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77453713
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Sudan%20floods
|
2024 Sudan floods
|
In 2024, the North African country of Sudan experienced flooding caused by heavy rainfall. Flooding beginning in July caused the deaths of at least twelve people, with seven more people injured and at least 12,506 people in total affected.
Flooding during 2024 was significant due to its concurrence with the Sudanese civil war and its resulting humanitarian crisis causing the internal displacement of millions of Sudanese citizens, exacerbating the damages caused by the floods to already-vulnerable populations.
Background
As of late-March 2024, an estimated 7.2 million Sudanese citizens were internally displaced as a result of nationwide conflict and war crimes committed during the Sudanese civil war beginning in 2023. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported that all of Sudan's 18 states experienced displacement, with most refugees coming from the Sudanese capital of Khartoum, which accounted for "about 69 percent of the total number of displaced people, followed by West Darfur with more than 17 percent".
The vulnerability of displaced citizens was especially prominent in the Darfur region, where attacks on hospitals, widespread looting, and blockades on several cities preventing the delivery of humanitarian aid and other resources caused major shortages of medical supplies and food.
Meteorology
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC) predicted that from 24 July to 31 July, an estimated 13.4 million Sudanese people in the Eastern and Western regions of Sudan would face "exceptionally heavy rainfall". The ICPAC's Disaster Operations Centre (DOC) issued warnings in these regions and especially in Kassala, urging civilians to relocate to higher ground. The center noted that insufficient maintenance of the banks and tributaries of the Mereb River, as well as of water channels in Kassala would greatly worsen the amount of flooding and damage to infrastructure caused by the heavy rainfall.
| 2.328125
| 0
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77453713
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Sudan%20floods
|
2024 Sudan floods
|
The Kassala Meteorological Department recorded that of rain fell in Kassala, fell in Wad Sheriffe, and fell in Gharb Kassala on 25 to 26 July, which were the highest rainfall amounts in several years for each region.
Impact
From 23 to 25 July 2024, the IOM reported that storms across North Darfur produced heavy rainfall, causing flooding that destroyed roughly 1,018 houses in the town of Zamzam located in the Al-Fashir locality, displacing their households. 149 houses suffered partial damage, and 816 latrines were destroyed. The Zamzam Internally Displaced Persons Camp was primarily affected by the flooding.
Flooding in Kassala State affected 10,180 people or more, of whom most were displaced citizens that recently arrived from Sennar State, and were located at five reception centers in the Gharb Kassala locality. Many of the impacted were shelterless and lived next to roads, rendering them more susceptible to flooding and water-borne illnesses. The flooding damaged several water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, and submerged roads and displacement tents. At least five deaths were reported in the region, three of whom drowned in the Mereb River, and one child dying at an IDP camp. Flooding also impacted people in the Reifi Kassala, Shamal Al Delta, Aroma, and Gharb Kassala localities. Many displacement shelters were heavily flooded due to not having drains installed and due to flooded latrines, destroying and contaminating food, blankets, clothes, and many other essential supplies.
Flooding on 25 to 26 July displaced roughly 500 people and destroyed 100 houses in Aroma town located in the Reifi Aroma locality. On 26 July, 85 houses were "completely destroyed" and 35 more were "partially destroyed" in Al Koma, while twenty-two houses were destroyed and thirteen more partially so in Ghibash village, displacing about 107 households in the Al Koma locality altogether.
| 1.984375
| 0
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77454273
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dev%C4%81c%C4%81rya
|
Devācārya
|
Devācārya was an Indian astronomer hailing from Kerala, India who flourished during the second half of 7th century CE. He is the author of a karaņa text on astronomy titled Karaņaratna which deals with almost every aspect of planetary astronomy generally discussed in other Indian texts on astronomy. This work is important in the study of history of astronomy in India as it sheds valuable light on the methods used by the astronomers of South India, in the seventh century CE, in their astronomical computations. No personal information about Devācārya is known except that his father's name was Gojanma and that Devācārya was a great devotee of Viṣṇu, Ŝiva and Brahma. That he flourished during the second half of the seventh century CE is inferred from the fact the epoch (the date from which the planetary computations are to be commenced) specified in Karaņaratna is the first day of the year 611 Saka Era which corresponds to 26 February 689 CE.
A noteworthy contribution
There is one significant point that needs special mention: Devācārya is the first astronomer to give a rule for finding the precession of equinoxes. He has based his rule on the assumption that the precession of the equinoxes is oscillatory and its rate is about 47 seconds per annum. The modern value of the rate is 50.3 seconds per annum. The rule appears in stanza 36 Chapter 1 of Karaṇaratna.
Devācārya, a Kerala astronomer
There are several evidences which conclusively establish that Devācārya hailed from Kerala, India:
| 2.484375
| 0
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77454343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yip-Wah%20Chung
|
Yip-Wah Chung
|
Yip-Wah Chung (born 1950) is a materials scientist at Northwestern University. He is a professor of materials science & engineering, and, by courtesy, of mechanical engineering within the McCormick School of Engineering, and serves as co-director of the mechanical engineering–materials science & engineering Master of Science program.
Chung was raised in Hong Kong, and holds a B.S. and an M.S. in physics from the University of Hong Kong, as well as a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley. He joined Northwestern, after obtaining his doctorate; at Northwestern, he previously served as department chair of materials science & engineering (1992–1998).
His research includes work on energy efficiency, surface engineering, and tribology. In 2016, Chung, Jiaxing Huang, and other co-authors published an article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences describing how a lubricant containing crumpled graphene could provide higher lubrication performance than other lubricant oils. In 2017, Chung was featured in the Northwestern Engineering magazine for his research on improving energy efficiency. The article describes a development by Chung and others on reducing friction within automobiles. Their development, a lubricant additive, "can reduce friction by up to 70 percent and wear by up to 90 percent compared to conventional lubricant counterparts." In 2019, Chung was interviewed by Tribology & Lubrication Technology. In his interview, he expressed sentiment that communication skills are a vital part of career tribology, and are not emphasized enough in education.
| 2.15625
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77454433
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity%20Lowthian
|
Trinity Lowthian
|
Trinity Lowthian (born January 29, 2002) is a Canadian wheelchair fencer.
Early life and education
Lowthian attended South Carleton High School. While in grade ten and eleven, Lowthian became sick and spent time at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. In 2018, she was diagnosed with autoimmune autonomic neuropathy. Prior to her illness, Lowthian competed in biathlon, triathlon, cross-country and water polo. She is studying nutrition and food science at the University of Ottawa.
Fencing
Lowthian began wheelchair fencing in May 2022 with the Ottawa Fencing Club. She has no function in her lower body and competes in the B class.
At the 2022 Pan American Championships in Brazil, she won three bronze medals and one silver. In September 2023, she was ranked number one in U23 wheelchair épée fencing in the B category, after placing sixth in U23 women's B épée at the 2022 World Cup and winning bronze in the U23 combined A and B class épée at the 2023 World Cup in Busan. At the 2023 IWAS Pan Am championships, Lowthian, with Sylvie Morel and Amber Briar, won bronze in the women’s épée team event. At the 2024 IWAS Wheelchair Fencing Americas Championships, Morel, Briar, and Lowthian, again won bronze in the women’s épée team event.
At the 2024 Americas Cup, Lowthian won gold in women's B Sabre and épée and a bronze medal in foil. She competed for Canada in wheelchair fencing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics, and placed fifth in women's épée B and thirteenth in women's sabre B. She was one win away from the bronze medal match in épée, losing her fourth round repechage 14 to 15, which was Canada's best wheelchair fencing result at a Paralympics.
| 2.109375
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77454553
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th%20Louisiana%20Native%20Guard%20Infantry%20Regiment
|
4th Louisiana Native Guard Infantry Regiment
|
The 4th Louisiana Native Guard Infantry Regiment was an African-American unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 4th Native Guard was later redesignated as the 4th Regiment, Corps d' Afrique, and then finally as the 76th US Colored Infantry Regiment. The Regiment took part in battles at Port Hudson, Louisiana, and Fort Blakely, Alabama before being mustered out of service in December, 1865.
Formation
The regiment was organized on February 10, 1863, at New Orleans as the 4th Regiment Louisiana Native Guard Infantry. The first 3 Native Guard Union regiments of Black troops had been formed in late 1862 after Union forces under General Benjamin F. Butler captured the city. New Orleans had a sizeable population of free people of color, and free Black men had served in the Louisiana militia since the French colonial period. When the Native Guard regiments were first organized, some of the officers were Black men, but General Nathaniel P. Banks, Butler's successor as commander of Union forces in New Orleans, sought to remove them from their positions. He wrote in February as the 4th Regiment was being organized that the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Native Guard regiments had "negro company officers, whom I am replacing, as vacancies occur, by white ones, being entirely satisfied that the appointment of colored officers is detrimental to the service." and that "The officers of the Fourth Regiment will be white men." Prejudices such as those held by Banks prevented Black soldiers from being commissioned as officers in the US Army until after the Civil War, all of the officers of the 4th Native Guard were white veterans from other Union regiments.
| 2.78125
| 0
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77454553
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th%20Louisiana%20Native%20Guard%20Infantry%20Regiment
|
4th Louisiana Native Guard Infantry Regiment
|
The 4th Native Guard was initially assigned to guard the defenses of New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The Regiment then took part in the siege of Port Hudson beginning in May 1863, as Union forces sought to dislodge the Confederates from their strongpoints along the Mississippi River. The Confederates at Port Hudson surrendered on July 9, this victory along with the capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi a few days earlier, secured control of the entire Mississippi river for the Union.
Garrison duty
On May 1, 1863, General Banks ordered the creation of the Corps d'Afrique, to be made up of 18 regiments of Black soldiers. The 4th Native Guard was redesignated as the 4th Corps D'Afrique Infantry Regiment on June 6. Banks extended conscription to Black men in Union-held parts of Louisiana to fill the ranks of these regiments. The men in the Corps D'Afrique were recruited (both willingly and through conscription) from New Orleans and local plantations. Many only spoke French and the Army had to appoint instructors to teach the recruits English.
| 3.078125
| 0
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77454555
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portrait%20with%20His%20Wife%20and%20a%20Glass%20of%20Champagne
|
Self-Portrait with His Wife and a Glass of Champagne
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According to his own statements, Lovis Corinth and Charlotte Berend, who opted for the double name Berend-Corinth, married the following year on March 26, 1903. According to the Charlottenburg registry office, the wedding did not take place until March 1904 - this personal "bringing forward" is explained by the fact that their son Thomas Corinth was born on October 13, 1904, meaning that the bride was already pregnant at the time of the wedding.
Classification in the artistic work
The painting Self-Portrait with Charlotte Berend and Champagne Goblet can be classified in many ways in Lovis Corinth's oeuvre, whereby its function as a double portrait and at the same time as a self-portrait and portrait of Charlotte Berend, later Charlotte Berend-Corinth, stands in the foreground. Corinth created numerous self-portraits, usually painting one for each of his birthdays. According to Carl Georg Heise, he left behind 42 paintings with self-portraits, as well as numerous sketches, drawings and graphic sheets with his portrait. He painted around 80 paintings of his wife, in which he explicitly depicted her - in addition, there are numerous other pictures in which she posed for him without this being particularly emphasized.He noted that Corinth's portraits turned out to be particularly passionate the more personal they became for him, and it was therefore easy to understand "which portrait models ignited Corinth's artistic genius most passionately: his own appearance and that of those closest to him."
| 2.078125
| 0
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77455211
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quentin%20Buvelot
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Quentin Buvelot
|
Quentin Buvelot (born 1969 in Utrecht)
is a Dutch art historian. He works as the chief curator at the Mauritshuis in The Hague, and is regarded as a specialist in the painting of the Dutch Golden Age.
Biograpahy
Buvelot studied art history and archaeology at Utrecht University from 1987 to 1993. Subsequently, he worked there as a junior lecturer in 1994. From June 1994 to May 1995, he served as a guest curator for the Koninklijk Paleis in Amsterdam, where he prepared an exhibition on the architect Jacob van Campen. From 1996 to 1998, he worked for the Parisian Fondation Custodia, where he compiled a catalog of Dutch and Flemish paintings in the Musée Fabre in Montpellier.
Buvelot has been a curator at the Mauritshuis in The Hague since 1996. Since then, he has organized numerous exhibitions, often in collaboration with art historians from international partner museums. He has published numerous texts on these and other topics. He is a board member of the art foundation Vereniging Rembrandt, a board member of the RKD – Netherlands Institute for Art History, and chair of the program committee of CODART, an international network of curators of Dutch and Flemish art.
| 2.171875
| 0
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77455332
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Sung
|
Rachel Sung
|
Rachel Sung (; born July 9, 2004) is an American table tennis player who competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Early life and education
Sung is the daughter of Michael Sung and Tzuying Li, who met while at a table tennis tournament in college in Taiwan. Sung started playing table tennis at age seven. She has an older sister, Trinity, and a twin sister, Joanna, who is also a table tennis player.
Sung attends the University of California, Los Angeles, where she is majoring in cognitive science, specializing in computer programming, with a minor in film, television and media. She was roommates with her doubles teammate and longtime friend Amy Wang.
Career
In November 2021, she competed at the 2021 World Table Tennis Championships in the doubles event with her twin sister Joanna. In December 2021 she competed at the 2021 ITTF World Youth Championships and won silver medals in the doubles and team events. She then competed at the 2022 Pan American Table Tennis Championships and won a gold medal in the doubles event, and a silver medal in the team event.
In November 2023, she competed at the 2023 Pan American Games and won gold medals in the doubles and team events.
In March 2024, Sung was named to team USA's roster to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics. During the team event, Sung, Amy Wang and Lily Zhang lost to Germany in the first round.
| 2.234375
| 0
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77455805
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabata%20Kihachi
|
Tabata Kihachi
|
Tabata Kihachi V (Japanese:五代田畑喜八) is a Japanese textile artist who specializes in dying kimono using the technique of dyeing.
Biography
Tabata was born on November 12 1935 in Kyoto. His real name is Yoshihiko. He graduated from the First Literature Department of Waseda University, specializing in Fine Arts, and completed the Japanese Painting Department at Kyoto City University of Arts. In 1985, he held a Japanese dyeing and weaving exhibition in Genoa. In 1987, he became the chairman of Kyoto Saigei Art Cooperative and the president of the Japan Hand-Painted Dyeing and Weaving Federation. In 1995, he succeeded as the fifth generation.
Awards
In 2006, Tabata Kihachi V received the Order of the Rising Sun, Double Rays.
Style
Tabata's work usually features classical Japanese patterns and motifs.
He is well known for his use of the color blue which is often called "Tabata Blue". He often visits department stores to research what colors are popular.
He also often references works found in his family kimono collection, The Tabata Collection.
| 2.4375
| 0
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77455849
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20Response%20Rooms
|
Emergency Response Rooms
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Most ERRs are not legally registered. ERRs are community funded but also receives funds from Non-governmental organization, international development agencies, charities, individuals, and local businesses. Nonetheless, in a press release in April 2024, U.S. representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district Ilhan Omar stated that there is a "need to significantly ramp up direct funding for Emergency Response Rooms – not only providing essential services but demonstrating our commitment to supporting civilian rule in Sudan."
Nevertheless, ERRs have faced significant challenges, including being targeted by both sides of the civil war, including arrest and abduction, rape, and killing. For example, three ERRs volunteers were killed in 2023 while trying to assist civilians in Al Fiteihab, Khartoum, and two more were killed in Naivasha Market.
ERRs is considered as an example of the decolonisation of aid. The decolonisation of aid refers to efforts to transform the international aid system by addressing and dismantling the power imbalances and colonial legacies that have historically shaped it.
| 2.015625
| 0
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77456079
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella%20Ramsay
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Ella Ramsay
|
Ella Ramsay (born 12 July 2004) is an Australian Olympic swimmer who competed at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Early life
Ramsay was born in 2004 in Ipswich, Queensland. Her father Heath Ramsay had competed for Australia as a butterfly swimmer but he had retired from competitive swimming and ran a swim centre in Ipswich.
Career
Ramsay demonstrated her versatility and performance at the Australian Age Championships in 2021. She raced in the 50, 100 and 200 metres freestyle and 100 and 200 metres breaststroke. She completed both the 200m and 400m individual medleys. She earned fourteen medals and in the following year, she defended her position in five different disciplines.
She came to international notice when she took a leg of the 200m individual medley at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.
Her father had been her coach, but she moved on to Dean Boxall at St Peter’s Western Club in Brisbane. She took silver in the 100 metres breaststroke and gold in the 200 metres at the 2024 AUS Olympic Trials qualifying her for an Olympic place. She also came second in the 200-metre individual medley. Her final qualification for herself and Australia was her fast time for the 400m individual medley, which was 4:36.56.
Ramsay was in the Australian swimming team at the 2024 Paris Olympics. She was scheduled to compete in four events. She was to compete in breaststroke at both 100 and 200 metres and to race in the medleys at both 200m individual and in the 4 x 100m medley relay.
She and Jenna Forrester were both in the same 400m individual medley heat for Australia. Ramsay qualified for the final, but Forrester missed out by a fraction of a second after coming ninth.
Ramsay qualified for the 200m individual medley final but was a late withdrawal due to COVID-19.
| 1.96875
| 0
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77456183
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-based%20approach%20to%20EMC%20regulation%20and%20standardization
|
Risk-based approach to EMC regulation and standardization
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Risk management plan
The risk management plan (RMP) establishes the context for the risk management process and is the first step. The RMP should be documented by the MD manufacturer and includes a detailed plan of all activities, assigning responsibility for each task. It also outlines criteria for risk acceptability based on the manufacturer's policy, monitoring methods to evaluate performance criteria, details for verifying the implementation and effectiveness of risk control measures, and activities related to the
production and post-production information.
Risk assessment
The risk assessment process involves the following elements:
Risk analysis – The EMC risk analysis begins with an understanding of the intended use, operating environment, foreseeable misuse, and safety characteristics of the medical device. This step involves identifying and analyzing known and foreseeable electromagnetic disturbance hazards. In the context of EM risk analysis, electromagnetic phenomena serve as the initial event or cause, which can then trigger subsequent events, potentially leading to a chain reaction.
Risk estimation - After analyzing the risks, the next step is to estimate them based on the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm. Risk estimation is associated with each hazardous situation and its linked risks. The categories for probability and severity can be defined in the RM policy or plan. If the EMI risk is deemed unacceptable, cross-functional experts from medical, EMC, and other relevant domains are involved to assess its severity.
Risk evaluation - During risk estimation, the manufacturer assesses each risk individually and categorizes them as acceptable or unacceptable using a risk matrix. The acceptability of each risk is determined according to the risk acceptability criteria outlined in the risk management plan.
| 1.929688
| 0
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77456280
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20of%20Flora%20%28Cerreto%20Sannita%29
|
Temple of Flora (Cerreto Sannita)
|
The Temple of Flora was an ancient Samnite temple located in Cerreto Sannita, Italy.
History
The temple was located in a former Samnite settlement, likely "Cominium Ocritum," mentioned by Livy and reached by Hanno, a general of Hannibal, during the Second Punic War.
Few archaeological remains from this Samnite village exist, including dry stone walls on Monte Cigno and the remnants of the temple, dedicated to the goddess Flora, the goddess of harvest.
A written document supporting the presence of a Samnite settlement in the area, where the temple's remains are found, comes from a document by notary Mario Cappella dated 1593. It highlights the memory of a "village of Rocca del Cigno," corresponding to the Samnite-Roman village situated between the temple and the "Rocca" of Monte Cigno (the terminal part of the mountain).
In some 17th-century documents, the area where the temple was located was referred to as "Campo di fiore" or "Campo di fiori." According to some historians, the name "fiore" or "flore" derives from "Flora," the deity to whom the temple was dedicated.
Over the centuries, the Church of Madonna della Libera was built over the remains of the temple.
On 10 February 1951, a series of Roman-era silver coins were found in this area, supporting the theory of the existence of "Cominium" in the Monte Cigno-Madonna della Libera area.
In the 1930s, local historian Silvestro Mastrobuoni conducted a survey of the area, searching for archaeological remains. On Monte Cigno, he found and photographed "pieces of tuff that must have formed the vault of some rooms" and, on the northern side of the mountain, "where a kind of square can be seen, we noticed a cistern and traces of ancient walls."
| 1.96875
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77456347
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Kashmir%20%281754%E2%80%931762%29
|
Kingdom of Kashmir (1754–1762)
|
After the invasion of India by Nader Shah in 1739, many of the frontier provinces of the Mughal Empire, including Kashmir, exerted autonomy. In the Battles of Lahore in 1748 and 1752, Lahore was captured by the Durrani forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani, which further weakened the position of the Mughals. In 1748, Ahmad Shah sent an army of Afghans under his general Asmatullah Khan to conquer Kashmir. Asmatullah succeeded in reaching Srinagar but was killed by the Subahdar of Kashmir, Afrasiyab Khan and his army was scattered and annihilated. The last Subahdar of Kashmir Abu'l Qasim Khan was notorious for his malicious activities against the locals. In 1752, a group of Kashmiri nobles including former deputy governor, Mir Muqim Kanth and Khwaja Zahir went to Ahmad Shah in Lahore requesting him for assistance to overcome Abu'l Qasim Khan. Ahmad Shah, at once, despatched Abdullah Khan Ishaq Aqasi, Abdullah Khan Kabuli, and a Khatri officer and advisor, Sukh Jiwan Mal. Aqasi was successful in defeating Abu'l Qasim Khan in the Battle of Shopian, and Kashmir was annexed into the Durrani Empire.
Utmost horror was experienced in Kashmir as the Durranis under Aqasi plundered it for the next six months. Finally, in the winter of 1752, Aqasi left Kashmir with the loot and appointed Kabuli and Mal as the governor and deputy governor, respectively. The Kashmiri masses were highly annoyed by the Afghans and rose into rebellion under the leadership of Khwaja Abu'l Hasan Khan Bandey, who requested Sukh Jiwan Mal to usurp the governor through a coup. In the summer of 1753, Sukh Jiwan, with the help of the rebels, assassinated Kabuli, while the Afghan army was expelled from Srinagar. Sukh Jiwan immediately appointed Bandey as his chief minister, advisor and finance minister.
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77456557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mongol%20Invasion%20%28trilogy%29
|
The Mongol Invasion (trilogy)
|
During the Great Patriotic War, the writer kept working on his project even while being evacuated in Uzbekistan. When he got back to Moscow, his third book, "The Golden Horde and Alexander the Restless", was officially announced in the April 22, 1945 edition of "Literaturnaya Gazeta". Excerpts from the highly anticipated book had already been published in various prominent publications. The author submitted the manuscript to Goslitizdat at the end of 1948, but faced opposition from archaeologist Artemiy Artsikhovsky and writer Alexei Yugov. This led to significant revisions to the text. The novel was eventually split into two parts in 1950, and published posthumously in 1955 after the writer passed away.
The trilogy garnered high praise from a wide range of experts such as historians specializing in Russian, medieval, and Oriental studies, as well as critics and literary scholars. As a result of the overwhelmingly positive feedback, the books gained immense popularity and were in constant demand, leading to numerous reprints.
| 2.1875
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77456557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mongol%20Invasion%20%28trilogy%29
|
The Mongol Invasion (trilogy)
|
Sergei Petrov, a Soviet literary scholar and critic, had some thoughts on the novel Genghis Khan. He mentioned how the author switches between a descriptive style and a more analytical one. On the other hand, Lydia Alexandrova liked how Vasily Yan used documentation in the novel, comparing it to Alexander Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter. Yan's incorporation of historical quotes as chapter epigraphs gives the text a sense of authenticity and unity. The character of chronicler Hadji Rakhim is seen as a trustworthy narrator in the trilogy, adding credibility to the events in the story.
In 2016, Russian writer Dmitry Bykov casually talked about how Vasily Yan winning the Stalin Prize was a big deal, saying his novels about the Mongol horde were like a blueprint for Stalin's empire. Bykov wasn't a fan of Yan's fancy writing style, saying it was old-fashioned and lacking in new ideas. But despite that, Yan's books were a hit in both the USSR days and modern Russia. Another literary scholar, Wolfgang Kazak, mentioned in his book that Yan's novels, which focused on fighting against a stronger enemy and fighting for liberation, were super relevant before the war, which is why he got the Stalin Prize.
| 1.960938
| 0
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77456887
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochfael%20ap%20Meurig
|
Brochfael ap Meurig
|
Brochfael ap Meurig (ruled ) was king of Gwent in south-east Wales. He ruled jointly with his brother, Ffernfael ap Meurig. Gwent and Glywysing, the neighbouring territory to the west, were ruled as a single kingdom in some periods; at other times they were separate and the king of Glywysing had the higher status. Brochfael's father, Meurig ab Arthfael, ruled both territories with the title King of Glywysing, but Brochfael and Ffernfael were only kings of Gwent, and had a lower status than their cousin Hywel ap Rhys, King of Glywysing.
The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia claimed dominion over most of Wales, but in the late 880s Brochfael, Ffernfael and Hywel submitted voluntarily to Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, in order to gain protection from the oppression of Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians. A number of Brochfael's charters survive, mainly grants to Bishop Cyfeilliog and settlements of Brochfael's disputes with the bishop. Brochfael was the last of his line and was succeeded by Hywel's son, Owain ap Hywel.
Background
The boundaries and names of Welsh kingdoms varied over time in the early medieval period. In the seventh century, south-east Wales was a single kingdom called Gwent, but by the ninth century it had been divided between Glywysing (later Morgannwg and Glamorgan) in the west and Gwent in the east, with the king of Glywysing having the higher status. From the early ninth century, Mercia, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom on the eastern Welsh border, claimed hegemony over most of Wales.
In 878, King Alfred the Great of Wessex defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington and around the same time King Ceolwulf of Mercia defeated and killed Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great), the powerful king of the north Welsh Kingdom of Gwynedd. Rhodri's sons soon recovered their father's power. In 881 they defeated Ceolwulf's successor as ruler of Mercia, Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, at the Battle of the Conwy. This victory was described in Welsh annals as "revenge by God for Rhodri".
| 2.6875
| 0
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77457531
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Across%20the%20Green%20Grass%20Fields
|
Across the Green Grass Fields
|
Across the Green Grass Fields is a 2021 fantasy novella by American author Seanan McGuire. It is the fifth book published in the Wayward Children book series and follows Regan as she learns about her true nature then travels to a world of centaurs and unicorns, where she finds family.
Plot
Across the Green Grass Fields follows young Regan as she begins learning various truths about the world, including what it means to be a girl. Early in the novella, Regan is best friends with Heather and Laura; however, when Heather brings a snake to school, Laura declares that girls do not like snakes, and thus, she--and Regan--cannot be friends with Heather any longer. Regan holds this memory close as she grows up, remaining close friends with Laura and her new posse of girl friends. However, she finds herself more and more disconnected as the other girls begin to develop and mature while her body remains the same. After asking her parents what's wrong with her, Regan learns a secret about herself that she's sure her best friend would understand and respect. With the weight of this news, she tells Laura her secret. To Regan's dismay, Laura immediately declares that Regan is not a true girl.
After her fight with Laura, Regan runs away from school down a path in the woods where she stumbles upon a door that she assumes must be part of an older student's art project. When she opens the door, however, she finds herself in Hoofland, a world filled with unicorns, centaurs, and other horse-like creatures.
Regan first meets a centaur family, who care for her as though she were another member of the family for many years, growing alongside the only foal, Chicory, who quickly becomes her best friend. Regan lives with the herd, though she knows about the fate bestowed upon her: whenever a human enters Hoofland, it represents a great, heroic change. Regan defies fate for as long as she can until it catches up to her.
Characters
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77458047
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo%20Gamberini
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Italo Gamberini
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Italo Gamberini (21 September 1907 – 14 November 1990) was an Italian architect.
Life and career
Gamberini graduated from the then School of Architecture in Florence in 1932, where he began his teaching career as a voluntary assistant to Raffaello Brizzi. With his thesis, he conceived the foundation for the design of the new Florence Santa Maria Novella station, built between 1932 and 1935 by the Gruppo Toscano, which included Nello Baroni, Pier Niccolò Berardi, Sarre Guarnieri, Leonardo Lusanna, and Giovanni Michelucci. From 1945, he was a lecturer for the chair of Architectural Elements and Monument Surveying until 1961, when he became a tenured professor. From 1965, he also held the chair of Architectural Composition IV and V until 1977 as a full professor, and later until 1982 as an extraordinary professor.
Mainly active in Florence and Tuscany, Gamberini designed the BICA Building, the RAI Regional Headquarters in Florence, the State Archives of Florence, the Luigi Pecci Contemporary Art Center in Prato, and the Veterinary Medicine Faculty building in Pisa.
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77458708
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachin%20torrent%20frog
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Kachin torrent frog
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Kachin torrent frog (Amolops afghanus) is a species of true frog native to Myanmar.
Description
Kachin torrent frog is an obscure species and not much is known about it. However, from preserved specimens and written descriptions, it is known that it is a medium-sized, sometimes slender frog with a broad head. According to the original author, Albert Günther, the skin is smooth, but observations from iNaturalist depict multiple individuals with small knobs on the dorsal side. Furthermore, they are dark green with a dark, mottled pattern on their dorsal side. They also have dark, mottled, or clear bands on their limbs, which vary by observation. The ventral side appears to be light. The species shows clear sexual dimorphism in size. Females have an SVL of around , while males have an SVL of around .
History and etymology
Kachin torrent frog was originally described briefly in 5 lines of text in 1858, where it was put in the genus Polypedates. The original author, Albert Günther, wrote that it was found in Afghanistan, and thus came the name. In 1865, it was then transferred to the genus Amolops by Edward Drinker Cope and got the name Amolops afghanus, which is the current designation. In 1879, a new species was discovered and it was called Ixalus kakhienensis, but it was later discovered that it was the existing species Amolops afghanus. In 1882, it was transferred to the genus Rana, where it remained for around 58 years until it was transferred to the genus Staurois. In 1966, the species was transferred for the last time by Robert F. Inger to the genus Amolops, and the species name was changed to afghanus once again. It belongs to the genus Amolops because of a certain trait in the tadpole that indicated that it was in reality a member of Amolops.
The common name comes from the fact that specimens have been collected from Kachin, Myanmar.
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77458821
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andinobates%20daleswansoni
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Andinobates daleswansoni
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Andinobates daleswansoni is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
Description
The adult male frog measures 17.83–18.46 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog 19.01–19.74 mm. This frog has large, prominent eyes. This frog's tympanum is oval-shaped and partially hidden. There are disks on the toes for climbing, but the disks on the hind feet are smaller than the disks on the forefeet.
The anterior of the frog's head and body is bright red and the rest of the body is brown with markings in darker and lighter shades of brown. Some frogs have yellow-orange dots on the posterior of the body and hind legs. The iris of the eye is black in color.
This frog has only four toes on each foot, which is very unusual for anurans. The first toe and the second toe are partially fused until they resemble a single toe very closely.
Etymology
Scientists named this frog for Dale Swanson of Spokane, Washington, who worked to preserve biodiversity, especially in the Andes.
Habitat
This frog lives in the wettest part of the understory of primary and secondary cloud forests. It requires holes and other places to hide on the forest floor. It can also live in partially logged habitats if there is primary forest nearby. This frog has been observed between 1800 and 2500 meters above sea level.
This frog is sympatric with Andinobates opisthomelas near 1800 meters above sea level. Scientists distinguish the two species by color: A. opisthomelas is red-orange in color with no spots.
Reproduction
The female frog lays eggs on leaf litter. The tadpoles have been seen swimming in water in the leaves of bromeliad plants. People have seen the tadpoles in water all year, so scientists infer that the frogs breed all year.
Threats
The IUCN classifies this frog as endangered. Its range is subject to deforestation in favor of agriculture and cattle grazing.
| 3.0625
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77460366
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Wenger
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Jane Wenger
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Wenger has described her working process as involving intense, concentrated activity during which she forms and articulates her ideas. In 1985, in a conceptual farewell to photography, she bronzed her camera and called it “The Decisive Moment” (a reference to Henri Cartier-Bresson).
Work and reception
Wenger's black-and-white photographs depict the body in intimate, surreal, visceral detail. Working in series rather than individual photographs, each image contributes to a heightened sense of tension within a series. She uses a wide-angle lenses and unconventional lighting to create an unusual perspective and disorienting effects. The resulting images distill the body into abstract, iconic forms that suggest landscape, terrain, architecture and mythic themes. Wenger's denial of context extends to words—she has stated a preference that her work be viewed without explanatory information; her images are untitled, numbered and dated.
Darkroom processes (cropping, printing), editing and exhibition arrangement are prominent in Wenger's working method. Her series are highly intentional, sequential wholes, designed produce emotional discomfort. While her work is noted for its impact and sense of monumentality, many of her prints are small, often two or three inches by four inches.
Early nudes and self-portraits
Wenger's mid-1970s work focused on the male nude, often shot from behind, and at low angles with heads cropped out, against dark grounds and skies. The images emphasize the interplay of body and muscles, hands and arms pulling, wrestling and straining against one another. Reviews highlight the series' mythic and sculptural qualities, exploration of the male body's sensuality and strength, and play of forms across the individual images. An exhibition of this work at The Juniper Tree (Spokane, Washington, 1974) led to an early brush with censorship, an issue repeated with her next series.
| 2.078125
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77460417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20de%20Longpr%C3%A9%20Residence
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Paul de Longpré Residence
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The Paul de Longpré Residence was a estate located on the northwest corner of Prospect Avenue and Cahuenga Boulevard in what is now Hollywood, California. It is considered Hollywood's first tourist attraction, with the owner stating "the community is new, but time will change this artworld and center it here."
History
The Paul de Longpré Residence was built by Louis Bourgeois for Paul de Longpré in 1901, on three lots obtained from Daeida Wilcox Beveridge in exchange for three of de Longpré's paintings. The estate, which featured an elaborate two-story Mission Revival/Moorish mansion, de Longpré's personal art collection, and flower gardens that at their peak contained more than 4000 roses in 800 varieties, drew not only Hollywood society, but property buyers and tourists as well. So many visitors came (8000 per month at the estate's height in popularity) that the Pacific Electric Railway added a trolley spur on Ivar Avenue to deposit riders closer to it, and Los Angeles Pacific Railway included it on their Balloon Route as well.
Tours of the estate along with print sales of de Longpré's floral paintings supported de Longpré and his family until his death in 1911. After his death, his family returned to France, and the estate was demolished in 1927.
In popular culture
Mary Pickford's Love Among the Roses was filmed in the de Longpré residence gardens. A booklet was also written about the estate, and its first printing was 200,000 copies.
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77462560
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Wilhelm%20von%20Hanau-Ho%C5%99owitz
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Friedrich Wilhelm von Hanau-Hořowitz
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Personal life
Prince Friedrich was married twice, both times morganatically. His first marriage was to Auguste Anna Birnbaum (1837–1862), an actress at the court theater of Kassel. They daughter of actors Carl Birnbaum and Maria Sargany, she became pregnant and her father threatened to kill Auguste and himself if they didn't marry. They eloped to London where they were married on 23 September 1856 and she became Countess von Schaumburg. Because of his threats, her father was imprisoned and her family exiled and persecuted. Their child was born prematurely child who died soon after birth, after which Friedrich Wilhelm abandoned her under pressure from his father. They were divorced soon after. She died of tuberculosis in 1862 in Bad Cannstatt, where they had taken refuge under the protection of King Charles of Württemberg.
His second marriage was to Ludovika Bertha Luise Gloede (1840–1912) on 8 April 1875. Also an actress, she was the daughter of the Rev. Friedrich Gloede and Maria Dorothea Goldbeck. Although married in 1875, he already had two sons with her:
Friedrich August (1864–1940), who married Hildegard von Zsadány, Countess Almasy, in 1899; m. second, Ernestine Christine Detzer.
Ludwig Caecilius Felix (1872–1940)
Prince Friedrich died at Hořovice in Beroun District in the Central Bohemian Region (today a part of the Czech Republic) on 24 March 1889.
Ancestry
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77462613
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer%20Methodist%20Chapel%2C%20East%20Ayton
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Ebenezer Methodist Chapel, East Ayton
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The Ebenezer Methodist Chapel is a former chapel in East Ayton, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.
William Clowes preached in East Ayton in the early 1820s, and a small Primitive Methodist chapel was built soon afterwards. As the congregation grew, a larger building was required, and the current building was completed in July 1842, at a cost of £470. Inside, the building originally had a gallery around three sides, the area under part of which had a sliding partition, in order that it could serve as a separate Sunday school. The building was grade II listed in 1967. The chapel was closed by the early 21st century and has been offered for sale, for conversion into a house.
The chapel is built of sandstone, with angle pilasters forming quoins on the returns, and a hipped slate roof. On the front is a round-arched doorway with a fanlight, flanked by large round-arched windows, all with quoined surrounds. Above the doorway is a recessed dated panel. On the sides are sash windows with round arches in the upper floor and flat heads in the lower floor.
| 2.078125
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77463543
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souq%20Al%20Wakrah
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Souq Al Wakrah
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Buildings in the souq are modeled after traditional courtyard house typology. This design approach features individual units organized around central open-air spaces, with rooms encircling these courtyards. While originally residential in nature, these structures now primarily serve commercial purposes, housing retail establishments. In contrast to this dense, traditional core, the western perimeter of the souq is defined by a substantial open area dedicated to surface parking. This wedge-shaped lot, broader at its northern end, clearly demarcates the historical-style marketplace from the modern Al Wakrah Road.
A distinctive feature of Souq Al Wakrah is its proximity to the coastline. The marketplace maintains a direct connection to the sea via a beachfront promenade. There are also replica dhows installed on the shore.
Layout and size
The souq has a linear north–south layout that takes advantage of its coastal location. It covers a total area of . This elongated shape contrasts with the more compact, square-like layout of Souq Waqif in Doha, which occupies square kilometers. However, the size difference between the two souqs is less pronounced when considering only the central portion of Souq Al Wakrah. The middle section, excluding the northern and southern extensions (which include a large park to the north), covers approximately , a more comparable area to Souq Waqif. The souq features numerous pedestrian routes that facilitate linkage, including narrow passageways.
The layout features five main thoroughfares running perpendicular to the coast, with two marking the northern and southern boundaries. A shorter north–south route near the coastal promenade further divides the northernmost section. This arrangement creates a pattern of five superblocks. The superblock structure provides a framework for the narrower, winding pathways within each block. The reconstructed areas within the superblocks mimic the labyrinthine nature of historical Arab settlements.
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77463860
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Giovanni%20Battista%2C%20Chiavari
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San Giovanni Battista, Chiavari
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A guide in 1899 mentions that in 1462, the church was enlarged to create the present three nave structure. In 1468, a clock was added to the tower. In 1557, the Ravaschieri family commissioned the bell-tower. The guide mentions two large canvases in the anti-facade depicting, on the right, the Invention of the Cross by Galeotti (possibly Sebastiano; and on the left, the Battle of Lepanto by either Piola or Domenico Fiasella (il Sarzana). In the main nave are three medallions painted with events of the life of St John the Baptist by Pianello. In the right nave ceiling are depictions of St Nicolò di Bari and St Peter by Davide Beghè, and St Joseph by Pianello and a crucifix by Coppola. In the left nave is a St Antonio del Barchi by Solari dello Schoner, the blessed Father Baldassare Ravaschieri by Chiarella, and a Rosary by Pianello. The organ was built in 1808 by the brothers Serassi of Bergamo. The church houses the venerated Cristo Nero, a statue of Christ, darkened in a fire, but putatively miraculously, not burned.
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77465324
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military-First%20Girls
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Military-First Girls
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Chunhun
Chunhun is the founder and leader of the Military-First Girls. A freelance illustrator and visual arts major from Kanagawa Prefecture, Chunhun grew an interest in North Korean culture after encountering North Korean propaganda art in university. She was previously a student intern for Daily NK, a South Korean news website that focuses on developments in North Korea. It was during this time that she began calling herself the "Military-First Girl". She started an online presence in 2013 and has attracted a significant following on social media. However, she attributes her difficulty in finding a job to her public profile.
Chunhun has stated that she is interested in North Korean culture specifically and does not support the North Korean government. In a 2017 interview with The Japan Times, she said: "By introducing North Korea's culture, like its fashion, music and arts, I want the Japanese public to realize there are good people living there and that they can't be blamed for what the government does." Chunhun often wears North Korean cosmetics purchased from souvenir shops in the Chinese city of Dandong, located on the China–North Korea border. She is also an avid reader of the Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of the Workers' Party of Korea and North Korea's official newspaper of record.
Unha
Ri Unha (a pseudonym) is the only Korean member of the Military-First Girls. She is a Zainichi Korean who attended North Korean schools in Japan run by Chongryon, an affiliate of the North Korean government. In her high school years, she learned about contemporary North Korean music from her textbooks and exercised to it during physical education classes. She also learned how to play the sohaegeum, a North Korean fiddle. She attended a Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble concert when they toured Japan.
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77465379
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20Palacio%20%28writer%29
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Pablo Palacio (writer)
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His mother's family came from an illustrious line of Spanish nobility. Unfortunately, the family branch to which Palacio belonged had become poor, and what is even worse: his mother died when he was still a young child. This forever left its mark on his personality and psyche, which is why the theme of his mother's absence would be one of the most recurrent motifs in all his literary work. He went to live under the care of his aunt Hortensia Palacio Suárez and was financially supported by his uncle José Ángel Palacio Suárez, who was comfortably wealthy. At the age of six, he was enrolled in the School of the Christian Brothers, where he studied between 1911 and 1917. Upon seeing Palacio's intelligence, his uncle felt motivated to pay for his secondary and university studies. His secondary studies were at the Bernardo Valdivieso School, where he stood apart as one of the best students.
Palacio published his first work in 1920, when he was 14 years old. It was the poem Ojos negros, which appeared in La tribuna de los niños, a section of the magazine Iniciación published by the Society of Literary Studies of the Lojano School.
In 1921, he obtained second prize (an honorable mention) at the Floral Games that critic Benjamín Carrión had brought from the capital to the city of Loja. Pablo won the award for the short story El huerfanito which, according to Carrión, who presided over the jury that awarded the prize, lacked proper syntaxis but was a sort of "intentional nonsense": Entre descalificar al audaz que tomaba el pelo al jurado o premiarlo por curiosidad, optamos por lo último. When the time came to receive the prize, Palacio, who was still a teenager, showed his rebellious nature by flatly refusing to kneel in front of the beauty queen from whom he was to receive a bouquet of roses and the award.
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77465387
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laz%20rebellion%20%281832%E2%80%931834%29
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Laz rebellion (1832–1834)
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The Laz Rebellion was a series of uprisings against the representatives of the Ottoman Empire in the Trabzon Eyalet between 1832 and 1834. The rebellion was led by Tahir Ağa Tuzcuoğlu, who aimed to resist the arbitrary decisions of the local Ottoman governors and to restore the rights of local feudal lords. Initially, the rebels experienced success, particularly in January 1833, but the rebellion was ultimately suppressed in the spring of 1834.
Background
This conflict may have been related to disputes between the Hazinedaroğlu and Tuzcuoğlu families, both of whom were feudal lords and possibly of Laz or Adjarian origin. The blood feud between the two families allegedly began in 1817 when the Hazinedaroğlus killed Memiş Tuzcuoğlu, who was later regarded as a local martyr.
History
Osman Hazinedaroğlu, the Bey of Çarşamba, purchased the governorship of the Trabzon Eyalet for 1,000 purses following the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). He then revoked privileges previously granted to the feudal lords and imposed heavy taxes on the populace, which were particularly burdensome after the significant damage caused by the Russians. The 1829 harvest was lost, and the 1830 harvest was poor. In September 1830, the people of Sürmene refused to pay taxes. The following year’s harvest was worse, but Osman Pasha managed to collect 200,000 piastres. Later, the tax was increased to 500,000 piastres, and nearly all 4,000 families refused to pay. Several people were killed due to unrest in Sürmene, which remained turbulent by March 1832.
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77465387
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laz%20rebellion%20%281832%E2%80%931834%29
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Laz rebellion (1832–1834)
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In August 1832, Osman Pasha sent a force of 7,000 men there. The Ajarian Bey provided an additional 7,000 troops from the east, while a third force was dispatched from Bayburt to attack from the south. However, no resolution was achieved as the political authority crisis remained. Later that year, there were reports of Tuzcuoğlu’s representatives contacting Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Pasha’s forces, who later invaded Anatolia. Using this report as a pretext, Osman Pasha accused Tahir Ağa of conspiracy and ordered his execution.
Tahir Ağa Tuzcuoğlu soon emerged as the leader of the Laz rebellion. He was joined by Hopalı Mustafa and Batumlu Aslan. Osman Pasha’s forces remained in Lazistan throughout the winter in pursuit of their enemies. During this time, Tuzcuoğlu gathered a large force on the southern slopes of the Pontic Mountains. Karslı Ahmet Pasha's forces pursued them but were defeated. In early January 1833, Tuzcuoğlu marched toward Trabzon with 12,000 men. Osman Pasha’s kaymakam tried to stop him near Değirmendere, but failed. Consequently, the eastern Pontic region fell under Tuzcuoğlu’s control, although the planned attack on Trabzon never occurred. In the second week of January 1833, a messenger from Serasker Pasha arrived in Rize, appointing Tuzcuoğlu as the Ottoman governor of Rize. The state appeared to welcome Tuzcuoğlu’s ambition to become a feudal lord. The eastern regions from Sürmene to Batum were made a separate province with its capital in Rize.
In July 1833, the rebellion flared up again, this time due to the revelation of Russian intrigues. It was discovered that Batumlu Aslan Bey (nicknamed "Major Voinikov") was inciting the rebels on behalf of the Russians.
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77466071
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20de%20las%20Sirenas
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Casa de las Sirenas
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The Casa de las Sirenas (House of the Sirens) is a 19th-century palace located on the Alameda de Hércules in Seville, Andalusia, Spain.
History
The house was designed by Joaquín Fernández Ayarragaray for Lázaro Fernández de Angulo, the Marquess of Esquivel. It was constructed in the style of an 18th-century French mansion. The construction began in 1861 and was completed in 1864. The house features a square floor plan, surrounded by a garden enclosed by four walls. It has a ground floor and an upper floor. The building has a slate roof. It is named "Casa de las Sirenas" due to two sphinxes (referred to as "sirens") located at the front entrance.
The ironwork for the house was crafted in 1862 by Hermanos Portilla, with the same design being used for the Fábrica de Tabacos de Sevilla Royal Tobacco Factory.
The Marquess of Esquivel sold the house in 1870 to the construction company Basilio del Camino y Hermanos. The building later became the residence of José Domingo de la Portilla and his wife María Susana Pérez de Guzmán y Pickman, who passed away in 1971.
By the 1970s, the house had fallen into disrepair. The Seville City Council purchased the property in 1989. The house underwent a restoration that lasted eight years. In 1998, it was repurposed as a civic center for the neighborhood.
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77466666
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulunda%20Main%20Canal
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Kulunda Main Canal
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Current situation
In present times the surfaces watered by the canal have diminished. The canal has become silted in some places with water overflowing its banks in heavy rain, leading to the flooding of inhabited areas. In other stretches its waters are absorbed by the sandy soil, owing to the deterioration of the original watertight coating. The canal crosses areas with various types of soil, including clayey, sandy, loamy, and solonetz soils. A length totaling approximately running through sandy soil sectors was planned to be provided with an anti-filtration polyethylene coating over a thick protective layer of soil. But in the end only a length of canal sections were treated against filtration and the coating has a lifetime of about 30 years, which already ran out by the turn of the millennium. Plans for the maintenance and overhaul of the canal have been put forward, but so far they have not been implemented.
Ecological impact
The Kulunda Main Canal runs roughly in a NE/SW direction only to the east of lake Gorkoye, a long salt lake. The building of the canal disrupted the Gorkoye ecosystem by increasing the salinity of the lake and some fish species died out.
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77466753
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Wayanad%20landslides
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2024 Wayanad landslides
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Loss of human lives
Over 420 people were killed and 397 people were injured, making these landslides the deadliest in Kerala's history. Seventeen entire families died. Most of the victims were tea and cardamom estate workers, asleep when the landslides struck. More than 118 people remain unaccounted for. Among the survivors, at least five children lost both parents, while six others lost either their father or mother in the disaster. The landslides led to the mixing of muddy water and debris with the Chaliyar river, in which over 200 bodies or body parts were found.
Property and commercial loss
More than 1,555 houses and other buildings including schools, a dispensary, the panchayat bhawan, the electricity board office, and 136 community buildings were damaged. Additionally, 290 shops, of electricity infrastructure, two transformers, of rural roads, and three bridges were affected. The landslides also devastated a total of of land, including of farmland. After the landslides, business institutions including hundreds of shops in Chooralmala and Mundakkai were shut down by officials, citing danger of additional landslides. According to Kerala Vyapari Vyavasayi Ekopana Samithi, these restrictions cost more than to the business community in the impacted areas. Harrisons Malayalam lost of tea estate, which cultivates an estimated 230 tonnes of tea produce worth ; forty-one estate employees and forty-eight of their family members were either missing or dead.
| 2.25
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77466753
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Wayanad%20landslides
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2024 Wayanad landslides
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On 2 August, the Indian Air Force deployed Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft, drones, and a specialized team of subsoil evacuation and rescue monitoring experts from Hindon Air Force Station in Ghaziabad. Rescue teams were divided across six zones (Attamala, Aaranmala, Mundakkai, Punjirimattom, Vellarmala village road, GVHSS Vellarmala), as well as areas downstream of the Chaliyar river. All police stations along the Chaliyar river were involved in the rescue efforts, assisted by regional expert swimmers. During the rescue operation in Mundakkai village, advanced radar detected signs of breathing beneath the soil; by evening, it was determined that these were more likely from animals rather than trapped humans. On 3 August, rescue operations resumed using advanced radar equipment and dog squads to locate buried victims. Authorities later reported that 341 autopsies had been completed, with 148 bodies identified. An aerial survey of the affected areas was conducted by Air Marshal Balakrishnan Manikantan and Army Station Commander M. P. Salil in order to assess the damage and carry out rescue operations.
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77466851
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20gens
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Tolumnia gens
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The gens Tolumnia was an Etruscan aristocratic family of great antiquity, and a minor plebeian gens in Roman times. Members of this gens are attested in epigraphy as early as the seventh century BC, but the family is best known from Lars Tolumnius, King of Veii during the fifth century BC. In imperial times some of the Tolumnii are mentioned in inscriptions from Gaul.
Origin
The earliest inscriptions of this family are all from the city of Veii in Etruria, where they formed part of the local aristocracy. The Etruscan spelling of the nomen is Tulumnes, which in early Latin was rendered as Tolonios. Tolumnius is the spelling used by Roman writers, and is found in most later inscriptions. The Etruscan alphabet had dropped the letter 'o', and Etruscan orthography does not seem to have distinguished between the sounds of 'o' and 'u', although Latin writers differentiated between them when recording Etruscan names.
Praenomina
The early Tolumnii bore Etruscan names such as Lars, Velthur, and Karcuna; but from the middle Republic all of those known from epigraphy have common Latin praenomina, including Lucius, Aulus, and Decimus.
Members
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77466992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossaulax%20reclusiana
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Glossaulax reclusiana
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Glossaulax reclusiana, also known as Recluz's moon snail, is a species of sea snail in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. It is named for French amateur malacologist César Auguste Récluz.
Description
(Original description in Latin) The shell is ovate-conical and swollen, with a smooth or slightly striated surface. It is grayish-lead in color, whitish at the base, and features a dark band around the suture. The umbilicus is large and mostly covered by a callus, which is unevenly divided by a groove. The columella is heavily calloused at the top, white in the upper part, and marked with a dark spot in the lower part. The aperture is ovate-semilunar, with a small channel at the top, and is white to brownish on the inside. The shell can reach in height.
Distribution
It is found along the coasts of California and Mexico.
Habitat
G. reclusiana lives in shallow bays and lagoons from the intertidal zone to depths around .
Behavior
Like all moon snails, G. reclusiana is predatory. It feeds on other mollusks, including Callianax biplicata and Chione fluctifraga.
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77467013
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar-e%20Shirinu
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Bandar-e Shirinu
|
Bandar-e Shirinu () is a city in Siraf District of Kangan County, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Shirinu Rural District. It is located near the Persian Gulf and is surrounded by the Zagros Mountains to the north. The city is part of the South Pars gas field area, featuring significant oil and gas industries around it.
With the efforts of Ebrahim Bahmani and the approval of Vahidi, the Minister of Interior, the village of Shirinu became a city.
Etymology
The name "Shirinu" is associated with the ancient port of Thalath, recognized historically during the Safavid period, as well as being known for three golden palm trees that produced exceptionally sweet dates. This port has significant cultural and historical value.
Demographics
Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the population was 1,160 in 266 households, when it was the village of Shirinu in Taheri Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 3,441 people in 689 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 9,976 people in 1,087 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2017, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Siraf District, and Shirinu was transferred to Shirinu Rural District created in the new district. The village was elevated to the status of a city in August 2023.
Geography
Bandar-e Shirinu is bordered to the north by the Zagros Mountains, to the south by the Persian Gulf, to the west by the village of Parak, and to the east by the city of Nakhl Taqi. The city hosts several attractions, including a tourism village established in 2016 which offers recreational activities, sea sports, and local cuisine.
Notable people
Ebrahim Bahmani (born 1991), politician
Gallery
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| 0
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77467725
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Vincente%20de%20Valera
|
José Vincente de Valera
|
José de Valera (September 26, 1822January 16, 1899) was a high-ranking Spanish military figure who distinguished himself in Cuba's Ten Years' War.
Early life
José Vincente de Valera y Álvarez, born in 1822 in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, was described as a Dominican "mulatto". His lineage traces back to Juan de Valera Saldaña, former Captain of the Royal Spanish Army during the 17th century.
He was the godfather of Cuban General Máximo Gómez, who had previously been a cavalry officer in the Spanish Army in the Dominican Republic before joining the Cuban independence movement.
Dominican Restoration War
During the Dominican Restoration War between 1863 and 1863, Lieutenant Colonel José de Valera served under the corps of Lieutenant Colonel Chief of Staff Valeriano Weyler in the Spanish Army. He was the First Chief of the 2nd Battalion of Cuba. Spanish troops evacuated from the Dominican Republic in the summer of 1865 and arrived in Cuba following the Santo Domingo campaign.
Ten Years' War
He served as a colonel under Captain General Arsenio Martínez Campos during Cuba's Ten Years' War that began in 1868.
Battle of Las Tunas
Valera took part in the first Battle of Las Tunas on August 16, 1869, against revolutionary forces led by Gen. Manuel de Quesada. Col. Valera saw a sizable group of Cubans advancing toward Las Tunas after leading a reconnaissance of mounted cavalry sent by Gen. Enrique Boniche. Following the battle, the Cuban Liberation Army took control of the area before retreating when reports of 1000 Spanish reinforcements surfaced.
On January 1, 1870, the departure of Col. Velasco left Col. Valera in Las Tunas to act as military commander of the town. Valera was the Colonel of the reserves of Santo Domingo, in Sagua la Grande and assumed position as governor of Las Tunas.
| 2.375
| 0
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77467873
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycladon%20exile
|
Pachycladon exile
|
Pachycladon exile is a species of plant in family Brassicaceae that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Commonly known as limestone cress, it is a perennial herb with hairy leaves that is only found on one specific limestone outcrop site. It has been used to analyse principles behind adaptive radiation, together with other species of Pachycladon. Its conservation status is Threatened - Nationally Critical.
Taxonomy
Pachycladon exile is a species of plant that is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand in the family Brassicaceae. P. exile was originally described in 1999 as Ischnocarpus exilis by Peter Heenan. It was later transferred to the genus Pachycladon in 2002.
P. exile is morphologically similar to P. novae-zelandiae. It can be distinguished from that species by its slender growth habit, terete ovary, slender siliques, smaller flowers, leaves and inflorescences, and a style that is small but distinct. It is also similar to P. cheesemanii, as both species are polycarpic and have woody caudices, short branches, slender inflorescences, terete siliques, heterophyllous leaves, and seeds that are uniseriate and without wings.
Description
P. exile is a perennial, polycarpic, heterophyllous rosette plant that has slender inflorescences, a woody caudex, short branches, and hairy, heterophyllous leaves. Its fruit is a terete silique, and its seeds do not have wings, and are uniseriate.
Distribution and habitat
Pachycladon exile is only found on a specific limestone outcrop site in the Waitaki Valley. It is found in habitats that have a high fertility rock substrate, such as limestone, schist, and volcanics, from 10 to 1600 m above sea level.
Phylogeny
P. exile is closely related to P. cheesemanii. Alongside other Pachycladon species it has been used to analyse principles behind adaptive radiation.
| 2.53125
| 0
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77467901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Iff
|
Simone Iff
|
In 1961, the first family planning centers opened in Grenoble and Paris, and quickly became very popular. In 1963, Iff trained to become one of the first counsellors at the Paris office. Iff also understood birth control as related to the sexual act as a source of pleasure and fulfilled sexuality. The social and political context was tense, and the police were raiding family planning centres to check that the councellors were not spreading information about contraception. The files of the clients had to be concealed. In 1967, the Neuwirth law partially repealed the 1920 legislative provisions and authorized the use of contraceptives. But the implementation of the law would not be achieved by official decree until 1972.
Activism for the right of abortion
The political context of the post-1968 years fueled the process of radicalization of the MFPF, and the councellors, led by Iff, increasingly opposed the physicians on the movement's board of directors. Rather, Iff and her colleagues were advocating free contraception and abortion to be covered by the public health services. Abortion was still illegal, and women who needed one, had to go abroad or have it done clandestinely, with the risk of losing their lives. From 1970 until 1973, Iff became general secretary of the Parisian section of the French Movement for Family Planning, where she helped to organize the training of counsellors, alongside that of doctors.
In 1971, the Manifesto of the 343, for which Iff collected signatures without however signing it herself, was publicized by the media, mobilizing public opinion. That same year, she joined the national office of the MFPF as one of its five vice-presidents. She was also working with the Mouvement de libération des femmes on the issue of abortion.
| 2.375
| 0
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77467940
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osyp%20Makovei
|
Osyp Makovei
|
Osyp Makovei (; 23 August 1867 – 21 August 1925) was a Ukrainian writer, critic, literary historian, publicist, translator, and educator.
Biography
Osyp Makovei was born on 23 August 1867 in Yavoriv, now in the Lviv Oblast of Ukraine.
In 1887 he graduated from the Lviv Ukrainian Gymnasium, in 1893 from University of Lviv, and in 1899 from the University of Vienna.
In 1885, he met Ivan Franko, who helped him publish his translated poem and later his own poem "Zakazani yabluka" in the magazine.
In 1891, he collaborated with the newspapers Dilo and Narodna Chasopys, and in 1894–1899 he was the editor of Zoria and , and edited the journal together with Ivan Franko and Mykhailo Hrushevskyi. As an editor, he helped Olha Kobylianska, Vasyl Stefanyk, Marko Cheremshyna, Bohdan Lepkyi, and Denys Lukiianovych establish themselves in literature.
In 1897 and 1904, Makovei visited Kyiv, where he met Mykola Lysenko; Makovei corresponded with Lesia Ukrainka and Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi.
He gained a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1901 and became a Full Member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in 1903.
In 1899 he began teaching Ukrainian language and literature at the Chernivtsi Teachers' Seminary. From 1910 he worked at the Lviv Women's Seminary. In 1913–1914 and 1918–1925 he worked as the director of the teachers' seminary in Zalishchyky.
In 1914–1918 he served in the Austro-Hungarian army. Later, he was harassed by the Polish authorities, and in February 1921 he was imprisoned in Chortkiv.
He died on 21 August 1925 in Zalishchyky (now Ternopil Oblast), where he was buried.
Works
Many of his essays, short stories, and feuilletons were published in the magazines Dilo, Bukovyna, , and .
| 1.921875
| 0
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77468080
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological%20area%20of%20Poggio%20Sommavilla
|
Archaeological area of Poggio Sommavilla
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The morphological entity of the river terrace of Poggio Sommavilla-Grappignano at the confluence of the Tiber and the Aia torrent in front of the Treja (Paleotevere), geologically made up of gravelly-sandy deposits, undoubtedly constitutes the area that boasts the greatest density and the most relevant deposits of the Tiber valley south of the confluence with the Nera, during Prehistory in the Paleolithic period. The importance of the natural resources of the area, which combines extensive cultivated plains with an abundance of water resources identifiable with the presence of two water courses of significant flow such as the Tiber and L'Aia in front of the Treja river (Paleotevere), as well as with the ditches of Colle Rosetta and Grappignano, it certainly had a decisive impact on habitat choices in prehistoric times. The deposits of the Paleolithic period, with stratification in all three phases of the period, identified in the localities of Grappignano and Colli Oti in Poggio Sommavilla, the lithic industry deposits, can be considered a single settlement area. An area of lithic industry is attested in the Colli Oti of Poggio Sommavilla, chronologically representing all the phases of the Paleolithic, located mainly on the plateau at the top of the westernmost hill of the Colli Oti, with an estimated surface area of approx. 1000 m2. Finished lithic tools are found on the ground, many of which can be classified as scrapers, spearheads, arrows, processing matrices, as well as splinters of processing waste. Lithic tools and processing flakes relating to the Middle Paleolithic have been found in an area of approx. 100 m of extension located on the southern slopes of the hill on which the historic center of Poggio Sommavilla currently stands, on the land Fondo Moreschi, which extends along the current Via La Valle.
Museum
| 2.375
| 0
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77468099
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chwalim%20dialect
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Chwalim dialect
|
Declension
The most dominant ending for the genitive masculine singular genitive of nouns is -u. An archaic masculine singular dative ending -ewi is preserved after roots ending with soft consonant. The feminine singular accusative is generally formed with -ã.
The masculine and neuter singular genitive of adjectives is formed with the ending -yk from -ēgo, which is the result of Sorbian influence.
Conjugation
Verbs in the infinitive end in -j < -ć and -ś < -ść/-źć. Future forms of być ('to be') have d and dź simplified into corresponding nasal consonants n, ń as in other Silesian dialects: bãnõm, bãnie, – compare Polish będą, będzie.
Present tense endings are -ą/-ám for the first person singular, -my for the first person plural and -cie for the second person plural. The past tense is constructed from the l-participle and personal pronoun; in singular first person there can be added suffix -ch to personal pronoun ja, which is typical for Silesian: jach tam bół (I was there), jach słysa 'I heard (feminine)', my cytali (we were reading), bółś tam? (have you been there?/were you there (singular)). As in Polish and Silesian, special prefixes inform whether the aspect of the verb is perfective or imperfective. Future tense is constructed with 'to be' in future tense and infinitive form of verb: bãnõm piáj (they will be reading), my bãniemy piáj (we will be reading), or with a present-tense form of a perfective verb.
Conjugations of a few verbs:
(h)iś 'to go' / pôj (perfective): (h)idõm (they go/they are going), (h)idźmy, (let's go (imperfective)), pódziémy (we will go), przisáł (he has come/he came);
'can': môgã (I can), móg (he could);
'to be': jes (he/she/it/there is), my sõm (we are), bãnie (he/she/it will), bãniemy (we will), bãnõm (they will), bół ((he) was), baa or bełe (she) was, beły (they were (feminine)).
Vocabulary
| 2.234375
| 0
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77468212
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eomangiferophyllum
|
Eomangiferophyllum
|
Eomangiferophyllum damalgiriense is an extinct species of fruit bearing tree. It is believed to be the direct ancestor of the genus Mangifera, which includes the mango, Mangifera indica, one of the world's most cultivated fruit crops. Its genus, Eomangiferophyllum, is monotypic.
Paleobiogeography
The species first appeared during the Upper Paleocene in northeastern India, roughly 60 million years ago. It is unclear exactly where and when Eomangiferophyllum damalgiriense diverged to form the genus Mangifera. However, carbonized leaf fossils of the species support the hypothesis that Mangifera first evolved in the Peninsular India, and then spread throughout what is modern-day Southeast Asia via land bridges formed between the Indian and Asian continental plates during the late Eocene.
Description
The leaves of this species are similar to those of Mangifera, with minor differences in the shape, size and vein characteristics of the leaves. Due to a lack of fossil evidence, there is no known information regarding the fruit, branches or wood of this species.
| 2.6875
| 0
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77468313
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2048948
|
HD 48948
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HD 48948 is a K-type main-sequence star located in the constellation Lynx, approximately 55 light years away, based on a parallax of 59.393 mas. At an apparent magnitude of 8.58, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
It has a stellar classification of K3V, which classifies it as a main sequence star (like our Sun) fusing atoms of hydrogen into helium at its core. Estimated to be 11.5 billion years old, HD 48948 has 0.68 times the mass and radius of the Sun. Its surface has an effective temperature of 4,593 K, giving it the orange glow of a K-type star.
Planetary system
In 2024, three planets were discovered orbiting HD 48948 via radial velocity using the HARPS-N spectrograph, with orbital periods of 7.3, 38 and 151 days, respectively, derived from 189 measurements over a 9.5-year period from 6 October 2013 to 16 April 2023. Of the three planets, the outermost planet, HD 48948 d, a super-Earth weighing Earth masses, is located within the habitable zone. It is the nearest known super-Earth orbiting within the habitable zone of an F-, G- or K-type star, with the only other nearby examples being HIP 38594 b and HD 216520 c.
| 2.453125
| 0
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77468367
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano%20Madriaga
|
Mariano Madriaga
|
Mariano Aspiras Madriaga (May 5, 1902 – November 1, 1981) was a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop (and later archbishop) of Lingayen-Dagupan from 1938 to 1973.
He was the official heraldist of the Catholic Church in the Philippines and was responsible for designing the coats of arms of dioceses and prelates from the 1950s until the 1970s.
Early life and education
Mariano Aspiras Madriaga was born on May 5, 1902, in Agoo, La Union, and was baptized at his town parish on May 10. He enrolled in public schools for his elementary education in 1911 and graduated in 1918 with the greatest overall average in the province of La Union. He was also awarded the Lucero Prize for possessing the greatest written exam average among 7th grade graduates in La Union. He then enrolled at the University of the Philippines Integrated School for his high school and graduated in 1923, where he won the Dean Benitez Prize for winning the spelling contest in 1918 and the Menias Prize in "Current Events" for his speech on "The League of Nations."
He later accompanied Bishop Peter Joseph Hurth of Nueva Segovia in his travels to Hong Kong for health reasons, and the bishop tutored him in Latin. He attended his first-year Philosophy at the Conciliar Seminary of Vigan (now the Immaculate Conception Minor Seminary) under the Jesuits from 1924 to 1925, and at the end of the school year, he received a gold medal from the renowned Jesuit Provincial, Fr. Joaquin Villalonga, SJ, for his high grades. He then attended San Carlos Seminary in Mandaluyong as a second-year Philosophy student from 1925 to 1926 under the Spanish Vincentians, and later completed his Theology studies under the SVD Fathers in Vigan from 1926 to 1929.
| 1.9375
| 0
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77468496
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacoub%20Al-Subaie
|
Yacoub Al-Subaie
|
Yacoub Yusef Al-Subaie, also spelled Yaqoub Yusef Al Subaie, (1945 – 9 July 2024) was a Kuwaiti poet. He began writing poetry in the 1960s, with his best-known works including "O Sun of Holidays Prevails Over Kuwait" and "We Are All for Kuwait and Kuwait Is Ours."
Al-Subaie was born in 1945. He attended Shuwaikh High School, where he became fascinated with Arabic literature, history, and poetry in the school's library. As a student, his favorite literary works werre of al-Jahiz, "Kitab al-Aghani" by the 10th-century Arabic writer Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, "Wafayat al-A'yan" by Ibn Khallikan, and "Uyun al-Akhbar" by Ibn Qutaybah. His other early influences included historical Arabic language texts, including "The Meadows of Gold" by al-Masudi.
Much of Al-Subaie's literature is devoted to Kuwait, often promoting the country's major historical events, holidays, and national unity. For example, some of his best-known poems include "We Are All for Kuwait and Kuwait Is Ours" and "O Sun of Holidays Prevails Over Kuwait." The Kuwaiti Ministry of Education incorporated his literature into its intermediate school curriculum.
Examples of Al-Subaie's poetry collections include "Illuminations of Black Gray Hair", "Falling to the Top", "Silence is the Farm of Suspicions", and "Distances of the Soul."
In 1970, Al-Subaie joined the Kuwaiti Writers Association and served as the organization's secretary from 1986 until 1992. He was also a jury member for the Foundation of Abdulaziz Saud Al-Babtain's Prize for Poetic Creativity.
Aside from his writings, Al-Subaie worked for the Ministry of Interior, the National Bank of Kuwait, and secretary general's office at Kuwait University.
Al-Subaie died on 9 July 2024, at the age of 79.
| 2.453125
| 0
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77468580
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%20at%20the%202008%20UEFA%20European%20Championship
|
Poland at the 2008 UEFA European Championship
|
Poland at the 2008 UEFA European Championship was the first-ever appearance of Poland national football team in the UEFA European Championship.
The Poland national football team qualified for the UEFA Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland by finishing first in qualifying Group A, ahead of teams such as Portugal. In the tournament, Poland was placed in Group B, where they lost 0–2 to Germany in their first match. In the second match, they drew 1–1 with the host nation Austria, with a goal scored by Roger Guerreiro. In the final group match, Poland was defeated 0–1 by Croatia. Finishing last in the group with one point, Poland was eliminated from further competition.
Qualifications and preparations
In 2006, the Poland national football team participated in the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, where they were eliminated in the group stage. After the tournament, there was a change in the head coach position – Paweł Janas was replaced by the Dutchman Leo Beenhakker. Under his leadership, the Poles played for the first time on 16 August 2006 in Odense, losing 0–2 to Denmark.
Qualifications
On 2 September 2006, the Poland national football team began the qualifications for the UEFA European Championship. In Bydgoszcz, they faced Finland, losing 1–3. The media described the Poles' performance as terrible and embarrassing. Four days later, in a better style, Poland drew 1–1 with Serbia, with a goal from outside the penalty area scored by Radosław Matusiak. In the next match – against Kazakhstan – the Poles secured their first victory, but their play was clumsy and nervous.
| 2.140625
| 0
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77468595
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Maria%20Wittek%20Monument
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General Maria Wittek Monument
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The General Maria Wittek Monument is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, placed at the courtyard of the Warsaw National Museum at 3 Jerusalem Avenue. It is dedicated to Maria Wittek, veteran of the First and Second World Wars, and the first woman to receive rank of brigadier general in the Polish Armed Forces. The monument was designed by Jan Bohdan Chmielewski and unveiled on 19 April 2007.
History
The monument was financed by Elżbieta Zawacka, general in the Polish Armed Forces. It was dedicated to Maria Wittek, veteran of the First and Second World Wars, who served during the Invasion of Poland and the Warsaw Uprising, among others. In 1991, she was given the rank of the brigadier general, becoming the first woman in the Polish Armed Forces to do so. The monument was designed by Jan Bohdan Chmielewski and unveiled on 19 April 2007. It was placed at the courtyard of the Polish Army Museum, which currently belongs to the Warsaw National Museum.
Characteristics
The moment is placed at the courtyard of the Warsaw National Museum at 3 Jerusalem Avenue. It consists of the statue of general Maria Wittek, wearing a military uniform. Next to her legs is placed a shield with the relief depicting the insignia of the Polish Armed Forces, in form of the military eagle, with crown and raised wings, that is perched on a pelte shield. To her right is placed an epitaph panel, with the inscription as transcribed below.
| 2.15625
| 0
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77468794
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2029%20Wheelchair%20Rugby%20League%20World%20Cup
|
2029 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
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The 2029 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup will be the sixth staging of the Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup and will be the first standalone Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup since the wheelchair tournament was made a primary event and moved out of the Festival of World Cups in 2021.
The competition is expected to be held in during October and November 2029.
Background
Following the withdrawal of France as host of the 2025 Rugby League World Cups, the International Rugby League (IRL) recognised it would become increasingly difficult for one or two nations to host three growing tournaments.
On 3 August 2023, the IRL announced that the women's tournament would become a stand-alone event starting in 2028, reflecting the tournament's "phenomenal rate of growth" and to ease the stain on future hosts. The same decision was made at the later date of 13 November for the wheelchair tournament for the same reason, with the first standalone edition taking place in 2029.
The wheelchair tournament became a primary event in 2021, with the 2021 World Cup the first to be held concurrently with the men's. Prior to this, the wheelchair tournament was played as part of the Festival of World Cups in build up to the men's event.
Host selection
On 13 November 2023, the IRL confirmed five nations had expressed interest in hosting the 2028 World Cup.
On 30 July 2024, the IRL announced England, France, and the United States had bid to host the tournament.
The host nation is expected to be announced after February 2025.
| 2.078125
| 0
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77468796
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Oppenheimer%20Alternative
|
The Oppenheimer Alternative
|
The Oppenheimer Alternative is a 2020 science fiction alternate history novel by Canadian writer Robert J. Sawyer. It was first published in June 2020 in Canada by Red Deer Press, and in the United States by CAEZIK SF & Fantasy, 75 years after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The novel was nominated for The Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy Association's 2021 Aurora Award for Best Novel.
The Oppenheimer Alternative explores J. Robert Oppenheimer's role in the Manhattan Project during World War II, and his subsequent security clearance hearings in the mid-1950s. It also tackles his handling of the fictional discovery that the Sun's core is unstable and will shed its outer layer in the late-2020s, engulfing the inner Solar System, including Earth. Sawyer stated that many of the events that take place in the novel are factual, and most of the characters are dramatizations of historical figures, including Albert Einstein, Hans Bethe, Edward Teller, Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard and Wernher von Braun.
Background
Sawyer said in an interview with SciFiPulse.Net that the inspiration for The Oppenheimer Alternative came from The Inventor of All Things, a play he had seen about Leo Szilard, the first person to foresee the nuclear chain reaction. This prompted Sawyer to start researching Szilard, which led to the Manhattan Project. The people involved, Oppenheimer, Szilard, Edward Teller, Leslie Groves, Albert Einstein, were "larger than life" and were "irresistible to write about". Sawyer realized that Oppenheimer "was the perfect main character for my kind of science fiction, which deals with the ethics and morality of science and technology." He said the novel is "a tale of the search for redemption".
| 2.09375
| 0
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77468943
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majdalawi%20weaving
|
Majdalawi weaving
|
Majdalawi weaving is a style of weaving which originated in the Palestinian village of al-Majdal, which was later absorbed into the Israeli city of Ashkelon. Weaving and fabric production was a vital part of the community's economy, and its products were exported to a number of surrounding Palestinian communities.
After al-Majdal was depopulated in 1948, former residents continued to produce the style of weaving after being relocated to the Gaza Strip and other areas.
Weaving in al-Majdal
Traditionally, weaving in al-Majdal was done by men using single-treadle looms. The fabric produced by the community was mostly cotton and wool-based, and was used throughout the southern region of what is now Israel and Palestine. The fabric was often sold in eight-metre pieces, the amount needed to create a single thobe; it took weavers one or two months to weave each piece.
The three major fabrics produced were "malak" (silk), 'ikhdari' (bands of red and green) and 'jiljileh' (dark red bands). These were used for festival dresses throughout Southern Palestine. Many other fabrics were produced, some with poetic names such as ji'nneh u nar ("heaven and hell"), nasheq rohoh ("breath of the soul") and abu mitayn ("father of two hundred"). Other fabrics produced included Shash (white muslin for veils), Burk/Bayt al-shem (plain cotton for underdresses), Karnaish (white cotton with stripes), "Bazayl" (flannelette), Durzi (blue cotton) and Dendeki (red cotton). One of the most iconic fabrics had an indigo or black cotton base with pink or fuschia stripes and turquoise accents.
| 2.640625
| 0
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77468943
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majdalawi%20weaving
|
Majdalawi weaving
|
At the height of al-Majdal's weaving industry, the community had around 800 looms. The town had around 500 looms in 1909. In 1920 a British Government report estimated that there were 550 cotton looms in the town with an annual output worth 30–40 million francs. The industry suffered from imports from Europe, and by 1927 only 119 weaving establishments remained. However, the weaving industry bounced back by the 1930s, when the town had about 400 looms, and residents continued to produce fabric until the late 1940s. This may be attributed to the fact that Majdalawi fabric was primarily being bought by local, rural populations, for whom European imports did not suit their needs.
Under the British Mandate government, weaving classes were introduced to the al-Majdal village school.
After 1948
Many weavers from al-Madjal were relocated to the Gaza Strip, where they continue to weave in the Majdalawi style. Some weavers have also since moved to Egypt, or trained in Egypt. More women have also since taken part in the style.
In the 1990s, the Palestinian Authority attempted to revitalize the tradition in the Gaza Strip.
Many Majdalawi weaving workshops in the Gaza Strip have been destroyed since the beginning of the Israel-Hamas war in late 2023.
| 2.703125
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77468977
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limes%20Gate%20Dalkingen
|
Limes Gate Dalkingen
|
The Limes Gate in Dalkingen is a unique Roman triumphal monument on the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes and is one of its most impressive ruins. Since 2005, the ancient border passage, which was developed into a triumphal gate under Emperor Caracalla, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with the entire Roman Limes complex in Germany. It is also part of the open-air museum of the Rhaetian Limes, which was established in 1972 and also includes the nearby and its civilian settlement. The gate, which was declared a cultural monument in 2006, is located between the villages of Schwabsberg and in the Ostalbkreis district of Baden-Württemberg.
Location
In antiquity, the gate must have been visible from afar, as it was erected in an exposed position on a hilltop. Today, the field and hiking trail from Schwabsberg to Dalkingen, which takes the course of the Limes, passes to the north of this former border crossing. The actual façade of the gatehouse was located to the south. Travellers who wanted to leave the territory of the Roman Empire to reach the free, unoccupied part of Germania (Germania magna) came from there. For many of them, , located around two kilometres to the south-west, with its civilian settlement (vicus), was certainly the last stop before the border. As the rich and often valuable artefacts found there show, the inhabitants of Buch must have achieved some prosperity through border trade.
| 2.59375
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77469184
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machhiwara%20%28jungle%29
|
Machhiwara (jungle)
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The jungle formed in a region near the bank of the Sutlej river. The jungle was filled with thorny vegetation and existed during the time period of Guru Gobind Singh. The jungle was located near a village, also called Machhiwara (now a town). In the aftermath of the Battle of Chamkaur, the tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh, became separated from the rest of his entourage and became lost in the Machhiwara jungle after leaving from Chamkaur in December 1705. The guru was without food, shelter, or a mount during his trek through the jungle. He eventually reunited with three of his companions, Man Singh, Dharam Singh, and Daya Singh, in the garden of the village sharing the name of the jungle. The guru had chosen the garden outside the village as his resting place when he was come upon by his companions. Gurdwara Charan Kaval Sahib now marks the location of this village garden. A man named Gulaba Chand was the local masand of the Machhiwara area during the time of Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh stayed with Gulaba, who had a house in the Machhiwara village, where he stayed in a room on the first floor. Gurdwara Chubara Sahib now marks the location where Gulaba's house once was. Two Rohilla Pathan brothers who worked as horse dealers, named Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan, helped transport the guru whilst he was disguised as a Muslim holy man. The guru stayed at the family house of the Pathan brothers after staying in Gulaba's house. The familial house of the Pathan brothers is now marked by Gurdwara Uchch Da Pir. The group secretly disguised the guru as a Sufi Pir of Uch, carrying him in a palanquin, with the event known as Uch Da Peer. With the assistance of three Muslims, the group was able to evade Mughal patrols in the area. Eventually, the group made its way out of the area and reached Jatpura, where Rai Kalha, a local Muslim chieftain, received the Sikh guru.
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77470498
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazel%20Ong%27ayo%20Ayanga
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Hazel Ong'ayo Ayanga
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Research and writing
Ayanga's research and writing span religion, culture and social change emphasizing social issues like gender, poverty, HIV/AIDS, marginalization and empowerment of the vulnerable women and children. For instance, in her article titled "Voice of the voiceless: The legacy of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians," she considers the legacy of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians as being the voice of the voiceless women in Africa. In this article, she argues that the Circle voices (figuratively and literally) women's issues through research and publications and by providing safe spaces for women to be themselves and to share their stories thus creating reconstructive and transformative theologies. Telling stories gives voice to women's lived experiences and makes women, their lives and experiences audible and visible. She shows how the Circle, through research and publications, created awareness of the woman's face of HIV/AIDS in Africa where women are victims of negative cultural and religious beliefs and remain vulnerable and susceptible to HIV infections.
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77471213
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattewara
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Mattewara
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An environmentalist movement, mainly composed of Sikh groups and local inhabitants, opposed the proposed industrial park. Environmentalists and social activists protested the decision of developing the area into an industrial park at the Greater Ludhiana Area Development Authority office. In response, the Punjab Government clarified that the industrial park would not be set up in the designated area of the forest but on land acquired in Sekhowal, Mattewar, Salempur, Garhiyan, Cell Kalan, and Kalewal villages, in addition to the land of the animal husbandry and rehabilitation departments. However, this did calm concerns as there were worries that the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emitted from the industrial units would cause air-borne dry and wet acidic substances, damaging the forest's vegetation and polluting the local area. Furthermore, the proposed industrial park would further pollute the already dirtied Sutlej river, similar to the fate of the Buddha Nullah. The government's efforts to clean the Sutlej thus far have failed. Many mass-dying incidents involving fish have been recorded in recent times in the area. Punjab state already has one of the lowest amounts of land under forest cover in India. Every day, around 147 trees are cut down in Punjab and 530,000 trees have been cut down over a period of a decade. The Mattewara forest is located in the Ludhiana district, where the forest cover is only 1.65%.
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77472261
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuad%20Shukr
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Fuad Shukr
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Militant career
From the time of Hezbollah's founding by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in 1982, Shukr was one of its leading military figures. He was part of the group's founding generation and its most senior military commander, serving as an advisor on military operations to Hezbollah's leader Hassan Nasrallah. The militant organization's top military commander in southern Lebanon, he was on the Jihad Council, where his role was to serve as an advisor to Hezbollah's leadership on all matters related to military operations, including training with the IRGC's elite Quds Force.
A close associate of Imad Mughniyeh, Mustafa Badreddine, and Mustafa Shahada, Shukr fought against Israeli troops after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982. Shukr participated in the planning and execution of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings, which resulted in the deaths of 307 people, including 241 U.S. military personnel and 58 French soldiers. Israel accused Shukr of direct involvement in the 2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid, in which Hezbollah abducted and killed three Israeli soldiers.
He was responsible for procuring the group's more advanced weapons arsenal, including precision-guided missiles, cruise missiles, antiship missiles, long-range rockets, and UAVs. According to U.S. intelligence, Shukr was sent to Tehran in 1994 to handle a shipment of Stinger missiles from Iran. His prominence grew after Mughniyeh was assassinated in Damascus in 2008.
By the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War, Shukr was Hezbollah's military commander in southern Lebanon, its most important sector. According to some reports, in 2016, Shukr replaced Badreddine as Hezbollah's military commander, after Badreddine was killed during Hezbollah's intervention in the Syrian Civil War.
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77472519
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eitan%20Herzel
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Eitan Herzel
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Eitan Herzel (; born ) is the founder and CEO of Brothers in Arms, a political movement that was established as part of the protests against the judicial reform.
Biography
Eitan was born and raised in Kibbutz Sa'ad to Chaim Herzel, a Holocaust survivor, Talmud teacher and Bnei Akiva member. His mother, Deborah Herzel, worked as an educator in the kibbutz.
Eitan studied at Kvutzat Yavne High School and enlisted in the Israeli Defense Forces in 1986, serving as a fighter in Sayeret Matkal. After military service, he studied at Hadassah Academic College, earning a degree in physics with a specialization in electro-optics. He later held various management roles at KLA Corporation.
Activism
In January 2023, Eitan heard about Yariv Levin's judicial reform. in response, he established a team of people (that included Ron Scherf and Eyal Naveh) to protest against the plan and seek its cancellation. The team, led by Eitan, initiated a three-day campaign calling on reservists to join the protest to amplify public opposition to the perceived "coup d'état", and to strengthen the Supreme Court of Israel as an essential and independent authority.
Eitan initiated and led protest activities in front of members of the Knesset, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
On 27 June 2023, he was arrested after demonstrating in front of the home of the Minister of Justice, Yariv Levin, but was released by a court that determined the arrest was arbitrary.
On 20 May 2024, Eitan was arrested after protesting against the new conscription law. The case was closed without charges being filed.
In June 2024, the Presidential Award for Volunteerism (formerly the “Presidential Award for Volunteers”) was awarded by the President of the State of Israel, Isaac Herzog, to the Civil Defense Force that the organization operated during the Iron Swords War.
| 1.9375
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77472621
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20S.%20Brayboy
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Jack S. Brayboy
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Jack S. Brayboy (May 2, 1921 – September 1, 1976) was an American football player, coach, teacher, and university administrator, all at Johnson C. Smith University (JCSU) in Charlotte, North Carolina. Brayboy was a three time "Negro All-American" and was named as "Colored Player of the Year" by Football News following his 1942 senior season with the Johnson C. Smith Golden Bulls football team.
Brayboy was head coach of the Golden Bulls from 1950 to 1952. He later earned a PhD degree and worked in university administration as a vice-president at JCSU.
Brayboy is a 1976 inductee of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (née Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association) Hall of Fame and a 2015 member of the Vineland High School Hall of Fame. He is also the namesake of Jack S. Brayboy Gymnasium, home venue for volleyball and basketball at JCSU.
Biography
Early life
Brayboy was born on May 2, 1921, in Vineland, New Jersey, and he attended Vineland High School in that city. Brayboy earned varsity letters in football, basketball, and track and field before graduating in 1939. He was instrumental in helping Vineland win New Jersey state football championships in 1937 and 1938.
College career
Brayboy attended Johnson C. Smith University (JCSU), a historically black school located in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Said to have possessed "glue-tipped fingers" as a receiver and an uncanny ability as a defender to stop opponents' running plays in their tracks, Brayboy was named to the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association for four successive years, beginning with his freshman season in 1939. He was also named an All-American following the 1940, 1941, and 1942 seasons.
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77472673
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%20Sibomana
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Emmanuel Sibomana
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Sibomana Emmanuel commonly known as Sibomana (born January 1, 1988) is a Rwandan activist, journalist, actor and founder of media house called Vibe Media Network.
Early life and career
Emmanuel Sibomana was born in Nyanza District in the southern part of Rwanda. In 2012, he began his career on Radio Rwanda. He continued as drama voice actor in "Urunana" hosted on BBC, where he gained recognition of his work as Patrick. "Urunana," which means "hand in hand" in Kinyarwanda, is a radio drama that has focused on important issues such as family planning, HIV/AIDS awareness, gender equality, and mental health. Through its engaging narrative, the series has become a powerful platform for addressing these critical topics and promoting positive social change in Rwanda. Sibomana’s portrayal of Patrick has played a crucial role in initiating and advancing these important conversations. Through his role as Patrick, Sibomana has been instrumental in breaking taboos surrounding reproductive health. His performances have sparked open discussions about family planning, empowering individuals to make informed and responsible decisions.
Philanthropy
Emmanuel Sibomana donates to charity organizations working in the Gatsibo District. Those foundations include Nufashwa Yafasha owned by Jean Paul Bujyacyera, care for vulnerable children.
He also support young people to create innovation to any sector of work in Rwanda. Sibomana has also contributed to HIV/AIDS awareness, using his platform to dispel myths and promote prevention strategies. His role has been especially impactful in rural areas, where radio is a vital source of information. Sibomana’s work addresses pressing social issues, including youth unemployment, domestic violence, and women’s empowerment. By highlighting these challenges, he fosters resilience and hope among his listeners.
| 1.90625
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77473284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Gaza%20Strip%20polio%20epidemic
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2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic
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Dr. Lior Nesher, the Israeli Infectious Disease Institute director at the Beersheba Soroka Medical Hospital, claimed that attempts to halt the "ecological movement" of the poliovirus would be "almost impossible", emphasizing that the virus "does not respect borders". He reported that the poliovirus could spread from sewage to underground aquifers as a result of flooding during the rainy season. He stated that even though most Israeli soldiers were immunized against the virus, they could still carry it in their clothes, in mud, and in feces produced with bowel movements, which could cause the virus to spread throughout Israel. He also noted a marked increase in vaccine non-compliance in Israel compared to a few years ago, which could allow the virus to spread easier throughout non-immunized citizens and unvaccinated children. According to his statistics, rates of Israeli measles vaccination were below herd immunity percentages of 92–93%, which could indicate a lack of herd immunity towards polio in the Israeli population were the virus to circulate in Israel.
On 29 July, the Gaza Health Ministry officially declared a polio epidemic in the Gaza Strip, stating that the circulating poliovirus throughout large deposits of wastewater posed a significant health threat to Gaza and countries bordering it. The ministry called the epidemic "a setback to the global polio eradication program" and placed blame on the destruction of hospitals and medical infrastructure by Israel. On 30 July, the WHO reported that it was "very likely" that polio had infected and spread among citizens Gaza.
On 16 August, the Palestinian Ministry of Health recorded the first confirmed case of polio in Gaza in the city of Deir al-Balah. The first polio victim was a ten-month old baby who "stopped crawling, stopped moving, stopped standing up, and stopped sitting."
Response
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77473713
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BADIR
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BADIR
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The BADIR (pronounced /ˈbaːdɪr/) is a structured data science and data analytics process designed to enhance data-driven decision-making within organizations by addressing both analytical output as well as usefulness to management. It was developed by Piyanka Jain and Puneet Sharma and first published in the 2014 book “Behind Every Good Decision”.
Overview
The BADIR Framework employs a hypothesis-driven approach that involves understanding business objectives and challenges, analysis planning before acquiring and ensuring the quality of relevant data, applying analytics to derive insights and the potential impact on the business challenge, developing actionable recommendations aligned with strategic goals, and implementing decisions while monitoring outcomes and making necessary adjustments.
Key Components of BADIR
The BADIR Framework consists of interrelated components essential for decision-making. Its main assertion is that if data analytics does not drive business impact, then it is just statistics, not analytics. The acronym in the framework stands for the following 5 steps:
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77473713
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BADIR
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BADIR
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B = Business Question: The first step in the framework is to define the real business question. Market trends, customer feedback, competitor actions, etc. are data sources commonly used by businesses. However, these data alone do not help teams to make decisions.
A = Analysis Plan: Once the fundamental business question is defined, the next phase involves generating and testing hypotheses to explore potential strategic directions. This phase ensures that decisions are not based on assumptions but on validated data insights.
D = Data Collection: With a clear plan and methodology in place, the next step is to gather the required data. This stage is crucial as the quality of data directly affects the reliability of insights derived from it.
I = Insights Derivation: This phase involves analyzing the data to identify patterns, trends, and outcomes that either support or challenge the proposed hypotheses.
R = Recommendations: The final step is to synthesize the insights gained through data analysis into actionable recommendations that can guide strategic business decisions.
Origin
Piyanka Jain, a data science expert with experience at Adobe and PayPal, developed the BADIR framework to address the need for more structured data analytics methodologies. Observing that data-driven decision-making was often seen as complex and inaccessible, Jain designed BADIR as a five-step process to streamline and simplify data analysis in business environments.
| 2.109375
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77474157
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descent%20of%20Inanna%20into%20the%20Underworld
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Descent of Inanna into the Underworld
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Nevertheless, this interpretation is vigorously challenged within the historical community. For Jerrold Cooper, while certain patterns specific to the ancient Near East may persist in Hellenistic Greece, allowing for a similarity between Descent of Inanna into the Underworld and Gnostic myths, no written document or tangible evidence allows us to trace the origins of these texts back to Assyrian or Mesopotamian civilization.
The lamentations for Tammuz
Towards the end of the 1st millennium BC, Tammuz underwent a process of partial assimilation with Osiris, resulting in the emergence of Adon, which translates to "our lord" or "our master." Subsequently, his disappearance was commemorated annually in Cyprus, Jerusalem, Byblos, and subsequently in Rome and Greece (during a festival called "Deikrerion", a name derived from "Taklimtu") under the name of Adonis or even in Phrygia under the name of Attis. The theme of the disappearance and rebirth of vegetation alongside the descent and ascent of a divine figure is also found in several of these myths, particularly in the Greek myth of Persephone, daughter of Demeter. These numerous similarities between these myths and the Dumuzi cycle lead historians to conclude that Dumuzi is the prototype of the dying god.
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77475677
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph%20von%20Wydenbruck
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Christoph von Wydenbruck
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Count Christoph Anton Maria von Wydenbruck (5 February 1856 – 4 October 1917), was an Austrian diplomat.
Early life
Count von Wydenbruck was born on 5 February 1856 in Vienna, Austria. He was the eldest son of diplomat Count Ferdinand von Wydenbruck and Isabella (née Blacker). Among his siblings were Count August von Wydenbruck (who married Countess Maria Esterházy de Galántha) and Countess Isabella von Wydenbruck (who married Count Folliot de Crenneville-Poutet, parents of writer Hermynia Zur Mühlen).
His paternal grandparents were Baron Franz von Wydenbruck-Loë and Alexandrina Arrazola de Oñate. His maternal grandparents were Lt.-Col. St John Blacker, a member of the Anglo-Irish gentry, and Anne Hammond Morgan (only child of Sir Thomas Charles Morgan). After his grandfather's death in 1842, his grandmother married Hon. George Augustus Browne (a younger son of the 2nd Barone Kilmaine).
While his father was the Austro-Hungarian Envoy in Washington, D.C. from 1865 to 1867, Wydenbruck attended school in the United States.
Career
During the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I, he served as an Austro-Hungarian diplomat. After serving in minor positions in London, he was appointed Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to Japan, then from 1889 to 1907 he was the Ambassador to Denmark, followed by Ambassador to the Netherlands from 1908 to 1911, and Ambassador to Spain from 1911 to 1913.
Personal life
On 25 July 1880 at Meiselberg Castle, Count von Wydenbruck married Countess Marie Franziska Fugger von Babenhausen (b. 1858), only daughter of Countess Friederike von Christalnigg von und zu Gillitzstein and Karl, 4th Prince Fugger von Babenhausen. Her brother, Karl, 5th Prince Fugger von Babenhausen, was married to Princess Eleonora of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Together, Christoph and Marie were the parents of:
Countess Eleonora Nora Frederika Agnes Augusta Maria von Wydenbruck (1894–1959), a writer who married artist Alfons Purtscher.
Countess Helene Isabella von Wydenbruck (1881–), who married Count Nikolaus Desfours-Walderode.
| 2.1875
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75852883
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20and%20Away%3A%20The%20Musical
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Home and Away: The Musical
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Creation and background
In 1990, a stage musical of the Australian soap opera Prisoner Cell Block H was produced and toured around theatre venues in the United Kingdom. Producers of another Australian soap opera, Neighbours monitored Prisoner Cell Block H's theatrical journey and were less inclined to adapt their show for musical theatre. Producers of Home and Away allowed their brand to used and musical stage show was developed based on the series. Soap opera being used in musical theatre can be viewed as lowbrow by theatre critics. Producers of the musical were not worried about the critical success and opted to create a "visual, easy listening" show.
That year, Paul Hammond and his company Montrose Entertainment acquired the creative rights from Home and Away to produce the show. Hammond has stated that his original vision was inspired by Home and Away's fictional setting of Summer Bay. He believed it could be a "terrific attraction" for theatre revellers and imagined the show being the "Grease of the nineties". Hammond learned about a demographic who only attended theatre show's featuring television actors, including pantomimes. He believed that using the Home and Away brand would attract this demographic and not only be profitable, but potentially maintain their interest in theatre. Hammond planned the show to be a multi-week touring stage musical that would be capable of playing large venues. He planned that it should be staged during the British summer months to capitalise on the season's heightened business. Hammond's original story plans were for the show to be based on Home and Away's pilot episode and other early episodes.
Production
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75853233
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Pape
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William Pape
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Friedrich Georg William Pape (3 September 1859 – 13 December 1920) was a German painter and illustrator.
Early life
Pape was born on 3 September 1859 in Karlshütte near Rendsburg.
He initially studied philosophy and natural sciences at the University of Berlin before attending the Academy of Arts in Berlin. He received further lessons from Hermann Prell and at the Académie Julian in Paris from Jules-Joseph Lefebvre and Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant. He went on painting trips to Italy, Denmark and Russia.
Career
Pape painted highly detailed large-scale paintings, known as vedutas, in Berlin, but specialized primarily in history painting. His painting, One Empire, One People, One God (), which depicted the 18 January 1896 celebration marking the 25th anniversary of the founding of the German Empire, attracted the attention of the German court, who purchased the painting, which was owned personally by Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Kaiser also personally owned Paper's 1898 painting, Confirmation of the Crown Prince and Prince Eitel Friedrich ().
At the time of his death, he was vice-president of the Berlin Academy.
Portraits
Pape was also a sought after portrait artist and was able to personally portray both the Emperor and his family several times, including, The Royal Family in Park Sanssouci: Wilhelm II, the Empress and the eldest princes.. He also painted portraits of many politicians, academics, artists, and aristocrats of the German Empire (many of which are held at the Berlinische Galerie), including:
Heinrich VII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz
Princess Marie Radziwill
Prince Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł
Adolf Engler
Adolf Erman
Alexander Conze
Amandus Schwarz
August von Mackensen
Emil Fischer
Baron von Cramm-Burgdorf
Fritz Schaper
Count Edzard zu Innhausen und Knyphausen
Prof. Emil Warburg
Wilhelm von Wedell-Piesdorf
Gallery
Stamps
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75853275
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldina%20Railway
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Leopoldina Railway
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In the same year, the Empresa Industrial de Melhoramentos no Brasil assumed office under the promise of fixing the railroad's problems. At the time, Leopoldina's rail circuit was very disconnected, with many junctions and branches in bad condition. In addition, there was a lack of rolling stock to serve the entire length efficiently. The company unified 468 kilometers of railroad and acquired new rolling stock, which increased the financial problems. In 1893, the Naval Revolt began, which suspended traffic on certain stretches of the railroad, resulting in more costs to maintain the lines during the conflict. At the end of 1894, Além Paraíba suffered a cholera epidemic, which had already spread throughout the Paraíba Valley. In order to prevent contagion, the population removed many kilometers of track in the region, increasing the company's losses and difficulties. After these incidents, the Companhia Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina became unable to maintain its regular activities, suffering pressure from British creditors who threatened to hijack sections of the railway network as a means of payment.
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75853488
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punta%20del%20Cravile
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Punta del Cravile
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The Punta del Cravile is a mountain of Piedmont, Italy, with an elevation of . It is located in the Biellese Alps, in the Province of Biella.
It lies between the Val Sessera and the Valle Cervo, and its peak marks a tripoint between the territory of the municipalities of Piedicavallo, Bioglio and Valdilana (formerly Valle Mosso). Part of the Monte Bo massif, it has four main ridges: one joins it to the nearby Cima delle Guardie to the south; another one joins it to Cima d’Ala, Punta del Manzo and Monte Bo to the north-west; a third one joins it to the Bonda Lansona to the east; and the fourth one divides the Vallone Concabbia from Valdescola, two secondary valleys.
The Punta del Cravile has two peaks, about one hundred meters apart; the northern peak is 2,384 meters high, whereas the southern peak is a meter lower. A cairn has been built on the southern peak.
The peak can be reached via a hiking path from the Cima del Bonom or from the Valsessera or the hamlet of Forgengo (part of Campiglia Cervo) through the Bassa della Cavallina.
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75853573
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Virgil
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Elizabeth Virgil
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In the late 1930s, Virgil returned to New Hampshire to care for her mother, whose health was failing. Still unable to find a teaching position on account of her race, she worked a variety of jobs, serving as a secretary at a doctor's office, a clerk-typist at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, and a demonstrator of gas appliances. In 1951, she became a clerk in the soil conservation department at the University of New Hampshire, where she entered data and typed scientific reports, among other responsibilities. She held this position at her alma mater for twenty-two years, until her retirement in 1973.
Committed to community service and to the welfare of her alma mater and its students, she sang in community and Congregational Church choirs and served on the UNH president's council. She also established the Alberta Curry Virgil Scholarship at UNH in memory of her mother. In 1991, a few months before Virgil's death, UNH commissioned Grant Drumheller to paint her portrait. It hangs in the lobby of Dimond Library. In 2018, Portsmouth High School honored Virgil with a faculty appointment in perpetuity and unveiled a school mural featuring her.
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75853649
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th%20century%20glassmaking%20in%20the%20United%20States
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18th century glassmaking in the United States
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18th century glassmaking in the United States began before the country existed. During the previous century, several attempts were made to produce glass, but none were long-lived. By 1700, it is thought that little or no glass was being produced in the British colonies that would eventually become the United States. The first American glass factory operated with long–term success was started by Caspar Wistar in 1745—although two glass works in New Amsterdam that operated in the previous century deserve honorable mention. Wistar's glass works was located in the English colony known as the Province of New Jersey. In the southeastern portion of the Province of Pennsylvania, Henry Stiegel was the first American producer of high–quality glassware known as crystal. Stiegel's first glass works began in 1763, and his better quality glassmaking began in 1769. In the United States, the first use of coal as a fuel for glassmaking furnaces is believed to have started in 1794 at a short-lived factory on the Schuylkill River near Philadelphia. In 1797 Pittsburgh's O'Hara and Craig glass works was also powered by coal, and it contributed to the eventual establishment of Pittsburgh as a leading glassmaking center in the 19th century.
Many of the skilled glass workers in the United States during the 17th and 18th centuries came from the German-speaking region of Europe. German–born Johann Friedrich Amelung (later renamed John Frederick Amelung) employed 342 people in 1788 at his New Bremen glass works located in Frederick County, Maryland. His skilled workers were German. Other prominent glass makers such as Wistar, Stiegel, and the Stanger brothers were also German. In many cases, as a glass works failed, the skilled workers found work at another factory.
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75853649
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th%20century%20glassmaking%20in%20the%20United%20States
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18th century glassmaking in the United States
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New Geneva Glass Works: In 1795 Albert Gallatin formed a partnership with James Nicholson (Gallatin's brother–in–law) and three others. They purchased land in western Pennsylvania's Fayette County for the purpose of commercial development, and they named their land New Geneva. Their location gave them access to the Monongahela River, which gave them access to the west using waterways. They also had access to the east coast using roads that connected to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, DC. In September 1797 the partnership made an agreement with five German glassblowers to start a glass works. Production began in 1798 shortly after production at the O'Hara and Craig works began in Pittsburgh. The works was about south of O'Hara and Craig's Pittsburgh glass works. Among his workers, mostly Germans, were former employees of the Amelung works. Gallatin's glass company was originally called Gallatin & Company, but later it became the New Geneva Glass Works. Gallatin sold his share of the company in 1803. The works was moved across the Monongahela River in 1807, making its new location at Greensboro in Greene County. This site provided access to coal, and the works continued until 1847.
Ohio Glass Works: In May 1799 Hugh Scott bought land on the north side of the Ohio River close to the O'Hara and Craig glass works. He started the Ohio Glass Company, and it began producing window glass in 1800. This works shut down by March 1801.
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75854391
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20D.%20Guither
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Harold D. Guither
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Harold Daniel Guither (June 16, 1927 – September 13, 2024) was an American agricultural economist and writer.
Life and career
Guither was born in Walnut, Illinois, on June 16, 1927. He attended Walnut Community High School. He spent 14 months in the United States Navy at the end of World War II. He graduated from the University of Illinois College of Agriculture with a B.S. in agriculture and an M.S. in agricultural economics. He was an agricultural economist for Doane Agricultural Service in St. Louis, Missouri.
In 1956, Guither joined the editorial staff at the University of Illinois, advising in agricultural communications. He obtained a Ph.D. in agricultural economics in 1962. In 1966, he joined the Department of Agricultural Economics. Guither was secretary-treasurer of the Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers for 10 years. He retired from the University of Illinois in 1995. He was a member of the American Agricultural Economics Association. He received the 1999 ACES Award of Merit.
In 1998, he authored a book on the history of the animal rights movement. He took a "middle of the road" position on animal rights and described the sociological characteristics of the movement. It has been described as an attempt "to provide an unbiased examination of the paths and goals of the members of the animal rights movement and of its detractors".
Guither died in Davenport, Iowa, on September 13, 2024, at the age of 97.
Selected publications
Food Lobbyists: Behind the Scenes of Food and Agri-Politics (1980)
The American Farm Crisis: An Annotated Bibliography With Analytical Introductions (1987)
Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Implications for Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers (1994)
Animal Rights: History and Scope of a Radical Social Movement (1998)
Professional Services for Agriculture: 75 Years of Farm Management, Rural Appraising and Consulting (2004)
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75854511
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr%20Lisovets
|
Volodymyr Lisovets
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Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Lisovets (, born 30 May 2004) is a Ukrainian swimmer.
He is multiple European Junior Championships medalist.
Early life and education
He was born on 30 May 2004 in Zhytomyr, Ukraine. He studied at the sport college in Brovary.
Volodymyr is currently a student of Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav in physical culture department.
Career
In 2021, he competed at the 2021 European Junior Swimming Championships, held in Rome, where he won bronze medals in medley relays and 50 m breaststroke events. He also received a gold medal in 100 m breaststroke at this European Junior Championships.
At the 2022 European Junior Swimming Championships he won two gold medals in 50 m and 100 m breaststroke and also silver and bronze medals in medley relay events.
He competed at the 2021 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) and 2022 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in breaststroke events and medley relays without reaching any medals.
He competed at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships in 50 m breaststroke without reaching a medal (7th place).
He was one of the first competitors from Ukraine of the 2023 European U-23 Swimming Championships, held in Dublin, Ireland, where he competed in 50 m, 100 m and 200 m breaststroke without reaching any medals.
At the 2024 European Aquatics Championships, held in Belgrade, Volodymyr received a bronze medal in the medley relay event.
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75854514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Sanders%20%28mayor%29
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Robert Sanders (mayor)
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In 1750, Governor George Clinton appointed Sanders to succeed Jacob Coenraedt Ten Eyck as mayor. During his administration, the city hosted the Albany Congress, at which the British colonies planned coordinated actions in advance of the French and Indian War. In 1754, he was succeeded as mayor by Johannes Hansen.
Later life
Following his term as mayor, Sanders resumed active management of the Sanders family businesses and estate, and resided in a home on Albany's Pearl Street. His wife died in 1763, and Sanders died in Albany on May 24, 1765. He was buried beneath the floor of the First Reformed Church; in 1805, Sanders family members disinterred the remains of ancestors from the church, including Robert Sanders, and reinterred them at the Sanders Family Cemetery in Scotia, New York.
After Sanders died, management of his business interests fell to his son-in-law Philip Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the husband of his daughter Maria. Sanders's granddaughter Ariaantje, known as Harriet, was the wife of Solomon Van Rensselaer.
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75854615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjuman%20al-Sunnah
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Tarjuman al-Sunnah
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Tarjuman al-Sunnah () is a four-volume hadith work by Badre Alam Merathi in Urdu. In this work, he systematically organizes a variety of hadiths under specific chapter headings, primarily focusing on matters of belief. Beyond addressing contemporary challenges and ideologies, the compilation covers topics such as hadith compilation, authentication, scholars' biographies, and various aspects of Islamic teachings. Originating from Nadwatul Musannifeen's literary initiative, the first volume was completed in pre-partition India, while the final volume was finished in Medina after 17 years.
Background
The book's introduction explains the reason behind the compilation, emphasizing the need for a contemporary reevaluation of hadiths. It suggests that traditional collections may not adequately address the challenges of the present era. The author advocates for a dynamic approach in understanding and applying the sayings of the Prophet to current international and social issues, encouraging scholars to explore new compositions aligned with the intricacies of the time. The goal is to bridge the relevance gap between historical debates and the pressing concerns of today, fostering a more contextual and applicable understanding of Islamic guidance. Despite the author's initial intention to write eight to ten volumes, the project concluded with four volumes. The October 1949 issue of Monthly Maarif from Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy published a detailed review of the first volume, and a review of volume 3 was also published in the Monthly Al-Furqan in the September 1957 issue.
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75854747
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Hiant
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Ben Hiant
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Ben Hiant (, meaning "blessed mountain" or "charmed mountain") is the highest mountain on the Ardnamurchan peninsula in Scotland. The mountain is situated in the centre of the peninsula, nearby to Kilchoan, looking over the Sound of Mull and Loch Sunart. Despite not being very tall, the mountain is visually very prominent.
Access and climbing route
The hike to the peak begins at the side of the B8007 at an open space of gravel used as a car park in front of a gated road heading up Tom a' Chapuill. The path then turns left giving views of Loch Sunart and the Isle of Mull, before turning into a gradual grassy incline. There is a short rocky section before you reach the soft grassy ridge with views of the final peak, and finally, you climb up to a shoulder, turning left before the final ascent, then turning right and giving access to the peak.
From the top the islands of Mull, Eigg, and Rùm are visible on clear days, as well as Kilchoan and a view over the Sound of Mull and Loch Sunart over to Morvern.
Geology
Around 60 million years ago, the region was volcanically active, with Ben Hiant being the remnant of a volcano. The rock is diverse, being rich in quartz, breccias, basalt, and other volcanic rocks.
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75855244
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatea%20Urehaea
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Tamatea Urehaea
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Circumnavigation of New Zealand
When Tamatea came of age, he engaged the craftsman Kauri to build a canoe for him at Whangaroa, which he named Tākitimu after his grandfather's vessel. He gathered a crew of seventy men and set off to circumnavigate New Zealand. For most of this circumnavigation, Tamatea alternated between paddling in the canoe and walking on the shore, while his companions sailed the canoe. He set out from Tauranga Bay, just east of Whangaroa. From there, he travelled down the east coast to Te Whanganui a Tara (Wellington Harbour), where he crossed Raukawa (Cook Strait) and travelled down the east coast of the South Island until he reached Murihiku, turned west, and travelled up the west coast to Cape Farewell. From there he sailed straight across the sea to Whanganui. Then he travelled north past Port Waikato. According to Northland traditions, he explored Kaipara and Hokianga habours. Travelling around North Cape, he returned to Tauranga Bay. For these feats, he received the name Pōkai-moana ("explorer of the seas"). Henry Matthew Stowell (Hare Hongi) calls him "the most famous navigator of purely Maori history" after Tamarereti.
In a South Island Māori account, Tamatea was shipwrecked at Te Waewae Bay as he rounded Murihiku and his canoe became the Takitimu Mountains. He then walked north to Kaiapoi, where he called out to Mount Tongariro for help. A vast fire came down from the mountain along the Whanganui River and over the Cook Strait, boiling away the water, so that Tamatea could walk all the way back to the central North Island. Tamatea took the fire with him and left it at various locations along the east coast of the South Island. In another version, he built a new canoe and sailed to Whanganui in it.
Expulsion from the North
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75855244
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatea%20Urehaea
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Tamatea Urehaea
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From here, he travelled to Ōpōtiki. He remained there until he heard that his son Kahungunu had married Rongomai-wāhine at Māhia Peninsula and that she was pregnant. He gathered presents and set out to bless the newborn. He travelled up the Waioeka River, where his pet karoro (kelp gull) turned to stone. The stone bird remained a local landmark as of 1944. When Tamatea came to Moumoukai, a village near Mōrere, he received the news that Rongomai-wāhine had given birth to a girl, who was the child of her previous husband, not Kahungunu. Tamatea threw the presents away in anger and went to Tapu-te-ranga island in Whanganui-a-rotu lagoon (now Napier). The girl was named Hine-Rauiri ("castaway girl") as a result.
Exploring inland, he identified the route through the Ahimanawa and Huiarau Ranges, going up the Ōtamatea River, which was named after him. Travelling up the Mangakopikopiko River, he nearly starved at Pohokura in the Ruahine Range, but continued all the way overland to Lake Taupō. On another trip, he went up the Ngaruroro River over the Ruahine Range to Waiōuru and Taihape. When he reached the Moawhango River, he filled it with kōura (freshwater crayfish). For this second journey, he received the name Pōkai-whenua ("explorer of the land").
From Moawhango, Tamatea set out on a final exploratory journey through the North Island, heading up the Whanganui River and then going overland to Lake Taupō. The Tama Lakes between the Volcanic Plateau and Lake Taupō were named after him Nga Puna a Tamatea ("The Water-springs of Tamatea"). From Taupō he sailed into the Waikato River and was killed by the rough water at Huka Falls or the Aratiatia Rapids. Another version says that he survived going over the falls and walked back to Tauranga.
Family
Tamatea married three daughters of Ira and Tekerau-wahine, a descendant of Paikea, at Rangaunu and had children with all of them.
By Te Onoono-i-waho, he had one son:
Te Whaene:
Rongoiri
Ruariki
Pou-wharekura, who married her elderly great grand-uncle Kahungunu.
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75855374
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Matthew%27s%20Church%20Cathedral%2C%20Nagoya
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St. Matthew's Church Cathedral, Nagoya
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St. Matthew's Cathedral, located in Showa-ku, Aichi, Japan, is the diocesan cathedral of the Diocese of Chubu of the Anglican Church in Japan, covering the parishes in the four prefectures of the Chubu Region (Central Japan): Aichi, Gifu, Nagano, and Niigata.
For historical reasons, the parishes in Fukui, Ishikawa and Toyama Prefectures of Japan's Chubu Region belong to the Diocese of Kyoto, while those in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures, to the Diocese of Yokohama.
Diocese of Chubu
The Anglican activities in Central Japan of Aichi, Gifu, Nagano, and Niigata prefectures began in 1873 when the Canadian Alexander Croft Shaw of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) came to Japan as a missionary, and visited Karuizawa, Nagano, for vacationing in 1886, and started his missionary activities there in 1886. He later visited Nagoya, Gifu, and Nagano himself, and later also sent Canadian missionaries, thus laying the foundations of the Diocese of Chubu. In 1875, the missionary P.K. Fyson (later the first bishop of the Diocese of Hokkaido) from England lived in Niigata, followed the Canadian priest J.C. Robinson who lived in Nagoya, and A.F. Chapel from England, who lived in Gifu in 1890.
In 1912, the Anglican Church of Canada ordained in Montreal H.J. Hamilton as the first bishop of the Diocese of Chubu of the Anglican Church in Japan. In the following year, a large conference was held in Nagoya, formally establishing the Diocese of Chubu, for the parishes in Aichi, Gifu, Nagano, and Niigata Prefectures. Thus, the churches in the diocese developed in close relationship with the Anglican Church of Canada.
The diocese experienced the evacuation of foreigners during World War II. After the war, there are now 26 churches and other related facilities, such as a junior college (St. Mary's College, Nagoya), kindergartens, and hospitals.
The bishop of the Diocese of Chubu is the Rt. Rev'd Dr. Renta Nishihara (西原廉太), since October 2020.
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75855901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Driyama%20Domain
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Kōriyama Domain
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Honda Masakatsu (本多政勝, c. 1619 - October 30, 1671), held the position of a daimyo. He served as the third lord of both the Himeji-Nitta Domain in Harima Province and the Himeji Domain. Later on, he became the first lord of the Kōriyama Domain in Yamato Province. As the fourth generation head of the Honda clan from the Tadakatsu lineage, he was known for his bravery on the battlefield and earned himself the nicknames "Kinaiki" and "Ouchiki." Masakatsu was the second son of Honda Tadatomo, further solidifying his noble lineage and position within the samurai hierarchy. In 1615, Masakatsu's father Honda Tadatomo died in battle, leading his cousin Honda Masatomo to take over the family. Masakatsu then became the leader of his branch of the clan. By 1637, Masatomo's health declined, so he passed the clan leadership to Masakatsu, who was to pass it on to Masanaga once he came of age. Masakatsu then moved to Kōriyama Domain and succeeded Matsudaira Tadaaki. Tensions grew within the clan as Masakatsu favored his biological son's political ambitions over his adopted son, Masanaga. This conflict led to the September 6 Incident, and Masakatsu passed away in October 1671, causing a dispute over clan leadership that continued after his death.
Honda Masanaga
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75856565
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthomendoza%20oregana
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Xanthomendoza oregana
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Xanthomendoza oregana is part of a biogeographical group that is found in both western Europe and western North America, known as the western Europe–western North America disjunct biogeographical element. In the western regions of North America, particularly in the Pacific oceanic and suboceanic areas, Xanthomendoza oregana is quite widespread. In Europe, this species has been identified in several countries, though it was previously reported under a different name (X. poeltii). It has been observed in Hungary, Germany, Denmark, southern Sweden, and southern Norway. The full extent of its geographical distribution remains somewhat unclear.
Unlike many other lichens and bryophytes that share this transatlantic distribution, Xanthomendoza oregana primarily inhabits lowland temperate areas. This corticolous lichen typically grows on deciduous trees, often in open spaces. In southern Sweden, for example, it is commonly found on trees in parks and churchyards, indicating its preference for semi-urban environments where there is sufficient light and air circulation.
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75857233
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rie%20Qudan
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Rie Qudan
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Rie Kudan (born September 27, 1990, in Saitama, Japan) is a Japanese novelist. In 2024, Kudan won the 170th Akutagawa Prize for her novel ("Tokyo Sympathy Tower"). She stated that about 5% of the novel was written by artificial intelligence.
After winning the Akutagawa Prize, she wrote in an email exchange that her preferred transliteration for her name is "Rie Qudan".
Early life and education
Kudan was born on September 27, 1990, in Urawa (now Saitama) in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
She won her first writing award for an essay she wrote during sixth grade in elementary school.
Career
Kudan worked as a laboratory assistant after graduation from university.
In 2021, Kudan won the 126th Literary World Newcomer Award with her debut novel, ("Bad music").
Her 2024 novel ("Tokyo sympathy tower") is a science fiction story about an architect who designs a tower to be built in Tokyo's Shinjuku Gyo-en garden and used as a prison to rehabilitate criminals comfortably. Set in a version of Tokyo in the near future where Zaha Hadid's version of the National Stadium for the Tokyo Olympics was built, the story is told from the perspective of the architect and her would-be biographer. The novel contains themes concerning artificial intelligence.
won Kudan the 170th Akutagawa Prize, one of Japan's most prestigious literary awards for new authors. During a press conference, Kudan mentioned that she used ChatGPT, a chatbot based on generative artificial intelligence, to write about 5% of her novel. She later clarified that AI was only used to write the AI’s dialogue in the novel.
Personal life
Kudan lives in Chiba Prefecture.
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75857572
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Louise%20Lindberg
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Marie Louise Lindberg
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Marie Louise Lindberg (also published as Marie Lindberg Smith; 1918–2005) was a mineralogist. She was affiliated with the U.S. Geological Survey and noted for her studies of mineralogy in Brazil. Multiple species of mineral were first described by her, including frondelite, faheyite, moraesite, barbosalite, and tavorite. These 5 minerals were all described by her and various collaborators in the 1940s and 1950s, and sourced from a quarry in Galileia, Minas Gerais. As of March 1950, Lindberg held both Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees.
Lindberg joined the Geological Survey in 1943, and received training from Joe Fahey. In 1953, she and K. J. Murata described a new mineral; they named it faheyite in honor of Fahey. In 2004, the mineral lindbergite was described by Daniel Atencio and named in honor of Lindberg. Notable work outside of Brazil includes paleontology research, including a paper with Wilbert H. Hass on the composition of conodonts (1946); and the discovery of a brazilianite deposit in North Groton, New Hampshire (1947). She also published multiple book reviews in the journal Science during the 1960s.
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75858384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes%20of%20Yemen
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Tribes of Yemen
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Wael and his people remained steadfast in Islam. He later passed away in Kufa during the reign of Muawiyah. Wael led the banner of Hadhramaut during the Battle of Siffin as part of Ali ibn Abi Talib's army. Additionally, the people of Hadhramaut participated in the Muslim conquests of Egypt. It is said that Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan recommended them for roles as judges and record-keepers in Egypt, favoring them over other tribes alongside the Azd.
The Rashidun Caliphate
Yemen enjoyed stability during the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphate. The Rashidun Caliphate divided Yemen into four provinces: Sana'a (along with Najran), Mikhlaf al-Jand (central Yemen), Mikhlaf Tihama, and Mikhlaf Hadhramaut. Their rule was stable, and not much is known about this period until the late ninth century AD. However, historical sources, particularly those from Yemen, provide details of Yemeni involvement in Islamic conquests.
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq sent Anas bin Malik to Yemen to encourage participation in the Levantine campaigns. Anas bin Malik sent a letter to Abu Bakr, reporting the response from the people of Yemen. Dhu al-Kala` al-Himyari arrived with a few thousand of his people to join the effort. Additionally, Al-Ala bin Al-Hadrami conquered Bahrain, fighting those who had apostatized from Islam, and both Abu Bakr and Omar appointed him to govern Bahrain, as the Prophet had previously done.
Al-Samat bin Al-Asut Al-Kindi, Muawiyah bin Khadij al-Tujaybi, Dhu al-Kala` al-Himyari, and Hawshab Dhu Dhalim al-Himyari each led forces in the Battle of Yarmouk, commanding units known as Kardus. Sharhabeel bin Al-Samat Al-Kindi, who is said to have governed Homs with Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad, ruled for twenty years and was responsible for dividing the land among the people. Later, Malik bin Hubayra al-Kindi took charge, serving as the commander of Muawiyah's armies against the Romans.
| 2.421875
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75858384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes%20of%20Yemen
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Tribes of Yemen
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In 1064, Ali bin Muhammad al-Sulayhi annexed Mecca. However, they did not attempt to impose their religious doctrine. In 1138, Sultan Suleiman bin Amir al-Zarahi, the last Sulayhid sultan, died, and the regions became independent, including Sanaa, which was controlled by three families from Hamdan. Aden also became independent, with Banu Zurayi, from the Yam tribe of Hamdan, assuming control. Al-Mukarram Al-Sulayhi had appointed them over it.
The Najjahs returned briefly to Tihama, but Ali bin Mahdi Al-Himyari eliminated them, imposed a specific lifestyle on them, and isolated them from society in 1154. This marked the beginning of the emergence of a group of modern-day Yemeni citizens known as the Akhdam. Grudges between tribal leaders prevented them from unifying their stance against the Ayyubids until the Zaidi tribes (Hashid, Bakeel, Sanhan, Khawlan etc.) defeated the Ayyubids in 1226.
Omar bin Rasool established a state known as the Apostolic State, one of the strongest kingdoms Yemen had seen since the advent of Islam. It was also one of the longest-lived Yemeni states in the country's history after Islam. The state built the Cairo Citadel in Taiz, along with a mosque and the Al-Muzaffar School.
The division between the Arab Arabs and the Arabized Arabs is rooted in what is mentioned in the Old Testament and is derived from the accounts of the beginning of creation. Later, genealogists and historians agreed to classify the Arabs into two main groups based on lineage: the Qahtaniyah, whose origins are in Yemen, and the Adnaniyah, whose origins are in Hijaz.
| 2.546875
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75858384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes%20of%20Yemen
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Tribes of Yemen
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Each Yemeni tribe has a "diwan," which serves as a middle space between the tribe and the state, as well as a public space for deliberating on general tribal issues. It is where decisions related to resource management are made and disputes between families and clans are settled through a consensual process among tribe members.
Recently, the tribe's decision-making process is no longer carried out through consensus. Instead, the sheikh makes most of the decisions without referring to the tribe's members. This shift has stripped the tribe of its traditional civil character, strengthened its sectarian nature, and hindered the development of a modern civil society.
Marginalized groups
In the past, society looked down on singers, but this has changed recently. Many of the Yemeni singers who have emerged belong to different societal groups, including the lowest strata, known as the Marginalized. These customs no longer have their previous effect or remain only symbolic. However, discrimination, marginalization, and contempt for the so-called Akhdam or marginalized people persist, even leading to physical attacks and neglect by the authorities. The tribal structure in Yemen continues to exist.
The situation of the Akhdams in Yemen is similar to that of the Pariha in India. Al-Akhdam are often confused with slaves, but they are not slaves or mamluks, nor have they ever been. These social divisions existed in both North and South Yemen under different names. The equivalent of "judges" in North Yemen (such as the late Ibrahim al-Hamdi) are referred to as "Sheikhs" in the south and Hadramaut. These divisions have ancient roots dating back to the history of Ancient Yemen.
In Aden, things were different. Aden has long been a commercial city, visited by merchants, and it was unclear who its original inhabitants were. In 1872, the city's population was 19,289, of whom 4,812 were Arabs, 965 were original inhabitants, and 8,168 were Indians, including 2,557 Muslims, with the rest being Africans from East Africa.
| 2.84375
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75858384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes%20of%20Yemen
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Tribes of Yemen
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Over time, the committee succeeded in securing the loyalty of tribal leaders who had participated in the 26 September Revolution, particularly Sheikh Abdullah bin Hussein al-Ahmar, the paramount Sheikh of the Hashed tribe. Sheikh al-Ahmar wielded significant influence over Yemen's political, social, and economic spheres, further entrenching tribal power in the country.
The Irish researcher Fred Halliday noted that President Ibrahim al-Hamdi's defining feature was his rejection of foreign interference in Yemen's internal affairs. However, immediately after al-Hamdi's assassination, Ahmed al-Ghashmi, a member of the Hashid tribe, requested the reinstatement of monthly payments from Saudi Arabia. While al-Hamdi’s foreign policy was not hostile toward Saudi Arabia—he sought to maintain a relationship compatible with Riyadh—his domestic policies were opposed to the interests of the tribal sheikhs, particularly those from the Hashid tribe. This opposition directly undermined Saudi Arabia’s influence in Yemen, which was exercised largely through these tribal networks.
Saudi "aid" was not limited to tribal sheikhs; it also extended to members of political parties, further increasing the Saudi patronage network in Yemen. By the early 1980s, this "aid" reached an estimated $3.5 billion annually, with thousands of individuals across Yemen directly linked to Saudi Arabia. Tribal elites played a significant role in shaping Saudi-Yemeni relations, often working to weaken the central authority of the Yemeni state.
In his memoirs, Sinan Abu Lahoum, a leading sheikh of the Bakil tribe, recounted how Saudi officials in Yemen engaged with tribal leaders, distributing monthly salaries—including payments to Sinan himself. He also highlighted a recommendation made by Saudi advisors to King Faisal to cease supporting the Hamid al-Din dynasty, as the "Republican" sheikhs could be "bought."
| 2.125
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75858962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C4%81b%20na%CA%BFt%20al-%E1%B8%A5ayaw%C4%81n
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Kitāb naʿt al-ḥayawān
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Kitāb naʿt al-ḥayawān, sometimes abbreviated Na't (“Book of the Characteristics of Animals”), is a 13th-century manuscript in the tradition of the Nestorian Christian author Ibn Bakhtīshūʿ (980–1058). The manuscript is in the British Library (Or. 2784). It is the earliest illustrated manuscripts on animals, among known Arab and Persian manuscripts.
It is a work of the Abbasid period circa 1225, probably from Baghdad, but the exact date or place of production, or the author (painter and calligrapher) of this specific manuscript are unknown.
The compiler of the book describes his intentions:
Figures of authority are presented in frontispiece 3 and 4, a "Ruler-Prince" with armed attendants and a "Scholar-Prince". The attendants of the "Ruler-Prince" are armed and dressed with elements of the Turkic military fashion, wearing a type of Turkic sharbush headgear and boots. These elements help distinguish the "official" garb from the "Arab" garb, as also seen in the Maqamat al-Hariri manuscripts. One attendant in frontispiece 4 is in non-military “Arab” dress, with a turban, a long tunic with baggy white trousers and black slippers.
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75859295
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chau%20Van%20Kham
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Chau Van Kham
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Chau Van Kham (; born 1949) is an Australian democracy activist who was identified by Amnesty International Australia as being a prisoner of conscience after he was imprisoned in Vietnam between 2019 and 2023 on disputed charges of "financing terrorism".
Early life and career
Chau was born in what was then French Indochina. During the Tet Offensive in 1968, he survived the Battle of Huế, where he had been studying. He later served as a soldier in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam before 1975. Following the end of the Vietnam War, he was sent to a re-education camp, where he remained for three years before fleeing Vietnam by boat.
Chau settled in Australia in 1983, where he ran a launderette in Sydney before working as a baker for several decades until he retired. At the time of his arrest, he was married with two children.
Activism
Chau had fought for South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. In 2010, he joined Việt Tân, a United States-based organisation that aims to establish a liberal democracy in Vietnam. Việt Tân was subsequently proscribed as a terrorist group by the Government of Vietnam in 2016, though the United Nations described it as "a peaceful organisation advocating for democratic reform". Việt Tân operates legally in Australia, where Chau went on to become a prominent member of its New South Wales chapter, regularly taking part in events calling for increased transparency and civil rights in Vietnam.
Arrest and imprisonment
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75859315
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Kl%C3%B6ntal
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Battle of Klöntal
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The battle of (the) Klöntal or Claenthal was fought near Lake Klöntal (in the namesake valley) in 1799 during the Revolutionary Wars (Second Coalition, Suvorov's Swiss campaign). Suvorov's Russians and Austrians, numbering plus or minus 2,100, were pressing against the French frontline troops of around 6,500 under André Masséna, who sought to completely surround Suvorov's forces, and ordered the French general Molitor to block Suvorov's escape as a result. The battle ended with the victory of the Allies.
Background
Having descended into Mutten valley and waiting for the rest of the troops to arrive, Suvorov sent a hundred mounted Cossacks on the morning of the 28th to the right, toward the side of Glarus, to gather some information about Friedrich von Linken. The Cossacks returned with bad news: there was no rumor about Linken, and the Klöntal was occupied by the French. It was no longer a vague rumor, like the one carried in Altdorf: Korsakov and Hotze are smashed and far thrown back, Jellacic (Jelačić) retreated, a strong French corps occupied Glarus, and Masséna pulls together troops to Schwyz.
French triumphs
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75859668
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilolo%20fantail
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Gilolo fantail
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The Gilolo fantail (Rhipidura torrida) is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae that is endemic to the northern Maluku Islands from Halmahera south to the Obi. The English "Gilolo" is an earlier name for Halmahera. The Gilolo fantail was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the Australian rufous fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons).
Taxonomy
The Gilolo fantail was formally described and illustrated in 1865 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace based on a specimen collected on the summit of the Gamalama volcano on Ternate in the Maluku Islands. He placed it with the other fantails in the genus Rhipidura and coined the binomial name Rhipidura torrida. The specific epithet is from Latin meaning "scorched", "torrid" or "burning". The Gilolo fantail was formerly considered as a subspecies of the rufous fantail (now the Australian rufous fantail) (Rhipidura rufifrons) but is now treated as a separate species based on differences in the plumage, voice and genetics. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
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75860007
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimmaische%20Strasse
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Grimmaische Strasse
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Since the Middle Ages, Grimmaische Strasse, previously Grimmaische Gasse, was part of the inner-city route of the historic road Via Regia, which crossed Leipzig as a trade and military road. It was also the main street of the Grimma Quarter, one of the four quarters in the old town of Leipzig. Its function as a trade route is also clear from the fact that the St. Nicholas Church is very close to the street. St. Nicholas was considered the patron saint of, among other things, travelers and traders. The second church in the area around Grimmaische Strasse was the Paulinerkirche, which was located directly on the eastern section of the city wall with the Grimmaische Tor. The Grimma Gate was reinforced with a defensive tower, which later became the municipal debtors' prison tower.
Long-distance trade with Eastern Europe ran through the Grimma Gate and the Grimmaische Strasse. The fur trade had enormous economic importance for the Leipzig Trade Fair. The transports from Silesia (Breslau), Kiev and Moscow rolled via Görlitz via Grimmaische Strasse to the Markt or to the Brühl street for processing and sale. Other raw materials such as copper, silver, wood, wool, cloth, leather and livestock also came from Eastern Europe. Trade to supply the city with food from the suburbs and villages to the east of the city also ran along this road. Profiting primarily from long-distance trade, there were restaurants and hostels on Grimmaische Strasse. The houses were mostly still half-timbered. An exception was the stone-made Fürstenhaus built in 1558 by master builder Paul Widemann († 1568) for the councilor Georg Roth († 1594) on the corner of today's Universitätsstrasse. When the royal family came to the university in 1658, the university re-established its botanical garden on the property, which had previously been located in the former herb garden of the Dominican monastery. The Botanical Garden was now accessible to everyone, making it the first public green space in the city center.
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75860491
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibella%20Macarthur-Onslow
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Sibella Macarthur-Onslow
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Rosa Sibella Walton Onslow became Rosa Macarthur-Onslow CBE (4 June 1871 – 16 July 1943) was an Australian charity and church worker. She inherited and managed Camden Park in New South Wales. Guests at the house included the Duke and Duchess of York.
Life
Macarthur-Onslow was born in 1871 at Camden Park which was her family's 20,000 acre estate. Her parents were Elizabeth (born Macarthur) and Captain Arthur Alexander Walton Onslow, R.N. who became an M.P. While her brothers were sent to private schools in Australia and Britain for their education, she was taught by a German tutor and her mother. Her father died in 1882 and her mother took over the management of the estate. Sibella would organise frequent musical evenings at Camden Park which were led by Emmeline Woolley and Ethel Charlotte Pedley.
Her mother's father was an important figure as he had helped to establish the Australian wool industry. Her mother was the end of her father's line. In 1892, a Royal license was obtained to allow her mother and her children to take the surname Macarthur-Onslow.
When her mother died, she did not leave the care of the estate to her son but to Sibella. She was given the house and nearly 1,000 acres as an estate and a lump sum of £20,000 to keep Camden Park maintained. Guests at the house included the Duke and Duchess of York in 1927. When Hardy Wilson published his illustrated Old Colonial Architecture in New South Wales and Tasmania in 1924 which recorded some of the great houses of Australia, Sibella was disappointed to find that Camden House had not been included.
In the New Years Honours list of 1930 she became a CBE. A reception in her honour attracted many VIPs including NSW Premier Thomas Bavin. In 1931, she decided to exchange houses with her brother James William MacArthur-Onslow. Camden House had only been given to her for her lifetime and she knew that her mother had been very keen to see the house remain in the family. He came to live at Camden House and she went to live nearby at Gilbulla.
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75862325
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor%20Salmon
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Honor Salmon
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Honor Salmon (née Pitman) (30 October 1912 - 19 April 1943) was a First Officer pilot in the British Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) during World War Two. She was one of fifteen women pilots who lost their lives flying in the service of the ATA.
Early life and education
Honor Isabel Pitman was born in Kensington on 30 October 1912 to Francis Isabel (née Butler) and Ernest Pitman. Her mother was Irish and her father was a publisher in the family's Bath based company Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons along with his father and brother Alfred. Her paternal grandfather Sir Isaac Pitman, was the inventor of shorthand and the family fortune sprang from his work. She had five siblings, Isaac James Pitman, (b. 1901) who developed the Initial Teaching Alphabet, Christian Ernest (b. 1902), John (b. 1907), Peter (b. 1911) and Diana (b. 1914).
Honor Pitman was baptised on 12 December 1912 at Weston All Saints, in Bath, Somerset.
Pitman was educated at Abbott’s Hill School and Westonbirt School, in Tetbury, Gloucestershire.
Flying career
Pitman had learned how to fly by the age of 14 but because of her youth and age restrictions on qualifying to undertake lone flying she "always had to fly with someone & could never go to other aerodromes to land" beyond the Bristol and Wessex Aero Club. Pitman was 24 when she qualified for her pilot's licence (No. 14649), issued by the Royal Aero Club, on 23 December 1936 at the Bristol and Wessex Aeroplane Club, flying a B A Swallow with a 85 hp Pobjoy Cataract radial engine. In 1936 Pitman joined the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY). By 1938 Pitman had travelled to Australia. She had flown 120 hours as a qualified pilot in small Swallows, Cadets and Aeronca aircraft before the start of the Second World War ended civilian flying.
World War Two - ATS and ATA
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75862937
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius%20of%20Oria
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Theodosius of Oria
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Theodosius of Oria () was a 9th-century bishop and papal legate. He is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church on August 30.
Biography
Theodosius is thought to have been educated in Oria by Eastern hermits and monks and may have been a young courtier at the Imperial Court of Constantinople. It has been suggested that he was Roman or Neapolitan due to his name. Oria was at the time an important stronghold of the Byzantine Empire, as it protected the hinterland of Otranto, which was the only Byzantine port in Italy at that time. Due to its relative security, the bishopric of Brindisi was moved to Oria around the Arab conquest of Brindisi in 838. Though the town of Oria was under Byzantine rule, the bishopric followed the Latin rite.
At some point, Theodosius became bishop of Brindisi and Oria, possibly appointed by the pope after the end of the Muslim occupation. Theodosius acted as a mediator in the conflicts between the Byzantines and the Lombards and between the Eastern and Western churches. He was sent in 884 as apocrisiarius by Pope Hadrian III to Constantinople to convey a synodal letter to patriarch Photius about faith and the filioque. Theodosius seems to have come back while Hadrian was still alive, with many riches and likely a communication from emperor Basil I, for which he was thanked by Pope Stephen V. As a reward, he received some relics of Chrysanthus and Daria for whom he erected a church that might have been the predecessor of the current cathedral.
In 887, he convened a local synod in which he reminded, among other things, his priests to remain celibate, possibly in contrast to the Greek priests in neighboring regions. The acts of the synod show, in general, that the local clergy remained Latin and Roman.
Around the same time, he deposited the relics of St Barsanuphius, a Gazan hermit, in a chapel he built close to the porta Hebraica. There is a didactic inscription in the crypt of the church of San Francesco da Paola that mentions the event, which was later built on top of the chapel.
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