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We are at an exciting time in the evolution of acne therapy, as many new advances are providing positive results for our patients . Lasers and light sources have become a useful addition to our therapeutic armamentarium for acne vulgaris . The use of intense pulsed light (ipl) may further enhance the benefits of these ...
Health care administrators have experienced a significant increase in the cost of treatment due to the costly new biologic therapies tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) inhibitors and other biologic agents . Due to this challenge, in 2006, the ministry of health and care services and norwegian directorate of health took ...
General surgery boasts remarkable developments and refinements in basic science, diagnosis and treatment that have transcended abdominal organs, touching neighboring and more distal branches of medicine . Advances in scientific surgical research have benefited the care of men and women of all ages . Because publication...
Mucosal surfaces represent large areas in which some key interactions of the host with its environment occur . The airway epithelium, for example, is critical for the o2-co2 gas exchange, while the intestinal epithelium is required for the absorption of essential nutrients and vitamins . In contrast, however, intestina...
The epithelial surfaces of the body are constantly exposed to a wide variety of antigenic material, ranging from dietary proteins and commensals to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and allergens . These antigens are separated from the delicate underlying body surfaces by a thin layer of cells, the epithelium . The cells a...
Incidence of cervical cancer and the death rate of it have declined recently, but it is still the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of mortality among women . Approximately, 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer with 280,000 deaths are reported each year . Human papilloma virus (hpv) infect...
It is estimated that after treatment of primary sts the disease recurs in approximately 4060% of patients [14], depending on histological grade and subtype of sarcoma, tumor size, and type of local treatment . The majority of recurrences (approximately 80%) occur within the first 3 years of observation . The most commo...
Ontologies provide domain knowledge to drive data annotation, data integration, information retrieval, natural language processing and decision support . As the number of large data sets are growing, providing a framework for data analysis and data integration using ontologies continues to be of critical importance (1)...
Preoperative templating is regarded important in orthopaedic surgery . On the basis of a review of the template and radiographs, we can decide the size and position of the implant used for our patients . Previously many authors have emphasized the importance of preoperative templating in total hip arthroplasty (tha)123...
Expenditures for the medicaid program grew at an average annual rate of nearly 20 percent between 1989 and 1992, from $58 billion to $113 billion (coughlin, ku, and holahan, 1994). Moreover, medicaid spending growth significantly outpaced other categories of national health spending in the early 1990s . From 1990 to 19...
Marine sponges (porifera) are well - known as prolific producers of bioactive metabolites . A sesquiterpene quinone, ilimaquinone, was reported in 1979, and since then, related compounds have been obtained from several genera of marine sponge [39]. We have isolated 11 sesquiterpene quinones: ilimaquinone (1) and its 5-...
Pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas (avf) associated with the internal pudendal artery are unusual . We report the first case of recurrent haematuria in postoperative period caused by internal pudendal artery pseudoaneurysm with avf secondary to transvesical prostatic adenomectomy (tpa). There were no intraopera...
In two - stage implant therapy, screwing the abutment to the implant results in a gap between components . The implant - abutment gap, or inner space, acts as a bacterial reservoir having a degree of communication with the oral cavity, which could interfere with peri - implant tissue health and function [13]. Mechanica...
Scientific literature has grown tremendously in past five decades in volume as well as content . This communication enlightens young dentist and scientist about availability of scientific literature in digital format and on the web since it has become impossible to maintain literature in printed format due to sheer vol...
The temperature - induced phase transition of poly(n - isopropylacrylamide), pnipam, in aqueous solutions, first reported by heskins and guillet in 1968, has been an inspiration to an enormous amount of scientific research as well as to many suggestions of application during the recent decades . In dilute aqueous solut...
Different from total globozoospermia, which is characterized by 100% round - headed sperm, partial globozoospermia has a large, but not total, proportion of round - headed sperm and even has morphologically normal sperm in one sperm sample . In daily clinical practice, partial globozoospermia is more commonly found tha...
Children's understanding that people may hold and act on false beliefs, such as looking for the keys in the wrong place, is a milestone in their development towards an adult - like theory - of - mind . To attribute a false belief to someone, children must understand that there can be representations of the world that d...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a variety of adverse cardiovascular (cv) features, including increased stiffness of the central arteries when compared to age - matched controls [1, 2]. Elevated central arterial stiffness exerts numerous detrimental effects on the vasculature, including increased systolic bl...
Postpartum depression (ppd) is a non - psychotic depressive episode of mild to moderate severity, beginning in or extending into the first postnatal year . It is one of the most common risks for mothers after the stressful period of pregnancy and delivery . Postpartum depression not only has a negative effect on mother...
Circadian rhythms are fundamental phenomena of life that are manifested as daily oscillations in vast biological processes and driven by endogenous clocks that exist in most if not all organisms on the earth (14). The molecular clock consists of a number of genes that form transcriptional translational feedback loops t...
Models describing the development rates of blowfly larvae are the primary tools used by forensic entomologists to estimate a minimum time of death or minimum post - mortem interval (pmimin) in cases of suspicious death . There are numerous biotic factors that may affect the development rates of blowfly larvae, and an u...
Dacron graft is a successful and commonly used vascular conduit for many arterial diseases . Despite its proven durability and long - term performance, structural abnormality secondary to mechanical defect or pressure dynamics of blood have been reported resulting in graft aneurysm and failure . However, a dacron graft...
Visual identification is the most common method applied in forensic sciences . However, in certain incidences where hard tissues (teeth) of the oral cavity are lost due to any reasons such as trauma, visual means of identification is significant in non - mutilated palatal tissues . Thus, in forensic dentistry, the uniq...
Acetaldehyde (ethanal) is carcinogenic in animal experiments [1, 2] and was classified by the international agency for research on cancer (iarc) in 1999 as possibly carcinogenic to humans only recently, acetaldehyde in association with alcohol consumption has been upgraded by iarc into group 1 (i.e., the highest level ...
Yttria - stabilized zro2 (ysz) is already commonly used as a solid oxide fuel cell (sofc) electrolyte and anode component . However, despite its technological importance, ysz itself is a very complex material, adopting different crystal structures (monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic) with varying y content below 20 mol%...
Interstitial brachytherapy (ibt) is a treatment option for a variety of tumor sites including, e.g., prostate, head and neck, breast, and gynecology . Implantation of the needles / catheters (without loss of generality, all different types of needles or catheters will be referred to as catheters in this article, unless...
The synovial plica of the knee is formed during the embryogenic phase of development and begins to involute during the 12 week of fetal life . This involution is incomplete in many individuals, and it has been estimated that 50% of the population has persistent plicae after birth, which can vary in shape and size.1,2 w...
In the course of vertebrate development, a part of the dorsal ectoderm (neuroectoderm, ne) differentiates into the neural plate and the neural plate border region (neuroectodermal differentiation, ned). Ned is the earliest event in vertebrate neural development and occurs during gastrulation, in which the three germ la...
Pns precede clinical manifestation of ovarian tumors and enable their diagnosis at an early stage.paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (pcd) can coexist with ovarian carcinoma.anti-nmdar antibodies detected in patient affected with encephalitis are highly suggestive of ovarian teratoma.ovarian tumors and nervous tiss...
This classic gestalt question is elegantly brought to experimental life in a simple configural superiority paradigm devised by james pomerantz and colleagues (pomerantz, sager, & stoever, 1977). When observers have to indicate which of four oriented lines has a different orientation (see figure 1), pomerantz et al . (1...
Long - term antibiotic abuse significantly increases the development of drug - resistant mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb), especially point mutations . Numerous drug resistance - conferring point mutations in tb have been identified, and they include streptomycin - resistant mutations in the rpsl (codons 43...
We conducted a cross - sectional study to investigate the seroprevalence and factors associated with kshv infection in amerindian and non - amerindian populations living in 2 regions of the brazilian amazon: a remote rural region of para state (mapuera, on the banks of the trombetas river) and manaus, the capital city ...
G protein - coupled receptors (gpcrs) are the largest group of cell surface receptors, nearly 800 members have been identified in the human genome . The importance of gpcrs has been recognized by the pharmaceutical industry as the most successful drug targets . Drugs targeted at these receptors treat a wie range of the...
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (mfh) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life, and it is rare in young patients . It usually involves the deep soft tissues and the striated muscles of the proximal part of the extremities, particularly the lower extremities . Up to 25% of cases may arise in subcutaneous...
Migraine is a chronic debilitating neurological condition affecting 1220% of the population worldwide.1 preventive treatments are available, decreasing the number and severity of headache attacks, and improving health outcomes and quality of life; half of the patients show 50% reduction in attack frequency.2 although m...
Ankylosing spondylitis (as) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease with a prevalence of 0.5 - 1.9% 1 . Spinal inflammation, the hallmark of as, causes pain and stiffness that leads to progressive spinal deformity and fusion 1 . The disease usually takes a chronic course that is characterized by bone resorption and...
Increasing findings have evidenced that cerebral ischemia plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment, and the reduction of cerebral blood flow correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment.1,2 various mechanisms of neuronal injury suffered from cerebral ischemia have been proposed...
Body image is the mental image formed from the size and shape of one s own body . It is a multidimensional construct that encompasses feelings, thoughts and behavior concerning physical attributes [2, 3]. It can also be considered as the relationship between the body of an individual and body - related cognitive proces...
Epigenetics, strictly defined, refers to the study of stable and heritable changes in gene expression that are not mediated by the primary dna sequence (1,2). Epigenetic mechanisms participate in processes such as regulating gene expression, homologous recombination and dna repair . Marks because they are stably tied t...
Green nail syndrome (gns) is characterized by greenish chromonychia caused by pyocyanin, a metabolite produced by p. aeruginosa . Predisposing factors are onychomycoses, nail diseases, working in wet conditions, diabetes mellitus, paronychia and immunosuppression, among others [1, 4, 5]. P. aeruginosa can be transmitte...
/ a22c / w184a / m185a or p17c / r18l / t19c / w184a / m185a mutations) were prepared by sequential dialysis of purified protein . Crystals were obtained by the sitting - drop vapor diffusion method in tris - buffered precipitant solutions containing polyethylene glycol and sodium iodide . Molecular replacement phasing...
Implant - supported prostheses confectioned on external hexagon connections may be screwed (on the implant or on the abutment) or cemented on an abutment . The screwed prostheses are largely utilized for multiple and single units because the screws can be easily accessed without damage to the prostheses . This is impor...
Defined as mononuclear inflammation of the heart muscle with damage to adjacent myocytes, myocarditis is a major cause of sudden death in adolescents and young adults [1 - 3]. In about 21% of cases, myocarditis evolves into chronic inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy, which further progresses to heart failure . Althoug...
Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infiltrates the blood - brain barrier and infects macrophages / microglia and astrocytes in the brain . During disease progression, patients show various levels of neurocognitive impairment, which is collectively termed hiv - associated neurocognitive disorders (hand). Thus, neuronal ...
Mouthwashes are fluids containing active components with antiseptic, antibiotic, antifungal, astringent and anti - inflammatory effects on the oral cavity and pharynx . In general population, mouth rinses they are also recommended to prevent oral diseases, such as caries and gingivitis, and to reduce plaque formation ....
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the world which kills about 17.3 million people each year . High blood pressure that is one of its main side effects and risk factors is responsible for 13% of deaths and 7% of inabilities . This disease would cause the highest rate of death, recurrence of h...
Fasting during the light phase reduced oxygen consumption in female mice fed either a high - fat or standard diet (sd) for 3 days (fig . 1b), but during the dark phase, fasting only reduced oxygen consumption when mice were fed a background high - fat diet (fig . 1a). In both the dark and light phases, fasted mice fed ...
Endothelial cell (ec) cytotoxicity induced by inflammatory factors plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease . Tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-, a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, and vascular disease, can promote endothelial cell apoptosis and inflamm...
Beginning with the alma ata declaration in 1978, the need for comprehensive and integrated approaches to health care has been well acknowledged . However, for a long time, such approaches had been enmeshed in polarised debates about vertical versus horizontal health programmes and/or comprehensive versus selective prim...
They belong to a superfamily of small (614 kda) proteins that regulate trafficking in various cells . The c - c motif chemokine ligand 15 (ccl15) is a member of the macrophage inflammatory protein-1 family of chemokines, and its gene is located on 17q11.2 . The genetic sequence of ccl15 is similar to that of c - c moti...
In the late 1970s an increasing awareness of the importance of disease prevention in the u.s . Culminated in healthy people: the surgeon general's report on health promotion and disease prevention . This led to the healthy people program, a major nationwide effort to monitor and reduce death and disability from chronic...
The anatomy of the scapular neck may have significant implications for rtsa design, surgical planning, and reduction of associated complications . Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rtsa) is a popular treatment for rotator cuff tear arthropathy and other painful shoulder conditions in which the rotator cuff is defici...
A 48-year - old woman with a positive brca1 gene mutation was referred with a pelvic mass . Ca-125 was> 4,000 and a ct scan confirmed the presence of large bilateral ovarian tumours . She underwent debulking surgery, and histology revealed completely resected stage 3b high - grade endometrioid ovarian carcinoma . She w...
With an increasing number of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed, studies have reported gallbladder perforation of up to 40% of cases . We present our case and describe laparoscopic drainage as our choice of management for chronic abscess caused by these spilled stones . Mr m is a 75-year - old male who required rep...
Upton and mccomas first reported double crush syndrome in 1973, postulating that proximal compression could render the distal nerve more susceptible to a second compression14). In clinical practice, we often observe cervical radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome occurring together in what is known as double crush sy...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a syndrome characterized by progressive respiratory distress and refractory hypoxemia caused by severe intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary disease . It is one of the most common causes of icu inpatient admission . Despite continuous advancements in intensive care technology, ...
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (crt) is an important treatment for drug - refractory heart failure and left ventricular (lv) dyssynchrony . Pacing leads have often been placed at the coronary vein and right ventricle to reduce lv dyssynchrony and to improve hemodynamics in patients with heart failure . In some patie...
Anxiety affects quality of life in those living with parkinson's disease (pd) more so than overall cognitive status, motor deficits, apathy, and depression [13]. Although anxiety and depression are often related and coexist in pd patients, recent research suggests that anxiety rather than depression is the most promine...
Small non - coding rnas are transcribed into mrna but remain untranslated in eukaryotic cells . They include sirna (small interfering rna), mirna (microrna), pirna (piwi - interacting rna) and snorna (small nucleolar rna). Mirnas are a class of multifunctional singled - stranded small rna which are ~20 nt in length and...
Ohss is a serious complication of ovulation induction, occurring in 1 - 10% of in vitro fertilization patients (rizk and aboulghar, 1991; brinsden et al ., 1995). This iatrogenic condition has a spectrum of clinical and laboratory manifestations ranging from mild to severe, even life - threatening conditions (rizk et a...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) refers to a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by an enzyme deficiency which leads to defects in biosynthesis of steroid precursors . Depending on the severity and degree of 21 hydroxylase deficiency, the clinical spectrum may vary from mild form of non classical cah to c...
Type 1 diabetes (t1d) results from the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic cells by a cell specific autoimmune process (1). Chronic pancreatic inflammation (insulitis) and destruction of islet -cells in type 1 diabetes is mediated by the immune cells, particularly autoreactive cd4 and cd8 t lymphocytes, b cells...
Determinar a presena de anticorpos ige especficos para superantgenos estafiloccicos e o grau de sensibilizao mediada por esses, assim como se esses esto associados gravidade da asma em pacientes adultos . Estudo transversal incluindo asmticos adultos em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um hospital universitrio tercirio n...
The family is the cornerstone of human social support network and its presence is essential in everyone s life . Changes inevitably occur in families with illness and hospitalization of a family member . In other words, among the sources of stress for families are accidents leading to hospitalization particularly inten...
Development of human societies and industrialization as well as changes in stress sources has changed disease pattern in civilized societies . As a result, the disease pattern has changed from traditional diseases such as infectious diseases and malnutrition to diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, accidents and so...
Sixty - four patients in nepal that met us department of defense enrollment criteria (9) for influenzalike illness were evaluated by using onsite rapid influenza tests (optical immunoassay rapid diagnostic tests, thermo electron corp . Throat swab specimens were collected within the first 72 hours of onset of symptoms,...
Rising levels of obesity are becoming a worldwide phenomenon and are increasingly identified as a health problem across the globe [14]. Higher weight has been associated with adverse health indicators and outcomes, including cardiovascular disease [512], stroke [5, 13], cognitive and functional decline [1418], metaboli...
Male macroprolactinomas (mprl) are usually revealed by headaches, visual troubles and gonadal insufficiency . Suppurative meningitis (sm), a life - threatening condition, is scarcely observed in subjects with macro tumors secreting prolactin (prl) and in other pituitary tumors (pt). However, in some very rare cases it ...
Many studies have not been reported in literature for lumbar discectomy by destandau endospine system . We report a series of 300 patients operated for lumbar dissectomy by destandau endospine system . A total of 300 patients suffering from lumbar disc herniations were operated between january 2002 and december 2008 . ...
Medical tourism is illustrated as occurrence in which individuals travel abroad to receive healthcare services (1). It is a multi - billion dollar industry and countries like india, thailand, singapore, malaysia, belgium, costa rica, cuba, dubai, hungary, israel, jordan, south africa and many others are being benefited...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (hnscc) is a heterogeneous disease that includes tumors arising from the mucosal epithelial surface of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx . Although these tumors originate within different anatomic sites within the upper aerodigestive tract, they are histol...
This in vitro study was conducted in the chemistry and biochemistry institute, university of veterinary medicine, vienna, austria between june and august 2013 in accordance with the guidelines of the european union council (86/609/eu) for the use of laboratory animals . The work does not require approval from the ethic...
The femoral head often leads to healing complications, while the more predictable prosthetic replacements are associated with poorer function and significant complications . The treatment of these fractures depends on the age of the patient, fracture displacement, bone quality, timing of surgery and activity level of t...
Granuloma faciale (gf) is an uncommon, benign, inflammatory skin disorder of unknown etiology . It is characterized by single or multiple, grey - brown or violaceous nodules or plaques primarily occurring on the face and occasionally at extra - facial sites . The disease is notoriously resistant to therapies and often ...
Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (cmmol) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.370.72 per 100 000 population . The median age at diagnosis varies between 65 years and 75 years [14]. The radical treatment is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, although this treatment is unsuitable for most patients because of their...
In a recent issue of critical care, we presented a series of 13 patients undergoing post - cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) with bivalirudin - based anticoagulation . After this series, we satisfactorily continued this experience, reaching about 20 patients treated . However, we think that a word o...
Global and regional left ventricular (lv) functions are well - known indicators of cardiac disease . Quantitative values of ventricular volumes and of myocardial mass are independent predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease . Classically, echo has been used to evaluate lv volume an...
Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram - negative, aerobic diplococcus human mucosal pathogen which causes middle ear infections in infants and children [13], and it is one of the three major causes of otitis media along with streptococcus pneumonia and haemophilus influenzae . Although moraxella catarrhalis is frequently fou...
Anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ancas) correlate well with a wide spectrum of vasculitis manifestations, including wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and churg - strauss syndrome, all of which are commonly referred to as anca - associated vasculitis (1). Several infections, particularly infec...
Endometriosis is a prevalent cause of infertility, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia in reproductive - age women . Its diagnosis is by inspection of the pelvis during laparoscopy . In women with pelvic pain and infertility, endometriosis mimics some autoimmune and malignant diseases, including familial occurre...
It is generally accepted that microleakage between the filling materials and root canal walls might adversely affect the outcome of root canal treatment . Therefore, it is critical the complete sealing of the root canal system after cleaning and shaping in order to avoid the bacterial penetration and re - infection of ...
Neonatal diabetes mellitus (ndm) presenting within the first 6 months of life includes permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (pndm), which require lifelong therapy, and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (tndm) where the condition shows remission during infancy but relapses in adolescence . Almost all cases of neonata...
Radiocontrast - induced nephropathy (rin) can lead to acute renal failure (arf), which may require dialysis therapy . Arf increases treatment cost due to sepsis, hemorrhage, respiratory failure, and a long hospitalization. [13] rin is an important cause of hospital - acquired arf and is responsible for 12% of cases . R...
According to the u.s . National institutes of health, up to 80% of human bacterial infections involve biofilm - associated microorganisms 1 . Among these, implant - related infections do still have a tremendous impact in orthopaedics and trauma 2, with high social and economic costs 3, 4, posing challenging diagnostic ...
In 2011, who declared combat drug resistance: no action today, no cure tomorrow . . In recent years presently, antimicrobial resistance (amr) poses a major threat to patient's treatment as it leads to increased morbidity and mortality, increased hospital stay, and severe economic loss to the patient and nation [3, 4]. ...
Ureterocele is a congenital urinary abnormality characterized by the presence of an intrabladder hernia or cystic ballooning of the lower end of a ureter lying between the mucosa and muscle of the bladder . The abnormality leads to urinary retention and recurrent urinary tract infection (uti), which can cause irreversi...
Health - related quality of life (hrqol) is a multidimensional concept that defines a person's health based on specific aspects, such as physical, emotional, and social functioning and general welfare (1). The assessment of hrqol consists of an evaluation of the degree to which these aspects are decreased by symptoms, ...
The majority of women with menorrhagia, postcoital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, or postmenopausal bleeding ultimately undergo diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial sampling as part of their assessment, particularly if symptoms persist or pelvic imaging suggests a uterine abnormality . Dilatation and curettage ...
The geological and (palaeo-)biological evolution of lowland amazonia during neogene and quaternary times remains fascinating since the early days of natural sciences (for summaries of research history see e.g., loczy, 1963 and wesselingh, 2008). Many, but partly highly controversial models have been introduced to expla...
With increasing availability, widened indications, and technical refinements of computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri), the number of incidentally discovered adrenal lesions, such as adrenal incidentalomas and incidental adrenal enlargement, is increasing . In a recent study by tang et al ., amon...
Pursuing the goal of improved health literacy requires more alliances between health and education sectors to improve literacy levels in the population . It is important for health educators to know about knowledge transfer to meet their needs in transferring their knowledge to public . Knowledge transfer, which means ...
Septic arthritis of the shoulder is uncommon in adults . It is a surgical emergency as joint destruction occurs rapidly and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality . A 43 years old male came to our outpatient department with complaints of pain and stiffness of his left shoulder . On examination, his shoulder mo...
Split - liver transplantation (slt) is an attractive alternative procedure to expand the donor pool in patients waiting for liver transplantation . The standard split - liver procedure for a child and an adult (adult / pediatric split liver ttransplantation, a / p slt), by splitting segment ii - iii for pediatric recip...
Ribonucleotide reductase (rr) inhibitors have been studied as radiation sensitizers for over 30 years in both the lab and the clinic . The first of these, hydroxyurea, has been studied in both cervical and head and neck cancers, among others . Although initially promising, many of the clinical trials produced negative ...
The study of long bones and the cells of the bone marrow is central to a myriad of research disciplines, including, but not limited to, bone biology, cancer biology, immunology, hematology, and biomechanics . The bone is a highly dynamic organ that together with the cartilage forms the skeleton to provide mechanical su...
Tuberculosis (tb) is a major health issue in developing countries with over two billion people being infected with tuberculosis bacilli world wide (1). Although tb was recently regarded primarily as a disease of the developing countries it is now also on the increase in developed countries such as the united kingdom, m...
The value of the ketogenic diet (kd) has been recognized in the treatment of epilepsy, although the exact mechanisms by which it exerts its effect remain an enigma . They seem to be different from those of regular antiepileptic medications (aeds), and discovering what they are may lead to its use in clinical situations...
The endotracheal tube (ett) should be placed at the optimal level to avoid inadvertent complication . If the ett is too deep, it increases the risk of unintended single lung ventilation . On the other hand, if the ett is too shallow, it may cause vocal cord injury by the ett balloon or accidental extubation . There are...
Embryos generated through assisted reproductive technologies (art) are deemed surplus when, for some reason, they are not used for reproductive purposes (svendsen and koch 2008; haimes and taylor 2011); instead, they are then disposed of or, where this is allowed by a country s art regulation, may be donated for a vari...
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia which accounts for about 1% of human cancers . Mtc originates from calcitonin - producing cells (c - cells) of the thyroid gland and accounts for 35% of thyroid cancers . Mtc is relatively slow - growing tumor but, if metastasized or relapsed, it becomes very aggres...