as doubles, thus indicating a flaw in the lens. He also heavily implied that Galileo's observations were driven by a personal desire for financial success and to curry political favor. The latter point was intended by Horký to deliver a political sting—Galileo had named the satellites of Jupiter the "Medician Stars" in honor of the Medici dukes of Tuscany, and it was widely speculated in contemporary Italian academic circles that Galileo was seeking to leave Padua and return to his native Tuscany with the aid of his former student, Cardinal Giovanni di Medici. Flaws Horký's arguments in Peregrinatio were ultimately flawed; Galileo's telescopes had been tested by the government of Venice the year before, and were found to be more accurate than many of his Italian contemporaries. Galileo's observations of the Jupiterian moons was also supported by their alleged independent discovery by German astronomer Simon Marius in early 1610 (Galileo would later accuse Marius of plagiarism, a charge debated by modern historians).	2.40625
78963602	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galerius%27%20Sassanid%20Campaigns	Galerius' Sassanid Campaigns	Narseh, to punish the Romans for having supported the Armenian revolt, invaded the Roman province of Syria. At this point the Romans decided to actively help Tiridates to ascend the throne of Armenia; Diocletian established his base in Antigonia and entrusted the command of military operations to Galerius. Narseh then moved south into Roman Mesopotamia, where he inflicted a severe defeat on Galerius and was forced to retreat, then commander of the eastern forces, in the region between Carrhae (Harran, Turkey) and Callinicum (Raqqa, Syria). Diocletian may or may not have been present at the battle, but presented himself soon afterwards at Antioch, issuing an official version of events which placed all the blame for the affair upon Galerius. In Antioch, Diocletian forced Galerius to walk a mile in advance of his imperial cart while still clad in the purple robes of an emperor. David Stone Potter reads a symbolic message in the display: the loss at Carrhae was due not to the failings of the empire's soldiers, but to the failings of their commander, and Galerius' failures would not be accepted. Another scholar, Roger Rees, suggests that Galerius' position at the head of the caravan was merely the conventional organization of an imperial progression, designed to show a Caesar's deference to his Augustus.	2.359375
78963895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicja%20Bia%C5%82a	Alicja Biała	In a newer series, titled Open Bite (2022-ongoing), the artist visits former mining sites across Europe, which remain heavily contaminated due to the byproducts of the mining process, and uses acidic ponds of water she locates there to etch large-scale “curtains” made of copper and zinc. Exhibitions Alicja Biała’s work has been exhibited in galleries and cultural institutions internationally. Exhibitions include: - Opowieść z DNA Studni, Borowik Foundation, 2024 - Acid Pond, Museum of Contemporary Art Krakow, 2024 - This is indeed a wonderful country, Galerie Hussenot, 2023 - Merseyside Totemy, Liverpool Biennial of Contemporary Art, 2022 Artistic style Biała’s work is often characterised by its bold use of colour, its graphic style and multilayered symbolism. Her pieces address critical contemporary issues such as climate change, national and cultural identity, and the human impact on the environment. She often collaborates with scientists and researchers to inform her work. In her practice, Biała experiments with scale and uses various materials, creating a variety of works; large-scale urban murals, sculptures of various scales, paintings and prints. Her installations often challenge viewers to rethink their relationship with the world around them, incorporating interactive and immersive elements.	2.140625
78964473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platycheirus%20hesperius	Platycheirus hesperius	Platycheirus hesperius, the southern punctate sedgesitter, is a fly in the Syrphidae family. It is a rare species found in the USA from Washington south to southern California. Adult Syrphids are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get nectar and pollen. They are also called hoverflies for the ability to often remain nearly motionless in flight. Description For terminology see Speight key to genera and glossary or Glossary of morphological terminology Size HeadThe face has a narrow black shining median stripe along the tubercle featuring small punctures arranged in oblique rows covered with a greyish pollinosity (dusting). (figure 2) LegsThe legs have dark femora, and all the tibiae and tarsi are yellow (figure3). The fore and mid-tarsomeres are brown above and orange ventrally. The fore-tibia has a row of 5-7 strong posterior setae on the apical three-quarters, with the longest setae approximately three times the tibial diameter. (figure 1) The mid tibia has a similar row of weaker setae on the apical two-thirds, while the legs are otherwise unmodified. AbdomenThe abdomen has large spots of brown or grey on the tergites, overlaid with strong silver dusting, which can be almost touching in the center on tergites 3 and 4. (see figure 3).	2.421875
78965651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Valensi	Henry Valensi	Henry Valensi (17 September 1883 - 21 April 1960) was a French Cubist painter, animator, film director and art theoretician. He founded the musicalism movement and created 'La Symphonie printanière' (Spring Symphony), a unique abstract animation or "cinépeinture" (film-painting), a print of which was acquired in 2013 by the musée national d'art moderne in Paris and exhibited there from 23 October 2013 to 5 January 2015 (alongside seven of his paintings left to the French state) as part of its "Plural Modernities" hang. The Association Henry Valensi, made up of the artists' beneficiaries, has been managing and promoting his work since 2013. Biography Born in Algiers, he began by painting Algerian landscapes. His family moved to the 9th arrondissement of Paris in 1899 and encouraged his enthusiasm for painting. On the advice of Léon Bonnat, in 1902 Valensi joined the Académie Julian, where he studied painting under Jules Lefebvre and Tony Robert-Fleury. From 1905 Étienne Dinet allowed him to present his first exhibition at the Salon des orientalistes. He was therefore influenced by impressionism but expressed the need to renew pictorial art by liberating the artist from the purely objective vision that practice had crystallised into immobility. Living comfortably on an inheritance, Valensi joined the Société des artistes indépendants and exhibited regularly each year at their Salon from 1908 onwards. He travelled widely in Europe, round the perimeter of the Mediterranean and in Russia. His landscapes began to change as he added abstract elements during a voyage to Greece in 1909. From then on he was only interested in avant-garde attempts, movement and dynamism, which he integrated into his art. He was linked to Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Futurist painters before finding his own movement of musicalism in 1913.	2.15625
78967884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelican%20Point%20Murders	Pelican Point Murders	Harry Hayes trial In December 1895, Harry Hayes was indicted for the murders. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including witness testimonies about his previous threats and his apparent indifference following the disappearances. Prosecutors portrayed Hayes as a vengeful stepfather motivated by property disputes. Hayes was convicted in April 1896 and sentenced to death by hanging. However, newly elected Sheriff George Storrs reviewed the case and expressed doubts about Hayes's guilt, describing the evidence as weak. Storrs successfully petitioned Utah Governor Heber Wells to commute Hayes's sentence to life imprisonment. Storrs vowed to identify the true killer. George H. Wright Sheriff Storrs's investigation turned to George H. Wright, also known as James G. Weeks. Wright had a history of cattle rustling and fraud, and Storrs linked him to items stolen from the ranch, including quilts, a Spencer rifle, and a wagon. Wright's estranged wife, Jennie, testified that he confessed to killing the ranch's horses to avoid detection. She also described Wright's erratic behavior after learning of the bodies' discovery, including a sudden illness and nervous prostration. Wright was later implicated in the 1896 murder of William Crampton in Colorado. Despite efforts to apprehend him, he evaded capture and disappeared in 1897. Storrs's pursuit of Wright spanned multiple states but yielded no results. 1914 confession In 1914, W. E. Davis, arrested in Los Angeles, reportedly confessed to killing three men during a range war. L. C. Peterson, an uncle of Alfred Nelson, believed Davis's confession matched details of the Pelican Point murders. However, no evidence substantiated Davis's claims, and the confession was deemed speculative. Legacy The Pelican Point murders remain unsolved. The victims are buried side by side in a cemetery in Benjamin, Utah. Their headstones bear the inscription:	2.25
78968513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20humans%20in%20Slavic%20mythology	First humans in Slavic mythology	According to Łuczyński, this anthropogenic myth is basic one and it existed in Proto-Slavs. The motif itself (A1234 in Motif-Index of Folk-Literature) widespread among various peoples of the world, and especially among Indo-Europeans, such as the Indo-Iranians, the Armenians, the Greeks (in Arcadia, Attica, ), the Pelasgians and the Germanic peoples. On the basis of other Indo-European attestations, Łuczyński concludes that the myth of mankind growing out of the earth is of Proto-Indo-European origin. Thus, he reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European semantics of "(first) man grows out of the earth," "people (are born) like plants (vegetables in the Greek tradition, rhubarb in the Persian tradition)". The Slavic variant would differ from other Indo-European traditions in that humans grew like mushrooms, not vegetables, indicating the forest environment in which the myth was transformed. He also reconstructs Slavic motifs as follows: humans rise from the earth → the first human couple → the first human couple lives in innocence → incest of brother and sister → offspring of the first parents, although not all of these motifs have been attested to in Slavic folklore. The given names of the first people in Slavic mythology have not been preserved. For Proto-Indo-European mythology, the name Ym̥Hós is reconstructed, which would give the Slavic male name Im, while the female partner would be called Ima (, Jьma).	2.125
78968626	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzotrifuroxan	Benzotrifuroxan	Benzotrifuroxan is a heterocyclic organic compound that is related to 1,2,5-oxadioles. The high-energy compound is explosive. History The compound was first synthesized in 1924 by O. Turek as hexanitrosobenzene. In addition to the hexanitroso structure, symmetric polycyclic structures could also be formulated. Characteristics Physical properties Benzotrifuroxan is a crystalline solid that melts at 195 °C. The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic crystal lattice with the space group Pna21. The molar enthalpy of formation is 606 kJ·mol−1, the enthalpy of combustion is −2967 kJ·mol−1. Chemical properties Benzotrifuroxan can decompose explosively. The heat of explosion is 5903 kJ·kg −1, the detonation speed is 8.61 km·s −1. The compound is sensitive to impact. Benzotrifuroxan forms stable complexes with aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, 1-phenylnaphthalene, 2-phenylnaphthalene and tetrahydronaphthalene. Recrystallization in benzene yields a 1:1 complex with the solvent, whereby the benzene can only be removed at 100 °C in vacuum. Synthesis Benzotrifuroxan can be obtained by thermal degradation of 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. A further synthesis can be carried out by reacting 5,7-dichloro-4,6-dinitronbenzofuroxan with sodium azide. Uses In combination with TNT, the compound can be used to produce nanodiamonds using detonation shock waves.	2.171875
77441973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanax%20anai	Astyanax anai	Astyanax anai is a small freshwater fish native to Central America. It has a restricted range, inhabiting a handful of Atlantic drainages in Costa Rica and Panama, and is known from locales only up to 100 meters elevation. As an endangered species, A. anai is a point of interest for conservation biologists studying the region. It can be found living sympatrically with other species of Astyanax, but is less common than its relatives. Specimens of A. anai were frequently mistaken for specimens of Astyanax orthodus before it was recognized as its own species; physically and genetically, the two are very similar. A. anai sports several features not uncommon in the genus, such as silver scales, a humeral spot, and fins in a mixture of yellows and oranges. It also has a distinctive, elongated blotch of pigment on the caudal peduncle that often stretches forwards far enough to reach over the back end of the anal fin. Taxonomy The original description of Astyanax anai was published in 2018, alongside a key to congeners found in the same general Central American region. A complicating factor is the close morphological and genetic resemblance of A. anai to congener Astyanax orthodus; before its nomination as a species, specimens of A. anai were often catalogued as specimens of A. orthodus. Researchers believe that A. anais may have been misidentified as A. orthodus as early as 1907. Astyanax anai and A. orthodus form a clade. The next closest relative is Astyanax bimaculatus, followed by a more distant relationship to other Central and North American species of Astyanax. Astyanax anai has no known synonyms, and has retained its original name.	2.859375
77441973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanax%20anai	Astyanax anai	As with most Astyanax, A. anai has a humeral spot; it is normally inconspicuous, is gray or black, and is rounded or horizontally ovate. There is a spot of pigment on the caudal peduncle in a darker black, rhomboid or rectangular in shape, that is long enough to stretch from the back of the anal fin to the margins of the central caudal-fin rays. This caudal-fin spot can be used as a delineating characteristic when comparing A. anai to A. orthodus, as A. orthodus has a caudal-peduncle spot that stops short of the anal-fin origin. When preserved in alcohol, the body turns a pale yellow-brown, though the brown color of the back remains intact. The humeral spot becomes more conspicuous and turns a darker black. Two diffuse brown markings, either bars or vertically elongate spots, also become evident in the humeral area; the first intersects with the humeral spot, and the second is 2 to 4 scales behind the first. The silvery midline of the body develops a very thin line of chromatophores tracing from the humeral spot to the caudal-fin base. All fins turn a pale yellow or yellow-brown. The midline stripe also develops 10 to 14 chevron-shaped marks, pointed towards the head, separated from each other by 2 to 3 scales; these markings are apparent in life on juvenile specimens, but only become distinct on adults when preserved.	2.578125
77442753	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emelia%20Chatfield	Emelia Chatfield	Emelia Chatfield (born 23 November 2001) is a Haitian-American hurdler and sprinter. She competed for Haiti at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the 100 metres hurdles. Early life She was born in Miami where she attended St. Thomas Aquinas High School before attending the University of Texas at Austin. Career Collegiate She won the Florida high school state championship over 300 metres in 2018, as well as winning the Florida Relays sprint hurdles and placed third at Brooks PR in the 100m hurdles. She ran a 100m hurdles time of 13.52 to earn a fourth-place finish at the USA Track and Field U20 Championships in 2019. She finished the 2019 season with a personal best of 41.15 seconds in the 300-meter hurdles to rank as the US No. 5 for her age-group and committed to run for the Texas Longhorns. She finished third in the Big 12 indoor championships 60m hurdles in Lubbock, Texas in 2022. Senior She was selected to compete for Haiti in the 100 metres hurdles at the 2024 Paris Olympics. Competing at the Games, she ran a time of 13.24 seconds in the repechage round on 8 August 2024. This came after she ran a time of 13.06 seconds in her qualifying heat on the previous day. Personal life Although born in the United States, Chatfield is qualified to run for Haiti through her family heritage. Her grandfather Anelus Arre lived in Beauvois, Jean-Rabel, in the Northwestern Department before moving his family to Miami when her mother, Ketelie Chatfield, was 12 years old. Her father is American. She was one of the athletes at the 2024 Paris Olympics who criticised the conditions on social media. She was reported to give the dining hall food a "0 out of 10", calling it “disgusting.”	2.015625
77443113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine%20of%20Swansea	Cuisine of Swansea	During the Roman era, which lasted for about 350 years, there is little evidence of Roman settlement in the area, although a Roman villa was built in the grounds of what is now Oystermouth Cemetery. This has the most westerly mosaic found in Britain and suggests a high degree of sophistication and that the owners were thoroughly Roman in culture. However, the main Roman settlements were located around the forts at Loughor Castle (Leucarum) and Neath (Nidum), which lined the east–west route from Cardiff to Carmarthen. The Romans introduced new foods into Britain, but grain remained the main component of the diet. Excavations at Loughor have revealed three granaries and the grain that was discovered in them includes bread wheat, spelt, emmer and barley, with some rye and oats. Flour was made from the wheat to make bread which was baked in ovens within the fort. Spelt and emmer are not as good for making bread because the husk is more difficult to remove and this makes threshing harder. The granaries at Leucarum supplied Roman soldiers and the local population. During this period farms produced beef, mutton, and goat meat. Fish and seafood was popular, and they cultivated oysters, and made fish sauce, while olive oil, and red wine were imported from the Roman Empire.	3.015625
77443113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine%20of%20Swansea	Cuisine of Swansea	After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region to the north and west of Swansea came under the control of the Deisi, who arrived from Ireland and during the sixth and seventh centuries the Irish language was spoken in this area. However, Swansea itself was settled by the Vikings who created a trading post at the mouth of the River Tawe. The name Swansea is believed to come from the personal name Svein, as a pre-fix, with the suffix '-ey' having been added and referring to an island that may have been located at the mouth of the river Tawe. However, the Welsh name of refers to the river mouth on which the settlement occurred, and the Celtic people from the pre-Roman period remained the main population group, with the Viking trading centre being relatively small. After the Norman Conquest, Motte-and-bailey castles protected the fertile and valley areas which were subject to manorialism, which developed from the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empire, while the Welsh occupied the less productive highland areas, where sheep were raised, and oats and barley were grown. (Powell, 1584). The Welsh areas were subject to the Laws of Hywel Dda (Cyfraith Hywel), while Swansea was governed by Anglo-Norman overlords, who granted charters listing liberties and privileges. The Norman areas were subject to Welsh raids, most notably in 1136, 1151, 1189 and 1215. The manorial areas were enclosed to make fields for arable land, pasture, and meadows. The main crop was corn, with other crops including wheat, barley, rye, white and grey oats, peas and vetches. Surplus produce was exported to the West Country.	2.90625
77443113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine%20of%20Swansea	Cuisine of Swansea	Fruit and vegetables In 1929, when he was 14 years old, Dylan Thomas published one of his earliest poems, called "A Ballad of Salad", in the Swansea Grammar School (now Bishop Gore School) magazine. The following verses show his acute observation of vegetables, which he probably encountered in the market and stalls of Swansea: Give me the lettuce that has cooled It's heart in the rich earth, Till every joyous leaf is schooled To crisply crinckled mirth; Give me mustard and the cress, Whose glistening stalklets stand As silver white as nymphs by night Upon the coral strand; The winking radish round and red, That like a ruby shines; And the first-blessing, onion shed Wher’er your lowness dines; The wayward tomato's glorious bead, Cool cucumber sliced small; And let the imperial beetroot spread Her crimson over all. Dylan Thomas does not mention the leek, which is a vegetable strongly associated with Welsh history, and has recently received PGI status. However, Cerys Matthews provides a recap of its importance in her cookbook as follows: There's a story dating from the 1600s that St David ordered his soldiers to wear a leek on their helmets in a battle against Saxon invaders. (The battle is also said to have taken place in a field full of leeks). The Welsh association with this vegetable goes back even further in time, to when the people and their druids worshipped trees, plants and other aspects of the natural world. The leek was used as a cure for a cold, a pain reliever in childbirth, and a protector against wounds in battle, lightning strikes and evil spirits. It was also thought to have supernatural powers: if a maiden put a leek under her pillow at night she'd see the face of her future husband." However, the vegetable is something of an enigma because apart from its use in , there are few historical leek-based recipes. Matthews has a recipe for Leek and Potato Soup, and a recipe for , but Mason comments:	2.5625
77443218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janken%20Wiel-Hansen	Janken Wiel-Hansen	Janken Wiel-Hansen attracted attention on the streets of Stockholm. Sculptor Carl Milles portrayed her in the sculpture Skrattet (Laughter) in 1909, which is on display at Millesgården on Lidingö. From an early age, she attracted attention figure skating on the ice around the city in winter. Sport helped Janken Wiel-Hansen to find her style. She was a regular cyclist and dressed in sports skirts and blouses. In the early years of the 20th century, her ‘manly short-cropped head’ caused comment. She preferred a practical grey walking suit, which she had made in the same style year after year. For parties, she wore a black suit or a man's jacket with a long skirt. She maintained her style and dress until her death. Janken Wiel-Hansen died on 3 April 1938. She is buried at Norra begravningsplatsen in Solna. Legacy In 2019, a suitcase labelled "W-H. resgods Stockholm" was found in the stores of Østfold Museums, as part of a move and redocumentation of collections from the fortress in Halden to more modern storage facilities. Inside, there were photographs, a wallet, a pastille, cigarette and powder boxes, a clock, a rosary and a cross, a photograph album that was also a music box, fencing medals from 1917, and a medal from the 1924 Paris Olympics. Museum staff researched the suitcase's contents and connected it to Weil-Hansen, tracking its journey from Ida von Pomgren's posthumous donation to a Swedish museum. They used it to create Janken - The Fencing Lady, an exhibition, film and learning resources about Wiel-Hansen's life in the newly opened Halden Museum.	2.21875
77443371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeke%20Chan	Zeke Chan	Zeke Chan Zhi Yue (; born 30 August 2007) is a Bruneian swimmer who competed in the 2024 Summer Olympics. Early life and education Chan attends Jerudong International School in addition to swimming for the Brunei national team. At nine years old, he began taking swim classes. However, it wasn't until he was eleven years old that he began swimming competitively with his childhood swimming club, Mabohai Swimming Club. He has pursued a variety of different interests over the years, including boxing, basketball, drumming, and other sports. He represented his school at the swimming competition during the 1st Brunei Darussalam Schools Games. He completed his IGCSE Edexcel course with 6 A*s, 1 A, and 2 Bs, despite the fact that he trains nine times a week (twice a day on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday). He said that he will pursue the International Baccalaureate for his pre-university course, and that swimming would be an integral component of his university preparation. Swimming career Chan, the youngest contender from Brunei, improved his performance from 35.20 seconds to 34.61 seconds in the boys' 13 and under 50-mter butterfly event on 11 November 2017, during the 41st Southeast Asian Age Groups Swimming Championships. On 24 June 2022, Chan finished 14th in the men's 200-meter freestyle, clocking in at 2:00.46s, at the 17th Singapore National Championships. He later helped the men's 4×100-meter freestyle relay team win the 2023 SEA Games in Cambodia on 10 May 2023, with a time of 3:38.20. Then, on 8 August 2023, in the men's 200-meter backstroke, a time of 2:11.72 earned 15th place in the 2023 Commonwealth Youth Games in Trinidad and Tobago.	1.9375
77443927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangsun%20Sheng	Zhangsun Sheng	Under Northern Zhou In 580, the Turkic leader Taspar Khagan sought marriage with Northern Zhou. Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou betrothed the daughter of his uncle Yuwen Zhao (宇文招) to him. However, following Xuan's death, Yang Jian, the regent for Emperor Xuan's son Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou, nevertheless offered Princess Qianjin. Next year Taspar also died and was followed by a short civil-war. The new khagan Ishbara continued the negotiations. During the marriage negotiations, both Northern Zhou and Ishbara Khagan showcased their native talents and selected brave warriors as envoys. As a result, Zhangsun Sheng was dispatched as an envoy, serving as an assistant to Yuwen Shenqing to escort Princess Qianjin. Khagan took a liking to Zhangsun Sheng and frequently invited him on hunts, leading to Zhangsun Sheng staying there for nearly a year. According to Chinese sources, during one outing, they encountered two eagles fighting over meat. Ishbara Khagan handed Zhangsun Sheng two arrows and said, "Please shoot them." Zhangsun Sheng rode swiftly, just as the eagles were grappling, and shot them both with a single arrow. Khagan was overjoyed and ordered all his nobles to befriend Changsun Sheng and learn his archery skills. This became a common motif in Chinese art later. Sheng later met Tardu, Apa and Chuluohou, Ishbara's subordinates and was specifically atteched to the latter. Taking advantage of his hunting trips, Sheng observed the geographical and military strengths and weaknesses of the Turks. Upon returning, Sheng reported the detailed situation of the Turks to Yang Jian, who was then the regent of Northern Zhou. Jian promoted Sheng to the position of Captain of the Chariots (奉車都尉).	2.40625
77443927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangsun%20Sheng	Zhangsun Sheng	Under Sui In 581, Northern Zhou was replaced by Sui dynasty and all the Yuwen clan was put to death. Meanwhile, incited by his wife, Ishbara started a campaign against new Sui dynasty. He was allied with Gao Baoning (高寶寧), the former Northern Qi general who was still holding Ying Province (營州, roughly modern Zhaoyang, Liaoning). His patron now in power, Sheng started to work as a strategist for the new Emperor Wen of Sui. In response, under advice from Sheng, the emperor carried out the strategy of placating Ishbara's subordinates. Sheng's memorial was thoroughly describing rivalries inside Turkic nobles: "Tardu, compared to Ishbara, has strong troops but a lower position. Outwardly they seem aligned, but inwardly their rift is evident. If we incite their feelings, they will inevitably fight each other. Chuluohou, Ishbara's brother, is cunning but weak, and though he curries favor with the people, they love him and thus he is distrusted by Ishbara, making him uneasy. Apa is hesitant and caught in the middle, somewhat fearing Ishbara, following his lead out of strength, but without a firm heart. We should now form distant alliances and attack nearby, separating the strong and uniting with the weak. By sending envoys to Tardu and persuading Apa, Ishbara will withdraw his troops to defend his right. By bringing in Chuluohou and connecting with the Khitan and Xi tribes, Ishbara will have to divide his forces to defend his left. With suspicions from end to end and internal discord, in a dozen years, we can take advantage of their strife and conquer their country in one strike." Adopting this strategy, emperor sent a wolf-head banner to Tardu as a sign of respect and favor. His envoys were placed above Ishbara's own. Zhangsun Sheng himself was promoted to General of the Chariots and Cavalry (車騎將軍) and was sent through the Huanglongdao (), carrying gifts to the Khitan, Xi, and Xianbei tribes, who acted as guides to reach Chuluohou.	2.15625
77444947	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw%20Pi%C3%B3rek	Władysław Piórek	Family On 11 August 1882, Władysław Piórek married Anna Maria Magdalena, née Folleher (1865–1945). She was the daughter of Joseph Folleher, owner of an estate in Silno. They had four children: Wanda (1888–1980) Łucjan Władysław (1891–1958). He studied in primary and secondary school in Bydgoszcz and decided to become a doctor. He studied medicine at several universities (Munich, Krakow, Berlin and Leipzig), during the difficult period of World War I. Eventually, Łucjan graduated from Leipzig in October 1917: he specialized in infectious diseases, gynecology, and later in surgery. After the end of World War I, he volunteered as a physician to the Polish army. As such he fought during the Greater Poland Uprising, the 1920 Polish–Soviet War, the third Silesian Uprising (1921) and the Polish Defensive War of 1939. He was taken prisoner by the Germans during the Battle of the Bzura. After his release in 1940, he settled permanently in Kutno where he worked as a doctor at the District Hospital, a family doctor, and a gynecologist. Łucjan Piórek died on 16 November 1958 in Kutno; Stanisław Stefan Augustyn (1892–1973). He had studied agronomy at the Agricultural University in Berlin and took over the management (but not the ownership) of the family estate in Silno. Thanks to his knowledge, the property thrived during the interwar. Stanisław married Helena Pyttlik in 1928. During WWII, the occupying forces appointed a new trustee to the estate, who pushed the Stanisław family to quick deportation to the work camp of Potulice on 1 September 1942. They ended up in a Resettlement Center in Łódź. After the liberation, the Piórek family could return to the Chojnice district: they were later reunited with Stanisław in November 1945. He then worked as a clerk and died in 1973.	2.421875
77444947	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw%20Pi%C3%B3rek	Władysław Piórek	Wanda Piórka (1888–1980) She graduated in 1907 from the boarding school of the Ursulines Sisters in Kraków. During this period, she came into contact with many Polish characters, such as the poet and playwright Lucjan Rydel, who gave her Polish lessons. Back to Bydgoszcz, she got involved in social work for the Polish Reading Room for Women () and the Society for Scientific Aid for Young Women. In January 1910, she married a Bydgoszcz lawyer, Wincenty Nowicki. The couple had two daughters, Zofia (born 1914) and Jadwiga (b. 1917). Wincenty served during WWI in Warsaw but died from illness in 1922. The same year, Wanda took for second husband Franciszek Górski. The latter was a merchant and owner of an export-import company in the Free City of Danzig. He was also the Norwegian consul in Madagascar, as his firm imported valuable raw materials from the island. As a consequence, the couple and Wanda's daughters lived from 1923 to 1926 in the then-French colony. Franciszek had been gassed as a Prussian soldier during the First World War and his health was fragile. His deteriorating state urged the family to return to Poland. During the trip back, Franciszek died on a plantation in Madagascar: his corpse was buried in a cemetery in Nîmes, France. Wanda and her daughters settled back again to Bydgoszcz in the family tenement house at 22 Focha Street. There, they lived by renting apartments in adjoining buildings. With economic independence, Wanda could throw herself into social activities in several associations and organizations, such as the Polish Red Cross or the Society of Friends of France ().	2.34375
77445169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhiying%20Zeng	Zhiying Zeng	Zhiying "Tania" Zeng (born 17 July 1966; Cantonese Yale: dzāng jī wihng) is a Chinese-Chilean table tennis player. Born in China, she represents Chile internationally. She qualified to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Zeng was part of the Chinese team prior to moving to Chile. Zeng had a long break and returned to table tennis as a competitor during the COVID-19 pandemic. She qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics and represented Chile in the sport, but lost in the preliminary round and did not advance. Biography Zeng was born in Guangzhou. Her mother was a table tennis coach and Zeng was raised near a sports complex with access to professional players. She was trained by her mother until the age of 9, and then joined an elite sports academy at age 11. She is friends with her former Chinese team teammate Ni Xialian, a Shanghai-born Luxembourgish table tennis player, whom she reconnected with at the 2024 Summer Olympics. By the time she became a professional player at age 12, she had already won a national junior championship. Zeng first made the Chinese table tennis team at age 16. According to Zeng, a 1986 rule change requiring the two sides of the table tennis racket to be different colors hurt her play, since she liked to confuse her opponents by frequently swapping sides during play. Zeng's playing style was now more predictable and she fell out of the Chinese national team's ranks. In 1989, Zeng took up an invitation to go to Chile and become a table tennis coach for schoolchildren in Arica. In 2003, Zeng began playing again as part of an effort to encourage her son to take up the sport. She won national-level tournaments in 2004 and 2005, when she stopped once her son was old enough to travel to competitions on his own.	2.109375
77445176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales%20Portucalenses%20Veteres	Annales Portucalenses Veteres	For José Mattoso, Luís Krus, and Mário Gouveia, the three versions follow one another in the chronological order of their last entry, with additions made to incorporate new events. They considered that there had been an original, finalized in 1079, made in the monastery of Santo Tirso de Riba de Ave, related to the lineage of Maia, as it is mentioned in the version ad annum 1079. This original was reworked in two recensions (brief and long) in the monastery of São Salvador de Grijó (until 1111), and these two recensions were reworked again in Santa Cruz de Coimbra (until 1168). None of these texts correspond to the ones that have come down to us, serving only as models: the Chronica Gothorum would be made from the two long recensions and the original, the version ad annum 1079 only from the latter, and the other two versions would come from the short recensions ending in their respective years. Later, Francisco Bautista proposed that the original version of the APVs was ad annum 1111, not only because it was the oldest copy but also because all of its events were set in a peninsular context, although they appear in the text mainly in relation to the Portuguese territory. The version ad annum 1168 would be a reworking of the previous one, already of a markedly Portuguese character, with a reduced version of the Laterculus of the kings of Asturias and the recording of events related to King Afonso Henriques. Consequently, the version ad annum 1079 would be the most recent, having been made as preparatory material for the Chronica Gothorum, which is why it includes information from other sources.	1.914063
77446288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astyanax%20cocibolca	Astyanax cocibolca	Conservation status Astyanax cocibolca is considered data deficient. This is primarily due to uncertainty regarding the distribution of the species, which can be attributed to limited sampling. Its type locality, Lake Nicaragua, is under ecological pressure from factors including cattle farming that leads to erosion, pesticide usage, and wastewater inflow from coastal towns; local government agencies are strongly considering an ecotourism program to prevent such factors from worsening conditions further. The island in the middle of the lake, Ometepe Island, is in the process of becoming a UNESCO biosphere reserve. This island is also considered a geological heritage site by the International Union of Geological Sciences, due to the volcanoes that formed it, and it is further its own archaeological dig site dating back roughly 2000 years, with petroglyphs, ceramics, and graveyards. These factors make Lake Nicaragua the focus of several different conservation efforts at once, which provides something of an ecological buffer for species such as A. cocibolca.	2.53125
77446306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axelle%20Saint-Cirel	Axelle Saint-Cirel	Axelle Saint-Cirel (born in 1995) is a French mezzo-soprano. She became well known to the general public for singing the French national anthem La Marseillaise at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Summer Olympic Games. Childhood and education Born in 1995 in the region of Paris to parents from Guadeloupe, Saint-Cirel spent part of her childhood in Malaysia. She then returned with her parents and attended the conservatory at Montbéliard. It was there that she was trained in lyrical singing, which allowed her to play a role in the opera Nox by Jacopo Baboni-Schilingi in Tokyo, New York, Beijing, and Shanghai. In 2017, Saint-Cirel attended the Pôle Supérieur de Boulogne-Billancourt. She then attended the Paris Conservatory in 2019. Career In February 2024, Saint-Cirel won the final of the 5th edition of the Overseas Voices Competition held at the Paris Opera and broadcast on Culturebox. She collaborated with Camélia Jordana, and played Anita in a production of West Side Story at the Paris Conservatory. On 26 July 2024, Saint-Cirel sang La Marseillaise during the opening ceremony of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, perched on top of the roof of the Grand Palais.	2.140625
77446451	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogpool	Dogpool	Dogpool is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is an alternate universe version of Deadpool that is a dog. Publication history Dogpool first appeared in Prelude to Deadpool Corps #3, serving as a major character in it and the subsequent Deadpool Corps series of comics. This version of Dogpool made his final appearance in Deadpool Kills Deadpool #1 from 2013, wherein he is killed by a villainous alternate universe version of Deadpool. At the 2024 San Diego Comic-Con, Marvel Comics announced a comic series created by Mackenzie Cadenhead and Enid Balám titled Dogpool, which features Dogpool alongside the debuting characters Catpool and Mousepool. Fictional character biography Dogpool is from Earth-103173, a universe in the Marvel Multiverse. In this universe, Wilson the dog was subjected to animal testing by a cosmetics company called Babeline in a project called Mascara-X, which sought to create a product that would grant customers eternal youth. After being horribly mutated by the experiments, he was left in a dumpster to die, but eventually escaped and was recruited by a circus that saw potential in his regenerative abilities. There, he performed death-defying tricks and adopted the name "Deadpool". He would eventually be rescued by the Deadpool of Earth-616 and join the Deadpool Corps, a superhero team composed of various versions of Deadpool from different universes. Dogpool became close friends with Kidpool, a child version of Deadpool, but would eventually be killed by an evil version of Deadpool. In other media	1.945313
77446656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naya%20Nuki%20Peak	Naya Nuki Peak	Naya Nuki Peak is a mountain summit in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Description Naya Nuki Peak is the second-highest peak in the Bridger Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. The peak is situated north of Bozeman in the Gallatin National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's east slopes drains into tributaries of the Shields River, whereas the west slope drains into tributaries of the East Gallatin River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises above Fairy Lake in and above North Fork Brackett Creek in . This mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1987 by the United States Board on Geographic Names as proposed by Bozeman school child Kristin Anderson to honor the real-life Shoshoni girl named Naya Nuki who was a friend of Sacagawea, the Shoshone Indian scout on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Both Naya Nuki and Sacagawea were kidnapped in a raid, but Naya Nuki escaped captivity and travelled alone 1,000 miles to return to her tribe. Naya Nuki Peak is located less than one-half mile immediately southeast of Sacagawea Peak. Climate According to the Köppen climate classification system, the mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer.	2.515625
77446838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo%20D%27Avalos	Palazzo D'Avalos	In the 17th-century, a fountain was commissioned in front by Cesare Michelangelo d'Avalos, In addition, a theater and grand staircase added. Because this Cesaro had allied himself with the Austrian Imperial forces during the War of Spanish Succession, he was exiled from Vasto from 1701 to 1713, and the palace was sacked. By the time of the Napoleonic invasions, the d'Avalos relocated to Naples. Much of the interiors by the early 1800s had been removed. The theater continued to screen works until 1832, when a work was given in honor of the King of Naples, Ferdinando II Bourbon. The commune purchased the palace in 1974. Collections The museo archeologico was moved ere from the former convent of San Francesco, in 1989–1998. Among its collections are included many Roman artifacts. The museo del costume antico was open in 1995 and has vestments dating from the 19th-century, including a hand carriage. The Pinacoteca collection was initially started with a donation in 1898 by the brothers Giuseppe, Filippo, Nicola e Francesco Paolo Palizzi and others. It was reopened in 1999. It includes works of Filippo Palizzi, Francesco Paolo Michetti, Gabriele Smargiassi, and Giulio Aristide Santoro. There is now a gallery of Arte Contemporanea with a nucleus formed by the donation of the Paglione-Olivares family, including works by the Italian artists Bonichi, Carmassi, De Stefano, Falconi and the Spaniards Mensa, Orellana, Ortega, Quetglas.	2.21875
77447038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndhurst%20Road	Lyndhurst Road	Lyndhurst Road is a residential street in the Belsize Park area of Hampstead. Located in the London Borough of Camden it runs west to east, linking Fitzjohns Avenue to Rosslyn Hill. Until the nineteenth century it was a rural area on the outskirts of the capital, occupied by Rosslyn House and its estate. As London expanded the Rosslyn House estate, as well as nearby Belsize House, were redeveloped into residential streets. The oldest stretch of Lyndhurst Road was laid out in 1862. It follows the route of Chestnut Walk (also known as Rosslyn Grove) a much older approach towards Rosslyn House. Rosslyn House, once an important country estate, was finally demolished in 1896 after much of its estate had already been sold off for redevelopment. The street takes its name from Lord Lyndhurst, the American-born politician and judge. This follows a theme of naming nearby streets after Lord Chancellors, due to the fact that Rosslyn House was named after a former owner Earl of Rosslyn who had held the post in the 1790s. The Victorian era Lyndhurst Hall in Kentish Town took its name from the street and the Congregationalist Church originally located in the road. Notable residents have included the politician Russell Rea and the actor Richard Burton. The latter is commemorated by a blue plaque at 6 Lyndhurst Road, erected in 2011. Two adjacent streets share their name with the road Lyndhurst Terrace and Lyndhurst Gardens. The latter features a number of listed buildings.	1.976563
77447166	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienna%20Green	Sienna Green	Sienna Rose Green (born 1 November 2004) is an Australian female water polo Olympian, who plays the centre back position. She competed for Australia at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the water polo women's tournament, and won a silver medal. Early and personal life Green was born in North Sydney, Australia, and is Jewish. She is the daughter of former water polo players Tessa and Antony Green; her father represented Australia at the 1989 Maccabiah Games (winning a bronze medal) and the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel. She has one older sister, Allie, and one older brother, Zac (who played for the Australian men's U18 water polo team, and plays water polo as a defender for UC Santa Barbara). She became interested in water polo at age nine as she saw it as a combination of her two favourite sports, swimming and basketball. She attended high school at SCEGGS Darlinghurst in Sydney, and lives in Mosman, Australia. Green is 193 cm (6 feet 4 inches) tall, and is the tallest person in her family. Water polo career Green's coach is Australian former Olympian Rebecca Rippon. Green played for the University of Sydney Water Polo Club (the Lions). With them, she won the U18 Australian Nationals competition in 2020, and an Australian Water Polo League (KAP7 Cup) title in 2021. She played in 2023 as a central defender for the University of California, Los Angeles, scoring 39 goals in the team's 29 games. The team made it to the NCAA semifinals, where it lost to Stanford University, which went on to win the national championship. Green was named Association of Collegiate Water Polo Coaches (ACWPC) All-American (Honorable Mention 2023), Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF) All-Newcomer Team (2023), and ACWPC All-Academic (Outstanding 2023). Green was captain of the Australian national U18 girls' team. She was captain and the highest goal-scorer of the Australian team at the 2022 FINA World Women's Youth Water Polo Championships in Belgrade, Serbia.	2.359375
77447442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Z%20West	A-Z West	A-Z West is an 80-acre compound and artwork by artist Andrea Zittel, located in the Mojave Desert in Joshua Tree, California. Zittel conceived of A-Z West as a project to explore psycho-social aspects of day-to-day living, "what it means to live," and functional systems for desert life. Zittel lived in A-Z West from 2000 to 2022. Artworks previously created by Zittel on the A-Z West compound include The Wagon Station Encampment, Regenerating Field (2002), and Planar Pavilions at A-Z West (2017). In 2002, Zittel and a group of collaborators - Lisa Anne Auerbach, John Connelly, Shaun Caley-Regen and Andy Stillpass - formed High Desert Test Sites (HDTS). Zittel stayed as the primary producer and supervisor for two decades. The nonprofit High Desert Test Sites assumed the management and stewardship of the land and artworks around 2022, and currently runs residencies, educational workshops, and art exhibitions on and around A-Z West. There are four original homestead cabins on the compound that Zittel converted into The A-Z West House, a library, a caretaker’s house, and additional dwelling units. The A-Z West House contains artworks based on Zittel’s idea of “life practice” - functional aesthetics for everyday living, from furniture to a chicken coop. Functional artworks in the home include Aggregated stacks, Linear sequence, and Hooks, energetic accumulators. Art writer Terry Myers discussed the philosophy of artist Robert Rauschenberg - known for exploring the space between art and life - as an inspiration to Zittel. Others have brought attention to Zittel's focus on the elemental aspects of life and environmental thinking, The A-Z West Studio was built in 2010-2011, and includes a ceramics workshop, wood shop, and weaving studio with seven floor looms, in addition to an office and the A-Z West Works Studio Store. A-Z West Works produces ceramics, textiles, and clothing products at the A-Z West Studio.	1.929688
77447839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cora%20Minnett	Cora Minnett	Cora Minnett (1868 – after 1918) was an Australian author, actress, and confidence trickster. Her birth name was Minnie Warren Jones, but she later assumed the stage name Cora Minnett Vane, and wrote under the pen name Pellew Hawker. She is known for her science fiction and fantasy novels. Early life and education Minnie Warren Jones was born in 1868, with her birthplace registered as Pittwater in the Colony of New South Wales. Her parents were Eliza Warren (1840–1902) and James Jones, and her sister, Ruth Jones, was later an artist and/or actor. Career Jones left school at 19, and in 1888 started her career as a stage actress called Cora Minnett Vane. She married to Adolphus J. Braggett in Sydney in 1892, but left him a few years later, returning to the stage as Cora Minnett. Her agent, subsequently manager, was Herbert Cowell, who said he was an actor who was born in New Zealand. They met in Melbourne in 1907, the year she divorced Braggett in New South Wales. She moved to London in 1910, where she lived at 117 St. George's Square. She registered herself in the telephone book as a journalist and author, and began writing novels under the names Cora Minnett and Pellew Harker. She also wrote and articles for Answers, the Ladies' Home Journal, and the Ladies' Home Companion. She also advertised her services as a clairvoyant. Her 1911 science fiction novel, The Day After To-Morrow is set in America, which has become a monarchy, in 1975. In this world, women enjoy equality with men, and it is regarded as an example of early feminist utopian science fiction. It is regarded as belonging to the sub-genre of "Pax Aeronautica". The Girdle of Kaf (1912) is a verse fantasy about the afterlife. Minnett published a story and poem titled "The Failure" on 16 April 1914 in the Northern Territory Times and Gazette.	1.96875
77447852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%20and%20the%20International%20Monetary%20Fund	India and the International Monetary Fund	India joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on December 27, 1945. As a founding member, India has played a significant role in shaping the policies and functioning of the IMF over the decades. India's relationship with the IMF has been strengthened and is firmly tight because the IMF helps it overcome economic challenges and meet developmental needs. During the post-partition period, India faced significant balance of payments deficits, prompting the IMF to provide financial assistance to stabilize its economy. Key financial engagements Post-independence, India faced significant balance of payments challenges, particularly in the years following partition and during the conflicts with Pakistan in 1965 and 1971.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provided crucial financial assistance during these periods to help stabilize the Indian economy. In 1981, India received a substantial loan from the IMF to address a severe foreign exchange crisis, marking a period of significant financial engagement as the country grappled with persistent deficits. In the early 1990s, India encountered another severe balance of payments crisis and sought the IMF's assistance. The support from the IMF contributed to stabilizing the economy by offering financial resources and policy recommendations. These recommendations included structural reforms such as the devaluation of the rupee, reduction of fiscal deficits, and liberalization of trade policies, which helped India overcome the crisis and set the stage for sustained economic growth. India's proactive engagement with the IMF is evident in its response to the 1991 crisis. By adhering to the IMF's conditions, India implemented significant economic reforms, including the liberalization of its trade regime, deregulation, and privatizing state-owned enterprises. These reforms played an important role in transforming India into one of the fastest-growing economies globally and enhancing its role in the international economic landscape.	2.375
77449020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squire%20Francis%20War	Squire Francis War	Maximilian of Austria returned to Holland and made plans to lay siege to Rotterdam. The Hooks attempted to take Schiedam in February 1489. Around February 11, 1489, the Siege of Rotterdam was begun and the city got surrounded by closed waterways through Jan III of Egmont, who at some point had 25,000 troops at his disposal. However, the city was not taken and it took until the end of June before the city was transferred by “treaty.” The purpose of the siege was to close off the shipping lanes and make further looting impossible. Arson attacks took place in Crooswijk and Ouderschie (today's Overschie). 600 Hooks carried out an attack on the city of Delft, but it was prevented in time by the city guard during a man-on-man battle at the Schie (May 1489). During a raid by the Hooks, the battle on the Lek occurred in June. This involved the presence of about 200 Hooks' flags. After the defeat of the Hooks, 350 Hooks, led by Jan van Naaldwijk, managed to escape in time and took refuge in Montfoort. In July/August, Hooks carried out arson and looting raids in and around The Hague, Delfland, Vlaardingen and Maasland. Skirmishes and attacks took place in Leiden and Gouda. The house ter Poelgeest was taken by the Hooks. In June 1490, the Hooks suffered a heavy defeat after a smuggling campaign at the battle of Moordrecht, along and on the Hollandse IJssel. Meanwhile, the siege of Rotterdam worsened living conditions there. Jan van Naaldwijk, captured at the Battle of Moordrecht, was released from Dordrecht in August/September. Van Naaldwijk had to persuade Rotterdam to surrender. Frans van Brederode decided to change course a month later and left Rotterdam with a considerably depleted fleet, shortly thereafter Woerden and Montfoort were also captured by Cods.	2.765625
77449161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thol%20Lake%20Bird%20Sanctuary	Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary	Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the Mehsana district of North Gujarat. It is one of the major wetland in Gujarat and it surrounds the Thol lake. It is famous for its migratory birds and was notified as Sanctuary in 1988 under Sec. 18 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. It was declared as a Ramsar site in 2021. It covers an area of 6.49 hectare and in 2013 its surrounding regions stretching at different places from 0.308 km to 2.244 km were declared as eco-sensitive zone. Fauna The sanctuary lies on the Central Asian Flyway. It supports more than 320 bird species including more than 30 threatened waterbird species such as: the critically endangered White-rumped vulture and Sociable lapwing; the vulnerable Sarus crane, Common pochard and Lesser white-fronted goose. The Red-breasted goose from Arctic Siberia was also spotted in the sanctuary. Issues With its rise in popularity, illegal restaurants have popped up in the surrounding of the lake to cater to birders and tourists which release wastewater to the take. Newly constructed Housing societies around the region are also polluting it due to the lack of proper sewage network.	2.453125
77449656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaliy%20Mykhaylovskiy	Vitaliy Mykhaylovskiy	Vitaliy Mykhaylovskiy (; born 10 November 1974) is a Ukrainian historian. He earned a Doctor of Historical Science degree in 2013 and became a professor in 2016. Biography Vitaliy Mykhaylovskiy was born on 10 November 1974 in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast. In 1997, he graduated from the Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute. A student of Professor Natalia Yakovenko. Between 1998 and 2005, Mykhaylovskiy worked at the Association of Ukrainian Writers. From 2005 to 2008, he was employed at Kyiv Slavonic University. Between 2008 and 2010, he worked at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Since 2010, he has been at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, where he became department chair in 2015 and professor of the Department of History of Ukraine in 2016. Mykhaylovskiy discovered the earliest written mention of Khmelnytskyi in the Central Archives of Historical Records: Ploskyrivtsi, which became the present-day Khmelnytskyi, was granted to Jan Czanstulowski by Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło in the Sopot on 10 February 1431 for one hundred hryvnias. According to Mykhaylovskiy, “This discovery happened quite unexpectedly. A layer of documents of that time was simply lifted". Works Mykhaylovskiy's research focuses on the social history of the Ruthenian lands from the late 14th to the 17th centuries, the history of Podillia, parliamentarism in Ukrainian lands from the 14th to the 17th centuries, and the historical geography of Podillia in the 14th to 16th centuries.	1.960938
77449864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panair%20do%20Brasil%20Flight%20099	Panair do Brasil Flight 099	After some delay on the route, caused by unfavorable weather conditions, the Constellation began the approach procedures to land at Canoas Air Base at 18:45. However, the landing was aborted, followed by a go-around. During the second landing attempt, contact with the tower was lost, followed by another go-around. Subsequently, the Constellation crashed into Morro do Chapéu (currently located between the municipalities of Gravataí and Sapucaia do Sul) around 19:25, exploding shortly after. The explosion caused a fire in the area two hours later. Due to the difficult access to the area, rescue teams took two hours to reach the wreckage, finding all crew and passengers dead. The work of removing the bodies and clearing the area, commanded by then-Colonel Olímpio Mourão Filho, took several days due to the extent of the area covered by the debris. Aftermath At the time of the accident, many flights were directed to Canoas Air Base because it had long, paved runways capable of accommodating large aircraft like the Constellation, but it operated only under visual conditions. In contrast, the São João airfield, located in Porto Alegre, had instruments to facilitate landings but did not have paved runways. The shock generated by the disaster was such that the São João Airfield was renamed Salgado Filho Airport, and the improvement works that had been halted during World War II were resumed. As a result, Salgado Filho Airport was equipped with a new passenger terminal and paved runways, eliminating the difficulties of operating large aircraft. It was then considered the worst air accident in Brazil. Two days after the incident, politician Joaquim Pedro Salgado Filho died in another air accident in Rio Grande do Sul, having not boarded Flight 099 due to a lack of seats. Composers Fernando Lobo and Paulo Soledade wrote the song "Zum-zum," in honor of "Comandante Edu," performed by Dalva de Oliveira at the 1951 Carnival.	2.484375
77450327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Columbus%20%28Zador%29	Christopher Columbus (Zador)	Christopher Columbus is an opera in one act by composer Eugene Zador with a German-language libretto by Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria. Zador, a Hungarian Jew, wrote the opera while voyaging across the Atlantic Ocean in 1939 to flee persecution from Nazi Germany. The work depicts the first voyage of Christopher Columbus to America in 1492. Soprano Josepha Chekova wrote an English-language translation to the work for its world premiere on October 8, 1939. Her translation has been used several times for performances of the work in the United States, including on a recording made by the American Symphony Orchestra in 1975. The opera is approximately one hour in length. Plot The opera occurs in a single act which is divided into five scenes. The first scene occurs in the Spanish court of Ferdinand and Isabella and dramatizes Columbus's successful funding campaign before the Spanish monarchs. The remaining four scenes all occur on board the Santa María with the final scene depicting Columbus's landing at San Salvador on 12 October 1492. History Eugene Zador was a Hungarian Jew who fled Austria on the day of the Anschluss to return to his native country. Recognizing that his safety in Europe was likely only temporary due to the rise of Nazi Germany, he sought employment in the United States and was able to secure a position on the faculty of the New York College of Music. The school obtained an American visa for Zador, and he sailed to the United States in 1939. While traveling across the Atlantic Ocean he wrote the music to his opera Christopher Columbus, making the score both a reflection of Columbus's journey to the New World but also a personal reflection of Zador's own journey to America at the time of the Holocaust.	2.96875
77450408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren%20Scruggs%20%28fencer%29	Lauren Scruggs (fencer)	Lauren Scruggs (born January 27, 2003) is an American left-handed foil fencer. Scruggs won a silver medal in women's individual foil at the 2024 Summer Olympics, making her the first Black American woman to win an individual fencing medal. She also won a gold medal in women's team foil at the same Olympics, along with Lee Kiefer, Jackie Dubrovich, and Maia Weintraub. Scruggs competes for the Harvard Crimson team in collegiate fencing. She has won an NCAA championship and is one of two black fencers from the United States to have won an individual world championship. Early life and education Scruggs grew up in Queens, New York. She was inspired to start fencing as a 6-year-old, after her older brother joined a fencing club in Brooklyn. She attended Packer Collegiate Institute, graduating in 2021. Her older brother Nolen fenced at Columbia University. She is a student at Harvard University and is majoring in philosophy. Career Scruggs is a two-time champion in the Junior World Fencing Championships, winning individual gold medals in 2019 and 2022 as well as other individual and team awards in 2018, 2021, and 2023. In 2023, she earned an individual gold medal at the NCAA Fencing Championships in Durham, North Carolina, and contributed to a fifth-place team finish for Harvard. In June 2023, she took bronze at the Pan American Fencing Championships in Lima. 2024 Summer Olympics On March 17, 2024, Scruggs qualified for the Paris Olympic Games by earning bronze at the Absolute Fencing Gear FIE Grand Prix in Washington, D.C. At the Games, she won the silver medal in the women's foil event, defeating Italian fencer Arianna Errigo and Canadian fencer Eleanor Harvey, among others, before losing 15–6 in the final to fellow American Lee Kiefer. This made Scruggs the first Black American woman to win an individual fencing medal at the Olympics. She also won a gold medal in the team competition.	1.9375
77450418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81nkarasm%E1%B9%9Bti%20%28Laghudharmaprakr%C4%81%C5%9Bik%C4%81%29	Śānkarasmṛti (Laghudharmaprakrāśikā)	Śānkarasmṛti (Laghudharmaprakrāśikā) is treatise in Sanskrit dealing with the customs and traditions of the people of medieval Kerala. The work calls itself Laghudharmaprakrāśikā and the term Śānkarasmṛti is not mentioned anywhere in the work. However at the end of every chapter there is a colophon which begins with the words sāṅkare dharmaśāstre which probably gave rise to the tradition of referring to the work as Śānkarasmṛti. The work is originally supposed to contain thirty-six chapters, but only the first twelve chapters have been unearthed. Thus in that sense, the currently available manuscripts of the work are incomplete. The work is about the traditions and customs of Kerala at the time the work was composed. Many of these customs called Keraḷācāra-s are peculiar to Kerala and are not seen among people in other parts of India. At several places in the text, the author of Śānkarasmṛti invokes a certain work titled Bhārgavasmṛiti as the authority for his pronouncements. But unfortunately the work Bhārgavasmṛiti has not so far seen the light of the day, and moreover, in the whole corpus Sanskrit literature, except in Śānkarasmṛti, there is no mention of a work titled Bhārgavasmṛiti. It is believed that Bhārgavasmṛiti must have been a fictitious invention of the author of Śānkarasmṛti. Authorship	1.960938
77450606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Doors%20of%20the%20Florence%20Baptistery	North Doors of the Florence Baptistery	In any case, the commission went to Ghiberti who, aided by his father and goldsmith Bartoluccio, set to work. Documentation concerning the doors is quite abundant and known mainly from seventeenth- and eighteenth-century folios. The contract of commission is dated November 23, 1403, in which it was stipulated that Lorenzo was to personally take care of the figures, trees and the like, allowing him to get some help from others including Bartoluccio. Father and son were to be paid two hundred florins a year, supervised by a three-member commission including Palla Strozzi (who was also Ghiberti's client). An average of three surveys per year was planned, with work starting on December 1, but some preliminary work delayed the start. These were probably the discussions regarding the subject matter, with the change of choice from the Old to the New Testament. The design and casting phases occupied a few years, but it was mainly the very long work of polishing and gilding that took a full two decades, with a host of helpers. A note of payment of uncertain date, between 1404 and 1407, listed Lorenzo and eleven helpers (not including Bartolo, since he was implicitly the head of the workshop with his son), among whom were Giuliano di ser Andrea, Bernardo Ciuffagni, and the young Donatello, aged about twenty; the others were Bandino di Stefano, Giovanni di Francesco, Michele di Nicolai, Michele known as “Scalcagna,” Jacopo d'Antonio da Bologna, Domenico di Giovanni, Maso di Cristofano (identified by some as Masolino) and Antonio di Tommaso (Bandino's nephew).	1.945313
77450722	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra%20Mollenhauer	Alexandra Mollenhauer	Alexandra Joy Mollenhauer (born May 4, 1998) is an American-Azerbaijani basketball player who plays as a small forward for CB Estudiantes and is a member of the Azerbaijan women's national 3x3 team. She is a two-time winner of the Islamic Solidarity Games (2017, 2021). Early life Alexandra Mollenhauer was born on May 4, 1998, in Texas in the United States to basketball player Scott Mollenhauer, who at one time played for such Azerbaijani clubs as Gala, NTD and Aztop, and after finishing his career, remained in Azerbaijan and began working as a coach. When Mollenhauer was 5 years old, her family moved to Azerbaijan, where she began playing basketball under the guidance of her father. Mollenhauer lived in Azerbaijan until she was 18, and then moved to the United States. Professional career At the age of 15–16, Mollenhauer had been recruited by the Azerbaijani national basketball team. In 2017, Mollenhauer won gold as part of the Azerbaijani national team at the III Islamic Solidarity Games in Baku. In August 2022, at the IV Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya, the Azerbaijani national team with Mollenhauer in the team managed to defend the title of champion of the Islamic Games. In April 2024, the Azerbaijani national team with Mollenhauer in the team became the winner of the 3x3 basketball qualification tournament in Hong Kong, for the first time in history, the team qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Personal life Mollenhauer's father, Scott Mollenhauer, is an assistant coach for the Azerbaijan women's basketball team.	1.960938
77450925	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Tinney	Joel Tinney	Joel Tinney (born June 12, 1995) is a University of Michigan lacrosse assistant coach and former Canadian professional lacrosse player who has played for various teams in the National Lacrosse League (NLL), Major League Lacrosse (MLL), and the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). He played collegiate lacrosse at Johns Hopkins University. He was drafted 18th overall of the 2018 NLL Entry Draft by the Georgia Swarm. Early Career and Education Born in Cambridge, Ontario, Joel Tinney was recognized early in his career. He played for team Canada Under-19 during the 2012 U19 World Championship in Turku, Finland, winning the silver medal. He attended Culver Academy in Indiana for high school, where he was ranked as the #2 freshman nationwide by Inside Lacrosse in 2014. He was named an Under-Armour All-American in 2014 before joining the Blue Jays. Collegiate career Tinney played midfield for the Johns Hopkins Blue Jays, where he was a two-time first team All-American, Big Ten Freshman of the Year in 2014, two-time All-Big Ten honoree, Big Ten team champion in 2015 and 2018, and team captain. He missed the 2016 season due to an undisclosed NCAA violation. Tinney graduated from Johns Hopkins in 2018 with a political science and government degree. Tinney became known for his hidden ball trick play against Navy, which went viral and was featured on ESPN's SportsCenter Top-10. Professional career Tinney's professional career began in 2018. In 2019, Tinney was traded from the Georgia Swarm to the New England Black Wolves. Throughout his career, he played for the New York Lizards, Atlas LC, Georgia Swarm, and the New England Black Wolves across the NLL, PLL, and MLL. Recent Activities and Coaching In 2023, Tinney took up a role as an assistant coach at the University of Michigan.	2.09375
77451262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiracial%20people%20in%20South%20Korea	Multiracial people in South Korea	Multiracial people in South Korea, or Multiracial South Koreans ( , "Mixed Blood"), are residents or citizens of South Korea who are of only partial Korean descent, often born to one Korean parent and one non-Korean parent. History While intermarriage occurred between Goryeo royals and leading families of the Yuan court during Mongol rule from the 13th century, a persistent concept of Korea as ethnically and culturally homogenous has prevailed in Korea, and continues as Korean ethnic nationalism. Multiracial non-royal individuals have lived in Korea since at least the Joseon period, with one of that era's best-known cases being the first descendants of the Byeongyeong Nam clan, founded by a Dutchman who accompanied Hendrik Hamel. Centuries later, the population of multiracial Koreans, in particular "Amerasian" war babies, rose drastically during and shortly after the Korean War. Since the mid-2010s, South Korea has seen a rise in interracial relationships between native Koreans and foreign residents and subsequent births of multiracial children. It is believed that this phenomenon is a result of the popularization of South Korean media abroad (Korean Wave), and its ongoing population crisis. Terminology There are many terms by which multiracial South Koreans are either referred to by monoracial Koreans, or identify with themselves. Below is a list of frequently used terms.	3.09375
77451262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiracial%20people%20in%20South%20Korea	Multiracial people in South Korea	In other languages Amerasian — An American term used to refer to multiracial people born to an East Asian or Southeast Asian mother and a U.S. military father. Afro-Asian — A term used to refer to peoples of mixed Sub-Saharan African and Asian descent. Blasian — A more colloquially used term to refer to people of mixed Sub-Saharan African and Asian descent. The term "Blasian" is a portmanteau of "Black" and "Asian". The term was first coined in 2001 by Zak Heaton, a Korean adoptee raised in an African American family. Since then, "Blasian" has become associated with multiracial Afro-Asian individuals, as well as Black and Asian partners in interracial relationships. Eurasian — A term used to refer to people of mixed European (White) and Asian descent. Wasian — Also spelled "whasian", "Wasian" is a portmanteau of "White" and "asian, and is used to refer to people of mixed European and Asian ancestry. Similar to how "Blasian" is often used in place of its more formal alternative, Wasian is a colloquial term often used in place of "Eurasian". Hapa — A Hawaiin transliteration of the English word "half", used often by multiracial people of partial Asian descent. Korinoy — Filipino translation of the Korean term "kopino", used to refer to people of multi-ethnic Korean and Filipino origin.	2.796875
77451395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandu%20culture	Pandu culture	The Pandu culture is an archaeological culture from the chalcolithic period of India, spanning around 1600 BC to 750 BC. The type site is Pandu Rajar Dhibi, where black and red ware and tools made from bone and copper were found alongside remains of human body. It extends from the foothills of the Chota Nagpur Plateau to the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly river basin, covering a considerable part of southwestern or Rarh and coastal regions of modern-day West Bengal; from Birbhum in the north to Purba Medinipur in the south. Most of the Pandu settlements were small-scale, mainly concentrated in the Ajay, Damodar and Rupnarayan, Hooghly river valleys. Major settlements during the peak phase of this Chalcolithic culture (1000 BC) include Pandu Rajar Dhibi, Mahisdal, Mangalkot, Bharatpur, Dihar, Baneshwardanga, Pakhanna and Tamluk. These were contemporary with the later Harappan and Vedic period. The Pandu culture was extensively dependent on agriculture. The presence of rice provides evidence of the beginning of rice cultivation and agriculture in eastern India and Bengal. From the late phase of Chalcolithic, iron began to be used. Clay floors, reed and clay structural remains, and pit-stocks have been documented from various settlements. Structural remains in the form of mud-rammed floor, reed impressed clay chunks, and pit-silos are recorded at several sites indicating wattle-and-daub structure. These cultural settlements were weakened and destroyed when the Second Urbanization began, and new settlements and trade centers emerged in the delta region. Geography The Pandu culture flourished in the present-day eastern Indian state of West Bengal, which is the western part of the historical Bengal region.	3.140625
77451395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandu%20culture	Pandu culture	The culture thus spread in the lower Ganges valley, from the Bhagirathi-Hooghly River, one of the two main tributaries of the Ganges, in the east to the eastern fringes of the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the west. It was centered on the Mayurakshi, Ajay, Kunur, Damodar, Dwarakeswar and Rupnarayan river valleys, as well as extending south to the sea coast. Its historical center or core lay around the confluence of the Ajay and Kunur rivers, the area where most of the archaeological sites have been discovered. The valleys of the rivers originating from the Chotanagpur plateau and the Rajmahal hills where the culture flourished, had fertile farmland and availability of water, which created favorable conditions for agriculture in the region. A total of 76 cultural sites have been identified, ranging from small villages to the ruins of large settlements. Technology and Material Culture Settlements In terms of overall size, most of the settlements were very small except for a few archeological sites such as Pandu Rajar Dhibi in Purba Bardhaman district or Mahisdal in Birbhum district, and these smaller settlements did not last as long as the larger ones. The settlements were along the river banks; it is assumed that the main reasons for settlement along the river banks were the fertile land and water supply of the river valleys. Archaeologists have unearthed a large number of artefacts from these ancient ruins. The largest collections of Pandu culture artefacts are found at museums in Kolkata, including the State Archaeological Museum of West Bengal. These settlements consisted of mud houses, traces of which have been completely obliterated. The people of this culture used to decorate the floors of their houses with a layer of burnt husks and mud. The houses were doubtless built of simple and perishable materials, and the presence of large quantities of ash on the floors indicates their fire hazard.	2.875
77451395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandu%20culture	Pandu culture	The practice of decorating pottery was prevalent. For red wares decoration, dots and 'dashes' (-), brackets (parallel, vertical and horizontal), pointed triangles, ladders, square designs etc. were used. Patterns of starfish designs have also been found. Dots and dashes, vertical and horizontal parallel lines were used in the decoration of black and red ware. Graffiti were also found on some red ware pots. Sculptures A few terracotta figurines have been recovered from archaeological sites belonging to this culture, including one at Rajar Dhibi and two at Mahishdal. Notable idols are terracotta figures of mother goddess, gymnast, terracotta phallus. Weapons and tools Tools were made from stone, organic materials (bone, horn and antler) and copper. Copper was used to make flutes, kohl-sticks, and arrowheads, while bone items included sharp weapons, arrowheads, needles, and harpoons. Burial There is archaeological evidence of three types of burials at settlements, these are a) extended burials, b) fragmentary burials and c) Urn-burials. It is not known, however, whether the variation in burials is a sign of differences in status or is related to differences in burial treatment of the dead within communities or within groups within communities. No objects or products of the person's use were found in the burials, making it impossible to identify the individual significance of the deceased. In Pandu Rajar Dhibi (Mound of King Pandu), bodies were found lying in an east-west orientation, whereas in the Haraipur burial ground, the dead were found lying in a north-south orientation. This leads to the assumption that the concept and belief of the orientation of the corpse in burial did not arise among the people of this culture.	2.875
77451987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothrops%20otavioi	Bothrops otavioi	Bothrops otavioi, also known as Jararaca-de-Vitória in Portuguese, is an endangered species of pit viper from Vitória Island, São Paulo, Brazil. It is considered one of the top 30 most endangered viper species, possibly critically. The species is named after Otavio A. V. Marques, a prominent herpetologist at the Instituto Butantan. Similarly, the English name 'Vitória's Lancehead' has been suggested for common use. Description Bothrops otavioi is similar B. jararaca and is distinguishable by its smaller males, fewer and larger intersupraocular scales, fewer ventral scales in females, fewer subcaudal scales in males, fewer and more rounded anterior cephalic scales and differences in male genitalia. B. otavioi can also be distinguished from B. alcatraz by its fewer intersupraoculars, more ventrals, more subcaudals in males as well as its longer tail and head. It can also be distinguished from B. insularis by its brown colours, fewer intersupraoculars and anterior cephalic scales as well as its smaller males. The species is characterised by its brown colouration as well as its black tail tips. At 38.8 cm snout-vent length, B. otavioi males reach sexual maturity while females reach maturity at 69.2 cm. Diet/behaviour Bothrops otavioi is arboreal and nocturnal, it is also known to eat small hylid frogs. It is likely that the species uses its dark tail tips to lure in frogs, as other Bothrops species are known to do, as their tails often bear scarring.	2.34375
77452103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrownagappul%20Bog	Carrownagappul Bog	The Carrownagappul Bog (Irish: Portach Ceathrú na gCapall) Special Area of Conservation or SAC is a Natura 2000 site in County Galway, close to the town of Mountbellew in County Galway, Ireland. The site qualifies for Special Area of Conservation status under three criteria: the presence of active raised bog, of degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration, and of depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion. Location The Carrownagappul Bog SAC is located approximately 3 km north of the town of Mountbellew in east County Galway, in the townlands of Ballynalahy, Carrownagannive, Carrownagappul, Cloonconore, Gunnode, Springlawn and Tully. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site (S.I. No. 140/2017) identifies it as encompassing an area of 485.66 hectares. A detailed map of the SAC area is included in the National Parks and Wildlife Service Conservation Objectives for the site. A satellite map (and illustrative video) of the bog is also available from the Carrownagappul project website, Galway's Living Bog. The archival records for Carrownagappul on the Logainm.ie website (the Placenames Database of Ireland, which records the placenames data, records and research of the State) note that the anglicised name ‘Carrownagappul’ or in the original Irish language, Ceathrú na gCapall, corresponds to “the quarter of the horses”. No further explanation is given there to link the area to horses. The writer and historian Patrick Weston Joyce also referred to Carrownagappul as “Ceathramha-na-gcapall, quarter-land of the cappuls or horses”. The ‘’ceathrú’’ or ‘quarter’ is a division of land, while ‘capall’ is an Irish word for horse.	2.296875
77452103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrownagappul%20Bog	Carrownagappul Bog	Special Area of Conservation qualification The Carrownagappul Bog site was proposed as a Natura 2000 site (‘Site of Community Importance’ or SCI) in 1998 under the Habitats Directive. Statutory Instrument No. 140 of 2017, establishing the site as an SAC (Site code: 001242), was passed in 2017. The ecological features for which this site received a Special Area of Conservation designation are: Active raised bogs (Annex I priority feature) [Natura 2000 code 7110] Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [Natura 2000 code 7120] Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion habitat [Natura 2000 code 7150] The Biodiversity Information System for Europe website notes that Carrownagappul Bog comprises one of the largest extant areas of uncut high bog surface in East Galway, with a relatively large area of active raised bog. The Carrownagappul Bog site is also a proposed National Heritage Area site or pNHA. Close to the Carrownagappul Bog SAC are the Curraghlehanagh Bog and Shankill West Bog SAC sites, which are also pNHA sites, Derrinlough (Cloonkeenleananode) Bog SAC, which is also a Natural Heritage Area (or NHA), the Suck River Callows (a Special Protection Area and NHA), and Summerville Lough, a pNHA. The Galway County Geological Site Report of 2019 notes that Carrownagappul bog is ranked as a County Geological Site due to the geological and hydrogeological process of peat growth, and that it should be designated as a Geological NHA. The bedrock at the site is primarily Lower Carboniferous limestone. The peat at the site was laid down approximately 7,000-10,000 years ago, and is of the Quaternary period, having formed in marshy conditions since deglaciation.	2.5
77452103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrownagappul%20Bog	Carrownagappul Bog	Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion The habitat type “Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion” consists of “Highly constant pioneer communities of humid exposed peat or, sometimes, sand, with Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora fusca, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, and Lycopodiella inundata, forming on stripped areas of blanket bogs or raised bogs, but also on naturally seep- or frost-eroded areas of wet heaths and bogs, in flushes and in the fluctuation zone of oligotrophic pools with sandy, slightly peaty substratum. These communities are similar, and closely related, to those of shallow bog hollows (Pal. 51.122) and of transition mires (Pal. 54.57).” This habitat is found in both active and degraded raised bog at Carrownagappul. These are considered to be best developed and most stable in the wettest areas of active raised bog. It occurs most frequently in one of the Sub-Central Ecotope Complexes It is to be found in wet depressions, pool edges and erosion channels. The flora includes white beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba), brown beak-sedge (Rhynchospora fusca), and at least some of the following associated species: bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), carnation sedge (Carex panicea), deergrass (Trichophorum cespitosum) and species of sundews (Drosera spp.). Lagg zone One feature of raised bogs is a transition zone or lagg, between the peat and adjoining mineral soils, where water from the surrounding soils collects and mingles with the water from the bog itself. Intact lagg areas are uncommon now, due to peat cutting, and are of considerable interest from a conservation aspect. The lagg zone of Carrownagappul Bog (approximately 0.5 hectares) is nearly intact and has been surveyed. It included five vegetative communities, ranging from ombrotrophic bog (community A) at the high bog margin through heathy Molinia grassland (communities B and C) to wet fen in the lagg proper (communities D and E).	2.203125
77452103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrownagappul%20Bog	Carrownagappul Bog	EU LIFE project The European Union LIFE programme funds climate- and environmental-related projects. One of these projects is The Living Bog – Raised Bog Restoration Project (LIFE14 NAT/IE/000032), carried out under EU LIFE Nature & Biodiversity funding. This project initially ran from 2016 to 2021 and involved 12 Irish bogs in seven counties, restoring over 2,600 hectares of important raised bog habitat. One of the sites involved is the Carrownagappul Bog SAC. The project involved both restoration work at the bog and public engagement work. Approximately 3,000 peat dams were installed at the cutover bog and high bog. A flume was installed to monitor the water runoff from the bog. An interpretive centre was developed at Galway Teleworks/Mountbellew Mart (as the habitat is too sensitive to allow for such a development to be built on the site itself. Paths and tracks were installed. The Living Bog restoration project was nominated for a Natura 2000 award in 2020. The peatland restoration work of The Living Bog concluded in March 2022. “…the project has improved the condition of over 2,650ha of raised bog habitat and is on target to achieve over 720ha of Active Raised Bog habitat across the project sites, which will equate to an increase of over 50% since 2016. It is also estimated that an extra 100 tonnes of CO2 is being sequestered per year as a result of the work, and this will increase in the coming years as vegetation becomes established and the bogs achieve renewed equilibriums.”	2.6875

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